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Data entry: Gaudiya Grantha Mandira
Contribution: Gaudiya Grantha Mandira
Date of this version: 2020-07-31
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Bhagavadgita
with the commentary ascribed to Samkara (Adhyayas 1-17)
Input by ... (Gaudiya Grantha Mandira)
BhG 1
atha arjuna-viṣāda-yogo nāma prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ |
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bhagavat-śaṅkarācārya-kṛta-bhāṣyam
upodghāṭaḥ
oṃ
nārāyaṇaḥ paro 'vyaktād aṇḍam avyakta-sambhavam |
aṇḍasyāntas tv ime lokāḥ sapta-dvīpā ca medinī ||
sa bhagavān sṛṣṭvedaṃ jagat | tasya ca sthitiṃ cikīrṣuḥ marīḍyādīn agre sṛṣṭvā prajāpatīn pravṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ grāhayāmāsa vedoktam | tato 'nyān ca sanaka-sanandanādīn utpādya nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ jñāna-vairāgya-lakṣaṇaṃ grāhayāmāsa | dvividho hi vedokto dharmaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca | jagataḥ sthiti-kāraṇam | prāṇināṃ sākṣād abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-hetur yaḥ sa dharmo brāhmaṇādyair varṇibhir āśramibhiś ca śreyo 'rthibhir anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ | dīrgheṇa kālena anuṣṭhātṝṇāṃ kāmodbhavād dhīyamāna-viveka-jñāna-hetukena adharmeṇa abhibhūyamāne dharme, pravardhamāne ca adharme, jagataḥ sthitiṃ paripipālayiṣuḥ sa ādi-kartā nārāyaṇākhyo viṣṇur bhaumasya brahmaṇo brāhmaṇatvasya cābhirakṣaṇārthaṃ devakyāṃ vasudevād aṃśena kṛṣṇaḥ kila sambabhūva | brāhmaṇatvasya hi rakṣaṇena rakṣitaḥ syād vaidiko dharmaḥ tad-adhīnatvād varṇāśrama-bhedānām |
sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sadā sampannas triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ mūla-prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtya, ajo 'vyayo bhūtānām īśvaro nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvo 'pi san, sva-māyayā dehavān iva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate | sva-prayojanābhāve 'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā vaidikaṃ hi dharma-dvayam arjunāya śoka-moha-mahodadhau nimagnāya upadideśa guṇādhikair hi gṛhīto 'nuṣṭhīyamānaś ca dharmaḥ pracayaṃ gamiṣyatīti | taṃ dharmaṃ bhagavatā yathopadiṣṭaṃ veda-vyāsaḥ sarvajño bhagavān gītākhyaiḥ saptabhiḥ śloka-śatair upanibabandha |
tad idaṃ gītā-śāstraṃ samasta-vedārtha-sāra-saṅgraha-bhūtaṃ durvijñayārthaṃ tad-arthāviṣkaraṇāya anekair vivṛta-pada-padārtha-vākya-vākyārtha-nyāyam api atyanta-viruddhānekārthatvena laukikair gṛhyamāṇam upalabhyāhaṃ vivekato 'rtha-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ saṃkṣepato vivaraṇaṃ kariṣyāmi |
tasya asya gītā-śāstrasya saṃkṣepataḥ prayojanaṃ paraṃ niḥśreyasaṃ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasya atyantoparama-lakṣaṇam | tac ca sarva-karma-sannyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpād dharmād bhavati | tathā imam eva gītārtha-dharmam uddiśya bhagavataivoktam | sa hi dharmaḥ suparyāpto brahmaṇaḥ pada-vedane [Mbh 14.16.12] ity anugītāsu | tatraiva coktaṃ - naiva dharmī na cādharmī na caiva hi śubhāśubhī [Mbh 14.19.7], yaḥ syād ekāyane līnas tūṣṇīṃ kiṃcid acintayan [Mbh 14.19.1], jñānaṃ saṃnyāsa-lakṣaṇam [Mbh 14.43.26] iti ca | ihāpi cānte uktam arjunāya - sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja [Gītā 18.66] iti |
abhyudayārtho 'pi yaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo varṇān āśramāṃś coddiśya vihitaḥ sa devādi-sthāna-prāpti-hetur api san, īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaḥ sattva-śuddhaye bhavati phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ | śuddha-sattvasya ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyogyatā-prāpti-dvāreṇa jñānotpatti-hetutvena ca niḥśreyasa-hetutvam api pratipadyate | tathā cemam evārtham abhisandhāya vakṣyati brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi [Gītā 5.10], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye [Gītā 5.11] iti |
imaṃ dviprakāraṃ dharmaṃ niḥśreyasa-prayojanam | paramārtha-tattvaṃ ca vāsudevākhyaṃ para-brahmābhidheya-bhūtaṃ viśeṣataḥ abhivyañjayad viśiṣṭa-prayojana-sambandhābhidheyavad gītā-śāstram | yatas tad-artha-vijñānena samasta-puruṣārtha-siddhiḥ | ataḥ tad-vivaraṇe yatnaḥ kriyate mayā ||
BhG 1
dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ |
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata saṃjaya ||BhG_1.1||
saṃjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā |
ācāryam upasaṃgamya rājā vacanam abravīt ||BhG_1.2||
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍu-putrāṇām ācārya mahatīṃ camūm |
vyūḍhāṃ drupada-putreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā ||BhG_1.3||
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjuna-samā yudhi |
yuyudhāno virāṭaś ca drupadaś ca mahārathaḥ ||BhG_1.4||
dhṛṣṭaketuś cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca vīryavān |
purujit kuntibhojaś ca śaibyaś ca nara-puṃgavaḥ ||BhG_1.5||
yudhāmanyuś ca vikrānta uttamaujāś ca vīryavān |
saubhadro draupadeyāś ca sarva eva mahā-rathāḥ ||BhG_1.6||
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tān nibodha dvijottama |
nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi te ||BhG_1.7||
bhavān bhīṣmaś ca karṇaś ca kṛpaś ca samitiṃjayaḥ |
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaś ca saumadattir jayadrathaḥ ||BhG_1.8||
anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā mad-arthe tyakta-jīvitāḥ |
nānā-śastra-praharaṇāḥ sarve yuddha-viśāradāḥ ||BhG_1.9||
aparyāptaṃ tad asmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam |
paryāptaṃ tv idam eteṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam ||BhG_1.10||
ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathā-bhāgam avasthitāḥ |
bhīṣmam evābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi ||BhG_1.11||
tasya saṃjanayan harṣaṃ kuru-vṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ |
siṃha-nādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān ||BhG_1.12||
tataḥ śaṅkhāś ca bheryaś ca paṇavānaka-gomukhāḥ |
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdas tumulo 'bhavat ||BhG_1.13||
tataḥ śvetair hayair yukte mahati syandane sthitau |
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaś caiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ ||BhG_1.14||
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanaṃjayaḥ |
pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahā-śaṅkhaṃ bhīma-karmā vṛkodaraḥ ||BhG_1.15||
ananta-vijayaṃ rājā kuntī-putro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau ||BhG_1.16||
kāśyaś ca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahā-rathaḥ |
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaś ca sātyakiś cāparājitaḥ ||BhG_1.17||
drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivī-pate |
saubhadraś ca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak ||BhG_1.18||
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat |
nabhaś ca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan ||BhG_1.19||
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapi-dhvajaḥ |
pravṛtte śastra-saṃpāte dhanur udyamya pāṇḍavaḥ ||BhG_1.20||
hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyam idam āha mahī-pate |
senayor ubhayor madhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me 'cyuta ||BhG_1.21||
yāvad etān nirīkṣe 'haṃ yoddhu-kāmān avasthitān |
kair mayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇa-samudyame ||BhG_1.22||
yotsyamānān avekṣe 'haṃ ya ete 'tra samāgatāḥ |
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddher yuddhe priya-cikīrṣavaḥ ||BhG_1.23||
evam ukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam ||BhG_1.24||
bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām |
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavetān kurūn iti ||BhG_1.25||
tatrāpaśyat sthitān pārthaḥ pitṝn atha pitāmahān |
ācāryān mātulān bhrātṝn putrān pautrān sakhīṃs tathā ||BhG_1.26||
śvaśurān suhṛdaś caiva senayor ubhayor api |
tān samīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvān bandhūn avasthitān ||BhG_1.27||
kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo viṣīdann idam abravīt |
dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam ||BhG_1.28||
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati |
vepathuś ca śarīre me romaharṣaś ca jāyate ||BhG_1.29||
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāt tvak caiva paridahyate |
na ca śaknomy avasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ ||BhG_1.30||
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava |
na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ||BhG_1.31||
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca |
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogair jīvitena vā ||BhG_1.32||
yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca |
ta ime 'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃs tyaktvā dhanāni ca ||BhG_1.33||
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ |
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ saṃbandhinas tathā ||BhG_1.34||
etān na hantum icchāmi ghnato 'pi madhusūdana |
api trailokya-rājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahī-kṛte ||BhG_1.35||
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān naḥ kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana |
pāpam evāśrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ ||BhG_1.36||
tasmān nārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrān sva-bāndhavān |
svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava ||BhG_1.37||
yady apy ete na paśyanti lobhopahata-cetasaḥ |
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitra-drohe ca pātakam ||BhG_1.38||
kathaṃ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum |
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhir janārdana ||BhG_1.39||
kula-kṣaye praṇaśyanti kula-dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ |
dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnam adharmo 'bhibhavaty uta ||BhG_1.40||
adharmābhibhavāt kṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kula-striyaḥ |
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇa-saṃkaraḥ ||BhG_1.41||
saṃkaro narakāyaiva kula-ghnānāṃ kulasya ca |
patanti pitaro hy eṣāṃ lupta-piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ ||BhG_1.42||
doṣair etaiḥ kula-ghnānāṃ varṇa-saṃkara-kārakaiḥ |
utsādyante jāti-dharmāḥ kula-dharmāś ca śāśvatāḥ ||BhG_1.43||
utsanna-kula-dharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana |
narake niyataṃ vāso bhavatīty anuśuśruma ||BhG_1.44||
aho bata mahat pāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam |
yad rājya-sukha-lobhena hantuṃ svajanam udyatāḥ ||BhG_1.45||
yadi mām apratīkāram aśastraṃ śastra-pāṇayaḥ |
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyus tan me kṣemataraṃ bhavet ||BhG_1.46||
evam uktvārjunaḥ saṃkhye rathopastha upāviśat |
visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ śoka-saṃvigna-mānasaḥ ||BhG_1.47||
iti śaṅkarācārya-kṛte gītā-bhāṣye prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||1||
BhG 2
dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
saṃjaya uvāca
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam |
viṣīdantam idaṃ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ ||BhG_2.1||
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam |
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam akīrti-karam arjuna ||BhG_2.2||
klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitat tvayy upapadyate |
kṣudraṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha paraṃtapa ||BhG_2.3||
kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana |
iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāv arisūdana ||BhG_2.4||
gurūn ahatvā hi mahānubhāvāñ
śreyo bhoktuṃ bhaikṣyam apīha loke |
hatvārtha-kāmāṃs tu gurūn ihaiva
bhuñjīya bhogān rudhira-pradigdhān ||BhG_2.5||
na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyo
yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ |
yān eva hatvā na jijīviṣāmas
te 'vasthitāḥ pramukhe dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ||BhG_2.6||
kārpaṇya-doṣopahata-svabhāvaḥ
pṛcchāmi tvāṃ dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetāḥ |
yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me
śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi māṃ tvāṃ prapannam ||BhG_2.7||
na hi prapaśyāmi mamāpanudyād
yac chokam ucchoṣaṇam indriyāṇām |
avāpya bhūmāv asapatnam ṛddhaṃ
rājyaṃ surāṇām api cādhipatyam ||BhG_2.8||
saṃjaya uvāca
evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ |
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ||BhG_2.9||
tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṃ vacaḥ ||BhG_2.10||
atra ca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ārabhya yāvat na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ity etad-antaḥ prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-bīja-bhūta-doṣodbhava-kāraṇa-pradarśanārthatvena vyākhyeyo granthaḥ | tathā hi -- arjunena rājya-guru-putra-mitra-suhṛt-svajana-saṃbandhi-bāndhaveṣu aham eteṣām mamaite ity evaṃ bhrānti-pratyaya-nimitta-sneha-vicchedādi-nimittau ātmanaḥ śoka-mohau pradarśitau | kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye ity ādinā | śoka-mohābhyāṃ hy abhibhūta-viveka-vijñānaḥ svata eva kṣatra-dharme yuddhe pravṛtto 'pi tasmād yuddhād upararāma | para-dharmaṃ ca bhikṣā-jīvanādikaṃ kartuṃ pravavṛte | tathā ca sarva-prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-doṣāviṣṭa-cetasāṃ svabhāvata eva svadharma-parityāgaḥ pratiṣiddha-sevā ca syāt | sva-dharme pravṛttānām api teṣāṃ vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyādīnāṃ pravṛttiḥ phalābhisaṃdhi-pūrvikaiva sāhaṃkārā ca bhavati | tatraivaṃ sati dharmādharmopacayād iṣṭāniṣṭa-janma-sukha-duḥkhādi-prāpti-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro 'nuparato bhavati | ity ataḥ saṃsāra-bīja-bhūtau śoka-mohau | tayoś ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñānāt nānyato nivṛttir iti tad-upadidikṣuḥ sarva-lokānugrahārtham arjunaṃ nimittīkṛtya āha bhagavān vāsudevaḥ--- aśocyān ityādi |
atra kecid āhuḥ-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-mātrād eva kevalāt kaivalyaṃ na prāpyata eva | kiṃ tarhi ? agnihotrādi-śrauta-smārta-karma-sahitāt jñānāt kaivalya-prāptir iti sarvāsu gītāsu niścito 'rtha iti | jñāpakaṃ cāhur asyārthasya -- atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi [Gītā 2.33] karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47], kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam [Gītā 4.15] ity ādi | hiṃsādi-yuktatvāt vaidikaṃ karma adharmāya itīyam apy āśaṅkā na kāryā | katham ? kṣātraṃ karma yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ guru-bhrātṛ-putrādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇam atyantaṃ krūram api sva-dharma iti kṛtvā nādharmāya | tad-akaraṇe ca tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi [Gītā 2.33] iti bruvatā yāvaj jīvādi-śruti-coditānāṃ paśv-ādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ prāg eva nādharmatvam iti suniścitam uktaṃ bhavati -- iti |
tad asat | jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor vibhāga-vacanād buddhi-dvayāśrayayoḥ | aśocyān ity ādinā bhagavatā yāvat svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity etad-antena granthena yat-paramārthātma-tattva-nirūpaṇaṃ kṛtam, tat sāṃkhyam | tad-viṣayā buddhir ātmano janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikriyābhāvād akartā ātmeti prakaraṇārtha-nirūpaṇād yā jāyate, sā sāṃkhya-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ jñāninām ucitā bhavati, te sāṃkhyāḥ | etasyā buddher janmanaḥ prāk ātmano dehādivyatiriktatvakartṛtvabhoktṛtvabhoktṛtvādyapekṣo dharmādharma-viveka-pūrvako mokṣa-sādhanānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇo yogaḥ | tad-viṣayā buddhiḥ yoga-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ karmiṇām ucitā bhavati te yoginaḥ | tathā ca bhagavatā vibhakte dve buddhī nirdiṣṭe eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu iti | tayoś ca sāṃkhya-buddhy-āśrayāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ sāṃkhyānāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati purā vedātmanā mayā proktā iti | tathā ca yoga-buddhy-āśrayāṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati - karma-yogena yoginām iti | evaṃ sāṃkhya-buddhiṃ yoga-buddhiṃ ca āśritya dve niṣṭhe vibhakte bhagavataiva ukte jñāna-karmaṇoḥ kartṛtvākartṛtvaikatvānekatva-buddhy-āśrayayoḥ yugapad-eka-puruṣāśrayatvāsaṃbhavaṃ paśyatā | yathā etad-vibhāga-vacanam tathaiva darśitaṃ śātapathīye brāhmaṇe - etam eva pravrājino lokam icchanto brāhmaṇāḥ pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vidhāya tac-cheṣeṇa kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṃ no 'yam ātmāyaṃ lokaḥ [BAU 4.4.22] iti | tatraiva ca prāg dāra-parigrahāt puruṣa ātmo prākṛto dharma-jijñāsottara-kālaṃ loka-traya-sādhanam | putraṃ, dvi-prakāraṃ ca vittaṃ mānuṣaṃ dvi-prakāraṃ ca | tatra mānuṣaṃ karma-rūpaṃ pitṛ-loka-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vidyāṃ ca daivaṃ vittaṃ deva-loka-prāpti-sādhanam | so 'kāmayata [BAU 1.4.17] iti avidyā-kāmavata eva sarvāṇi karmāṇi śrautādīni darśitāni | tebhyo vyutthāya, pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti vyutthānam ātmānam eva lokam icchato 'kāmasya vihitam | tad etad vibhāga-vacanam anupapannaṃ syād yadi śrauta-karma-jñānayoḥ samuccayo 'bhipretaḥ syād bhagavataḥ |
na cārjunasya praśna upapanno bhavati jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te [Gītā 3.1] ity ādiḥ | eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavaṃ buddhi-karmaṇoḥ bhagavatā pūrvam anuktaṃ katham arjuno 'śrutaṃ buddhā ca karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ bhagavaty adhyāropayen mṛṣaiva jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhiḥ iti |
kiṃ ca -- yadi buddhi-karmaṇoḥ sarveṣāṃ samuccaya uktaḥ syāt arjunasyāpi sa ukta eveti, yac chrāya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam iti katham ubhayor upadeśe sati anyatara-viṣaya eva praśnaḥ syāt ? na hi pitta-praśamanārthinaḥ vaidyena madhuraṃ śītalaṃ ca bhoktavyam ity upadiṣṭe tayor anyatarat-pitta-praśamana-kāraṇaṃ brūhi iti praśnaḥ saṃbhavati |
athārjunasya bhagavad-ukta-vacanārtha-vivekānavadhāraṇa-nimittaḥ praśnaḥ kalpyeta, tathāpi bhagavatā praśnānurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ deyam -- mayā buddhi-karmaṇoḥ samuccaya uktaḥ kim artham itthaṃ tvaṃ bhrānto 'si -- iti | na tu punaḥ prativacanam ananurūpaṃ pṛṣṭād anyad eva dve niṣṭhā mayā purā proktā iti vaktuṃ yuktam |
nāpi smārtenaiva karmaṇā buddheḥ samuccaye abhiprete vibhāga-vacanādi sarvam upapananam | kiṃ ca -- kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ smārtaṃ karma sva-dharma iti jānataḥ tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghoro māṃ niyojayasi ity upālambho 'nupapannaḥ |
tasmād gītā-śāstre īṣan-mātreṇāpi śrautena smārtena vā karmaṇā ātma-jñānasya samuccayo na kenacid darśayituṃ śakyaḥ | yasya tv ajñānāt rāgādi-doṣato vā karmaṇi pravṛttasya yajñena dānena tapasā vā viśuddha-sattvasya jñānam utpannaṃ paramārtha-tattva-viṣayam ekam evedaṃ sarvaṃ brahma akartṛ ca iti, tasya karmaṇi karma-prayojane ca nivṛtte 'pi loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ yatna-pūrvaṃ yathā pravṛttiḥ, tathaiva pravṛttasya yat pravṛtti-rūpaṃ dṛśyate na tat karma yena buddheḥ samuccayaḥ syāt | yathā bhagavato vāsudevasya kṣatra-dharma-ceṣṭitaṃ na jñānena samuccīyate puruṣārtha-siddhaye, tadvat tat-phalābhisaṃdhy-ahaṃkārābhāvasya tulyatvād viduṣaḥ | tattvavin nāhaṃ karomīti manyate, na ca tat-phalam abhisandhatte | yathā ca svargādi-kāmārthino 'gnihotrādi-karma-lakṣaṇa-dharmānuṣṭhānāya āhitāgneḥ kāmye eva agnihotrādau pravṛttasya sāmi kṛte vinaṣṭā 'pi kāme tad eva agnihotrādy-anutiṣṭhato 'pi na tat-kāmyam agnihotrādi bhavati | tathā ca darśayati bhagavān - kurvann api na lipyate na karoti na lipyate iti tatra tatra ||
yac ca pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ iti, tat tu pravibhajya vijñeyam | tat katham ? yadi tāvat pūrve janakādayaḥ tattva-vido 'pi pravṛtta-karmāṇaḥ syuḥ, te loka-saṃgrahārtham guṇā guṇeṣu vartante iti jñānenaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, karma-saṃnyāse prāpte 'pi karmaṇā sahaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, na karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtavanta ity arthaḥ |
atha na te tattva-vidaḥ | īśvara-samarpitena karmaṇā sādhana-bhūtena saṃsiddhiṃ sattva-śuddhim, jñānotpatti-lakṣaṇāṃ vā saṃsiddhim, āsthitā janakādaya iti vyākhyeyam | etam evārthaṃ vakṣyati bhagavān sattva-śuddhaye karma kurvanti iti | sva-karmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ ity uktvā siddhiṃ prāptasya punar-jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ vakṣyati -- siddhiṃ prāpto yathā brahma ity ādinā ||
tasmād gītā-śāstre kevalād eva tattva-jñānān mokṣa-prāptiḥ na karma-samuccitāt iti niścito 'rthaḥ | yathā cāyam arthaḥ, tathā prakaraṇaśo vibhajya tatra tatra darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
tatraiva dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetaso mithyā-jñānavato mahati śoka-sāgare nimagnasya arjunasya anyatrātma-jñānād uddharaṇam apaśyan bhagavān vāsudevaḥ tataḥ kṛpayā arjunam uddidhārayiṣuḥ ātma-jñānāyāvatārayann āha -
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñā-vādāṃś ca bhāṣase |
gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ||BhG_2.11||
na śocyā aśocyāḥ bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ | sad-vṛttatvāt paramārtha-svarūpeṇa ca nityatvāt, tān aśocyān anvaśoco 'nuśocitavān asi te mriyante man-nimittam, ahaṃ tair vinābhūtaḥ kiṃ kariṣyāmi rājya-sukhādinā iti | tvaṃ prajñā-vādān prajñāvatāṃ buddhimatāṃ vādāṃś ca vacanāni ca bhāṣase | tad etat mauḍhyaṃ pāṇḍityaṃ ca viruddham ātmani darśayasi unmatta iva ity abhiprāyaḥ | yasmāt gatāsūn gata-prāṇān mṛtān, agatāsūn agata-prāṇān jīvataś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ātmajñāḥ | paṇḍā ātma-viṣayā buddhir yeṣāṃ te hi paṇḍitāḥ, pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya [BAU 3.5.1] iti śruteḥ | paramārthatas tu tān nityān aśocyān anuśocasi, ato mūḍho 'si ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.11||
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kutas te aśocyāḥ ? yato nityāḥ | katham ?
na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ na tvaṃ neme janādhipāḥ |
na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayam ataḥ param ||BhG_2.12||
na tv eva jātu kadācid ahaṃ nāsam kintv āsam eva | atīteṣu dehotpatti-vināśeṣu ghaṭādiṣu viyad iva nitya eva aham āsam ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā na tvaṃ nāsīḥ, kintv āsīr eva | tathā neme janādhipā āsan kintv āsann eva | tathā na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ, kintu bhaviṣyāma eva, sarve vayam ato 'smād deha-vināśāt param uttara-kāle 'pi | triṣv api kāleṣu nityā ātma-svarūpeṇa ity arthaḥ | dehābhedānuvṛttyā bahu-vacanam, nātma-bhedābhiprāyeṇa ||BhGS_2.12||
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tatra katham iva nitya ātmeti dṛṣṭāntam āha -
dehino 'smin yathā dehe kaumāraṃ yauvanaṃ jarā |
tathā dehāntara-prāptir dhīras tatra na muhyati ||BhG_2.13||
deho 'sya astīti dehī, tasya dehino dehavataḥ ātmano 'smin vartamāne dehā yathā yena prakāreṇa kaumāraṃ kumāra-bhāvo bālyāvasthā, yauvanaṃ yūno bhāvo madhyamāvasthā, jarā vayo-hāniḥ jīrṇāvasthā, ity etāḥ tisro 'vasthāḥ anyonya-vilakṣaṇāḥ | tāsāṃ prathamāvasthā-nāśe na nāśaḥ, dvitīyāvasthopajane na upajana ātmanaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ?avikriyasyaiva dvitīya-tṛtīyāvasthā-prāptiḥ ātmano dṛṣṭā | tathā tadvad eva dehād anyo deho dehāntaram, tasya prāptiḥ dehāntara-prāptiḥ avikriyasyaiva ātmana ity arthaḥ | dhīro dhīmān tatraivaṃ sati na muhyati na moham āpadyate ||BhGS_2.13||
============================== yadyapy ātma-vināśa-nimitto moho na saṃbhavati nitya ātmā iti vijānataḥ, tathāpi śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-prāpti-nimitto moho laukiko dṛśyate, sukha-viyoga-nimitto moho duḥkha-saṃyoga-nimitta ca śokaḥ | ity etad arjunasya vacanam āśaṅkaya bhagavān āha -
mātrā-sparśās tu kaunteya śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhadāḥ |
āgamāpāyino 'nityās tāṃs titikṣasva bhārata ||BhG_2.14||
mātrā ābhiḥ mīyante śabdādaya iti śrotrādīni indriyāṇi | mātrāṇāṃ sparśāḥ śabdādibhiḥ saṃyogāḥ | te śītoṣṇasukha-duḥkha-dāḥ śītam uṣṇaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca prayacchantīti | athavā spṛśyanta iti sparśā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ | mātrāś ca sparśāś ca śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ | śītaṃ kadācit sukhaṃ kadācit duḥkham | tathā uṣṇam api aniyata-svarūpam | sukha-duḥkhe punaḥ niyata-rūpe yato na vyabhicarataḥ | atas tābhyāṃ pṛthak śītoṣṇayoḥ grahaṇam | yasmāt te mātrā-sparśādayaḥ āgamāpāyinaḥ āgamāpāyaśīlāḥ tasmāt anityāḥ | ataḥ tān śītoṣṇādīn titikṣasva prasahasva | teṣu harṣaṃ viṣādaṃ vā mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.14||
============================== śītoṣṇādīn sahataḥ kiṃ syād iti śṛṇu ---
yaṃ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣaṃ puruṣarṣabha |
sama-duḥkha-sukhaṃ dhīraṃ so 'mṛtatvāya kalpate ||BhG_2.15||
yaṃ hi puruṣaṃ same duḥkha-sukhe yasya taṃ sama-duḥkha-sukhaṃ sukha-duḥkha-prāptau harṣa-viṣāda-rahitaṃ dhīraṃ dhīmantaṃ na vyathayanti na cālayanti nityātma-darśanāt ete yathoktāḥ śītoṣṇādayaḥ, sa nityātma-svarūpa-darśa-niṣṭho dvandva-sahiṣṇuḥ amṛtatvāya amṛta-bhāvāya mokṣāyety arthaḥ kalpate samartho bhavati ||BhGS_2.15||
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itaś ca śoka-mohau akṛtvā śītoṣṇādi-sahanaṃ yuktam, yasmāt ---
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ |
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo 'ntas tv anayos tattva-darśibhiḥ ||BhG_2.16||
na asato 'vidyamānasya śītoṣṇādeḥ sa-kāraṇasya na vidyate nāsti bhāvo bhavanam astitā ||
na hi śītoṣṇādi sa-kāraṇaṃ pramāṇair nirūpyamāṇaṃ vastu sambhavati | vikāro hi saḥ, vikāraś ca vyabhicarati | yathā ghaṭādi-saṃsthānaṃ cakṣuṣā nirūpyamāṇaṃ mṛd-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | tathā sarvo vikāraḥ kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | janma-pradhvaṃsābhyāṃ prāg ūrdhvaṃ cānupalabdheḥ | kāryasya ghaṭādeḥ mṛd-ādi-kāraṇasya ca tat-kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asattvam ||
tad-asattve sarvābhāva-prasaṅga iti cet, na | sarvatra buddhi-dvayopalabdheḥ, sad-buddhir asad-buddhir iti | yad-viṣayā buddhir na vyabhicarati, tat sat | yad-viṣayā vyabhicarati, tad asat | iti sad-asad-vibhāge buddhi-tantre sthite | sarvatra dve buddhī sarvair upalabhyete samānādhikaraṇe na nīlotpalavat, san ghaṭaḥ san paṭaḥ, san hastī iti | evaṃ sarvatra | tayor buddhyoḥ ghaṭādi-buddhir vyabhicarati | tathā ca darśitam | na tu sad-buddhiḥ | tasmāt ghaṭādi-buddhi-viṣayo 'san, vyabhicārāt | na tu sad-buddhi-viṣayaḥ, avyabhicārāt ||
ghaṭe vinaṣṭe ghaṭa-buddhau vyabhicarantyāṃ sad-buddhir api vyabhicaratīti cet na | paṭād evapi sad-buddhi-darśanāt | viśeṣaṇa-viṣayaiva sā sad-buddhiḥ |
sad-buddhivat ghaṭa-buddhir api ghaṭāntarā dṛśyata iti cet, na | paṭādau adarśanāt ||
sad-buddhir api naṣṭe ghaṭe na dṛśyata iti cet, na | viśeṣyābhāvāt | sad-buddhir viśeṣaṇa-viṣayā satī viśeṣyābhāve viśeṣaṇānupapattau kiṃ-viṣayā syāt ? na tu punaḥ sad-buddheḥ viṣayābhāvāt ||
ekādhikaraṇatvaṃ ghaṭādi-viśeṣyābhāve na yuktam iti cet, na | idam udakam iti marīcy-ādau anyatarābhāve 'pi sāmānādhikaraṇya-darśanāt ||
tasmād dehāder dvandvasya ca sa-kāraṇasya asato na vidyate bhāva iti | tathā sataś ca ātmano 'bhāvo 'vidyamānatā na vidyate, sarvatrāvyabhicārāt ity avocāma ||
evam ātmānātmanoḥ sad-asatoḥ ubhayor api dṛṣṭaḥ upalabdho 'nto nirṇayaḥ sat sad eva, asat asad eveti, tv anayoḥ yathoktayoḥ tattva-darśibhiḥ | tad iti sarva-nāma sarvaṃ ca brahma, tasya nāma tad iti, tad-bhāvas tattvam, brahmaṇo yāthātmyam | tad draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te tattva-darśinaḥ, tais tattva-darśibhiḥ | tvam api tattva-darśināṃ dṛṣṭim āśritya śokaṃ mohaṃ ca hitvā śītoṣṇādīni niyatāniyata-rūpāṇi dvandvāni vikāro 'yam asann eva marīci-jalavan mithyāvabhāsate iti manasi niścitya titikṣasva ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.16||
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kiṃ punas tat yat sad eva sarvadaiva astīti | ucyate ---
avināśi tu tad viddhi yena sarvam idaṃ tatam |
vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati ||BhG_2.17||
avināśi na vinaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yasyeti | tu-śabdo 'sato viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | tat viddhi vijānīhi | kim ? yena sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptaṃ sad-ākhyena brahmaṇā sākāśam, ākāśenaiva ghaṭādayaḥ | vināśam adarśanam abhāvam | avyayasya na vyeti upacayāpacayau na yāti iti avyayaṃ tasya avyayasya | naitat sadākhyaṃ brahma svena rūpeṇa vyeti vyabhicarati, niravayavatvāt, dehādivat | nāpy ātmīyena, ātmīyābhāvāt | yathā devadatto dhana-hānyā vyeti, na tu evaṃ brahma vyeti | ato 'vyayasya asya brahmaṇaḥ vināśaṃ na kaścit kartum arhati, na kaścit atmānaṃ vināśayituṃ śaknoti īśvaro 'pi | ātmā hi brahma, svātmani ca kriyāvirodhāt ||BhGS_2.17||
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kiṃ punas tad asat yat svātma-sattāṃ vyabhicaratīti, ucyate -
antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ |
anāśino 'prameyasya tasmād yudhyasva bhārata ||BhG_2.18||
antaḥ vināśaḥ vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikādau sad-buddhiḥ anuvṛttā pramāṇanirūpaṇānte vicchidyate, sa tasya antaḥ | tathā ime dehāḥ svapnamāyādehādivaca antavantaḥ nityasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravato 'nāśino 'prameyarya ātmano 'ntavanta iti uktāḥ vivekibhirity arthaḥ | nityasya anāśinaḥ iti na punaruktam | nityatvasya dvividhatvāt lokā, nāśasya ca | yathā deho bhasmībhūto 'darśanaṃ gato naṣṭa ucyate | vidyamāno 'pi yathā anyathā pariṇato vyādhyādi-yukto jāto naṣṭa ucyate | tatra nityasya ṭh anāśinaḥ iti dvividhenāpi nāśena asaṃbandho 'syety arthaḥ | anyathā pṛthivyādivad api nityatvaṃ syāt ātmanaḥ | tat mā bhūditi nityasya anāśinaḥ ityāha | aprameyamya na prameyasya pratyakṣādi-pramāṇaiḥ aparicchādyasyety arthaḥ ||
nanu āgamena ātmā paricchidyate, pratyakṣādinā ca pūrvam | na | ātmanaḥ svataḥsiddhatvāt | sirā hi ātmani pramātari pramitsoḥ pramāṇānveṣaṇā bhavati | na hi pūrvam itthamaham iti ātmānamapramāya pa cāt prameyaparicchādāya pravartate | na hi ātmā nāma kasyacit aprasiddho bhavati | śāstraṃ tu antyaṃ pramāṇam atad-dharmādhyāropaṇa-mātra-nivartakatvena pramāṇatvam ātmanaḥ pratipadyate, na hy ajñātārthajñāpakatvena | tathā ca śrutiḥ --- yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1] iti | yasmād evaṃ nityo 'vikriyaś cātmā tasmād yudhyasva, yuddhād uparamaṃ mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ |
na hy atra yuddha-kartavyatā vidhīyate, yuddhe pravṛtta eva hi asau śoka-moha-pratibaddhaḥ tūṣṇīm āste | ataḥ tasya pratibandhāpanayana-mātraṃ bhagavatā kriyate | tasmād yudhyasva iti anuvāda-mātram, na vidhiḥ ||BhGS_2.18||
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śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ gītā-śāstram, na pravartakam ity etasyārthasya sākṣi-bhūte ṛcau ānināya bhagavān | yat tu manyase yuddhā bhīṣmādayo mayā hanyante aham eva teṣāṃ hantā iti, eṣā buddhir mṛṣaiva te | katham ?
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaś cainaṃ manyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate ||BhG_2.19||
ya enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ vetti vijānāti hantāraṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ ya ca enam anyo manyate hataṃ deha-hananena hato 'ham iti hanana-kriyāyāḥ karma-bhūtam | tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ na jñātavantau avivekena ātmānam | hantā ahaṃ, hato 'smy aham iti deha-hananena ātmānam ahaṃ pratyaya-viṣayaṃ yau vijānītaḥ tau ātma-svarūpānabhijñau ity arthaḥ | yasmāt na ayam atmā hanti na hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā bhavati, na ca hanyate na ca karma bhavatīty arthaḥ, avikriyatvāt ||BhGS_2.19||
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katham avikriya ātmeti dvitīyo mantraḥ --
na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin
nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ |
ajo nityaḥ śāśvato 'yaṃ purāṇo
na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre ||BhG_2.20||
na jāyate notpadyate, jani-lakṣaṇā vastu-vikriyā na ātmano vidyate ity arthaḥ | tathā na mriyate vā | vā-śabdaḥ cārthe | na mriyate ca iti antyā vināśa-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | kadācic chabdaḥ sarva-vikriyā-pratiṣedhaiḥ saṃbadhyate -- na kadācit jāyate, na kadācit mriyate, ity evam | yasmāt ayam ātmā bhūtvā bhavana-kriyām anubhūya paścāt abhavitā abhāvaṃ gantā na bhūyaḥ punaḥ, tasmāt na mriyate | yo hi bhūtvā na bhavitā sa mriyata ity ucyate lokā | vā-śabdāt na-śabdāc ca ayam ātmā abhūtvā vā bhavitā dehavat na bhūyaḥ | tasmāt na jāyate | yo hi abhūtvā bhavitā sa jāyata ity ucyate | naivam ātmā | ato na jāyate | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ajaḥ, yasmāt na mriyate tasmāt nityaś ca |
yadyapi ādy-antayor vikriyayoḥ pratiṣedhe sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti, tathāpi madhya-bhāvinīnāṃ vikriyāṇāṃ sva-śabdair eva pratiṣedhaḥ kartavyo 'nuktānām api yauvanādi-samasta-vikriyāṇāṃ pratiṣedho yathā syāt ity āha-- śāśvata ity ādinā | śāśvata iti apakṣaya-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvataḥ | na apakṣīyate svarūpeṇa, niravayavatvāt | nāpi guṇa-kṣayeṇa apakṣayaḥ, nirguṇatvāt | apakṣaya-viparītāpi vṛddhi-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate --- purāṇa iti | yo hi avayavāgamena upacīyate sa vardhate abhinava iti ca ucyate | ayaṃ tu ātmā niravayavatvāt purāpi nava eveti purāṇaḥ na vardhate ity arthaḥ | tathā na hanyate | hantiḥ atra vipariṇāmārthe draṣṭavyo 'punaruktatāyai | na vipariṇamyate ity arthaḥ |
hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne 'pi śarīrāḥ | asmin mantre ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā laukika-vastu-vikriyā ātmani pratiṣidhyante | sarva-prakāra-vikriyā-rahita ātmā iti vākyārthaḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti pūrveṇa mantreṇa asya saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_2.20||
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ya enaṃ vetti hantāram ityanena mantreṇa hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā karma ca na bhavati iti pratijñāya, na jāyate ity anena avikriyatvaṃ hetum uktvā pratijñātārtham upasaṃharati--
vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ ya enam ajam avyayam |
kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam ||BhG_2.21||
veda vijānāti avināśinam antya-bhāva-vikāra-rahitaṃ nityaṃ vipariṇāma-rahitaṃ yo veda iti saṃbandhaḥ | enaṃ pūrveṇa matreṇokta-lakṣaṇam ajaṃ janma-rahitam avyayam apakṣaya-rahitaṃ kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa sa vidvān puruṣo 'dhikṛtaḥ hanti hanana-kriyāṃ karoti, kathaṃ vā ghātayati hantāraṃ prayojayati | na kathaṃcit kaṃcit hanti, na kathaṃcit kaṃcit ghātayati iti ubhayatra ākṣepaḥ evārthaḥ praśnārthāsaṃbhavāt | hetv-arthasya ca avikriyatvasya tulyatvāt viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratiṣedha eva prakaraṇārtho 'bhipreto bhagavatā | hantes tu ākṣepaḥ udāharaṇārthatvena kathitaḥ | viduṣaḥ kaṃ karmāsaṃbhave hetu-viśeṣaṃ paśyan karmāṇy ākṣipati bhagavān kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
nanu ukta evātmano 'vikriyatvaṃ sarva-karmāsaṃbhava-kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ | satyam uktaḥ | na tu sa kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ, anyatvāt viduṣo 'vikriyād ātmanaḥ | na hi avikriyaṃ sthāṇuṃ viditavataḥ karma na saṃbhavati iti cet, na | viduṣaḥ ātmatvāt | na dehādi-saṃghātasya vidvattā | ataḥ pāriśeṣyāt asaṃhata ātmā vidvān avikriyaḥ iti tasya viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhavāt ākṣepo yuktaḥ kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti | yathā buddhyādy āhṛtasya śabdādy-arthasya avikriya eva san buddhi-vṛtty-aviveka-vijñānena avidyayā upalabdhā ātmā kalpyate, evam eva ātmānātma-viveka-jñānena buddhi-vṛttyā vidyā asatya-rūpayaiva paramārthato 'vikriya eva ātmā vidvān ucyate | viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhava-vacanāt yāni karmāṇi śāstreṇa vidhīyante tāni aviduṣo vihitāni iti bhagavato niścayo 'vagamyate ||
nanu vidyāpi aviduṣa eva vidhīyate, vidita-vidyasya piṣṭa-peṣaṇavat vidyā-vidhānānarthakyāt | tatra aviduṣaḥ karmāṇi vidhīyante na viduṣaḥ iti viśeṣo nopapadyate iti cet, na | anuṣṭheyasya bhāvābhāva-viśeṣopapatteḥ | agnihotrādi-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kālam agnihotrādi-karma aneka-sādhanopasaṃhāra-pūrvakam anuṣṭheyaṃ kartā aham, mama kartavyam ity evaṃ prakāra-vijñānavato 'viduṣaḥ yathā anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati, na tu tathā na jāyate ity ādy ātma-svarupa-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kāla-bhāvi kiṃcid anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati | kintu nāhaṃ kartā, nāhaṃ bhoktā ity ādy ātmaikatvākartṛtvādi-viṣaya-jñānāt nānyad utpadyate iti eṣa viśeṣa upapadyate | yaḥ punaḥ kartā aham iti vetti ātmānam, tasya mama idaṃ kartavyam iti avaśyaṃbhāvinī buddhiḥ syāt | tad-apekṣayā so 'dhikriyate iti taṃ prati karmāṇi saṃbhavanti | sa ca avidvān ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti vacanāt viśeṣitasya ca viduṣaḥ karmākṣepa-vacanāt kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
tasmāt viśeṣitasya avikriyātma-darśinaḥ viduṣaḥ mumukṣo ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāraḥ | ata eva bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ sāṃkhyān viduṣo 'viduṣa ca karmiṇaḥ pravibhajya dve niṣṭhe grāhayati-jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti | tathā ca putrāya āha bhagavān vyāsaḥ - dvāv imāv atha panthānau [MahāŚā 241.6] ity ādi | tathā ca kriyā-pathaś caiva purastāt paścāt saṃnyāsaś ca iti | etam eva vibhāgaṃ punaḥ punar darśayiṣyati bhagavān --- atattvavit ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate, tattvavit tu, nāhaṃ karomi iti | tathā ca sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste ityādi ||
tatra kecit paṇḍitaṃ-manyā vadanti --- janmādi-ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikriyā-rahito 'vikriyo 'kartā eko 'ham ātmā iti na kasyacit jñānam utpadyate, yasmin sati sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ upadiśyate iti | tan na | na jāyate ityādi śāstropadeśānarthakya-prasaṅgāt | yathā ca śāstropadeśa-sāmarthyāt dharmādharmāstitva-vijñānaṃ kartuś ca dehāntara-saṃbandha-vijñānam utpadyate, tathā śāstrāt tasyaiva ātmano 'vikriyatvākartṛtvaikatvādi-vijñānaṃ kasmāt notpadyate iti praṣṭavyāḥ te | karaṇāgocaratvāt iti cet, na | manasaivānudraṣṭavyam [BAU 4.4.19] iti śruteḥ | śāstrācāryopadeśa-śama-damādi-saṃskṛtaṃ mana ātma-darśane karaṇam | tathā ca tad adhigamāya anumāne āgame ca sati jñānaṃ notpadyata iti sāhasa-mātram etat | jñānaṃ ca utpadyamānaṃ tad-viparītam ajñānam avaśyaṃ bādhate ity abhyupagantavyam | tac ca ajñānaṃ darśitam hantā aham, hato 'smi iti ubhau tau na vijānīta iti | atra ca ātmanaḥ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartṛtvaṃ karmatvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca ajñāna-kṛtaṃ darśitam | tac ca sarva-kriyāsv api samānaṃ kartṛtvādeḥ avidyā-kṛtatvam avikriyatvāt ātmanaḥ | vikriyāvān hi kartā ātmanaḥ karma-bhūtam anyaṃ prayojayati kuru iti |
tad etat aviśeṣeṇa viduṣaḥ sarva-kriyāsu kartṛtvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān vāsudevo viduṣaḥ karmādhikārābhāva-pradarśanārthaṃ vedāvināśinaṃ, kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ ity ādinā | kva punaḥ viduṣo 'dhikāra iti etad uktaṃ pūrvam eva jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānām iti | tathā ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vakṣyati sarva-karmāṇi manasā ity ādinā ||
nanu manasā iti vacanāt na vācikānāṃ kāyikānā ca saṃnyāsaḥ iti cet, na | sarva-karmāṇi iti viśeṣitatvāt | mānasānām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | mano-vyāpāra-pūrvakatvād vāk-kāya-vyāpārāṇāṃ mano-vyāpārābhāve tad-anupapatteḥ | śāstrīyāṇāṃ vāk-kāya-karmaṇāṃ kāraṇāni mānasāni karmāṇi varjayitvā anyāni sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyed iti cet, na | naiva kurvan na kārayan iti viśeṣaṇāt | sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'yaṃ bhagavatā uktaḥ mariṣyato na jīvata iti cet, na | nava-dvāre pure dehī āste iti viśeṇānupapatteḥ | na hi sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena mṛtasya tad-dehe āsanaṃ saṃbhavati |
akurvato 'kārayata ca dehe saṃnyasya iti saṃbandho na dehe āste iti cet, na | sarvatra ātmano 'vikriyatvāvadhāraṇāt | āsana-kriyāyāś cādhikaraṇāpekṣatvāt | tad-anapekṣatvāc ca saṃnyāsasya | saṃpūrvas tu nyāsa-śabdo 'tra tyāgārthaḥ, na nikṣepārthaḥ | tasmāt gītā-śāstre ātma-jñānavataḥ saṃnyāsa eva adhikāro na karmaṇīti tatra tatra upariṣṭāt ātma-jñāna-prakaraṇe darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||BhGS_2.21||
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prakṛtaṃ tu vakṣyāmaḥ | tatra ātmano 'vināśitvaṃ pratijñātam | tat kim iveti, ucyate -
vāsāṃsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya
navāni gṛhṇāti naro 'parāṇi |
tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni
anyāni saṃyāti navāni dehī ||BhG_2.22||
vāsāṃsi vastrāṇi jīrṇāni durbalatāṃ gatāni yathā loke vihāya parityajya navāni abhinavāni gṛhṇāti upādatte naraḥ puruṣo 'parāṇi anyāni, tathā tadvad eva śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni anyāni saṃyāti saṃgacchati navāni dehī ātmā puruṣavat avikriya evety arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.22||
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kasmāt avikriya eveti, āha ---
nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ |
na cainaṃ kledayanty āpo na śoṣayati mārutaḥ ||BhG_2.23||
enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ na chindanti śastrāṇi, niravayavatvāt nāvayava-vibhāgaṃ kurvanti | śastrāṇi asy-ādīni | tathā nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ, agnir api na bhasmīkaroti | tathā na cainaṃ kledayanti āpaḥ | apāṃ hi sāvayavasya vastuna ādrībhāva-karaṇena avayava-viśleṣāpādane sāmarthyam | tan na niravayave ātmani saṃbhavati | tathā snehavat dravyaṃ sneha-śoṣaṇena nāśayati vāyuḥ | enaṃ tv ātmānaṃ na śoṣayati māruto 'pi ||BhGS_2.23||
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yata evaṃ tasmāt --
acchedyo 'yam adāhyo 'yam akledyo 'śoṣya eva ca |
nityaḥ sarva-gataḥ sthāṇur acalo 'yaṃ sanātanaḥ ||BhG_2.24||
yasmāt anyonya-nāśa-hetu-bhūtāni enam ātmānaṃ nāśayituṃ notsahante asyādīni tasmāt nityaḥ | nityatvāt sarvagataḥ | sarva-gatatvāt sthāṇur iva, sthira ity etat | sthiratvāt acalo 'yam ātmā | ataḥ sanātanaś cirantanaḥ, na kāraṇāt kutaścin niṣpannaḥ, abhinava ity arthaḥ |
naiteṣāṃ lokānāṃ paunaruktyaṃ codanīyam, yataḥ ekenaiva lokān ātmanaḥ nityatvam avikriyatvaṃ coktam na jāyate mriyate vā ity ādinā | tatra yad eva ātma-viṣayaṃ kiṃcid ucyate, tad etasmāt lokārthān nātiricyate | kiṃcic chabdataḥ punaruktam, kiṃcid arthataḥ iti | durbodhatvāt ātma-vastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgam āpādya śabdāntareṇa tad eva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma saṃsāriṇām asaṃsāritva-buddhi-gocaratām āpannaṃ sat avyaktaṃ tattvaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttaye syāt iti ||BhGS_2.24||
============================== kiṃ ca--
avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yam avikāryo 'yam ucyate |
tasmād evaṃ viditvainaṃ nānuśocitum arhasi ||BhG_2.25||
avyaktaḥ sarva-karaṇāviṣayatvāt na vyajyata iti avyakto 'yam ātmā | ataeva acintyo 'yam | yad dhi indriya-gocaras tac cintā-viṣayatvam āpadyate | ayaṃ tv ātmā anindriya-gocaratvāt acintyaḥ | ataeva avikāryaḥ, yathā kṣīraṃ dadhyātañcanādinā vikāri na tathā ayam ātmā | niravayavatvāc cāvikriyaḥ | na hi niravayavaṃ kiṃcit vikriyātmakaṃ dṛṣṭām | avikriyatvāt avikāryo 'yam ātmā ucyate | tasmāt evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa enam ātmānaṃ viditvā tvaṃ na anuśocitum arhasi hantāham eṣām, mayaite hanyanta iti ||BhGS_2.25||
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ātmano 'nityatvam abhyupagamya idam ucyate ---
atha cainaṃ nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam |
tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhG_2.26||
atha ca iti abhyupagamārthaḥ | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ nitya-jātaṃ loka-prasiddhayā praty aneka-śarīrotpatti jāto jāta iti manyase | tathā prati-tat-tad-vināśaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtaṃ mṛto mṛta iti | tathāpi tathābhāve 'py ātmani tvaṃ mahābāho, na evaṃ śocitum arhasi, janmavato nāśo nāśavato janma cety etāv avaśyaṃbhāvināv iti ||BhGS_2.26||
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tathā ca sati--
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca |
tasmād aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhG_2.27||
jātasya hi labdha-janmanaḥ dhruvo 'vyabhicārī mṛtyur maraṇaṃ dhruva janma mṛtasya ca | tasmād aparihāryo 'yaṃ janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇo 'rthaḥ | tasminn aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhGS_2.27||
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kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-kānyapi bhūtāny uddiśya śoko na yuktaḥ kartum, yataḥ-
avyaktādīni bhūtāni vyakta-madhyāni bhārata |
avyakta-nidhanāny eva tatra kā paridevanā ||BhG_2.28||
avyaktādīny avyaktam adarśanam anupalabdhiḥ ādir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ putra-mitrādi-kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātmakānāṃ tāni avyaktadīni bhūtāni prāg-utpatteḥ, utpannāni ca prāṅ-maraṇāt vyakta-madhyāni | avyakta-nidhanāny eva punar avyaktam adarśanaṃ nidhanaṃ maraṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyakta-nidhanāni | maraṇād ūrdhvam apy avyaktatām eva pratipadyante ity arthaḥ | tathā coktam ---
adarśanād āpatitaḥ punaś cādarśanaṃ gataḥ | nāsau tava na tasya tvaṃ vṛthā kā paridevanā || [Mahā. Strī. 2.13] iti |
tatra kā paridevanā ko vā pralāpo 'dṛṣṭa-dṛṣṭa-pranaṣṭa-bhrānti-bhūteṣu bhūteṣv ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.28||
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durvijñeyo 'thaṃ prakṛta ātmā | kiṃ tvāmevaikamupālabhe sādhāraṇe bhrāntinimitte | kathaṃ durvijñeyo 'yamātmā ityata āha ---
āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam
āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ |
āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti
śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścit ||BhG_2.29||
āścaryavat āścaryam adṛṣṭa-pūrvam adbhutam akasmād dṛśyamānaṃ tena tulyaṃ āścaryavat āścaryam iva enam ātmānaṃ paśyati kaścit | āścaryavad enaṃ vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavac ca enam anyaḥ sṛṇoti | śrutvā dṛṣṭvā uktvāpi enam ātmānaṃ veda na caiva kaścit | athavā yo 'yam ātmānaṃ paśyati sa āścarya-tulyaḥ, yo vadati ya ca sṛṇoti so 'neka-sahasreṣu kaścid eva bhavati | ato durbodha ātmā ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.29||
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athedānīṃ prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharan brūte -
dehī nityam avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe sarvasya bhārata |
tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhG_2.30||
dehī śarīrī nityaṃ sarvadā sarvāvasthāsu avadhyaḥ niravayavatvān nityatvāc ca | tatra avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe śarīre sarvasya sarva-gatatvāt sthāvarādiṣu sthito 'pi sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya dehe vadhyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī na vadhyo yasmāt, tasmād bhīṣmādīni sarvāṇi bhūtāni uddiśya na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhGS_2.30||
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iha paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyāṃ śoko moho vā na saṃbhavatīty uktam | na kevalaṃ paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyām eva, kiṃ tu ---
sva-dharmam api cāvekṣya na vikampitum arhasi |
dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate ||BhG_2.31||
svadharmam api svo dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ tam api avekṣya tvaṃ na vikampituṃ pracalitum nārhasi kṣatriyasya svābhāvikād dharmād ātma-svābhāvyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | tac ca yuddhaṃ pṛthivī-jaya-dvāreṇa dharmārthaṃ prajā-rakṣaṇārthaṃ ceti dharmād anapetaṃ paraṃ dharmyam | tasmād dharmyād yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate hi yasmāt ||BhGS_2.31||
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kutaś ca tat yuddhaṃ kartavyam iti, ucyate ---
yadṛcchayā copapannaṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam |
sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddham īdṛśam ||BhG_2.32||
yadṛcchayā ca aprārthitatayā upapannam āgataṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam udghāṭitaṃ ya etad īdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante kṣatriyāḥ he pārtha, kiṃ na sukhinas te ? ||BhGS_2.32||
============================== etaṃ kartavyatā-prāptam api -
atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi |
tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi ||BhG_2.33||
atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ vihitaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ yuddhaṃ na kariṣyasi cet, tataḥ tad-akaraṇāt svadharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca mahā-devādi-samāgama-nimittāṃ hitvā kevalaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi ||BhGS_2.33||
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na kevalaṃ svadharma-kīrti-parityāgaḥ -
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te 'vyayām |
saṃbhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate ||BhG_2.34||
akīrtiṃ cāpi yuddhā bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te tava avyayāṃ dīrgha-kālām | dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate, saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrteḥ varaṃ maraṇam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.34||
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kiṃ ca--
bhayād raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyante tvāṃ mahārathāḥ |
yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ bahumato bhūtvā yāsyasi lāghavam ||BhG_2.35||
bhayāt karṇādibhyaḥ raṇāt yuddhāt uparataṃ nivṛttaṃ maṃsyante cintayiṣyanti na kṛpayeti tvāṃ mahārathāḥ duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ | yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ bahu-mato bahubhir guṇair yuktaḥ ity evaṃ mataḥ bahumato bhūtvā punar yāsyasi lāghavaṃ laghu-bhāvam ||BhGS_2.35||
============================== kiṃ ca --
avācya-vādāṃś ca bahūn vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ |
nindantas tava sāmarthyaṃ tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim ||BhG_2.36||
avācya-vādān avaktavya-vādāṃś ca bahūn aneka-prakārān vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ śatravaḥ nindantaḥ kutsayantaḥ tava tvadīyaṃ sāmarthyaṃ nivāta-kavacādi-yuddha-nimittam | tatas tasmāt nindā-prāpter duḥkhāt duḥkhataraṃ nu kim ? tataḥ kaṣṭataraṃ duḥkhaṃ nāstīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.36||
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yurā punaḥ kriyamāṇe karṇādibhiḥ-
hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm |
tasmād uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛta-niścayaḥ ||BhG_2.37||
hato vā prāpsyasi svargam, hataḥ san svargaṃ prāpsyasi | jitvā vā karṇādīn śūrān bhokṣyase mahīm | ubhayathāpi tava lābha evety abhiprāyaḥ | yata evaṃ tasmāt uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtāni ca yaḥ jeṣyāmi śatrūn, mariṣyāmi vā iti niścayaṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.37||
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tatra yuddhaṃ svadharma ity evaṃ yudhyamānasyopadeśam imaṃ sṛṇu -
sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau |
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi ||BhG_2.38||
sukha-duḥkhe same tulye kṛtvā, rāga-dveṣāv apy akṛtvety etat | tathā lābhālābhau jayājayau ca samau kṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | na evaṃ yuddhaṃ kurvan pāpam avāpsyasi | ity eṣa upadeśaḥ prāsaṅgikaḥ ||BhGS_2.38||
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śoka-mohāpanayanāya laukiko nyāyaḥ svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity ādyaiḥ lokair uktaḥ, na tu tātparyeṇa | paramārtha-darśanam iha prakṛtam | tac coktam upasaṃhriyate -- eṣā te 'bhihitā iti śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāga-pradarśanāya | iha hi pradarśite punaḥ śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāge upariṣṭāt jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti niṣṭhā-dvaya-viṣayaṃ śāstraṃ sukhaṃ pravartiṣyate, śrotāraś ca viṣaya-vibhāgena sukhaṃ grahīṣyanti ity ata āha ---
eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu |
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi ||BhG_2.39||
eṣā te tubhyam abhihitā uktā sāṃkhye paramārtha-vastu-viveka-viṣaye buddhir jñānaṃ sākṣāt śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-hetu-doṣa-nivṛtti-kāraṇam | yoge tu tat-prāpty-upāye niḥsaṅgatayā dvandva-prahāṇa-pūrvakam īśvarārādhanārthe karma-yoge karmānuṣṭhāne samādhi-yoge cemām anantaram evocyamānāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | tāṃ ca buddhiṃ stauti prarocanārtham -- buddhyā yayā yoga-viṣayayā yuktaḥ | he pārtha, karma-bandhaṃ karmaiva dharmādharmākhyo bandhaḥ karma-bandhas taṃ prahāsyasi īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāpter ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.39||
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kiṃ cānyat --
nehābhikrama-nāśo 'sti pratyavāyo na vidyate |
svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ||BhG_2.40||
neha mokṣa-mārge karma-yoge abhikrama-nāśo 'bhikramaṇam abhikramaḥ prārambhas tasya nāśo nāsti yathā kṛṣyādeḥ | yoga-viṣaye prārambhasya na anaikāntika-phalatvam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca nāpi cikitsāvat pratyavāyo vidyate bhavati | kiṃ tu svalpam api asya dharmasya yoga-dharmasya anuṣṭhitaṃ trāyate rakṣati mahataḥ bhayāt saṃsāra-bhayāt janma-maraṇādi-lakṣaṇāt ||BhGS_2.40||
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yeyaṃ sāṃkhye buddhir uktā yoge ca, vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇā sā -
vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekeha kuru-nandana |
bahu-śākhā hy anantāś ca buddhayo 'vyavasāyinām ||BhG_2.41||
vyavasāyātmikā niścaya-svabhāvā ekā eva buddhir itara-viparīta-buddhi-śākhā-bhedasya vādhikā, samyak-pramāṇa-janitatvāt, iha śreyo-mārge | he kurunandana ! yāḥ punar itarā viparīta-buddhayaḥ, yāsāṃ śākhā-bheda-pracāra-vaśāt ananto 'pāro 'nuparataḥ saṃsāro nitya-pratato vistīrṇo bhavati, pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-nimitta-vaśāc ca uparatāsv ananta-bheda-buddhiṣu saṃsāro 'py uparamate tā buddhayo bahu-śākhāḥ bahvvayaḥ śākhāḥ yāsāṃ tāḥ bahu-śākhāḥ, bahu-bhedā ity etat | pratiśākhā-bhedena hy anantā ca buddhayaḥ | keṣām ? avyavasāyināṃ pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-rahitānām ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.41||
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yeṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir nāsti te--
yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ pravadanty avipaścitaḥ |
veda-vāda-ratāḥ pārtha nānyad astīti vādinaḥ ||BhG_2.42||
yām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ puṣpitāṃ puṣpita iva vṛkṣaḥ śobhamānāṃ śrūyamāṇa-ramaṇīyāṃ vācaṃ vākya-lakṣaṇāṃ pravadanti | ke ? avipaścito 'medhaso 'vivekina ity arthaḥ | veda-vāda-ratāḥ bahvy-artha-vāda-phala-sādhana-prakāśakeṣu veda-vākyeṣu ratāḥ he pārtha, na anyat svarga-prāpty-ādi-phala-sādhanebhyaḥ karmabhyo 'sti ity evaṃ vādinaḥ vadana-śīlāḥ ||BhGS_2.42||
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te ca --
kāmātmānaḥ svarga-parā janma-karma-phala-pradām |
kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati ||BhG_2.43||
kāmātmānaḥ kāmasvabhāvāḥ, kāmaparā ity arthaḥ | svarga-parāḥ svargaḥ paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ yeṣāṃ te svarga-parāḥ svarga-pradhānāḥ | janma-karma-phala-pradāṃ karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ karma-phalaṃ janmaiva karma-phalaṃ janma-karma-phalaṃ tat pradadātīti janma-karma-phala-pradā, tāṃ vācam | pravadanti ity anuṣajyate | kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ kriyāṇāṃ viśeṣāḥ kriyā-viśeṣāḥ te bahulā yasyāṃ vāci tāṃ svarga-paśu-putrādy-arthāḥ yayā vācā bāhulyena prakāśyante | bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati bhogaś ca aiśvaryaṃ ca bhogaiśvarye, tayor gatiḥ prāptiḥ bhogaiśvarya-gatiḥ, tāṃ prati sādhana-bhūtāḥ ye kriyā-viśeṣāḥ tad-bahulāṃ tāṃ vācaṃ pravadantaḥ mūḍhāḥ saṃsāre parivartante ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.43||
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teṣāṃ ca -
bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ tayāpahṛta-cetasām |
vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate ||BhG_2.44||
bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ bhogaḥ kartavyaḥ caiśvaryaṃ ca iti bhogaiśvaryayor eva praṇayavatāṃ tad-ātma-bhūtānām | tayā kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulayā vācā apahṛta-cetasām ācchādita-viveka-prajñānāṃ vyavasāyātmikā sāṃkhye yoge vā buddhiḥ samādhau samādhīyate asmin puruṣopabhogāya sarvam iti samādhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṃ buddhiḥ tasmin samādhau, na vidhīyate na bhavati ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.44||
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ya evaṃ viveka-buddhi-rahitāḥ teṣāṃ kāmātmanāṃ yat phalaṃ tad āha -
traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna |
nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho niryoga-kṣema ātmavān ||BhG_2.45||
traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ traiguṇyaṃ saṃsāro viṣayaḥ prakāśayitavyaḥ yeṣāṃ te vedāḥ traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ | tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava arjuna, niṣkāmo bhava ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvaḥ sukha-duḥkha-hetū sa-pratipakṣau padārthau dvandva-śabda-vācyau | tataḥ nirgataḥ nirdvandvo bhava | nitya-sattva-sthaḥ sadā sattva-guṇāśrito bhava | tathā niryoga-kṣemo 'nupāttasya upādānaṃ yogaḥ, upāttasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaḥ, yoga-kṣema-pradhānasya śreyasi pravṛttir duṣkarā ity ataḥ niryoga-kṣemo bhava | ātmavān apramattaś ca bhava | eṣa tava upadeśaḥ sva-dharmam anutiṣṭhataḥ ||BhGS_2.45||
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sarveṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yāny uktāny anantāni phalāni tāni nāpekṣyante cet, kim arthaṃ tāni īśvarāyety anuṣṭhīyante ity ucyate | sṛṇu -
yāvān artha udapāne sarvataḥ saṃplutodake |
tāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vijānataḥ ||BhG_2.46||
yathā loke kūpa-taḍāgādy-anekasmin udapāne paricchinnodake yāvān yāvat-parimāṇaḥ snāna-pānādir arthaḥ phalaṃ prayojanaṃ sa sarvo 'rthaḥ sarvataḥ saṃplutodake 'pi yo 'rthaḥ tāvān eva saṃpadyate, tatra antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ tāvān tāvat-parimāṇa eva saṃpadyate sarveṣu vedeṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yo 'rthaḥ yat karma-phalaṃ so 'rthaḥ brāhmaṇasya saṃnyāsinaḥ paramārtha-tattvaṃ vijānataḥ yo 'rthaḥ yat vijñāna-phalaṃ sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyaṃ tasmin tāvān eva saṃpadyate tatraivāntarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.2] iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilam iti ca vakṣyati | tasmāt prāk jñāna-niṣṭhādhikāra-prāpteḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtena kūpa-taḍāgādy-artha-sthānīyam api karma kartavyam ||BhGS_2.46||
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tava ca -
karmaṇy evādhikāras te mā phaleṣu kadācana |
mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi ||BhG_2.47||
karmaṇy evādhikāro na jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ te tava | tatra ca karma kurvataḥ mā phaleṣu adhikāro 'stu, karma-phala-tṛṣṇā mā bhūt kadācana kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyām ity arthaḥ | yadā karma-phale tṛṣṇā te syāt tadā karma-phala-prāpter hetuḥ syāḥ, evaṃ mā karma-phala-hetuḥ bhūḥ | yadā hi karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktaḥ karmaṇi pravartate tadā karma-phalasyaiva janmano hetur bhavet | yadi karma-phalaṃ neṣyate, kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkha-rūpeṇa ? iti mā te tava saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi akaraṇe prītir mā bhūt ||BhGS_2.47||
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yadi karma-phala-prayuktena na kartavyaṃ karma, kathaṃ tarhi kartavyam iti | ucyate -
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya |
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||BhG_2.48||
yoga-sthaḥ san kuru karmāṇi kevalam īśvarārtham | tatrāpīśvaro me tuṣyatu iti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya | phala-tṛṣṇā-śūnyena kriyamāṇe karmaṇi sattva-śuddhijā jñāna-prāpti-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tad-viparyayajā asiddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhy-asiddhyor api samaḥ tulyo bhūtvā kuru karmāṇi | ko 'sau yogo yatra-sthaḥ kuru ity uktam ? idam eva tat --- siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||BhGS_2.48||
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yat punaḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmoktam, etasmāt karmaṇaḥ --
dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya |
buddhau śaraṇam anviccha kṛpaṇāḥ phala-hetavaḥ ||BhG_2.49||
dūreṇa ativiprakarṣeṇa atyantam eva hy avaram adhamaṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ karma phalārthinā kriyamāṇaṃ buddhi-yogāt samatva-buddhi-yuktāt karmaṇaḥ, janma-maraṇādi-hetutvāt | he dhanaṃjaya, yata evaṃ tataḥ yoga-viṣayāyāṃ buddhau tat-paripāka-jāyāṃ vā sāṃkhya-buddhau śaraṇam āśrayam abhaya-prāpti-kāraṇam anviccha prārthayasva, paramārtha-jñāna-śaraṇo bhavety arthaḥ | yato 'varaṃ karma kurvāṇāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ dīnāḥ phala-hetavaḥ phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktāḥ santaḥ, yo vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgy aviditvāsmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_2.49||
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samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ san svadharmam anutiṣṭhan yat phalaṃ prāpnoti tac chṛṇu --
buddhi-yukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte |
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam ||BhG_2.50||
buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-samatva-viṣayayā buddhyā yukto buddhi-yuktaḥ saḥ jahāti parityajati iha asmin loke ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte puṇya-pāpe sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa yataḥ, tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | yogo hi karmasu kauśalam sva-dharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-buddhir īśvarārpita-cetastayā tat kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvaḥ | tad dhi kauśalaṃ yad bandhana-svabhāvāny api karmāṇi samatva-buddhyā svabhāvān nivartante | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yukto bhava tvam ||BhGS_2.50||
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yasmāt -
karmajaṃ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ |
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam ||BhG_2.51||
karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭa-deha-prāptiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ karmabhyo jātaṃ buddhi-yuktāḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktāḥ santaḥ hi yasmāt phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya manīṣiṇaḥ jñānino bhūtvā, janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ janmaiva bandhaḥ janma-bandhaḥ tena vinirmuktāḥ jīvanta eva janma-bandhāt vinirmuktāḥ santaḥ, padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇoḥ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti anāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitam ity arthaḥ | athavā buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya ity ārabhya paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇaiva sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyā karma-yogaja-sattva-śuddha-janitā buddhir darśitā, sākṣāt-sukṛta-duṣkṛta-prahāṇādi-hetutva-śravaṇāt ||BhGS_2.51||
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yogānuṣṭhāna-janita-sattva-śuddhajā buddhiḥ kadā prāpsyate ity ucyate ---
yadā te moha-kalilaṃ buddhir vyatitariṣyati |
tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca ||BhG_2.52||
yadā yasmin kāle te tava moha-kalilaṃ mohātmakam aviveka-rūpaṃ kāluṣyaṃ yena ātmānātma-viveka-bodhaṃ kaluṣīkṛtya viṣayaṃ pratyantaḥ-karaṇaṃ pravartate, tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati, atiśuddha-bhāvam āpātryate ity arthaḥ | tadā tasmin kāle gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṃ śrutaṃ ca te niṣphalaṃ pratibhātīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.52||
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moha-kalilātyaya-dvāreṇa labdhātma-vivekaja-prajñaḥ kadā karma-yogajaṃ phalaṃ paramārtha-yogam avāpsyāmīti cet, tat sṛṇu --
śruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā |
samādhāv acalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasyi ||BhG_2.53||
śruti-vipratinnā aneka-sādhya-sādhana-saṃbandha-prakāśana-śrutibhiḥ śravaṇaiḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaiḥ vipratipannā nānā-pratinnā vikṣiptā satī te tava buddhir yadā yasmin kāle sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati niścalā vikṣepa-calana-varjitā satī samādhau, samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhir ātmā, tasmin ātmani ity etat | acalā tatrāpi vikalpa-varjitā ity etat | buddhir antaḥkaraṇam | tadā tasmin kāle yogam avāpsyasi viveka-prajñāṃ samādhiṃ prāpsyasi ||BhGS_2.53||
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praśnabījaṃ pratilabhya arjuna uvācalabdhasamādhiprajñasya lakṣaṇabubhutsayā --- arjuna uvāca-
arjuna uvāca
sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā samādhi-sthasya keśava |
sthita-dhīḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta kim āsīta vrajeta kim ||BhG_2.54||
sthitā pratiṣṭhitā aham asmi paraṃ brahma iti prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñas tasya sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā kiṃ bhāṣaṇaṃ vacanaṃ katham asau parair bhāṣyate samādhi-sthasya samādhau sthitasya he keśava | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajñaḥ svayaṃ vā kiṃ prabhāṣeta | kim āsīta vrajeta kim āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ vā tasya katham ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam anena lokena pṛcchayate ||BhGS_2.54||
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yo hy ādita eva saṃnyasya karmāṇi jñāna-yoga-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛttaḥ, yaś ca karma-yogena, tayoḥ prajahāti ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇaṃ sādhanaṃ copadiśyate | sarvatraiva hi adhyātma-śāstre kṛtārtha-lakṣaṇāni yāni tāny eva sādhanāni upadiśyante, yatna-sādhyatvāt | yāni yatna-sādhyāni sādhanāni lakṣaṇāni ca bhavanti tāni śrī-bhagavān uvāca--
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha mano-gatān |
ātmany evātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthita-prajñas tadocyate ||BhG_2.55||
prajahāti prakarṣeṇa jahāti parityajati yadā yasmin kāle sarvān samastān kāmān icchā-bhedān he pārtha, mano-gatān manasi praviṣṭāan hṛdi praviṣṭān | sarva-kāma-parityāge tuṣṭi-kāraṇābhāvāt śarīra-dhāraṇa-nimitta-śeṣe ca sati unmatta-pramattasyeva pravṛttiḥ prāptā, ity ata ucyate --- ātmany eva pratyag-ātma-svarūpe eva ātmanā svenaiva bāhya-lābha-nirapekṣas tuṣṭāḥ paramārtha-darśanāmṛta-rasa-lābhena anyasmād alaṃ-pratyayavān sthita-prajñaḥ sthitā pratiṣṭhitā ātmānātma-vivekajā prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñaḥ vidvān tadā ucyate | tyakta-putra-vitta-lokaiṣaṇaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmārāma ātma-krīḍāḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.55||
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kiṃ ca --
duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣu vigata-spṛhaḥ |
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ sthita-dhīr munir ucyate ||BhG_2.56||
duḥkheṣv ādhyātmikādiṣu prāpteṣu na udvignaṃ na prakṣubhitaṃ duḥkha-prāptau mano yasya so 'yam anudvigna-manāḥ | tathā sukheṣu prāpteṣu vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya, na agnir iva indhanādy-ādhāne sukhāny anu vivardhate sa vigata-spṛhaḥ | vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ rāga ca bhayaṃ ca krodha ca vītā vigatā yasmāt sa vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajño muniḥ saṃnyāsī tadā ucyate ||BhGS_2.56||
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kiṃ ca--
yaḥ sarvatrānabhisnehas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubham |
nābhinandati na dveṣṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhG_2.57||
yaḥ muniḥ sarvatra deha-jīvitādiṣv api anabhisneho 'bhisneha-varjitas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubhaṃ tat tat śubhaṃ aśubhaṃ vā labdhvā nābhinandati na dveṣṭi śubhaṃ prāpya na tuṣyati na hṛṣyati, aśubhaṃ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi ity arthaḥ | tasya evaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-varjitasya vivekajā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā bhavati ||BhGS_2.57||
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kiṃ ca --
yadā saṃharate cāyaṃ kūrmo 'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhG_2.58||
yadā saṃharate samyag upasaṃharate cāyaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛtto yatiḥ kūrmo 'ṅgāni iva yathā kūrmo bhayāt svāny aṅgāni upasaṃharati sarvaśaḥ sarvataḥ, evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ity uktārthaṃ vākyam ||BhGS_2.58||
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tatra viṣayān anāharataḥ āturasyāpi indriyāṇi kūrmāṅgānīva saṃhriyante na tu tad-viṣayo rāgaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃhriyate ity ucyate -
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ |
rasa-varjaṃ raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ||BhG_2.59||
yadyapi viṣayāḥ viṣayopalakṣitāni viṣaya-śabda-vācyāni indriyāṇi nirāhārasya anāhriyamāṇa-viṣayasya kaṣṭe tapasi sthitasya mūrkhasyāpi vinivartante dehino dehavataḥ rasa-varjaṃ raso rāgo viṣayeṣu yas taṃ varjayitvā | rasa-śabdo rāge prasiddhaḥ, sva-rasena pravṛttaḥ rasikaḥ rasajñaḥ, ity ādi-darśanāt | so 'pi raso rañjana-rūpaḥ sūkṣmo 'sya yateḥ paraṃ paramārtha-tattvaṃ brahma dṛṣṭvā upalabhya aham eva tat iti vartamānasya nivartate nirbījaṃ viṣaya-vijñānaṃ saṃpadyate ity arthaḥ | nāsati samyag-darśane rasasya ucchedaḥ | tasmāt samyag-darśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṃ kartavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.59||
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samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇa-prajñā-sthairyaṃ cikīrṣatā ādau indriyāṇi sva-vaśe sthāpayitavyāni, yasmāt tad-anavasthāpane doṣam āha ---
yatato hy api kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ |
indriyāṇi pramāthīni haranti prasabhaṃ manaḥ ||BhG_2.60||
yatataḥ prayatnaṃ kurvataḥ hi yasmāt kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ medhāvino 'pi iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | indriyāṇi pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni viṣayābhimukhaṃ hi puruṣaṃ vikṣobhayanti ākulīkurvanti, ākulīkṛtya ca haranti prasabhaṃ prasahya prakāśam eva paśyato viveka-vijñāna-yuktaṃ manaḥ ||BhGS_2.60||
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yatas tasmāt--
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ |
vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhG_2.61||
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya saṃyamanaṃ vaśīkaraṇaṃ kṛtvā yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san āsīta mat-paro 'haṃ vāsudevaḥ sarva-pratyag-ātmā paro yasya sa mat-paraḥ, nānyo 'haṃ tasmāt ity āsīta ity arthaḥ | evam āsīnasya yater vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi vartante abhyāsa-balāt tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhGS_2.61||
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athedānīṃ parābhaviṣyataḥ sarvānartha-mūlam idam ucyate --
dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ saṅgas teṣūpajāyate |
saṅgāt saṃjāyate kāmaḥ kāmāt krodho 'bhijāyate ||BhG_2.62||
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ |
smṛti-bhraṃśād buddhi-nāśo buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati ||BhG_2.63||
dhyāyataś cintayato viṣayāt śabdādīn viṣaya-viśeṣān ālocayataḥ puṃsaḥ puruṣasya saṅgaḥ āsaktiḥ prītis teṣu viṣayeṣu upajāyate utpadyate | saṅgāt prīteḥ saṃjāyate samutpadyate kāmas tṛṣṇā | kāmāt kutaścit pratihatāt krodho 'bhijāyate |
krodhād bhavati saṃmoho 'vivekaḥ kāryākārya-viṣayaḥ | kruddho hi saṃmūḍhaḥ san gurum apy ākrośati | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadeśāhita-saṃskāra-janitāyāḥ smṛte syāt vibhramo bhraṃśaḥ smṛty-utpatti-nimitta-prāptau anutpattiḥ | tataḥ smṛti-bhraṃśāt buddhi-nāśaḥ buddhi-nāśaḥ | kāryākārya-viṣaya-vivekāyogyatā antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśa ucyate | buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati | tāvad eva hi puruṣaḥ yāvad antaḥkaraṇaṃ tadīyaṃ kāryākārya-viṣaya-viveka-yogyam | tad-ayogyatve naṣṭa eva puruṣo bhavati | ataḥ tasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati puruṣārthāyogyo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.62-63||
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sarvānarthasya mūlamuktaṃ viṣayābhidhyānam | atha idānīṃ mokṣakāraṇamidamucyate --
rāga-dveṣa-viyuktais tu viṣayān indriyaiś caran |
ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā prasādam adhigacchati ||BhG_2.64||
rāga-dveṣa-viyuktai rāgaś ca dveṣaś ca rāga-dveṣau, tat-puraḥsarā hi indriyāṇāṃ pravṛttiḥ svābhāvikī, tatra yo mumukṣuḥ bhavati saḥ tābhyāṃ viyuktaiḥ śrotrādibhir indriyair viṣayān avarjanīyān caran upalabhamānaḥ ātma-vaśyair ātmano vaśyāni vaśībhūtāni indriyāṇi tair ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā icchātaḥ vidheya ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ prasādam adhigacchati | prasādaḥ prasannatā svāsthyam ||BhGS_2.64||
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prasāde sati kiṃ syāt ity ucyate -
prasāde sarva-duḥkhānāṃ hānir asyopajāyate |
prasanna-cetaso hy āśu buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ||BhG_2.65||
prasāde sarva-duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnāṃ hānir vināśo 'sya yater upajāyate | kiṃ ca - prasanna-cetasaḥ svasthāntaḥ-karaṇasya hi yasmāt āśu śīghraṃ buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ākāśam iva pari samantāt avatiṣṭhate, ātma-svarūpeṇaiva niścalībhavatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ prasanna-cetaso 'vasthita-buddhiḥ kṛta-kṛtyatā yataḥ, tasmāt rāga-dveṣa-viyuktair indriyaiḥ śāstrā-viruddheṣu avarjanīyeṣu yuktaḥ samācaret iti vākyārthaḥ ||BhGS_2.65||
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seyaṃ prasannatā stūyate --
nāsti buddhirayuktasya na cāyuktasya bhāvanā |
na cābhāvayataḥ śāntir aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ||BhG_2.66||
nāsti na vidyate na bhavatīty arthaḥ, buddhiḥ ātma-svarūpa-viṣayā ayuktasya asamāhitāntaḥ-karaṇasya | na ca asti ayuktasya bhāvanā ātma-jñānābhiniveśaḥ | tathā -- na cāsty abhāvayata ātma-jñānābhiniveśam akurvataḥ śāntir upaśamaḥ | aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ? indriyāṇāṃ hi viṣaya-sevā-tṛṣṇātaḥ nivṛttir yā tat-sukham, na viṣaya-viṣayā tṛṣṇā | duḥkham eva hi sā | na tṛṣṇāyāṃ satyāṃ sukhasya gandha-mātram apy upapadyate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.66||
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ayuktasya kasmād buddhir nāsti ity ucyate -
indriyāṇāṃ hi caratāṃ yan mano 'nuvidhīyate |
tad asya harati prajñāṃ vāyur nāvam ivāmbhasi ||BhG_2.67||
indriyāṇāṃ hi yasmāt caratāṃ sva-sva-viṣayeṣu pravartamānānāṃ yat mano 'nuvidhīyate anupravartate tat indriya-viṣaya-vikalpanena pravṛttaṃ mano 'sya yateḥ harati prajñām ātmānātma-vivekajāṃ nāśayati | katham ? vāyuḥ nāvam iva ambhasi udake jigamiṣatāṃ mārgāduddhṛtya unmārge yathā vāyuḥ nāvaṃ pravartayati, evam ātma-viṣayāṃ prajñāṃ hṛtvā mano viṣaya-viṣayāṃ karoti ||BhGS_2.67||
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yatato hi ity upanyastasyārthasya anekadhā upapattim uktvā taṃ cārtham upapādya upasaṃharati ---
tasmād yasya mahābāho nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhG_2.68||
indriyāṇāṃ pravṛttau doṣa upapādito yasmāt tasmāt yasya yateḥ he mahābāho, nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ mānasādi-bhedaiḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhGS_2.68||
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yo 'yaṃ laukiko vaidika ca vyavahāraḥ sa utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sthita-prajñasya avidyākāryatvāt avidyā-nivṛttau nivartate, avidyāyā ca vidyā-virodhāt nivṛttiḥ, ity etam arthaṃ sphuṭīkurvann āha ---
yā niśā sarva-bhūtānāṃ tasyāṃ jāgarti saṃyamī |
yasyāṃ jāgrati bhūtāni sā niśā paśyato muneḥ ||BhG_2.69||
yā niśā rātriḥ sarva-padārthānām aviveka-karī tamaḥ-svabhāvatvāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām | kiṃ tat paramārtha-tattvaṃ sthita-prajñasya viṣayaḥ | yathā naktaṃ-carāṇām ahar eva sad anyeṣāṃ niśā bhavati, tadvat naktaṃ-cara-sthānīyānām ajñānāṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśeva niśā paramārtha-tattvam, agocaratvād atad-buddhīnām | tasyāṃ paramārtha-tattva-lakṣaṇāyām ajñāna-nidrāyāḥ prabuddho jāgarti saṃyamī saṃyamavān, jitendriyo yogīty arthaḥ | yasyāṃ grāhya-grāhaka-bheda-lakṣaṇāyām avidyā-niśāyāṃ prasuptāny eva bhūtāni jāgrati iti ucyante, yasyāṃ niśāyāṃ prasuptā iva svapna-dṛśaḥ, sā niśā avidyā-rūpatvāt paramārtha-tattvaṃ paśyato muneḥ |
ataḥ karmāṇi avidyāvasthāyām eva codyante, na vidyāvasthāyām | vidyāyāṃ hi satyām udite savitari śārvaram iva tamaḥ praṇāśam upagacchati avidyā | prāk vidyotpatteḥ avidyā pramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇā kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-rūpā satī sarva-karma-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | na apramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇāyāḥ karma-hetutvopapattiḥ, pramāṇa-bhūtena vedena mama coditaṃ kartavyaṃ karma iti hi karmaṇi kartā pravartate, na avidyā-mātram idaṃ sarvaṃ bheda-jātam iti jñānaṃ tasya ātmajñasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāro na pravṛttau | tathā ca darśayiṣyati --- tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānaḥ ity ādinā jñāna-niṣṭhāyām eva tasya adhikāram |
tatrāpi pravartaka-pramāṇābhāve pravṛtty-anupapattiḥ iti cet, na | svātma-viṣayatvād ātma-vijñānasya | na hy ātmanaḥ svātmani pravartaka-pramāṇāpekṣatā, ātmatvād eva | tad-antatvāc ca sarva-pramāṇānāṃ pramāṇatvasya | na hy ātma-svarūpādhigame sati punaḥ pramāṇa-prameya-vyavahāraḥ saṃbhavati | pramātṛtvaṃ hy ātmanaḥ nivartayati antyaṃ pramāṇam | nivartayad eva cāpramāṇībhavati, svapna-kāla-pramāṇam iva prabodhe | loke ca vastv-adhigame pravṛtti-hetutvādarśanāt pramāṇasya | tasmān nātma-vidaḥ karmaṇy adhikāra iti siddham ||BhGS_2.69||
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viduṣas tyaktaiṣaṇasya sthita-prajñasya yater eva mokṣa-prāptiḥ, na tu asaṃnyāsinaḥ kāma-kāminaḥ ity etam arthaṃ dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayiṣyan āha -
āpūryamāṇam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ
samudram āpaḥ praviśanti yadvat |
tadvat kāmā yaṃ praviśanti sarve
sa śāntim āpnoti na kāma-kāmī ||BhG_2.70||
āpūryamāṇam adbhir acala-pratiṣṭham acalatayā pratiṣṭhā avasthitiḥ yasya tam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ samudram āpaḥ sarvato gatāḥ praviśanti svātmastham avikriyam eva santaṃ yadvat, tadvat kāmāḥ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv api sarvataḥ icchā-viśeṣāḥ yaṃ puruṣam --- samudram iva āpaḥ -- avikurvantaḥ praviśanti sarve ātmany eva pralīyante na svātma-vaśaṃ kurvanti, sa śāntir mokṣam āpnoti, netaraḥ kāma-kāmī, kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ viṣayāḥ tān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ kāma-kāmī, naiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.70||
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yasmād evaṃ tasmāt -
vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ |
nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ sa śāntim adhigacchati ||BhG_2.71||
vihāya parityajya kāmān yaḥ saṃnyāsī pumān sarvān aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena carati, jīvana-mātra-ceṣṭāśeṣaḥ paryaṭatīty arthaḥ | niḥspṛhaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātre 'pi nirgatā spṛhā yasya saḥ niḥspṛhaḥ san nirmamaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātrākṣipta-parigrahe 'pi mamedam ity abhiniveśa-varjitaḥ, nirahaṃkāraḥ vidyāvattvādi-nimittātma-saṃbhāvanā-rahitaḥ ity etat | sa evaṃbhūtaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ brahmavit śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkhoparama-lakṣaṇāṃ nirvāṇākhyām adhigacchati prāpnoti brahma-bhūto bhavati ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.71||
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saiṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā stūyate -
eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha naināṃ prāpya vimuhyati |
sthitvāsyām anta-kāle 'pi brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati ||BhG_2.72||
eṣā yathoktā brāhmī brahmaṇi bhavā iyaṃ sthitiḥ sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasya brahma-rūpeṇaiva avasthānam ity etat | he pārtha, naināṃ sthitiṃ prāpya labdhvā na vimuhyati na mohaṃ prāpnoti | sthitvāsyāṃ sthitau brāhmyāṃ yathoktāyāṃ anta-kāle 'pi antye vayasy api brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati gacchati | kim u vaktavyaṃ brahmacaryād eva saṃnyasya yāvaj jīvaṃ yo brahmaṇy eva avatiṣṭhate sa brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati iti ||BhGS_2.72||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 3
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ śaṅkara-bhāṣyam
śāstrasya pravṛtti-nivṛtti-viṣaya-bhūte dve buddhī bhagavatā nirdiṣṭe, sāṅkhye buddhir yoge buddhir iti ca | tatra prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sāṅkhya-buddhy-āśritānāṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kartavyam uktvā teṣāṃ tan-niṣṭhatayaiva ca kṛtārthatā uktā eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ iti | arjunāya ca karmaṇy evādhikāras te, mā saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi iti karma eva kartavyam uktavān yoga-buddhim āśritya, na tata eva śreyaḥ-prāptim uktavān | tad etad ālakṣya paryākulībhūta-buddhir arjuna uvāca - kathaṃ bhaktāya śreyo 'rthine yat sākṣāt śreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ sāṅkhya-buddhi-niṣṭhāṃ śrāvayitvā māṃ karmaṇi dṛṣṭānekānartha-yukte pāramparyeṇāpi anaikāntika-śreyaḥ-prāpti-phale niyuñjyād iti yuktaḥ paryākulībhāvo 'rjunasya | tad-anurūpa-praśnaḥ jyāyasī cet ity ādiḥ | praśnāpākaraṇa-vākyaṃ ca bhagavatā uktaṃ yathokta-vibhāga-viṣaye śāstre |
kecit tu arjunasya praśnārtham anyathā kalpayitvā tat-pratikūlaṃ bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ varṇayanti | yathā ca ātmanā sambandha-granthe gītārtho nirūpitas tat-pratikūlaṃ ceha punaḥ praśna-prativacanayor arthaṃ nirūpayanti | kathaṃ ? tatra sambandha-granthe tāvat sarveṣām āśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre nirūpito 'rtha ity uktam | punaḥ viśeṣitaṃ ca yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditāni karmāṇi parityajya kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ prāpyata ity etad ekāntenaiva pratiṣiddham iti |
iha tv āśrama-vikalpaṃ darśayatā yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditānām eva karmaṇāṃ parityāga uktaḥ | tat katham īdṛśaṃ viruddham artham arjunāya brūyād bhagavān, śrotā vā kathaṃ viruddham artham avadhārayet | tatraitat syād gṛhasthānām eva śrauta-karma-parityāgena kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tv āśramāntarāṇām iti |
etad api pūrvottar-viruddham eva | kathaṃ, sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre niścito 'rtha iti pratijñāya iha kathaṃ tad-viruddhaṃ kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaṃ brūyād āśramāntarāṇām |
atha mataṃ śrauta-karmāpekṣayaitad-vacanaṃ kevalād eva jñānāt śrauta-karma-rahitād gṛhasthānāṃ mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate iti | tatra gṛhasthānāṃ vidyamānam api smārtaṃ karmāvidyamānavad upekṣya jñānād eva kevalān na mokṣa ity ucyata iti | etad api viruddham | katham ? gṛhasthasyaiva smārta-karmaṇā samuccitād jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tu āśramāntarāṇām iti kathaṃ vivekibhiḥ śakyam avadhārayitum |
kiṃ ca, yadi mokṣa-sādhanatvena smārtāni karmāṇi ūrdhva-retasāṃ samuccīyante tathā gṛhasthasyāpi iṣyatāṃ smārtair eva samuccayo na śrautaiḥ |
atha śrautaiḥ smārtaiś ca gṛhasthasyaiva samuccayo mokṣāya ūrdhva-retasāṃ tu smārta-karma-mātra-samuccitāj jñānān mokṣa iti | tatraivaṃ sati gṛhasthasyāyāsa-bāhulyaṃ śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca bahu-duḥkha-rūpaṃ karma śirasi aropitaṃ syāt |
atha gṛhasthasyaivāyāsa-bāhulya-kāraṇān mokṣaḥ syān nāśramāntarāṇāṃ śrauta-nitya-karma-rahitatvād iti | tad apy asat | sarvopaniṣatsu itihāsa-purāṇa-yoga-śāstre ca jñānāṅgatvena mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānād āśrama-vikalpa-samuccaya-vidhānāc ca śruti-smṛtyoḥ |
siddhas tarhi sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayaḥ ? na, mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti [BAU 3.5.1], tasmāt saṃnyāsam eṣāṃ tapasām atiriktam āhuḥ [NāU 2.79], nyāsa evātyarecayet [NāU 2.78], iti | na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike 'mṛtatvam ānaśuḥ [NāU 2.12] iti ca | brahmacaryād eva pravrajet [JāvāU 4] ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ |
tyaja dharmam adharmaṃ ca ubhe satyānṛte tyaja |
ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā yena tyajasi tat tyaja ||
saṃsāram eva niḥsāraṃ dṛṣṭvā sāra-didṛkṣayā | pravrajanty akṛtodvāhāḥ paraṃ vairāgyam āśritāḥ || iti bṛhaspatir api kacaṃ prati |
karmaṇā badhyate jantur vidyayā ca vimucyate | tasmāt karma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāra-darśinaḥ || [Mbh 12.241.7] iti śukānuśāsanam |
ihāpi sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya ity ādi | mokṣasya cākāryatvān mumukṣoḥ karmānarthakyam | nityāni pratyavāya-parihārārtham anuṣṭheyāni iti cet, na | asaṃnyāsi-viṣayatvāt pratyavāya-prāpteḥ | na hi agnikāryādy-akaraṇāt saṃnyāsinaḥ pratyavāyaḥ kalpayituṃ śakyo yathā brahmacāriṇām asaṃnyāsinām api karmiṇām | na tavan nityānāṃ karmaṇām abhāvād eva bhāva-rūpasya pratyavāyasya utpattiḥ kalpayituṃ śakyā katham asataḥ sajjāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti asataḥ sajjanmāsambhava-śruteḥ |
yadi vihitākaraṇād asambhāvyam api pratyavāyaṃ brūyād vedas tadā anartha-karo vedaḥ apramāṇam ity uktaṃ syāt | vihitasya karaṇākaraṇayoḥ duḥkha-mātra-phalatvāt | tathā ca kārakaṃ śāstraṃ na jñāpakam iti anupapannārthaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitad iṣṭam | tasmān na saṃnyāsināṃ karmāṇi ato jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir iti | arjunasya praśnānupapatteś ca |
yadi hi bhagavatā dvitīye adhyāye jñānaṃ karma ca samuccayena tvayānuṣṭheyam ity uktaṃ syāt tato 'rjunasya praśno 'nupapanno jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana iti | arjunāya ced buddhi-karmaṇī tvayānuṣṭheye iti ukte yā karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhiḥ sā apy uktā eveti tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti praśno na kathaṃcana upapadyate |
na cārjunasyaiva jyāyasī buddhir nānuṣṭheyeti bhagavatoktaṃ pūrvam iti kalpayituṃ yuktam, yena jyāyasī ced iti praśnaḥ syāt | yadi punar ekasya puruṣasya jñāna-karmaṇor virodhād yugapad anuṣṭhānaṃ na sambhavatīti bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvaṃ bhagavatā pūrvam uktaṃ syāt tato 'yaṃ praśna upapannaḥ jyāyasī ced ity ādiḥ |
avivekataḥ praśna-kalpanāyām api bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ nopapadyate | na cājñāna-nimittaṃ bhagavat-prativacanaṃ kalpyam | asmāc ca bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor bhagavataḥ prativacana-darśanāt, jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | tasmāt kevalād eva jñānān mokṣa ity eṣo 'rtho niścito gītāsu sarvopaniṣatsu ca | jñāna-karmaṇor ekaṃ vada niścitya iti ca eka-viṣayaiva prārthanānupapannobhayoḥ samuccaya-sambhave |
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam iti ca jñāna-niṣṭhā-sambhavam arjunasyāvadhāraṇena darśayiṣyati |
arjuna uvāca
jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana |
tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava ||BhG_3.1||
jyāyasī śreyasī cet yadi karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt te tava matā abhipretā buddhir jñānam | he janārdana ! yadi buddhi-karmaṇī samuccite iṣṭe tadaikaṃ śreyaḥ-sādhanam iti karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhir iti karmaṇo 'tirikta-karaṇaṃ buddher anupapannam arjunena kṛtaṃ syāt | na hi tad eva tasmāt phalato 'tiriktaṃ syāt | tathā ca, karmaṇaḥ śreyaskarī bhagavatoktā buddhiḥ | aśreyaskaraṃ ca karma kurv iti māṃ pratipādayati, tat kiṃ nu kāraṇam iti bhagavata upālambham iva kurvan tat kiṃ kasmāt karmaṇi ghore krūre hiṃsā-lakṣaṇe māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti ca yad āha, tac ca nopapadyate | atha smārtenaiva karmaṇā samuccayaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhagavatokto 'rjunena cāvadhārita cet, tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi ity ādi kathaṃ yuktaṃ vacanam ||BhGS_3.1||
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kiṃ ca -
vyāmiśreṇeva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me |
tad ekaṃ vada niścitya yena śreyo 'ham āpnuyām ||BhG_3.2||
vyāmiśreṇeva, yadyapi vivaktābhidhāyī bhagavān, tathāpi mama manda-buddher vyāmiśram iva bhagavad-vākyaṃ pratibhāti | tena mama buddhiṃ mohayasīva, mama buddhi-vyāmohāpanayāya hi pravṛttas tvaṃ tu kathaṃ mohayasi ? ataḥ bravīmi | buddhiṃ mohayasi iva me mama iti | tvaṃ tu bhinna-kartṛkayoḥ jñāna-karmaṇor eka-puruṣānuṣṭhānāsaṃbhavaṃ yadi manyase, tatraivaṃ sati tat tayor ekaṃ buddhiṃ karma vā idam evārjunasya yogyaṃ buddhi-śakty-avasthānurūpam iti niścitya vada brūhi, yena jñānena karmaṇā vā anyatareṇa śreyo 'ham āpnuyāṃ prāpnuyām |
yadi hi karma-niṣṭhāyāṃ guṇa-bhūtam api jñānaṃ bhagavatoktaṃ syāt | tat kathaṃ tayor ekaṃ vada ity eka-viṣayaivārjunasya śuśrūṣā syāt | na hi bhagavatā pūrvam uktam anyatarad eva jñāna-karmaṇoḥ vakṣyāmi, naiva dvayam iti, yena ubhaya-prāpty-asaṃbhavam ātmano manyamāna ekam eva prārthayet ||BhGS_3.2||
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praśnānurūpam eva prativacanaṃ -
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha |
jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām ||BhG_3.3||
loke 'smin śāstrārthānuṣṭhānādhikṛtānāṃ traivarṇikānāṃ dvi-vidhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ anuṣṭheya-tātparyaṃ purā pūrvaṃ sargādau prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā tāsām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vedārtha-saṃpradāyam āviṣkurvatā proktā mayā sarvajñena īśvareṇa he anaghāpāpa | tatra kā sā dvividhā niṣṭhā ity āha - tatra jñāna-yogena jñānam eva yogas tena sāṃkhyānām ātmānātma-viṣaya-viveka-vijñānavatāṃ brahmacaryāśramād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānāṃ vedānta-vijñāna-suniścitārthānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ brahmaṇy evāvasthitānāṃ niṣṭhā proktā | karma-yogena karma eva yogaḥ karma-yogas tena karma-yogena yogināṃ karmiṇāṃ niṣṭhā proktā ity arthaḥ |
yadi caikena puruṣeṇa ekasmai puruṣārthāya jñānaṃ karma ca samuccityānuṣṭheyaṃ bhagavatā iṣṭam uktaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vā gītāsu vedeṣu coktam, katham ihārjunāya upasannāya priyāya viśiṣṭābhinna-puruṣa-kartṛke eva jñāna-karma-niṣṭhe brūyāt ? yadi punar arjuno jñānaṃ karma ca dvayaṃ śrutvā svayam evānuṣṭhāsyati anyeṣāṃ tu bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatāṃ vakṣyāmi iti mataṃ bhagavataḥ kalpyeta, tadā rāga-dveṣavān apramāṇa-bhūto bhagavān kalpitaḥ syāt | tac cāyuktam | tasmāt kayāpi yuktyā na samuccayo jñāna-karmaṇoḥ ||
yad arjunenoktaṃ karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ buddhes tac ca sthitam anirākaraṇāt | tasyāś ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyāḥ saṃnyāsinām evānuṣṭheyatvam , bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatva-vacanāt | bhagavata evam evānumatam iti gamyate ||BhGS_3.3||
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māṃ ca bandha-kāraṇe karmaṇy eva niyojayasi iti viṣaṇṇa-manasam arjunam karma nārabhe ity evaṃ manvānam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - na karmaṇāman ārambhād iti | athavā - jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayoḥ paraspara-virodhād ekena puruṣeṇa yugapad anuṣṭhātum aśakyatve sati itaretarānapekṣayor eva puruṣārtha-hetutve prāpte karma-niṣṭhāyā jñāna-niṣṭhā-prāpti-hetutvena puruṣārtha-hetutvam, na svātantryeṇa | jñāna-niṣṭhā tu karma-niṣṭhopāya-labdhātmikā satī svātantryeṇa puruṣārtha-hetuḥ anyānapekṣā, ity etam arthaṃ pradarśayiṣyan āha bhagavān -
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati ||BhG_3.4 ||
na karmaṇā kriyāṇāṃ yajñādīnām iha janmani janmāntare vā anuṣṭhitānām upātta-durita-kṣaya-hetutvena sattva-śuddhi-kāraṇānāṃ tat-kāraṇatvena ca jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetūnām,
jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ | yathādarśatala-prakhye paśyaty ātmānam ātmani || [Mbh 12 208.8] ity ādi smaraṇāt |
anārambhād ananuṣṭhānāt naiṣkarmyaṃ niṣkarma-bhāvaṃ karma-śūnyatāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ niṣkriyātma-svarūpeṇaivāvasthānam iti yāvat | puruṣo nāśnute na prāpnotīty arthaḥ | karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnuta iti vacanāt tad-viparyayāt teṣām ārambhān naiṣkarmyam aśnuta iti gamyate | kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnute iti ? ucyate, karmārambhasyaiva naiṣkarmyopāyatvāt | na hy upāyam antareṇa upeya-prāptir asti | karma-yogopāyatvaṃ ca naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇasya jñāna-yogasya, śrutau iha ca pratipādanāt | śrutau tāvat prakṛtasyātma-lokasya vedyasya vedanopāyatvena tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena [BAU 4.4.22] ity ādinā karma-yogasya jñāna-yogopāyatvaṃ pratipāditam | ihāpi ca - saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ [kraītā 5.6], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhaye [kraītā 5.11], yajño dānaṃ tapaś caiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām [kraītā 18.5] ity ādi pratipādayiṣyati |
nanu cābhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret ity ādau kartavya-karma-saṃnyāsād api naiṣkarmya-prāptiṃ darśayati | loke ca karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyam iti prasiddhataram | ataś ca naiṣkarmyārthinaḥ kiṃ karmārambheṇa ? iti prāptam | ata āha- na ca saṃnyasanād eveti | nāpi saṃnyasanād eva kevalāt karma-parityāga-mātrād eva jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ samadhigacchati na prāpnoti ||BhGS_3.4||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karma-saṃnyāsa-mātrād eva kevalāt jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ puruṣo nādhigacchati iti hetv-ākāṅkṣāyām āha -
na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarmakṛt |
kāryate hy avaśaḥ karma sarvaḥ prakṛtijair guṇaiḥ ||BhG_3.5||
na hi yasmāt kṣaṇam api kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścit tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛt san | kasmāt ? kāryate pravartyate hi yasmād avaśa evāsvatantra eva karma sarvaḥ prāṇī prakṛti-jaiḥ prakṛtito jātaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ guṇaiḥ | ajña iti vākya-śeṣaḥ, yato vakṣyati guṇair yo na vicālyate iti | sāṃkhyānāṃ pṛthak-karaṇāt ajñānām eva hi karma-yogaḥ, na jñāninām | jñānināṃ tu guṇair acālyamānānāṃ svataś calanābhāvāt karma-yogo nopapadyate | tathā ca vyākhyātam vedāvināśinam [kraītā 2.21] ity atra ||BhGS_3.5||
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yat tv anātmajñaḥ coditaṃ karma nārabhate iti tad asad evety āha -
karmendriyāṇi saṃyamya ya āste manasā smaran |
indriyārthān vimūḍhātmā mithyācāraḥ sa ucyate ||BhG_3.6||
karmendriyāṇi hastādīni saṃyamya saṃhṛtya ya āste tiṣṭhati manasā smaran cintayan indriyārthān viṣayān vimūḍhātmā vimūḍhāntaḥ-araṇo mithyācāro mṛṣācāraḥ pāpācāraḥ sa ucyate ||BhGS_3.6||
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yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna |
karmendriyaiḥ karma-yogam asaktaḥ sa viśiṣyate ||BhG_3.7||
yas tu punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛto 'jñaḥ buddhīndriyāṇi manasā niyamya ārabhate arjuna karmendriyaiḥ vāk-pāṇy-ādibhiḥ | kim ārabhate ity āha-karma-yogam asaktaḥ san phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ sa viśiṣyate itarasmāt mithyācārāt ||BhGS_3.7||
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yataḥ evam ataḥ-
niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hy akarmaṇaḥ |
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇaḥ ||BhG_3.8||
niyataṃ nityaṃ śāstropadiṣṭam | yo yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ phalāya cāśrutaṃ tan niyataṃ karma, tat kuru tvaṃ he arjuna ! yataḥ karma jyāyo 'dhikataraṃ phalataḥ | hi yasmād akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt anārambhāt | katham ? śarīra-yātrā śarīra-sthitir api ca te tava na prasidhyet prasiddhiṃ na gacchet akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt | ato dṛṣṭaḥ karmākarmaṇor viśeṣo loke ||BhGS_3.8||
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yac ca manyase bandhārthatvāt karma na kartavyam iti tad apy asat | katham ?
yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra loko 'yaṃ karma-bandhanaḥ |
tad arthaṃ karma kaunteya muktasaṅgaḥ samācara ||BhG_3.9||
yajño vai viṣṇuḥ [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruter yajña īśvaraḥ | tad-arthaṃ yat kriyate tat yajñārthaṃ karma | tasmāt karmaṇo 'nyatrānyena karmaṇā loko 'yam adhikṛtaḥ karma-kṛt karma-bandhanaḥ [Taitt.Bhā. 3.1.6] karma bandhanaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ karma-bandhano lokaḥ, na tu yajñārthāt | atas tad-arthaṃ yajñārthaṃ karma kaunteya, mukta-saṅgaḥ karma-phala-saṅga-varjitaḥ san samācāra nirvartaya ||BhGS_3.9||
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itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam -
saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā purovāca prajāpatiḥ |
anena prasaviṣyadhvam eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||BhG_3.10||
saha-yajñāḥ yajña-sahitāḥ prajās trayo varṇās tāḥ sṛṣṭvotpādya purā pūrvaṃ sargādāv uvāca uktavān prajāpatiḥ prajānāṃ srāṣṭā | anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir utpattis tāṃ kurudhvam | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam astu bhavatu iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhipretān kāmān phala-viśeṣān dogdhīti iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||BhGS_3.10||
============================== katham ?
devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ |
parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ param avāpsyatha ||BhG_3.11||
devān indrādīn bhāvayata vardhayatānena yajñena | te devā bhāvayantu āpyāyayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinā vo yuṣmān | evaṃ parasparam anyonyaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ paraṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ vijñāna-prāpti-krameṇāvāpsyatha | svargaṃ vā paraṃ śreyo 'vāpsyatha ||BhGS_3.11||
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kiṃ ca -
iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ |
tair dattān apradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ ||BhG_3.12||
iṣṭān abhipretān bhogān hi vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante vitariṣyanti | strī-paśu-putrādīn yajña-bhāvitā yajñair vardhitās toṣitā ity arthaḥ | tair devair dattān bhogān apradāyādattvā, ānṛṇyam akṛtvety arthaḥ | ebhyo devebhyaḥ | yo bhuṅkte sva-dehendriyāṇy eva tarpayati stena eva taskara eva sa devādi-svāpahārī ||BhGS_3.12||
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ye punaḥ-
yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ |
bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ye pacanty ātma-kāraṇāt ||BhG_3.13||
deva-yajñādīn nirvartya tac-chiṣṭam aśanam amṛtākhyam aśituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ sarva-pāpaiś cully-ādi-pañca-sūnākṛtaiḥ pramāda-kṛta-hiṃsādi-janitaiś cānyaiḥ | ye tv ātmaṃbharayo bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpaṃ svayam api pāpā ye pacanti pākaṃ nirvartayanti ātma-kāraṇāt ātma-hetoḥ ||BhGS_3.13||
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itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam | jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetur hi karma | katham ? ity ucyate -
annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna-saṃbhavaḥ |
yajñād bhavati parjanyo yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||BhG_3.14||
annād bhuktāl lohita-retaḥ-pariṇatāt pratyakṣaṃ bhavanti jāyante bhūtāni | parjanyād vṛṣṭer annasya saṃbhavo 'nna-saṃbhavaḥ | yajñād bhavati parjanyaḥ |
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate | ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || [Manu 3.76] iti smṛteḥ |
yajño 'pūrvam | sa ca yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ | ṛtvig-yajamānayoś ca vyāpāraḥ karma, tad-samudbhavo yasya yajñasyāpūrvasya sa yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||BhGS_3.14||
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tac caivaṃvidhaṃ karma kuto jātam ity āha -
karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi brahmākṣara-samudbhavam |
tasmāt sarva-gataṃ brahma nityaṃ yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||BhG_3.15||
karma brahmodbhavaṃ | brahma vedaḥ | sa udbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ prakāśako yasya tat karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi vijānīhi | brahma punaḥ vedākhyam akṣara-samudbhavam akṣaraṃ brahma paramātmā samudbhavo yasya tat akṣara-samudbhavam | brahma veda ity arthaḥ | yasmāt sākṣāt paramātmākhyād akṣarāt puruṣa-niḥśvāsavat samudbhūtaṃ brahma tasmāt sarvārtha-prakāśakatvāt sarva-gatam | sarva-gatam api sat nityaṃ sadā yajña-vidhi-pradhānatvāt yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||BhGS_3.15||
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evaṃ pravartitaṃ cakraṃ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ |
aghāyur indriyārāmo moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ||BhG_3.16||
evam ittham īśvareṇa veda-yajña-pūrvakaṃ jagac-cakraṃ pravartitaṃ nānuvartayatīha loke yaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ sann aghāyur aghaṃ pāpam āyur jīvanaṃ yasya so 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvana iti yāvat | indriyārāmaḥ indriyair ārāmaḥ āramaṇam ākrīḍā viṣayeṣu yasya sa indriyārāmo moghaṃ vṛthā he pārtha, sa jīvati | tasmād ajñenādhikṛtena kartavyam eva karmeti prakaraṇārthaḥ | prāg ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-yogyatā-prāptes tādarthyena karma-yogānuṣṭhānam adhikṛtenānātmajñena kartavyam evety etan na karmaṇām anārambhād [Gītā 3.4] ity ata ārabhya śarīra-yātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇa [Gītā 3.8] ity evam antena pratipādya, yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra [Gītā 3.9] ity ādinā moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ity evam antenāpi granthena prāsaṅgikam adhikṛtasyānātmavidaḥ karmānuṣṭhāne bahu kāraṇam uktam | tad-akaraṇe ca doṣa-saṃkīrtanaṃ kṛtam ||BhGS_3.16||
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evaṃ sthite kim evaṃ pravartitaṃ caktraṃ sarveṇānuvartanīyam ? āho svit pūrvokta-karma-yogānuṣṭhānopāya-prāpyām anātma-vidā jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhām ātma-vidbhiḥ sāṃkhyair anuṣṭheyām aprāptenaiva ? ity evam artham arjunasya praśnam āśaṅkaya svayam eva vā śāstrārthasya viveka-pratipatty-artham etaṃ vai tam ātmānaṃ viditvā nivṛtta-mithyā-jñānāḥ santo brāhmaṇā mithyā-jñānavadbhyo 'vaśyaṃ kartavyebhyaḥ putraiṣaṇādibhyo vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayuktaṃ caranti | na teṣām ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-vyatirekeṇānyat kāryam asti [BAU 3.5.1] ity evaṃ śruty-artham iha gītā-śāstre pratipipādayiṣitam āviṣkurvann āha bhagavān -
yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ |
ātmany eva ca saṃtuṣṭas tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate ||BhG_3.17||
yas tu sāṃkhya ātma-jñāna-niṣṭha ātma-ratiḥ ātmany eva ratir na viṣayeṣu yasya sa ātma-ratir eva syād bhaved ātma-tṛptaś cātmanaiva tṛpto nānna-rasādinā sa mānavo manuṣyaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ | santoṣo hi bāhyārtha-lābhe sarvasya bhavati, tam anapekṣya ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ sarvato vīta-tṛṣṇa ity etat | ya īdṛśaḥ ātma-vit tasya kāryaṃ karaṇīyaṃ na vidyate nāstīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.17||
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kiṃ ca -
naiva tasya kṛtenārtho nākṛteneha kaścana |
na cāsya sarva-bhūteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ ||BhG_3.18||
naiva tasya paramātma-rateḥ kṛtena karmaṇārthaḥ prayojanam asti | astu tarhy akṛtenākaraṇena pratyavāyākhyo 'narthaḥ | nākṛteneha loke kaścana kaścid api pratyavāya-prāpti-rūpaḥ ātma-hāni-lakṣaṇo vā naivāsti | na cāsya sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu bhūteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ prayojana-nimitta-kriyā-sādhyo vyapāśrayaḥ | vyapāśrayaṇam ālambanaṃ kaṃcit bhūta-viśeṣam āśritya na sādhyaḥ kaścid artho 'sti, yena tad-arthā kriyā anuṣṭheyā syāt | na tvam etasmin sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye samyag-darśane vartase ||BhGS_3.18||
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yataḥ evam -
tasmād asaktaḥ satataṃ kāryaṃ karma samācara |
asakto hy ācaran karma param āpnoti pūruṣaḥ ||BhG_3.19||
tasmāt asaktaḥ saṅgavarjitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ nityaṃ karma samācara nirvartaya | asakto hi yasmāt samācaran īśvarārthaṃ karma kurvan paraṃ mokṣam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ sattvaśuddhidvāreṇa ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.19||
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yasmāc ca -
karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ |
loka-saṃgraham evāpi saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||BhG_3.20||
karmaṇaiva hi yasmāt pūrve kṣatriyāḥ vidvāṃsaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mokṣaṃ gantum āsthitāḥ pravṛttāḥ | ke ? janakādayaḥ janakā vapatiprabhṛtayaḥ | yadi te prāptasamyagdarśanāḥ, tataḥ lokasaṃgrahārthaṃ prārabdhakarmatvāt karmaṇā sahaivāsaṃnyasyaiva karma saṃsiddhimāsthitā ity arthaḥ | athāprāptasamyagadarśanāḥ janakādayaḥ, tadā karmaṇā sattvaśuddhisādhanabhūtena ktrameṇa saṃsiddhimāsthitā iti vyākhyeyaḥ lokaḥ | atha manyase pūrverapi janakādibhiḥ ajānadbhireva kartavyaṃ karma kṛtam | tāvatā nāvaśyamanyena kartavyaṃ samyagdarśanavatā kṛtātheneti | tathāpi prārabdhakarmāyattaḥ tvaṃ lokasaṃgraham evāpi lokasya unmārgapravṛttinivāraṇaṃ lokasaṃgrahaḥ, tamevāpi prayojanaṃ saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||BhGS_3.20||
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loka-saṃgrahaḥ kim arthaṃ kartavya ity ucyate -
yad yad ācarati śreṣṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ |
sa yat pramāṇaṃ kurute lokas tad anuvartate ||BhG_3.21||
yadyat karma ācarati karoti śreṣṭhaḥ pradhānaḥ tattadeva karma ācarati itaro 'nyaḥ janaḥ tadanugataḥ | kiṃ ca saḥ śreṣṭhaḥ yat pramāṇaṃ kurute laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā lokaḥ tat anuvartate tadeva pramāṇīkaroti ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.21||
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yady atra te loka-saṃgraha-kartavyatāyāṃ vipratipattis tarhi māṃ kiṃ na paśyasi ?
na me pārthāsti kartavyaṃ triṣu lokeṣu kiṃcana |
nānavāptam avāptavyaṃ vartaiva ca karmaṇi ||BhG_3.22||
na me mama pārtha nāsti na vidyate kartavyaṃ triṣv api lokeṣu kiṃcana kiṃcid api | kasmāt ? nānavāptam aprāptam avāptavyaṃ prāpaṇīyam | tathāpi varta eva ca karmaṇy aham ||BhGS_3.22||
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yadi hy ahaṃ na varteyaṃ jātu karmaṇy atandritaḥ |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ||BhG_3.23||
yadi hi punar ahaṃ na varteya jātu kadācit karmaṇy atandrito 'nalasaḥ san mama śreṣṭhasya sato vatrma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | he pārtha ! sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_3.23||
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utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṃ karma ced aham |
saṃkarasya ca kartā syām upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ ||BhG_3.24||
utsīdeyur vinaśyeyur ime sarve lokāḥ loka-sthiti-nimittasya karmaṇo 'bhāvāt na kuryāṃ karma ced aham | kiṃ ca, saṃkarasya ca kartā syām | tena kāraṇena upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ | prajānām anugrahāya pravṛtta upahatim upahananaṃ kuryām ity arthaḥ | mama īśvarasyānanurūpam āpadyate ||BhGS_3.24||
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yadi punar aham iva tvaṃ kṛtārtha-buddhiḥ, ātmavid anyo vā, tasyāpi ātmanaḥ kartavyābhāve 'pi parānugraha eva kartavya ity āha -
saktāḥ karmaṇy avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata |
kuryād vidvāṃs tathāsaktaś cikīrṣur loka-saṃgraham ||BhG_3.25||
saktāḥ karmaṇy asya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ mama bhaviṣyatīti kecid avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata, kuryād vidvān ātmavit tathāsaktaḥ san | tadvat kim arthaṃ karoti ? tat sṛṇu - cikīrṣuḥ kartum icchuḥ loka-saṃgraham ||BhGS_3.25||
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evaṃ loka-saṃgrahaṃ cikīrṣer na mamātma-vidaḥ kartavyam asti anyasya vā loka-saṃgrahaṃ muktvā | tatas tasya ātma-vidaḥ idam upadiśyate -
na buddhi-bhedaṃ janayed ajñānāṃ karma-saṅginām |
joṣayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān yuktaḥ samācaran ||BhG_3.26||
buddhi-bhedo buddhi-bhedo mayā idaṃ kartavyaṃ bhoktavyaṃ cāsya karmaṇaḥ phalam iti niścaya-rūpāyā buddher bhedanaṃ cālanaṃ buddhi-bhedas taṃ na janayen notpādayed ajñānām avivekināṃ karma-saṅgināṃ karmaṇy āsaktānāṃ āsaṅgavatām | kiṃ nu kuryāt ? joṣayet kārayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān svayaṃ tad evāviduṣāṃ karma yukto 'bhiyuktaḥ samācaran ||BhGS_3.26||
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avidvān ajñaḥ kathaṃ karmasu sajjate ? ity āha -
prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ |
ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate ||BhG_3.27||
prakṛteḥ prakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā | tasyāḥ prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ vikāraiḥ kārya-karaṇa-rūpaiḥ kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi laukikāni śāstrīyāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-pratyayo 'haṃkāras tena vividhaṃ nānāvidhaṃ mūḍha ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ kārya-karaṇa-dharmā kārya-karaṇābhimānī avidyayā karmāṇi ātmani manyamānaḥ tat-tat-karmaṇām ahaṃ karteti manyate ||BhGS_3.27||
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yaḥ punar vidvān -
tattvavit tu mahābāho guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ |
guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta iti matvā na sajjate ||BhG_3.28||
tattvavit tu mahābāho | kasya tattvavit ? guṇakarmavibhāgayoḥ guṇavibhāgasya karmavibhāgasya ca tattvavit ity arthaḥ | guṇāḥ karaṇātmakāḥ guṇeṣu viṣayātmakeṣu vartante na ātmā iti matvā na sajjate saktiṃ na karoti ||BhGS_3.28||
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ye punaḥ -
prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhāḥ sajjante guṇa-karmasu |
tān akṛtsna-vido mandān kṛtsnavin na vicālayet ||BhG_3.29||
prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ samyak mūḍhāḥ saṃmohitāḥ santaḥ sajjante guṇānāṃ karmasu guṇa-karmasu vayaṃ karma kurmaḥ phalāya iti | tān karma-saṅgino 'kṛtsna-vidaḥ karma-phala-mātra-darśino mandān manda-prajñān kṛtsna-vit ātma-vit svayaṃ na vicālayet buddhi-bheda-karaṇam eva cālanaṃ tan na kuryāt ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.29||
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kathaṃ punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtenājñena mumukṣuṇā karma kartavyam iti, ucyate --
mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasyādhyātma-cetasā |
nirāśīr nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaraḥ ||BhG_3.30||
mayi vāsudeve parameśvare sarvajñe sarvātmani sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya nikṣipyādhyātma-cetasā viveka-buddhyā, ahaṃ kartā īśvarāya bhṛtyavat karomi ity anayā buddhyā | kiṃ ca, nirāśīs tyaktāśīḥ nirmamo mama-bhāvaś ca nirgato yasya tava sa tvaṃ nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaro vigata-santāpo vigata-śokaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.30||
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yad etan mama mataṃ karma kartavyam iti sa-pramāṇam uktaṃ tat tathā -
ye me matam idaṃ nityam anutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ |
śraddhāvanto 'nasūyanto mucyante te 'pi karmabhiḥ ||BhG_3.31||
ye me madīyam idaṃ mataṃ nityam anutiṣṭhanti anuvartante mānavā manuṣyāḥ śraddhāvantaḥ śraddadhānā anasūyanto 'sūyāṃ ca mayi parama-gurau vāsudeve 'kurvanto, mucyante te 'py evaṃbhūtāḥ karmabhir dharmādharmākhyaiḥ ||BhGS_3.31||
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ye tv etad abhyasūyanto nānutiṣṭhanti me matam |
sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi naṣṭān acetasaḥ ||BhG_3.32||
ye tu tad-viparītā etan mama matam abhyasūyanto nindanto nānutiṣṭhanti nānuvartante me matam | sarveṣu jñāneṣu vividhaṃ mūḍhās te | sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi jānīhi naṣṭān nāśaṃ gatān acetaso 'vivekinaḥ ||BhGS_3.32||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt tvadīyaṃ mataṃ nānutiṣṭhantaḥ para-dharmān anutiṣṭhanti ? sva-dharmaṃ ca nānuvartante ? tvat-pratikūlāḥ kathaṃ na bibhyati tvac-chāsanātikrama-doṣāt ? tatrāha -
sadṛśaṃ ceṣṭate svasyāḥ prakṛter jñānavān api |
prakṛtiṃ yānti bhūtāni nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ||BhG_3.33||
sadṛśam anurūpaṃ ceṣṭate ceṣṭāṃ karoti | kasyāḥ ? svasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ | prakṛtir nāma pūrva-kṛta-dharmādharmādi-saṃskārā vartamāna-janmādāv abhivyaktāḥ | sā prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sadṛśam eva sarvo jantur jñānavān api ceṣṭate, kiṃ punar mūrkhaḥ ? tasmāt prakṛtiṃ yānty anugacchanti bhūtāni prāṇinaḥ | nigraho niṣedha-rūpaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati mama vānyasya vā ? durnigrahā prakṛtir iti vākya-śeṣaḥ ||BhGS_3.33||
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yadi sarvo jantur ātmanaḥ prakṛti-sadṛśam eva ceṣṭate, na ca prakṛti-śūnyaḥ kaścid asti, tataḥ puruṣakārasya viṣayānupapatteḥ śāstrānarthakya-prāptāv idam ucyate -
indriyasyendriyasyārthe rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitau |
tayor na vaśam āgacchet tau hy asya paripanthinau ||BhG_3.34||
indriyasyendriyasyārthe sarvendriyāṇām arthe śabdādi-viṣaye iṣṭe rāgo 'niṣṭe dveṣa ity evaṃ pratīndriyārthaṃ rāgadveṣāv avaśyaṃbhāvinau tatrāyaṃ puruṣakārasya śāstrārthasya ca viṣaya ucyate | śāstrārthe pravṛttaḥ pūrvam eva rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yā hi puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ sā rāga-dveṣa-puraḥsaraiva sva-kārye puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tadā svadharma-parityāgaḥ para-dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca bhavati | yadā punā rāga-dveṣau tat-pratipakṣeṇa niyamayati tadā śāstra-dṛṣṭir eva puruṣo bhavati, na prakṛti-vaśaḥ | tasmāt tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yatas tau hy asya puruṣasya paripanthinau śreyo-mārgasya vighna-kartārau taskarāv iva pathīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.34||
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tatra rāga-dveṣa-prayukto manyate śāsrārtham apy anyathā para-dharmo 'pi dharmatvād anuṣṭheya eva iti, tad asat -
śreyān sva-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt |
sva-dharme nidhanaṃ śreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ ||BhG_3.35||
śreyān praśasyataraḥ svo dharmaḥ svadharmo viguṇo 'pi vigata-guṇo 'pi anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt sādguṇyena saṃpāditād api | sva-dharme sthitasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreyaḥ para-dharme sthitasya jīvitāt | kasmāt ? para-dharmaḥ bhayāvahaḥ narakādi-lakṣaṇaṃ bhayam āvahatīti yataḥ ||BhGS_3.35||
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yadyapi anartha-mūlam dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsa [Gītā 2.62] iti rāga-dveṣau hy asya paripanthinau [Gītā 3.34] iti coktam | vikṣiptam anavadhāritaṃ ca tad uktam | tat saṃkṣiptaṃ niścitaṃ ca idam eveti jñātum icchan arjuna uvāca jñāte hi tasmin tad-ucchedāya yatnaṃ kuryām iti arjuna uvāca-
atha kena prayukto 'yaṃ pāpaṃ carati pūruṣaḥ |
anicchann api vārṣṇeya balād iva niyojitaḥ ||BhG_3.36||
atha kena hetu-bhūtena prayuktaḥ san rājñeva bhṛtyo 'yaṃ pāpaṃ karma carati ācarati pūruṣaḥ puruṣaḥ svayam anicchann api he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-kula-prasūta ! balād iva niyojito rājñevety ukto dṛṣṭāntaḥ ||BhGS_3.36||
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śṛṇu tvaṃ taṃ vairiṇaṃ sarvānartha-karaṃ yaṃ tvaṃ pṛcchasīti bhagavān uvāca -
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ |
mahāśano mahā-pāpmā viddhy enam iha vairiṇam ||BhG_3.37||
aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.5.74]
ity aiśvaryādi-ṣaṭkaṃ yasmin vāsudeve nityam apratibaddhatvena sāmastyena ca vartate,
utpattiṃ pralayaṃ caiva bhūtānām āgatiṃ gatim |
vetti vidyām avidyāṃ ca sa vācyo bhagavān iti || [ViP 6.5.78]
utpatty-ādi-viṣayaṃ ca vijñānaṃ yasya sa vāsudevo vācyo bhagavān iti |
kāma iti | kāma eṣa sarva-loka-śatrur yan-nimittā sarvānartha-prāptiḥ prāṇinām | sa eṣa kāmaḥ pratihataḥ kenacit krodhatvena pariṇamate | ataḥ krodho 'py eṣa eva rajo-guṇa-samudbhavo rajaś ca tad-guṇaś ca rajo-guṇaḥ sa samudbhavo yasya sa kāmo rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | rajo-guṇasya vā samudbhavaḥ | kāmo hy udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tṛṣṇayā hy ahaṃkārita iti duḥkhināṃ rajaḥ-kārye sevādau pravṛttānāṃ pralāpaḥ śrūyate | mahāśano mahad aśanaṃ asyeti mahāśanaḥ | ataeva mahā-pāpmā | kāmena hi prerito jantuḥ pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhy enaṃ kāmam iha saṃsāre vairiṇam ||BhGS_3.37||
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kathaṃ vairī ? iti dṛṣṭāntaiḥ pratyāyayati -
dhūmenāvriyate vahnir yathādarśo malena ca |
yatholbenāvṛto garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||BhG_3.38||
dhūmena sahajenāvriyate vahniḥ prakāśātmako 'prakāśātmakena, yathā vā ādarśo malena ca, yatholbena ca jarāyuṇā garbha-veṣṭanena cāvṛta ācchādito garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||BhGS_3.38||
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kiṃ punas tad idaṃ-śabda-vācyaṃ yat kāmenāvṛtam ity ucyate -
āvṛtaṃ jñānam etena jñānino nitya-vairiṇā |
kāma-rūpeṇa kaunteya duṣpūreṇānalena ca ||BhG_3.39||
āvṛtam etena jñānaṃ jñānino nitya-vairiṇā, jñānī hi jānāty anenāham anarthe prayuktaḥ pūrvam eveti | duḥkhī ca bhavati nityam eva | ato 'sau jñānino nitya-vairī, na tu mūrkhasya | sa hi kāmaṃ tṛṣṇā-kāle mitram iva paśyan tat-kārye duḥkhe prāpte jānāti tṛṣṇayāhaṃ duḥkhitvam āpādita iti, na pūrvam eva | ato jñānina eva nitya-vairī | kiṃ-rūpeṇa ? kāma-rūpeṇa kāma icchaiva rūpam asyeti kāmarūpas tena duṣpūreṇa duḥkhena pūraṇam asyeti duṣpūras tenānalena nāsyālaṃ paryāptir vidyata ity analas tena ca ||BhGS_3.39||
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kim adhiṣṭhānaḥ punaḥ kāmo jñānasyāvaraṇatvena vairī sarvasya lokasya ? ity apekṣāyām āha, jñāte hi śatror adhiṣṭhāne sukhena nibarhaṇaṃ kartuṃ śakyata iti-
indriyāṇi mano buddhir asyādhiṣṭhānam ucyate |
etair vimohayaty eṣa jñānam āvṛtya dehinam ||BhG_3.40||
indriyāṇi mano buddhiś cāsya kāmasyādhiṣṭhānam āśraya ucyate | etair indriyādibhir āśrayair vimohayati vividhaṃ mohayaty eṣa kāmo jñānam āvṛtya ācchādya dehinaṃ śarīriṇam ||BhGS_3.40||
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yata evam -
tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau niyamya bharatarṣabha |
pāpmānaṃ prajahi hy enaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanam ||BhG_3.41||
tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau pūrvam eva niyamya vaśīkṛtya bharatarṣabha pāpmānaṃ pāpācāraṃ kāmaṃ prajahihi parityaja enaṃ prakṛtaṃ vairiṇaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanaṃ jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś cātmādīnām avabodhaḥ | vijñānaṃ viśeṣatas tad-anubhavas tayor jñāna-vijñānayoḥ śreyaḥ-prāpti-hetvor nāśanaṃ nāśa-karaṃ prajahihi ātmanaḥ parityajety arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.41||
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indriyāṇy ādau niyamya kāmaṃ śatruṃ jahihi ity uktam | tatra kim āśrayaḥ kāmaṃ jahyāt ity ucyate --
indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir yo buddheḥ paratas tu saḥ ||BhG_3.42||
indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca | dehaṃ sthūlaṃ bāhyaṃ paricchinnaṃ cāpekṣya saukṣmyāntaratva-vyāpitvādy-apekṣayā parāṇi prakṛṣṭāny āhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ | tathā indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakam | tathā manasas tu parā buddhir niścayātmikā | tathā yaḥ sarva-dṛśyebhyo buddhy-antebhyo 'bhyantaro yaṃ dehinam indriyādibhir āśrayair yuktaḥ kāmo jñānāvaraṇa-dvāreṇa mohayatīty uktam | buddheḥ paratas tu sa | sa buddher draṣṭā | para ātmā ||BhGS_3.42||
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tataḥ kim --
evaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā saṃstabhyātmānam ātmanā |
jahi śatruṃ mahābāho kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadam ||BhG_3.43||
evaṃ buddheḥ param ātmānaṃ buddhvā jñātvā saṃstabhya samyak stambhanaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ svenaivātmanā saṃskṛtena manasā samyak samādhāyety arthaḥ | jahy enaṃ śatruṃ he mahābāho ! kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsada āsādanaṃ prāptir yasya taṃ durāsadaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti ||BhGS_3.43||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||3||
BhG 4
atha caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ (śaṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
yo 'yaṃ yogo 'dhyāya-dvayenokto jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaḥ sa sannyāsaḥ karma-yogopāyaḥ | yasmin vedārthaḥ parisamāptaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca gītāsu ca sarvāsv ayam eva yogo vivakṣito bhagavatā | ataeva parisamāptaḥ pravṛttiṃ vedārthaṃ manvānas taṃ vaṃśa-kathanena stauti śrī-bhagavān |
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
imaṃ vivasvate yogaṃ proktavān aham avyayam |
vivasvān manave prāha manur ikṣvākave 'bravīt ||BhG_4.1||
imam adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ yogaṃ vivasvate ādityāya sargādau proktavān aham | jagat-paripālayitṝṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ balādhānāya | tena yoga-balena yuktāḥ samarthā bhavanti brahma parirakṣituṃ, brahma-kṣatre paripālite jagat paripālayitum alam | avyayam avyaya-phalatvāt | na hy asya samyag darśana-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya mokṣākhyaṃ phalaṃ vyeti | sa ca vivasvān manave prāha | manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyādirājāyābravīt ||BhGS_4.1||
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evaṃ paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo viduḥ |
sa kāleneha mahatā yogo naṣṭaḥ parantapa ||BhG_4.2||
evaṃ kṣatriya-paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ca rājarṣayo vidur imaṃ yogam | sa yogaḥ kāleneha mahatā dīrgheṇa naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyaḥ saṃvṛtto he parantapa ! ātmano vipakṣa-bhūtāḥ para ucyante tān śaurya-tejo-gabhastibhir bhānur iva tāpayatīti parantapaḥ śatru-tāpana ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.2||
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durlabhān ajitendriyān prāpya naṣṭaṃ yogam imam upalabhya lokaṃ cāpuruṣārtha-sambandhinam -
sa evāyaṃ mayā te 'dya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ |
bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti rahasyaṃ hy etad uttamam ||BhG_4.3||
sa evāyam mayā te tubhyam adya idānīṃ yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ | bhakto 'si me sakhā cāsīti | rahasyaṃ hi yasmād etad uttamaṃ yogo jñānam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.3||
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bhagavatā vipratiṣiddham uktam iti mā bhūt kasyacid buddhir iti parihārārthaṃ codyam iva kurvann arjuna uvāca -
aparaṃ bhavato janma paraṃ janma vivasvataḥ |
katham etad vijānīyāṃ tvam ādau proktavān iti ||BhG_4.4||
aparam arvāg vasudeva-gṛhe bhavato janma paraṃ pūrvaṃ sargādau janma utpattiḥ vivasvata ādityasya | tat katham etad vijānīyām aviruddhārthatayā yas tvam evādau proktavān imaṃ yogam | sa eva tvam idānīṃ mahyaṃ proktavān asīti ||BhGS_4.4||
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yā vāsudeve anīśvarāsarvajñāśaṅkā mūrkhāṇāṃ tāṃ pariharan śrī-bhagavān uvāca padartho hy arjunasya praśnaḥ -
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna |
tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa ||BhG_4.5||
bahūni me mama vyatītāni atikrāntāni janmāni tava ca he arjuna tāny ahaṃ veda jāne sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha jānīṣe | dharmādharmādi-pratibaddha-jñāna-śaktitvāt | ahaṃ punar nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvatvād anāvaraṇa-jñāna-śaktir iti vedāham | he parantapa ||BhGS_4.5||
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kathaṃ tarhi tava nityeśvarasya dharmādharmābhāve 'pi janma ? ity ucyate -
ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san |
prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmy ātma-māyayā ||BhG_4.6||
ajo 'pi janma-rahito 'pi san, tathāvyayātmākṣīṇa-jñāna-śakti-svabhāvo 'pi san, tathā bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānām īśvara īśana-śīlo 'pi san | prakṛtiṃ svāṃ mama vaiṣṇavīṃ māyāṃ triguṇātmikāṃ yasyā vaśe sarvam idaṃ jagad vartate | yayā mohitaṃ jagat sat svam ātmānaṃ vāsudevaṃ na jānāti | tāṃ prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya vaśīkṛtya saṃbhavāmi dehavān iva bhavāmi jāta ivātma-māyayātmano māyayā, na paramārthato lokavat ||BhGS_4.6||
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tac ca janma kadā kim-arthaṃ ca ? ity ucyate -
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata |
abhyutthānam adharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy aham ||BhG_4.7||
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir hānir varṇāśramādi-lakṣaṇasya prāṇinām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-sādhanasya bhavati | bhārata ! abhyutthānam udbhavo 'dharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy ahaṃ māyayā ||BhGS_4.7||
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kim-artham ?
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām |
dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge ||BhG_4.8||
paritrāṇāya parirakṣaṇāya sādhūnāṃ san-mārga-sthānām | vināśāya ca duṣkṛtāṃ pāpa-kāriṇām | kiṃ ca dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya dharmasya samyak-sthāpanaṃ tad-arthaṃ sambhavāmi | yuge yuge pratiyugam ||BhGS_4.8||
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janma karma ca me divyam evaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ |
tyaktvā dehaṃ punar janma naiti mām eti so 'rjuna ||BhG_4.9||
taj-janma māyā-rūpaṃ, karma ca sādhu-paritrāṇādi, me mama divyam aprākṛtam aiśvaram evaṃ yathoktaṃ yo vetti tattvatas tattvena yathāvat tyaktvā deham imaṃ punar janma punar utpattiṃ naiti na prāpnoti, mām ety āgacchati, sa mucyate he 'rjuna ||BhGS_4.9||
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naiṣa mokṣa-mārga idānīṃ pravṛttaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? pūrvam api -
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā man-mayā mām upāśritāḥ |
bahavo jñāna-tapasā pūtā mad-bhāvam āgatāḥ ||BhG_4.10||
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ - rāgaś ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś ca rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ, vītā vigatā rāga-bhaya-krodhā yebhyas te vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ | man-mayā brahma-vida īśvarābheda-darśinaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram upāśritāḥ | kevala-jñāna-niṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | bahavo 'neke jñāna-tapasā jñānam eva ca paramātma-viṣayaṃ tapaḥ | tena jñāna-tapasā | pūtāḥ parāṃ śuddhiṃ gatāḥ santaḥ | mad-bhāvam īśvara-bhāvaṃ mokṣam āgatāḥ samanuprāptāḥ | itara-tapo-nirapekṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā ity asya liṅgaṃ jñāna-tapaseti viśeṣaṇam ||BhGS_4.10||
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tava tarhi rāga-dveṣau staḥ | yena kebhyaścit evātma-bhāvaṃ prayacchasi, na sarvebhyaḥ | ity ucyate -
ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ||BhG_4.11||
ye yathā yena prakāreṇa yena prayojanena yat-phalārthitayā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva tat-phala-dānena bhajāmy anugṛhṇāmy aham ity etat | teṣāṃ mokṣaṃ pratyanarthitvāt | na hy ekasya mumukṣutvaṃ phalārthitvaṃ ca yugapat sambhavati | ato ye yat-phalārthinas tāṃs tat-phala-pradānena, ye yathokta-kāriṇas tv aphalārthino mumukṣavaś ca tān jñāna-pradānena | ye jñāninaḥ sannyāsino mumukṣavaś ca tān mokṣa-pradānena, tathārtānārti-haraṇena ity evaṃ yathā prapadyante ye tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmīty arthaḥ | na punār rāga-dveṣa-nimittaṃ moha-nimittaṃ vā kaṃcid bhajāmi | sarvathāpi sarvāvasthasya mameśvarasya vartma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | yat-phalārthitayā yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtā ye prayatante te manuṣyā atra ucyante he pārtha sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_4.11||
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yadi taveśvarasya rāgādi-doṣābhāvāt sarva-prāṇiṣv anujighṛkṣāyāṃ tulyāyāṃ sarva-phala-pradāna-samarthe ca tvayi sati vāsudevaḥ sarvaṃ [Gītā 7.19] iti jñānenaiva mumukṣavaḥ santaḥ kasmāt tvām eva sarve na pratipadyante ? iti śṛṇu tatra kāraṇam -
kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ yajanta iha devatāḥ |
kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke siddhir bhavati karmajā ||BhG_4.12||
kāṅkṣanto 'bhīpsantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ phala-niṣpattiṃ prārthayanto yajanta ihāsmin loke devatā indrādgny-ādyāḥ | atha yo 'nyāṃ devatām upāste 'nyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda, yathā paśuḥ | evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | teṣāṃ hi bhinna-devatāyājināṃ phalākāṅkṣiṇāṃ kṣipraṃ śīghraṃ hi yasmān mānuṣe loke | manuṣya-loke hi śāstrādhikāraḥ | kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇāt | anyeṣv api karma-phala-siddhiṃ darśayati bhagavān | mānuṣe loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāra iti viśeṣaḥ | teṣāṃ ca varṇāśramādhikāriṇāṃ karmiṇāṃ phala-siddhiḥ kṣipraṃ bhavati karmajā karmaṇo jātā ||BhGS_4.12||
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mānuṣa eva loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāraḥ | nānyeṣu lokeṣv iti niyamaḥ kiṃ-nimittaḥ ? iti | athavā varṇāśramādi-pravibhāgopetā manuṣyā mama vartmānuvartante sarvaśa [Gītā 4.11] ity uktaṃ kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān niyamena tavaiva vartmānuvartante, nānyasya kim ? ucyate -
cātur-varṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ |
tasya kartāram api māṃ viddhy akartāram avyayam ||BhG_4.13||
cāturvarṇyaṃ catvāra eva varṇāś cāturvarṇyaṃ mayeśvareṇa sṛṣṭam utpāditaṃ brāhmaṇo 'sya mukham āsīt [Ṛk 8.4.19.2, Yajuḥ 32.11] ity ādi śruteḥ | guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇa-vibhāgaśaḥ karma-vibhāgaśaś ca | guṇāḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi | tatra sāttvikasya sattva-pradhānasya brāhmaṇasya śamo damas tapaḥ [Gītā 18.42] ity ādīni karmāṇi | sattvopa-sarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya kṣatriyasya śaurya-tejaḥ-prabhṛtīni karmāṇi | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya vaiśyasya kṛṣy-ādīni karmāṇi | raja-upasarjana-tamaḥ-pradhānasya śūdrasya śuśrūṣaiva karma | ity evaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaś cāturguṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭam ity arthaḥ | tac cedaṃ cāturvarṇyaṃ nānyeṣu lokeṣu | ato mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇam | hanta tarhi cāturvarṇya-sargādeḥ karmaṇaḥ kartṛtvāt tat-phalena yujyase 'to na tvaṃ nitya-mukto nityeśvaraś ceti | ucyate - yadyapi māyā-saṃvyavahāreṇa tasya karmaṇaḥ kartāram api santaṃ māṃ paramārthato viddhy akartāraṃ, ataevāvyayam asaṃsāriṇaṃ ca māṃ viddhi ||BhGS_4.13||
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yeṣāṃ tu karmaṇāṃ kartāraṃ māṃ manyase paramārthatas teṣām akartaivāham | yato -
na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti na me karma-phale spṛhā |
iti māṃ yo 'bhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate ||BhG_4.14||
na māṃ tāni karmāṇi limpanti dehādy-ārambhakatvenāhaṅkārābhāvāt | na ca teṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phale me mama spṛhā tṛṣṇā | yeṣāṃ tu saṃsāriṇām ahaṃ kartety ābhimānaḥ karmasu spṛhā tat-phaleṣu ca tān karmāṇi limpantīti yuktam | tad-abhāvān na māṃ karmāṇi limpantīti | evaṃ yo 'nye 'pi mām ātmatvenābhijānāti nāhaṃ kartā na me karma-phale spṛheti na karmabhir na badhyate | tasyāpi na dehādy-ārambhakāni karmāṇi bhavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.14||
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nāhaṃ kartā, na me karma-phale spṛheti -
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ |
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvaṃ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ||BhG_4.15||
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtam karma pūrvair apy atikrāntair mumukṣubhiḥ | kuru tena karmaiva tvam | na tuṣṇīm āsanaṃ nāpi saṃnyāsaḥ kartavyaḥ | tasmāt tvat-pūrvair apy anuṣṭhitatvād yady anātmajñas tvaṃ tad ātma-śuddhy-artham | tattvavic cet loka-saṃgrahārtham | pūrve janakādibhiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam | nādhunātana-kṛtaṃ nivartitam ||BhGS_4.15||
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tatra karma cet kartavyaṃ tvad-vacanād eva karomy aham | kiṃ viśeṣitena ? pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam [Gītā 4.15] iti | ucyate -- yasmān mahad vaiṣamyaṃ karmaṇi | katham ?
kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ |
tat te karma pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt ||BhG_4.16||
kiṃ karma kim cākarmeti kavayo medhāvino 'py atrāsmin karmādi-viṣaye mohitā mohaṃ gatāḥ | atas te tubhyam ahaṃ karmākarma ca pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā viditvā karmādi mokṣyase 'śubhāt saṃsārāt ||BhGS_4.16||
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na caitat tvayā mantavyaṃ, karma nāma dehādi-ceṣṭā loka-prasiddhaṃ, akarma nāma tad-akriyā tūṣṇīm āsanam | kiṃ tatra boddhavyam ? iti | kasmāt ? ucyate -
karmaṇo hy api boddhavyaṃ boddhavyaṃ ca vikarmaṇaḥ |
akarmaṇaś ca boddhavyaṃ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ ||BhG_4.17||
karmaṇaḥ śāstra-vihitasya hi yasmād apy asti boddhavyam | boddhavyam cāsty eva vikarmaṇaḥ pratiṣiddhasya | tathākarmaṇaś ca tūṣṇīmbhāvasya boddhavyam astīti triṣv apy adhyāhāraḥ kartavyaḥ | yasmād gahanā viṣamā durjñānā karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇārthaṃ karmādīnāṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇāṃ gatir yāthātmyaṃ tattvam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.17||
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kiṃ punas tattvaṃ karmāder yad boddhavyam vakṣyāmīti pratijñātam ? ucyate --
karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ |
sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu sa yuktaḥ kṛtsna-karma-kṛt ||BhG_4.18||
karmaṇi | karma kriyata iti karma vyāpāra-mātraṃ, tasmin karmaṇy akarma karmābhāvaṃ yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca karmābhāve kartṛ-tantratvāt pravṛtti-nivṛttyor vastv aprāpyaiva hi sarva eva kriyākārakādi-vyavahāro 'vidyābhūmāv eva karma yaḥ paśyet paśyati | sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu, sa yukto yogī ca kṛtsna-karma-kṛt samasta-karma-kṛc ca sa iti stūyate karmākarmaṇor itaretara-darśī |
nanu kim idaṃ viruddham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed iti | akarmaṇi ca karma iti | na hi karmākarma syād akarma vā karma, tatra viruddhaṃ kathaṃ paśyed draṣṭā ? na | akarmaiva paramārthataḥ sat-karmavad avabhāsate mūḍha-dṛṣṭer lokasya, tathā karmaivākarmavat | tatra yathābhūta-darśanārtham āha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi | ato na viruddham buddhimattvādy-upapatteś ca | boddhavyam iti ca yathābhūta-darśanam ucyate | na ca viparīta-jñānād aśubhān mokṣaṇaṃ syāt yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti coktam | tasmāt karmākarmaṇī viparyayeṇa gṛhīte prāṇibhis tad-viparyaya-grahaṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ bhagavato vacanaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ ity ādi |
na cātra karmādhikaraṇa-karmāsti, kuṇḍe badarāṇīva | nāpy akarmādhikaraṇaṃ karmāsti karmābhāvatvād akarmaṇaḥ | ato viparīta-gṛhīte eva karmākarmaṇī laukikaiḥ, yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikāyām udakaṃ śuktikāyāṃ vā rajatam |
nanu karma karmaiva sarveṣāṃ na kvacid vyabhicarati | tan na nau-sthasya nāvi gacchantyāṃ taṭasthesv agatiṣu nageṣu pratikūla-gati-darśanāt | dūreṣu cakṣuṣāsannikṛṣṭeṣu gacchatsu gaty-abhāva-darśanāt | evam ihāpy akarmaṇy ahaṃ karomīti karma-darśanaṃ karmaṇi cākarma-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśanaṃ yena, tan-nirākaraṇārtham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet ity ādi |
tad etad ukta-prativacanam apy asakṛd atyanta-viparīta-darśana-bhāvitatayā momuhyamāno lokaḥ śrutam apy asakṛt tattvaṃ vismṛtya vismṛtya mithyā-prasaṅgam avatāryāvatārya codayatīti punaḥ punar uttaram āha bhagavān | durvijñeyatvaṃ cālakṣya vastunaḥ | avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yaṃ [Gītā 2.25], na jāyate mriyate [Gītā 2.27] ity ādinātmani karmābhāvaḥ śruti-smṛti-nyāya-prasiddha ukto vakṣyamāṇaś ca | tasminn ātmani karmābhāve 'karmaṇi karma-viparīta-darśanam atyanta-nirūḍham | yataḥ kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ [Gītā 4.16] dehādy-āśrayaṃ karmātmany adhyāropya | ahaṃ kartā mamaitat karma, mayāsya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhoktavyam iti ca | tathā ahaṃ tūṣṇīṃ bhavāmi, yenāhaṃ nirāyāso 'karmā sukhī syām iti kārya-karaṇāśraya-vyāpāroparamaṃ tat-kṛtaṃ casukhitvam ātmany adhyāropya na karomi kiṃcit tūṣṇīṃ sukham āsam ity abhimanyate lokaḥ | tatredaṃ lokasya viparīta-darśanāpanayanāyāha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi |
atra ca karma karmaiva sat kārya-karaṇāśrayaṃ karma-rahito 'vikriya ātmani sarvair adhyastam | yataḥ paṇḍito 'py ahaṃ karomīti manyate | atha ātma-samavetatayā sarva-loka-prasiddhe karmaṇi nadī-kula-stheṣv iva gatiḥ pratilaumyena | ato 'karma karmābhāvaṃ yathā-bhūtaṃ gaty-abhāvam iva vṛkṣeṣu yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāroparame karmavad ātmany adhyāropite tūṣṇīm akurvan sukham āse ity ahaṅkārābhisandhi-hetutvāt tasminn akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ paśyet | ya evaṃ karmākarma-vibhāgajñaḥ sa buddhimān paṇḍito manuṣyeṣu | sa yukto yogī kṛtsna-karma-kṛc ca | so 'śubhān mokṣitaḥ kṛta-kṛtyo bhavatīty arthaḥ |
ayaṃ śloko 'nyathā vyākhyātaḥ kaiścit | katham ? nityānāṃ kila karmaṇām īśvarārthe 'nuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ tat-phalābhāvād akarmāṇi tāny ucyante gauṇyā vṛttyā | teṣāṃ cākaraṇam akarma | tac ca pratyavāya-phalatvāt karmocyate gauṇyaiva vṛttyā | tatra nitye karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet phalābhāvāt | yathā dhenur api gaur agaur ucyate kṣīrākhyaṃ phalaṃ na prayacchatīti tadvat | tathā nityākaraṇe tv akarmaṇi karmaḥ āśyen narakādi-pratyavāya-phalaṃ prayacchatīti | naitad yuktaṃ vyākhyānam | evaṃ-jñānād aśubhān mokṣānupapatteḥ | yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti bhagavatoktaṃ vacanaṃ bodhyeta | katham ? nityānām anuṣṭhānād aśubhāt syān nāma mokṣaṇam | na tu teṣāṃ phalābhāva-jñānāt | na hi nityānāṃ phalābhāva-jñānam aśubha-mukti-phalatvena coditaṃ nitya-karma-jñānaṃ vā | na ca bhagavativehoktam |
etenākarmaṇi karma-darśanaṃ pratyuktam | na hy akarmaṇi karmeti darśanaṃ kartavyatayeha codyate, nityasya tu kartavyatā-mātram | na cākaraṇān nityasya pratyavāyo bhavatīti vijñānāt kiṃcit phalaṃ syāt | nāpi nityākaraṇaṃ jñeyatvena coditam | nāpi karmākarmeti mithā-darśanād aśubhān mokṣaṇam | buddhimattvaṃ, yuktatā, kṛtsna-karma-kṛttvādi ca phalam upapadyate stutir vā | mithyā-jñānam eva hi sākṣād aśubha-rūpaṃ kuto 'nyasmād aśubhān mokṣaṇam ? na hi tamas tamaso nivartakaṃ bhavati |
nanu karmaṇi yad akarma-darśanam akarmaṇi vā karma-darśanaṃ, na tan-mithyā-jñānam | kiṃ tarhi gauṇaṃ phala-bhāvābhāva-nimittam ? na, karmākarma-vijñānād api gauṇāt phalasyāśravaṇāt | nāpi śruta-hānya-śruta-parikalpanayā kaścid viśeṣo labhyate | sva-śabdenāpi śakyaṃ vaktuṃ nitya-karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ nāsty akaraṇāc ca teṣāṃ naraka-pātaḥ syād iti | tatra vyājena para-vyāmoha-rūpeṇa karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādinā kim ? tatraiva vyācakṣāṇena bhagavatoktaṃ vākyaṃ loka-vyāmohārtham iti vyaktaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitac chadma-rūpeṇa vākyena rakṣaṇīyaṃ vastu, nāpi śabdāntareṇa punaḥ punar ucyamānaṃ subodhaṃ syād ity evaṃ vaktuṃ yuktam | karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] ity atra hi sphuṭatara ukto 'rtho na punar vaktavyo bhavati | sarvatra ca praśastaṃ boddhavyaṃ ca kartavyam eva, na niṣprayojanaṃ boddhavyam ity ucyate |
na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ bhavati tat-pratyupasthāpitaṃ vā vastv-ābhāsam | nāpi nityānām akaraṇād abhāvāt prayavāya-bhāvotpattiḥ | nāsato vidyate bhāvo [Gītā 2.16] iti vacanāt | tat-katham asataḥ saj jāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti ca darśitam | asataḥ saj-janma-pratiṣedhād asataḥ sad-utpattiṃ bruvatā 'sad eva sad bhavet | sac cāsad bhaved ity uktaṃ syāt | tac cāyuktaṃ, sarva-pramāṇa-virodhāt | na ca niṣphalaṃ vidadhyāt karma śāstraṃ duḥkha-svarūpatvāt | duḥkhasya ca buddhi-pūrvakatayā kāryatvānupapatteḥ | tad-akaraṇe ca naraka-pātābhyupagame 'narthāyaiva | ubhayathāpi karaṇe 'karaṇe ca śāstraṃ niṣphalaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | svābhyupagama-virodhaś ca nityaṃ niṣphalaṃ karmety abhyupagamya mokṣa-phalāyeti bruvataḥ | tasmād yathā-śruta evārthaḥ karmaṇy akarma ya ity ādeḥ | tathā ca vyākhyāto 'smābhiḥ ślokaḥ ||BhGS_4.18||
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tad etat karmaṇy akarmādi-darśanaṃ stūyate -
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ |
jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ tam āhuḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ ||BhG_4.19||
yasya yathokta-darśinaḥ sarve yāvantaḥ samārambhāḥ karmāṇi samārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ | kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ kāmaistat-kāraṇaiś ca saṅkalpa-varjitā mudhaiva ceṣṭā-mātrā anuṣṭhīyante | pravṛttena cel loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ, nivṛttena cej jīvana-mātrārthaṃ, taṃ jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ karmādāv akarmādi-darśanaṃ jñānaṃ, tad evāgnis tena jñānāgninā dagdhāni śubhāśubha-lakṣaṇāni karmāṇi yasya | tam āhuḥ paramārthataḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ brahma-vidaḥ ||BhGS_4.19||
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yas tu karmādāv akarmādi-darśī so 'karmādi-darśanād eva niṣkarmā sannyāsī jīvana-mātrārtha-ceṣṭaḥ san karmaṇi na pravartate, yadyapi prāg-vivekataḥ pravṛttaḥ | yas tu prārabdha-karmā sann uttara-kālam utpannātma-samyag-darśanaḥ syāt, sa sarva-karmaṇi prayojanam apaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma pariyajaty eva | sa kutaścin nimittāt karma-parityāgāsambhave sati karmaṇi tat-phale ca saṅga-rahitatayā sva-prayojanābhāvāl loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ pūrvavat karmaṇi pravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvāt tadīyaṃ karmākarmaiva sampadyata ity etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha -
tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ nitya-tṛpto nirāśrayaḥ |
karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ ||BhG_4.20||
tyaktvā karmasv abhimānaṃ phalāsaṅgaṃ ca yathoktena jñānena nitya-tṛpto nirākāṅkṣo viṣayeṣv ity arthaḥ | nirāśraya āśraya-rahitaḥ | āśrayo nāma yad āśritya puruṣārthaṃ sisādhayiṣati | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanāśraya-rahita ity arthaḥ | viduṣā kriyamāṇaṃ karma paramārthato 'karmaiva | tasya niṣkriyātma-darśana-sampannatvāt | tenaivambhūtena sva-prayojanābhāvāt sa-sādhanaṃ karma parityaktavyam eveti prāpte, tato nirgamāsambhavāl loka-saṅgraha-cikīrṣayā śiṣṭa-vigarhaṇāparijihīrṣayā vā pūrvavat karmaṇy-abhipravṛtto 'pi niṣkryātma-darśana-sampannatvān naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ ||BhGS_4.20||
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yaḥ punaḥ pūrvokta-viparītaḥ prāg eva karmāmbhād brahmaṇi sarvāntare pratyag-ātmani niṣkriye saṃjātātma-darśanaḥ, sa dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-viṣayāśīr vivarjitatayā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe karmaṇi prayojanam apyaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma saṃnyasya śarīra-yātrā-mātra-ceṣṭo yatir jñāna-niṣṭho mucyata iti | etad arthaṃ darśayitum āha-
nirāśīr yata-cittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ||BhG_4.21||
nirāśīr nirgatā āśiṣo yasmāt sa nirāśīḥ | yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥ-karaṇam | ātmā bāhyaḥ kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātaḥ | tāv ubhāv api yatau saṃyatau yasya sa yata-cittātmā | tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ - tyaktaḥ sarvaḥ parigraho yena sa tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ | śārīraṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevalaṃ tatrāpi abhimāna-varjitaṃ karma kurvan | nāpnoti na prāpnoti kilbiṣam aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ pāpaṃ dharmaṃ ca | dharmo 'pi mumukṣor aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ kilbiṣam eva | bandhāpādakatvāt | tasmāt tābhyāṃ mukto bhavati, saṃsārān mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ |
kiṃ ca śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karmety atra kiṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretam ? āho svic charīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karma ? iti | kiṃ cāto yadi śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karma yadi vā śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śarīram ? iti | ucyate -- yadā śarīra-nirvartyaṃ karma śārīram abhipretaṃ syāt tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma pratiṣiddham api śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam iti bruvato viruddhābhidhānaṃ prasajyeta | śāstrīyaṃ ca karma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ity api bruvato 'prāpta-pratiṣedha-prasaṅgaḥ | śārīraṃ karma kurvan iti viśeṣaṇāt kevala-śabda-prayogāc ca vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-viṣayaṃ dharmādharma-śabda-vācyaṃ kurvan prāpnoti kilbiṣam ity uktaṃ syāt |
tatrāpi vāṅ-manasābhyāṃ vihitānuṣṭhāna-pakṣe kilbiṣa-prāpti-vacanaṃ viruddham āpadyeta | pratiṣiddha-sevi-pakṣe 'pi bhūtārthānuvāda-mātram anarthakaṃ syāt | yadā tu śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretaṃ bhavet, tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-gamyaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyam anyad akruvaṃs tair eva śarīrādibhiḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevala-śabda-prayogāt ahaṃ karomi ity abhimāna-varjitaḥ śarīrādi-ceṣṭā-mātraṃ loka-dṛṣṭyā kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam | evambhūtasya pāpa-śabda-vācya-kilbiṣa-prāpty-asambhavāt kilbiṣaṃ saṃsāraṃ nāpnoti | jñānāgni-dagdha-sarva-karmatvād apratibandhena mucyate eveti pūrvokta-samyag-darśana-phalānuvāda evaiṣaḥ | evaṃ śarīraṃ kevalaṃ karma ity asyārthasya parigrahe niravadyaṃ bhavati ||BhGS_4.21||
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tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yater annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetorḥ parigrahasyābhāvād yācanādinā śarīra-sthitau kartavyatāyāṃ prāptāyāṃ ayācitam asaṃk ptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā [Mbh 14.46.19; Baudhayana-dharma-sūtra 21.8.12] ity ādinā vacanenānujñātaṃ yateḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor annādeḥ prāpti-dvāram āviṣkurvann āha -
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭo dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ |
samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate ||BhG_4.22||
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭaḥ prārthitopanato lābho yadṛcchā-lābhaḥ, tena santuṣṭaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | dvandvātīto dvandvaiḥ śītoṣṇādibhir hanyamāno 'py aviṣaṇṇa-citto dvandvātīta ucyate | vimatsaro vigata-matsaro nirvaira-buddhiḥ | samas tulyo yadṛcchā-lābhasya siddhāv asiddhau ca, ya evambhūto yatir annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor lābhālābhayoḥ samo harṣa-viṣāda-varjitaḥ, karmādāv akarmādi-darśī, yathā-bhūtātma-darśana-niṣṭhaḥ san śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojane bhikṣāṭanādi-karmaṇi śarīrādi-nirvartye naiva kiṃcit karomīti [Gītā 5.8] guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta [Gītā 3.28] ity evaṃ sadā samparicakṣāṇa ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhāvaṃ paśyann eva kiṃcid bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma karoti | loka-vyavahāra-sāmānya-darśanena tu laukikair āropita-kartṛtve bhikṣāṭanādau karmaṇi kartā bhavati | svānubhavena tu śāstra-pramāṇādi-janitenākartraiva | sa evaṃ parādhyāropita-kartṛtvaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate, bandha-hetoḥ karmaṇaḥ sahetukasya jñānāgninā dagdhatvād ity uktānuvāda evaiṣaḥ ||BhGS_4.22||
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tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ [Gītā 4.20] ity anena ślokena yaḥ prārabdha-karmā san yadā niṣkriya-brahmātma-darśana-sampannaḥ syāt tadā tasyātmanaḥ kartṛ-karma-prayojanābhāva-darśinaḥ karma-parityāge prāpte kutaścin nimittāt tad-asambhave sati pūrvavat tasmin karmaṇy abhipravṛttasyāpi naiva kiṃcit karoti sa [Gītā 4.20] itikarmābhāvaḥ pradarśitaḥ | yasyaivaṃ karmābhāvo darśitas tasyaiva -
gata-saṅgasya muktasya jñānāvasthita-cetasaḥ |
yajñāyācarataḥ karma samagraṃ pravilīyate ||BhG_4.23||
gata-saṅgasya sarvato nivṛttāsakter muktasya nivṛtta-dharmādharmādi-bandhanasya, jñānāvasthita-cetaso jñāna evāvasthitaṃ ceto yasya so 'yaṃ jñānāvasthita-cetāḥ | tasya yajñāya yajña-nirvṛtty-artham ācarato nirvartayataḥ karma samagraṃ sahāgreṇa phalena vartata iti samagraṃ karma tat-samagraṃ pravilīyate vinaśyatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.23||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt kriyamāṇaṃ karma svakāryārambham akurvat samagraṃ pravilīyata ity ucyate ? yataḥ -
brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam |
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā ||BhG_4.24||
brahmārpaṇaṃ yena karaṇena brahmavid havir agnāv arpayati | tad brahmaiveti paśyati tasyātma-vyatirekeṇābhāvaṃ paśyati | yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatābhāvaṃ paśyati tad ucyate brahmaivārpaṇam iti | yathā yad rajataṃ tac chuktikaiveti | brahma arpaṇam ity asamaste pade yad-arpaṇa-buddhyā gṛhyate loke tad asya brahma-vido brahmaivety arthaḥ |
brahma havis tathā yad dhavir buddhyā gṛhyamāṇaṃ tad brahmaivāsay | tathā brahmāgnau iti samastaṃ padam | agnir api brahmaiva | yatra hūyate brahmaṇā kartrā brahmaiva kartety arthaḥ | yat tena hutaṃ havana-kriyā tad brahmaiva | yat tena gantavyaṃ phalaṃ tad api brahmaiva | brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva karma brahma-karma tasmin samādhir yasya sa brahma-karma-samādhis tena brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva gantavyam |
evaṃ loka-saṅgrahaṃ cikīrṣuṇāpi kriyamāṇaṃ karam, paramārthato 'karma brahma-buddhy-upamṛditvāt | evaṃ sati nivṛtta-karmaṇo 'pi sarva-karma-sannyāsinaḥ samyag-darśana-stuty-arthaṃ yajñatva-sampādanaṃ jñānasya sutarām upapadyate | yad-arpaṇādy-adhiyajñe prasiddhaṃ tad asyādhyātmaṃ brahmaiva paramārtha-darśina iti | anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | tasmād brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity abhijānato viduṣaḥ sarva-karmābhāvaḥ |
kāraka-buddhy-abhāvāc ca | nahi kāraka-buddhi-rahitaṃ yajñākhyaṃ karma dṛṣṭam | sarvam evāgni-hotrādikaṃ karma śabda-samarpita-devatā-viśeṣa-sampradānādi-kāraka-buddhimat-kartr-abhimāna-phalābhisandhimac ca dṛṣṭam | nopamṛdita-kriyākāraka-phala-bheda-buddhimat kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ vā | idaṃ tu brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddhi karmāto 'karmaiva tat |
tathā ca darśitaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18], karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ [Gītā 4.20], guṇā guṇeṣu vartante [Gītā 3.28], naiva kiṃcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit [Gītā 5.8] ity ādibhiḥ | tathā ca darśayaṃs tatra tatra kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-buddhy-upamardaṃ karoti | dṛṣṭā ca kāmyāgnihotrādau kāmopamardena kāmyāgnihotrādi-hāniḥ | tathā mati-pūrvakām atipūrvakādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ kārya-viśeṣasyārambhakatvaṃ dṛṣṭam | tathehāpi brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddher bāhya-ceṣṭā-mātreṇa karmāpi viduṣo 'karma sampadyate | ata uktaṃ samagraṃ pravilīyate [Gītā 4.23] iti |
atra kecid āhuḥ - yad brahma tad arpaṇādīni | brahmaiva kilārpaṇādinā pañca-vidhena kārakātmanā vyavasthitaṃ sat tad eva karma karoti | tatra nārpaṇādi-buddhir nivartyate | kintv arpaṇādiṣu brahma-buddhir ādhīyate | yathā pratimādau viṣṇv-ādi-buddhiḥ, yathā vā nāmādau brahma-buddhir iti | satyam evam api syād yadi jñāna-yajña-stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇaṃ na syāt | atra tu samyag-darśanaṃ jñāna-yajña-śabditam anekān yajña-śabditān kriyā-viśeṣān upanyasya śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] iti jñānaṃ stauti | atra ca samartham idaṃ vacanaṃ brahmārpaṇam ity ādi jñānasya yajñatva-sampādane, anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | ye tv arpaṇādiṣu pratimāyāṃ viṣṇu-dṛṣṭivad brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ kṣipyate | nāmādiṣv iva ceti bruvate, na teṣāṃ brahma-vidyokteha vivakṣitā syāt | arpaṇādi-viṣayatvāj jñānasya | na ca dṛṣṭi-sampādana-jñānena mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyate | brahmaiva tena gantavyam iti cocyate |
viruddhaṃ ca samyag-darśanam antareṇa mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyata iti | prakṛti-virodhaś ca | samyag-darśanaṃ ca prakṛtaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18] ity atrānte ca samyag-darśanaṃ tasyaivopasaṃhārāt | śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntiṃ [Gītā 4.39] ity ādinā samyag-darśana-stutim eva kurvann upakṣīṇo 'dhyāyaḥ | tatrākasmād arpaṇādau brahma-dṛṣṭir aprakaraṇe pratimāyām iva viṣṇu-dṛṣṭir ucyata ity anupapannam | tasmād yathā-vyākhyātārtha evāyaṃ ślokaḥ ||BhGS_4.24||
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tatrādhunā samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ sampādya tat-stuty-artham anye 'pi yajñā upakṣipyante -
daivam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ paryupāsate |
brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṃ yajñenaivopajuhvati ||BhG_4.25||
daivam eva devā ijyante yena yajñenāsau daivo yajñas tam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ paryupāsate, kurvantīty arthaḥ | brahmāgnau satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma [TaittU 2.1] vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma [BAU 3.9.28], yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1], ity ādi vacanoktam aśanāyāpipāsādi-sarva-saṃsāra-dharma-varjitaṃ neti neti [BAU 4.4.22] iti nirastāśeṣa-viśeṣaṃ brahma-śabdenocyate | brahma ca tad-agniś ca sa homādhikaraṇatva-vivakṣayā brahmāgnis tasmin brahmāgnāv apare 'nye brahma-vido yajñaṃ yajña-śabda-vācya ātmā ātma-nāmasu yajña-śabdasya pāṭhāt [Nirukti 14.11] tam ātmānaṃ yajñaṃ paramārthataḥ param eva brahma santaṃ buddhyādy-upādhi-saṃyuktam adhyasta-sarvopādhi-dharmakam āhuti-rūpaṃ yajṇinaivātmanaivokta-lakṣaṇopajuhvati prakṣipanti, sopādhikasyātmano nirupādhikena para-brahma-svarūpeṇaiva yad darśanaṃ, sa tasmin homas taṃ kurvanti, brahmātmaikatva-darśana-niṣṭhāḥ sannyāsina ity arthaḥ | so 'yaṃ samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇo yajño daiva-yajñādiṣu yajñeṣūpakṣipyante brahmārpaṇam ity ād-ślokaiḥ prastutaḥ śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] ity ādinā stuty-artham ||BhGS_4.25||
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śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye saṃyamāgniṣu juhvati |
śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati ||BhG_4.26||
śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye yoginaḥ saṃyamāgniṣu pratīndriyaṃ saṃyamo bhidyata iti bahu-vacanam | saṃyamā evāgnayas teṣu juhvati | indriya-saṃyamam eva kurvantīty arthaḥ | śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati, indriyāṇy evāgnayas teṣv indriyāgniṣu juhvati śrotrādibhir aviruddha-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ homaṃ manyante ||BhGS_4.26||
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kiṃ ca -
sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare |
ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite ||BhG_4.27||
sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi indriyāṇāṃ karmāṇīndriya-karmāṇi | tathā prāṇa-karmāṇi prāṇo vāyur ādhyātmikas tat-karmāṇy ākuñcana-prasāraṇādīni tāni cāpara ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau, ātmani saṃyama ātma-saṃyamaḥ | sa eva yogāgnis tasminn ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati prakṣipanti | jñāna-dīpite sneheneva pradīpite viveka-vijñānenojjvala-bhāvam āpādite pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.27||
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dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā yoga-yajñās tathāpare |
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ ||BhG_4.28||
dravya-yajñās tīrtheṣu dravya-viniyogaṃ yajña-buddhyā kurvanti ye te dravya-yajñāḥ | tapo-yajñās tapo yajño yeṣāṃ tapasvināṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yoga-yajñāḥ prāṇāyāma-pratyāhārādi-lakṣaṇo yogo yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | tathāpare svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca svādhyāyo yathā-vidhi ṛg-ādy-abhyāso yajño yeṣāṃ te svādhyāya-yajñāḥ | jñāna-yajñā jñānaṃ śāstrārtha-parijñānaṃ yajño yeṣāṃ te jñāna-yajñāḥ | svādhyāya-yajñā jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayo yatana-śīlāḥ | śaṃsita-vratāḥ samyak śitāni tanūkṛtāni tīkṣṇīkṛtāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te saṃśita-vratāḥ ||BhGS_4.28||
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kiṃ ca -
apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare |
prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ ||BhG_4.29||
apāne 'pāna-vṛttau juhvati pratikṣipanti prāṇaṃ prāṇa-vṛttiṃ, pūrakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare juhvati | recakākhyaṃ ca prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty etat | prāṇāpāna-gatī mukhya-nāsikābhyāṃ vāyor nirgamanaṃ prāṇasya gatis tad-viparyayeṇādho-gamanam apānasya gatis, te prāṇāpāna-gatī | ete ruddhvā nirudhya prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ prāṇāyāma-tat-parāḥ kumbhakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.29||
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kiṃ ca -
apare niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣu juhvati |
sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||BhG_4.30||
apare niyatāhārā niyataḥ parimita āhāro yeṣāṃ te niyatāhārāḥ santaḥ, prāṇān vāyu-bhedān prāṇeṣv eva juhvati | yasya yasya vāyor jayaḥ kriyata itarān vāyu-bhedān tasmin tasmin juhvati, te tatra praviṣṭā iva bhavanti | sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapitakalmaṣā yajñair yathoktaiḥ kṣapito nāśitaḥ kalmaṣo yeṣāṃ te yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||BhGS_4.30||
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evaṃ yathoktān yajñān nirvatrya ---
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti brahma sanātanam |
nāyaṃ loko 'sty ayajñasya kuto 'nyaḥ kurusattama ||BhG_4.31||
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yajñānāṃ śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ ca tad amṛtaṃ ca yajña-śiṣṭāmṛtaṃ tad bhuñjata iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ | yathoktān yajñān kṛtvā tac-chiṣṭena kālena yathā-vidhi-coditam annam amṛtākhyaṃ bhuñjate iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti gacchanti brahma sanātanaṃ cirantanaṃ mumukṣavaś cet | kālātikramāpekṣayeti sāmarthyād gamyate | nāyaṃ lokaḥ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇo 'py asti yathoktānāṃ yajñānām eko 'pi yajño yasya nāsti so 'yajñas tasya | kuto 'nyo viśiṣṭa-sādhana-sādhyaḥ kuru-sattama ||BhGS_4.31||
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evaṃ bahu-vidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe |
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase ||BhG_4.32||
evaṃ yathoktā bahu-vidhā bahu-prakārā yajñā vitatā vistīrṇā brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe dvāre veda-dvāreṇa avagamyamānā brahmaṇo mukhe vitatā ucyante | tad yathā vāci hi prāṇaṃ juhumaḥ ity ādayaḥ | karmajān kāyika-vācika-mānasa-karmodbhavān viddhi tān sarvān anātmajān, nirvyāpāro hy ātmā | ata evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase 'śubhāt | na mad-vyāpārā ime, nirvyāpāro 'ham udāsīna ity evaṃ jñātvāsmāt samyag-darśanān mokṣyase saṃsāra-bandhanād ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.32||
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brahmārpaṇam [Gītā 4.24] ity ādi lokena samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ saṃpāditam | yajñāś cāneka upadiṣṭāḥ | taiḥ siddha-puruṣārtha-prayojanair jñānaṃ stūyate | katham ? ---
śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa |
sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate ||BhG_4.33||
śreyān dravya-mayāt dravya-sādhana-sādhyād yajñāj jñāna-yajño he paraṃtapa | dravya-mayo hi yajñaḥ phalasyārambhakaḥ, jñāna-yajño na phalārambhakaḥ, ataḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | katham ? yataḥ sarvaṃ karma samastam akhilam apratibaddhaṃ pārtha jñāne mokṣa-sādhane sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye parisamāpyate antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.4] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_4.33||
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tad etad viśiṣṭāṃ jñānaṃ tarhi kena prāpyata ity ucyate ---
tad viddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā |
upadekṣyanti te jñānaṃ jñāninas tattva-darśinaḥ ||BhG_4.34||
tat viddhi vijānīhi yena vidhinā prāpyate iti | ācāryān abhigamya, praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena | kathaṃ bandhaḥ ? kathaṃ mokṣaḥ ? kā vidyā ? kā cāvidyā ? iti paripraśnena, sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā evam ādinā | praśrayeṇāvarjitā ācāryā upadekṣyanti kathayiṣyanti te jñānaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇaṃ jñāninaḥ | jñānavanto 'pi kecid yathāvat tattva-darśana-śīlāḥ, apare na | ato viśinaṣṭi tattva-darśina iti | ye samyag-darśinas tair upadiṣṭaṃ jñānaṃ kārya-kṣamaṃ bhavati | netarad iti bhagavato matam ||BhGS_4.34||
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tathā ca satīdamapi samarthaṃ vacanam --
yaj jñātvā na punar moham evaṃ yāsyasi pāṇḍava |
yena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa drakṣyasy ātmany atho mayi ||BhG_4.35||
yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ tair upadiṣṭam adhigamya prāpya punar bhūyo moham evaṃ yathedānīṃ mohaṃ gato 'si punar evaṃ na yāsyasi he pāṇḍāva | kiṃ ca ---- yena jñānena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni drakṣyasi sākṣād ātmani pratyag ātmani mat-saṃsthānīmāni bhūtānīty atho api mayi vāsudeve parameśvare cemānīti | kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvaṃ sarvopaniṣat-prasiddhaṃ drakṣyasīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.35||
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kiṃ caitasya jñānasya māhātmyam ---
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛttamaḥ |
sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi ||BhG_4.36||
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛdbhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'tiśayena pāpa-kṛt pāpa-kṛttamaḥ sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva jñānam eva plavaṃ kṛtvā vṛjinaṃ vṛjinārṇavaṃ pāpa-samudraṃ saṃtariṣyasi | dharmo 'pīha mumukṣoḥ pāpam ucyate ||BhGS_4.36||
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jñānaṃ kathaṃ nāśayati pāpam ? iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam ucyate ---
yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute 'rjuna |
jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā ||BhG_4.37||
yathaidhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ samyag iddho dīpto 'gnir bhasmasāt bhasmībhāvaṃ kurute he arjuna, jñānam eva agnir jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā nirbījīkarotīty arthaḥ | na hi sākṣād eva jñānāgniḥ karmāṇīndhanavat bhasmīkartuṃ śaknoti | tasmāt samyag darśanaṃ sarva-karmaṇāṃ nirbījatve kāraṇam ity abhiprāyaḥ | sāmarthyād yena karmaṇā arīram ārabdhaṃ tat pravṛtta-phalatvād upabhogenaiva kṣīyate | tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ yāvan na vimokṣye 'tha sampatsye [ChāU 6.14.1] ato yāny apravṛtta-phalāni jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtāni jñāna-sahabhāvīni cātītāneka-janma-kṛtāni ca tāny eva sarvāṇi bhasmasāt kurute ||BhGS_4.37||
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yataḥ evam ataḥ---
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate |
tat svayaṃ yoga-saṃsiddhaḥ kālenātmani vindati ||BhG_4.38||
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ tulyaṃ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam iha vidyate | taj jñānaṃ svayam eva yoga-saṃsiddho yogena karma-yogena samādhi-yogena ca saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ san mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatā ātmani vindati labhate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.38||
============================== yenaikāntena jñāna-prāptir bhavati sa upāya upadiśyate ---
śraddhāvāṃl labhate jñānaṃ tat-paraḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ |
jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntim acireṇādhigacchati ||BhG_4.39||
śraddhāvān śraddhālur labhate jñānam | śraddhālutve 'pi bhavati kaścin manda-prasthānaḥ, ata āha --- tat-paraḥ | gurūpāsadanādāv abhiyukto jñāna-labdhy-upāye śraddhāvān | tat-paro 'py ajitendriyaḥ syāt ity ata āha --- saṃyatendriyaḥ | saṃyatāni viṣayebhyo nivartitāni yasyendriyāṇi sa saṃyatendriyaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ śraddhāvān tat-paraḥ saṃyatendriyaś ca so 'vaśyaṃ jñānaṃ labhate | praṇipātādis tu bāhyo 'naikāntiko 'pi bhavati, māyāvitvādi-saṃbhavāt | na tu tat śraddhāvattvādau ity ekāntato jñāna-labdhy-upāyaḥ | kiṃ punar jñāna-lābhāt syād ity ucyate -- jñānaṃ labdhvā paraṃ mokṣākhyāṃ śāntim uparatim acireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati | samyag-darśanāt kṣipram eva mokṣo bhavatīti sarva-śāstra-nyāya-prasiddhaḥ suniścito 'rthaḥ ||BhGS_4.39||
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atra saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ, pāpiṣṭho hi saṃśayaḥ | katham ity ucyate ---
ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca saṃśayātmā vinaśyati |
nāyaṃ loko 'sti na paro na sukhaṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ ||BhG_4.40||
ajñaś cānātmajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca guru-vākya-śāstreṣv aviśvāsavāṃś ca saṃśayātmā ca saṃśaya-cittaś ca vinaśyati | ajñāśraddadhānau yadyapi vinaśyataḥ, na tathā yathā saṃśayātmā | saṃśayātmā tu pāpiṣṭhaḥ sarveṣām | katham ? nāyaṃ sādhāraṇo 'pi loko 'sti | tathā na paro lokaḥ | na sukham, tatrāpi saṃśayotpatteḥ saṃśayātmanaḥ saṃśaya-cittasya | tasmāt saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ ||BhGS_4.40||
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kasmāt ? ----
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayam |
ātmavantaṃ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanañjaya ||BhG_4.41||
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇena yogena saṃnyastāni karmāṇi yena paramārtha-darśinā dharmādharmākhyāni taṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇam | kathaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā ? ity āha - jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaṃ jñānenātmeśvaraikatva-darśana-lakṣaṇena saṃchinnaḥ saṃśayo yasya yo jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaḥ | ya evaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā tam ātmavantam apramattaṃ guṇa-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa dṛṣṭāni karmāṇi na nibadhnanty aniṣṭādi-rūpaṃ phalaṃ nārabhante | he dhanaṃjaya ||BhGS_4.41||
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yasmāt karma-yogānuṣṭhānād aśuddhi-kṣaya-hetuka-jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayo na nibadhyate karmabhir jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvād eva, yasmāc ca jñāna-karmānuṣṭhāna-viṣaye saṃśayavān vinaśyati ---
tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ |
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata ||BhG_4.42||
tasmāt pāpiṣṭham ajñāna-saṃbhūtam ajñānād avivekāj jātaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ hṛdi buddhau sthitaṃ jñānāsinā śoka-mohādi-doṣa-haraṃ samyag darśanaṃ jñānaṃ tad evāsiḥ khaḍgas tena jñānāsinā ātmanaḥ svasya, ātma-viṣayatvāt saṃśayasya | na hi parasya saṃśayaḥ pareṇa cchettavyatāṃ prāptaḥ, yena svasyeti viśeṣyeta | ata ātma-viṣayo 'pi svasyaiva bhavati | chittvā enaṃ saṃśayaṃ sva-vināśa-hetu-bhūtam, yogaṃ samyag-darśanopāyaṃ karmānuṣṭhānam ātiṣṭha kurv ity arthaḥ | uttiṣṭha cedānīṃ yuddhāya bhārata iti ||BhGS_4.42||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ ||4||
BhG 5
atha pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ (śaṅkara-bhāṣya)
arjuna uvāca -
saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punar yogaṃ ca śaṃsasi |
yac chreya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam ||BhG_5.1||
saṃnyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ karmaṇāṃ āstrīyāṇām anuṣṭheya-viśeṣāṇām śaṃsasi praśaṃsasi kathayasīty etat | punar yogaṃ ca teṣām eva anuṣṭhānam avaśya-kartavyam śaṃsasi | ato me katarat śreyaḥ iti saṃśayaḥ - kiṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ śreyaḥ, kiṃ vā tad-dhānam iti | praśasyataraṃ cānuṣṭheyam | ataś ca yat śreyaḥ praśasyataram etayoḥ karma-saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor yad-anuṣṭhānāt śreyo 'vāptir mama syād iti manyase, tad ekam anyatarat saha eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavāt me brūhi suniścitam abhipretaṃ taveti ||BhGS_5.1||
- o)O(o -
svābhiprāyam ācakṣāṇo nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhau |
tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate ||BhG_5.2||
saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṃ parityāgaḥ karma-yogaś ca teṣām anuṣṭhānaṃ tāv ubhāv api niḥśreyasa-karau mokṣaṃ kurvāte jñānotpatti-hetutvena | ubhau yadyapi niḥśreyasa-karau, tathāpi tayos tu niḥśreyasa-hetvoḥ karma-saṃnyāsāt kevalāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti karma-yogaṃ stauti ||BhGS_5.2||
- o)O(o -
kasmāt iti āha -
jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī yo na dveṣṭi na kāṅkṣati |
nirdvandvo hi mahā-bāho sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate ||BhG_5.3||
jñeyo jñātavyaḥ sa karma-yogī nitya-saṃnyāsī iti yo na dveṣṭi kiṃcit na kāṅkṣati duḥkha-sukhe tat-sādhane ca | evaṃvidho yaḥ, karmaṇi vartamāno 'pi sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti jñātavya ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvo dvandva-varjito hi yasmāt mahābāho sukhaṃ bandhād anāyāsena pramucyate ||BhGS_5.3||
- o)O(o -
saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyayor viruddhayoḥ phale 'pi virodho yuktaḥ | na tūbhayor niḥśreyasa-karatvam eveti prāpta idam ucyate -
sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ |
ekam apy āsthitaḥ samyag ubhayor vindate phalam ||BhG_5.4||
sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag viruddha-bhinna-phalau bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ | paṇḍitās tu jñānina ekaṃ phalam aviruddham icchanti | katham ? ekam api sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ samyag āsthitaḥ samyag anuṣṭhitavān ity arthaḥ, ubhayor vindate phalam | ubhayos tad eva hi niḥśreyasaṃ phalam | ato na phale virodho 'sti |
nanu saṃnyāsa-karma-yoga-śabdena prastutya sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ phalaikatvaṃ katham ihāprakṛtaṃ bravīti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ - yadyapy arjunena saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ ca kevalam abhipretya praśnaḥ kṛtaḥ | bhagavāṃs tu tad-aparityāgenaiva svābhipretaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ saṃyojya śabdāntara-vācyatayā prativacanaṃ dadau sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | tāv eva saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau jñāna-tad-upāya-sama-buddhitvādi-saṃyuktau sāṃkhya-yoga-śabda-vācyāv iti bhagavato matam | ato na aprakṛta-prakriyeti ||BhGS_5.4||
- o)O(o -
ekasyāpi samyag anuṣṭhānāt katham ubhayoḥ phalaṃ vindate ? ity ucyate -
yat sāṃkhyaiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ tad yogair api gamyate |
ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ||BhG_5.5||
yat sāṃkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ mokṣākhyam tad yogair api jñāna-prāpty-upāyatveneśvare samarpya karmāṇy ātmanaḥ phalam anabhisaṃdhāyānutiṣṭhanti ye te yogā yoginaḥ | tair api paramārtha-jñāna-saṃnyāsa-prāpti-dvāreṇa gamyata ity abhiprāyaḥ | ata ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati phalaikatvāt sa paśyati samyak paśyatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.5||
- o)O(o -
evaṃ tarhi yogāt saṃnyāsa eva viśiṣyate | kathaṃ tarhīdam uktam tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate [Gītā 5.2] iti ? sṛṇu tatra kāraṇam - tvayā pṛṣṭāṃ kevalaṃ karma-saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ cābhipretya tayor anyataraḥ kaḥ śreyān ? iti | tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ mayoktaṃ karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate iti jñānam anapekṣya | jñānāpekṣas tu saṃnyāsaḥ sāṃkhyam iti mayābhipretaḥ | paramārtha-yogaś ca sa eva | yas tu karma-yogo vaidikaḥ sa ca tādarthyāt yogaḥ saṃnyāsa iti copacaryate | kathaṃ tādarthyam ? ity ucyate -
saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ |
yoga-yukto munir brahma nacireṇādhigacchati ||BhG_5.6||
saṃnyāsas tu pāramārthiko duḥkham āptuṃ prāptum ayogato yogena vinā | yoga-yukto vaidikena karma-yogena vaidikena karma-yogeneśvara-samarpita-rūpeṇa phala-nirapekṣeṇa yukto muniḥ | mananād īśvara-svarūpasya muniḥ | brahma paramātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇatvāt prakṛtaḥ saṃnyāso brahmocyate | nyāsa iti brahmā brahmā hi paraḥ [MahānārU 78] iti śruteḥ | brahma paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ na cireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati prāpnoti | ato mayoktam karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti ||BhGS_5.6||
- o)O(o -
yadā punar ayaṃ samyag-darśana-prāpty-upāyatvena -
yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā vijitātmā jitendriyaḥ |
sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā kurvann api na lipyate ||BhG_5.7||
yogena yukto yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā viśuddha-sattvo vijitātmā vijita-deho jitendriyaś ca sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā sarveṣāṃ brahmādīnāṃ stamba-paryantānāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā pratyak-cetano yasya sa sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā samyag-darśīty arthaḥ | sa tatraivaṃ vartamāno loka-saṃgrahāya karma kurvann api na lipyate na karmabhir badhyate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.7||
- o)O(o -
na cāsau paramārthataḥ karotīty ataḥ -
naiva kiṃ cit karomīti yukto manyeta tattva-vit |
paśyañ śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnan gacchan svapañ śvasan ||BhG_5.8||
pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇann unmiṣan nimiṣann api |
indriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan ||BhG_5.9||
yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san manyeta cintayet | tattvavid ātmano yāthātmyaṃ tattvaṃ vettīti tattva-vit paramārtha-darśīty arthaḥ | kadā kathaṃ vā tattvam avadhārayan manyeta ? ity ucyate | manyeteti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ | yasyaivaṃ tattva-vidaḥ sarva-kārya-karaṇa-ceṣṭāsu karmasv akarmaiva paśyataḥ samyag-darśinas tasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa evādhikāraḥ karmaṇo 'bhāva-darśanāt | na hi mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyām udaka-buddhyā pānāya pravṛtta udakābhāva-jñāne 'pi tatraiva pāna-prayojanāya pravartate ||BhGS_5.8-9||
- o)O(o -
yas tu punar atattva-vit pravṛttaś ca karma-yoge -
brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ |
lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā ||BhG_5.10||
brahmaṇīśvara ādhāya nikṣipya tad-arthaṃ karma karomīti bhṛtya iva svāmy-arthaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi | mokṣe 'pi phale saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ sarva-karmāṇi, lipyate na sa pāpena na saṃbadhyate padma-patram ivāmbhasodakena ||BhGS_5.10||
- o)O(o -
kevalaṃ sattva-śuddhi-mātram eva phalaṃ tasya karmaṇaḥ syāt, yasmāt -
kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api |
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye ||BhG_5.11||
kāyena dehena manasā buddhyā ca kevalair mamatva-varjitaiḥ īśvarāyaiva karma karomi, na mama phalāya iti mamatva-buddhi-śūnyair indriyair api - kevala-śabdaḥ kāyādibhir api pratyekaṃ saṃbadhyate, sarva-vyāpāreṣu mamatā-varjanāya | yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phala-viṣayam ātma-śuddhaye sattva-śuddhaya ity arthaḥ | tasmāt tatraiva tavādhikāra iti kuru karmaiva ||BhGS_5.11||
- o)O(o -
yasmāc ca -
yuktaḥ karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā śāntim āpnoti naiṣṭhikīm |
ayuktaḥ kāma-kāreṇa phale sakto nibadhyate ||BhG_5.12||
yukta īśvarāya karmaṇi karomi na mama phalāya ity evaṃ samāhitaḥ san karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya śāntiṃ mokṣākhyām āpnoti naiṣṭhikīṃ niṣṭhāyāṃ bhavāṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-jñāna-niṣṭhā-krameṇeti vākya-śeṣaḥ | yas tu punar ayukto 'samāhitaḥ kāma-kāreṇa | karaṇaṃ kāraḥ kāmasya kāraḥ kāma-kāraḥ | tena kāma-kāreṇa kāma-preritatayety arthaḥ | mama phalāya idaṃ karomi karma ity evaṃ phale sakto nibadhyate | atas tvaṃ yukto bhava ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.12||
- o)O(o -
yas tu paramārtha-darśī saḥ -
sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī |
nava-dvāre pure dehī naiva kurvan na kārayan ||BhG_5.13||
sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarva-karmāṇi saṃnyasya parityajya nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca | tāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi manasā viveka-buddhyā, karmādāv akarma-sandarśanena saṃtyajyety arthaḥ | āste tiṣṭhati sukham | tyakta-vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-ceṣṭo nirāyāsaḥ prasanna-citta ātmano 'nyatra nivṛtta-sarva-bāhya-prayojana iti sukham āste ity ucyate | vaśī jitendriya ity arthaḥ | kva katham āste ? ity āha - nava-dvāre pure | sapta śīrṣāṇyāny ātmana upalabdhi-dvārāṇi, arvāk dve mūtra-purīṣa-visargārthe, tair dvārair nava-dvāraṃ puram ucyate śarīram puram iva puram | ātmaika-svāmikam, tad-artha-prayojanaiś ca indriya-mano-buddhi-viṣayair aneka-phala-vijñānasyotpādakaiḥ paurair ivādhiṣṭhitam | tasmin nava-dvāre pure dehī sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasyāste |
kiṃ viśeṣaṇena ? sarvo hi dehī saṃnyāsy asaṃnyāsī vā dehe evāste | tatrānarthakaṃ viśeṣaṇam iti | ucyate - yas tv ajño dehī dehendriya-saṃghāta-mātrātma-darśī sa sarvo 'pi gehe bhūmāv āsane vā ' 'sa iti manyate | na hi deha-mātrātma-darśino geha iva dehe āsa iti pratyayaḥ saṃbhavati | dehādi-saṃghāta-vyatiriktātma-darśinas tu dehe āse iti pratyaya upapadyate | para-karmaṇāṃ ca parasminn ātmany avidyayayādhyāropitānāṃ vidyayā viveka-jñānena manasā saṃnyāsa upapadyate | utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsino 'pi geha iva deha eva nava-dvāre pura āsanam | prārabdha-phala-karma-saṃskāra-śeṣānuvṛttyā deha eva viśeṣa-vijñānotpatteḥ | dehe evāsta ity asty eva viśeṣaṇa-phalam vidvad-avidvat-pratyaya-bhedāpekṣatvāt |
yadyapi kārya-karaṇa-karmāṇy avidyayātmany adhyāropitāni saṃnyasyāste ity uktam, tathāpi ātmasamavāyi tu kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca syāt ity āśaṅkyāha - naiva kurvan svayam na kārya-karaṇāni kārayan kriyāsu pravartayan | kiṃ ? yat tat kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca dehinaḥ svātma-samavāyi sat saṃnyāsān na saṃbhavati ? yathā gacchato gatir gamana-vyāpāra-parityāge na syāt tadvat ? kiṃ vā svata eva ātmano nāsti iti ? atrocyate - nāsty ātmanaḥ svataḥ kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca | uktaṃ hi -- avikāryo 'yam ucyate [Gītā 2.55], śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 3.26] iti | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti ca śruteḥ ||BhGS_5.13||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
na kartṛtvaṃ na karmāṇi lokasya sṛjati prabhuḥ |
na karma-phala-saṃyogaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartate ||BhG_5.14||
na kartṛtvaṃ svataḥ kurv iti nāpi karmāṇi ratha-ghaṭa-prāsādādīnīpsitatamāni lokasya sṛjaty utpādayati prabhur ātmā | nāpi rathādi kṛtavatas tat-phalena saṃyogaṃ na karma-phala-saṃyogam | yadi kiṃcid api svato na karoti na kārayati ca dehī, kas tarhi kurvan kārayan ca pravartata iti, ucyate - svabhāvas tu svo bhāvaḥ svabhāvo 'vidyā-lakṣaṇā prakṛtir māyā pravartate daivī hi [Gītā 7.14] ity ādinā vakṣyamāṇā ||BhGS_5.14||
- o)O(o -
paramārthatas tu -
nādatte kasya cit pāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhuḥ |
ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ ||BhG_5.15||
nādatte na ca gṛhṇāti bhaktasyāpi kasyacit pāpam | na caivādatte sukṛtaṃ bhaktaiḥ prayuktaṃ vibhuḥ | kim-arthaṃ tarhi bhaktaiḥ pūjādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yāga-dāna-homādikaṃ ca sukṛtaṃ prayujyate ity āha - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ viveka-vijñānam, tena muhyanti karomi kārayāmi bhokṣye bhojayāmīty evaṃ mohaṃ gacchanty avivekinaḥ saṃsāriṇo jantavaḥ ||BhGS_5.15||
- o)O(o -
jñānena tu tad ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ nāśitam ātmanaḥ |
teṣām ādityavaj jñānaṃ prakāśayati tatparam ||BhG_5.16||
jñānena tu yena ajñānena āvṛtāḥ muhyanti jantavas tat ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ jantūnāṃ viveka-jñānena ātma-viṣayeṇa nāśitam ātmano bhavati, teṣāṃ jantūnām ādityavat yathādityaḥ samastaṃ rūpa-jātam avabhāsayati tadvat jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu sarvaṃ prakāśayati tat paraṃ paramārtha-tattvam ||BhGS_5.16||
- o)O(o -
yat paraṃ jñānaṃ prakāśitam -
tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānas tan-niṣṭhās tat-parāyaṇāḥ |
gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ ||BhG_5.17||
tasmin brahmaṇi gatā buddhir yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ, tad-ātmānas tad eva paraṃ brahma ātmā yeṣāṃ te tad-ātmanāḥ, tan-niṣṭhāḥ niṣṭhā abhiniveśas tātparyaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya tasmin brahmaṇy eva avasthānaṃ yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ, tat-parāyaṇā ca tad eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yeṣāṃ bhavati te tat-parāyaṇāḥ kevalātma-rataya ity arthaḥ | yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te gacchanti evaṃ-vidyāḥ apunar-āvṛttim apunar-deha-saṃbandhaṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yathoktena jñānena nirdhūto nāśitaḥ kalmaṣaḥ pāpādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-doṣo yeṣāṃ te jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yatayaḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.17||
- o)O(o -
yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te paṇḍitāḥ kathaṃ tattvaṃ payantīty ucyate -
vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini |
śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||BhG_5.18||
vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne vidyā ca vinayaś ca vidyā-vinayau, vinaya upāmaḥ, tābhyāṃ vidyā-vinayābhyāṃ saṃpanno vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanno vidvān vinītaś ca yo brāhmaṇas tasmin brāhmaṇe gavi hastini śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ | vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne uttama-saṃskāravati brāhmaṇe sāttvike, madhyamāyāṃ ca rājasyāṃ gavi, saṃskāra-hīnāyām atyantam eva kevala-tāmase hasty-ādau ca, sattvādi-guṇais taj-jaiś ca saṃskārais tathā rājasais tathā tāmasaiś ca saṃskārair atyantam evāspṛṣṭāṃ samam ekam avikriyaṃ tad brahma draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||BhGS_5.18||
- o)O(o -
nanv abhojyānnās te doṣavantaḥ, samāsamābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjātaḥ [Gautama-dharma-sūtra 2.8.20] iti smṛteḥ | na te doṣavantaḥ | katham ? -
ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ |
nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma tasmād brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ ||BhG_5.19||
ihaiva jīvadbhireva taiḥ samadarśibhiḥ paṇḍitair jito vaīkṛtaḥ sargo janma, yeṣāṃ sāmye sarva-bhūteṣu brahmaṇi samabhāve sthitaṃ ni calībhūtaṃ mano 'ntaḥkaraṇam | nirdoṣaṃ yadyapi doṣavatsu vapākādiṣu mūḍhais taddoṣair doṣavat iva vibhāvyate, tathāpi taddoṣair aspṛṣṭām iti nirdoṣaṃ doṣavarjitaṃ hi yasmāt | nāpi svaguṇabhedabhinnam, nirguṇatvāt caitanyasya | vakṣyati ca bhagavān icchādīnāṃ kṣetradharmatvam, anāditvānnirguṇatvāt iti ca | nāpy antyā viśeṣāḥ ātmano bhedakāḥ santi, pratiśarīraṃ teṣāṃ sattve pramāṇānupapatteḥ | ataḥ samaṃ brahma ekaṃ ca | tasmāt brahmaṇi eva te sthitāḥ | tasmāt na doṣagandhamātramapi tān spṛati, dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānābhāvāt teṣām | dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānavadviṣayaṃ tu tat sūtram samāsamābhyāṃ viṣamasame pūjātaḥ iti, pūjāviṣayatvena viśeṣaṇāt | dṛśyate hi brahmavit ṣaḍāṅgavit caturvedavit iti pūjādānādau guṇaviśeṣasaṃbandhaḥ kāraṇam | brahma tu sarvaguṇadoṣasaṃbandhavarjitamityatar brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ iti yuktam | karmaviṣayaṃ ca samāsamābhyām ity ādi | idaṃ tu sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaviṣayaṃ prastutam, sarva-karmāṇi manasā ityārabhya ādhyāyaparisamāpteḥ ||BhGS_5.19||
- o)O(o -
yasmāt nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ brahmātmā, tasmāt -
na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam |
sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍho brahmavid brahmaṇi sthitaḥ ||BhG_5.20||
na prahṛṣeyet praharṣaṃ na kuryāt priyam iṣṭāṃ prāpya labdhvā | nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam aniṣṭāṃ labdhvā | deha-mātrātma-darśināṃ hi priyāpriya-prāptī harṣa-viṣādau kurvāte, na kevalātma-darśinaḥ, tasya priyāpriya-prāpty-asaṃbhavāt | kiṃ ca - sarva-bhūteṣv ekaḥ samo nirdoṣa ātmeti sthirā nirvicikitsā buddhir yasya sa sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-varjitaś ca syāt yathokta-brahmavid brahmaṇi sthito 'karma-kṛt sarva-karma-saṃnyāsīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.20||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca, brahmaṇi sthitaḥ -
bāhya-sparśeṣv asaktātmā vindaty ātmani yat sukham |
sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā sukham akṣayam aśnute ||BhG_5.21||
bāhya-sparśeṣu bāhyā ca te sparśāś ca bāhya-sparśāḥ | spṛśyante iti sparśāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās teṣu bāhya-sparśeṣu | asakta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yam asaktātmā viṣayeṣu prīti-varjitaḥ san vindati labhate | ātmani yat sukhaṃ tad vindatīty etat | sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā brahmaṇi yogaḥ samādhir brahma-yogas tena brahma-yogena yuktaḥ samāhitas tasmin vyāpṛta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā | sukham akṣayam aśnute vyāpnoti | tasmād bāhya-viṣaya-prīteḥ kṣaṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayed ātmany akṣaya-sukhārthīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.21||
- o)O(o - itaś ca nivartayet -
ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te |
ādy-anta-vantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ ||BhG_5.22||
ye hi yasmāt saṃssparśajā viṣayendriya-saṃsparśebhyo jātā bhogā bhuktayo duḥkha-yonaya eva te, avidyā-kṛtatvāt | dṛśyante hy ādhyātmikādīni duḥkhāni tan-nimittāny eva | yathā iha-loke tathā para-loke 'pīti gamyate eva-śabdāt | na saṃsāre sukhasya gandha-mātram apy astīti buddhvā viṣaya-mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayet | na kevalaṃ duḥkha-yonaya eva, ādy-anta-vantaś ca, ādir viṣayendriya-saṃyogo bhogānām antaś ca tad-viyoga eva | ataḥ ādy-anta-vanto 'nityāḥ, madhya-kṣaṇa-bhāvitvāt ity arthaḥ | kaunteya, na teṣu bhogeṣu ramate budho viveky avagata-paramārtha-tattvaḥ | atyanta-mūḍhānām eva hi viṣayeṣu ratir dṛśyate, yathā paśu-prabhṛtīnām ||BhGS_5.22||
- o)O(o -
ayaṃ ca śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣī kaṣṭatamo doṣaḥ sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāraś ceti tat-parihāre yatnādhikyaṃ kartavyam ity āha bhagavān -
śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt |
kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||BhG_5.23||
śaknoty utsahata ihaiva jīvann eva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prasahituṃ prāk pūrvam śarīravimokṣaṇāt ā maraṇāt ity arthaḥ | maraṇa-sīmā-karaṇaṃ jīvato 'vayaṃbhāvi hi kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ, anantanimittavān hi saḥ iti yāvat maraṇaṃ tāvat na visrāmbhaṇīya ity arthaḥ | kāmaḥ indriyagocaraprāpte iṣṭo viṣaye śrūyamāṇe smaryamāṇe vā anubhūte sukhahetau yā gaṄdhas tṛṣṇā sa kāmaḥ | krodhaś cātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā yo dveṣaḥ sa krodhaḥ | tau kāma-krodhāv udbhavo yasya vegasya sa kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | romāñcana-prahṛṣṭa-netra-vadanādi-liṅgo 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaḥ kāmodbhavo vegaḥ | gātra-prakampa-prasveda-saṃdaṣṭauṣṭha-puṭa-rakta-netrādi-liṅgaḥ krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | taṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ ya utsahate prasahate soḍhuṃ prasahitum, so yukto yogī sukhī ceha loke naraḥ || ||BhGS_5.23||
- o)O(o -
kathaṃ-bhūtaś ca brahmaṇi sthito brahma prāpnoti ? ity āha bhagavān -
yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntarārāmas tathāntar-jyotir eva yaḥ |
sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-bhūto 'dhigacchati ||BhG_5.24||
yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntar ātmani sukhaṃ yasya so 'ntaḥ-sukhaḥ, tathāntar evātmany ārāma āramaṇam ākrīḍā yasya so 'ntar-ārāmaḥ | tathaivāntar eva ātmany eva jyotiḥ prakāśo yasya so 'ntar-jyotir eva, ya īdṛśaḥ so yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam iha jīvann eva brahma-bhūtaḥ sann adhigacchati prāpnoti ||BhGS_5.24||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
labhante brahma-nirvāṇam ṛṣayaḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ |
chinna-dvaidhā yatātmānaḥ sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ ||BhG_5.25||
labhante brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣam ṛṣayaḥ samyag-darśinaḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ kṣīṇa-pāpā nirdoṣāś chinna-dvaidhāḥ chinna-saṃśayā yatātmānaḥ saṃyatendriyāḥ sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite ānukūlye ratā ahiṃsakā ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.25||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
kāma-krodha-viyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yata-cetasām |
abhito brahma-nirvāṇaṃ vartate viditātmanām ||BhG_5.26||
kāma-krodha-viyuktānāṃ kāmaś ca krodhaś ca kāma-krodhau tābhyāṃ viyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ yata-cetasāṃ saṃyatāntaḥ-karaṇānām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣo vartate viditātmanāṃ vidito jñāta ātmā yeṣāṃ te viditātmanāṃ teṣāṃ viditātmanāṃ samyag-darśinām ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.26||
- o)O(o - samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ sadyo-muktir uktā | karma-yogaś ca īśvarārpita-sarva-bhāveneśvare brahmaṇy ādhāya kriyamāṇaḥ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-krameṇa mokṣāya iti bhagavān pade pade 'bravīt, vakṣyati ca | athedānīṃ dhyāna-yogaṃ samyag-darśanasya antaraṅgaṃ vistareṇa vakṣyāmīti tasya sūtra-sthānīyān ślokān upadiśati sma -
sparśān kṛtvā bahir bāhyāṃś cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ |
prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau ||BhG_5.27||
yatendriya-mano-buddhir munir mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ |
vigatecchā-bhaya-krodho yaḥ sadā mukta eva saḥ ||BhG_5.28||
sparśān śabdādīn kṛtvā bahir bāhyān śrotrādi-dvāreṇāntar-buddhau praveśitāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tān acintayato śabdādayo bāhyā bahir eva kṛtā bhavanti | tān evaṃ bahiḥ kṛtvā cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ kṛtvety anuṣajyate | tathā prāṇāpānau nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau samau kṛtvā | yatendriya-mano-buddhir yatāni saṃyatānīndriyāṇi mano buddhiś ca yasya sa yatendriya-mano-buddhiḥ | mananāt muniḥ saṃnyāsī | mokṣa-parāyaṇa evaṃ deha-saṃsthānān mokṣa-parāyaṇo mokṣa eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yasya so 'yaṃ mokṣa-parāyaṇo munir bhavet | vigatecchā-bhaya-krodha icchā ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś cecchā-bhaya-krodhās te vigatāḥ yasmāt sa vigatecchā-bhaya-krodhaḥ | ya evaṃ vartate sadā saṃnyāsī, mukta eva saḥ | na tasya mokṣo 'nyaḥ kartavyo 'sti ||
- o)O(o -
bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ sarva-loka-maheśvaram |
suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ jñātvā māṃ śāntim ṛcchati ||BhG_5.29||
evaṃ samāhita-cittena kiṃ vijñeyam ity ucyate | bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca kartṛ-rūpeṇa devatā-rūpeṇa ca, sarva-loka-maheśvaraṃ sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ pratyupakāra-nirapekṣatayā upakāriṇaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hṛdayeśayaṃ sarva-karma-phalādhyakṣaṃ sarva-pratyaya-sākṣiṇaṃ māṃ nārāyaṇaṃ jñātvā śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāroparatim ṛcchati prāpnoti ||BhGS_5.29||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
||5||
BhG 6
atha ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ
(śaṅkarācārya-bhāṣyaḥ)
atītānantarādhyāyānte dhyāna-yogasya samyag darśanaṃ praty antaraṅgasya sūtra-bhūtāḥ ślokāḥ sparśān kṛtvā bahiḥ [Gītā 5.27] ity ādaya upadiṣṭaḥ | teṣāṃ vṛtti-sthānīyo 'yaṃ ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra dhyāna-yogasya bahiraṅgaṃ karmeti yāvad dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-samarthas tāvad gṛhasthenādhikṛtena kartavyaṃ karma ity atas tat stauti |
nanu kim-arthaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sīmā-karaṇam, yāvatānuṣṭheyam eva vihitaṃ karma yāvajjīvam | na, ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate [Gītā 3.3] iti viśeṣaṇāt | ārūḍhasya ca śamenaiva saṃbandha-karaṇāt | ārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ca śamaḥ karmaś cobhayaṃ kartavyatvenābhipretaṃ cet syāt tadārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti śama-karma-viṣaya-bhedena viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ cānarthakaṃ syāt |
tatrāśramiṇāṃ kaścid yogam ārurukṣur bhavati | ārūḍhaś ca kaścit | anye nārurukṣavaḥ | na cārūḍhāḥ | tān apekṣyārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ copapadyata eveti cet, na | tasyaiveti vacanāt | punar yoga-grahaṇāc ca yogārūḍhasyeti | ya āsīt pūrvaṃ yogam ārurukṣus tasyaivārūḍhasya śama eva kartavyaḥ | kāraṇaṃ yoga-phalaṃ pratyucyateti | ato na yāvaj-jīvaṃ kartavyatva-prāptiḥ kasyacid api karmaṇaḥ | yoga-vibhraṣṭa-vacanāc ca |
gṛhasthasya cet karmiṇo yogo vihitaḥ ṣaṣṭhe 'dhyāye, sa yoga-vibhraṣṭo 'pi karma-gatiṃ karma-phalaṃ prāpnotīti tasya nāśāśaṅkānupapannā syāt | avaśyaṃ hi kṛtaṃ karma kāmyaṃ nityaṃ vā mokṣasya nityatvād anārabhyatve svaṃ phalam ārabhata eva | nityasya ca karmaṇo veda-pramāṇāvabuddhatvāt phalena bhavitavyam ity avocāma | anyathā vedasyānarthārthatva-prasaṅgād iti |
na ca karmaṇi saty ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-vacanam arthavat | karmaṇo vibhraṃśa-kāraṇānupapatteḥ | karma kṛtam īśvare saṃnyasyety ataḥ kartari karma phalaṃ nārabhateti cen, na | īśvare saṃnyāsasyādhikatara-phala-hetutvopapatteḥ | mokṣāyaiveti cet, sva-karmaṇāṃ kṛtānām īśvare nyāso mokṣāyaiva, na phalāntarāya yoga-sahitaḥ |
yogāc ca vibhraṣṭa ity atas taṃ prati nāśa-śaṅkā yuktaiveti cet, na | ekākī yata-cittātmā nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ [Gītā 6.10] brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ [Gītā 6.14] iti karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | na cātra gṛhasthasya nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ ity ādi-vacanam anukūlam | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-praśnānupapatteś ca |
anāśrita ity anena karmiṇa eva saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ coktam, pratiṣiddhaṃ ca niragneḥ akriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ceti cet, na | dhyāna-yogaṃ prati bahiraṅgasya sataḥ karmaṇaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-saṃnyāsa-stuti-paratvāt |
na kevalaṃ niragnir akriya eva saṃnyāsī yogī ca | kiṃ tarhi ? karmy api, karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ saṃnyasya karma-yogam anutiṣṭhan sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ, sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīti stūyate | na caikena vākyena karma-phalāsaṅga-saṃnyāsa-stutiś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaś copapadyate | na ca prasiddhaṃ niragner akriyasya paramārtha-saṃnyāsinaḥ śruti-smṛti-purāṇetihāsa-yoga-śāstreṣu vihitaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān | sva-vacana-virodhāc ca - sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya... naiva kurvan na kārayan āste [Gītā 5.13] maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit... aniketaḥ sthira-matiḥ [Gītā 12.19] vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ [Gītā 2.71] sarvārambha-parityāgī [Gītā 12.16] iti ca tatra tatra bhagavatā sva-vacanāni darśitāni | tair virudhyetaś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaḥ | tasmān muner yogam ārurukṣoḥ pratipanna-gārhasthyasyāgnihotrādi-karma phala-nirapekṣam anuṣṭhīyamānaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sādhanatvaṃ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa pratipadyata iti sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti stūyate -
anāśritaḥ karma-phalaṃ kāryaṃ karma karoti yaḥ |
sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragnir na cākriyaḥ ||BhG_6.1||
anāśrito -- nāśrito 'nāśritaḥ | kim ? karma-phalaṃ karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ karma-phalaṃ yat tad-anāśritaḥ, karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-rahita ity arthaḥ | yo hi karma-phale tṛṣṇāvān sa karma-phalam āśrito bhavati | ayaṃ tu tad-viparītaḥ, ato 'nāśritaḥ karma-phalam | evaṃbhūtaḥ san kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ nityaṃ kāmya-viparītam agnihotrādikaṃ karma karoti nirvartayati | yaḥ kaścid īdṛśaḥ karmī sa karmy antarebhyo viśiṣyate | ity evam artham āha - sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti | saṃnyāsaḥ parityāgaḥ sa yasyāsti sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca | yogaś citta-samādhānaṃ sa yasyāsti sa yogī ceti evaṃguṇa-saṃpanno 'yaṃ mantavyaḥ | na kevalaṃ niragnir akriya eva saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ | nirgatāḥ agnayaḥ karmāṅga-bhūtā yasmāt sa niragniḥ | akriyaś cānagni-sādhanāpy avidyamānāḥ kriyās tapo-dānādikā yasyāsāv akriyaḥ ||BhGS_6.1||
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nanu ca niragneḥ akriyasyaiva śruti-smṛti-yoga-śāstreṣu saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca prasiddham | katham iha sāgneḥ sa-kriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cāprasiddham ucyata iti | naiṣa doṣaḥ, kayācid guṇa-vṛttyā ubhayasya saṃpipādayiṣitatvāt | tat katham ? karma-phala-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsāt saṃnyāsitvam, yogāṅgatvena ca karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṃkalpasya ca citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgād yogitvaṃ ceti gauṇam ubhayam | na punar mukhyaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cābhipretam ity etam arthaṃ darśayitum āha -
yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava |
na hy asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo yogī bhavati kaścana ||BhG_6.2||
yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāga-lakṣaṇaṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śruti-smṛti-vidaḥ, yogaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇaṃ taṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi jānīhi he pāṇḍāva | karma-yogasya pravṛtti-lakṣaṇasya tad-viparītena nivṛtti-lakṣaṇena paramārtha-saṃnyāsena kīdṛśaṃ sāmānyam aṅgīkṛtya tad-bhāva ucyate ity apekṣāyām idam ucyate - asti hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsena sādṛśyaṃ kartṛ-dvārakaṃ karma-yogasya | yo hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsī sa tyakta-sarva-karma-sādhanatayā sarva-karma-tat-phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ pravṛtti-hetu-kāma-kāraṇaṃ saṃnyasyati | ayam api karma-yogī karma kurvāṇa eva phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ saṃnyasyatīti | etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha - na hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo 'saṃnyasto 'parityaktaḥ saṅkalpo 'bhisandhir yena so 'saṃnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api karmī yogī samādhānavān bhavati | na saṃbhavatīty arthaḥ | phala-saṃkalpasya citta-vikṣepa-hetutvāt | tasmād yaḥ kaścana karmī saṃnyasta-phala-saṃkalpo bhavet sa yogī samādhānavān avikṣipta-citto bhavet | citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ phala-saṃkalpasya saṃnyastatvād ity abhiprāyaḥ | yogāṅgatvena karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṅkalpasya vā citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgāt yogitvaṃ ceti saṃnyāsitvaṃ cety abhipretam ucyate |[*NOTE: This last sentence not found in all editions.] ||BhGS_6.2||
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evaṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayoḥ kartṛ-dvārakaṃ saṃnyāsa-sāmānyam apekṣya yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍāva [Gītā 6.2] iti karma-yogasya stuty-arthaṃ saṃnyāsatvam uktam | dhyāna-yogasya phala-nirapekṣaḥ karma-yogo bahiraṅgaṃ sādhanam iti taṃ saṃnyāsatvena stutvādhunā karma-yogasya dhyāna-yoga-sādhanatvaṃ darśayati -
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate ||BhG_6.3||
ārurukṣor āroḍhum icchataḥ, anārūḍhasya, dhyāna-yoge 'vasthātum aśaktasyaivety arthaḥ | kasya tasyārurukṣoḥ ? muneḥ, karma-phala-saṃnyāsina ity arthaḥ | kim ārurukṣoḥ ? yogam | karma kāraṇaṃ sādhanam ucyate | yogārūḍhasya punas tasyaiva śamar upaśamaḥ sarva-karmabhyo nivṛttiḥ kāraṇaṃ yogārūḍhasya sādhanam ucyate ity arthaḥ | yāvad yāvat karmabhya uparamate, tāvat tāvat nirāyāsasya jitendriyasya cittaṃ samādhīyate | tathā sati sa jhaṭiti yogārūḍho bhavati | tathā coktaṃ vyāsena -
naitādṛśaṃ brāhmaṇasyāsti vittaṃ yathaikatā samatā satyatā ca | śīlaṃ sthitir daṇḍa-nidhānam ārjavaṃ tatas tataś coparamaḥ kriyābhyaḥ || [Mbh 12.175.37] iti ||BhGS_6.3||
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athedānīṃ kadā yogārūḍho bhavatīty ucyate -
yadā hi nendriyārtheṣu na karmasv anuṣajjate |
sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī yogārūḍhas tadocyate ||BhG_6.4||
yadā samādhīyamāna-citto yogī hīndriyārtheṣv indriyāṇām arthāḥ śabdādayas teṣv indriyārtheṣu karmasu ca nitya-naimittika-kāmya-pratiṣiddheṣu prayojanābhāva-buddhyā nānuṣajjate 'nuṣaṅgaṃ kartavyatā-buddhiṃ na karotīty arthaḥ | sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī sarvān saṃkalpān ihāmutrārtha-kāma-hetūna saṃnyasituṃ śīlam asyeti sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī | yogārūḍhaḥ prāpta-yoga ity etat, tadā tasmin kāla ucyate | sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsīti vacanāt sarvāṃś ca kāmān sarvāṇi ca karmāṇi saṃnyasyed ity arthaḥ | saṃkalpa-mūlā hi sarve kāmāḥ - saṃkalpa-mūlaḥ kāmo vai yajñāḥ saṃkalpa-saṃbhavāḥ [Manu 2.3]
kāma jānāmi te mūlaṃ saṃkalpāt tvaṃ hi jāyase | na tvāṃ saṃkalpayiṣyāmi tena me na bhaviṣyasi || [Mabh 12.177.25] ity ādi-smṛteḥ |
sarva-kāma-parityāge ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ siddho bhavati | sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat-kratur bhavati yat kratur bhavati tat karma kurute [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ | yad yad dhi kurute jantus tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam [Manu 2.4] ity ādi-smṛtibhyaś ca | nyāyāc ca - na hi sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāse kaścit spanditum api śaktaḥ | tasmāt sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsīti vacanāt sarvān kāmān sarvāṇi karmāṇi ca tyājayati bhagavān ||BhGS_6.4||
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yadaivaṃ yogārūḍhaḥ, tadā tena ātmā udbhṛto bhavati saṃsārād anartha-jātāt | ataḥ -
uddhared ātmanātmānaṃ nātmānam avasādayet |
ātmaiva hy ātmano bandhur ātmaiva ripur ātmanaḥ ||BhG_6.5||
uddharet saṃsāra-sāgare nimagnam ātmanātmānaṃ tata ut ūrdhvaṃ hared uddharet, yogārūḍhatām āpādayed ity arthaḥ | nātmānam avasādayet nādho nayeta, nādho gamayet | ātmaiva hi yasmād ātmano bandhuḥ | na hy anyaḥ kaścit bandhuḥ, yaḥ saṃsāra-muktaye bhavati | bandhur api tāvat mokṣaṃ prati pratikūla eva, snehādi-bandhanāyatanatvāt | tasmāt yuktam avadhāraṇam ātmaiva hy ātmano bandhur iti | ātmaiva ripuḥ śatruḥ | yo 'nyo 'pakārī bāhyaḥ śatruḥ so 'pi ātma-prayukta eveti yuktam evāvadhāraṇam ātmaiva ripur ātmana iti ||BhGS_6.5||
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ātmaiva bandhur ātmaiva ripur ātmana ity uktam | tatra kiṃ-lakṣaṇa ātmā ātmano bandhuḥ, kiṃ-lakṣaṇo vā ātmātmano ripur ity ucyate -
bandhur ātmātmanas tasya yenātmaivātmanā jitaḥ |
anātmanas tu śatrutve vartetātmaiva śatruvat ||BhG_6.6||
bandhur ātmātmanas tasya, tasyātmanaḥ sa ātmā bandhur yenātmanātmaiva jitaḥ | ātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāto yena vaśīkṛtaḥ, jitendriya ity arthaḥ | anātmanas tv ajitātmanas tu śatrutve śatru-bhāve varteta ātmaiva śatruvat, yathānātmā śatrur ātmano 'pakārī, tathātmā ātmano 'pakāre varteta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.6||
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jitātmanaḥ praśāntasya paramātmā samāhitaḥ |
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu tathā mānāpamānayoḥ ||BhG_6.7||
jitātmanaḥ kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāta ātmā jito yena sa jitātmā tasya jitātmanaḥ, praśāntasya prasannāntaḥ-karaṇasya sataḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ paramātmā samāhitaḥ sākṣād-ātma-bhāvena vartate ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu tathā māne 'pamāne ca mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoḥ samaḥ syāt ||BhGS_6.7||
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jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā kūṭastho vijitendriyaḥ |
yukta ity ucyate yogī sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ ||BhG_6.8||
jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā jñānaṃ śāstrokta-padārthānāṃ parijñānam, vijñānaṃ tu śāstrato jñātānāṃ tathaiva svānubhava-karaṇam, tābhyāṃ jñāna-vijñānābhyāṃ tṛptaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyayaḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā, kūṭāstho 'prakampyaḥ, bhavatīty arthaḥ | vijitendriyaś ca | ya īdṛśaḥ, yuktaḥ samāhita iti sa ucyate kathyate | sa yogī sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāni samāni yasya saḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ ||BhGS_6.8||
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kiṃ ca -
suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīna-madhya-stha-dveṣya-bandhuṣu |
sādhuṣv api ca pāpeṣu sama-buddhir viśiṣyate ||BhG_6.9||
suhṛd ity ādi lokārdham ekaṃ padam | suhṛt iti pratyupakāram anapekṣya upakartā, mitraṃ snehavān, ariḥ śatruḥ, udāsīno na kasyacit pakṣaṃ bhajate, madhya-stho yo viruddhayor ubhayoḥ hitaiṣī, dveṣya ātmano 'priyaḥ, bandhuḥ saṃbandhī ity eteṣu sādhuṣu śāstrānuvartiṣu api ca pāpeṣu pratiṣiddha-kāriṣu sarveṣv eteṣu sama-buddhiḥ | kaḥ kiṃ-karmā ity avyāpṛta-buddhir ity arthaḥ | viśiṣyate, vimucyate iti vā pāṭhāntaram | yogārūḍhānāṃ sarveṣām ayam uttama ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.9||
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ata evam uttama-phala-prāptaye -
yogī yuñjīta satatam ātmānaṃ rahasi sthitaḥ |
ekākī yata-cittātmā nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ ||BhG_6.10||
yogī dhyāyī yuñjīta samādadhyāt satataṃ sarvadātmānam antaḥ-karaṇaṃ rahasi ekānte giri-guhādau sthitaḥ san ekākī asahāyaḥ | rahasi sthitaḥ ekākī ceti viśeṣaṇāt saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtvā ity arthaḥ | yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥ-karaṇam ātmā dehaś ca saṃyatau yasya sa yata-cittātmā, nirāśīr vīta-tṛṣṇo 'parigrahaḥ parigraha-rahitaś cety arthaḥ | saṃnyāsitve 'pi tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ san yuñjīta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.10||
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athedānīṃ yogaṃ yuñjataḥ āsanāhāra-vihārādīnāṃ yoga-sādhanatvena niyamo vaktavyaḥ, prāpta-yogasya lakṣaṇaṃ tat-phalādi ca, ity ata ārabhyate | tatrāsanam eva tāvat prathamam ucyate -
śucau deśe pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram āsanam ātmanaḥ |
nātyucchritaṃ nātinīcaṃ cailājina-kuśottaram ||BhG_6.11||
śucau śuddhe vivikte svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā, deśe sthāne pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram acalam ātmana āsanaṃ nātyucchritaṃ nātīva ucchritaṃ nāpy atinīcam, tac ca cailājina-kuśottaraṃ cailam ajinaṃ kuśāś cottare yasminn āsane tad āsanaṃ cailājina-kuśottaram | pāṭha-kramād viparīto 'tra kramaś cailādīnām ||BhGS_6.11||
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pratiṣṭhāpya, kim ?
tatraikāgraṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ |
upaviśyāsane yuñjyād yogam ātma-viśuddhaye ||BhG_6.12||
tatra tasminn āsana upaviśya yogaṃ yuñjyāt | katham ? sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtya ekāgraṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yata-cittendriya-kriyaś cittaṃ cendriyāṇi ca cittendriyāṇi teṣāṃ kriyāḥ saṃyatā yasya sa yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ | sa kim-arthaṃ yogaṃ yuñjyād ity āha - ātma-viśuddhaye 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya viśuddhy-artham ity etat ||BhGS_6.12||
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bāhyam āsanam uktam | adhunā śarīra-dhāraṇaṃ katham ity ucyate -
samaṃ kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ dhārayann acalaṃ sthiraḥ |
saṃprekṣya nāsikāgraṃ svaṃ diśaś cānavalokayan ||BhG_6.13||
samaṃ kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ tat samaṃ dhārayan acalaṃ ca | samaṃ dhārayataś calanaṃ saṃbhavati | ato viśinaṣṭi - acalam iti | sthiraḥ sthiro bhūtvā ity arthaḥ | svaṃ nāsikāgraṃ saṃprekṣya samyak prekṣaṇaṃ darśanaṃ kṛtvaiveti | iva-śabdo lupto draṣṭavyaḥ | na hi sva-nāsikāgra-saṃprekṣaṇam iha vidhitsitam | kiṃ tarhi ? cakṣuṣo dṛṣṭi-saṃnipātaḥ | sa cāntaḥ-karaṇa-samādhānāpekṣo vivakṣitaḥ | sva-nāsikāgra-saṃprekṣaṇam eva ced vivakṣitam, manas tatraiva samādhīyeta, nātmani | ātmani hi manasaḥ samādhānaṃ vakṣyati ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtveti | tasmād iva-śabda-lopenākṣṇor dṛṣṭi-saṃnipāta eva saṃprekṣya ity ucyate | diśaś cānavalokayan diśāṃ cāvalokanam antarā kurvan ity etat ||BhGS_6.13||
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kiṃ ca -
praśāntātmā vigata-bhīr brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ |
manaḥ saṃyamya mac-citto yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ ||BhG_6.14||
praśāntātmā prakarṣeṇa śāntaḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ praśāntātmā, vigata-bhīḥ vigata-bhayaḥ, brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ | brahmacāriṇo vrataṃ brahmacaryaṃ guru-śuśrūṣā-bhikṣānna-bhukty-ādi tasmin sthitaḥ | tad-anuṣṭhātā bhaved ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca, manaḥ saṃyamya manaso vṛttīr upasaṃhṛtya ity etat, mac-citto mayi parameśvare cittaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ mac-cittaḥ, yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ sann āsīta upaviśet | mat-paro 'haṃ paro yasya so 'yaṃ mat-paro bhavati | kaścit rāgī strī-cittaḥ, na tu striyam eva paratvena gṛhṇāti | kiṃ tarhi ? rājānaṃ mahā-devaṃ vā | ayaṃ tu mac-citto mat-paraś ca ||BhGS_6.14||
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athedānīṃ yoga-phalam ucyate -
yuñjann evaṃ sadātmānaṃ yogī niyata-mānasaḥ |
śāntiṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ mat-saṃsthām adhigacchati ||BhG_6.15||
yujan samādhānāṃ kurvann evaṃ yathoktena vidhānena sadātmanāṃ sarvadā yogī niyata-mānaso niyataṃ saṃyataṃ mānasaṃ mano yasya so 'yaṃ niyata-mānasaḥ, śāntim uparatiṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ nirvāṇaṃ mokṣas tat paramā niṣṭhā yasyāḥ śānteḥ sā nirvāṇa-paramā tāṃ nirvāṇa-paramām. mat-saṃsthāṃ mad-adhīnām adhigacchati prāpnoti ||BhGS_6.15||
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idānīṃ yoginaḥ āhārādi-niyama ucyate -
nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'sti na caikāntam anaśnataḥ |
naś cātisvapna-śīlasya jāgrato naiva cārjuna ||BhG_6.16||
nātyaśnata ātma-saṃmitam anna-parimāṇam atītyāśnato 'tyaśnato na yogo 'sti | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo 'sti | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo 'nnaṃ na tad avati [ŚatapathaB 9.2.1.2] iti śruteḥ | tasmāt yogī na ātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyāt | athavā, yogino yoga-śāstre paripaṭhitād anna-parimāṇād atimātram aśnato yogo nāsti | uktaṃ hi -
ardhaṃ sa-vyañjanānnasya tṛtīyam udakasya ca | vāyoḥ saṃcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || ity ādi parimāṇam |
tathā - na cātisvapna-śīlasya yogo bhavati naiva cātimātraṃ jāgrato bhavati cārjuna ||
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kathaṃ punar yogo bhavatīty ucyate -
yuktāhāra-vihārasya yukta-ceṣṭasya karmasu |
yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yogo bhavati duḥkhahā ||BhG_6.17||
yuktāhāra-vihārasya āhriyata ity āhāro 'nnam, viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-kramaḥ, tau yuktau niyata-parimāṇau yasya sa yuktāhāra-vihāras tasya, tathā yukta-ceṣṭasya yuktā niyatā ceṣṭā yasya karmasu tasya | tathā yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yuktau svapnaś cāvabodhaś ca tau niyata-kālau yasya tasya, yuktāhāra-vihārasya yukta-ceṣṭasya karmasu yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yogino yogo bhavati duḥkhahā duḥkhāni sarvāṇi hantīti duḥkhahā, sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkha-kṣaya-kṛd yogo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.17||
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athādhunā kadā yukto bhavati ? ity ucyate -
yadā viniyataṃ cittam ātmany evāvatiṣṭhate |
niḥspṛhaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo yukta ity ucyate tadā ||BhG_6.18||
yadā viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niyataṃ saṃyatam ekāgratām āpannaṃ cittaṃ hitvā bāhyārtha-cintām ātmany eva kevale 'vatiṣṭhate, svātmani sthitiṃ labhate ity arthaḥ | niḥspṛhaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo nirgatā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣayebhyaḥ spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya yoginaḥ sa yuktaḥ samāhita ity ucyate tadā tasmin kāle ||BhGS_6.18||
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tasya yoginaḥ samāhitaṃ yat cittaṃ tasyopamocyate -
yathā dīpo nivāta-stho neṅgate sopamā smṛtā |
yogino yata-cittasya yuñjato yogam ātmanaḥ ||BhG_6.19||
yathā dīpaḥ pradīpo nivāta-stho nivāte vāta-varjite deśe sthito neṅgate na calati, sopamā upamīyate 'nayety upamā yogajñaiś citta-pracāra-darśibhiḥ smṛtā cintitā yogino yata-cittasya saṃyatāntaḥ-karaṇasya yuñjato yogam anutiṣṭhata ātmanaḥ samādhim anutiṣṭhata ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.19||
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evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balād ekāgrībhūtaṃ nivāta-pradīpa-kalpaṃ sat -
yatroparamate cittaṃ niruddhaṃ yoga-sevayā |
yatra caivātmanātmānaṃ paśyann ātmani tuṣyati ||BhG_6.20||
yatra yasmin kāle uparamate cittam uparatiṃ gacchati niruddhaṃ sarvato nivārita-pracāraṃ yoga-sevayā yogānuṣṭhānena, yatra caiva yasmiṃś ca kāla ātmanā samādhi-pariśuddhenāntaḥ-karaṇenātmānaṃ paraṃ caitanyaṃ jyotiḥ-svarūpaṃ paśyann upalabhamānaḥ sva evātmani tuṣyati tuṣṭiṃ bhajate ||BhGS_6.20||
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kiṃ ca -
sukham ātyantikaṃ yat tad buddhi-grāhyam atīndriyam |
vetti yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaś calati tattvataḥ ||BhG_6.21||
sukham ātyantikam atyantam eva bhavatīty ātyantikam anantam ity arthaḥ, yat tat buddhi-grāhyaṃ buddhyaiva indriya-nirapekṣayā gṛhyate iti buddhi-grāhyam atīndriyam indriya-gocarātītam aviṣaya-janitam ity arthaḥ, vetti tad īdṛśaṃ sukham anubhavati yatra yasmin kāle, na caivāyaṃ vidvān ātma-svarūpe sthitas tasmān naiva calati tattvatas tattva-svarūpān na pracyavata ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.21||
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kiṃ ca -
yaṃ labdhvā cāparaṃ lābhaṃ manyate nādhikaṃ tataḥ |
yasmin sthito na duḥkhena guruṇāpi vicālyate ||BhG_6.22||
yaṃ labdhvā yam ātma-lābhaṃ labdhvā prāpyaś cāparam anyal lābhaṃ lābhāntaraṃ tato 'dhikam astīti na manyate na cintayati | kiṃ ca, yasmin ātma-tattve sthito duḥkhena śastra-nipātādi-lakṣaṇena guruṇā mahatāpi na vicālyate ||BhGS_6.22||
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yatroparamate ity ādyārabhya yāvadbhir viśeṣaṇair viśiṣṭa ātmāvasthā-viśeṣo yoga uktaḥ -
taṃ vidyād duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga-saṃjñitam |
sa niścayena yoktavyo yogo 'nirviṇṇa-cetasā ||BhG_6.23||
taṃ vidyād vijānīyād duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ duḥkhaiḥ saṃyogo duḥkha-saṃyogaḥ, tena viyogo duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaḥ, taṃ duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga ity eva saṃjñitaṃ viparīta-lakṣaṇena vidyād vijānīyād ity arthaḥ | yoga-phalam upasaṃhṛtya punar anvārambheṇa yogasya kartavyatocyate niścayānirvedayor yoga-sādhanatva-vidhānārtham | sa yathokta-phalo yogo niścayenādhyavasāyena yoktavyo 'nirviṇṇa-cetasā na nirviṇṇam anirviṇṇam | kiṃ tat ? cetas tena nirveda-rahitena cetasā cittenety arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.23||
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kiṃ ca -
saṃkalpa-prabhavān kāmāṃs tyaktvā sarvān aśeṣataḥ |
manasaivendriya-grāmaṃ viniyamya samantataḥ ||BhG_6.24||
saṃkalpa-prabhavān saṃkalpaḥ prabhavo yeṣāṃ kāmānāṃ te saṃkalpa-prabhavāḥ kāmās tān tyaktvā parityajya sarvān aśeṣato nirlepena | kiṃ ca, manasaiva viveka-yuktena indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ viniyamya niyamanaṃ kṛtvā samantataḥ samantāt ||BhGS_6.24||
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śanaiḥ śanair uparamed buddhyā dhṛti-gṛhītayā |
ātmasaṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayet ||BhG_6.25||
śanaiḥ śanair na sahasoparamed uparatiṃ kuryāt | kayā ? buddhyā | kiṃ-viśiṣṭayā ? dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa gṛhītayā dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhairyeṇa yuktayā ity arthaḥ | ātma-saṃstham ātmani saṃsthitam ātmaiva sarvaṃ na tato 'nyat kiṃcid astīty evam ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayet | eṣa yogasya paramo vidhiḥ ||BhGS_6.25||
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tatra evam ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kartuṃ pravṛtto yogī -
yato yato niścarati mana cañcalam asthiram |
tatas tato niyamyaitad ātmany eva vaśaṃ nayet ||BhG_6.26||
yato yato yasmād yasmān nimittāt śabdāder niścarati nirgacchati svabhāva-doṣān manaś cañcalam atyarthaṃ calam, ata evāsthiram, tatas tatas tasmāt tasmāt śabdāder nimittān niyamya tat-tan-nimittaṃ yāthātmya-nirūpaṇena śabdādeḥ nimittān niyamya tat-tan-namittaṃ yāthātmya-nirūpaṇena ābhāsīkṛtya vairāgya-bhāvanayā ca etat mana ātmany eva vaśaṃ nayet ātma-vaśyatām āpādayet | evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balāt yogina ātmany eva praśāmyati manaḥ ||BhGS_6.26||
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praśānta-manasaṃ hy enaṃ yoginaṃ sukham uttamam |
upaiti śānta-rajasaṃ brahma-bhūtam akalmaṣam ||BhG_6.27||
praśāntamanasaṃ prakarṣeṇa śāntaṃ mano yasya saḥ praśāntamanās taṃ praśāntamanasaṃ hi enaṃ yoginaṃ sukham uttamaṃ nitiśayam upaiti upagacchati śānta-rajasaṃ prakṣīṇa-mohādi-kleśa-rajasam ity arthaḥ, brahma-bhūtaṃ jīvanmuktam brahmaiva sarvam ity evaṃ niścayavantaṃ brahma-bhūtam akalmaṣaṃ dharmādharmādi-varjitam ||BhGS_6.27||
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yuñjann evaṃ sadātmānaṃ yogī vigata-kalmaṣaḥ |
sukhena brahma-saṃsparśam atyantaṃ sukham aśnute ||BhG_6.28||
yuñjann evaṃ yathoktena krameṇa yogī yogāntarāya-varjitaḥ sadā sarvadātmānaṃ vigata-kalmaṣo vigata-pāpaḥ, sukhenānāyāsena brahma-saṃsparśaṃ brahmaṇā pareṇa saṃsparśo yasya tat brahma-saṃsparrśaṃ sukham atyantam antam atītya vartata ity atyantam utkṛṣṭaṃ niratiśayam aśnute vyāpnoti ||BhGS_6.28||
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idānīṃ yogasya yat phalaṃ brahmaikatva-darśanaṃ sarva-saṃsāra-viccheda-kāraṇaṃ tat pradarśayate -
sarva-bhūta-stham ātmānaṃ sarva-bhūtāni cātmani |
īkṣate yoga-yuktātmā sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ ||BhG_6.29||
sarva-bhūta-sthaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthitaṃ svam ātmānaṃ sarva-bhūtāni ca ātmani brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni ca sarva-bhūtāni ātmany ekatāṃ gatāni īkṣate paśyati yoga-yuktātmā samāhitāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ sarveṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu viṣameṣu sarva-bhūteṣu samaṃ nirviśeṣaṃ brahmātmaikatva-viṣayaṃ darśanaṃ jñānaṃ yasya sa sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ ||BhGS_6.29||
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etasyātmaikatva-darśanasya phalam ucyate -
yo māṃ paśyati sarvatra sarvaṃ ca mayi paśyati |
tasyāhaṃ na praṇaśyāmi sa ca me na praṇaśyati ||BhG_6.30||
yo māṃ paśyati vāsudevaṃ sarvasyātmānaṃ sarvatra sarveṣu bhūteṣu sarvaṃ ca brahmādi-bhūta-jātaṃ mayi sarvātmani paśyati, tasya evaṃ ātmaikatva-darśino 'ham īśvaro na praṇaśyāmi na parokṣatāṃ gamiṣyāmi | sa ca me na praṇaśyati sa ca vidvān me mama vāsudevasya na praṇaśyati na parokṣo bhavati, tasya ca mama caikātmakatvāt | svātmā hi nāmātmanaḥ priya eva bhavati | yasmāc cāham eva sarvātmaikatva-darśī ||BhGS_6.30||
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ity etat pūrva-lokārthaṃ samyag darśanam anūdya tat-phalaṃ mokṣo 'bhidhīyate -
sarva-bhūta-sthitaṃ yo māṃ bhajaty ekatvam āsthitaḥ |
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi sa yogī mayi vartate ||BhG_6.31||
sarvathā sarva-prakāraiḥ vartamāno 'pi samyag-darśī yogī mayi vaiṣṇave parame pade vartate, nityam ukta eva saḥ, na mokṣaṃ prati kenacit pratibadhyate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.31||
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kiṃ cānyat -
ātmaupamyena sarvatra samaṃ paśyati yo 'rjuna |
sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ sa yogī paramo mataḥ ||BhG_6.32||
ātmaupamyena ātmā svayam evopamīyate 'nayety upamā | tasyā upamāyā bhāva aupamyaṃ tenātmaupamyena, sarvatra sarva-bhūteṣu samaṃ tulyaṃ paśyati yo 'rjuna, sa ca kiṃ samaṃ paśyatīty ucyate - yathā mama sukham iṣṭaṃ tathā sarva-prāṇināṃ sukham anukūlam | vā-śabdaś cārthe | yadi vā yac ca duḥkhaṃ mama pratikūlam aniṣṭaṃ yathā tathā sarva-prāṇināṃ duḥkham aniṣṭaṃ pratikūlaṃ ity evam ātmaupamyena sukha-duḥkhe 'nukūla-pratikūle tulyatayā sarva-bhūteṣu samaṃ paśyati, na kasyacit pratikūlam ācarati, ahiṃsaka ity arthaḥ | yaḥ evam ahiṃsakaḥ samyag darśana-niṣṭhaḥ, sa yogī parama utkṛṣṭo mato 'bhipretaḥ sarva-yogināṃ madhye ||BhGS_6.32||
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etasya yathoktasya samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇasya yogasya duḥkha-saṃpādyatām ālakṣya śuśruṣur dhruvaṃ tat-prāpty-upāyam arjuna uvāca -
yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ sāmyena madhusūdana |
etasyāhaṃ na paśyāmi cañcalatvāt sthitiṃ sthirām ||BhG_6.33||
yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ sāmyena samatvena he madhusūdana etasya yogasyāhaṃ na paśyāmi nopalabhe, cañcalatvān manasaḥ | kim ? sthirām acalāṃ sthitim ||BhGS_6.33||
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asiddham tat -
cañcalaṃ hi manaḥ kṛṣṇa pramāthi balavad dṛḍham |
tasyāhaṃ nigrahaṃ manye vāyor iva suduṣkaram ||BhG_6.34||
cañcalaṃ hi manaḥ | kṛṣṇeti kṛṣater vilekhanārthasya rūpam | bhakta-jana-pāpādi-doṣākarṣāṇāt kṛṣṇaḥ, tasya saṃbuddhiḥ he kṛṣṇa | hi yasmāt manaś cañcalaṃ na kevalam atyarthaṃ cañcalam, pramāthi ca pramathana-śīlam, pramathnāti śarīram indriyāṇi ca vikṣipat sat para-vaśīkaroti | kiṃ ca - balavat prabalam, na kenacit niyantuṃ śakyam, durnivāratvāt | kiṃ ca - dṛḍhaṃ tantu-nāga-vad acchedyam | tasya evaṃbhūtasya manaso 'haṃ nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ manye vāyor iva yathā vāyor duṣkaro nigrahas tato 'pi duṣkaraṃ manye ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_6.34||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca, evam etad yathā bravīṣi -
asaṃśayaṃ mahābāho mano durṇigrahaṃ calam |
abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairāgyeṇaś ca gṛhyate ||BhG_6.35||
asaṃśayaṃ nāsti saṃśayo mano durnigrahaṃ calam ity atra he mahābāho | kiṃtv abhyāsena tv abhyāso nāmaś citta-bhūmau kasyāṃcit samāna-pratyayāvṛttiś cittasya | vairāgyeṇa vairāgyaṃ nāma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-bhogeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsād vaitṛṣṇyam | tena ca vairāgyeṇa gṛhyate vikṣepa-rūpaḥ pracāraś cittasya | evaṃ tan mano gṛhyate nigṛhyate nirudhyata ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.35||
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yaḥ punar asaṃyatātmā, tena -
asaṃyatātmanā yogo duṣprāpeti me matiḥ |
vaśyātmanā tu yatatā śakyo 'vāptum upāyataḥ ||BhG_6.36||
asaṃyatātmanābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām asaṃyataḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yam asaṃyatātmā tenāsaṃyatātmanā yogo duṣprāpo duḥkhena prāpyateti me matiḥ | yas tu punar vaśyātmābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ vaśyatvam āpāditaḥ ātmā mano yasya so 'yaṃ vaśyātmā tena vaśyātmanā tu yatatā bhūyo 'pi prayatnaṃ kurvatā śakyo 'vāptuṃ yogar upāyato yathoktād upāyāt ||BhGS_6.36||
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tatra yogābhyāsāṅgīkaraṇena ihaloka-paraloka-prāpti-nimittāni karmāṇi saṃnyastāni, yoga-siddhi-phalaṃ ca mokṣa-sādhanaṃ samyag darśanaṃ na prāptam iti, yogī yoga-mārgāt maraṇa-kāle calita-citta iti tasya nāśam āśaṅkayārjuna uvāca -
ayatiḥ śraddhayopeto yogāc calita-mānasaḥ |
aprāpya yoga-saṃsiddhiṃ kāṃ gatiṃ kṛṣṇa gacchati ||BhG_6.37||
ayatir aprayatnavān yoga-mārge śraddhayāstikya-buddhyā copeto yogād anta-kāle ca calitaṃ mānasaṃ mano yasya sa calita-mānaso bhraṣṭa-smṛtiḥ so 'prāpya yoga-saṃsiddhiṃ yoga-phalaṃ samyag-darśanaṃ kāṃ gatiṃ he kṛṣṇa gacchati ||BhGS_6.37||
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kaccin nobhaya-vibhraṣṭaś chinnābhram iva naśyati |
apratiṣṭho mahābāho vimūḍho brahmaṇaḥ pathi ||BhG_6.38||
kaścit kiṃ na ubhaya-vibhraṣṭaḥ karma-mārgāt yoga-mārgāc ca vibhraṣṭaḥ san chinnābhram iva naśyati, kiṃ vā na naśyaty apratiṣṭho nirāśrayo he mahābāho vimūḍhaḥ san brahmaṇaḥ pathi brahma-prāpti-mārge ||BhGS_6.38||
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etan me saṃśayaṃ kṛṣṇaś chettum arhasy aśeṣataḥ |
tvad-anyaḥ saṃśayasyāsya chettā na hy upapadyate ||BhG_6.39||
etan me mama saṃśayaṃ kṛṣṇaś chettum apanetum arhasy aśeṣataḥ | tvad-anyas tvatto 'nyaḥ ṛṣir devo vā cchettā nāśayitā saṃśayasyāsya na hi yasmād upapadyate na saṃbhavati | atas tvam eva cchettum arhasīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.39||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
pārtha naiveha nāmutra vināśas tasya vidyate |
na hi kalyāṇa-kṛt kaścid durgatiṃ tāta gacchati ||BhG_6.40||
he pārtha naiva iha loke nāmutra parasmin vā loke vināśas tasya vidyate nāsti | nāśo nāma pūrvasmāt hīnajanmaprāptiḥ sa yogabhraṣṭasya nāsti | na hi yasmāt kalyāṇakṛt śubhakṛt kaścit durgatiṃ kutsitāṃ gatiṃ he tāta, tanoti ātmānaṃ putrarūpeṇeti pitā tāta ucyate | pitaiva putreti putro 'pi tāta ucyate | śiṣyo 'pi putra ucyate | yato na gacchati ||BhGS_6.40||
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kiṃ tv asya bhavati ? -
prāpya puṇya-kṛtāṃ lokān uṣitvā śāśvatīḥ samāḥ |
śucīnāṃ śrīmatāṃ gehe yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate ||BhG_6.41||
yoga-mārge pravṛttaḥ saṃnyāsī sāmarthyāt prāpya gatvā puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān, tatra coṣitvā vāsam anubhūya śāśvatīr nityāḥ samāḥ saṃvatsarān, tad-bhoga-kṣaye śucīnāṃ yathokta-kāriṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ vibhūti-matāṃ gehe gṛhe yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ abhijāyate ||BhGS_6.41||
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atha vā yoginām eva kule bhavati dhīmatām |
etad dhi durlabhataraṃ loke janma yad īdṛśam ||BhG_6.42||
athavā śrīmatāṃ kulāt anyasmin yoginām eva daridrāṇāṃ kule bhavati jāyate dhīmatāṃ buddhimatām | etat hi janma, yat daridrāṇāṃ yogināṃ kule, durlabhataraṃ duḥkha-labhyataraṃ pūrvam apekṣya loke janma yad īdṛśaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇe kule ||BhGS_6.42||
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yasmāt -
tatra taṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ labhate paurvadehikam |
yatate ca tato bhūyaḥ saṃsiddhau kurunandana ||BhG_6.43||
tatra yogināṃ kule taṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ buddhyā saṃyogaṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ labhate paurvadehikaṃ pūrvasmin dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam | yatate ca prayatnaṃ ca karoti tatas tasmāt pūrva-kṛtāt saṃskārāt bhūyo bahutaraṃ saṃsiddhau saṃsiddhi-nimittaṃ he kuru-nandana ||BhGS_6.43||
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kathaṃ pūrva-deha-buddhi-saṃyogeti tad ucyate -
pūrvābhyāsena tenaiva hriyate hy avaśo 'pi saḥ |
jijñāsur api yogasya śabda-brahmātivartate ||BhG_6.44||
yaḥ pūrva-janmani kṛto 'bhyāsaḥ sa pūrvābhyāsaḥ, tenaiva balavatā hriyate saṃsiddhau hi yasmād avaśo 'pi sa yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ | na kṛtaṃ ced yogābhyāsajāt saṃskārāt balavattaram adharmādi-lakṣaṇaṃ karma, tadā yogābhyāsa-janitena saṃskāreṇa hriyate | adharmaś cet balavattaraḥ kṛtaḥ, tena yogajo 'pi saṃskāro 'bhibhūyata eva, tat-kṣaye tu yogajaḥ saṃskāraḥ svayam eva kāryam ārabhate, na dīrgha-kālasthasyāpi vināśas tasyāstīty arthaḥ | ato jijñāsur api yogasya svarūpaṃ jñātum icchann api yoga-mārge pravṛttaḥ saṃnyāsī yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ, sāmarthyāt so 'pi śabda-brahma vedokta-karmānuṣṭhāna-phalam ativartate 'tikrāmaty apākariṣyati | kim uta buddhvā yo yogaṃ tan-niṣṭho 'bhyāsaṃ kuryāt ||BhGS_6.44||
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kutaś ca yogitvaṃ śreya iti -
prayatnād yatamānas tu yogī saṃśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ |
aneka-janma-saṃsiddhas tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||BhG_6.45||
prayatnād yatamānaḥ, adhikaṃ yatamāna ity arthaḥ | tatra yogī vidvān saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo viśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ saṃśuddha-pāpo 'neka-janma-saṃsiddhir anekeṣu janmasu kiṃcit kiṃcit saṃskāra-jātam upacitya tena upacitenāneka-janma-kṛtena saṃsiddho 'neka-janma-saṃsiddhas tataḥ labdha-samyag-darśanaḥ san yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ gatim ||BhGS_6.45||
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yasmād evaṃ tasmāt -
tapasvibhyo 'dhiko yogī jñānibhyo 'pi mato 'dhikaḥ |
karmibhyaś cādhiko yogī tasmād yogī bhavārjuna ||BhG_6.46||
tapasvibhyo 'dhiko yogī, jñānibhyo 'pi jñānam atra śāstrārtha-pāṇḍityam, tadvadbhyo 'pi mato jñāto 'dhikaḥ śreṣṭha iti | karmibhyaḥ, agnihotrādi karma, tadvadbhyo 'dhiko yogī viśiṣṭo yasmāt tasmād yogī bhavārjuna ||BhGS_6.46||
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yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā |
śraddhāvān bhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ ||BhG_6.47||
yoginām api sarveṣāṃ rūdrādityādi-dhyāna-parāṇāṃ madhye mad-gatena mayi vāsudeve samāhitenāntarātmanāntaḥ-karaṇena śraddhāvān śraddadhānaḥ san bhajate sevate yo mām, sa me mama yuktatamo 'tiśayena yukto mato 'bhipreta iti ||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛta śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
ṣaṣṭo 'dhyāyaḥ ||6||
BhG 7
atha jñāna-vijñāna-yogākhyaḥ saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śaṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā | śraddhāvānbhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ [Gītā 6.47]
iti praśna-bījam upanyasya, svayam eva īdṛśaṃ madīyaṃ tattvam, evaṃ mad-gatāntar-ātmā syād ity etat vivakṣuḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
mayy āsaktamanāḥ pārtha yogaṃ yuñjan madāśrayaḥ |
asaṃśayaṃ samagraṃ māṃ yathā jñāsyasi tac chṛṇu ||BhG_7.1||
mayi vakṣyamāṇa-viśeṣaṇe parameśvare āsaktaṃ mano yasya saḥ mayy āsakta-manāḥ, he pārtha ! yogaṃ yuñjan manaḥ-samādhānaṃ kurvan, mad-āśrayo 'ham eva parameśvaraḥ āśrayo yasya saḥ mad-āśrayaḥ | yo hi kaścit puruṣārthena kenacit arthī bhavati sa tat-sādhanaṃ karmāgnihotrādi tapo dānaṃ vā kiṃcid āśrayaṃ pratipadyate, ayaṃ tu yogī mām evāśrayaṃ pratipadyate, hitvānyat sādhanāntaraṃ mayy eva āsakta-manā bhavati | yas tvaṃ evaṃ-bhūtaḥ san asaṃśayaṃ samagraṃ samastaṃ vibhūti-bala-śakty-aiśvaryādi-guṇa-saṃpannaṃ māṃ yathā yena prakāreṇa jñāsyasi saṃśayam antareṇaivam eva bhagavān iti, tat sṛṇu ucyamānaṃ mayā ||BhGS_7.1||
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tac ca mad-viṣayam -
jñānaṃ te 'haṃ sa-vijñānam idaṃ vakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ |
yaj jñātvā neha bhūyo 'nyaj jñātavyam avaśiṣyate ||BhG_7.2||
jñānaṃ te tubhyam ahaṃ sa-vijñānaṃ vijñāna-sahitaṃ svānubhava-yuktam idaṃ vakṣyāmi kathayiṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena | taj jñānaṃ vivakṣitaṃ stauti śrotuḥ abhimukhīkaraṇāya - yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā neha bhūyaḥ punar anyat jñātavyaṃ puruṣārtha-sādhanam avaśiṣyate nāvaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati | iti mat-tattva-jño yaḥ, sa sarvajño bhavatīty arthaḥ | ato viśiṣṭa-phalatvāt durlabhaṃ jñānam ||BhGS_7.2||
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katham ity ucyate -
manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaś cid yatati siddhaye |
yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ ||BhG_7.3||
manuṣyāṇāṃ madhye sahasreṣu anekeṣu kaścit yatati prayatnaṃ karoti siddhaye siddhy-artham | teṣāṃ yatatām api siddhānām, siddhā eva hi te ye mokṣāya yatante, teṣāṃ kaścid eva hi māṃ vetti tattvato yathāvat ||BhGS_7.3||
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śrotāraṃ prarocanenābhimukhīkṛtyāha -
bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ khaṃ mano buddhir eva ca |
ahaṃkāra itīyaṃ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā ||BhG_7.4||
bhūmiḥ pṛthivī-tanmātram ucyate, na sthūlā | bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā iti vacanāt | tathāb-ādayo 'pi tanmātrāṇy eva ucyante - āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ kham | mana iti manasaḥ kāraṇam ahaṃkāro gṛhyate | buddhir ity ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam | ahaṃkāra ity avidyā-saṃyuktam avyaktam | yathā viṣa-saṃyuktam annaṃ viṣam ity ucyate, evam ahaṃkāra-vāsanāvad avyaktaṃ mūla-kāraṇam ahaṃkāra ity ucyate, pravartakatvāt ahaṃkārasya | ahaṃkāra eva hi sarvasya pravṛtti-bījaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ loke | itīyaṃ yathoktā prakṛtir me mamaiśvarī māyā-śaktir aṣṭadhā bhinnā bhedam āgatā ||BhGS_7.4||
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apareyam itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parām |
jīva-bhūtāṃ mahābāho yayedaṃ dhāryate jagat ||BhG_7.5||
aparā na parā nikṛṣṭāśuddhānartha-karī saṃsāra-bandhanātmikeyam | ito 'syāḥ yathoktāyās tv anyāṃ viśuddhāṃ prakṛtiṃ mamātma-bhūtāṃ viddhi me parāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇāṃ prāṇa-dhāraṇa-nimitta-bhūtāṃ he mahābāho, yayā prakṛtyedaṃ dhāryate jagad antaḥ-praviṣṭayā ||BhGS_7.5||
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etad-yonīni bhūtāni sarvāṇīty upadhāraya |
ahaṃ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ prabhavaḥ pralayas tathā ||BhG_7.6||
etad-yonīni ete parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe prakṛtī yonir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ tāni etad-yonīni, bhūtāni sarvāṇīti evam upadhāraya jānīhi | yasmāt mama prakṛti yoniḥ kāraṇaṃ sarva-bhūtānām, ato 'haṃ kṛtsnasya samastasya jagataḥ prabhava utpattiḥ pralayo vināśas tathā | prakṛti-dvaya-dvāreṇāhaṃ sarvajña īśvaro jagataḥ kāraṇam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.6||
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yatas tasmāt -
mattaḥ parataraṃ nānyat kiṃcid asti dhanaṃjaya |
mayi sarvam idaṃ protaṃ sūtre maṇigaṇā iva ||BhG_7.7||
mattaḥ parameśvarāt parataram anyat kāraṇāntaraṃ kiṃcit nāsti na vidyate, aham eva jagat-kāraṇam ity arthaḥ, he dhanaṃjaya | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt mayi parameśvare sarvāṇi bhūtāni sarvam idaṃ jagat protam anusyūtam anugatam anuviddhaṃ grathitam ity arthaḥ | dīrgha-tantuṣu paṭavat, sūtre ca maṇi-gaṇā iva ||BhGS_7.7||
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kena kena dharmeṇa viśiṣṭo tvayi sarvam idaṃ protam ity ucyate -
raso 'ham apsu kaunteya prabhāsmi śaśi-sūryayoḥ |
praṇavaḥ sarva-vedeṣu śabdaḥ khe pauruṣaṃ nṛṣu ||BhG_7.8||
raso 'ham, apāṃ yaḥ sāraṃ sa rasaḥ, tasmin rasa-bhūte mayi āpaḥ protā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvatra | yathāham apsu rasaḥ, evaṃ prabhāsmi śaśi-sūryayoḥ | praṇava oṃkāraḥ sarva-vedeṣu, tasmin praṇava-bhūte mayi sarve vedāḥ protāḥ | tathā khe ākāśe śabdaḥ sāra-bhūtaḥ, tasmin mayi khaṃ protam | tathā pauruṣaṃ puruṣasya bhāvaḥ pauruṣaṃ yataḥ puṃ-buddhir nṛṣu, tasmin mayi puruṣāḥ protāḥ ||BhGS_7.8||
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gandhaḥ pṛthivyāṃ ca tejaś cāsmi vibhāvasau |
jīvanaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu tapaś cāsmi tapasviṣu ||BhG_7.9||
puṇyaḥ surabhir gandhaḥ pṛthivyāṃ cāham | tasmin mayi gandha-bhūte pṛthivī protā | puṇyatvaṃ gandhasya svabhāvata eva pṛthivyāṃ darśitam ab-ādiṣu rasādeḥ puṇyatvopalakṣaṇārtham | apuṇyatvaṃ tu gandhādīnām avidyā-dharmādy-apekṣaṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃsarga-nimittaṃ bhavati | tejaś ca dīptiś cāsmi vibhāvasau agnau | tathā jīvanaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu, yena jīvanti sarvāṇi bhūtāni tat jīvanam | tapaś cāsmi tapasviṣu, tasmin tapasi mayi tapasvinaḥ protāḥ ||BhGS_7.9||
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bījaṃ māṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ viddhi pārtha sanātanam |
buddhir buddhimatām asmi tejas tejasvinām aham ||BhG_7.10||
bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ māṃ viddhi sarva-bhūtānāṃ he pārtha sanātanaṃ cirantanam | kiṃ ca, buddhir viveka-śaktir antaḥ-karaṇasya buddhimatāṃ viveka-śaktimatām asmi | tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ tadvatāṃ tejasvinām aham ||BhGS_7.10||
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balaṃ balavatāṃ cāhaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam |
dharmāviruddho bhūteṣu kāmo 'smi bharatarṣabha ||BhG_7.11||
balaṃ sāmarthyam ojo balavatām aham | tac ca balaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam | kāmaś ca rāgaś ca kāma-rāgau | kāmas tṛṣṇā-saṃnikṛṣṭeṣu viṣayeṣu, rāgo rañjanā prāpteṣu viṣayeṣu - tābhyāṃ kāma-rāgābhyāṃ vivarjitaṃ dehādi-dhāraṇa-mātrārthaṃ balaṃ sattvam aham asmi | na tu yat saṃsāriṇāṃ tṛṣṇā-rāga-kāraṇam | kiṃ ca - dharmāviruddhaḥ | dharmeṇa śāstrārthenāviruddho yaḥ prāṇiṣu bhūteṣu kāmaḥ, yathā deha-dhāraṇa-mātrādy-artho 'śana-pānādi-viṣayaḥ, sa kāmo 'smi | he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_7.11||
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kiṃ ca -
ye caiva sāttvikā bhāvā rājasās tāmasāś ca ye |
matta eveti tān viddhi na tv ahaṃ teṣu te mayi ||BhG_7.12||
ye caiva sāttvikāḥ sattva-nirvṛttā bhāvāḥ padārthāḥ, rājasāḥ rajo-nirvṛttās tāmasās tamo-nirvṛttāś ca, ye kecit prāṇināṃ sva-karma-vaśāt jāyante bhāvāḥ, tān matta eva jāyamānān iti evaṃ viddhi sarvān samastān eva | evaṃ yady api te matto jāyante, tathāpi na tv ahaṃ teṣu tad-adhīnas tad-vaśaḥ, yathā saṃsāriṇaḥ | te punar mayi mad-vaśāḥ mad-adhīnāḥ ||BhGS_7.12||
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evaṃ-bhūtam api parameśvaraṃ nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvaṃ sarva-bhūtātmānaṃ nirguṇaṃ saṃsāra-doṣa-bīja-pradāha-kāraṇaṃ māṃ nābhijānāti jagad ity anukrośaṃ darśayati bhagavān | tac ca kiṃ-nimittaṃ jagato 'jñānam ? ity ucyate -
tribhir guṇa-mayair bhāvair ebhiḥ sarvam idaṃ jagat |
mohitaṃ nābhijānāti mām ebhyaḥ param avyayam ||BhG_7.13||
tribhir guṇa-mayaiḥ guṇa-vikāraiḥ rāga-dveṣa-mohādi-prakārair bhāvaiḥ padārthair ebhir yathoktaiḥ sarvam idaṃ prāṇi-jātaṃ jagan mohitam avivekitām āpāditaṃ san nābhijānāni mām | ebhyo yathoktebhyo guṇebhyaḥ paraṃ vyatiriktaṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ cāvyayaṃ vyaya-rahitaṃ janmādi-sarva-bhāva-vikāra-varjitam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.13||
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kathaṃ punar daivīm etāṃ triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ māyām atikrāmatīty ucyate -
daivī hy eṣā guṇa-mayī mama māyā duratyayā |
mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te ||BhG_7.14||
daivī devasya mameśvarasya viṣṇoḥ svabhāva-bhūtā hi yasmād eṣā yathoktā guṇa-mayī mama māyā duratyayā duḥkhenātyayo 'tikramaṇaṃ yasyāḥ sā duratyayā | tatraivaṃ sati sarva-dharmān parityajya mām eva māyāvinaṃ svātma-bhūtaṃ sarvātmanā ye prapadyante te māyām etāṃ sarva-bhūta-mohinīṃ taranty atikrāmanti | te saṃsāra-bandhanān mucyanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.14||
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yadi tvāṃ prapannāḥ māyām etāṃ taranti, kasmāt tvām eva sarve na prapadyante ? ity ucyate -
na māṃ duṣkṛtino mūḍhāḥ prapadyante narādhamāḥ |
māyayāpahṛta-jñānā āsuraṃ bhāvam āśritāḥ ||BhG_7.15||
na māṃ parameśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ duṣkṛtinaḥ pāpa-kāriṇaḥ mūḍhāḥ prapadyante narādhamā narāṇāṃ madhye 'dhamāḥ nikṛṣṭaḥ | te ca māyayāpahṛta-jñānāḥ saṃmuṣita-jñānā āsuraṃ bhāvaṃ hiṃsānṛtādi-lakṣaṇam āśritāḥ ||BhGS_7.15||
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ye punar narottamāḥ puṇya-karmāṇaḥ -
catur-vidhā bhajante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtino 'rjuna |
ārto jijñāsur arthārthī jñānī ca bharatarṣabha ||BhG_7.16||
catur-vidhāś catuḥ-prakārā bhajante sevante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtinaḥ puṇya-karmāṇo he 'rjuna | ārta ārti-parigṛhītas taskara-vyāghra-rogādinābhibhūta āpannaḥ | jijñāsur bhagavat-tattvaṃ jñātum icchati yaḥ | arthārthī dhana-kāmaḥ | jñānī viṣṇos tattva-vic ca he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_7.16||
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teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yukta eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate |
priyo hi jñānino 'tyartham ahaṃ sa ca mama priyaḥ ||BhG_7.17||
teṣāṃ caturṇāṃ madhye jñānī tattva-vit tattva-vittvān nitya-yukto bhavati | eka-bhaktiś ca, anyasya bhajanīyasyādarśanāt | ataḥ sa eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate viśeṣam ādhikyam āpadyate, atiricyata ity arthaḥ | priyo hi yasmād aham ātmā jñānino 'tas tasyāham atyarthaṃ priyaḥ | prasiddhaṃ hi loke ātmā priyo bhavatīti | tasmāj jñānina ātmatvād vāsudevaḥ priyo bhavatīty arthaḥ | sa ca jñānī mama vāsudevasya ātmaiveti mamātyarthaṃ priyaḥ ||BhGS_7.17||
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na tarhy ārtādayas trayo vāsudevasya priyāḥ ? na | kiṃ tarhi ? -
udārāḥ sarva evaite jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam |
āsthitaḥ sa hi yuktātmā mām evānuttamāṃ gatim ||BhG_7.18||
udārā utkṛṣṭāḥ sarva evaite | trayo 'pi mama priyā evety arthaḥ | na hi kaścin mad-bhakto vāsudevasyāpriyo bhavati | jñānī tv atyarthaṃ priyo bhavatīti viśeṣaḥ | tat kasmāt ? ity ata āha - jñānī tv ātmaiva, nānyo matta iti me mama mataṃ niścayaḥ | āsthita āroḍhuṃ pravṛttaḥ sa jñānī hi yasmād aham eva bhagavān vāsudevo nānyo 'smīty evaṃ yuktātmā samāhita-cittaḥ san mām eva paraṃ brahma gantavyam anuttamāṃ gatiṃ gantuṃ pravṛtta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.18||
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jñānī punar api stūyate -
bahūnāṃ janmanām ante jñānavān māṃ prapadyate |
vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti sa mahātmā sudurlabhaḥ ||BhG_7.19||
bahūnāṃ janmanāṃ jñānārtha-saṃskārāśrayāṇām ante samāptau jñānavān prāpta-paripāka-jñāno māṃ vāsudevaṃ pratyag-ātmānaṃ pratyakṣataḥ prapadyate | katham ? vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti | ya evaṃ sarvātmānaṃ māṃ nārāyaṇaṃ pratipadyate, sa mahātmā | na tat-samo 'nyo 'sti, adhiko vā | ataḥ sudurlabhaḥ, manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣv iti hy uktam ||BhGS_7.19||
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ātmaiva sarvṃ vāsudeva ity evam apratipattau kāraṇam ucyate -
kāmais tais tair hṛta-jñānāḥ prapadyante 'nya-devatāḥ |
taṃ taṃ niyamam āsthāya prakṛtyā niyatāḥ svayā ||BhG_7.20||
kāmais tais taiḥ putra-paśu-svargādi-viṣayair hṛta-jñānāḥ apahṛta-viveka-vijñānāḥ prapadyante 'nya-devatāḥ prāpnuvanti vāsudevād ātmano 'nyā devatāḥ | taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ devatārādhane prasiddho yo yo niyamas taṃ tam āsthāya āśritya prakṛtyā svabhāvena janmāntarārjita-saṃskāra-viśeṣeṇa niyatāḥ niyamitāḥ svayātmīyayā ||BhGS_7.20||
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teṣāṃ ca kāminām -
yo yo yāṃ yāṃ tanuṃ bhaktaḥ śraddhayārcitum icchati |
tasya tasyācalāṃ śraddhāṃ tām eva vidadhāmy aham ||BhG_7.21||
yo yaḥ kāmī yāṃ yāṃ devatā-tanuṃ śraddhayā saṃyukto bhaktaś ca sann arcituṃ pūjayitum icchati, tasya tasya kāmino 'calāṃ sthirāṃ śraddhāṃ tām eva vidadhāmi sthirīkaromi ||BhGS_7.21||
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yayaiva pūrvaṃ pravṛttaḥ svabhāvato yo yāṃ devatā-tanuṃ śraddhayārcitum icchati -
sa tayā śraddhayā yuktas tasyā rādhanam īhate |
labhate ca tataḥ kāmān mayaiva vihitān hi tān ||BhG_7.22||
sa tayā mad-vihitayā śraddhayā yuktaḥ san tasyā devatā-tanvā rādhanam ārādhanam īhate ceṣṭate | labhate ca tatas tasyā ārādhitāyā devatā-tanvāḥ kāmān īpsitān mayaiva parameśvareṇa sarvajñena karma-phala-vibhāga-jñatayā vihitān nirmitān tān, hi yasmāt te bhagavatā vihitāḥ kāmās tasmāt tān avaśyaṃ labhate ity arthaḥ | hitān iti pada-cchede hitatvaṃ kāmānām upacaritaṃ kalpyam | na hi kāmā hitāḥ kasyacit ||BhGS_7.22||
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yasmād antavat sādhana-vyāpārāvivekinaḥ kāminaś ca te | ataḥ -
antavat tu phalaṃ teṣāṃ tad bhavaty alpa-medhasām |
devān deva-yajo yānti mad-bhaktā yānti mām api ||BhG_7.23||
antavad vināśi tu phalaṃ teṣāṃ tad bhavaty alpa-medhasām alpa-prajñānām | devān deva-yajo yānti devān yajantīti deva-yajaḥ, te devān yānti | mad-bhaktā yānti mām api | evaṃ samāne 'py āyāse mām eva na prapadyante 'nanta-phalāya | aho khalu kaṣṭaṃ vartata ity anukrośaṃ darśayati bhagavān ||BhGS_7.23||
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kiṃ-nimittaṃ mām eva na prapadyanta ity ucyate -
avyaktaṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ manyante mām abuddhayaḥ |
paraṃ bhāvam ajānanto mamāvyayam anuttamam ||BhG_7.24||
avyaktam aprakāśaṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ prakāśaṃ gatam idānīṃ manyante māṃ nitya-prasiddham īśvaram api santam abuddhayo 'vivekinaḥ paraṃ bhāvaṃ param ātma-svarūpam ajānanto 'vivekinaḥ mamāvyayaṃ vyaya-rahitam anuttamaṃ niratiśayaṃ madīyaṃ bhāvam ajānanto manyanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.24||
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tad-ajñānaṃ kiṃ-nimittam ity ucyate -
nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yoga-māyā-samāvṛtaḥ |
mūḍho 'yaṃ nābhijānāti loko mām ajam avyayam ||BhG_7.25||
nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya lokasya, keṣāṃcid eva mad-bhaktānāṃ prakāśo 'ham ity abhiprāyaḥ | yoga-māyā-samāvṛto yogo guṇānāṃ yuktir ghaṭanaṃ saiva māyā yoga-māyā | tayā yogamāyayā samāvṛtaḥ, saṃchanna ity arthaḥ | ata eva mūḍho loko 'yaṃ nābhijānāti mām ajam avyayam ||BhGS_7.25||
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vedāhaṃ samatītāni vartamānāni cārjuna |
bhaviṣyāṇi ca bhūtāni māṃ tu veda na kaścana ||BhG_7.26||
yayā yogamāyayā samāvṛtaṃ māṃ loko nābhijānāti, nāsau yogamāyā madīyā satī mameśvarasya māyāvino jñānaṃ pratibadhnāti | yathānyasyāpi māyāvino māyā jñānaṃ tadvat | yataḥ evam, ataḥ -- ahaṃ tu veda jāne samatītāni samatikrāntāni bhūtāni, vartamānāni cārjuna, bhaviṣyāṇi ca bhūtāni vedāham | māṃ tu veda na kaścana mad-bhaktaṃ mac-charaṇam ekaṃ muktvā | mat-tattva-vedanābhāvād eva na māṃ bhajate ||BhGS_7.26||
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kena punar mat-tattva-vedana-pratibandhena pratibaddhāni santi jāyamānāni sarva-bhūtāni māṃ na vidanti ? ity apekṣāyām idam āha -
icchā-dveṣa-samutthena dvandva-mohena bhārata |
sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ sarge yānti parantapa ||BhG_7.27||
icchā-dveṣa-samutthena icchā ca dveṣaś cecchā-dveṣau | tābhyāṃ samuttiṣṭhatītīcchā-dveṣa-samutthas tenecchā-dveṣa-samutthena | keneti viśeṣāpekṣāyām idam āha - dvandva-mohena dvandva-nimitto moho dvandva-mohas tena | tāv eva icchā-dveṣau śītoṣṇavat paraspara-viruddhau sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-viṣayau yathā-kālaṃ sarva-bhūtaiḥ saṃbadhyamānau dvandva-śabdenābhidhīyete | tatra yadecchā-dveṣau sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-saṃprāptyā labdhātmakau bhavataḥ, tadā tau sarva-bhūtānāṃ prajñāyāḥ sva-vaśāpādana-dvāreṇa paramārthātma-tattva-viṣaya-jñānotpatti-pratibandha-kāraṇaṃ mohaṃ janayataḥ | na hīcchā-dveṣa-doṣa-vaśīkṛta-cittasya yathā-bhūtārtha-viṣaya-jñānam utpadyate bahir api | kim u vaktavyaṃ tābhyām āviṣṭa-buddheḥ saṃmūḍhasya pratyag-ātmani bahu-pratibandhe jñānaṃ notpadyateti | atas tena icchā-dveṣa-samutthena dvandva-mohena, bhārata bharatānvayaja, sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohitāni santi saṃmohaṃ saṃmūḍhatāṃ sarge janmani, utpatti-kāle ity etat, yānti gacchanti he paraṃtapa | moha-vaśāny eva sarva-bhūtāni jāyamānāni jāyanta ity abhiprāyaḥ | yata evam atas tena dvandva-mohena pratibaddha-prajñānāni sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohitāni mām ātma-bhūtaṃ na jānanti | ata eva ātma-bhāvena māṃ na bhajante ||BhGS_7.27||
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ke punar anena dvandva-mohena nirmuktāḥ santas tvāṃ viditvā yathā-śāstram ātma-bhāve bhajanta ity apekṣitam arthaṃ darśayitum ucyate -
yeṣāṃ tv anta-gataṃ pāpaṃ janānāṃ puṇya-karmaṇām |
te dvandva-moha-nirmuktā bhajante māṃ dṛḍha-vratāḥ ||BhG_7.28||
yeṣāṃ tu punar anta-gataṃ samāpta-prāyaṃ kṣīṇaṃ pāpaṃ janānāṃ puṇya-karmaṇāṃ puṇyaṃ karma yeṣāṃ sattva-śuddhi-kāraṇaṃ vidyate te puṇya-karmāṇas teṣāṃ puṇya-karmaṇām, te dvandva-moha-nirmuktā yathoktena dvandva-mohena nirmuktā bhajante māṃ paramātmanāṃ dṛḍha-vratāḥ | evam eva paramārtha-tattvaṃ nānyathety evaṃ sarva-parityāga-vratena niścita-vijñānā dṛḍha-vratā ucyante ||BhGS_7.28||
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te kim-arthaṃ bhajante ? ity ucyate -
jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya mām āśritya yatanti ye |
te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam adhyātmaṃ karma cākhilam ||BhG_7.29||
jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya jarā-maraṇayor mokṣārthaṃ māṃ parameśvaram āśritya mat-samāhita-cittāḥ santo yatanti prayatante ye, te yad brahma paraṃ tad viduḥ kṛtsnaṃ samastam adhyātmaṃ pratyag-ātma-viṣayaṃ vastu tad viduḥ | karma cākhilaṃ samastaṃ viduḥ ||BhGS_7.29||
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sādhibhūtādhidaivaṃ māṃ sādhiyajñaṃ ca ye viduḥ |
prayāṇa-kāle 'pi ca māṃ te vidur yukta-cetasaḥ ||BhG_7.30||
sādhibhūtādhidaivam adhibhūtaṃ cādhidaivaṃ cādhibhūtādhidaivam, sahādhibhūtādhidaivena vartata iti sādhibhūtādhidaivaṃ ca māṃ ye viduḥ | sādhiyajñaṃ ca sahādhiyajñena sādhiyajñaṃ ye viduḥ, prayāṇa-kāle maraṇa-kāle 'pi ca māṃ te viduḥ | yukta-cetasaḥ samāhita-cittā iti ||BhGS_7.30||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 8
atha brahmākṣara-nirdeśo nāma aṣṭamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrīmac-chaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-viracita-bhāṣyaḥ)
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te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam ity ādinā bhagavatārjunasya praśna-bījāni upadiṣṭani | atas tat-praśnārtham arjuna uvāca -
kiṃ tad brahma kim adhyātmaṃ kiṃ karma puruṣottama |
adhibhūtaṃ ca kiṃ proktam adhidaivaṃ kim ucyate ||BhG_8.1||
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṃ ko 'tra dehe 'smin madhusūdana |
prayāṇa-kāle ca kathaṃ jñeyo 'si niyatātmabhiḥ ||BhG_8.2||
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eṣāṃ praśnānāṃ yathā-kramaṃ nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
akṣaraṃ brahma paramaṃ svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate |
bhūtabhāvodbhava-karo visargaḥ karma-saṃjñitaḥ ||BhG_8.3||
akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīty akṣaraṃ para ātmā, etasya vākṣarasya praśāsane gārgi [BAU 3.8.9] iti śruteḥ | oṃkārasya ca om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma [Gītā 8.13] iti pareṇa viśeṣaṇād agrahaṇam | paramam iti ca niratiśaye brahmaṇy akṣare upapannataram viśeṣaṇam | tasyaiva parasya brahmaṇaḥ pratidehaṃ pratyag-ātma-bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ | svo bhāvaḥ svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate | ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya pratyag-ātmatayā pravṛttaṃ paramārtha-brahmāvasānaṃ vastu svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate 'dhyātma-śabdenābhidhīyate | bhūta-bhāvodbhava-karo bhūtānāṃ bhāvo bhūta-bhāvas tasya udbhavo bhūta-bhāvodbhavas taṃ karotīti bhūta-bhāvodbhava-karaḥ, bhūta-vastūtpatti-kara ity arthaḥ | visargo visarjanaṃ devatoddeśena caru-puroḍāśāder dravyasya parityāgaḥ | sa eṣa visarga-lakṣaṇo yajñaḥ karma-saṃjñitaḥ karma-śabdita ity etat | etasmāt hi bīja-bhūtād vṛṣṭyaḍādi-krameṇa sthāvara-jaṅgamāni bhūtāny udbhavanti ||BhGS_8.3||
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adhibhūtaṃ kṣaro bhāvaḥ puruṣaś cādhidaivatam |
adhiyajño 'ham evātra dehe deha-bhṛtāṃ vara ||BhG_8.4||
adhibhūtaṃ prāṇi-jātam adhikṛtya bhavatīti | ko 'sau ? kṣaraḥ kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī, bhāvo yat kiṃcit janimat vastv ity arthaḥ | puruṣaḥ pūrṇam anena sarvam iti, puri śayanāt vā, puruṣaḥ ādityāntargato hiraṇyagarbhaḥ, sarva-prāṇi-karaṇānām anugrāhakaḥ, so 'dhidaivatam | adhiyajñaḥ sarva-yajñābhimāninī viṣṇv-ākhyā devatā, yajño vai viṣṇuḥ [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruteḥ | sa hi viṣṇur aham eva | atrāsmin dehe yo yajñas tasyāham adhiyajñaḥ | yajño hi deha-nirvartyatvena deha-samavāyīti dehādhikaraṇo bhavati, deha-bhṛtāṃ vara ! ||BhGS_8.4||
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anta-kāle ca mām eva smaran muktvā kalevaram |
yaḥ prayāti sa mad-bhāvaṃ yāti nāsty atra saṃśayaḥ ||BhG_8.5||
anta-kāle maraṇa-kāle ca mām eva parameśvaraṃ viṣṇuṃ smaran muktvā parityajya kalevaraṃ śarīraṃ yaḥ prayāti gacchati | sa mad-bhāvaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ tattvaṃ yāti | nāsti na vidyate 'trāsminn arthe saṃśayaḥ - yāti vā na veti ||
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na mad-viṣaya evāyaṃ niyamaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? -
yaṃ yaṃ vāpi smaran bhāvaṃ tyajaty ante kalevaram |
taṃ tam evaiti kaunteya sadā tad-bhāva-bhāvitaḥ ||BhG_8.6||
yaṃ yaṃ vāpi yaṃ yaṃ bhāvaṃ devatā-viśeṣaṃ smaran cintayan tyajati parityajaty ante 'nta-kāle prāṇa-viyoga-kāle kalevaraṃ śarīraṃ taṃ tam eva smṛtaṃ bhāvam eva eti nānyaṃ kaunteya, sadā sarvadā tad-bhāva-bhāvitas tasmin bhāvas tad-bhāvaḥ sa bhāvitaḥ smaryamāṇatayābhyasto yena sa tad-bhāva-bhāvitaḥ san ||BhGS_8.6||
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yasmād evam antyā bhāvanā dehāntara-prāptau kāraṇam -
tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu mām anusmara yudhya ca |
mayy arpita-mano-buddhir mām evaiṣyasy asaṃśayaḥ ||BhG_8.7||
tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu mām anusmara yathā-śāstram | yudhyaś ca yuddhaṃ sva-dharmaṃ kuru | mayi vāsudeve 'rpite mano-buddhī yasya tava sa tvaṃ mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ san mām eva yathā-smṛtam eṣyasy āgamiṣyasi | asaṃśayo na saṃśayo 'tra vidyate ||BhGS_8.7||
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kiṃ ca -
abhyāsa-yoga-yuktena cetasā nānya-gāminā |
paramaṃ puruṣaṃ divyaṃ yāti pārthānucintayan ||BhG_8.8||
abhyāsa-yoga-yuktena mayi citta-samarpaṇa-viṣaya-bhūta ekasmiṃs tulya-pratyayāvṛtti-lakṣaṇo vilakṣaṇa-pratyayānantarito 'bhyāsaḥ sa cābhyāso yogas tena yuktaṃ tatraiva vyāpṛtaṃ yoginaś cetas tena | cetasā nānya-gāminā nānyatra viṣayāntare gantuṃ śīlam asyeti nānya-gāmi tena nānya-gāminā, paramaṃ niratiśayaṃ puruṣaṃ divyaṃ divi sūrya-maṇḍāle bhavaṃ yāti gacchati he pārthānucintayan śāstrācāryopadeśam anudhyāyan ity etat ||BhGS_8.8||
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kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ ca puraṣaṃ yāti ? ity ucyate -
kaviṃ purāṇam anuśāsitāram
aṇor aṇīyāṃsam anusmared yaḥ |
sarvasya dhātāram acintya-rūpam
āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt ||BhG_8.9||
kaviṃ krānta-darśinaṃ sarva-jñaṃ purāṇaṃ cirantanam anuśāsitāraṃ sarvasya jagataḥ praśāsitāram aṇoḥ sūkṣmād apy aṇīyāṃsaṃ sūkṣmataram anusmared anucintayed yaḥ kaścit, sarvasya karma-phala-jātasya dhātāraṃ vidhātāraṃ vicitratayā prāṇibhyo vibhaktāram, acintya-rūpaṃ nāsya rūpaṃ niyataṃ vidyamānam api kenacit cintayituṃ śakyata ity acintya-rūpas tam, āditya-varṇam ādityasyeva nitya-caitanya-prakāśo varṇo yasya tam āditya-varṇam, tamasaḥ parastāt, ajñāna-lakṣaṇān mohāndhakārāt paraṃ tam anucintayad yātīti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_8.9||
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kiṃ ca -
prayāṇa-kāle manasācalena
bhaktyā yukto yoga-balena caiva |
bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśya samyak
sa taṃ paraṃ puruṣam upaiti divyam ||BhG_8.10||
prayāṇa-kāle maraṇa-kāle manasācalena calana-varjitena bhaktyā yukto bhajanaṃ bhaktis tayā yukto yoga-balena caiva yogasya balaṃ yoga-balaṃ samādhija-saṃskāra-pracaya-janita-citta-sthairya-lakṣaṇaṃ yoga-balaṃ tena ca yukta ity arthaḥ | pūrvaṃ hṛdaya-puṇḍārīke vaśīkṛtya cittaṃ tata ūrdhva-gāminyā nāḍyā bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśya sthāpayitvā samyag-āpramattaḥ san, sa evaṃ buddhimān yogī kaviṃ purāṇam ity ādi-lakṣaṇaṃ taṃ paraṃ parataraṃ puruṣam upaiti pratipadyate divyaṃ dyotanātmakam ||BhGS_8.10||
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[yoga-mārgānugamanenaiva brahma-vidyām antareṇāpi brahma prāpyata ity evaṃ prāptam idam ucyate ] punar api vakṣyamāṇenopāyena pratipitsitasya brahmaṇo veda-vidvad-anādi-viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣyasyābhidhānaṃ karoti bhagavān -
yad akṣaraṃ veda-vido vadanti
viśanti yad yatayo vīta-rāgāḥ |
yad icchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti
tat te padaṃ saṃgraheṇa pravakṣye ||BhG_8.11||
yad akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīty akṣaram avināśi vedavido vedārthajñāḥ vadanti | tad vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanti [BAU 3.8.8] iti śruteḥ | sarva-viśeṣa-nivartakatvenābhivadanty asthūlam aṇv ity ādi | kiṃ ca - viśanti praviśanti samyag-darśana-prāptau satyāṃ yad yatayo yatana-śīlāḥ saṃnyāsino vīta-rāgāḥ vīto vigataḥ rāgo yebhyas te vīta-rāgāḥ | yac cākṣaram icchanto jñātum iti vākya-śeṣaḥ brahmacaryaṃ gurau caranti ācaranti, tat te padaṃ tad akṣarākhyaṃ padaṃ padanīyaṃ te tava saṃgraheṇa, saṃgrahaḥ saṃkṣepas tena, saṃkṣepeṇa pravakṣye kathayiṣyāmi ||BhGS_8.11||
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sa yo ha vai tad bhagavan manuṣyeṣu prāyaṇāntam oṃkāram abhidhyāyīta | katamaṃ vāva sa tena lokaṃ jayatīti | tasmai sa hovāca - etad vai satya-kāma paraṃ cāparaṃ ca brahma yad oṃkāraḥ [PraśnaU 5.1-2] ity upakramya, yaḥ punar etaṃ trimātreṇa om ity etenaivākṣareṇa paraṃ puruṣam abhidhyāyīta sa sāmabhir unnīyate brahma-lokam [PraśnaU 5.5] ity ādinā vacanena, anyatra dharmād anyatrādharmād [KaṭhU 1.2.14] iti copakramya
sarve vedā yat padam āmananti tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yad vadanti | yad icchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti tat te padaṃ saṃgraheṇa bravīmy om ity etad [KaṭhU 1.2.15]
ity ādibhiś ca vacanaiḥ parasya brahmaṇo vācaka-rūpeṇa, pratimāvat pratīka-rūpeṇa vā, para-brahma-pratipatti-sādhanatvena manda-madhyama-buddhīnāṃ vivakṣitasya oṃkārasyopāsanaṃ kālāntare mukti-phalam uktaṃ yat, tad evehāpi kaviṃ purāṇam anuśāsitāram [Gītā 8.9] yad akṣaraṃ veda-vido vadanti [Gītā 8.11] iti copanyastasya parasya brahmaṇaḥ pūrvokta-rūpeṇa pratipatty-upāya-bhūtasya oṃkārasya kālāntara-mukti-phalam upāsanaṃ yogadhāraṇā-sahitaṃ vaktavyam | prasaktānuprasaktaṃ ca yat kiṃcid ity evam artha uttare grantha ārabhyate -
sarva-dvārāṇi saṃyamya mano hṛdi nirudhya ca |
mūrdhny ādhāyātmanaḥ prāṇam āsthito yoga-dhāraṇām ||BhG_8.12||
sarva-dvārāṇi sarvāṇi ca tāni dvārāṇi ca sarva-dvārāṇy upalabdhau, tāni sarvāṇi saṃyasya saṃyamanaṃ kṛtvā mano hṛdi hṛdaya-puṇḍārīke nirūdhya nirodhaṃ kṛtvā niṣpracāram āpādya, tatra vaśīkṛtena manasā hṛdayād ūrdhva-gāminyā nāḍyordhvam ārūhya mūrdhny ādhāya ātmanaḥ prāṇam āsthitaḥ pṛvṛtto yoga-dhāraṇāṃ dhārayitum ||BhGS_8.12||
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tatraiva ca dhārayan -
om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma vyāharan mām anusmaran |
yaḥ prayāti tyajan dehaṃ sa yāti paramāṃ gatim ||BhG_8.13||
om iti ekākṣaraṃ brahma brahmaṇo 'bhidhāna-bhūtam oṃkāraṃ vyāharan ucārayan, tad-artha-bhūtaṃ mām īśvaram anusmaran anucintayan yaḥ prayāti mriyate, sa tyajan parityajan dehaṃ śarīram - tyajan deham iti prayāṇa-viśeṣaṇārtham deha-tyāgena prayāṇam ātmanaḥ, na svarūpa-nāśenety arthaḥ - sa evaṃ yāti gacchati paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatim ||BhGS_8.13||
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kiṃ ca -
ananya-cetāḥ satataṃ yo māṃ smarati nityaśaḥ |
tasyāhaṃ sulabhaḥ pārtha nitya-yuktasya yoginaḥ ||BhG_8.14||
ananya-cetā nānya-viṣaye ceto yasya so 'yam ananya-cetāḥ | yogī satataṃ sarvadā yo māṃ parameśvaraṃ smarati | nityaśaḥ satatam iti nairantaryam ucyate, nityaśaḥ iti dīrgha-kālatvam ucyate | na ṣaṇ-māsaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ vā | kiṃ tarhi ? yāvaj-jīvaṃ nairantaryeṇa yo māṃ smaratīty arthaḥ | tasya yogino 'haṃ sulabhaḥ sukhena labhyo he pārtha, nitya-yuktasya sadā samāhita-cittasya yoginaḥ | yata evam, ato 'nanya-cetāḥ san mayi sadā samāhito bhavet ||BhGS_8.14||
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tava saulabhyena kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyate | sṛṇu tan mama saulabhyena yad bhavati -
mām upetya punar-janma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam |
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ paramāṃ gatāḥ ||BhG_8.15||
mām upetya mām īśvaram upetya mad-bhāvam āpadya punar janma punar utpattiṃ nāpnuvanti na prāpnuvanti | kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ punar-janma na prāpnuvanti ? iti, tad-viśeṣaṇam āha - duḥkhālayaṃ duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnām ālayaṃ āśrayam | ālīyante yasmin duḥkhānīti duḥkhālayaṃ janma | na kevalaṃ duḥkhālayam, aśāśvatam anavasthita-svarūpaṃ ca | nāpnuvanti īdṛśaṃ punar-janma mahātmāno yatayaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mokṣākhyāṃ paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatāḥ prāptāḥ | ye punar māṃ na prāpnuvanti te punar āvartante ||BhGS_8.15||
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kiṃ punas tvatto 'nyat prāptāḥ punar āvartante ? ity ucyate -
ā brahma-bhuvanāl lokāḥ punar-āvartino 'rjuna |
mām upetya tu kaunteya punar-janma na vidyate ||BhG_8.16||
ā brahma-bhuvanāt bhavanty asmin bhūtānīti bhuvanam | brahmaṇo bhuvanaṃ brahma-bhuvanam, brahma-loka ity arthaḥ | ā brahma-bhuvanāt saha brahma-bhuvanena lokāḥ sarve punar-āvartinaḥ punar-āvartana-svabhāvāḥ | he 'rjuna | mām ekam upetya tu kaunteya punar-janma punar-utpattiḥ na vidyate ||BhGS_8.16||
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brahma-loka-sahitā lokāḥ kasmāt punar-āvartinaḥ ? kāla-paricchinnatvāt | katham ? -
sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ |
rātriṃ yuga-sahasrāntāṃ te 'ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ||BhG_8.17||
sahasra-yuga-paryantaṃ sahasrāṇi yugāni paryantaḥ paryavasānaṃ yasyāhnas tat ahaḥ sahasra-yuga-paryantam | brahmaṇaḥ prajāpater virājo viduḥ | rātrim api yuga-sahasrāntām ahaḥ-parimāṇām eva | ke vidur ity āha - te 'ho-rātra-vidaḥ kāla-saṃkhyā-vido janā ity arthaḥ | yata evaṃ kāla-paricchinnās te, ataḥ punar-āvartino lokāḥ ||BhGS_8.17||
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prajāpater ahani yad bhavati rātrau ca, tad ucyate -
avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavanty ahar-āgame |
rātry-āgame pralīyante tatraivāvyakta-saṃjñake ||BhG_8.18||
avyaktād avyaktaṃ prajāpateḥ svāpāvasthā | tasmād avyaktād vyaktayo vyajyanta iti vyaktayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ prabhavanty abhivyajyante, ahna āgamo 'har-āgamas tasmin ahar-āgame kāle brahmaṇaḥ prabodha-kāle | tathā rātry-āgame brahmaṇaḥ svāpa-kāle pralīyante sarvā vyaktayas tatraiva pūrvokte 'vyakta-saṃjñake ||BhGS_8.18||
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akṛtābhyāgama-kṛta-vipraṇāśa-doṣa-parihārārthaṃ bandha-mokṣa-śāstra-pravṛtti-sāphalya-pradarśanārtham avidyādi-kleśa-mūla-karmāśaya-vaśāc cāvaśo bhūta-grāmo bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyata ity ataḥ saṃsāre vairāgya-pradarśanārthaṃ cedam āha -
bhūta-grāmaḥ sa evāyaṃ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate |
rātry-āgame 'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavaty ahar-āgame ||BhG_8.19||
bhūta-grāmo bhūta-samudāyaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇo yaḥ pūrvasmin kalpa āsīt sa evāyaṃ nānyaḥ | bhūtvā bhūtvāhar-āgame | pralīyate punaḥ punaḥ rātry-āgame 'hnaḥ kṣaye 'vaśo 'svatantra eva | he pārtha | prabhavati jāyate 'vaśa evāhar-āgame ||BhGS_8.19||
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yad upanyastam akṣaram, tasya prāpty-upāyo nirdiṣṭa om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma [Gītā 8.13] ity ādinā | athedānīm akṣarasyaiva svarūpa-nirdidikṣayedam ucyate, anena yoga-mārgeṇedaṃ gantavyam iti -
paras tasmāt tu bhāvo 'nyo 'vyakto 'vyaktāt sanātanaḥ |
yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati ||BhG_8.20||
paro vyatirikto bhinnaḥ | kutaḥ ? tasmāt pūrvoktāt | tu-śabdo 'kṣarasya vivakṣitasyāvyaktād vailakṣaṇya-viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | bhāvo 'kṣarākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma | vyatiriktatve saty api sālakṣaṇya-prasaṅgo 'stīti tad-vinivṛtty-artham āha - anya iti | anyo vilakṣaṇaḥ | sa cāvyakto 'nindriya-gocaraḥ | paras tasmād ity uktam | kasmāt punaḥ paraḥ ? pūrvoktād bhūta-grāma-bīja-bhūtād avidyā-lakṣaṇād avyaktāt | anyo vilakṣaṇo bhāva ity abhiprāyaḥ | sanātanaś cirantano yaḥ sa bhāvaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu brahmādiṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati ||BhGS_8.20||
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avyakto 'kṣara ity uktas tam āhuḥ paramāṃ gatim |
yaṃ prāpya na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṃ mama ||BhG_8.21||
yo 'sāv avyakto 'kṣara ity uktas tam evākṣara-saṃjñakam avyaktaṃ bhāvam āhuḥ paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatim | yaṃ paraṃ bhāvaṃ prāpya gatvā na nivartante saṃsārāya, tad dhāma sthānaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ mama, viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_8.21||
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tal-labdher upāya ucyate -
puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā |
yasyāntaḥ-sthāni bhūtāni yena sarvam idaṃ tatam ||BhG_8.22||
puruṣaḥ puri śayanāt pūrṇatvād vā | sa paraḥ pārtha, paro niratiśayaḥ, yasmāt puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit | sa bhaktyā labhyas tu jñāna-lakṣaṇayānanyayā ātma-viṣayayā | yasya puruṣasyāntaḥ-sthāni madhya-sthāni bhūtāni kārya-bhūtāni | kāryaṃ hi kāraṇasyāntarvarti bhavati | yena puruṣeṇa sarvaṃ idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptam ākāśeneva ghaṭādi ||BhGS_8.22||
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prakṛtānāṃ yogināṃ praṇavāveśita-brahma-buddhīnāṃ kālāntara-mukti-bhājāṃ brahma-pratipattaya uttaro mārgo vaktavya iti yatra kāle ity ādi vivakṣitārtha-samarpaṇārtham ucyate, āvṛtti-mārgopanyāsaḥ itara-mārga-stuty-artham ucyate -
yatra kāle tv anāvṛttim āvṛttiṃ caiva yoginaḥ |
prayātā yānti taṃ kālaṃ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha ||BhG_8.23||
yatra kāle prayātā iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | yatra yasmin kāle tv anāvṛttim apunar-janma āvṛttiṃ tad-viparītāṃ caiva | yogina iti yoginaḥ karmiṇaś cocyante | karmiṇas tu guṇataḥ karma-yogena yoginām iti viśeṣaṇād yoginaḥ | yatra kāle prayātā mṛtā yogino 'nāvṛttiṃ yānti, yatra kāle ca prayātāḥ āvṛttiṃ yānti, taṃ kālaṃ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha ||
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taṃ kālam āha -
agnir jyotir ahaḥ śuklaḥ ṣaṇ-māsā uttarāyaṇam |
tatra prayātā gacchanti brahma brahma-vido janāḥ ||BhG_8.24||
agniḥ kālābhimāninī devatā | tathā jyotir api devataiva kālābhimāninī | athavā, agni-jyotiṣī yathā śrute eva devate | bhūyasā tu nirdeśo yatra kāle taṃ kālam iti āmra-vanavat | tathāhar devatāhar-abhimāninī | śuklaḥ śukla-pakṣa-devatā | ṣaṇ-māsā uttarāyaṇam, tatrāpi devataiva mārga-bhūtā [BAU 4.3.4] iti sthito 'nyatrāyaṃ nyāyaḥ | tatra tasmin mārge prayātā mṛtā gacchanti brahma brahma-vido brahmopāsakā brahmopāsana-parā janāḥ | krameṇeti vākya-śeṣaḥ | na hi sadyo-mukti-bhājāṃ samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ gatir āgatir vā kvacid asti | na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti [BAU 4.4.6] iti śruteḥ | brahmasaṃlīnaprāṇaiva te brahmamayā brahma-bhūtaiva te |
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dhūmo rātris tathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam |
tatra cāndramasaṃ jyotir yogī prāpya nivartate ||BhG_8.25||
dhūmo rātrir dhūmābhimāninī rātry-abhimāninī ca devatā | tathā kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-devatā | ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam iti ca pūrvavat devataiva | tatra candramasi bhavaṃ cāndramasaṃ jyotiḥ phalam iṣṭādi-kārī yogī karmī prāpya bhuktvā tat-kṣayād iha punar nivartate ||BhGS_8.25||
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śukla-kṛṣṇe gatī hy ete jagataḥ śāśvate mate |
ekayā yāty anāvṛttim anyayāvartate punaḥ ||BhG_8.26||
śukla-kṛṣṇe śuklā ca kṛṣṇā ca śukla-kṛṣṇe, jñāna-prakāśakatvāt śuklā, tadabhāvāt kṛṣṇā | ete śukla-kṛṣṇe hi gatī jagataḥ ity adhikṛtānāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ, na jagataḥ sarvasyaiva ete gatī saṃbhavataḥ | śāśvate nitye, saṃsārasya nityatvāt, mate 'bhiprete | tatraikayā śuklayā yāty anāvṛttim, anyayā itarayā āvartate punar bhūyaḥ ||BhGS_8.26||
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naite sṛtī pārtha jānan yogī muhyati kaścana |
tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu yoga-yukto bhavārjuna ||BhG_8.27||
na ete yathokte sṛtī mārgau pārtha jānan saṃsārāya ekā, anyā mokṣāyeti | yogī na muhyati kaścana kaścid api | tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu yoga-yuktaḥ samāhito bhavārjuna ||BhGS_8.27||
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śṛṇu tasya yogasya māhātmyam -
vedeṣu yajñeṣu tapaḥsu caiva
dāneṣu yat puṇya-phalaṃ pradiṣṭam |
atyeti tat sarvam idaṃ viditvā
yogī paraṃ sthānam upaiti cādyam ||BhG_8.28||
vedeṣu samyag-adhīteṣu yajñeṣu ca sādguṇyenānutiṣṭhiteṣu tapaḥsu ca sutapteṣu dāneṣu ca samyag-datteṣu yad eteṣu puṇya-phalaṃ puṇyasya phalaṃ puṇya-phalaṃ pradiṣṭaṃ śāstreṇa, atyety atītya gacchati sat sarvaṃ phala-jātam | idaṃ viditvā sapta-praśna-nirṇaya-dvāreṇoktam arthaṃ samyag avadhāryānuṣṭhāya yogī paraṃ prakṛṣṭam aiśvaraṃ sthānam upaiti ca pratipadyate | ādyam ādau bhavaṃ kāraṇaṃ brahmety arthaḥ ||BhGS_8.28||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye brahmākṣara-nirdeśo nāma aṣṭamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||8||
BhG 9
atha rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śāṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
aṣṭame nāḍy-ādi-dvāreṇa dhāraṇā-yogaḥ saguṇa uktaḥ | tasya ca phalam agny-arcir-ādi-krameṇa kālāntare brahma-prāpti-lakṣaṇam evānāvṛtti-rūpaṃ nirdiṣṭam | tatrānenaiva prakāreṇa mokṣa-prāpti-phalam adhigamyate, nānyathā iti tad āśaṅkā-vyāvivartayiṣayā śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
idaṃ tu te guhyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmy anasūyave |
jñānaṃ vijñāna-sahitaṃ yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt ||BhG_9.1||
idaṃ brahma-jñānaṃ vakṣyamāṇam uktaṃ ca pūrveṣu adhyāyeṣu, tat buddhau saṃnidhīkṛtya idam ity āha | tu-śabdo viśeṣa-nirdhāraṇārthaḥ | idam eva tu samyag-jñānaṃ sākṣāt mokṣa-prāpti-sādhanam vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti [Gītā 7.12], ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] ekam evādvitīyam [ChāU 6.2.1] ity ādi-śruti-smṛtibhyaḥ | nānyat, atha te ye 'nyathāto vidur anya-rājānas te kṣayya-lokā bhavanti [ChāU 7.25.2] ity ādi-śrutibhyaś ca | te tubhyaṃ guhyatamaṃ gopyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmi kathayiṣyāmy anasūyave 'sūyā-rahitāya | kiṃ tat ? jñānam | kiṃ-viśiṣṭam ? vijñāna-sahitam anubhava-yuktam, yaj jñātvā prāpya mokṣyase 'śubhāt saṃsāra-bandhanāt ||BhGS_9.1||
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tac ca -
rāja-vidyā rāja-guhyaṃ pavitram idam uttamam |
pratyakṣāvagamaṃ dharmyaṃ susukhaṃ kartum avyayam ||BhG_9.2||
rāja-vidyā vidyānāṃ rājā, dīpty-atiśayavattvāt | dīpyate hīyam atiśayena brahma-vidyā sarva-vidyānām | tathā rāja-guhyaṃ guhyānāṃ rājā | pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ idam uttamaṃ sarveṣāṃ pāvanānāṃ śuddhi-kāraṇaṃ brahma-jñānam utkṛṣṭatamam | aneka-janma-sahasra-saṃcitam api dharmādharmādi sa-mūlaṃ karma kṣaṇa-mātrād eva bhasmīkarotīty ataḥ kiṃ tasya pāvanatvaṃ vaktavyam ? kiṃ ca - pratyakṣāvagamaṃ pratyakṣeṇa sukhāder ivāvagamo yasya tat pratyakṣāvagamam | aneka-guṇavato 'pi dharma-viruddhatvaṃ dṛṣṭam, na tathātma-jñānaṃ dharma-virodhi, kiṃtu dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetam | evam api, syād duḥkha-saṃpādyam ity ata āha - susukhaṃ kartum, yathā ratna-viveka-vijñānam | tatrālpāyāsānām anyeṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ sukha-saṃpādyānām alpa-phalatvaṃ duṣkarāṇāṃ ca mahā-phalatvaṃ dṛṣṭam iti, idaṃ tu sukha-saṃpādyatvāt phala-kṣayāt vyetīti prāpte, āha - avyayam iti | nāsya phalataḥ karmavat vyayo 'stīty avyayam | ataḥ śraddheyam ātma-jñānam ||BhGS_9.2||
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ye punaḥ -
aśraddadhānāḥ puruṣā dharmasyāsya paraṃtapa |
aprāpya māṃ nivartante mṛtyu-saṃsāra-vartmani ||BhG_9.3||
aśraddadhānāḥ śraddhā-virahitā ātma-jñānasya dharmasyāsya svarūpe tat-phale ca nāstikāḥ pāpa-kāriṇaḥ, asurāṇām upaniṣadaṃ deha-mātrātma-darśanam eva pratipannāḥ | asutṛpaḥ pāpāḥ puruṣā aśraddadhānāḥ | paraṃtapa ! aprāpya māṃ parameśvaram, mat-prāptau naivāśaṅketi mat-prāpti-mārga-bheda-bhakti-mātram apy aprāpya ity arthaḥ | nivartante niścayena vartante | kva ? - mṛtyu-saṃsāra-vartmani mṛtyu-yuktaḥ saṃsāro mṛtyu-saṃsāras, tasya vartma naraka-tiryag-ādi-prāpti-mārgaḥ, tasminn eva vartanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.3||
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stutyārjunam abhimukhīkṛtyāha -
mayā tatam idaṃ sarvaṃ jagad avyakta-mūrtinā |
mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtāni na cāhaṃ teṣv avasthitaḥ ||BhG_9.4||
mayā mama yaḥ paro bhāvas tena tataṃ vyāptaṃ sarvam idaṃ jagad avyakta-mūrtinā | na vyaktā mūrtiḥ svarūpaṃ yasya mama so 'ham avyakta-mūrtis tena mayāvyakta-mūrtinā, karaṇāgocara-svarūpeṇety arthaḥ | tasmin mayy avyakta-mūrtau sthitāni mat-sthāni, sarva-bhūtāni brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni | na hi nirātmakaṃ kiṃcit bhūtaṃ vyavahārāyāvakalpate | ato mat-sthāni mayātmanā ātmavattvena sthitāni | ato mayi sthitānīty ucyante | teṣāṃ bhūtānām aham evātmā ity atas teṣu sthita iti mūḍha-buddhīnām avabhāsate | ato bravīmi - na cāhaṃ teṣu bhūteṣv avasthitaḥ | mūrtavat saṃśleṣābhāvena ākāśasyāpy antaratamo hy aham | na hy asaṃsargi vastu kvacit ādheya-bhāvenāvasthitaṃ bhavati ||BhGS_9.4||
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ata evāsaṃsargitvān mama -
na ca mat-sthāni bhūtāni paśya me yogam aiśvaram |
bhūta-bhṛn na ca bhūta-stho mamātmā bhūta-bhāvanaḥ ||BhG_9.5||
na ca mat-sthāni bhūtāni brahmādīni | paśya me yogaṃ yuktiṃ ghaṭānaṃ me mama aiśvaram īśvarasyemam aiśvaram, yogam ātmano yāthātmyam ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutir asaṃsargitvād asaṅgatāṃ darśayati - asaṅgo na hi sajjate [BAU 3.9.26] iti | idaṃ cāścaryam anyat paśya - bhūta-bhṛd asaṅgo 'pi san bhūtāni bibharti | na ca bhūta-sthaḥ | yathoktena nyāyena darśitatvāt bhūta-sthatvānupapatteḥ | kathaṃ punar ucyate 'sau mamātmeti ? vibhajya dehādi-saṅghātaṃ tasminn ahaṃkāram adhyāropya loka-buddhim anusaran vyapadiśati mamātmeti, na punar ātmana ātmānya iti lokavad ajānan | tathā bhūta-bhāvano bhūtāni bhāvayaty utpādayati vardhayatīti vā bhūta-bhāvanaḥ ||BhGS_9.5||
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yathoktena śloka-dvayenoktam arthaṃ dṛṣṭantenopapādayann āha -
yathākāśa-sthito nityaṃ vāyuḥ sarvatra-go mahān |
tathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni mat-sthānīty upadhāraya ||BhG_9.6||
yathā loke ākāśa-sthita ākāśe sthito nityaṃ sadā vāyuḥ sarvatra gacchatīti sarvatra-go mahān parimāṇataḥ, tathā ākāśavat sarva-gate mayy asaṃśleṣeṇaiva sthitānīty evam upadhāraya vijānīhi ||BhGS_9.6||
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evaṃ vāyur ākāśe iva mayi sthitāni sarva-bhūtāni sthiti-kāle | tāni -
sarva-bhūtāni kaunteya prakṛtiṃ yānti māmikām |
kalpa-kṣaye punas tāni kalpādau visṛjāmy aham ||BhG_9.7||
sarva-bhūtāni kaunteya prakṛtiṃ triguṇātmikām aparāṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ yānti māmikāṃ madīyāṃ kalpa-kṣaye pralaya-kāle | punar bhūyas tāni bhūtāni utpatti-kāle kalpādau visṛjāmi utpādayāmy ahaṃ pūrvavat ||BhGS_9.7||
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evam avidyā-lakṣaṇām -
prakṛtiṃ svām avaṣṭabhya visṛjāmi punaḥ punaḥ |
bhūta-grāmam imaṃ kṛtsnam avaśaṃ prakṛter vaśāt ||BhG_9.8||
prakṛtiṃ svāṃ svīyām avaṣṭabhya vaśīkṛtya visṛjāmi punaḥ punaḥ prakṛtito jātaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ bhūta-samudāyam imaṃ vartamānaṃ kṛtsnam avaśam asvatantram | avidyādi-doṣaiḥ paravaśīkṛtam | prakṛter vaśāt svabhāva-vaśāt ||BhGS_9.8||
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tarhi tasya te parameśvarasya bhūta-grāmam imaṃ viṣamaṃ vidadhataḥ, tan-nimittābhyāṃ dharmādharmābhyāṃ saṃbandhaḥ syād itīdam āha bhagavān -
na ca māṃ tāni karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanaṃjaya |
udāsīnavad āsīnam asaktaṃ teṣu karmasu ||BhG_9.9||
na ca mām īśvaraṃ tāni bhūta-grāmasya viṣama-sarga-nimittāni karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanaṃjaya | tatra karmaṇām asaṃbandhitve kāraṇam āha - udāsīnavat āsīnaṃ yathā udīsīna upekṣakaḥ kaścit tadvad āsīnam ātmano 'vikriyatvāt | asaktaṃ phalāsaṅga-rahitam, abhimāna-varjitam, ahaṃ karomīti teṣu karmasu | ato 'nyasyāpi kartṛtvābhimānābhāvaḥ phalāsaṅgābhāvaś cāsaṃbandha-kāraṇam, anyathā karmabhir badhyate mūḍhaḥ kośa-kāravad ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_9.9||
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tatra bhūta-grāmam imaṃ visṛjāmy udāsīnavad āsīnam iti ca viruddham ucyate, iti tat-parihārārtham āha -
mayādhyakṣeṇa prakṛtiḥ sūyate sa-carācaram |
hetunānena kaunteya jagad viparivartate ||BhG_9.10||
mayādhyakṣeṇa sarvato dṛśi-mātra-svarupeṇāvikriyātmanādhyakṣeṇa mayā, mama māyā triguṇātmikāvidyā-lakṣaṇā prakṛtiḥ sūyate utpādayati sa-carācaraṃ jagat | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ -
eko devaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarva-vyāpī sarva-bhūtāntarātmā | karmādhyakṣaḥ sarva-bhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaś ca || [ŚvetU 6.11] iti |
hetunā nimittenānenādhyakṣatvena kaunteya jagat sa-carācaraṃ vyaktāvyaktātmakaṃ viparivartate sarvāvasthāsu | dṛśi-karmatvāpatti-nimittā hi jagataḥ sarvā pravṛttiḥ - aham idaṃ bhokṣye, paśyāmīdam, śṛṇomīdam, sukham anubhavāmi, duḥkham anubhavāmi, tad-artham idaṃ kariṣye, idaṃ jñāsyāmi, ity ādyāvagati-niṣṭhāvagaty-avasānaiva | yo asyādhyakṣaḥ parame vyoman [Ṛk 8.7.17.7, TaittB 2.8.9] ity ādayaś ca mantrā etam arthaṃ darśayanti | tataś caikasya devasya sarvādhyakṣa-bhūta-caitanya-mātrasya paramārthataḥ sarva-bhogānabhisaṃbandhino 'nyasya cetanāntarasyābhāve bhoktur anyasyābhāvāt | kiṃ-nimitteyaṃ sṛṣṭir ity atra praśna-prativacane 'nupapanne, ko addhā veda ka iha pravocat | kuta ājātā kuta iyaṃ visṛṣṭiḥ [Ṛk 8.7.17.8] ity ādi-mantra-varṇebhyaḥ | darśitaṃ ca bhagavatā - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ [Gītā 5.15] iti ||BhGS_9.10||
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evaṃ māṃ nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvaṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-jantūnām ātmānam api santam -
avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam |
paraṃ bhāvam ajānanto mama bhūta-maheśvaram ||BhG_9.11||
avajānanty avajñāṃ paribhavaṃ kurvanti māṃ mūḍhā avivekinaḥ | mānuṣīṃ manuṣyasaṃbandhinīṃ tanuṃ deham āśritam, manuṣyadehena vyavaharantamity etat, paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ bhāvaṃ param ātma-tattvam ākāśa-kalpam ākāśād apy antaratamam ajānanto mama bhūta-maheśvaraṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ svātmānam | tataś ca tasya mamāvajñāna-bhāvanena āhatās te varākāḥ ||BhGS_9.11||
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katham ? -
moghāśā mogha-karmāṇo mogha-jñānā vicetasaḥ |
rākṣasīm āsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritāḥ ||BhG_9.12||
moghāśā vṛthā āśā āśiṣo yeṣāṃ te moghāśāḥ | tathā mogha-karmāṇo yāni cāgnihotrādīni tair anuṣṭhīyamānāni karmāṇi tāni ca, teṣāṃ bhagavat-paribhavāt, svātma-bhūtasyāvajñānāt moghāny eva niṣphalāni karmāṇi bhavantīti mogha-karmāṇaḥ | tathā mogha-jñānā moghaṃ niṣphalaṃ jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te mogha-jñānāḥ, jñānam api teṣāṃ niṣphalam eva syāt | vicetaso vigata-vivekāś ca te bhavantīty abhiprāyaḥ | kiṃ ca - te bhavanti rākṣasīṃ rakṣasāṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ ca prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ moha-karīṃ dehātma-vādinīṃ śritāḥ āśritāḥ, | chindhi, bhindhi, piba, khāda, parasvam apahara, ity evaṃ vadana-śīlāḥ krūra-karmāṇo bhavantīty arthaḥ | asuryā nāma te lokāḥ [ĪśaU 3] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_9.12||
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ye punaḥ śraddadhānā bhagavad-bhakti-lakṣaṇe mokṣa-mārge pravṛttāḥ -
mahātmānas tu māṃ pārtha daivīṃ prakṛtim āśritāḥ |
bhajanty ananya-manaso jñātvā bhūtādim avyayam ||BhG_9.13||
mahātamānas tv akṣudra-cittāḥ mām īśvaraṃ pārtha daivīṃ devānāṃ prakṛtiṃ śama-dama-dayā-śraddhādi-lakṣaṇām āśritāḥ santo bhajanti sevante 'nanya-manaso 'nanya-cittā jñātvā bhūtādiṃ bhūtānāṃ viyad-ādīnāṃ prāṇināṃ cādiṃ kāraṇam avyayam ||BhGS_9.13||
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katham ? -
satataṃ kīrtayanto māṃ yatantaś ca dṛḍha-vratāḥ |
namasyantaś ca māṃ bhaktyā nitya-yuktā upāsate ||BhG_9.14||
satataṃ sarvadā bhagavantaṃ brahma-svarūpaṃ māṃ kīrtayantaḥ, yatantaś ca indriyopasaṃhāra-śama-dama-dayāhiṃsādi-lakṣaṇair dharmaiḥ prayatantaś ca, dṛḍha-vratā dṛḍhaṃ sthiram acālyaṃ vrataṃ yeṣāṃ te dṛḍha-vratā namasyantaś ca māṃ hṛdayeśayam ātmānaṃ bhaktyā nitya-yuktāḥ santa upāsate sevante ||BhGS_9.14||
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te kena kena prakāreṇa upāsate ity ucyate -
jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye yajanto mām upāsate |
ekatvena pṛthaktvena bahudhā viśvato-mukham ||BhG_9.15||
jñāna-yajñena jñānam eva bhagavad-viṣayaṃ yajñas tena jñāna-yajñena, yajantaḥ pūjayantaḥ mām īśvaraṃ cāpy anye 'nyām upāsanāṃ parityajyopāsate | tac ca jñānam - ekatvenaikam eva paraṃ brahmeti paramārtha-darśanena yajanta upāsate | kecic ca pṛthaktvena āditya-candrādi-bhedena sa eva bhagavān viṣṇur avasthita ity upāsate | kecit bahudhāvasthitaḥ sa eva bhagavān sarvato-mukho viśva-rūpa iti taṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvato-mukhaṃ bahudhā bahu-prakāreṇopāsate ||BhGS_9.15||
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yadi bahubhiḥ prakārair upāsate, kathaṃ tvām eva upāsata iti | ata āha -
ahaṃ kratur ahaṃ yajñaḥ svadhāham aham auṣadham |
mantro 'ham aham evājyam aham agnir ahaṃ hutam ||BhG_9.16||
ahaṃ kratuḥ śrauta-karma-bhedo 'ham eva | ahaṃ yajñaḥ smārtaḥ | kiṃ ca svadhānnam aham, pitṛbhyo yad dīyate | aham auṣadhaṃ sarva-prāṇibhir yat adyate tat auṣadha-śabda-śabditaṃ vrīhi-yavādi-sādhāraṇam | athavā svadheti sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇam annam, auṣadham iti vyādhy-upaśamanārthaṃ bheṣajam | mantro 'ham, yena pitṛbhyo devatābhyaś ca havir dīyate | aham eva ājyaṃ haviś ca | aham agniḥ, yasmin hūte haviḥ so 'gnir aham | ahaṃ hutaṃ havana-karmaś ca ||BhGS_9.16||
============================== kiṃ ca -
pitāham asya jagato mātā dhātā pitāmahaḥ |
vedyaṃ pavitram oṃkāra ṛk sāma yajur eva ca ||BhG_9.17||
pitā janayitāham asya jagataḥ, mātā janayitrī, dhātā karma-phalasya prāṇibhyo vidhātā, pitāmahaḥ pituḥ pitā, vedyaṃ veditavyam, pavitraṃ pāvanam oṃkāraḥ, ṛk sāma yajue eva ca ||BhGS_9.17||
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kiṃ ca -
gatir bhartā prabhuḥ sākṣī nivāsaḥ śaraṇaṃ suhṛt |
prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṃ nidhānaṃ bījam avyayam ||BhG_9.18||
gatiḥ karma-phalam, bhartā poṣṭā, prabhuḥ svāmī, sākṣī prāṇināṃ kṛtākṛtasya, nivāso yasmin prāṇino nivasanti, śaraṇam ārtānām, prapannānām ārti-haraḥ | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sann upakārī, prabhava utpattir jagataḥ, pralayaḥ pralīyate 'smin iti, tathā sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty asminn iti, nidhānaṃ nikṣepaḥ kālāntaropabhogyaṃ prāṇinām, bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ praroha-dharmiṇām, avyayaṃ yāvat-saṃsāra-bhāvitvāt avyayam, na hy abījaṃ kiṃcit prarohati | nityaṃ ca praroha-darśanād bīja-saṃtatir na vyetīti gamyate ||BhGS_9.18||
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kiṃ ca -
tapāmy aham ahaṃ varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmy utsṛjāmi ca |
amṛtaṃ caiva mṛtyuś ca sad asac cāham arjuna ||BhG_9.19||
tapāmy aham ādityo bhūtvā kaiścit raśmibhir ulbaṇaiḥ | ahaṃ varṣaṃ kaiścid raśmibhir utsṛjāmi | utsṛjya punar nigṛhṇāmi kaiścid raśmibhir aṣṭabhir māsaiḥ punar utsṛjāmi prāvṛṣi | amṛtaṃ caiva devānām, mṛtyuś ca martyānām | sad yasya yat saṃbandhitayā vidyamānaṃ tat, tad-viparītam asac caivāham arjuna | na punar atyantam evāsad bhagavān, svayaṃ kārya-kāraṇe vā sad-asatī ||BhGS_9.19||
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ye pūrvoktair nivṛtti-prakārair ekatva-pṛthaktvādi-vijñānair yajñair māṃ pūjayanta upāsate jñāna-vidaḥ, te yathā-vijñānaṃ mām eva prāpnuvanti | ye punar ajñāḥ kāma-kāmāḥ -
traividyā māṃ somapāḥ pūta-pāpā
yajñair iṣṭvā svar-gatiṃ prārthayante |
te puṇyam āsādya surendra-lokam
aśnanti divyān divi deva-bhogān ||BhG_9.20||
traividyā ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-vido māṃ vasv-ādi-deva-rūpiṇaṃ somapāḥ somaṃ pibantīti somapāḥ, tenaiva soma-pānena pūta-pāpāḥ śuddha-kilbiṣāḥ, yajñair agniṣṭomādibhir iṣṭvā pūjayitvā svar-gatiṃ svarga-gamanaṃ svar eva gatiḥ svar-gatis tām, prārthayante | te ca puṇyaṃ puṇya-phalam āsādya saṃprāpya surendra-lokaṃ śatakratoḥ sthānam aśnanti bhuñjate divyān divi bhavān aprākṛtān deva-bhogān devānāṃ bhogān ||BhGS_9.20||
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te taṃ bhuktvā svarga-lokaṃ viśālaṃ
kṣīṇe puṇye martya-lokaṃ viśanti |
evaṃ trayī-dharmam anuprapannā
gatāgataṃ kāma-kāmā labhante ||BhG_9.21||
te taṃ bhuktvā svarga-lokaṃ viśālaṃ vistīrṇaṃ kṣīṇe puṇye martya-lokaṃ viśanti āviśanti | evaṃ yathoktena prakāreṇa trayī-dharmaṃ kevalaṃ vaidikaṃ karmānuprapannā gatāgataṃ gataṃ cāgataṃ ca gatāgataṃ gamanāgamanaṃ kāma-kāmāḥ kāmān kāmayanta iti kāma-kāmā labhante gatāgatam eva, na tu svātantryaṃ kvacil labhanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.21||
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ye punar niṣkāmāḥ samyag-darśinaḥ -
ananyāś cintayanto māṃ ye janāḥ paryupāsate |
teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahāmy aham ||BhG_9.22||
ananyā apṛthag-bhūtāḥ paraṃ devaṃ nārāyaṇam ātmatvena gatāḥ santaś cintayanto māṃ ye janāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ paryupāsate, teṣāṃ paramārtha-darśināṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ satatābhiyogināṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ yogo 'prāptasya prāpaṇaṃ kṣemas tad-rakṣaṇaṃ tad-ubhayaṃ vahāmi prāpayāmy aham | jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam [Gītā 7.18] sa ca mama priyaḥ [Gītā 7.17] yasmād tasmāt te mamātma-bhūtāḥ priyāś ceti |
nanv anyeṣām api bhaktānāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahaty eva bhagavān | satyaṃ vahaty eva | kiṃtv ayaṃ viśeṣaḥ - anye ye bhaktās te ātmārthaṃ svayam api yoga-kṣemam īhante | ananya-darśinas tu nātmārthaṃ yoga-kṣemam īhante | na hi te jīvite maraṇe vātmano gṛddhiṃ kurvanti | kevalam eva bhagavac-charaṇās te | ato bhagavān eva teṣāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahatīti ||BhGS_9.22||
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nanv anyāpi devatās tvam eva cet tad-bhaktāś ca tvām eva yajante | satyam evam -
ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ |
te 'pi mām eva kaunteya yajanty avidhi-pūrvakam ||BhG_9.23||
ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā anyāsu devatāsu bhaktā anya-devatā-bhaktāḥ santo yajante pūjayanti śraddhayā āstikya-buddhyānvitā anugatāḥ, te 'pi mām eva kaunteya yajanty avidhi-pūrvakam avidhir ajñānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ yajanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.23||
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kasmāt te 'vidhi-pūrvakaṃ yajanta ity ucyate | yasmāt -
ahaṃ hi sarva-yajñānāṃ bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca |
na tu mām abhijānanti tattvenātaś cyavanti te ||BhG_9.24||
ahaṃ hi sarva-yajñānāṃ śrautānāṃ smārtānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ devatātmatvena bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca | mat-svāmiko hi yajñaḥ, adhiyajño 'ham evātra [Gītā 8.4] iti hy uktam | tathā na tu mām abhijānanti tattvena yathāvat | ataś cāvidhi-pūrvakam iṣṭvā yāga-phalāc cyavanti pracyavante te ||BhGS_9.24||
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ye 'py anya-devatā-bhakti-mattvenāvidhi-pūrvakaṃ yajante, teṣām api yāga-phalam avaśyaṃbhāvi | katham ? -
yānti deva-vratā devān pitṝn yānti pitṛ-vratāḥ |
bhūtāni yānti bhūtejyā yānti mad-yājino 'pi mām ||BhG_9.25||
yānti gacchanti deva-vratā deveṣu vrataṃ niyamo bhaktiś ca yeṣāṃ te deva-vratā devān yānti | pitṝn agniṣv āttādīn yānti pitṛ-vratāḥ śrāddhādi-kriyā-parāḥ pitṛ-bhaktāḥ | bhūtāni vināyaka-mātṛ-gaṇa-catur-bhaginyādīni yānti bhūtejyā bhūtānāṃ pūjakāḥ | yānti mad-yājino mad-yajana-śīlā vaiṣṇavā mām eva yānti | samāne 'py āyāse mām eva na bhajante 'jñānāt, tena te 'lpa-phala-bhājo bhavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.25||
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na kevalaṃ mad-bhaktānām anāvṛtti-lakṣaṇam ananta-phalam, sukhārādhanaś cāham | katham ? -
patraṃ puṣpaṃ phalaṃ toyaṃ yo me bhaktyā prayacchati |
tad ahaṃ bhakty-upahṛtam aśnāmi prayatātmanaḥ ||BhG_9.26||
patraṃ puṣpaṃ phalaṃ toyam udakaṃ yaḥ me mahyaṃ bhaktyā prayacchati, tat ahaṃ patrādi bhaktyā upahṛtaṃ bhakti-pūrvakaṃ prāpitaṃ bhakty-upahṛtam aśnāmi gṛhṇāmi prayatātmanaḥ śuddha-buddheḥ ||BhGS_9.26||
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yataḥ evam, ataḥ -
yat karoṣi yad aśnāsi yaj juhoṣi dadāsi yat |
yat tapasyasi kaunteya tat kuruṣva mad-arpaṇam ||BhG_9.27||
yat karoṣi svataḥ prāptam, yad aśnāsi, yac ca juhoṣi havanaṃ nirvartayasi śrautaṃ smārtaṃ vā, yad dadāsi prayacchasi brāhmaṇādibhyo hiraṇyānnājyādi, yat tapasyasi tapaś carasi kaunteya, tat kuruṣva mad-arpaṇaṃ mat-samarpaṇam ||BhGS_9.27||
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evaṃ kurvatas tava yat bhavati, tat sṛṇu -
śubhāśubha-phalair evaṃ mokṣyase karma-bandhanaiḥ |
saṃnyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā vimukto mām upaiṣyasi ||BhG_9.28||
śubhāśubha-phalaiḥ śubhāśubhe iṣṭāniṣṭe phale yeṣāṃ tāni śubhāśubha-phalāni karmāṇi taiḥ śubhāśubha-phalaiḥ karma-bandhanaiḥ karmāṇy eva bandhanāni karma-bandhanāni taiḥ karma-bandhanair evaṃ mad-arpaṇaṃ kurvan mokṣyase | so 'yaṃ saṃnyāsa-yogo nāma, saṃnyāsaś cāsau mat-samarpaṇatayā karmatvād yogaś cāsāv iti, tena saṃnyāsa-yogena yukta ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya tava sa tvaṃ saṃnyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā san vimuktaḥ karma-bandhanair jīvann eva patite cāsmin śarīre mām upaiṣyasi āgamiṣyasi ||BhGS_9.28||
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rāga-dveṣavāṃs tarhi bhagavān, yato bhaktān anugṛhṇāti, netarān iti tan na -
samo 'haṃ sarva-bhūteṣu na me dveṣyo 'sti na priyaḥ |
ye bhajanti tu māṃ bhaktyā mayi te teṣu cāpy aham ||BhG_9.29||
samas tulyo 'haṃ sarva-bhūteṣu | na me dveṣyo 'sti na priyaḥ | agnivad aham - dūra-sthānāṃ yathāgniḥ śītaṃ nāpanayati, samīpam upasarpatām apanayati | tathāhaṃ bhaktān anugṛhṇāmi, netarān | ye bhajanti tu mām īśvaraṃ bhaktyā mayi te - svabhāvata eva, na mama rāga-nimittam - vartante | teṣu cāpy ahaṃ svabhāvata eva varte, netareṣu | naitāvatā teṣu dveṣo mam ||BhGS_9.29||
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sṛṇu mad-bhakter māhātmyam -
api cet sudurācāro bhajate mām ananya-bhāk |
sādhur eva sa mantavyaḥ samyag vyavasito hi saḥ ||BhG_9.30||
api cet yady api sudurācāraḥ suṣṭhu durācāro 'tīva kutsitācāro 'pi bhajate mām ananya-bhāk ananya-bhaktiḥ san, sādhur eva samyag-vṛtta eva sa mantavyo jñātavyaḥ | samyag yathāvad vyavasito hi saḥ, yasmāt sādhu-niścayaḥ saḥ ||BhGS_9.30||
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utsṛjyaś ca bāhyāṃ durācāratām antaḥ samyag-vyavasāya-sāmarthyāt -
kṣipraṃ bhavati dharmātmā śaśvac-chāntiṃ nigacchati |
kaunteya pratijānīhi na me bhaktaḥ praṇaśyati ||BhG_9.31||
kṣipraṃ śīghraṃ bhavati dharmātmā dharma-citta eva | śaśvan nityaṃ śāntiṃ copaśamaṃ nigacchati prāpnoti | sṛṇu paramārtham, kaunteya pratijānīhi niścitāṃ pratijñāṃ kuru, na me mama bhakto mayi samarpitāntarātmā mad-bhakto na praṇaśyatīti ||BhGS_9.31||
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kiṃ ca -
māṃ hi pārtha vyapāśritya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ |
striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti parāṃ gatim ||BhG_9.32||
māṃ hi yasmāt pārtha vyapāśritya mām āśrayatvena gṛhītvā ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpā yonir yeṣāṃ te pāpa-yonayaḥ syur bhaveyuḥ | pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpā yonir yeṣāṃ te pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpa-janmānaḥ | ke te ? ity āha -striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti gacchanti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatim ||BhGS_9.32||
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kiṃ punar brāhmaṇāḥ puṇyā bhaktā rājarṣayas tathā |
anityam asukhaṃ lokam imaṃ prāpya bhajasva mām ||BhG_9.33||
kiṃ punar brāhmaṇāḥ puṇyāḥ puṇya-yonayo bhaktā rājarṣayas tathā rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ceti rājarṣayaḥ | yata evam, ato 'nityaṃ kṣaṇa-bhaṅguram asukhaṃ ca sukha-varjitam imaṃ lokaṃ manuṣya-lokaṃ prāpya puruṣārtha-sādhanaṃ durlabhaṃ manuṣyatvaṃ labdhvā bhajasva sevasva mām ||BhGS_9.33||
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katham ? -
man-manā bhava mad-bhakto mad-yājī māṃ namaskuru |
mām evaiṣyasi yuktvaivam ātmānaṃ mat-parāyaṇaḥ ||BhG_9.34||
mayi vāsudeve mano yasya tava sa tvaṃ man-manā bhava | tathā mad-bhakto bhava | mad-yājī mad-yajana-śīlo bhava | mām eva ca namaskuru | mām eveśvarasyāgamiṣyasi yuktvā samādhāya cittam | evam ātmānaṃ māṃ ahaṃ hi sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātmā parā ca gatiḥ param ayanaṃ taṃ mām evambhūtam eṣyastīty atītena padena sambandhaḥ | mat-parāyaṇaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.34||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||9||
BhG 10
atha vibhūti-yogo nāma daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(bhagavat-pāda-śrīmac-chaṅkarācārya-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
saptame 'dhyāye bhagavatas tattvaṃ vibhūtayaś ca prakāśitāḥ, navame ca | athedānīṃ yeṣu yeṣu bhāveṣu cintyo bhagavāṃs te te bhāvā vaktavyāḥ | tattvaṃ ca bhagavato vaktavyam uktam api, durvijñeyatvāt, ity ataḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
bhūya eva mahā-bāho śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ |
yat te 'haṃ prīyamāṇāya vakṣyāmi hita-kāmyayā ||BhG_10.1||
bhūya eva bhūyaḥ punar he mahābāho sṛṇu me madīyaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ niratiśaya-vastunaḥ prakāśakaṃ vaco vākyaṃ yat paramaṃ te tubhyaṃ prīyamāṇāya - mad-vacanāt prīyase tvam atīvāmṛtam iva piban, tataḥ - vakṣyāmi hita-kāmyayā hitecchayā ||BhGS_10.1||
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kim-artham ahaṃ vakṣyāmīty ata āha -
na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ |
aham ādir hi devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ ||BhG_10.2||
na me vidur na jānanti sura-gaṇā brahmādayaḥ | kiṃ te na viduḥ ? mama prabhavaṃ prabhāvaṃ prabhu-śakty-atiśayam, athavā prabhavaṃ prabhavanam utpattim | nāpi maharṣayo bhṛgv-ādayo viduḥ | kasmāt te na vidur ity ucyate - aham ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ hi yasmād devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_10.2||
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kiṃ ca -
yo mām ajam anādiṃ ca vetti loka-maheśvaram |
asaṃmūḍhaḥ sa martyeṣu sarva-pāpaiḥ pramucyate ||BhG_10.3||
yaḥ mām ajam anādiṃ ca, yasmāt aham ādir devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca, na mamānyaḥ ādiḥ vidyate | ato 'ham ajo 'nādi ca | anāditvam ajatve hetuḥ, taṃ mām ajam anādiṃ ca yo vetti vijānāti lokamaheśvaraṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ turīyam ajñānatatkāryavarjitam asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmohavarjitaḥ saḥ matryeṣu manuṣyeṣu, sarvapāpaiḥ sarveḥ pāpair mati-pūrvāmatipūrva-kṛtaiḥ pramucyate pramokṣyate ||BhGS_10.3||
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itaś cāhaṃ maheśvaro lokānām -
buddhir jñānam asaṃmohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ |
sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavo 'bhāvo bhayaṃ cābhayam eva ca ||BhG_10.4||
buddhir antaḥ-karaṇasya sūkṣmādy-arthāvabodhana-sāmarthyam, tadvantaṃ buddhimān iti hi vadanti | jñānam ātmādi-padārthānām avabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu boddhavyeṣu viveka-pūrvikā pravṛttiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāvikṛta-cittatā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭasya yathā-śrutasya cātmānubhavasya para-buddhi-saṃkrāntaye tathaivoucāryamāṇā vāk satyam ucyate | damo bāhyendriyopaśamaḥ | śamo 'ntaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaḥ | sukham āhlādaḥ | duḥkhaṃ santāpaḥ | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparyayaḥ | bhayaṃ ca trāsaḥ, abhayam eva ca tad-viparītam ||BhGS_10.4||
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ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭis tapo dānaṃ yaśo 'yaśaḥ |
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthag-vidhāḥ ||BhG_10.5||
ahiṃsāpīḍā prāṇinām | samatā sama-cittatā | tuṣṭiḥ saṃtoṣaḥ paryāpta-buddhir lābheṣu | tapa indriya-saṃyama-pūrvakaṃ śarīra-pīḍānam | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgaḥ | yaśo dharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | bhavanti bhāvā yathoktā buddhy-ādayo bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ matta eveśvarāt pṛthag-vidhāḥ nānā-vidhāḥ sva-karmānurūpeṇa ||BhGS_10.5||
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kiṃ ca -
maharṣayaḥ sapta pūrve catvāro manavas tathā |
mad-bhāvā mānasā jātā yeṣāṃ loka imāḥ prajāḥ ||BhG_10.6||
maharṣayaḥ sapta bhṛgv-ādayaḥ pūrve 'tīta-kāla-saṃbandhinaḥ, catvāro manavas tathā sāvarṇā iti prasiddhāḥ | te ca mad-bhāvā mad-gata-bhāvanā vaiṣṇavena sāmarthyena upetāḥ | mānasā manasaivotpāditā mayā jātā utpannāḥ | yeṣāṃ manūnāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sṛṣṭir loka imāḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇāḥ prajāḥ ||BhGS_10.6||
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etāṃ vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca mama yo vetti tattvataḥ |
so 'vikampena yogena yujyate nātra saṃśayaḥ ||BhG_10.7||
etāṃ yathoktāṃ vibhūtiṃ vistāraṃ yogaṃ ca yuktiṃ cātmano ghaṭanam, athavā yogaiśvarya-sāmarthyaṃ sarva-jñatvaṃ yoga-jaṃ yoga ucyate, mama madīyaṃ yogaṃ yo vetti tattvatas tattvena yathāvad ity etat, so 'vikampenāpracalitena yogena samyag darśana-sthairya-lakṣaṇena yujyate saṃbadhyate | nātra saṃśayo nāsminn arthe saṃśayo 'sti ||BhGS_10.7||
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kīdṛśenāvikampena yogena yujyate ? ity ucyate -
ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate |
iti matvā bhajante māṃ budhā bhāva-samanvitāḥ ||BhG_10.8||
ahaṃ paraṃ brahma vāsudevākhyaṃ sarvasya jagataḥ prabhava utpattiḥ | matta eva sthiti-nāśa-kriyā-phalopabhoga-lakṣaṇaṃ vikriyā-rūpaṃ sarvaṃ jagat pravartate | ity evaṃ matvā bhajante sevante māṃ budhā avagata-paramārtha-tattvāḥ | bhāva-samanvitā bhāvo bhāvanā paramārtha-tattvābhiniveśas tena samanvitāḥ saṃyuktāḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.8||
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kiṃ ca -
mac-cittā mad-gata-prāṇā bodhayantaḥ parasparam |
kathayantaś ca māṃ nityaṃ tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca ||BhG_10.9||
mac-cittāḥ, mayi cittaṃ yeṣāṃ te mac-cittāḥ | mad-gata-prāṇāḥ māṃ gatāḥ prāptāś cakṣur-ādayaḥ prāṇā yeṣāṃ te mad-gata-prāṇāḥ | mayy upasaṃhṛta-karaṇāḥ ity arthaḥ | athavā, mad-gata-prāṇāḥ mad-gata-jīvanā ity etat | bodhayanto 'vagamayantaḥ parasparam anyonyam, kathayantaś ca jñāna-bala-vīryādi-dharmair viśiṣṭaṃ mām | tuṣyanti ca paritoṣam upayānti ca ramanti ca ratiṃ ca prāpnuvanti priya-saṃgatyeva ||BhGS_10.9||
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ye yathoktaiḥ prakārair bhajante māṃ bhaktāḥ santaḥ -
teṣāṃ satata-yuktānāṃ bhajatāṃ prīti-pūrvakam |
dadāmi buddhi-yogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te ||BhG_10.10||
teṣāṃ satata-yuktānāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ nivṛtta-sarva-bāhyaiṣaṇānāṃ bhajatāṃ sevamānānām | kim arthitvādinā kāraṇena ? nety āha - -prīti-pūrvakaṃ prītiḥ snehas tat-pūrvakaṃ māṃ bhajatām ity arthaḥ | dadāmi prayacchāmi buddhi-yogaṃ buddhiḥ samyag darśanaṃ mat-tattva-viṣayaṃ tena yogo buddhi-yogas taṃ buddhi-yogam, yena buddhi-yogena samyag darśana-lakṣaṇena māṃ parameśvaram ātma-bhūtam ātmatvena upayānti pratipadyante | ke ? te ye mac-cittatvādi-prakārair māṃ bhajante ||BhGS_10.10||
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kim-artham kasya vā tvat-prāpti-pratibandha-hetor nāśakaṃ buddhi-yogaṃ teṣāṃ tvad-bhaktānāṃ dadāsi ? ity apekṣāyām āha -
teṣām evānukampārtham aham ajñāna-jaṃ tamaḥ |
nāśayāmy ātma-bhāva-stho jñāna-dīpena bhāsvatā ||BhG_10.11||
teṣām eva kathaṃ nu nāma śreyaḥ syāt ity anukampārthaṃ dayā-hetor aham ajñāna-jam avivekato jātaṃ mithyā-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaṃ mohāndhakāraṃ tamo nāśayāmi, ātma-bhāva-stha ātmano bhāvo 'ntaḥ-karaṇāśayas tasminn eva sthitaḥ san jñāna-dīpena viveka-pratyaya-rūpeṇa bhakti-prasāda-snehābhiṣiktena mad-bhāvanābhiniveśa-vāteritena brahmacaryādi-sādhana-saṃskāra-vat-prajñāvartinā viraktāntaḥ-karaṇādhāreṇa viṣaya-vyāvṛtta-citta-rāga-dveṣākaluṣita-nivātāpavaraka-sthena nitya-pravṛttaikāgrya-dhyāna-janita-samyag-darśana-bhāsvatā jñāna-dīpenety arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.11||
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yathoktāṃ bhagavato vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca śrutvārjuna uvāca -
paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma pavitraṃ paramaṃ bhavān |
puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ divyam ādi-devam ajaṃ vibhum ||BhG_10.12||
paraṃ brahma paramātmā paraṃ dhāma paraṃ tejaḥ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ bhavān | puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ nityaṃ divyaṃ divi bhavam ādi-devaṃ sarva-devānām ādau bhavam ādi-devam ajaṃ vibhuṃ vibhavana-śīlam ||BhGS_10.12||
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īdṛśam -
āhus tvām ṛṣayaḥ sarve devarṣir nāradas tathā |
asito devalo vyāsaḥ svayaṃ caiva bravīṣi me ||BhG_10.13||
āhuḥ kathayanti tvām ṛṣayo vasiṣṭhādayaḥ sarve devarṣir nāradas tathā | asito devalo 'pi evam evāha, vyāsaś ca, svayaṃ caiva tvaṃ ca bravīṣi me ||BhGS_10.13||
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sarvam etad ṛtaṃ manye yan māṃ vadasi keśava |
na hi te bhagavan vyaktiṃ vidur devā na dānavāḥ ||BhG_10.14||
sarvam etad yathoktam ṛṣibhis tvayā caitad ṛtaṃ satyam eva manye, yan māṃ prati vadasi bhāṣase he keśava | na hi te tava bhagavan vyaktiṃ prabhavaṃ vidur na devā na dānavāḥ ||BhGS_10.14||
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yatas tvaṃ devādīnām ādiḥ, ataḥ -
svayam evātmanātmānaṃ vettha tvaṃ puruṣottama |
bhūta-bhāvana bhūteśa deva-deva jagatpate ||BhG_10.15||
svayam eva ātmanātmānaṃ vettha jānāsi tvaṃ niratiśaya-jñānaiśvarya-balādi-śaktimantam īśvaraṃ | puruṣottama ! bhūtāni bhāvayatīti bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | he bhūtabhāvana ! bhūteśa ! bhūtānām īśitaḥ ! he deva-deva ! jagat-pate ! ||BhGS_10.15||
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vaktum arhasy aśeṣeṇa divyā hy ātma-vibhūtayaḥ |
yābhir vibhūtibhir lokān imāṃs tvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi ||BhG_10.16||
vaktuṃ kathayitum arhasy aśeṣeṇa | divyā hy ātma-vibhūtayaḥ | ātmano vibhūtayo yās tāḥ vaktum arhasi | yābhir vibhūtibhir ātmano māhātmya-vistarair imān lokān tvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi ||BhGS_10.16||
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kathaṃ vidyām ahaṃ yogiṃs tvāṃ sadā paricintayan |
keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu cintyo 'si bhagavan mayā ||BhG_10.17||
kathaṃ vidyāṃ vijānīyām ahaṃ he yogin tvāṃ sadā paricintayan | keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu vastuṣu cintyo 'si dhyeyo 'si bhagavan mayā ||BhGS_10.17||
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vistareṇātmano yogaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca janārdana |
bhūyaḥ kathaya tṛptir hi śṛṇvato nāsti me 'mṛtam ||BhG_10.18||
vistareṇātmano yogaṃ yogaiśvarya-śakti-viśeṣaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca vistaraṃ dhyeya-padārthānāṃ he janārdana, ardater gati-karmaṇo rūpam, asurāṇāṃ deva-pratipakṣa-bhūtānāṃ janānāṃ narakādi-gamayitṛtvāt janārdano 'bhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-puruṣārtha-prayojanaṃ sarvair janair yācyate iti vā | bhūyaḥ pūrvam uktam api kathaya | tṛptiḥ paritoṣo hi yasmān nāsti me mama śṛṇvatas tvan-mukha-niḥsṛta-vākyāmṛtam ||BhGS_10.18||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi divyā hy ātma-vibhūtayaḥ |
prādhānyataḥ kuru-śreṣṭha nāsty anto vistarasya me ||BhG_10.19||
hanta idānīṃ te tava divyā divi bhavā ātma-vibhūtayo 'tmano mama vibhūtayo yās tāḥ kathayiṣyāmīty etat | prādhānyato yatra yatra pradhānā yā yā vibhūtis tāṃ tāṃ pradhānāṃ prādhānyataḥ kathayiṣyāmy ahaṃ kuru-śreṣṭha ! aśeṣatas tu varṣa-śatenāpi na śakyā vaktum, yato nāsty anto vistarasya me mama vibhūtīnām ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.19||
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tatra prathamam eva tāvat sṛṇu -
aham ātmā guḍākeśa sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitaḥ |
aham ādiś ca madhyaṃ ca bhūtānām anta eva ca ||BhG_10.20||
aham ātmā pratyag-ātmā guḍākeśa, guḍākā nidrā tasyāḥ īśo guḍākeśaḥ, jita-nidra ity arthaḥ | ghana-keśeti vā | sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām āśaye 'ntar-hṛdi sthito 'ham ātmā pratyag-ātmā nityaṃ dhyeyaḥ | tad-aśaktena cottareṣu bhāveṣu cintyo 'ham | yasmād aham eva ādir bhūtānāṃ kāraṇaṃ tathā madhyaṃ ca sthitir antaḥ pralayaś ca ||BhGS_10.20||
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evaṃ ca dhyeyo 'ham -
ādityānām ahaṃ viṣṇur jyotiṣāṃ ravir aṃśumān |
marīcir marutām asmi nakṣatrāṇām ahaṃ śaśī ||BhG_10.21||
ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ viṣṇur nāma ādityo 'ham | jyotiṣāṃ raviḥ prakāśayitṝṇām aṃśumān raśmimān | marīcir nāma marutāṃ marud-devatā-bhedānām asmi | nakṣatrāṇām ahaṃ śaśī candramāḥ ||BhGS_10.21||
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vedānāṃ sāma-vedo 'smi devānām asmi vāsavaḥ |
indriyāṇāṃ manaś cāsmi bhūtānām asmi cetanā ||BhG_10.22||
vedānāṃ madhye sāma-vedo 'smi | devānāṃ rūdrādityādīnāṃ vāsava indro 'smi | indriyāṇām ekādaśānāṃ cakṣur-ādīnāṃ manaś cāsmi saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ manaś cāsmi | bhūtānām asmi cetanā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāte nityābhivyaktā buddhi-vṛttiś cetanā ||BhGS_10.22||
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rudrāṇāṃ śaṃkaraś cāsmi vitteśo yakṣa-rakṣasām |
vasūnāṃ pāvakaścāsmi meruḥ śikhariṇām aham ||BhG_10.23||
rudrāṇām ekādaśānāṃ śaṃkaraś cāsmi | vitteśaḥ kuvero yakṣa-rakṣasāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ rakṣasāṃ ca | vasūnām aṣṭanāṃ pāvakaś cāsmy agniḥ | meruḥ śikhariṇāṃ śikharavatām aham ||BhGS_10.23||
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purodhasāṃ ca mukhyaṃ māṃ viddhi pārtha bṛhaspatim |
senānīnām ahaṃ skandaḥ sarasām asmi sāgaraḥ ||BhG_10.24||
purodhasāṃ ca rāja-purohitānāṃ ca mukhyaṃ pradhānaṃ māṃ viddhi he pārtha bṛhaspatim | sa hīndrasyeti mukhyaḥ syāt purodhāḥ | senānīnāṃ senāpatīnām ahaṃ skando deva-senāpatiḥ | sarasāṃ yāni deva-khātāni sarāṃsi teṣāṃ sarasāṃ sāgaro 'smi bhavāmi ||BhGS_10.24||
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maharṣīṇāṃ bhṛgur ahaṃ girām asmy ekam akṣaram |
yajñānāṃ japa-yajño 'smi sthāvarāṇāṃ himālayaḥ ||BhG_10.25||
maharṣīṇāṃ bhṛgur aham | girāṃ vācāṃ pada-lakṣaṇānām ekam akṣaram oṃkāro 'smi | yajñānāṃ japa-yajño 'smi, sthāvarāṇāṃ sthiti-matāṃ himālayaḥ ||BhGS_10.25||
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aśvatthaḥ sarva-vṛkṣāṇāṃ devarṣīṇāṃ ca nāradaḥ |
gandharvāṇāṃ citrarathaḥ siddhānāṃ kapilo muniḥ ||BhG_10.26||
aśvatthaḥ sarva-vṛkṣāṇām, devarṣīṇāṃ ca nārado devāḥ eva santaḥ ṛṣitvaṃ prāptāḥ mantra-darśitvāt te devarṣayaḥ | teṣāṃ nārado 'smi | gandharvāṇāṃ citraratho nāma gandharvo 'smi | siddhānāṃ janmanaiva dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryātiśayaṃ prāptānāṃ kapilo muniḥ ||BhGS_10.26||
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uccaiḥśravasam aśvānāṃ viddhi mām amṛtodbhavam |
airāvataṃ gajendrāṇāṃ narāṇāṃ ca narādhipam ||BhG_10.27||
ucaiḥśravasam a vānāṃ ucaiḥśravāḥ nāmā varājas taṃ māṃ viddhi vijānīhy amṛtodbhavam amṛta-nimitta-mathanodbhavam | airāvatam irāvatyāḥ apatyaṃ gajendrāṇāṃ hastīśvarāṇām, tam māṃ viddhīty anuvartate | narāṇāṃ ca manuṣyāṇāṃ narādhipaṃ rājānaṃ māṃ viddhi jānīhi ||BhGS_10.27||
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āyudhānām ahaṃ vajraṃ dhenūnām asmi kāma-dhuk |
prajanaś cāsmi kandarpaḥ sarpāṇām asmi vāsukiḥ ||BhG_10.28||
āyudhānām ahaṃ vajraṃ dadhīcy-asthi-saṃbhavam | dhenūnāṃ dogdhrīṇām asmi kāma-dhuk vasiṣṭhasya sarva-kāmānāṃ dogdhrī, sāmānyā vā kāma-dhuk | prajanaḥ prajanayitāsmi kandarpaḥ kāmaḥ | sarpāṇāṃ sarpa-bhedānām asmi vāsukiḥ sarpa-rājaḥ ||BhGS_10.28||
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anantaś cāsmi nāgānāṃ varuṇo yādasām aham |
pitṝṇām aryamā cāsmi yamaḥ saṃyamatām aham ||BhG_10.29||
anantaś cāsmi nāgānāṃ nāga-viśeṣāṇāṃ nāgarājaś cāsmi | varuṇo yādasām aham ab-devatānāṃ rājāham | pitṝṇām aryamā nāma pitṛ-rājaś cāsmi | yamaḥ saṃyamatāṃ saṃyamanaṃ kurvatām aham ||BhGS_10.29||
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prahlādaś cāsmi daityānāṃ kālaḥ kalayatām aham |
mṛgāṇāṃ ca mṛgendro 'haṃ vainateyaś ca pakṣiṇām ||BhG_10.30||
prahlādo nāmaś cāsmi daityānāṃ diti-vaṃśyānām | kālaḥ kalayatāṃ kalanaṃ gaṇanaṃ kurvatām aham | mṛgāṇāṃ ca mṛgendraḥ siṃho vyāghro vāham | vainateyaś ca garutmān vinatā-sutaḥ pakṣiṇāṃ patatriṇām ||BhGS_10.30||
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pavanaḥ pavatām asmi rāmaḥ śastra-bhṛtām aham |
jhaṣāṇāṃ makaraś cāsmi srotasām asmi jāhnavī ||BhG_10.31||
pavano vāyuḥ pavatāṃ pāvayitaṝṇām asmi | rāmaḥ śastra-bhṛtām ahaṃ śastrāṇāṃ dhārayitṝṇāṃ dāśarathiḥ rāmo 'ham | jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyādīnāṃ makaro nāma jāti-viśeṣo 'ham | srotasāṃ sravantīnām asmi jāhnavī gaṅgā ||BhGS_10.31||
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sargāṇām ādir antaś ca madhyaṃ caivāham arjuna |
adhyātma-vidyā vidyānāṃ vādaḥ pravadatām aham ||BhG_10.32||
sargāṇāṃ sṛṣṭīnām ādir antaś ca madhyaṃ caivāham utpatti-sthiti-layā aham arjuna | bhūtānāṃ jīvādhiṣṭhitānām eva ādir antaś cety ādy uktam upakrame, iha tu sarvasyaiva sarga-mātrasyeti viśeṣaḥ | adhyātma-vidyā vidyānāṃ mokṣārthatvāt pradhānam asmi | vādo 'rtha-nirṇaya-hetutvāt pravadatāṃ pradhānam, ataḥ so 'ham asmi | pravaktṛ-dvāreṇa vadana-bhedānām eva vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍānām iha grahaṇaṃ pravadatām iti ||BhGS_10.32||
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akṣarāṇām akāro 'smi dvandvaḥ sāmāsikasya ca |
aham evākṣayaḥ kālo dhātāhaṃ viśvato-mukhaḥ ||BhG_10.33||
akṣarāṇāṃ varṇānām akāro varṇo 'smi | dvandvaḥ samāso 'smi sāmāsikasya ca samāsa-samūhasya | kiṃ cāham evākṣayaḥ kālaḥ prasiddhaḥ kṣaṇādy-ākhyaḥ, athavā parameśvaraḥ kālasyāpi kālo 'smi | dhātāhaṃ karma-phalasya vidhātā sarva-jagato viśvato-mukhaḥ sarvato-mukhaḥ ||BhGS_10.33||
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mṛtyuḥ sarva-haraś cāham udbhavaś ca bhaviṣyatām |
kīrtiḥ śrīr vāk ca nārīṇāṃ smṛtir medhā dhṛtiḥ kṣamā ||BhG_10.34||
mṛtyur dvividho dhanādi-haraḥ prāṇa-haraś ca | tatra yaḥ prāṇa-haraḥ, sa sarva-hara ucyate | so 'ham ity arthaḥ | athavā, para īśvaraḥ pralaye sarva-haraṇāt sarva-haraḥ, so 'ham | udbhava utkarṣaḥ abhyudayas tat-prāpti-hetuś cāham | keṣām ? bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvi-kalyāṇānām, utkarṣa-prāpti-yogyānām ity arthaḥ | kīrtiḥ śrīḥ vāk ca nārīṇāṃ smṛtir medhā dhṛtiḥ kṣamā ity etā uttamāḥ strīṇām aham asmi, yāsām ābhāsa-mātra-saṃbandhenāpi lokaḥ kṛtārtham ātmānaṃ manyate ||BhGS_10.34||
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bṛhat-sāma tathā sāmnāṃ gāyatrī chandasām aham |
māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo 'ham ṛtūnāṃ kusumākaraḥ ||BhG_10.35||
bṛhat-sāma tathā sāmnāṃ pradhānam asmi | gāyatrī cchandasām ahaṃ gāyatry-ādi-cchando-viśiṣṭānām ṛcāṃ gāyatrī ṛg aham asmīty arthaḥ | māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo 'ham, ṛtūnāṃ kusumākaro vasantaḥ ||BhGS_10.35||
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dyūtaṃ chalayatām asmi tejas tejasvinām aham |
jayo 'smi vyavasāyo 'smi sattvaṃ sattvavatām aham ||BhG_10.36||
dyūtam akṣa-devanādi-lakṣaṇaṃ chalayatāṃ chalasya kartṝṇām asmi | tejasvināṃ tejo 'ham | jayo 'smi jetṝṇām | vyavasāyo 'smi vyavasāyinām | sattvaṃ sattvavatāṃ sāttvikānām aham ||BhGS_10.36||
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vṛṣṇīnāṃ vāsudevo 'smi pāṇḍavānāṃ dhanaṃjayaḥ |
munīnām apy ahaṃ vyāsaḥ kavīnām uśanā kaviḥ ||BhG_10.37||
vṛṣṇīnāṃ yādavānāṃ vāsudevo 'smy ayam evāhaṃ tvatsakhaḥ | pāṇḍāvānāṃ dhanaṃjayas tvam eva | munīnīṃ mananaśīlānāṃ sarvapadārthajñāninām apy ahaṃ vyāsaḥ, kavīnāṃ ktrāntadarśinām uśanā kavir asmi ||BhGS_10.37||
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daṇḍo damayatām asmi nītir asmi jigīṣatām |
maunaṃ caivāsmi guhyānāṃ jñānaṃ jñānavatām aham ||BhG_10.38||
daṇḍo damayatāṃ damayitṝṇām asmy adāntānāṃ damana-kāraḥ | nītir asmi jigīṣatāṃ jetum icchatām | maunaṃ caivāsmi guhyānāṃ gopyānām | jñānaṃ jñānavatām aham ||BhGS_10.38||
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yac cāpi sarva-bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ tad aham arjuna |
na tad asti vinā yat syān mayā bhūtaṃ carācaram ||BhG_10.39||
yac cāpi sarva-bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇam, tad aham arjuna | prakaraṇopa-saṃhārārthaṃ vibhūti-saṃkṣepam āha - na tad asti bhūtaṃ carācaraṃ caram acaraṃ vā, mayā vinā yat syāt bhavet | mayāpakṛṣṭaṃ parityaktaṃ nirātmakaṃ śūnyaṃ hi tat syāt | ato mad-ātmakaṃ sarvam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.39||
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nānto 'sti mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnāṃ parantapa |
eṣa tūddeśataḥ prokto vibhūter vistaro mayā ||BhG_10.40||
nānto 'sti mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnāṃ vistarāṇāṃ parantapa | na hīśvarasya sarvātmano divyānāṃ vibhūtīnām iyattā śakyā vaktuṃ jñātuṃ vā kenacit | eṣa tūddeśata eka-deśena prokto vibhūter vistaraḥ mayā ||BhGS_10.40||
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yad yad vibhūtimat sattvaṃ śrīmad ūrjitam eva vā |
tat tad evāvagaccha tvaṃ mama tejo 'ṃśa-saṃbhavam ||BhG_10.41||
yad yal loke vibhūtimad vibhūti-yuktaṃ sattvaṃ vastu śrīmad ūrjitam eva vā śrīr lakṣmīs tayā sahitam utsāhopetaṃ vā | tat tad evāvagaccha tvaṃ jānīhi mameśvarasya tejo 'ṃśa-saṃbhavaṃ tejaso 'ṃśa eka-deśaḥ saṃbhavo yasya tat tejo 'ṃśa-saṃbhavam ity avagaccha tvam ||BhGS_10.41||
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atha vā bahunaitena kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna |
viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat ||BhG_10.42||
athavā bahunaitena evam ādinā kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna syāt sāvaśeṣeṇa | aśeṣatas tvam ucyamānam arthaṃ sṛṇu - viṣṭabhya viśeṣataḥ stambhanaṃ dṛḍhaṃ kṛtvedaṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagad ekāṃśenaikāvayavenaika-pādena, sarva-bhūta-svarūpeṇety etat | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ - pādo 'sya viśvā bhūtāni [Ṛk 8.4.17.3] iti | sthito 'ham iti ||BhGS_10.42||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrīgovandibhagavatpūjyapāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 11
athaikādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ viśva-rūpa-darśana-yogaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
bhagavato vibhūtaya uktāḥ | tatra ca viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat [Gītā 10.42] iti bhagavatābhihitaṃ śrutvā yat jagad-ātma-rūpam, ādyam aiśvaraṃ tat sākṣāt-kartum icchann arjuna uvāca -
mad-anugrahāya paramaṃ guhyam adhyātma-saṃjñitam |
yat tvayoktaṃ vacas tena moho 'yaṃ vigato mama ||BhG_11.1||
mad-anugrahāya mamānugrahārthaṃ paramaṃ niratiśayaṃ guhyaṃ gopyam adhyātma-saṃjñitam ātmānātma-viveka-viṣayaṃ yat tvayoktaṃ vaco vākyaṃ tena te vacasā moho 'yaṃ vigato mama | aviveka-buddhir apagatety arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.1||
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kiṃ ca -
bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṃ śrutau vistaraśo mayā |
tvattaḥ kamala-patrākṣa māhātmyam api cāvyayam ||BhG_11.2||
bhava utpattir apyayaḥ pralayas tau bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṃ śrutau vistaraśaḥ mayā, na saṃkṣepataḥ | tvattas tvat-sakāśāt | kamala-patrākṣa kamalasya patraṃ kamala-patraṃ tadvad akṣiṇī yasya tava sa tvaṃ kamala-patrākṣo, he kamalapatrākṣa ! mahātmano bhāvo māhātmyam api cāvyayam akṣayam | śrutam ity anuvartate ||BhGS_11.2||
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evam etad yathāttha tvam ātmānaṃ parameśvara |
draṣṭum icchāmi te rūpam aiśvaraṃ puruṣottama ||BhG_11.3||
evam etan nānyathā yathā yena prakāreṇa āttha kathayasi tvam ātmānaṃ parameśvara | tathāpi draṣṭum icchāmi te tava jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ saṃpannam aiśvaraṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ rūpaṃ puruṣottama ||BhGS_11.3||
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manyase yadi tac chakyaṃ mayā draṣṭum iti prabho |
yogeśvara tato me tvaṃ darśayātmānam avyayam ||BhG_11.4||
manyase cintayasi yadi mayārjunena tac chakyaṃ draṣṭum iti prabho ! svāmin ! yogeśvara yogino yogās teṣām īśvaro yogeśvaraḥ, he yogeśvara ! yasmād aham atīvārthī draṣṭum, tatas tasmān me mad-arthaṃ tvam ātmānam avyayam ||BhGS_11.4||
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evaṃ codito 'rjunena bhagavān uvāca -
paśya me pārtha rūpāṇi śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ |
nānā-vidhāni divyāni nānā-varṇākṛtīni ca ||BhG_11.5||
paśya me pārtha ! rūpāṇi śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ | anekaśa ity arthaḥ | tāni ca nānā-vidhāny aneka-prakārāṇi divi bhavāni divyāny aprākṛtāni nānā-varṇākṛtīni ca nānā vilakṣaṇā nīla-pītādi-prakārā varṇās tathākṛtayaś cāvayava-saṃsthāna-viśeṣo yeṣāṃ rūpāṇāṃ tāni nānā-varṇākṛtīnī ca ||BhGS_11.5||
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paśyādityān vasūn rudrān aśvinau marutas tathā |
bahūny adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi paśyāścaryāṇi bhārata ||BhG_11.6||
paśyādityān dvādaśa | vasūn aṣṭau | rudrān ekādaśa | aśvinau dvau | marutaḥ sapta-sapta-gaṇā ye tān | tathā ca bahūny anyāny apy adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi manuṣya-loke tvayā tvatto 'nyena vā kenacit | paśyāścaryāṇy adbhutāni bhārata ||BhGS_11.6||
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na kevalam etāvad eva -
ihaikasthaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ paśyādya sa-carācaram |
mama dehe guḍākeśa yac cānyad draṣṭum icchasi ||BhG_11.7||
ihaika-stham ekasminn eva sthitaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ samastaṃ paśyādya idānīṃ sa-carācaraṃ saha careṇācareṇa ca vartate mama dehe guḍākeśa | yac cānyat jaya-parājayādi | yat śaṅkase, yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyur [Gītā 2.6] iti yat avocaḥ, tad api draṣṭuṃ yadīcchasi ||BhGS_11.7||
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kiṃ tu -
na tu māṃ śakyase draṣṭum anenaiva sva-cakṣuṣā |
divyaṃ dadāmi te cakṣuḥ paśya me yogam aiśvaram ||BhG_11.8||
na tu māṃ viśva-rūpa-dharaṃ śakyase draṣṭum anenaiva prākṛtena sva-cakṣuṣā svakīyena cakṣuṣā | yena tu śakyase draṣṭuṃ divyena, tad divyaṃ dadāmi te tubhyaṃ cakṣuḥ | tena paśya me yogam aiśvaram īśvarasya mama aiśvaraṃ yogaṃ yoga-śakty-atiśayam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.8||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
evam uktvā tato rājan mahā-yogeśvaro hariḥ |
darśayām āsa pārthāya paramaṃ rūpam aiśvaram ||BhG_11.9||
evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇoktvā tato 'nantaraṃ rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra ! mahā-yogeśvaro mahāṃś cāsau yogeśvaraś mahā-yogeśvaro harir nārāyaṇo darśayāmāsa darśitavān pārthāya pṛthā-sutāya paramaṃ rūpaṃ viśva-rūpam aiśvaram ||BhGS_11.9||
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aneka-vaktra-nayanam anekādbhuta-darśanam |
aneka-divyābharaṇaṃ divyānekodyatāyudham ||BhG_11.10||
aneka-vaktra-nayanam anekāni vaktrāṇi nayanāni ca yasmin rūpe tad aneka-vaktra-nayanam, anekādbhuta-darśanam anekāny adbhutāni vismāpakāni darśanāni yasmin rūpe tad anekādbhuta-darśanaṃ rūpam | tathāneka-divyābharaṇam anekāni divyāny ābharaṇāni yasmin tad aneka-divyābharaṇam | tathā divyānekodyatāyudhaṃ divyāny anekāny asyādīni udyatāny āyudhāni yasmin tad divyānekodyatāyudham | darśayāmāseti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_11.10||
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kiṃ ca -
divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṃ divya-gandhānulepanam |
sarvāścarya-mayaṃ devam anantaṃ viśvato-mukham ||BhG_11.11||
divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṃ divyāni mālyāni puṣpāṇy ambarāṇi vasrāṇi ca dhriyante yeneśvareṇa taṃ divya-mālyāmbara-dharam, divya-gandhānulepanaṃ divyaṃ gandhānulepanaṃ yasya taṃ divya-gandhānulepanam, sarvāścarya-mayaṃ sarvāścarya-prāyaṃ devam anantaṃ nāsyānto 'stīty anantas tam, viśvato-mukhaṃ sarvato-mukhaṃ sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtatvāt, taṃ darśayāmāsa | arjuno dadarśeti vādhyāhriyate ||BhGS_11.11||
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yā punar bhagavato viśva-rūpasya bhāḥ, tasyā upamocyate -
divi sūrya-sahasrasya bhaved yugapad utthitā |
yadi bhāḥ sadṛśī sā syād bhāsas tasya mahātmanaḥ ||BhG_11.12||
antarikṣe vā divi sūryāṇāṃ sahasraṃ sūrya-sahasraṃ tasya yugapad utthitasya sūrya-sahasrasya yā yugapad utthitā bhāḥ, sā yadi, sadṛśī syāt tasya mahātmano viśva-rūpasyaiva bhāsaḥ | yadi vā na syāt, tato viśva-rūpasyaiva bhā atiricyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.12||
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kiṃ ca -
tatraikasthaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ pravibhaktam anekadhā |
apaśyad deva-devasya śarīre pāṇḍavas tadā ||BhG_11.13||
tatra tasmin viśva-rūpa ekasmin sthitam eka-sthaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ pravibhaktam anekadhā deva-pitṛ-manuṣyādi-bhedair apaśyad dṛṣṭavān deva-devasya hareḥ śarīre pāṇḍāvo 'rjunas tadā ||BhGS_11.13||
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tataḥ sa vismayāviṣṭo hṛṣṭa-romā dhanaṃjayaḥ |
praṇamya śirasā devaṃ kṛtāñjalir abhāṣata ||BhG_11.14||
tatas taṃ dṛṣṭvā sa vismayenāviṣṭo vismayāviṣṭo hṛṣṭāni romāṇi yasya so 'yaṃ hṛṣṭa-romā cābhavad dhanañjayaḥ | praṇamya prakarṣeṇa namanaṃ kṛtvā prahvī-bhūtaḥ san śirasā devaṃ viśva-rūpa-dharaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ namaskārārthaṃ saṃpuṭīkṛta-hastaḥ sann abhāṣata uktavān ||BhGS_11.14||
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katham ? yat tvayā darśitaṃ viśva-rūpam, tad ahaṃ paśyāmīti svānubhavam āviṣkurvann arjuna uvāca -
paśyāmi devāṃs tava deva dehe
sarvāṃs tathā bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃghān |
brahmāṇam īśaṃ kamalāsana-stham
ṛṣīṃś ca sarvān uragāṃś ca divyān ||BhG_11.15||
paśyāmy upalabhe he deva, tava dehe devān sarvān, tathā bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃghān bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ nānā-saṃsthāna-viśeṣāṇāṃ saṃghā bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃghās tān, kiṃ ca - brahmāṇaṃ catur-mukham īśam īśitāraṃ prajānāṃ kamalāsana-sthaṃ pṛthivī-padma-madhye meru-karṇikāsana-stham ity arthaḥ | ṛṣīṃś ca vasiṣṭhādīn sarvān, uragāṃś ca vāsuki-prabhṛtīn divyān divi bhavān ||BhGS_11.15||
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aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netraṃ
paśyāmi tvā sarvato 'nanta-rūpam |
nāntaṃ na madhyaṃ na punas tavādiṃ
paśyāmi viśveśvara viśva-rūpa ||BhG_11.16||
aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netram aneke bāhavar udarāṇi vaktrāṇi netrāṇi ca yasya tava sa tvam aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netras tam aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netram | paśyāmi tvā tvāṃ sarvataḥ sarvatrānanta-rūpam anantāni rūpāṇy asya ity ananta-rūpas tam ananta-rūpam | nāntam, anto 'vasānam, na madhyam, madhyaṃ nāma dvayoḥ koṭyor antaram | na punas tavādim - na devasyāntaṃ paśyāmi, na madhyaṃ paśyāmi, na punar ādiṃ paśyāmi | he viśveśvara viśva-rūpa ||BhGS_11.16||
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kiṃ ca -
kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakriṇaṃ ca
tejo-rāśiṃ sarvato dīptimantam |
paśyāmi tvāṃ durnirīkṣyaṃ samantād
dīptānalārka-dyutim aprameyam ||BhG_11.17||
kirīṭiānaṃ kirīṭāṃ nāma śirobhūṣaṇaviśeṣas tat yasyāsti saḥ kirīṭī taṃ kirīṭiānam, tathā gadinaṃ gadāsya vidyate iti gadī taṃ gadinam, tathā cakriṇaṃ caktram asyāstīti cakrī taṃ cakriṇaṃ ca, tejo-rāśiṃ tejaḥpujaṃ sarvatodīptimantaṃ sarvatodīptir asyāstīti sarvatodīptimān, taṃ sarvatodīptimantaṃ paśyāmi tvāṃ durnirīkṣyaṃ samantāt samantataḥ sarvatra dīptānalārkadyutim analaś cārkaś cānalārkau dīptau analārkau dīptānalārkau tayoḥ dīptānalārkayoḥ dyutiriva dyutis tejo yasya tava sa tvaṃ dīptānalārkadyutis taṃ tvāṃ dīptānalārkadyatim aprameyaṃ na prameyam aśakyaparicchedam ity etat ||BhGS_11.17||
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ita eva te yoga-śakti-darśanāt anuminomi -
tvam akṣaraṃ paramaṃ veditavyaṃ
tvam asya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam |
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata-dharma-goptā
sanātanas tvaṃ puruṣo mato me ||BhG_11.18||
tvam akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīti, paramaṃ brahma veditavyaṃ jñātavyaṃ mumukṣubhiḥ | tvam asya viśvasya samastasya jagataḥ paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ nidhīyate 'sminn iti nidhānaṃ para āśraya ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca, tvam avyayo na tava vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | śāśvata-dharma-goptā śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvato nityo dharmas tasya goptā śāśvata-dharma-goptā | sanātanaś cirantanas tvaṃ puruṣaḥ paramaḥ mato 'bhipretaḥ me mama ||BhGS_11.18||
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kiṃ ca -
anādi-madhyāntam ananta-vīryam
ananta-bāhuṃ śaśi-sūrya-netram |
paśyāmi tvāṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktraṃ
sva-tejasā viśvam idaṃ tapantam ||BhG_11.19||
anādi-madhyāntam ādi ca madhyaṃ cāntaś ca na vidyate yasya so 'yam anādi-madhyāntas, taṃ tvām anādi-madhyāntam | ananta-vīryaṃ na tava vīryasyānto 'stīty ananta-vīryas, taṃ tvām ananta-vīryam | tathānanta-bāhum anantā bāhavo yasya tava sa tvam, ananta-bāhus taṃ tvām ananta-bāhum | śaśi-sūrya-netraṃ śaśi-sūryau netre yasya tava sa tvaṃ śaśi-sūrya-netras, taṃ tvāṃ śaśi-sūrya-netraṃ candrāditya-nayanam | paśyāmi tvāṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktraṃ dīptaś cāsau hutāśaś ca vaktraṃ yasya tava sa tvaṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktras, taṃ tvāṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktram | sva-tejasā viśvam idaṃ samastaṃ tapantam ||
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dyāv-āpṛthivyor idam antaraṃ hi
vyāptaṃ tvayaikena diśaś ca sarvāḥ |
dṛṣṭvādbhutaṃ rūpam idaṃ tavograṃ
loka-trayaṃ pravyathitaṃ mahātman ||BhG_11.20||
dyāv-āpṛthivyor idam antaraṃ hy antarikṣaṃ vyāptaṃ tvayaikena viśva-rūpa-dhareṇa diśaś ca sarvā vyāptāḥ | dṛṣṭvā upalabhyādbhutaṃ vismāpakaṃ rūpam idaṃ tavograṃ krūraṃ lokānāṃ trayaṃ loka-trayaṃ pravyathitaṃ bhītaṃ pracalitaṃ vā | he mahātman ! akṣudra-svabhāva ||BhGS_11.20||
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athādhunā purā yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ [Gītā 2.6] ity arjunasya yaḥ saṃśaya āsīt, tan-nirṇayāya pāṇḍava-jayam aikāntikaṃ darśayāmīti pravṛtto bhagavān | taṃ paśyann āha | kiṃ ca -
amī hi tvā sura-saṃghā viśanti
kecid bhītāḥ prāñjalayo gṛṇanti |
svastīty uktvā maharṣi-siddha-saṃghāḥ
stuvanti tvāṃ stutibhiḥ puṣkalābhiḥ ||BhG_11.21||
amī hi yudhyamānā yoddhāras tvā tvāṃ sura-saṃghāḥ ye 'tra bhū-bhārāvatārāyāvatīrṇā vasv-ādi-deva-saṃghā manuṣya-saṃsthānās tvāṃ viśanti praviśanto dṛśyante | tatra kecit bhītāḥ prāñjalayaḥ santo gṛṇanti stuvanti tvām anye palāyane 'py aśaktāḥ santaḥ | yuddhe pratyupasthita utpātādi-nimittāni upalakṣya svasty astu jagata iti uktvā maharṣi-siddha-saṃghāḥ maharṣīṇāṃ siddhānāṃ ca saṃghāḥ stuvanti tvāṃ stutibhiḥ puṣkalābhiḥ saṃpūrṇābhiḥ ||BhGS_11.21||
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kiṃ cānyat -
rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyā
viśve 'śvinau marutaś coṣmapāś ca |
gandharva-yakṣāsura-siddha-saṃghā
vīkṣante tvāṃ vismitāś caiva sarve ||BhG_11.22||
rudrādityāḥ vasavo ye ca sādhyāḥ rudrādayo gaṇāḥ viśve-devā aśvinau ca devau marutaś ca ūṣmapā ca pitaraḥ, gandharvayakṣāsurasiddhasaṃghāḥ gandharṣaḥ hāhāhūhūprabhṛtayo yakṣāḥ kuberaprabhṛtayo 'surāḥ virocanaprabhṛtayaḥ siddhāḥ kapilādayas teṣāṃ saṃghāḥ gandharvayakṣāsurasiddhasaṃghāḥ, te vīkṣante paśyanti tvāṃ vismitāḥ vismayamāpannāḥ santas te eva sarve ||BhGS_11.22||
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yasmāt -
rūpaṃ mahat te bahu-vaktra-netraṃ
mahā-bāho bahu-bāhūru-pādam |
bahūdaraṃ bahu-daṃṣṭrā-karālaṃ
dṛṣṭvā lokāḥ pravyathitās tathāham ||BhG_11.23||
rūpaṃ mahad atipramāṇaṃ te tava bahu-vaktra-netraṃ bahūni vaktrāṇi mukhāni cakṣūṃṣi ca yasmin tad rūpaṃ bahu-vaktra-netram | he mahā-bāho ! bahu-bāhūru-pādaṃ bahavo bāhava ūravaḥ pādāś ca yasmin rūpe tad bahu-bāhūru-pādam | kiṃ ca, bahūdaraṃ bahūni udarāṇi yasminn iti bahūdaram | bahu-daṃṣṭrā-karālaṃ bahvībhir daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālaṃ vikṛtaṃ tad bahu-daṃṣṭrā-karālam | dṛṣṭvā rūpam īdṛśaṃ lokā laukikāḥ prāṇinaḥ pravyathitāḥ pracalitā bhayena | tathāham api ||BhGS_11.23||
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tatredaṃ kāraṇam -
nabhaḥ-spṛśaṃ dīptam aneka-varṇaṃ
vyāttānanaṃ dīpta-viśāla-netram |
dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā
dhṛtiṃ na vindāmi śamaṃ ca viṣṇo ||BhG_11.24||
nabhaḥ-spṛśaṃ dyu-sparśam ity arthaḥ | dīptaṃ prajvalitam | aneka-varṇam aneke varṇā bhayaṅkarāḥ nānā-saṃsthānā yasmin tvayi taṃ tvām aneka-varṇam | vyāttānanaṃ vyāttāni vivṛtāni ānanāni mukhāni yasmin tvayi taṃ tvāṃ vyāttānanam | dīpta-viśāla-netraṃ dīptāni prajvalitāni viśālāni vistīrṇāni netrāṇi yasmin tvayi taṃ tvāṃ dīpta-viśāla-netraṃ dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā pravyathitaḥ prabhīto 'ntarātmā mano yasya mama so 'haṃ pravyathitāntarātmā san dhṛtiṃ dhairyaṃ na vindāmi na labhe śamaṃ copaśamanaṃ manas-tuṣṭim | he viṣṇo ||BhGS_11.24||
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kasmāt ?
daṃṣṭrā-karālāni ca te mukhāni
dṛṣṭvaiva kālānala-saṃnibhāni |
diśo na jāne na labhe ca śarma
prasīda deveśa jagan-nivāsa ||BhG_11.25||
daṃṣṭrā-karālāni daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālāni vikṛtāni te tava mukhāni dṛṣṭvaivopalabhya kālānala-saṃnibhāni pralaya-kāle lokānāṃ dāhako 'gniḥ kālānalas tat-sadṛśāni kālānala-saṃnibhāni mukhāni dṛṣṭvety etat | diśaḥ pūrvāpara-vivekena na jāne diṅ-mūḍho jāto 'smi | ato na labhe ca nopalabhe ca śarma sukham | ataḥ prasīda prasanno bhava he deveśa, jagan-nivāsa ||BhGS_11.25||
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yebhyo mama parājayāśaṅkā yāsīt sā cāpagatā | yataḥ -
amī ca tvāṃ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrāḥ
sarve sahaivāvanipāla-saṃghaiḥ |
bhīṣmo droṇaḥ sūta-putras tathāsau
sahāsmadīyair api yodha-mukhyaiḥ ||BhG_11.26||
amī ca tvāṃ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrāḥ duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ - tvaramāṇāḥ viśantīti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ - sarve sahaiva sahitāḥ avani-pāla-saṃghair avaniṃ pṛthvīṃ pālayantīty avani-pālās teṣāṃ saṃghaiḥ, kiṃ ca bhīṣmo droṇaḥ sūta-putraḥ karṇas tathāsau sahāsmadīyair api dhṛṣṭadyumna-prabhṛtibhir yodha-mukhyair yodhānāṃ mukhyaiḥ pradhānaiḥ saha ||BhGS_11.26||
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kiṃ ca -
vaktrāṇi te tvaramāṇā viśanti
daṃṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni |
kecid vilagnā daśanāntareṣu
sandṛśyante cūrṇitair uttamāṅgaiḥ ||BhG_11.27||
vaktrāṇi mukhāni te tava tvaramāṇās tvarā-yuktāḥ santo viśanti | kiṃ-viśiṣṭani mukhāni ? daṃṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni bhayaṅkarāṇi | kiṃ ca, kecit mukhāni praviṣṭānāṃ madhye vilagnā daśanāntareṣu māṃsam iva bhakṣitaṃ saṃdṛśyanta upalabhyante cūrṇitaiś cūrṇīkṛtair uttamāṅgaiḥ śirobhiḥ ||BhGS_11.27||
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kathaṃ praviśanti mukhāni ? ity āha -
yathā nadīnāṃ bahavo 'mbu-vegāḥ
samudram evābhimukhā dravanti |
tathā tavāmī nara-loka-vīrā
viśanti vaktrāṇy abhivijvalanti ||BhG_11.28||
yathā nadīnāṃ sravantīnāṃ bahavo 'neke 'mbūnāṃ vegā ambu-vegās tvarā-viśeṣāḥ samudram evābhimukhāḥ pratimukhā dravanti praviśanti | tathā tadvat tavāmī bhīṣmādayo nara-loka-vīrā manuṣya-loke śūrāḥ viśanti vaktrāṇy abhivijvalanti prakāśamānāni ||BhGS_11.28||
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te kim-arthaṃ praviśanti kathaṃ ca ? ity āha -
yathā pradīptaṃ jvalanaṃ pataṅgā
viśanti nāśāya samṛddha-vegāḥ |
tathaiva nāśāya viśanti lokās
tavāpi vaktrāṇi samṛddha-vegāḥ ||BhG_11.29||
yathā pradīptaṃ jvalanam agniṃ pataṅgāḥ pakṣiṇo viśanti nāśāya vināśāya samṛddha-vegāḥ samṛddha udbhūto vego gatir yeṣāṃ te samṛddha-vegāḥ | tathaiva nāśāya viśanti lokāḥ prāṇinas tavāpi vaktrāṇi samṛddha-vegāḥ ||BhGS_11.29||
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tvaṃ punaḥ -
lelihyase grasamānaḥ samantāl
lokān samagrān vadanair jvaladbhiḥ |
tejobhir āpūrya jagat samagraṃ
bhāsas tavogrāḥ pratapanti viṣṇo ||BhG_11.30||
lelihyase āsvādayasi grasamāno 'ntaḥ praveśayan samantāt samantataḥ lokān samagrān samastān vadanair vaktrair jvaladbhir dīpyamānais tejobhir āpūrya saṃvyāpya jagat samagraṃ sahāgreṇa samastam ity etat | kiṃ ca, bhāso dīptayas tavogrāḥ krūrāḥ pratapanti pratāpaṃ kurvanti he viṣṇo vyāpana-śīla ||BhGS_11.30||
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yataḥ evam ugra-svabhāvaḥ, ataḥ -
ākhyāhi me ko bhavān ugra-rūpo
namo 'stu te deva-vara prasīda |
vijñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyaṃ
na hi prajānāmi tava pravṛttim ||BhG_11.31||
ākhyāhi kathaya me mahyaṃ ko bhavān ugra-rūpaḥ krūrākāraḥ | namo 'stu te tubhyaṃ he deva-vara devānāṃ pradhāna, prasīda prasādaṃ kuru | vijñātuṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyam ādau bhavam ādyam, na hi yasmāt prajānāmi tava tvadīyāṃ pravṛttiṃ ceṣṭam ||BhGS_11.31||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
kālo 'smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho
lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ |
ṛte 'pi tvā na bhaviṣyanti sarve
ye 'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ ||BhG_11.32||
kālo 'smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt lokānāṃ kṣayaṃ karotīti loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho vṛddhiṃ gataḥ | yad-arthaṃ pravṛddhas tac chṛṇu - lokān samāhartuṃ saṃhartum ihāsmin kāle pravṛttaḥ | ṛte 'pi vināpi tvā tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti bhīṣma-droṇa-karṇa-prabhṛtayaḥ sarve, yebhyas tava āśaṅkā, ye 'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu anīkam anīkaṃ prati pratyanīkeṣu pratipakṣa-bhūteṣu anīkeṣu yodhā yoddhāraḥ ||BhGS_11.32||
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yasmād evam -
tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭha yaśo labhasva
jitvā śatrūn bhuṅkṣva rājyaṃ samṛddham |
mayaivaite nihatāḥ pūrvam eva
nimitta-mātraṃ bhava savyasācin ||BhG_11.33||
tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭha bhīṣma-prabhṛtayo 'tirathā ajeyā devair apy arjunena jitā iti yaśaḥ labhasva | kevalaṃ puṇyair hi tat prāpyate | jitvā śatrūn duryodhana-prabhṛtīn bhuṅkṣva rājyaṃ samṛddham asapatnam akaṇṭakam | mayaivaite nihatā niścayena hatāḥ prāṇair viyojitāḥ pūrvam eva | nimitta-mātraṃ bhava tvam | he savyasācin ! savyena vāmenāpi hastena śarāṇāṃ kṣepāt savyasācīty ucyate 'rjunaḥ ||BhGS_11.33||
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droṇaṃ ca bhīṣmaṃ ca jayadrathaṃ ca
karṇaṃ tathānyān api yodha-vīrān |
mayā hatāṃs tvaṃ jahi mā vyathiṣṭhā
yudhyasva jetāsi raṇe sapatnān ||BhG_11.34||
droṇaṃ ca, yeṣu yeṣu yodheṣv arjunasyāśaṅkā tāṃs tān vyapadiśati bhagavān mayā hatān iti | tatra droṇa-bhīṣmayos tāvat prasiddham āśaṅkā-kāraṇam | droṇas tu dhanur-vedācāryo divyāstra-saṃpannaḥ | ātmanaś ca viśeṣato gurur gariṣṭhaḥ | bhīṣmaś ca svacchanda-mṛtyur divyāstra-saṃpannaś ca paraśurāmeṇa dvandva-yuddham agamat, na ca parājitaḥ | tathā jayadrathaḥ | yasya pitā tapaś carati mama putrasya śiro bhūmau nipātayiṣyati yaḥ, tasyāpi śiraḥ patiṣyatīti | karṇo 'pi vāsava-dattayā śaktyā tv amoghayā saṃpannaḥ sūrya-putraḥ kānīno yataḥ, atas tan-nāmnaiva nirdeśaḥ | mayā hatān tvaṃ jahi nimitta-mātreṇa | mā vyathiṣṭhās tebhyo bhayaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yudhyasva jetāsi duryodhana-prabhṛtīn raṇe yuddhe sapatnān śatrūn ||BhGS_11.34||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
etac chrutvā vacanaṃ keśavasya
kṛtāñjalir vepamānaḥ kirīṭī |
namaskṛtvā bhūya evāha kṛṣṇaṃ
sa-gadgadaṃ bhīta-bhītaḥ praṇamya ||BhG_11.35||
etat śrutvā vacanaṃ keśavasya pūrvoktaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ san vepamānaḥ kampamānaḥ kirīṭī namaskṛtvā | bhūyaḥ punar evāhoktavān kṛṣṇaṃ sa-gadgadaṃ bhayāviṣṭasya duḥkhābhighātāt snehāviṣṭasya ca harṣodbhavāt, aśru-pūrṇa-netratve sati śleṣmaṇā kaṇṭhāvarodhaḥ | tataś ca vāco 'pāṭavaṃ manda-śabdatvaṃ yat sa-gadgadas tena saha vartateti sa-gadgadaṃ vacanam āheti vacana-kriyā-viśeṣaṇam etat | bhīta-bhītaḥ punaḥ punar bhayāviṣṭa-cetāḥ san praṇamya prahvo bhūtvā | āheti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_11.35||
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arjuna uvāca -
sthāne hṛṣīkeśa tava prakīrtyā
jagat prahṛṣyaty anurajyate ca |
rakṣāṃsi bhītāni diśo dravanti
sarve namasyanti ca siddha-saṃghāḥ ||BhG_11.36||
sthāne yuktam | kiṃ tat ? tava prakītryā tvan-māhātmya-kīrtanena śrutena | he hṛṣīkeśa ! yat jagat prahṛṣyati praharṣam upaiti, tat sthāne yuktam ity arthaḥ | athavā viṣaya-viśeṣaṇaṃ sthāna iti | yukto harṣādi-viṣayo bhagavān, yata īśvaraḥ sarvātmā sarva-bhūta-suhṛc ceti | tathānurajyate 'nurāgaṃ copaiti | tac ca viṣaya iti vyākhyeyam | kiṃ ca, rakṣāṃsi bhītāni bhayāviṣṭani diśo dravanti gacchanti | tac ca sthāne viṣaye | sarve namasyanti namaskurvanti ca siddha-saṃghāḥ siddhānāṃ samudāyāḥ kapilādīnām, tac ca sthāne ||BhGS_11.36||
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bhagavato harṣādi-viṣayatve hetuṃ darśayati -
kasmāc ca te na nameran mahātman
garīyase brahmaṇo 'py ādi-kartre |
ananta deveśa jagan-nivāsa
tvam akṣaraṃ sad asat tat-paraṃ yat ||BhG_11.37||
kasmāc ca hetos te tubhyaṃ na nameran namaskuryur he mahātman ! garīyase gurutarāya | yato brahmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhasyāpi ādi-kartā kāraṇam atas tasmād ādi-kartre | katham ete na namaskuryuḥ ? ato harṣādīnāṃ namaskārasya ca sthānaṃ tvam arho viṣaya ity arthaḥ | he 'nanta deveśa he jagan-nivāsa tvam akṣaraṃ tat param, yad vedānteṣu śrūyate | kiṃ tat ? sad asad iti | sad vidyamānam, asac ca yatra nāstīti buddhiḥ | ta upadhāna-bhūte sad-asatī yasyākṣarasya, yad-dvāreṇa sad asad ity upacaryate | paramārthatas tu sad-asatoḥ paraṃ tat akṣaraṃ yad akṣaraṃ veda-vido vadanti [Gītā 8.11] | tat tvam eva, nānyad ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.37||
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punar api stauti -
tvam ādi-devaḥ puruṣaḥ purāṇas
tvam asya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam |
vettāsi vedyaṃ ca paraṃ ca dhāma
tvayā tataṃ viśvam ananta-rūpa ||BhG_11.38||
tvam ādi-devo jagataḥ sraṣṭṛtvāt | puruṣaḥ, puri śayanāt purāṇaś cirantanas tvam evāsya viśvasya paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ nidhīyate 'smin jagat sarvaṃ mahā-pralayādāv iti | kiṃ ca, vettāsi, veditāsi sarvasyaiva vedya-jātasya | yac ca vedyaṃ vedanārhaṃ tac cāsi paraṃ ca dhāma paramaṃ padaṃ vaiṣṇavam | tvayā tataṃ vyāptaṃ viśvaṃ samastam | he 'nanta-rūpa ! anto na vidyate tava rūpāṇām ||BhGS_11.38||
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kiṃ ca -
vāyur yamo 'gnir varuṇaḥ śaśāṅkaḥ
prajāpatis tvaṃ prapitāmahaś ca |
namo namas te 'stu sahasra-kṛtvaḥ
punaś ca bhūyo 'pi namo namas te ||BhG_11.39||
vāyus tvaṃ yamaś cāgniḥ varuṇo 'pāṃ patiḥ śaśāṅkaś candramāḥ prajāpatis tvaṃ kaśyapādiḥ prapitāmahaś ca pitāmahasyāpi pitā prapitāmahaḥ, brahmaṇo 'pi pitā ity arthaḥ | namo namas te tubhyam astu sahasra-kṛtvaḥ | punaś ca bhūyo 'pi namo namas te | bahuśo namaskāra-kriyābhyāsāvṛtti-gaṇanaṃ kṛtva-sucocyate | punaś ca bhūyo 'pīti śraddhā-bhakta-yati-śayād aparitoṣam ātmano darśayati ||BhGS_11.39||
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tathā -
namaḥ purastād atha pṛṣṭhatas te
namo 'stu te sarvata eva sarva |
ananta-vīryāmita-vikramas tvaṃ
sarvaṃ samāpnoṣi tato 'si sarvaḥ ||BhG_11.40||
namaḥ purastāt pūrvasyāṃ diśi tubhyam, atha pṛṣṭhatas te pṛṣṭhato 'pi ca te namo 'stu te sarvata eva sarvāsu dikṣu sarvatra sthitāya | he sarva ! ananta-vīryāmita-vikramo 'nantaṃ vīryam asya, amito vikramo 'sya | vīryaṃ sāmarthyaṃ vikramaḥ parākramaḥ | vīryavān api kaścit śatru-vadhādi-viṣaye na parākramate, manda-parākramo vā | tvaṃ tv ananta-vīryo 'mita-vikramaś cety ananta-vīryāmita-vikramaḥ | sarvaṃ samastaṃ jagat samāpnoṣi samyag ekenātmanā vyāpnoṣi yataḥ, tatas tasmād asi bhavasi sarvas tvam | tvayā vinābhūtaṃ na kiṃcid astīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.40||
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yato 'haṃ tvan-māhātmyāparijñānād aparāddhaḥ | ataḥ -
sakheti matvā prasabhaṃ yad uktaṃ
he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti |
ajānatā mahimānaṃ tavedaṃ
mayā pramādāt praṇayena vāpi ||BhG_11.41||
sakhā samāna-vayā iti matvā jñātvā viparīta-buddhyā prasabham abhibhūya prasahya yad uktaṃ he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti cājānatājñāninā mūḍhena | kim ajānatā ? ity āha - mahimānaṃ māhātmyaṃ tavedam īśvarasya viśva-rūpam | tavedaṃ mahimānam ajānateti vaiyadhikaraṇyena saṃbandhaḥ | tavemam iti pāṭho yady asti, tadā sāmānādhikaraṇyam eva | mayā pramādāt vikṣipta-cittatayā, praṇayena vāpi | praṇayo nāma sneha-nimitto visrambhaḥ | tenāpi kāraṇena yad uktavān asmi ||BhGS_11.41||
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yac cāvahāsārtham asatkṛto 'si
vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu |
eko 'tha vāpy acyuta tat-samakṣaṃ
tat kṣāmaye tvām aham aprameyam ||BhG_11.42||
yac cāvahāsārthaṃ parihāsa-prayojanāyāsatkṛtaḥ paribhūto 'si bhavasi | kva ? vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu | viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-vyāyāmaḥ, śayanaṃ śayyā, āsanam āsthāyikā, bhojanam adanam, ity eteṣu vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu, ekaḥ parokṣaḥ sann asatkṛto 'si paribhūto 'si | athavāpi he 'cyuta ! tat samakṣam, tac-chabdaḥ kriyā-viśeṣaṇārthaḥ, pratyakṣaṃ vāsatkṛto 'si tat sarvam aparādha-jātaṃ kṣāmaye kṣamāṃ kāraye tvām aham aprameyaṃ pramāṇātītam ||BhGS_11.42||
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yatas tvam -
pitāsi lokasya carācarasya
tvam asya pūjyaś ca gurur garīyān |
na tvat-samo 'sty abhyadhikaḥ kuto 'nyo
loka-traye 'py apratima-prabhāva ||BhG_11.43||
pitāsi janayitāsi lokasya prāṇi-jātasya carācarasya sthāvara-jaṅgamasya | na kevalaṃ tvam asya jagataḥ pitā | pūjyaś ca pūjārhaḥ, yato gurur garīyān gurutaraḥ | kasmād gurutaras tvam ity āha - na tvat-samas tvat-tulyo 'sti | na hīśvara-dvayaṃ saṃbhavati, aneke varatve vyavahārānupapatteḥ | tvat-sama eva tāvad anyo na saṃbhavati | kuta evānyo 'bhyadhikaḥ syāt loka-traye 'pi sarvasmin ? apratima-prabhāva ! pratimīyate yayā sā pratimā, na vidyate pratimā yasya tava prabhāvasya sa tvam apratima-prabhāvo he 'pratima-prabhāva niratiśaya-prabhāva ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.43||
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yata evam -
tasmāt praṇamya praṇidhāya kāyaṃ
prasādaye tvām aham īśam īḍyam |
piteva putrasya sakheva sakhyuḥ
priyaḥ priyāyārhasi deva soḍhum ||BhG_11.44||
tasmāt praṇamya namaskṛtya, praṇidhāya prakarṣeṇa nīcair dhṛtvā kāyaṃ śarīram, prasādaye prasādaṃ kāraye tvām aham īśam īśitāram, īḍyaṃ stutyam | tvaṃ punaḥ putrasyāparādhaṃ pitā yathā kṣamate, sarvaṃ sakheva sakhyur aparādham, yathā vā priyaḥ priyāyā aparādhaṃ kṣamate | evam arhasi he deva ! soḍhuṃ prasahitum kṣantum ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.44||
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adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṃ hṛṣito 'smi dṛṣṭvā
bhayena ca pravyathitaṃ mano me |
tad eva me darśaya deva rūpaṃ
prasīda deveśa jagan-nivāsa ||BhG_11.45||
adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṃ na kadācid api dṛṣṭa-pūrvam idaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ tava mayānyairvā, tat ahaṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛṣito 'smi | bhayena ca pravyathitaṃ manaḥ me | atas tad eva me mama darśaya he deva rūpaṃ yat matsakham | prasīda deveśa, jagan-nivāsa jagato nivāso jagan-nivāsaḥ, he jagan-nivāsa ||BhGS_11.45||
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kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakra-hastam
icchāmi tvāṃ draṣṭum ahaṃ tathaiva |
tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena
sahasra-bāho bhava viśva-mūrte ||BhG_11.46||
kirīṭinaṃ kirīṭavantaṃ tathā gadinaṃ gadāvantaṃ cakra-hastam icchāmi tvāṃ prārthaye tvāṃ draṣṭum aham, tathaiva pūrvavad ity arthaḥ | yata evam, tasmāt tenaiva rūpeṇa vasudeva-putra-rūpeṇa catur-bhujena, sahasra-bāho ! vārtamānikena viśva-rūpeṇa, bhava viśva-mūrte | upasaṃhṛtya viśva-rūpam, tenaiva rūpeṇa bhavety arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.46||
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arjunaṃ bhītam upalabhya, upasaṃhṛtya viśva-rūpam, priya-vacanena āśvāsayan śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
mayā prasannena tavārjunedaṃ
rūpaṃ paraṃ darśitam ātma-yogāt |
tejo-mayaṃ viśvam anantam
ādyaṃ yan me tvad-anyena na dṛṣṭa-pūrvam ||BhG_11.47||
mayā prasannena, prasādo nāma tvayy anugraha-buddhiḥ, tadvatā prasannena mayā tava | he 'rjuna ! idaṃ paraṃ rūpaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ darśitam ātma-yogād ātmana aiśvaryasya sāmarthyāt | tejo-mayaṃ tejaḥ-prāyaṃ viśvaṃ samastam anantam anta-rahitaṃ ādau bhavam ādyaṃ, yad rūpaṃ me mama tvad-anyena tvatto 'nyena kenacin na dṛṣṭa-pūrvam ||BhGS_11.47||
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ātmano mama rūpa-darśanena kṛtārtha eva tvaṃ saṃvṛtta iti tat stauti -
na veda yajñādhyayanair na dānair
na ca kriyābhir na tapobhir ugraiḥ |
evaṃ-rūpaḥ śakya ahaṃ nṛ-loke
draṣṭuṃ tvad-anyena kuru-pravīra ||BhG_11.48||
na veda-yajñādhyayanaiś caturṇām api vedānām adhyayanair yathāvat yajñādhyayanaiś ca - vedādhyayanair eva yajñādhyayanasya siddhatvāt pṛthak yajñādhyayana-grahaṇaṃ yajña-vijñānopalakṣaṇārtham - tathā na dānais tulā-puruṣādibhiḥ, na ca kriyābhir agnihotrādibhiḥ śrautādibhiḥ, nāpi tapobhir ugraiś cāndrāyaṇādibhir ugrair ghoraiḥ, evaṃ-rūpo yathā-darśitaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ yasya so 'ham evaṃ-rūpo na śakyo 'haṃ nṛ-loke manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ tvad-anyena tvatto 'nyena kura-pravīra ||BhGS_11.48||
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mā te vyathā mā ca vimūḍha-bhāvo
dṛṣṭvā rūpaṃ ghoram īdṛṅ mamedam |
vyapeta-bhīḥ prīta-manāḥ punas tvaṃ
tad eva me rūpam idaṃ prapaśya ||BhG_11.49||
mā te vyathā mā bhūt te bhayam, mā ca vimūḍha-bhāvo vimūḍha-cittatā, dṛṣṭvopalabhya rūpaṃ ghoram īdṛk yathā-darśitaṃ mamedam | vyapeta-bhīr vigata-bhayaḥ, prīta-manāś ca san punar bhūyas tvaṃ tad eva catur-bhujaṃ rūpaṃ śaṅkha-cakra-gadādharaṃ taveṣṭaṃ rūpam idaṃ prapaśya ||BhGS_11.49||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
ity arjunaṃ vāsudevas tathoktvā
svakaṃ rūpaṃ darśayām āsa bhūyaḥ |
āśvāsayām āsa ca bhītam enaṃ
bhūtvā punaḥ saumya-vapur mahātmā ||BhG_11.50||
ity evam arjunaṃ vāsudevas tathā-bhūtaṃ vacanam uktvā, svakaṃ vasudevasya gṛhe jātaṃ rūpaṃ darśayāmāsa darśitavān bhūyaḥ punaḥ | āśvāsayāmāsa ca āśvāsitavān bhītam enam, bhūtvā punaḥ saumya-vapuḥ prasanna-deho mahātmā ||BhGS_11.50||
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arjuna uvāca -
dṛṣṭvedaṃ mānuṣaṃ rūpaṃ tava saumyaṃ janārdana |
idānīm asmi saṃvṛttaḥ sa-cetāḥ prakṛtiṃ gataḥ ||BhG_11.51||
dṛṣṭvedaṃ mānuṣaṃ rūpaṃ mat-sakhaṃ prasannaṃ tava saumyaṃ janārdana, idānīm, adhunāsmi saṃvṛttaḥ saṃjātaḥ | kim ? sa-cetāḥ prasanna-cittaḥ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ gataś cāsmi ||BhGS_11.51||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
sudurdarśam idaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama |
devā apy asya rūpasya nityaṃ darśana-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ ||BhG_11.52||
sudurdarśaṃ suṣṭhu duḥkhena darśanam asyeti sudurdarśam | idaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama, devā apy asya mama rūpasya nityaṃ sarvadā darśana-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ | darśanepsavo 'pi na tvam iva dṛṣṭavantaḥ, na drakṣyanti cety abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.52||
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kasmāt ? -
nāhaṃ vedair na tapasā na dānena na cejyayā |
śakya evaṃ-vidho draṣṭuṃ dṛṣṭavān asi māṃ yathā ||BhG_11.53||
nāhaṃ vedaiḥ ṛg-yajuḥ-sāmātharva-vedaiś caturbhir api, na tapasā ugreṇa cāndrāyaṇādinā, na dānena go-bhū-hiraṇyādinā, na cejyayā yajñena pūjayā vā śakyaḥ evaṃ-vidho yathā-darśita-prakāro draṣṭuṃ dṛṣṭavān asi māṃ yathā tvam ||BhGS_11.53||
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kathaṃ punaḥ śakya ity ucyate -
bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakya aham evaṃ-vidho 'rjuna |
jñātuṃ draṣṭuṃ ca tattvena praveṣṭuṃ ca parantapa ||BhG_11.54||
bhaktyā tu kiṃ-viśiṣṭayā ity āha - ananyayāpṛthag-bhūtayā, bhagavato 'nyatra pṛthaṅ na kadācid api yā bhavati sā tv ananyā bhaktiḥ | sarvair api karaṇaiḥ vāsudevād anyan na upalabhyate yayā, sānanyā bhaktiḥ, tayā bhaktyā śakyo 'ham evaṃ-vidho viśva-rūpa-prakāro he 'rjuna, jñātuṃ śāstrataḥ | na kevalaṃ jñātuṃ śāstrataḥ, draṣṭuṃ ca sākṣāt-kartuṃ tattvena tattvataḥ, praveṣṭuṃ ca mokṣaṃ ca gantuṃ parantapa ||BhGS_11.54||
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adhunā sarvasya gītā-śāstrasya sāra-bhūto 'rtho niḥśreyasārtho 'nuṣṭheyatvena samuccityocyate -
mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramo mad-bhaktaḥ saṅga-varjitaḥ |
nirvairaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu yaḥ sa mām eti pāṇḍava ||BhG_11.55||
mat-karma-kṛn mad-arthaṃ karma mat-karma, tat karotīti mat-karma-kṛt | mat-paramaḥ - karoti bhṛtyaḥ svāmi-karma, na tv ātmanaḥ paramā pretya gantavyā gatir iti svāminaṃ pratipadyate | ayaṃ tu mat-karma-kṛn mām eva paramāṃ gatiṃ pratipadyate iti mat-paramaḥ, ahaṃ paramaḥ parā gatir yasya so 'yaṃ mat-paramaḥ | tathā mad-bhakto mām eva sarva-prakāraiḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ sarvātmanā sarvotsāhena bhajate iti mad-bhaktaḥ | saṅga-varjito dhana-putra-mitra-kalatra-bandhu-vargeṣu saṅga-varjitaḥ saṅgaḥ prītiḥ snehas tad-varjitaḥ | nirvairo nirgata-vairaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu śatru-bhāva-rahita ātmano ' tyantāpakāra-pravṛtteṣv api | ya īdṛśo mad-bhaktaḥ sa mām eti | aham eva tasya parā gatiḥ, nānyā gatiḥ kācit bhavati | ayaṃ tavopadeśa iṣṭo mayā upadiṣṭaḥ | he pāṇḍāva ! iti ||BhGS_11.55||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||11||
BhG 12
atha bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
dvitīyādhyāya-prabhṛtiṣu vibhūty-anteṣu adhyāyeṣu paramātmano brahmaṇo 'kṣarasya vidhvasta-sarvopādhi-viśeṣasyopāsanam uktam | sarva-yogaiśvarya-sarva-jñāna-śaktimat-sattvopādher īśvarasya tatra copāsanaṃ tatra tatroktam | viśva-rūpādhyāye tv aiśvaram ādyaṃ samasta-jagad-ātma-rūpaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ tvadīyaṃ darśitam upāsanārtham eva tvayā | tac ca darśayitvā uktavān asi mat-karma-kṛd [Gītā 11.55] ity ādi | ato 'ham anayor ubhayoḥ pakṣayor viśiṣṭatara-bubhutsayā tvāṃ pṛcchāmīty arjuna uvāca -
evaṃ satata-yuktā ye bhaktās tvāṃ paryupāsate |
ye cāpy akṣaram avyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yoga-vittamāḥ ||BhG_12.1||
evam ity atītānantara-lokena uktam arthaṃ parāmṛśati mat-karma-kṛd ity ādinā | evaṃ satata-yuktāḥ, nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau yathokte 'rthe samāhitāḥ santaḥ pravṛttā ity arthaḥ | ye bhaktā ananya-śaraṇāḥ santas tvāṃ yathā-darśitaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cānye 'pi tyakta-sarveṣaṇāḥ saṃnyasta-sarva-karmāṇo yathā-viśeṣitaṃ brahmākṣaraṃ nirasta-sarvopādhitvād avyaktam akaraṇa-gocaram | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaraṃ tad vyaktam ucyate, añjer dhātos tat-karmakatvāt | idaṃ tv akṣaraṃ tad-viparītam, śiṣṭau ca ucyamānair viśeṣaṇair viśiṣṭam, tad ye cāpi paryupāsate, teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yogi-vittamāḥ ? ke 'tiśayena yoga-vida ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_12.1||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca - ye tv akṣaropāsakāḥ samyag-darśino nivṛttaiṣaṇās te tāvat tiṣṭhantu | tān prati yad vaktavyam, tad upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ | ye tv itare -
mayy āveśya mano ye māṃ nitya-yuktā upāsate |
śraddhayā parayopetās te me yuktatamā matāḥ ||BhG_12.2||
mayi viśva-rūpe parameśvara āveśya samādhāya mano ye bhaktāḥ santaḥ, māṃ sarva-yoge varāṇām adhīśvaraṃ sarvajñaṃ vimukta-rāgādi-kleśa-timira-dṛṣṭim, nitya-yuktā atītānantarādhyāyāntokta-ślokārtha-nyāyena satata-yuktāḥ santa upāsate śraddhayā parayā prakṛṣṭayopetāḥ, te me mama matā abhipretā yuktatamā iti | nairantaryeṇa hi te mac-cittatayāho-rātram ativāhayanti | ato yuktaṃ tān prati yuktatamā iti vaktum ||BhGS_12.2||
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kim itare yuktatamā na bhavanti ? na | kiṃtu tān prati yad vaktavyam, tac chṛṇu -
ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam avyaktaṃ paryupāsate |
sarvatra-gam acintyaṃ ca kūṭastham acalaṃ dhruvam ||BhG_12.3||
ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam, avyaktatvād aśabda-gocareti na nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyate, ato 'nirdeśyam | avyaktaṃ na kenāpi pramāṇena vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ paryupāsate pari samantād upāsate | upāsanaṃ nāma yathā-śāstram upāsyasyārthasya viṣayī-karaṇena sāmīpyam upagamya taila-dhārāvat samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa dīrgha-kālaṃ yad āsanam, tad upāsanam ācakṣate | akṣarasya viśeṣaṇam āha - sarvatra-gaṃ vyomavad vyāpy acintyaṃ cāvyaktatvād acintyam | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaram, tan manasāpi cintyam, tad-viparītatvād acintyam akṣaram, kūṭa-sthaṃ dṛśyamāna-guṇam antar-doṣaṃ vastu kūṭam | kūṭa-rūpam kūṭa-sākṣyam ity ādau kūṭa-śabdaḥ prasiddho loke | tathā cāvidyādy-aneka-saṃsāra-bījam antar-doṣavan māyā-vyākṛtādi-śabda-vācyatayā māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10], mama māyā duratyayā [Gītā 7.14] ity ādau prasiddhaṃ yat tat kūṭam, tasmin kūṭe sthitaṃ kūṭa-sthaṃ tad-adhyakṣatayā | athavā, rāśir iva sthitaṃ kūṭa-stham ata evācalam | yasmād acalam, tasmād dhruvam, nityam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_12.3||
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saṃniyamyendriya-grāmaṃ sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ |
te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ ||BhG_12.4||
saṃniyamya samyak niyamya upasaṃhṛtya indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ sarvatra sarvasmin kāle sama-buddhayaḥ samā tulyā buddhir yeṣām iṣṭāniṣṭa-prāptau te sama-buddhayaḥ | te ye evaṃ-vidhās te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ | na tu teṣāṃ vaktavyaṃ kiṃcit māṃ te prāpnuvantīti | jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam iti hy uktam | na hi bhagavat-svarūpāṇāṃ satāṃ yuktatamatvam ayuktatamatvaṃ vā vācyam ||BhGS_12.4||
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kiṃ tu -
kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām avyaktāsakta-cetasām |
avyaktā hi gatir duḥkhaṃ dehavadbhir avāpyate ||BhG_12.5||
kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | yadyapi mat-karmādi-parāṇāṃ kleśo 'dhika eva | kleśo 'dhikataras tv akṣarātmanāṃ paramārtha-darśināṃ dehābhimāna-parityāga-nimittaḥ | avyaktāsakta-cetasām avyakta āsaktaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te 'vyaktāsakta-cetasas teṣām avyaktāsakta-cetasām | avyaktā hi yasmād yā gatir akṣarātmikā duḥkhaṃ sā dehavadbhir dehābhimānavadbhir avāpyate | ataḥ kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | akṣaropāsakānāṃ yad vartanam, tad upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ ||BhGS_12.5||
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ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya mat-parāḥ |
ananyenaiva yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate ||BhG_12.6||
ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayīśvare saṃnyasya mat-parā ahaṃ paro yeṣāṃ te mat-parāḥ santo 'nanyenaivāvidyamānam anyat ālambanaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ devam ātmānaṃ muktvā yasya so 'nanyas tenānanyenaiva | kena ? yogena samādhinā māṃ dhyāyantaś cintayanta upāsate ||BhGS_12.6||
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teṣāṃ kim ? -
teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt |
bhavāmi nacirāt pārtha mayy āveśita-cetasām ||BhG_12.7||
teṣāṃ mad-upāsanaika-parāṇām aham īśvaraḥ samuddhartā | kutaḥ ? ity āha - mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarān mṛtyu-yuktaḥ saṃsāro mṛtyu-saṃsāraḥ, sa eva sāgara iva sāgaraḥ, dustaratvāt, tasmāt mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt ahaṃ teṣāṃ samuddhartā bhavāmi na cirāt | kiṃ tarhi ? kṣipram eva he pārtha, mayi āveśita-cetasāṃ mayi viśva-rūpa āveśitaṃ samāhitaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te mayy āveśita-cetasas teṣām ||BhGS_12.7||
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yata evam, tasmāt -
mayy eva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya |
nivasiṣyasi mayy eva ata ūrdhvaṃ na saṃśayaḥ ||BhG_12.8||
mayy eva viśva-rūpa īśvare manaḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ ādhatsva sthāpaya | mayy evādhyavasāyaṃ kurvatīṃ buddhim ādhatsva niveśaya | tatas te kiṃ syād iti sṛṇu - nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi niścayena mad-ātmanā mayi nivāsaṃ kariṣyasi | evātaḥ śarīra-pātād ūrdhvam | na saṃśayaḥ, saṃśayo 'tra na kartavyaḥ ||BhGS_12.8||
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atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram |
abhyāsa-yogena tato mām icchāptuṃ dhanañjaya ||BhG_12.9||
atha evaṃ yathāvocaṃ tathā mayi cittaṃ samādhātuṃ sthāpayituṃ sthiram acalaṃ na śaknoṣi cet, tataḥ paścād abhyāsa-yogena | cittasyaikasmin ālambane sarvataḥ samāhṛtya punaḥ punaḥ sthāpanam abhyāsaḥ | tat-pūrvako yogaḥ samādhāna-lakṣaṇas tenābhyāsa-yogena māṃ viśva-rūpam iccha prārthayasva āptuṃ prāptum | he dhanañjaya ||BhGS_12.9||
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abhyāse 'py asamartho 'si mat-karma-paramo bhava |
mad-artham api karmāṇi kurvan siddhim avāpsyasi ||BhG_12.10||
abhyāse 'py asamartho 'sy aśakto 'si, tarhi mat-karma-paramo bhava mad-arthaṃ karma mat-karma tat-paramaḥ mat-karma-paramaḥ, mat-karma-pradhāna ity arthaḥ | abhyāsena vinā mad-artham api karmāṇi kevalaṃ kurvan siddhiṃ sattva-śuddhi-yoga-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇāvāpsyasi ||BhGS_12.10||
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athaitad apy aśakto 'si kartuṃ mad-yogam āśritaḥ |
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān ||BhG_12.11||
atha punar etad api yad uktaṃ mat-karma-paramatvam, tat kartum aśakto 'si, mad-yogam, āśrito mayi kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi saṃnyasya yat karaṇaṃ teṣām anuṣṭhānaṃ sa mad-yogaḥ, tam āśritaḥ san, sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phala-saṃnyāsaṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ tato 'nantaraṃ kuru yatātmavān saṃyata-cittaḥ san ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_12.11||
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idānīṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ stauti -
śreyo hi jñānam abhyāsāj jñānād dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate |
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgas tyāgāc chāntir anantaram ||BhG_12.12||
śreyo hi praśasyataraṃ jñānam | kasmāt ? viveka-pūrvakād abhyāsāt | tasmād api jñānāj jñāna-pūrvakaṃ dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate | jñānavato dhyānād api karma-phala-tyāgo viśiṣyata ity anuṣajyate | evaṃ karma-phala-tyāgāt pūrva-viśeṣaṇavataḥ śāntir upaśamaḥ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasyānantaram eva syāt, na tu kālāntaram apekṣate |
ajñasya karmaṇi pravṛttasya pūrvopadiṣṭopāyānuṣṭhānāśaktau sarva-karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgaḥ śreyaḥ-sādhanam upadiṣṭam, na prathamam eva | ataś ca śreyo hi jñānam abhyāsād ity uttarottara-viśiṣṭatvopadeśena sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaḥ stūyate, saṃpanna-sādhanānuṣṭhānāśaktau anuṣṭheyatvena śrutatvāt | kena sādharmyeṇa stutitvam ? yadā sarve pramucyanta iti sarva-kāma-prahāṇād amṛtatvam uktam | tat prasiddham | kāmāś ca sarve śrauta-smārta-karmaṇāṃ phalāni | tat-tyāge ca viduṣo dhyāna-niṣṭhasyānantaraiva śāntir iti sarva-kāma-tyāga-sāmānyam ajña-karma-phala-tyāgasyāstīti tat-sāmānyāt sarva-karma-phala-tyāga-stutir iyaṃ prarocanārthā | yathāgastyena brāhmaṇena samudraḥ pīta itīdānīṃtanā api brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇatva-sāmānyāt stūyante, evaṃ karma-phala-tyāgāt karma-yogasya śreyaḥ sādhanatvam abhihitam ||BhGS_12.12||
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atra cātmeśvara-bhedam āśritya viśva-rūpa īśvare cetaḥ-samādhāna-lakṣaṇo yoga uktaḥ, īśvarārthaṃ karmānuṣṭhānādi ca | athaitad apy aśakto 'si [Gītā 12.11] ity ajñāna-kārya-sūcanān nābheda-darśino 'kṣaropāsakasya karma-yoga upapadyata iti darśayati | tathā karma-yogino 'kṣaropāsanānupapattim | te prāpnuvanti mām eva [Gītā 12.4] ity akṣaropāsakānāṃ kaivalya-prāptau svātantryam uktvā, itareṣāṃ pāratantryād īśvarādhīnatāṃ darśitavān teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā [Gītā 12.7] iti | yadi hīśvarasyātma-bhūtās te matā abheda-darśitvāt, akṣara-svarūpā eva ta iti samuddharaṇa-karma-vacanaṃ tān praty apeśalaṃ syāt | yasmāc cārjunasyātyantam eva hitaiṣī bhagavān tasya samyag-darśanānanvitaṃ karma-yogaṃ bheda-dṛṣṭimantam eva upadiśati | na cātmānam īśvaraṃ pramāṇato buddhvā kasyacid guṇa-bhāvaṃ jigamiṣati kaścid, virodhāt | tasmād akṣaropāsakānāṃ samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ tyakta-sarveṣaṇānām adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādi-dharma-pūgaṃ sākṣād amṛtatva-kāraṇaṃ vakṣyāmīti pravartate -
adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca |
nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ kṣamī ||BhG_12.13||
adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ na dveṣṭā, ātmano duḥkha-hetum api na kiṃcid dveṣṭi, sarvāṇi bhūtāny ātmatvena hi paśyati | maitro mitra-bhāvo maitrī mitratayā vartata iti maitraḥ | karuṇa eva ca, karuṇā kṛpā duḥkhiteṣu dayā, tadvān karuṇaḥ, sarva-bhūtābhaya-pradaḥ, saṃnyāsīty arthaḥ | nirmamo mama-pratyaya-varjitaḥ | nirahaṃkāro nirgatāhaṃ-pratyayaḥ | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ same duḥkha-sukhe dveṣa-rāgayor apravartake yasya sa sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | kṣamī kṣamāvān, ākruṣṭo 'bhihato vāvikriya evāste ||BhGS_12.13||
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saṃtuṣṭaḥ satataṃ yogī yatātmā dṛḍha-niścayaḥ |
mayy arpita-mano-buddhir yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||BhG_12.14||
saṃtuṣṭaḥ satataṃ nityaṃ deha-sthiti-kāraṇasya lābhe 'lābhe ca utpannālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | tathā guṇaval-lābhe viparyaye ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ | satataṃ yogī samāhita-cittaḥ | yatātmā saṃyata-svabhāvaḥ | dṛḍha-niścayo dṛḍhaḥ sthiro niścayo 'dhyavasāyo yasyātma-tattva-viṣaye sa dṛḍha-niścayaḥ | mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ manaḥ, adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā buddhiḥ, te mayy evārpite sthāpite yasya saṃnyāsinaḥ sa mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ | ya īdṛśo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'ty artham ahaṃ sa ca mama priya iti saptame 'dhyāye sūcitam, tad iha prapañcyate ||BhGS_12.14||
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yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ |
harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||BhG_12.15||
yasmāt saṃnyāsino nodvijate nodvegaṃ gacchati na santapyate na saṃkṣubhyati lokaḥ, tathā lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ, harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair harṣaś cāmarṣaś ca bhayaṃ codvegaś ca tair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair muktaḥ | harṣaḥ priya-lābhe 'ntaḥ-karaṇasyotkarṣo romāñcanāśrupātādi-liṅgaḥ | amarṣo 'sahiṣṇutā | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | udvega udvignatā | tair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||BhGS_12.15||
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anapekṣaḥ śucir dakṣa udāsīno gata-vyathaḥ |
sarvārambha-parityāgī yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||BhG_12.16||
dehendriya-viṣaya-saṃbandhādiṣu apekṣā-viṣayeṣu anapekṣo niḥspṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyena ābhyantareṇa ca śaucena saṃpannaḥ | dakṣaḥ pratyutpanneṣu kāryeṣu sadyo yathāvat pratipattuṃ samarthaḥ | udāsīno na kasyacit mitrādeḥ pakṣaṃ bhajate yaḥ, sa udāsīno yatiḥ | gata-vyatho gata-bhayaḥ | sarvārambha-parityāgī ārabhyanteti | ārambhā ihāmutra-phala-bhogārthāni kāma-hetūni karmāṇi sarvārambhāḥ, tān parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti sarvārambha-parityāgī yaḥ mad-bhaktaḥ saḥ me priyaḥ ||BhGS_12.16||
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kiṃ ca -
yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati |
śubhāśubha-parityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||BhG_12.17||
yo na hṛṣyatīṣṭa-prāptau, na dveṣṭy aniṣṭa-prāptau, na śocati priya-viyoge, na cāprāptaṃ kāṅkṣati, śubhāśubhe karmaṇī parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti śubhāśubha-parityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||BhGS_12.17||
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samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ |
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅga-vivarjitaḥ ||BhG_12.18||
samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca, tathā mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoḥ, śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ | sarvatra ca saṅga-vivarjitaḥ ||BhGS_12.18||
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kiṃ ca -
tulya-nindā-stutir maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit |
aniketaḥ sthira-matir bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ||BhG_12.19||
tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | nindā ca stutiś ca nindā-stutī | te tulye yasya sa tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | maunī maunavān saṃyata-vāk | saṃtuṣṭaḥ yena kenacit śarīra-sthiti-hetu-mātreṇa | tathā coktam -
yena kenacid ācchanno yena kenacid āśitaḥ | yatra kvacana śāyī syāt taṃ devā brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ || [Mbh 12.245.12] iti | kiṃ ca, aniketo niketa āśrayo nivāso niyato na vidyate yasya so 'niketaḥ, nāgāre ity ādi-smṛty-antarāt | sthira-matiḥ sthirā paramārtha-viṣayā yasya matiḥ saḥ sthira-matiḥ | bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ||BhGS_12.19||
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adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām [Gītā 12.13] ity ādinākṣaropāsakānāṃ nivṛtta-sarveṣaṇānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ dharma-jātaṃ prakrāntam upasaṃhriyate -
ye tu dharmyāmṛtam idaṃ yathoktaṃ paryupāsate |
śraddadhānā mat-paramā bhaktās te 'tīva me priyāḥ ||BhG_12.20||
ye tu saṃnyāsino dharmyāmṛtaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ dharmyaṃ ca tad amṛtaṃ ca tat, amṛtatva-hetutvāt, idaṃ yathoktam, adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādinā paryupāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti śraddadhānāḥ santaḥ mat-paramāḥ yathokto 'ham akṣarātmā paramo niratiśayā gatir yeṣāṃ te mat-paramāḥ, mad-bhaktāś cottamāṃ paramārtha-jñāna-lakṣaṇāṃ bhaktim āśritāḥ, te 'tīva me priyāḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'ty artham [Gītā 7.18] iti yat sūcitaṃ tat vyākhyāyehopasaṃhṛtam bhaktās te 'tīva me priyā iti | yasmād dharmyāmṛtam idaṃ yathoktam anutiṣṭhan bhagavato viṣṇoḥ parameśvarasyātīva priyo bhavati, tasmād idaṃ dharmyāmṛtaṃ mumukṣuṇā yatnato 'nuṣṭheyaṃ viṣṇoḥ priyaṃ paraṃ dhāma jigamiṣuṇeti vākyārthaḥ ||BhGS_12.20||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 13
[*NOTE: Numbering of this adhyaya out of tune with standard editions and probably defective; "13.33" missing!]
atha kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yogo nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
saptame 'dhyāye sūcite dve prakṛtī īśvarasya triguṇātmikāṣṭadhā bhinnāparā saṃsāra-hetutvāt, parā cānyā jīva-bhūtā kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇeśvarātmikā | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-prakṛti-dvaya-nirūpaṇa-dvāreṇa tadvata īśvarasya tattva-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ kṣetrādhyāya ārabhyate | atītānantarādhyāye ca adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ [Gītā 12.13] ity ādinā yāvad-adhyāya-parisamāptis tāvat tattva-jñānināṃ sannyāsināṃ niṣṭhā yathā te vartanta ity etad uktam | kena punas te tattva-jñānena yuktā yathokta-dharmācaraṇād bhagavataḥ priyā bhavanty evam arthaś cāyam adhyāya ārabhyate | prakṛtiś ca triguṇātmikā sarva-kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatā puruṣasya bhogāpavargārtha-kartavyatayā dehendriyādyākāreṇa saṃhanyate | so 'yaṃ saṅghāta idaṃ śarīram | tad etad bhagavān uvāca --
idaṃ śarīraṃ kaunteya kṣetram ity abhidhīyate |
etad yo vetti taṃ prāhuḥ kṣetrajña iti tad-vidaḥ ||BhG_13.1||
idam iti sarva-nāmnoktaṃ viśinaṣṭi śariram iti | he kaunteya ! kṣata-trāṇāt kṣayāt kṣaraṇāt, kṣetravad vāsmin karma-phala-niṣpatteḥ kṣetram iti | iti-śabda evaṃ-śabdedārthakaḥ | kṣetram ity evam abhidhīyate kathyate | etac charīraṃ kṣetraṃ yo vetti vijānāti, āpāda-tala-mastakaṃ jñānena viṣayīkaroti, svābhāvikenaupadeśikena vā vedanena viṣayīkaroti vibhāgaśaḥ, taṃ veditāraṃ prāhuḥ kathayanti kṣetrajña iti | iti-śabdaḥ evaṃ-śabda-padārthaka eva pūrvavat | kṣetrajñaḥ ity evam āhuḥ | ke ? tad-vidas tau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau ye vidanti te tad-vidaḥ ||BhGS_13.1||
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evaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau uktau | kim etāvan-mātreṇa jñānena jñātavyau? iti nety ucyate -
kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu bhārata |
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor jñānaṃ yat taj jñānaṃ mataṃ mama ||BhG_13.2||
kṣetrajñaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ cāpi māṃ parameśvaram asaṃsāriṇaṃ viddhi jānīhi | sarva-kṣetreṣu yaḥ kṣetrajño brahmādi-stamba-paryantāneka-kṣetropādhi-pravibhaktaḥ | taṃ nirasta-sarvopādhi-bhedaṃ sad-asad-ādi-śabda-pratyayāgocaraṃ viddhīty abhiprāyaḥ | he bhārata ! yasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñeśvara-yāthātmya-vyatirekeṇa na jñāna-gocaram anyad avaśiṣṭam asti, tasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor jñeya-bhūtayor yaj jñānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau yena jñānena viṣayīkriyete, taj jñānaṃ samyag-jñānam iti matam abhiprāyaḥ mameśvarasya viṣṇoḥ ||
nanu sarva-kṣetreṣv eka eveśvaraḥ | nānyas tad-vyatirikto bhoktā vidyate cet, tata īśvarasya saṃsāritvaṃ prāptam | īśvara-vyatirekeṇa vā saṃsāriṇo 'nyasyābhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅgaḥ | tac cobhayam aniṣṭam, bandha-mokṣa-tad-dhetu-śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgāt, pratyakṣādi-pramāṇa-virodhāc ca | pratyakṣeṇa tāvat sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāra upalabhyate | jagad-vaicitryopalabdhe ca dharmādharma-nimittaḥ saṃsāro 'numīyate | sarvam etad anupapannam ātmeśvaraikatve | na | jñānājñānayor anyatvenopapatteḥ | dūram ete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā [KaṭhU 1.2.4] tathā tayor vidyāvidyā-viṣayayoḥ phala-bhedo 'pi viruddho nirdiṣṭaḥ - śreyaś ca preyaś ca [KaṭhU 1.2.2] iti | vidyā-viṣayaḥ śreyaḥ, preyas tv avidyā-kāryam iti | tathā ca vyāsaḥ - dvāv imāv atha panthānau [Mbh 12.241.6] ity ādi, imau dvāv eva panthānāv ity ādi ca | iha ca dve niṣṭhe ukte | avidyā ca saha kāryeṇa vidyayā hātavyeti śruti-smṛti-nyāyebhyo 'vagamyate |
śrutayas tāvat - iha ced avedīd atha satyam asti na ced ihāvedīn mahatī vinaṣṭiḥ [KenaU 2.5], tam evaṃ vidvān amṛta iha bhavati [TaittĀ 3.12], nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] vidvān na bibheti kutaścana [TaittU 2.9] |
aviduṣas tu - atha tasya bhayaṃ bhavati [TaittU 2.7], avidyāyām antare vartamānāḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.5], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], anyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda yathā paśur evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] | ātmavid yaḥ sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10], yadā carmavat [ŚvetU 6.20] ity ādyāḥ sahasraśaḥ |
smṛtayaś ca - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ [Gītā 5.25], ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ [Gītā 5.19], samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra [Gītā 13.29] ity ādyāḥ |
nyāyataś ca - sarpān kuśāgrāṇi tathodapānaṃ jñātvā manuṣyāḥ parivarjayanti | ajñānatas tatra patanti kecij jñāne phalaṃ paśya yathā-viśiṣṭam || [Mbh 12.201.17] iti |
tathā ca - dehādiṣu ātma-buddhir avidvān rāga-dveṣādi-prayukto dharmādharmānuṣṭhāna-kṛj jāyate mriyate cety avagamyate | dehādi-vyatiriktātma-darśino rāga-dveṣādi-prahāṇāpekṣa-dharmādharma-pravṛtty-upaśamān mucyanta iti na kenacit pratyākhyātuṃ śakyaṃ nyāyataḥ | tatraivaṃ sati, kṣetrajñasyeśvarasyaiva sato 'vidyā-kṛtopādhi-bhedataḥ saṃsāritvam iva bhavati, yathā dehādy-ātmatvam ātmanaḥ | sarva-jantūnāṃ hi prasiddho dehādiṣv anātmasu ātma-bhāvo niścito 'vidyā-kṛtaḥ, yathā sthāṇau puruṣa-niścayaḥ | na caitāvatā puruṣa-dharmaḥ sthāṇor bhavati, sthāṇu-dharmo vā puruṣasya | tathā na caitanya-dharmo dehasya, deha-dharmo vā cetanasya sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakatvādir ātmano na yuktaḥ | avidyā-kṛtatvāviśeṣāt, jarā-mṛtyuvat |
na, atulyatvāt | iti cet - sthāṇu-puruṣau jñeyāv eva santau jñātrānyonyasminn adhyastāv avidyayā | dehātmanos tu jñeya-jñātror eva itaretarādhyāsaḥ, iti na samo dṛṣṭāntaḥ |
ato deha-dharmo jñeyo 'pi jñātur ātmano bhavatīti cet, na | acaitanyādi-prasaṅgāt | yadi hi jñeyasya dehādeḥ kṣetrasya dharmāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohecchādayo jñātur bhavanti, tarhi, jñeyasya kṣetrasya dharmāḥ kecit ātmano bhavanty avidyādhyāropitāḥ, jarā-maraṇādayas tu na bhavantīti viśeṣa-hetur vaktavyaḥ | na bhavantīty asty anumānam - avidyādhyāropitatvāj jarā-maraṇādivad iti, heyatvāt, upādeyatvāc cety ādi |
tatraivaṃ sati, kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro jñeya-stho jñātary avidyayādhyāropita iti, na tena jñātuḥ kiṃcid duṣyati | yathā bālair adhyāropitenākāśasya tala-malinatvādinā |
evaṃ ca sati, sarva-kṣetreṣv api sato bhagavataḥ kṣetrajñasyeśvarasya saṃsāritva-gandha-mātram api nāśaṅkayam | na hi kvacid api loke 'vidyādhyastena dharmeṇa kasyacid upakāro 'pakāro vā dṛṣṭaḥ |
yat tūktam - na samo dṛṣṭānta iti, tad asat | katham ? avidyādhyāsa-mātraṃ hi dṛṣṭānta-dārṣṭāntikayoḥ sādharmyaṃ vivakṣitam | tan na vyabhicarati | yat tu jñātari vyabhicaratīti manyase, tasyāpy anaikāntikatvaṃ darśitaṃ jarādibhiḥ ||
avidyāvattvāt kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam iti cet, na | avidyāyās tāmasatvāt | tāmaso hi pratyayaḥ, āvaraṇātmakatvād avidyā viparīta-grāhakaḥ, saṃśayopasthāpako vā, agrahaṇātmako vā | viveka-prakāśa-bhāve tad-abhāvāt tāmase cāvaraṇātmake timirādi-doṣe saty agrahaṇāder avidyā-trayasya upalabdheḥ ||
atrāha - evaṃ tarhi jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā | na | karaṇe cakṣuṣi taimirikatvādi-doṣopalabdheḥ | yat tu manyase - jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā, tad eva cāvidyā-dharmavattvaṃ kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam | tatra yad uktam īśvara eva kṣetrajñaḥ, na saṃsārīty etad ayuktam iti, tan na | yathā karaṇe cakṣuṣi viparīta-grāhakādi-doṣasya darśanāt | na viparītādi-grahaṇaṃ tan-nimittaṃ vā taimirikatvādi-doṣo grahītuḥ, cakṣuṣaḥ saṃskāreṇa timire 'panīte grahītur adarśanān na grahītur dharmo yathā | tathā sarvatraivāgrahaṇa-viparīta-saṃśaya-pratyayās tan-nimittāḥ karaṇasyaiva kasyacit bhavitum arhanti, na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya | saṃvedyatvāc ca teṣāṃ pradīpa-prakāśavan na jñātṛ-dharmatvam | saṃvedyatvād eva svātma-vyatirikta-saṃvedyatvam | sarva-karaṇa-viyoge ca kaivalye sarva-vādibhir avidyādi-doṣavat-tvānabhyupagamāt | ātmano yadi kṣetrajñasyāgny-uṣṇavat svo dharmaḥ, tato na kadācid api tena viyogaḥ syāt | avikriyasya ca vyomavat sarva-gatasyāmūrtasya ātmanaḥ kenacit saṃyoga-viyogānupapatteḥ, siddhaṃ kṣetrajñasya nityam eveśvaratvam | anāditvān nirguṇatvād [Gītā 13.32] ity ādīśvara-vacanāc ca ||
nanv evaṃ sati saṃsāra-saṃsāritvābhāve śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣaḥ syād iti cet, na | sarvair abhyupagatatvāt | sarvair hy ātma-vādibhir abhyupagato doṣo naikena parihartavyo bhavati | katham abhyupagata iti ? muktātmanāṃ hi saṃsāra-saṃsāritva-vyavahārābhāvaḥ sarvair eva ātma-vādibhir iṣyate | na ca teṣāṃ śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣa-prāptir abhyupagatā | tathā naḥ kṣetrajñānām īśvaraikatve sati, śāstrānarthakyaṃ bhavatu | avidyā-viṣaye cārthavattvam - yathā dvaitināṃ sarveṣāṃ bandhāvasthāyām eva śāstrādy-arthavattvam, na muktāvasthāyām, evam ||
nanv ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe paramārthata eva vastu-bhūte dvaitināṃ sarveṣām | ato heyopādeya-tat-sādhana-sad-bhāve śāstrādy-arthavattvaṃ syāt | advaitināṃ punaḥ, dvaitasyāparamārthatvāt, avidyā-kṛtatvād bandhāvasthāyāś cātmano 'paramārthatve nirviṣayatvāt, śāstrādyānarthakyam iti cet, na | ātmano 'vasthā-bhedānupapatteḥ | yadi tāvat ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe, yugapat syātām, krameṇa vā | yugapat tāvat virodhān na saṃbhavataḥ sthiti-gatī ivaikasmin | krama-bhāvitve ca, nirnimittatvaṃ sa-nimittatvaṃ vā ? nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgaḥ | sa-nimittatve ca svato 'bhāvāt aparamārthatva-prasaṅgaḥ | tathā ca saty abhyupagama-hāniḥ |
kiṃ ca, bandha-muktāvasthayoḥ paurvāparya-nirūpaṇāyāṃ bandhāvasthā pūrvaṃ prakalpyā, anādimaty antavatī ca | tac ca pramāṇa-viruddham | tathā mokṣāvasthādimaty anantā ca pramāṇa-viruddhaivābhyupagamyate | na cāvasthāvato 'vasthāntaraṃ gacchato nityatvam upapādayituṃ śakyam | athānityatva-doṣa-parihārāya bandha-muktāvasthā-bhedo na kalpyate | ato dvaitinām api śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣo 'parihārya eva | iti samānatvān nādvaita-vādinā parihartavyo doṣaḥ ||
na ca śāstrānarthakyam, yathā-prasiddhāvidvat-puruṣa-viṣayatvāc chāstrasya | aviduṣāṃ hi phala-hetvor anātmanor ātma-darśanam, na viduṣām | viduṣāṃ hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśane sati, tayor aham ity ātma-darśanānupapatteḥ | na hy atyanta-mūḍha unmattādir api jalāgnyoś chāyā-prakāśayor vaikātmyaṃ paśyati | kim uta vivekī | tasmān na vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstraṃ tāvat phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśino bhavati | na hi "devadatta, tvam idaṃ kuru" iti kasmiṃścit karmaṇi niyukte, "viṣṇumitro 'haṃ niyuktaḥ" iti tatra-stho niyogaṃ sṛṇvann api pratipadyate | viyoga-viṣaya-vivekāgrahaṇāt tūpapadyate pratipattiḥ | tathā phala-hetvor api ||
nanu prākṛta-saṃbandhāpekṣayā yuktaiva pratipattiḥ śāstrārtha-viṣayā - phala-hetubhyām anyātma-viṣaya-darśane 'pi sati - iṣṭa-phala-hetau pravartito 'smi, aniṣṭa-phala-hetoś ca nivartito 'smīti | yathā pitṛ-putrādīnām itaretarātmānyatva-darśane saty apy anyonya-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtha-pratipattiḥ | na | vyatiriktātma-darśana-pratipatteḥ prāg eva phala-hetvor ātmābhimānasya siddhatvāt | pratipanna-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtho hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatvaṃ pratipadyate, na pūrvam | tasmād vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstram avidvad-viṣayam iti siddham ||
nanu svarga-kāmo yajeta [Ap.Śr.S. 10.2.1] na kalañjaṃ bhakṣayed ity ādāv ātma-vyatireka-darśinām apravṛttau, kevala-dehādy-ātma-dṛṣṭīnāṃ ca | ataḥ kartur abhāvāc chāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | yathā-prasiddhita eva pravṛtti-nivṛtty-upapatteḥ | īśvara-kṣetrajñaikatva-darśī brahma-vit tāvan na pravartate | tathā nairātmyavādy api nāsti para-loka iti na pravartate | yathā-prasiddhitas tu vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstra-śravaṇānyathānupapattyānumitātmāstitva ātma-viśeṣānabhijñaḥ karma-phala-saṃjāta-tṛṣṇaḥ śraddadhānatayā ca pravartate | iti sarveṣāṃ na pratyakṣam | ato na śāstrānarthakyam ||
vivekinām apravṛtti-darśanāt tad-anugāminām apravṛttau śāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | kasyacid eva vivekopapatteḥ | anekeṣu hi prāṇiṣu kaścid eva vivekī syāt, yathedānīm | na ca vivekinam anuvartante mūḍhāḥ, rāgādi-doṣa-tantratvāt pravṛtteḥ, abhicaraṇādau ca pravṛtti-darśanāt, svābhāvyāc ca pravṛtteḥ | svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti hi uktam ||
tasmāt avidyā-mātraṃ saṃsāro yathā-dṛṣṭa-viṣaya eva | na kṣetrajñasya kevalasyāvidyā tat-kāryaṃ ca | na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ paramārtha-vastu dūṣayituṃ samartham | na hy ūṣara-deśaṃ snehena paṅkī-kartuṃ śaknoti marīcy-udakam | tathāvidyā kṣetrajñasya na kiṃcit kartuṃ śaknoti | ataś cedam uktam - kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi | ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānam [Gītā 5.15] iti ca ||
atha kim idaṃ saṃsāriṇām ivāham evam mamaivedam iti paṇḍitānām api ? sṛṇu | idaṃ tat pāṇḍityam, yat kṣetra evātma-darśanam | yadi punaḥ kṣetrajñam avikriyaṃ paśyeyus tato na bhogaṃ karma vākāṅkṣeyur mama syād iti | vikriyaiva bhoga-karmaṇī | athaivaṃ sati, phalārthitvād avidvān pravartate | viduṣaḥ punar avikriyātma-darśinaḥ phalārthitvābhāvāt pravṛtty-anupapattau kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāta-vyāpāroparame nivṛttir upacaryate ||
idaṃ cānyat pāṇḍityaṃ kasyacid astu - kṣetrajña īśvara eva | kṣetraṃ cānyat kṣetrajñasyaiva viṣayaḥ | ahaṃ tu saṃsārī sukhī duḥkhī ca | saṃsāroparamaś ca mama kartavyaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-vijñānena, dhyānena ceśvaraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sākṣāt kṛtvā tat-svarūpāvasthāneneti | yaś caivaṃ budhyate, yaś ca bodhayati, nāsau kṣetrajña iti | evaṃ manvāno yaḥ sa paṇḍitāpaśabdaḥ | saṃsāra-mokṣayoḥ śāstrasya cārthavattvaṃ karomīti | ātmahā svayaṃ mūḍho 'nyāṃ ca vyāmohayati śāstrārtha-saṃpradāya-rahitatvāt, śruta-hānim aśruta-kalpanāṃ ca kurvan | tasmāt asaṃpradāya-vit sarva-śāstra-vid api mūrkhavad eva upekṣaṇīyaḥ ||
yat tūktam īśvarasya kṣetrajñaikatve saṃsāritvaṃ prāpnoti | kṣetrajñānāṃ ceśvaraikatve saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga iti | etau doṣau pratyuktau vidyāvidyayor vailakṣaṇyābhyupagamād iti | katham ? avidyā-parikalpita-doṣeṇa tad-viṣayaṃ vastu pāramārthikaṃ na duṣyatīti | tathā ca dṛṣṭanto darśitaḥ - marīcy-ambhasā ūṣara-deśo na paṅkīkriyata iti | saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga-doṣo 'pi saṃsāra-saṃsāriṇor avidyā-kalpitatvopapattyā pratyuktaḥ ||
nanu avidyāvattvam eva kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritva-doṣaḥ | tat-kṛtaṃ ca sukhitva-duḥkhitvādi pratyakṣam upalabhyate iti cet, na | jñeyasya kṣetra-dharmatvāt, jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya tat-kṛta-doṣānupapatteḥ | yāvat kiṃcit kṣetrajñasya doṣa-jātam avidyamānam āsañjayasi, tasya jñeyatvopapatteḥ kṣetra-dharmatvam eva, na kṣetrajña-dharmatvam | na ca tena kṣetrajño duṣyati, jñeyena jñātuḥ saṃsargānupapatteḥ | yadi hi saṃsargaḥ syāt, jñeyatvam eva nopapadyeta | yady ātmano dharmo 'vidyāvattvaṃ duḥkhitvādi ca kathaṃ bhoḥ pratyakṣam upalabhyate | kathaṃ vā kṣetrajña-dharmaḥ | jñeyaṃ ca sarvaṃ kṣetraṃ jñātaiva kṣetrajña ity avadhārite, avidyā-duḥkhitvādeḥ kṣetrajña-viśeṣaṇatvaṃ kṣetrajña-dharmatvaṃ tasya ca pratyakṣopalabhyatvam iti viruddham ucyate 'vidyā-mātrāvaṣṭambhāt kevalam ||
atrāha - sāvidyā kasya ? iti | yasya dṛśyate tasyaiva | kasya dṛśyate ? iti | atrocyate - avidyā kasya dṛśyate iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | katham ? dṛśyate ced avidyā, tadvantam api paśyasi | na ca tadvaty upalabhyamāne sā kasya ? iti praśno yuktaḥ | na hi gomati upalabhyamāne gāvaḥ kasya ? iti praśno 'rthavān bhavati |
nanu viṣamo dṛṣṭāntaḥ | gavāṃ tadvataś ca pratyakṣatvāt tat-saṃbandho 'pi pratyakṣa iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | na tathāvidyā tadvāṃś ca pratyakṣau, yataḥ praśno nirarthakaḥ syāt | apratyakṣeṇāvidyāvatāvidyā-saṃbandhe jñāte, kiṃ tava syāt ? avidyāyā anartha-hetutvāt parihartavyā syāt | yasyāvidyā, sa tāṃ parihariṣyati |
nanu mamaivāvidyā | jānāsi tarhy avidyāṃ tadvantaṃ ca ātmānam | jānāmi, na tu pratyakṣeṇa | anumānenaś cej jānāsi, kathaṃ saṃbandhagrahaṇam ? na hi tava jñātuḥ jñeya-bhūtayāvidyayā tat-kāle saṃbandho grahītuṃ śakyate, avidyāyā viṣayatvenaiva jñātur upayuktatvāt | na ca jñātur avidyāyā ca saṃbandhasya yo grahītā, jñānaṃ cānyat tad-viṣayaṃ saṃbhavati | anavasthā-prāpteḥ | yadi jñātrāpi jñeya-saṃbandho jñāyate, anyo jñātā kalpyaḥ syāt, tasyāpy anyaḥ, tasyāpy anyaḥ ity anavasthāparihāryā | yadi punar avidyā jñeyā, anyad vā jñeyaṃ jñeyam eva | tathā jñātāpi jñātaiva, na jñeyaṃ bhavati | yadā caivam, avidyā-duḥkhitvādyair na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya kiṃcit duṣyati ||
nanu ayam eva doṣaḥ, yat doṣavat-kṣetra-vijñātṛtvam | na ca vijñāna-svarūpasyaivāvikriyasya vijñātṛtvopacārāt | yathoṣṇatā-mātreṇāgnes tapti-kriyopacāraḥ, tadvat | yathātra bhagavatā kriyākāraka-phalātmatvābhāva ātmani svata eva darśitaḥ - avidyādhyāropita eva kriyā-kārakādir ātmany upacaryate | tathā tatra tatra ya enaṃ vetti hantāram [Gītā 2.19], prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ [Gītā 3.27], nādatte kasyacit pāpam [Gītā 5.15] ity ādi-prakaraṇeṣu darśitaḥ | tathaiva ca vyākhyātam asmābhiḥ | uttareṣu ca prakaraṇeṣu darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
hanta ! tarhy ātmani kriyā-kāraka-phalātmatāyāḥ svato 'bhāve, avidyayā cādhyāropitatve, karmāṇy avidvat-kartavyāny eva, na viduṣām iti prāptam | satyam evaṃ prāptam, etad eva ca na hi deha-bhṛtā śakyam ity atra darśayiṣyāmaḥ | sarva-śāstrārthopasaṃhāra-prakaraṇe ca samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ity atra viśeṣato darśayiṣyāmaḥ | alam iha bahu-prapañcanena, iti upasaṃhriyate ||BhGS_13.2||
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idaṃ śarīram [Gītā 13.2] ity-ādi-ślokopadiṣṭasya kṣetrādhyāyārthasya saṃgraha-śloko 'yam upanyasyate tat kṣetraṃ yac cety ādi, vyācikhyāsitasya hy arthasya saṃgrahopanyāso nyāyya iti -
tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca yad-vikāri yataś ca yat |
sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś ca tat samāsena me śṛṇu ||BhG_13.3||
yan nirdiṣṭam idaṃ śarīram iti tat tac-chabdena parāmṛśati | yac ca idaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ kṣetraṃ tat yādṛk yādṛśaṃ svakīyair dharmaiḥ | ca-śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ | yad-vikāri yo vikāro yasya tat yad-vikāri, yato yasmāc ca yat, kāryam utpadyate iti vākya-śeṣaḥ | sa ca yaḥ kṣetrajño nirdiṣṭaḥ sa yat-prabhāvo ye prabhāvā upādhi-kṛtāḥ śaktayo yasya sa yat-prabhāvaś ca | tat kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yāthātmyaṃ yathā-viśeṣitaṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa me mama vākyataḥ śṛṇu | śrutvāvadhāraya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.3||
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tat kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ vivakṣitaṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-prarocanārtham -
ṛṣibhir bahudhā gītaṃ chandobhir vividhaiḥ pṛthak |
brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva hetumadbhir viniścitaiḥ ||BhG_13.4||
ṛṣibhir vasiṣṭhādibhir bahudhā bahu-prakāraṃ gītaṃ kathitam | chandobhiś chandāṃsi ṛg-ādīni taiś chandobhir vividhair nānā-bhāvair nānā-prakāraiḥ pṛthag vivekato gītam | kiṃ ca, brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva brahmaṇaḥ sūcakāni vākyāni brahma-sūtrāṇi taiḥ padyate gamyate jñāyata iti tāni padāny ucyante tair eva ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyam gītam ity anuvartate | ātmety evopāsīta ity evam ādibhir brahma-sūtra-padair ātmā jñāyate | hetumadbhir yukti-yuktair viniścitair niḥsaṃśaya-rūpair niścita-pratyayotpādakair ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.4||
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stutyābhimukhībhūtāyārjunāyāha bhagavān -
mahā-bhūtāny ahaṃkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ ||BhG_13.5||
mahā-bhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarva-vikāra-vyāpakatvād bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi | sthūlāni tv indriya-gocara-śabdenābhidhāyiṣyante | ahaṃkāro mahā-bhūta-kāraṇam ahaṃ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ | ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ buddhir adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā | tat-kāraṇam avyaktam eva ca, na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvara-śaktir mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | eva-śabdaḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārtha etāvaty evāṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | indriyāṇi daśa, śrotrādīni pañca buddhy-utpādakatvād buddhīndriyāṇi | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni pañca karma-nirvartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi | tāni daśa | ekaṃ ca | kiṃ tat ? mana ekādaśaṃ saṃkalpādyātmakam | pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | tāny etāni sāṃkhyāś catur-viṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣate ||BhGS_13.5||
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athedānīṃ ātma-guṇāḥ iti yān ācakṣate vaiśeṣikās te 'pi kṣetra-dharmā eva, na tu kṣetrajñasyety āha bhagavān -
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ |
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāram udāhṛtam ||BhG_13.6||
icchā yaj-jātīyaṃ sukha-hetum artham upalabdhavān pūrvam, punas taj-jātīyam upalabhamānas tam ādātum icchati sukha-hetur iti | seyaṃ icchāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmo jñeyatvāt kṣetram | tathā dveṣaḥ, yaj-jātīyam arthaṃ duḥkha-hetutvenānubhūtavān, punas taj-jātīyam artham upalabhamānas taṃ dveṣṭi | so 'yaṃ dveṣo jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | tathā sukham anukūlaṃ prasanna-sattvātmakaṃ jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | duḥkhaṃ pratikūlātmakam | jñeyatvāt tad api kṣetram | saṃghāto dehendriyāṇāṃ saṃhatiḥ | tasyām abhivyaktāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ, tapta iva loha-piṇḍe 'gniḥ | ātma-caitanyābhāsa-rasa-viddhā cetanā | sā ca kṣetraṃ jñeyatvāt | dhṛtir yayāvasāda-prāptāni dehendriyāṇi dhriyante | sā ca jñeyatvāt kṣetram | sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmopalakṣaṇārtham icchādi-grahaṇam | yata uktam upasaṃharati - etad iti | etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāraṃ saha vikāreṇa mahad-ādinā udāhṛtam uktam ||BhGS_13.6||
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yasya kṣetra-bheda-jātasya saṃhatiḥ idaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram [Gītā 13.2] ity uktam | tat kṣetraṃ vyākhyātaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-bheda-bhinnaṃ dhṛty-antam | kṣetrajño vakṣyamāṇa-viśeṣaṇaḥ - yasya sa-prabhāvasya kṣetrajñasya parijñānād amṛtatvaṃ bhavati, tam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty ādinā sa-viśeṣaṇaṃ svayam eva vakṣyati bhagavān | adhunā tu taj-jñāna-sādhana-gaṇam amānitvādi-lakṣaṇam, yasmin sati taj-jñeya-vijñāne yogyo 'dhikṛto bhavati, yat-paraḥ saṃnyāsī jñāna-niṣṭha ucyate, tam amānitvādi-gaṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanatvāj jñāna-śabda-vācyaṃ vidadhāti bhagavān -
amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsā kṣāntir ārjavam |
ācāryopāsanaṃ śaucaṃ sthairyam ātma-vinigrahaḥ ||BhG_13.7||
amānitvaṃ mānino bhāvaḥ mānitvam ātmano ślāghanam, tad-abhāvo 'mānitvam | adambhitvaṃ sva-dharma-prakaṭīkaraṇaṃ dambhitvam, tad-abhāvo 'dambhitvam | ahiṃsā hiṃsanaṃ prāṇinām apīḍānam | kṣāntiḥ parāparādha-prāptāv avikriyā | ārjavam ṛju-bhāvo 'vakratvam | ācāryopāsanaṃ mokṣa-sādhanopadeṣṭur ācāryasya śuśrūṣādi-prayogeṇa sevanam | śaucaṃ kāya-malānāṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ prakṣālanam | antaś ca manasaḥ pratipakṣa-bhāvanayā rāgādi-malānām apanayanaṃ śaucam | sthairyaṃ sthira-bhāvaḥ, mokṣa-mārga eva kṛtādhyavasāyatvam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano 'pakārakasya ātma-śabda-vācyasya kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātasya vinigrahaḥ svabhāvena sarvataḥ pravṛttasya san-mārga eva nirodha ātma-vinigrahaḥ ||BhGS_13.7||
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kiṃ ca -
indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam anahaṃkāra eva ca |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam ||BhG_13.8||
indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu virāga-bhāvo vairāgyam | anahaṃkāro 'haṃkārābhāva eva ca | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanaṃ janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca vyādhayaś ca duḥkhāni ca teṣu janmādi-duḥkhānteṣu pratyekaṃ doṣānudarśanam | janmani garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-niḥsaraṇaṃ doṣaḥ, tasyānudarśanam ālocanam | tathā mṛtyau doṣānudarśanam | tathā jarāyāṃ prajñā-śakti-tejo-nirodha-doṣānudarśanaṃ paribhūtatā ceti | tathā vyādhiṣu śiro-rogādiṣu doṣānudarśanam | tathā duḥkheṣu adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaiva-nimitteṣu | athavā duḥkhāny eva doṣo duḥkha-doṣas tasya janmādiṣu pūrvavad anudarśanam | duḥkhaṃ janma, duḥkhaṃ mṛtyuḥ, duḥkhaṃ jarā, duḥkhaṃ vyādhayaḥ | duḥkha-nimittatvāj janmādayo duḥkham, na punaḥ svarūpeṇaiva duḥkham iti | evaṃ janmādiṣu duḥkha-doṣānudarśanād dehendriyādi-viṣaya-bhogeṣu vairāgyam upajāyate | tataḥ pratyag-ātmani pravṛttiḥ karaṇānām ātma-darśanāya | evaṃ jñāna-hetutvāj jñānam ucyate janmādi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam ||BhGS_13.8||
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kiṃ ca -
asaktir anabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu |
nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvam iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu ||BhG_13.9||
asaktiḥ saktiḥ saṅga-nimitteṣu viṣayeṣu prīti-mātram, tad-abhāvo 'saktiḥ | anabhiṣvaṅgo 'bhiṣvaṅgābhāvaḥ | abhiṣvaṅgo nāma āsakti-viśeṣa evānanyātma-bhāvanā-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathānyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vāham eva sukhī, duḥkhī ca, jīvati mṛte vāham eva jīvāmi mariṣyāmi ceti | kva ? ity āha - putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu | putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣv ādi-grahaṇād anyeṣv apy atyanteṣṭeṣu dāsa-vargādiṣu | tac cobhayaṃ jñānārthatvāj jñānam ucyate | nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvaṃ tulya-cittatā | kva ? iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣv iṣṭānām aniṣṭānāṃ copapattayaḥ saṃprāptayas tāsv iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu nityam eva tulya-cittatā | iṣṭopapattiṣu na hṛṣyati, na kupyati cāniṣṭopapattiṣu | tac caitan nityaṃ sama-cittatvaṃ jñānam ||BhGS_13.9||
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kiṃ ca -
mayi cānanya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicāriṇī |
vivikta-deśa-sevitvam aratir jana-saṃsadi ||BhG_13.10||
mayi ceśvare 'nanya-yogena apṛthak-samādhinā nānyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paro 'sti, ataḥ sa eva no gatir ity evaṃ niścitāvyabhicāriṇī buddhir ananya-yogaḥ, tena bhajanaṃ bhaktir na vyabhicaraṇa-śīlā avyabhicāriṇī | sā ca jñānam | vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṃskāreṇa vāśucy-ādibhiḥ sarpa-vyāghrādibhiś ca rahito 'raṇya-nadī-pulina-deva-gṛhādibhir vivikto deśaḥ, taṃ sevituṃ śīlam asyeti vivikta-deśa-sevī, tad-bhāvo vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | vivikteṣu hi deśeṣu cittaṃ prasīdati yatas tataḥ ātmādi-bhāvanā vivikta upajāyate | ato vivakta-deśa-sevitvaṃ jñānam ucyate | aratir aramaṇaṃ jana-saṃsadi | janānāṃ prākṛtānāṃ saṃskāra-śūnyānām avinītānāṃ saṃsat samavāyo jana-saṃsat | na saṃskāravatāṃ vinītānāṃ saṃsat | tasyā jñānopakārakatvāt | ataḥ prākṛta-jana-saṃsady aratir jñānārthatvāj jñānam ||BhGS_13.10||
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kiṃ ca -
adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam |
etaj jñānam iti proktam ajñānaṃ yad ato 'nyathā ||BhG_13.11||
adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvam ātmādi-viṣayaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam, tasmin nitya-bhāvo nityatvam | amānitvādīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bhāvanā-paripāka-nimittaṃ tattva-jñānam, tasyārtho mokṣaḥ saṃsāroparamaḥ | tasyālocanaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam | tattva-jñāna-phalālocane hi tat-sādhanānuṣṭhāne pravṛttiḥ syād iti | etad amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam uktaṃ jñānam iti proktaṃ jñānārthatvāt | ajñānaṃ yad ato 'smād yathoktād anyathā viparyayeṇa | mānitvaṃ dambhitvaṃ hiṃsā kṣāntir anārjavam ity ādy ajñānaṃ vijñeyaṃ pariharaṇāya, saṃsāra-pravṛtti-kāraṇatvād iti ||BhGS_13.11||
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yathoktena jñānena jñātavyaṃ kim ? ity ākāṅkṣāyām āha -
jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute |
anādimat paraṃ brahma na sat tan nāsad ucyate ||BhG_13.12||
nanu yamāḥ niyamāś cāmānitvādayaḥ | na tair jñeyaṃ jñāyate | na hy amānitvādi kasyacit vastunaḥ paricchedakaṃ dṛṣṭam | sarvatraiva ca yad-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ tad eva tasya jñeyasya paricchedakaṃ dṛśyate | na hy anya-viṣayeṇa jñānenānyad upalabhyate, yathā ghaṭa-viṣayeṇa jñānenāgniḥ | naiṣa doṣaḥ | jñāna-nimittatvāj jñānam ucyata iti hy avocāma | jñāna-sahakāri-kāraṇatvāc ca | jñeyaṃ jñātavyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa yathāvat vakṣyāmi | kiṃ-phalaṃ tat ? iti prarocanena śrotur abhimukhīkaraṇāyāha - yaj jñeyaṃ jñātvāmṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute, na punar mriyata ity arthaḥ | anādimat ādir asyāstīti ādimat, nādimad anādimat | kiṃ tat ? paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma, jñeyam iti prakṛtam |
atra kecit anādi mat-param iti padaṃ chindanti, bahu-vrīhiṇokte 'rthe matupa ānarthakyam aniṣṭaṃ syād iti | artha-viśeṣaṃ ca darśayanti - ahaṃ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktir yasya tan mat-param iti | satyam evam apunar-uktaṃ syāt | arthaś cet saṃbhavati | na tv arthaḥ saṃbhavati, brahmaṇaḥ sarva-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva vijijñāpayiṣitvān na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | viśiṣṭa-śaktimattva-pradarśanaṃ viśeṣa-pratiṣedhaś ceti vipratiṣiddham | tasmāt matupo bahu-vrīhiṇā samānārthatve 'pi prayogo śloka-pūraṇārthaḥ | amṛtatva-phalaṃ jñeyaṃ mayocyata iti prarocanenābhimukhīkṛtyāha - na sat taj jñeyam ucyate iti nāpy asat tad ucyate ||
nanu mahatā parikara-bandhena kaṇṭha-raveṇodghuṣya jñeyaṃ pravakṣyāmīti, ananurūpam uktaṃ na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na, anurūpam evoktam | katham ? sarvāsu hy upaniṣatsu jñeyaṃ brahma neti neti [BAU 2.3.6] asthūlam anaṇu [BAU 3.8.8] ity ādi-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva nirdiśyate, nedaṃ tad iti vāco 'gocatvāt ||
nanu na tad asti, yad vastv asti-śabdena nocyate | athāsti-śabdena nocyate, nāsti taj jñeyam | vipratiṣiddhaṃ ca - jñeyaṃ tad asti-śabdena nocyate iti ca | na tāvan nāsti, nāsti-buddhy-aviṣayatvāt ||
nanu sarvā buddhayo 'sti-nāsti-buddhy-anugatā eva | tatraivaṃ sati jñeyam apy asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | na, atīndriyatvenobhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyayāviṣayatvāt | yad dhīndriya-gamyaṃ vastu ghaṭādikam, tad asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | idaṃ tu jñeyam atīndriyatvena śabdaika-pramāṇa-gamyatvān na ghaṭādivad ubhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayam ity ato na sat tan nāsad ity ucyate ||
yat tūktam - viruddham ucyate, jñeyaṃ tan na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na viruddham, anyad eva tad-viditād atho aviditād adhi [KenaU 1.3] iti śruteḥ | śrutir api viruddhārthā iti cet - yathā yajñāya śālām ārabhya yajñam ko hi tad veda yady amuṣmin loke 'sti vā na veti [TaittS 6.1.1] ity evam iti cet, na | viditāviditābhyām anyatva-śruter avaśya-vijñeyārtha-pratipādana-paratvāt yady amuṣmin ity ādi tu vidhi-śeṣo 'rtha-vādaḥ | upapatteś ca sad-asad-ādi-śabdair brahma nocyata iti |
sarvo hi śabdo 'rtha-prakāśanāya prayuktaḥ śrūyamāṇaś ca śrotṛbhir jāti-kriyā-guṇa-saṃbandha-dvāreṇa saṃketa-grahaṇa-sa-vyapekṣārthaṃ pratyāyayati | nānyathā, adṛṣṭatvāt | tad yathā - gaur aśva iti vā jātitaḥ, pacati paṭhatīti vā kriyātaḥ, śuklaḥ kṛṣṇa iti vā guṇataḥ, dhanī gomān iti vā saṃbandhataḥ | na tu brahma jātimat, ato na sad-ādi-śabda-vācyam | nāpi guṇavat, yena guṇa-śabdenocyeta, nirguṇatvāt | nāpi kriyā-śabda-vācyaṃ niṣkriyatvān niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam [ŚvetU 6.19] iti śruteḥ | na ca saṃbandhī, ekatvāt | advayatvād aviṣayatvād ātmatvāc ca na kenacit, śabdenocyata iti yuktam | yato vāco nivartante [TaittU 2.9] ity ādi-śrutibhiś ca ||BhGS_13.12||
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sac-chabda-pratyayāviṣayatvād asattvāśaṅkāyāṃ jñeyasya sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇa tad-astitvaṃ pratipādayan tad-āśaṅkā-nivṛtty-artham āha -
sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham |
sarvataḥ śrutimal loke sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati ||BhG_13.13||
sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ sarvataḥ pāṇayaḥ pādāś cāsyeti sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj jñeyam | sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhibhiḥ kṣetrajñasyāstitvaṃ vibhāvyate | kṣetrajñaś ca kṣetropādhita ucyate | kṣetraṃ ca pāṇi-pādādibhir anekadhā bhinnam | kṣetropādhi-bheda-kṛtaṃ viśeṣa-jātaṃ mithyaiva kṣetrajñasya, iti tad-apanayanena jñeyatvam uktam na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | upādhi-kṛtaṃ mithyā-rūpam apy astitvādhigamāya jñeya-dharmavat parikalpya ucyate sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādam ity ādi | tathā hi saṃpradāya-vidāṃ vacanam - adhyāropāpavādābhyāṃ niṣprapañcaṃ prapañcyate iti | sarvatra sarva-dehāvayavatvena gamyamānāḥ pāṇi-pādādayo jñeya-śakti-sad-bhāva-nimitta-svakāryā iti jñeya-sad-bhāve liṅgāni jñeyasyeti upacārata ucyante | tathā vyākhyeyam anyat | sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj jñeyam | sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukhaṃ sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham | sarvataḥ śrutimat | śrutiḥ śravaṇendriyam, tat yasya tat śrutimat | loke prāṇi-nikāye | sarvam āvṛtya saṃvyāpya tiṣṭhati sthitiṃ labhate ||BhGS_13.13||
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upādhibhūta-pāṇi-pādādīndriyādhyāropaṇāj jñeyasya tadvattāśaṅkā mā bhūd ity evam arthaḥ ślokārambhaḥ -
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vivarjitam |
asaktaṃ sarva-bhṛc caiva nirguṇaṃ guṇa-bhoktṛ ca ||BhG_13.14||
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvāṇi ca tānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni buddhīndriya-karmendriyākhyāni, antaḥ-karaṇe ca buddhi-manasī, jñeyopādhitvasya tulyatvāt, sarvendriya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | api ca, antaḥ-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇaiva śrotrādīnām api upādhitvam ity ato 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇopādhi-bhūtaiḥ sarvendriya-guṇair adhyavasāya-saṃkalpa-śravaṇa-vacanādibhir avabhāsate iti sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vyāpārair vyāpṛtam iva taj jñeyam ity arthaḥ | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti śruteḥ |
kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān na vyāpṛtam eveti gṛhyata ity ataḥ āha - sarvendriya-vivarjitam, sarva-karaṇa-rahitam ity arthaḥ | ato na karaṇa-vyāpāraiḥ vyāpṛtaṃ taj jñeyam | yas tv ayaṃ mantraḥ - apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa sṛṇoty akarṇaḥ [ŚvetU 3.19] ity ādiḥ | sa sarvendriyopādhi-guṇānuguṇya-bhajana-śaktimat taj jñeyam ity evaṃ pradarśanārthaḥ, na tu sākṣād eva javanādi-kriyāvattva-pradarśanārthaḥ | andho maṇim avindad [TaittĀ 1.11] ity ādi-mantrārthavat tasya mantrasyārthaḥ | yasmāt sarva-karaṇa-varjitaṃ jñeyam, tasmād asaktaṃ sarva-saṃśleṣavarjitam | yadyapy evam, tathāpi sarva-bhṛc caiva | sad-āspadaṃ hi sarvaṃ sarvatra sad-buddhy-anugamāt | na hi mṛgatṛṣṇikādayo 'pi nirāspadā bhavanti | ataḥ sarva-bhṛt sarvaṃ bibhartīti | syād idaṃ cānyaj jñeyasya sattvādhigama-dvāram - nirguṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi guṇās tair varjitaṃ taj jñeyam, tathāpi guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ śabdādi-dvāreṇa sukha-duḥkha-mohākāra-pariṇatānāṃ bhoktṛ copalabdhṛ ca taj jñeyam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.14||
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kiṃ ca -
bahir antaś ca bhūtānām acaraṃ caram eva ca |
sūkṣmatvāt tad avijñeyaṃ dūra-sthaṃ cāntike ca tat ||BhG_13.15||
bahis tvak-paryantaṃ deham ātmatvenāvidyā-kalpitam apekṣya tam evāvavadhiṃ kṛtvā bahir ucyate | tathā pratyag-ātmānam apekṣya deham evāvadhiṃ kṛtvā antar ucyate | bahir antaś cety ukte madhye 'bhāve prāpte, idam ucyate - acaraṃ caram eva ca, yac carācaraṃ dehābhāsam api tad eva jñeyaṃ, yathā rajju-sarpābhāsaḥ |
yady acaraṃ caram eva ca syāt vyavahāra-viṣayaṃ sarvaṃ jñeyam, kim-artham idam iti sarvair na vijñeyam ? ity ucyate - satyaṃ sarvābhāsaṃ tat | tathāpi vyomavat sūkṣmam | ataḥ sūkṣmatvāt svena rūpeṇa taj jñeyam apy avijñeyam aviduṣām | viduṣāṃ tu, ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 7.25.2] brahmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 2.5.1] ity ādi-pramāṇato nityaṃ vijñātam | avijñātatayā dūra-sthaṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aviduṣām aprāpyatvāt | antike ca tat, ātmatvād viduṣām ||BhGS_13.15||
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kiṃ ca -
avibhaktaṃ ca bhūteṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitam |
bhūta-bhartṛ ca taj jñeyaṃ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca ||BhG_13.16||
avibhaktaṃ ca pratidehaṃ vyomavat tad ekam | bhūteṣu sarva-prāṇiṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitaṃ deheṣv eva vibhāvyamānatvāt | bhūta-bhartṛ ca bhūtāni bibharti taj jñeyaṃ bhūta-bhartṛ ca sthiti-kāle | pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlam | utpatti-kāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavana-śīlaṃ yathā rajjvādiḥ sarpāder mithyā-kalpitasya ||BhGS_13.16||
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kiṃ ca, sarvatra vidyamānam api san nopalabhyate cet, jñeyaṃ tamas tarhi ? na | kiṃ tarhi ? -
jyotiṣām api taj jyotis tamasaḥ param ucyate |
jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ jñāna-gamyaṃ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ||BhG_13.17||
jyotiṣām ādity-ādīnām api taj jñeyaṃ jyotiḥ | ātma-caitanya-jyotiṣeddhāni hy ādity-ādīni jyotīṃṣi dīpyante, yena sūryas tapati tejaseddhaḥ [TaittBr 3.12.9], tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [ŚvetU 6.14] īty ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | smṛte ca ihaiva - yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.12] ity ādeḥ | tamaso 'jñānāt param aspṛṣṭam ucyate | jñānāder duḥsaṃpādana-buddhyā prāptāvasādasyottambhanārtham āha - jñānam amānitvādi | jñeyam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty [Gītā 13.13] ādinoktam | jñāna-gamyam jñeyam eva jñātaṃ saj jñāna-phalam iti jñāna-gamyam ucyate | jñāyamānaṃ tu jñeyam | tad etat trayam api hṛdi buddhau sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya viṣṭhitaṃ viśeṣeṇa sthitam | tatraiva hi trayaṃ vibhāvyate ||BhGS_13.17||
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yathoktārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
iti kṣetraṃ tathā jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ coktaṃ samāsataḥ |
mad-bhakta etad vijñāya mad-bhāvāyopapadyate ||BhG_13.18||
ity evaṃ kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ, tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattva-jñānārtha-darśana-paryantaṃ, jñeyaṃ ca jñeyaṃ yat tat ity ādi tamasaḥ param ucyate ity evam antam uktaṃ samāsataḥ saṃkṣepataḥ | etāvān sarvo hi vedārtho gītārthaś copasaṃhṛtyoktaḥ | asmin samyag-darśane ko 'dhikriyate ? ity ucyate - mad-bhakto mayīśvare sarvajñe parama-gurau vāsudeve samarpita-sarvātma-bhāvo yat paśyati śṛṇoti spṛśati vā sarvam eva bhagavān vāsudevaḥ ity evaṃ-grahāviṣṭa-buddhir mad-bhaktaḥ sa etad yathoktaṃ samyag darśanaṃ vijñāya, mad-bhāvāya mama bhāvo mad-bhāvaḥ paramātma-bhāvas tasmai mad-bhāvāya upapadyate, mokṣaṃ gacchati ||BhGS_13.18||
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tatra saptame īśvarasya dve prakṛtī upanyaste parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe | etad-yonīni bhūtāni [Gītā 7.7] iti coktam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-prakṛti-dvaya-yonitvaṃ kathaṃ bhūtānām ity ayam artho 'dhunocyate -
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api |
vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva viddhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān ||BhG_13.19||
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva īśvarasya prakṛtī | tau prakṛti-puruṣau ubhāv apy anādi viddhi, na vidyate ādir yayos tau anādī | nityeśvaratvād īśvarasya tat-prakṛtyor api yuktaṃ nityatvena bhavitum | prakṛti-dvayavattvam eva hīśvarasyeśvaratvam | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-pralaya-hetus te dve 'nādī satyau saṃsārasya kāraṇam ||
nādī anādī iti tat-puruṣa-samāsaṃ kecit varṇayanti | tena hi kileśvarasya kāraṇatvaṃ sidhyati | yadi punaḥ prakṛti-puruṣāv eva nityau syātāṃ tat-kṛtam eva jagat, neśvarasya jagataḥ kartṛtvam | tad asat | prāk prakṛti-puruṣayor utpatter īśitavyābhāvād īśvarasyānīśvaratva-prasaṅgāt, saṃsārasya nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgāt śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgād bandha-mokṣābhāva-prasaṅgāc ca | nityatve punar īśvarasya prakṛtyoḥ sarvam etad upapannaṃ bhavet | katham ? vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva | vakṣyamāṇān vikārān buddhy-ādi-dehendriyāntān guṇāṃś ca sukha-duḥkha-moha-pratyayākāra-pariṇatān viddhi jānīhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān | prakṛtir īśvarasya vikāra-kāraṇa-śaktis triguṇātmikā māyā | sā saṃbhavo yeṣāṃ vikārāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ ca tān vikārān guṇāṃś ca viddhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān prakṛti-pariṇāmān ||BhGS_13.19||
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ke punas te vikārāḥ guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ ? ity āha --
kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate |
puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate ||BhG_13.20||
kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve - kāryaṃ śarīraṃ karaṇāni tat-sthāni trayodaśa | dehasyārambhakāṇi bhūtāni pañca viṣayāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ vikārāḥ pūrvoktā iha kārya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇa-grahaṇena gṛhyante | teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ kartṛtvam utpādakatvaṃ yat tat kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvaṃ tasmin kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ kāraṇam ārambhakatvena prakṛtir ucyate | evaṃ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ |
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve ity asminn api pāṭhe, kāryaṃ yat yasya pariṇāmas tat tasya kāryaṃ vikāro vikāri kāraṇaṃ tayor vikāra-vikāriṇoḥ kārya-kāraṇayoḥ kartṛtve iti | athavā, ṣoḍāśa vikārāḥ kāryaṃ sapta prakṛti-vikṛtayaḥ kāraṇam tāny eva kārya-kāraṇāny ucyante teṣāṃ kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate, ārambhakatvenaiva |
puruṣaś ca saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ yathā syāt tad ucyate - puruṣo jīvaḥ kṣetrajño bhoktā iti paryāyaḥ, sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhogyānāṃ bhoktṛtve upalabdhṛtve hetur ucyate | kathaṃ punar anena kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam ucyate ? ity atrocyate - kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-rūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā prakṛteḥ pariṇāmābhāve, puruṣasya ca cetanasyāsati tad-upalabdhṛtve, kutaḥ saṃsāraḥ syāt ? yadā punaḥ kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-svarūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā pariṇatayā prakṛtyā bhogyayā puruṣasya tad-viparītasya bhoktṛtvenāvidyā-rūpaḥ saṃyogaḥ syāt, tadā saṃsāraḥ syād iti | ato yat prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam uktam, tad yuktam | kaḥ punar ayaṃ saṃsāro nāma ? sukha-duḥkha-saṃbhogaḥ saṃsāraḥ | puruṣasya ca sukha-duḥkhānāṃ saṃbhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam iti ||BhGS_13.20||
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yat puruṣasya sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam ity uktaṃ tasya tat kiṃ-nimittam ity ucyate -
puruṣaḥ prakṛti-stho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān |
kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ||BhG_13.21||
puruṣo bhoktā prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtāv avidyā-lakṣaṇāyāṃ kārya-karaṇa-rūpeṇa pariṇatāyāṃ sthitaḥ prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtim ātmatvena gataḥ ity etat | hi yasmāt | tasmād bhuṅkte upalabhata ity arthaḥ | prakṛtijān prakṛtito jātān sukha-duḥkha-mohākārābhivyaktān guṇān sukhī, duḥkhī, mūḍhaḥ, paṇḍito 'ham ity evam | satyām apy avidyāyāṃ sukha-duḥkha-moheṣu guṇeṣu bhujyamāneṣu yaḥ saṅga ātma-bhāvaḥ saṃsārasya sa pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasya puruṣasya janmanaḥ | sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat kratur bhavati [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śruteḥ | tad etad āha - kāraṇaṃ hetur guṇa-saṅgo guṇeṣu saṅgo 'sya puruṣasya bhoktuḥ sad-asad-yoni-janmasu | satyaś cāsatyaś ca yonayaḥ sad-asad-yonayas tāsu sad-asad-yonuṣu janmāni sad-asad-yoni-janmāni, teṣu sad-asad-yoni-janmaṣu viṣaya-bhūteṣu kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ | athavā, sad-asad-yoni-janmasu asya saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅga iti saṃsāra-pada-madhyāhāryam | sad-yonayo devādi-yonayaḥ | asad-yonayaḥ paśvādi-yonayaḥ | sāmarthyāt sad-asad-yonayaḥ manuṣya-yonayo 'py aviruddhāḥ draṣṭāvyāḥ ||
etad uktaṃ bhavati - prakṛti-sthatvākhyāvidyā guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ kāmaḥ saṃsārasya kāraṇam iti | tac ca parivarjanāya ucyate | asya ca nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ jñāna-vairāgye sa-saṃnyāse gītā-śāstre prasiddham | tac ca jñānaṃ purastād upanyastaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viṣayam yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 12.13] iti | uktaṃ cānyāpohenātad-dharmādhyāropeṇa ca ||BhGS_13.21||
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tasyaiva punaḥ sākṣān nirdeśaḥ kriyate -
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ |
paramātmeti cāpy ukto dehe 'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ ||BhG_13.22||
upadraṣṭā samīpa-sthaḥ san draṣṭā svayam avyāpṛtaḥ | yathā ṛtvig-yajamāneṣu yajña-karma-vyāpṛteṣu taṭastho 'nyo 'vyāpṛto yajña-vidyā-kuśalaḥ ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-guṇa-doṣāṇām īkṣitā, tadvac ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāreṣu sa-vyāpārāṇāṃ sāmīpyena draṣṭā upadraṣṭā | athavā, deha-cakṣur-mano-buddhy-ātmāno draṣṭāraḥ | teṣāṃ bāhyo draṣṭā dehaḥ | tata ārabhyāntaratamaś ca pratyak samīpe ātmā draṣṭā, yataḥ paro 'ntaratamo nāsti draṣṭā | so 'tiśaya-sāmīpyena draṣṭṛtvād upadraṣṭā syāt | yajñopadraṣṭṛavad vā sarva-viṣayī-karaṇād upadraṣṭā | anumantā ca | anumodanam anumananaṃ kurvatsu tat-kriyāsu paritoṣas tat-kartānumantā ca | athavā, anumantā kārya-karaṇa-pravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto 'pi pravṛtta iva tad-anukūlo vibhāvyate, tenānumantā | athavā, pravṛttān sva-vyāpāreṣu tat-sākṣi-bhūtaḥ kadācid api na nivārayatīty anumantā |
bhartā| bharaṇaṃ nāma dehendriya-mano-buddhīnāṃ saṃhatānāṃ caitanyātma-pārārthyena nimitta-bhūtena caitanyābhāsānāṃ yat svarūpa-dhāraṇam, tac caitanyātma-kṛtam eveti bhartā ātmety ucyate | bhoktā | agny-uṣṇavan nitya-caitanya-svarūpeṇa buddheḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ pratyayāḥ sarva-viṣaya-viṣayāś caitanyātma-grastā iva jāyamānā vibhaktā vibhāvyante iti bhoktā ātmocyate | maheśvaraḥ | sarvātmatvāt svatantratvāc ca mahān īśvaraś ceti maheśvaraḥ | paramātmā | dehādīnāṃ buddhy-antānāṃ pratyag-ātmatvena kalpitānām avidyayā parama upadraṣṭṛtvādi-lakṣaṇa ātmeti paramātmā | so 'ntaḥ paramātmā ity anena śabdena cāpy uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau | kvāsau ? asmin dehe puruṣaḥ paro 'vyaktāt | uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ [Gītā 13.3] iti yo vakṣyamāṇaḥ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] iti upanyasto vyākhyāyopasaṃhṛtaś ca ||BhGS_13.22||
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tam etaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇam ātmānam -
ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha |
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate ||BhG_13.23||
ya evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa vetti puruṣaṃ sākṣād ātma-bhāvena "ayam aham asmi" iti prakṛtiṃ ca yathoktām avidyā-lakṣaṇāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha nivartitām abhāvam āpāditāṃ vidyayā, sarvathā sarva-prakāreṇa vartamāno 'pi sa bhūyaḥ punaḥ patite 'smin vidvac-charīre dehāntarāya nābhijāyate notpadyate, dehāntaraṃ na gṛhṇātīty arthaḥ | api-śabdāt kim u vaktavyaṃ ? sva-vṛtta-stho na jāyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||
nanu, yady api jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ punar-janmābhāva uktaḥ, tathāpi prāg jñānotpatteḥ kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām uttara-kāla-bhāvināṃ ca yāni cātikrāntāneka-janma-kṛtāni teṣāṃ ca phalam adattvā nāśo na yukta iti | syus trīṇi janmāni kṛta-vipraṇāśo hi na yukta iti, yathā phale pravṛttānām ārabdha-janmanāṃ karmaṇām | na ca karmaṇāṃ viśeṣo 'vagamyate | tasmāt tri-prakārāṇy api karmāṇi trīṇi janmāny ārabheran | saṃhatāni vā sarvāṇy ekaṃ janmārabheran | anyathā kṛta-vināśe sati sarvatrānāśvāsa-prasaṅgaḥ, śāstrānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ity ataḥ idam ayuktam uktam na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti | na | kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi [MuṇḍU 2.2.8], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], tasya tāvad eva ciram [ChāU 6.14.2], iṣīkā-tūlavat sarvāṇi karmāṇi pradūyante [ChāU 5.24.3] ity ādi-śruti-śatebhya ukto viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-dāhaḥ |
ihāpi cokto yathaidhāṃsi [Gītā 4.37] ity ādinā sarva-karma-dāhaḥ | vakṣyati copapatteś ca | avidyā-kāma-kleśa-bīja-nimittāni hi karmāṇi janmāntarāṅkuram ārabhante | ihāpi ca sāhaṃkārābhisaṃdhīni karmāṇi phalārambhakāṇi, netarāṇīti tatra tatra bhagavatoktam |
bījāny agny-upadagdhāni na rohanti yathā punaḥ | jñāna-dagdhais tathā kleśair nātmā saṃpadyate punaḥ [Mbh 3.200.10] iti ca | astu tāvaj jñānotpatty-uttara-kāla-kṛtānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñānena dāhaḥ, jñāna-saha-bhāvitvāt | na tv iha janmani jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām atīta-janma-kṛtānāṃ ca dāho yuktaḥ | na | sarva-karmāṇīti viśeṣaṇāt | jñānottara-kāla-bhāvinām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | saṃkoce kāraṇānupapatteḥ | yat tūktam yathā vartamāna-janmārambhakāṇi karmāṇi na kṣīyante phala-dānāya pravṛttāny eva saty api jñāne, tathānārabdha-phalānām api karmaṇāṃ kṣayo na yukta iti, tad asat | katham ? teṣāṃ mukteṣuvat pravṛtta-phalatvāt | yathā pūrvaṃ lakṣya-vedhāya mukta iṣuḥ dhanuṣo lakṣya-vedhottara-kālam api ārabdha-vega-kṣayāt patanenaiva nivartate, evaṃ śarīrārambhakaṃ karma śarīra-sthiti-prayojane nivṛtte 'pi, ā saṃskāra-vega-kṣayāt pūrvavat vartata eva | yathā sa eva iṣuḥ pravṛtti-nimittānārabdha-vegas tv amukto dhanuṣi prayukto 'pi upasaṃhriyate, tathānārabdha-phalāni karmāṇi svāśraya-sthāny eva jñānena nirbījī-kriyanta iti | patite 'smin vidvac-charīre na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti yuktam evoktam iti siddham ||BhGS_13.23||
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atrātma-darśane upāya-vikalpā ime dhyānādaya ucyante -
dhyānenātmani paśyanti kecid ātmānam ātmanā |
anye sāṃkhyena yogena karma-yogena cāpare ||BhG_13.24||
dhyānena | dhyānaṃ nāma śabdādibhyo viṣayebhyaḥ śrotrādīni karaṇāni manasy upasaṃhṛtya, manaś ca pratyak-cetanayitari, ekāgratayā yac cintanaṃ tad dhyānam | tathā, dhyāyatīva bakaḥ, dhyāyatīva pṛthivī, dhyāyantīva parvatāḥ [ChāU 7.6.1] iti upamopādānāt | taila-dhārāvat saṃtato 'vicchinna-pratyayo dhyānam | tena dhyānena ātmani buddhau paśyanty ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanam ātmanā svenaiva pratyak-cetanena dhyāna-saṃskṛtenāntaḥ-karaṇena kecid yoginaḥ | anye sāṃkhyena yogena | sāṃkhyaṃ nāma ime sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi guṇā mayā dṛśyā ahaṃ tebhyo 'nyas tad-vyāpāra-sākṣi-bhūto nityo guṇa-vilakṣaṇa ātmeti cintanam eṣa sāṃkhyo yogaḥ | tena paśyanti ātmānam ātmanety anuvartate | karma-yogena | karmaiva yogaḥ | īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaṃ ghaṭana-rūpaṃ yogārthatvād yoga ucyate guṇataḥ | tena sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa cāpare ||BhGS_13.24||
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anye tv evam ajānantaḥ śrutvānyebhya upāsate |
te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyuṃ śruti-parāyaṇāḥ ||BhG_13.25||
anye tv eṣu vikalpeṣu anyatamenāpy evaṃ yathoktam ātmānam ajānanto 'nyebhyaḥ ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā "idam eva cintayata" ity uktā upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaś cintayanti | te 'pi cātitaranty eva atikrāmanty eva mṛtyum mṛtyu-yuktaṃ saṃsāram ity etat | śruti-parāyaṇāḥ śrutiḥ śravaṇaṃ param ayanaṃ gamanaṃ mokṣa-mārga-pravṛttau paraṃ sādhanaṃ yeṣāṃ te śruti-parāyaṇāḥ | kevala-paropadeśa-pramāṇāḥ svayaṃ viveka-rahitā ity abhiprāyaḥ | kim u vaktavyam pramāṇaṃ prati svatantrā vivekino mṛtyum atitarantīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_13.25||
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kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.3] iti kṣetrajñeśvarakatva-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ mokṣa-sādhanaṃ, yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 13.13] ity uktam | tat kasmāt hetoḥ ? iti tad-dhetu-pradarśanārthaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam |
kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha ||BhG_13.26||
yāvat yat kiṃcit saṃjāyate samutpadyate sattvaṃ vastu | kim aviśeṣeṇa ? nety āha - sthāvara-jaṅgamaṃ sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt taj jāyate ity evaṃ viddhi jānīhi bharatarṣabha |
kaḥ punar ayaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo 'bhipretaḥ ? na tāvat rajjveva ghaṭasyāvayava-saṃśleṣa-dvārakaḥ saṃbandha-viśeṣaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetreṇa kṣetrajñasya saṃbhavati, ākāśavat niravayavatvāt | nāpi samavāya-lakṣaṇas tantu-paṭayor iva kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor itaretara-kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvānabhyupagamāt | ity ucyate - kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor viṣaya-viṣayiṇor bhinna-svabhāvayor itaretara-tad-dharmādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-svarūpa-vivekā-bhāva-nibandhanaḥ, rajju-śuktikādīnāṃ tad-viveka-jñānābhāvād adhyāropita-sarpa-rajatādi-saṃyogavat | so 'yam adhyāsa-svarūpaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogo mithyā-jñāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathā-śāstraṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-bheda-parijñāna-pūrvakaṃ prāk darśita-rūpāt kṣetrān muñjād iveṣīkāṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pravibhajya na sat tan nāsad ucyate [Gītā 13.13] ity anena nirasta-sarvopādhi-viśeṣaṃ jñeyaṃ brahma-svarūpeṇa yaḥ paśyati, kṣetraṃ ca māyā-nirmita-hasti-svapna-dṛṣṭa-vastuvad gandharva-nagarādivad asad eva sad ivāvabhāsate | ity evaṃ niścita-vijñāno yaḥ, tasya yathokta-samyag-darśana-virodhād apagacchati mithyā-jñānam | tasya janma-hetor apagamād ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha [Gītā 13.25] ity anena vidvān bhūyo nābhijāyate iti yad uktam, tad upapannam uktam ||BhGS_13.26||
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na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate [Gītā 13.24] iti samyag darśana-phalam avidyādi-saṃsāra-bīja-nivṛtti-dvāreṇa janmābhāva uktaḥ | janma-kāraṇaṃ cāvidyā-nimittakaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyoga uktaḥ | atas tasyāḥ avidyāyā nivartakaṃ samyag-darśanam uktam api punaḥ śabdāntareṇocyate -
samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram |
vinaśyatsv avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ||BhG_13.27||
samaṃ nirviśeṣaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ sthitiṃ kurvantam | kva ? sarveṣu samasteṣu bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu prāṇiṣu | kam ? parameśvaraṃ dehendriya-mano-buddhy-avyaktātmano 'pekṣya parameśvaraḥ, taṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu samaṃ tiṣṭhantam | tāni viśinaṣṭi vinaśyatsv iti | taṃ ca parameśvaram avinaśyantam iti, bhūtānāṃ parameśvarasya cātyanta-vailakṣaṇya-pradarśanārtham | katham ? sarveṣāṃ hi bhāva-vikārāṇāṃ jani-lakṣaṇo bhāva-vikāro mūlam | janmottara-kāla-bhāvino 'nye sarve bhāva-vikārā vināśāntāḥ | vināśāt paro na kaścid asti bhāva-vikāraḥ, bhāvābhāvāt | sati hi dharmiṇi dharmā bhavanti | ato 'ntya-bhāva-vikārābhāvānuvādena pūrva-bhāvinaḥ sarve bhāva-vikārāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti saha kāryaiḥ | tasmāt sarva-bhūtaiḥ vailakṣaṇyam atyantam eva parameśvarasya siddham, nirviśeṣatvam ekatvaṃ ca | ya evaṃ yathoktaṃ parameśvaraṃ paśyati, sa paśyati |
nanu sarvo 'pi lokaḥ paśyati, kiṃ viśeṣaṇeneti | satyaṃ paśyati | kiṃ tu viparītaṃ paśyati | ato viśinaṣṭi - sa eva paśyatīti | yathā timira-dṛṣṭir anekaṃ candraṃ paśyati, tam apekṣya eka-candra-darśī viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | tathaivehāpy ekam avibhaktaṃ yathoktaṃ ātmānaṃ yaḥ paśyati, sa vibhaktān ekātma-viparīta-darśibhyo viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | itare paśyanto 'pi na paśyanti | viparīta-darśitvāt aneka-candra-darśivad ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.27||
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yathoktasya samyag-darśanasya phala-vacanena stutiḥ kartavyā iti śloka ārabhyate -
samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra samavasthitam īśvaram |
na hinasty ātmanātmānaṃ tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||BhG_13.28||
samaṃ paśyann upalabhamāno hi yasmāt sarvatra sarva-bhūteṣu samavasthitaṃ tulyatayāvasthitam īśvaram atītānantara-ślokokta-lakṣaṇam ity arthaḥ | samaṃ paśyan kim ? na hinasti hiṃsāṃ na karoti ātmanā svenaiva svam ātmānam | tat-tad-ahiṃsanād yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ mokṣākhyām ||
nanu naiva kaścit prāṇī svayaṃ svam ātmānaṃ hinasti | katham ucyate 'prāptam na hinastīti ? yathā na pṛthivyām nāntarikṣe na divy agniś cetavyaḥ [TaittS 5.2.7.1] ity ādi | naiṣa doṣaḥ, ajñānām ātma-tiraskaraṇopapatteḥ | sarvo hy ajño 'tyanta-prasiddhaṃ sākṣād aparokṣād ātmānaṃ tiraskṛtyānātmānam ātmatvena parigṛhya, tam api dharmādharmau kṛtvopāttam ātmānaṃ hatvānyam ātmānam upādatte navaṃ, taṃ caivaṃ hatvānyam | evaṃ tam api hatvānyam ity evam upāttam upāttam ātmānaṃ hantīty ātmahā sarvo 'jñaḥ | yas tu paramārthātmāsāv api sarvadāvidyayā hata iva vidyamāna-phalābhāvād iti sarve ātma-hana evāvidvāṃsaḥ | yas tv itaro yathoktātma-darśī, sa ubhayathāpi ātmanātmānaṃ na hinasti na hanti | tato yāti parāṃ gatim yathoktaṃ phalaṃ tasya bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.28||
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sarva-bhūta-stham īśvaraṃ samaṃ paśyan na hinasty ātmanātmānam [Gītā 13.28] ity uktam | tad anupapannaṃ sva-guṇa-karma-vailakṣaṇya-bheda-bhinneṣv ātmasu, ity etad āśaṅkyāha -
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ |
yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyati ||BhG_13.29||
prakṛtyā prakṛtir bhagavato māyā triguṇātmikā | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyād [ŚvetU 4.10] iti mantra-varṇāt | tayā prakṛtyaiva ca nānyena mahad-ādi-kārya-kāraṇākāra-pariṇatayā karmāṇi vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyārabhyāṇi kriyamāṇāni nirvartyamānāni sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair yaḥ paśyaty upalabhate, tathātmānaṃ kṣetrajñam akartāraṃ sarvopādhi-vivarjitaṃ sa paśyati, sa paramārtha-darśīty abhiprāyaḥ | nirguṇasyākartur nirviśeṣasyākāśasyeva bhede pramāṇānupapattir ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.29||
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punar api tad eva samyag darśanaṃ śabdāntareṇa prapañcayati -
yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam ekastham anupaśyati |
tata eva ca vistāraṃ brahma saṃpadyate tadā ||BhG_13.30||
yadā yasmin kāle bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvaṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ pṛthaktvam ekasminn ātmani sthitaṃ eka-stham anupaśyati śāstrācāryopadeśam anu ātmānaṃ pratyakṣatvena paśyaty ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] iti | tata eva ca tasmād eva ca vistāraṃ utpattiṃ vikāsam ātmataḥ prāṇa ātmata āśā ātmataḥ smara ātmata ākāśa ātmatas teja ātmata āpa ātmata āvirbhāva-tirobhāvāv ātmato 'nnam [ChāU 7.26.1] ity evam ādi-prakārair vistāraṃ yadā paśyati brahma saṃpadyate bhavati tadā tasmin kāla ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.30||
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ekasyātmānaḥ sarva-dehātmatve tad-doṣa-saṃbandhe prāpte, idam ucyate -
anāditvān nirguṇatvāt paramātmāyam avyayaḥ |
śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate ||BhG_13.31||
anāditvāt | anāder bhāvo 'nāditvam, ādiḥ kāraṇam, tad yasya nāsti tad anādi | yad dhy ādimat tat svenātmanā vyeti | ayaṃ tv anāditvān niravayava iti kṛtvā na vyeti | tathā nirguṇatvāt | saguṇo hi guṇa-vyayāt vyeti | ayaṃ tu nirguṇatvāc ca na vyeti | iti paramātmāyam avyayaḥ | nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | yata evam ataḥ śarīra-stho 'pi, śarīreṣu ātmana upalabdhir bhavatīti śarīra-stha ucyate | tathāpi na karoti | tad-akaraṇād eva tat-phalena na lipyate | yo hi kartā, sa karma-phalena lipyate | ayaṃ tv akartā, ato na phalena lipyate ity arthaḥ |
kaḥ punar deheṣu karoti lipyate ca ? yadi tāvat anyaḥ paramātmano dehī karoti lipyate ca, tataḥ idam anupapannam uktaṃ kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvam kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] ity ādi | atha nāsti īśvarād anyo dehī | kaḥ karoti lipyate ca ? iti vācyam | paro vā nāstīti sarvathā durvijñeyaṃ durvācyaṃ ceti bhagavat-proktam aupaniṣadaṃ darśanaṃ parityaktaṃ vaiśeṣikaiḥ sāṃkhyārhata-bauddhaiś ca | tatrāyaṃ parihāro bhagavatā svenaiva uktaḥ svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti | avidyā-mātra-svabhāvo hi karoti lipyate iti vyavahāro bhavati, na tu paramārthata ekasmin paramātmani tad asti | ata evaitasmin paramārtha-sāṃkhya-darśane sthitānāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ tiraskṛtāvidyā-vyavahārāṇāṃ karmādhikāro nāstīti tatra tatra darśitaṃ bhagavatā ||BhGS_13.31||
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kim iva na karoti na lipyate ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha -
yathā sarva-gataṃ saukṣmyād ākāśaṃ nopalipyate |
sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate ||BhG_13.32||
yathā sarva-gataṃ vyāpy api sat saukṣmyāt sūkṣma-bhāvād ākāśaṃ khaṃ nopalipyate na saṃbadhyate, sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate ||BhGS_13.32||
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kiṃ ca -
yathā prakāśayaty ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ |
kṣetraṃ kṣetrī tathā kṛtsnaṃ prakāśayati bhārata ||BhG_13.34||
yathā prakāśayaty avabhāsayati ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ savitā ādityaḥ, tathā tadvat mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ kṣetram ekaḥ san prakāśayati | kaḥ ? kṣetrī paramātmā ity arthaḥ | ravi-dṛṣṭanto 'tra ātmana ubhayārtho 'pi bhavati | ravivat sarva-kṣetreṣv eka evātmā, alepakaś ceti ||BhGS_13.34||
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samastādhyāyārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ ślokaḥ -
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor evam antaraṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā |
bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param ||BhG_13.35||
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yathā-vyākhyātayor evaṃ yathā-pradarśita-prakāreṇāntaram itaretara-vailakṣaṇya-viśeṣaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā śāstrācārya-prasādopadeśa-janitam ātma-pratyayikaṃ jñānaṃ cakṣuḥ, tena jñāna-cakṣuṣā, bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca, bhūtānāṃ prakṛtir avidyā-lakṣaṇāvyaktākhyā, tasyā bhūta-prakṛter mokṣaṇam abhāva-gamanaṃ ca ye vidur vijānanti, yānti gacchanti te paraṃ paramātma-tattvaṃ brahma, na punar dehaṃ ādadate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.35||
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iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yogo nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 14
atha guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ (śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavat-pāda-viracitam śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣyam) sarvam utpadyamānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād utpadyata ity uktam | tat kathamiti, tat-pradarśanārtham paraṃ bhūya ity ādir adhyāya ārabhyate | athavā, īśvara-paratantrayoḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ jagat-kāraṇatvaṃ na tu sāṃkhyānām iva svatantrayor ity evam artham | prakṛti-sthatvaṃ guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇam ity uktam | kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti ? guṇebhyaś ca mokṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ syāt ? muktasya ca lakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, ity evam arthaṃ ca bhagavān uvāca -
paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānam uttamam |
yaj jñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhim ito gatāḥ ||BhG_14.1||
paraṃ jñānam iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | bhūyaḥ punaḥ pūrveṣu sarveṣv adhyāyeṣu asakṛd uktam api pravakṣyāmi | tac ca paraṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kiṃ tat ? jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ jñānānām uttamam, uttama-phalatvāt | jñānānām iti nāmānitvādīnām | kiṃ tarhi ? yajñādi-jñeya-vastu-viṣayāṇām iti | tāni na mokṣāya, idaṃ tu mokṣāyeti parottama-śabdābhyāṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-rucy-utpādanārtham | yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā prāpya munayaḥ saṃnyāsino manana-śīlāḥ sarve parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣākhyām ito 'smāt deha-bandhanāt ūrdhvaṃ gatāḥ prāptāḥ ||BhGS_14.1||
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asyāś ca siddhair aikāntikatvaṃ darśayati -
idaṃ jñānam upāśritya mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ |
sarge 'pi nopajāyante pralaye na vyathanti ca ||BhG_14.2||
idaṃ jñānaṃ yathoktam upāśritya, jñāna-sādhanam anuṣṭhāya ity etat, mama parameśvarasya sādharmyaṃ mat-svarūpatām āgatāḥ prāptā ity arthaḥ | na tu samāna-dharmatā sādharmyam, kṣetrajñeśvarayor bhedānabhyupagamād gītā-śāstre | phala-vādaś cāyaṃ stuty-artham ucyate | sarge 'pi sṛṣṭi-kāle 'pi nopajāyante | notpadyante | pralaye brahmaṇo 'pi vināśa-kāle na vyathanti ca vyathāṃ nāpadyante, na cyavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.2||
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kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyoga īdṛśo bhūta-kāraṇam ity āha -
mama yonir mahad brahma tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham |
saṃbhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati bhārata ||BhG_14.3||
mama sva-bhūtā madīyā māyā triguṇātmikā prakṛtir yoniḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ kāraṇam | sarva-kāryebhyo mahattvāt kāraṇatvād bṛṃhaṇāc ca [bharaṇāc ca] sva-vikārāṇāṃ mahad brahma iti yonir eva viśiṣyate | tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yonau garbhaṃ hiraṇyagarbhasya janmano bījaṃ sarva-bhūta-janma-kāraṇaṃ bījaṃ dadhāmi nikṣipāmi kṣetra-kṣetrajña-prakṛti-dvaya-śaktimān īśvaro 'ham, avidyā-kāma-karmopādhi-svarūpānuvidhāyinaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ kṣetreṇa saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | saṃbhava utpattiḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hiraṇyagarbhotpatti-dvāreṇa tatas tasmād gabrhādhānād bhavati | he bhārata ||BhGS_14.3||
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sarva-yoniṣu kaunteya mūrtayaḥ saṃbhavanti yāḥ |
tāsāṃ brahma mahad yonir ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ pitā ||BhG_14.4||
deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-paśu-mṛgādi-sarva-yoniṣu kaunteya, mūrtayo deha-saṃsthāna-lakṣaṇā mūrcchitāṅgāvayavā mūrtayaḥ saṃbhavanti yāḥ, tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ brahma mahat sarvāvasthaṃ yoniḥ kāraṇam aham īśvaro bīja-prado garbhādhānasya kartā pitā ||BhGS_14.4||
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ke guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ badhnanti ? ity ucyate -
sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ |
nibadhnanti mahā-bāho dehe dehinam avyayam ||BhG_14.5||
sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā iti pāribhāṣikaḥ śabdaḥ | na rūpādivad dravyāśritā guṇāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam | tasmād guṇā iva nitya-para-tantrāḥ kṣetrajñaṃ praty avidyātmakatvāt kṣetrajñaṃ nibadhnantīva tam āspadīkṛtyātmānaṃ pratilabhanta iti nibadhnantīty ucyate | te ca prakṛti-saṃbhavā bhagavan-māyā-saṃbhavā nibadhnantīva | he mahābāho | mahāntau samarthatarāv ājānu-pralambau bāhū yasya saḥ mahābāhuḥ he mahābāho | dehe śarīre dehinaṃ dehavantam avyayam, avyayatvaṃ coktam anāditvād [Gītā 13.32] ity ādi ślokena | nanu dehī na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] ity uktam | tat katham iha nibadhnantīty anyathocyate ? parihṛtam asmābhir iva-śabdena nibadhnantīveti ||BhGS_14.5||
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tatra sattvādīnāṃ sattvasyaiva tāval lakṣaṇam ucyate -
tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam |
sukha-saṅgena badhnāti jñāna-saṅgena cānagha ||BhG_14.6||
nirmalatvāt sphaṭika-maṇir iva prakāśakam anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ sattvaṃ tan nibadhnāti | katham ? sukha-saṅgena sukhy aham iti viṣaya-bhūtasya sukhasya viṣayiṇy ātmani saṃśleṣāpādanaṃ mṛṣaiva sukhe sañjanam iti | saiṣāvidyā | na hi viṣaya-dharmo viṣayiṇo bhavati | icchādi ca dhṛty-antaṃ kṣetrasyaiva viṣayasya dharmaḥ ity uktaṃ bhagavatā | ato 'vidyayaiva svakīya-dharma-bhūtayā viṣaya-viṣayy-aviveka-lakṣaṇayāsvātma-bhūte sukhe saṃjayatīva, āsaktam iva karoti, asaṅgaṃ saktam iva karoti, asukhinaṃ sukhinam iva | tathā jñāna-saṅgena ca, jñānam iti sukha-sāhacaryāt kṣetrasyaiva viṣayasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya dharmaḥ, nātmanaḥ | ātma-dharmatve saṅgānupapatteḥ, bandhānupapatteś ca | sukha iva jñānādau saṅgo mantavyaḥ | he anagha avyasana ||BhGS_14.6||
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rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam |
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena dehinam ||BhG_14.7||
rajaḥ rāgātmakaṃ rajanād rāgo gairikād iva drāg ātmakaṃ viddhi jānīhi | tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavaṃ tṛṣṇā aprāptābhilāṣaḥ | āsaṅgaḥ prāpte viṣaye manasaḥ prīti-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃśleṣaḥ | tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ samudbhavaṃ tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam | tan nibadhnāti tad rajo nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu sañjanaṃ tat-paratā karma-saṅgas tena nibadhnāti rajo dehinam ||BhGS_14.7||
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tamas tv ajñāna-jaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarva-dehinām |
pramādālasya-nidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata ||BhG_14.8||
tamas tṛtīyo guṇo 'jñāna-jam ajñānāj jātam ajñāna-jaṃ viddhi | mohanaṃ moha-karam aviveka-karaṃ sarva-dehināṃ sarveṣāṃ dehavatām | pramādālasya-nidrābhiḥ pramādaś cālasyaṃ ca nidrā ca pramādālasya-nidrās tābhiḥ pramādālasya-nidrābhis tat tamo nibadhnāti bhārata ||BhGS_14.8||
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punar guṇānāṃ vyāpāraḥ saṃkṣepata ucyate -
sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata |
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde saṃjayaty uta ||BhG_14.9||
sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati saṃśleṣayati, rajaḥ karmaṇi he bhārata saṃjayatīty anuvartate | jñānaṃ sattva-kṛtaṃ vivekam āvṛtya ācchādya tu tamaḥ svena āvaraṇātmanā pramāde saṃjayaty uta | pramādo nāma prāpta-kartavyākaraṇam ||BhGS_14.9||
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uktaṃ kāryaṃ kadā kurvanti guṇāḥ ? ity ucyate -
rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati bhārata |
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajas tathā ||BhG_14.10||
rajas tamaś ca ubhāv apy abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati udbhavati vardhate yadā, tadā labdhātmakaṃ sattvaṃ sva-kāryaṃ jñāna-sukhādy ārabhate | he bhārata ! tathā rajo-guṇaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva ubhāv apy abhibhūya vardhate yadā, tadā karma tṛṣṇādi sva-kāryam ārabhate | tama-ākhyo guṇaḥ sattvaṃ rajaś ca ubhāv apy abhibhūya tathaiva vardhate yadā, tadā jñānāvaraṇādi sva-kāryam ārabhate ||BhGS_14.10||
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yadā yo guṇa udbhūto bhavati, tadā tasya kiṃ liṅgam ? ity ucyate -
sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate |
jñānaṃ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṃ sattvam ity uta ||BhG_14.11||
sarva-dvāreṣu, ātmana upalabdhi-dvārāṇi śrotrādīni sarvāṇi karaṇāni, teṣu sarva-dvāreṣu antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher vṛttiḥ prakāśo dehe 'smin upajāyate | tad eva jñānam | yadaivaṃ prakāśo jñānākhya upajāyate, tadā jñāna-prakāśena liṅgena vidyād vivṛddham udbhūtaṃ sattvam ity utāpi ||BhGS_14.11||
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rajasa udbhūtasyedaṃ cihnam -
lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā |
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha ||BhG_14.12||
lobhaḥ para-dravyāditsā | pravṛttiḥ pravartanam | sāmānya-ceṣṭā ārambhaḥ | kasya ? karmaṇām | aśamo 'nupaśamaḥ harṣa-rāgādi-pravṛttiḥ | spṛhā sarva-sāmānya-vastu-viṣayā tṛṣṇā | rajasi guṇe vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante | he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_14.12||
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aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca |
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kuru-nandana ||BhG_14.13||
aprakāśo 'vivekaḥ | atyantam apravṛttiś ca pravṛtty-abhāvas tat-kāryaṃ pramādo moha eva ca | aviveko mūḍhatā ity arthaḥ | tamasi guṇe vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante he kuru-nandana ! ||BhGS_14.13||
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maraṇa-dvāreṇāpi yat phalaṃ prāpyate, tad api saṅga-rāga-hetukaṃ sarvaṃ gauṇam eveti darśayan āha -
yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti deha-bhṛt |
tadottama-vidāṃ lokān amalān pratipadyate ||BhG_14.14||
yadā sattve pravṛddha udbhūte tu pralayaṃ maraṇaṃ yāti pratipadyate deha-bhṛd ātmā, tadottama-vidāṃ mahad-ādi-tattva-vidām ity etat | lokān amalān mala-rahitān pratipadyate prāpnotīty etat ||BhGS_14.14||
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rajasi pralayaṃ gatvā karma-saṅgiṣu jāyate |
tathā pralīnas tamasi mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyate ||BhG_14.15||
rajasi guṇe vivṛddhe pralayaṃ maraṇaṃ gatvā prāpya karma-saṅgiṣu karmāsakti-yukteṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tadvad eva pralīno mṛtas tamasi vivṛddhe mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādi-yoniṣu jāyate ||BhGS_14.15||
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atīta-ślokārthasyaiva saṃkṣepa ucyate -
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṃ nirmalaṃ phalam |
rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkham ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam ||BhG_14.16||
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasya sāttvikasya ity arthaḥ, āhuḥ śiṣṭaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ phalam iti | rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ, karmādhikārāt phalam api duḥkham eva, kāraṇānurūpyāt, rājasam eva | tathā ajñānaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'dharmasya pūrvavat ||BhGS_14.16||
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kiṃ ca, guṇebhyo bhavati -
sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca |
pramāda-mohau tamaso bhavato 'jñānam eva ca ||BhG_14.17||
sattvāl labdhātmakāt saṃjāyate samutpadyate jñānam, rajaso lobha eva ca, pramāda-mohau ca ubhau tamaso bhavataḥ, ajñānam eva ca bhavati ||BhGS_14.17||
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kiṃ ca -
ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattva-sthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ |
jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ ||BhG_14.18||
ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti devalokādiṣūtpadyante sattva-sthāḥ sattva-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ | madhye tiṣṭhanti manuṣyeṣūtpadyante rājasāḥ | jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthā jaghanyaś cāsau guṇaś ca jaghanya-guṇas tamaḥ, tasya vṛttaṃ nidrālasyādi, tasmin sthitāḥ jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ mūḍhāḥ adho gacchanti paśv-ādiṣūtpadyante tāmasāḥ ||BhGS_14.18||
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puruṣasya prakṛti-sthatva-rūpeṇa mithyā-jñānena yuktasya bhogyeṣu guṇeṣu sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakeṣu sukhī duḥkhī mūḍho 'ham asmīty evaṃ-rūpo yaḥ saṅgas tat-kāraṇaṃ puruṣasya sad-asad-yoni-janma-prāpti-lakṣaṇasya saṃsārasyeti samāsena pūrvādhyāye yad uktam, tad iha sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti-saṃbhavā ity ārabhya guṇa-svarūpam, guṇa-vṛttam, sva-vṛttena ca guṇānāṃ bandhakatvam, guṇa-vṛtta-nibaddhasya ca purūṣasya yā gatiḥ, ity etat sarvaṃ mithyā-jñāna-mūlaṃ bandha-kāraṇaṃ vistareṇoktvā, adhunā samyag-darśanān mokṣo vaktavya ity ata āha bhagavān -
nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ kartāraṃ yadā draṣṭānupaśyati |
guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vetti mad-bhāvaṃ so 'dhigacchati ||BhG_14.19||
nānyaṃ kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyaḥ kartāram anyaṃ yadā draṣṭā vidvān san nānupaśyati, guṇā eva sarvāvasthāḥ sarva-karmaṇāṃ kartāra ity evaṃ paśyati, guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ guṇa-vyāpāra-sākṣi-bhūtaṃ vetti, mad-bhāvaṃ mama bhāvaṃ sa draṣṭādhigacchati ||BhGS_14.19||
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katham adhigacchati ? ity ucyate -
guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute ||BhG_14.20||
guṇān etān yathoktān atītya jīvann evātikramya māyopādhi-bhūtān trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca duḥkhāni ca janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhāni tair jīvann eva vimuktaḥ san vidvān amṛtam aśnute | evaṃ mad-bhāvam adhigacchatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.20||
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jīvann eva guṇān atītyāmṛtam aśnute iti praśna-bījaṃ pratilabhyārjuna uvāca -
kair liṅgais trīn guṇān etān atīto bhavati prabho |
kim-ācāraḥ kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate ||BhG_14.21||
kair liṅgaiś cihnais trīn etān vyākhyātān guṇān atīto 'tikrānto bhavati prabho, kim-ācāraḥ ? ko 'sya ācāra iti kim-ācāraḥ | kathaṃ kena ca prakāreṇa etān trīn guṇān ativartate 'tītya vartate ||BhGS_14.21||
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guṇātītasya lakṣaṇaṃ guṇātītatvopāyaṃ cārjunena pṛṣṭo 'smin śloke praśna-dvayārthaṃ prativacanaṃ bhagavān uvāca | yat tāvat kair liṅgair yukto guṇātīto bhavatīti tat śṛṇu -
prakāśaṃ ca pravṛttiṃ ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava |
na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati ||BhG_14.22||
prakāśaṃ ca sattvakāryaṃ pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥkāryaṃ moham eva ca tamaḥkāryam ity etāni na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni samyagviṣayabhāvena udbhūtāni - mama tāmasaḥ pratyayo jātaḥ, tenāhaṃ mūḍhaḥ | tathā rājasī pravṛttir mama utpannā duḥkhātmikā, tenāhaṃ rajasā pravartitaḥ pracalitaḥ svarūpāt | kaṣṭaṃ mama vartate yo 'yaṃ matsvarūpāvasthānāt bhraṃśaḥ | tathā sāttviko guṇaḥ prakāśātmā māṃ vivekitvam āpādayan sukhe ca sajayan badhnātīti tāni dveṣṭy asamyag-darśitvena | tat evaṃ guṇātīto na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni | yathā ca sāttvikādipuruṣaḥ sattvādikāryāṇi ātmānaṃ prati prakāśya nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati, na tathā guṇātīto nivṛttāni kāṅkṣatīty arthaḥ | etat na parapratyakṣaṃ liṅgam | kiṃ tarhi ? svātmapratyakṣatvāt ātmārtham eva etat lakṣaṇam | na hi svātmaviṣayaṃ dveṣamākāṅkṣāṃ vā paraḥ paśyati ||BhGS_14.22||
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atha idānīm guṇātītaḥ kim-ācāraḥ ? iti praśnasya prativacanam āha -
udāsīnavad āsīno guṇair yo na vicālyate |
guṇā vartanta ity eva yo 'vatiṣṭhati neṅgate ||BhG_14.23||
udāsīnavad yathā udāsīno na kasyacit pakṣaṃ bhajate, tathāyaṃ guṇātītatvopāya-mārge 'vasthita āsīna ātmavid guṇair yaḥ saṃnyāsī na vicālyate viveka-darśanāvasthātaḥ | tad etat sphuṭīkaroti - guṇāḥ kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatā anyonyasmin vartante iti yo 'vatiṣṭhati | chando-bhaṅga-bhayāt parasmaipada-prayogaḥ | yo 'nutiṣṭhatīti vā pāṭhāntaram | neṅgate na calati, svarūpāvastha eva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.23||
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kiṃ ca -
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ svasthaḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ |
tulya-priyāpriyo dhīras tulya-nindātma-saṃstutiḥ ||BhG_14.24||
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ same duḥkha-sukhe yasya saḥ sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ, svasthaḥ sve ātmani sthitaḥ prasannaḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ loṣṭaṃ cāśmā ca kāñcanaṃ ca loṣṭāśmakāñcanāni samāni yasya saḥ samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanaḥ, tulyapriyāpriyaḥ priyaṃ cāpriyaṃ ca priyāpriye tulye same yasya so 'yaṃ tulyapriyāpriyaḥ, dhīro dhīmān, tulyanindātmasaṃstutiḥ nindā ca ātmasaṃstuti ca nindātmasaṃstutī, tulye nindātmasaṃstutī yasya yateḥ sa tulyanindātmasaṃstutiḥ ||BhGS_14.24||
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kiṃ ca -
mānāpamānayos tulyas tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ |
sarvārambha-parityāgī guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ||BhG_14.25||
mānāpamānayos tulyaḥ samo nirvikāraḥ | tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ | yadyapy udāsīnā bhavanti kecit svābhiprāyeṇa, tathāpi parābhiprāyeṇa mitrāri-pakṣayor iva bhavantīti tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayor ity āha | sarvārambha-parityāgī | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāni karmāṇy ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ | sarvān ārambhān parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti sarvārambha-parityāgī | deha-dhāraṇa-mātra-nimitta-vyatirekeṇa sarva-karma-parityāgīty arthaḥ | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ||BhGS_14.25||
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udāsīnavad ity ādi guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ity etad-antam uktaṃ yāvat yatna-sādhyaṃ tāvat saṃnyāsino 'nuṣṭheyaṃ guṇātītatva-sādhanaṃ mumukṣoḥ | sthirī-bhūtaṃ tu sva-saṃvedyaṃ sad guṇātītasya yater lakṣaṇaṃ bhavatīti | adhunā kathaṃ ca trīnguṇān ativartate ? ity asya praśnasya prativacanam āha -
māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |
sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate ||BhG_14.26||
māṃ ca īśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ sarva-bhūta-hṛdayāśritaṃ yo yatiḥ karmī vā avyabhicāreṇa na kadācid yo vyabhicarati bhakti-yogena bhajanaṃ bhaktiḥ saiva yogas tena bhakti-yogena sevate, sa guṇān samatītya etān yathoktān | brahma-bhūyāya | bhavanaṃ bhūyaḥ, brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhavanāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.26||
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kuta etad ? ity ucyate -
brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham amṛtasyāvyayasya ca |
śāśvatasya ca dharmasya sukhasyaikāntikasya ca ||BhG_14.27||
brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano hi yasmāt pratiṣṭhāhaṃ pratitiṣṭhaty asmin iti pratiṣṭhāhaṃ pratyag-ātmā | kīdṛśasya brahmaṇaḥ ? amṛtasya avināśinaḥ | avyayasya avikāriṇaḥ | śāśvatasya ca nityasya dharmasya dharma-jñānasya jñāna-yoga-dharma-prāpyasya sukhasya ānanda-rūpasya aikāntikasya avyabhicāriṇo 'mṛtādi-svabhāvasya paramānanda-rūpasya paramātmanaḥ pratyag-ātmā pratiṣṭhā |
samyag-jñānena paramātmatayā niścīyate | tad etad brahma-bhūyāya kalpata ity uktam | yayā ceśvara-śaktyā bhaktānugrahādi-prayojanāya brahma pratiṣṭhate pravartate, sā śaktir brahmaivāham | śakti-śaktimator ananyatvād ity abhiprāyaḥ | athavā, brahma-śabda-vācyatvāt sa-vikalpakaṃ brahma | tasya brahmaṇo nirvikalpako 'ham eva nānyaḥ pratiṣṭhāśrayaḥ | kiṃ-viśiṣṭasya ? amṛtasyāmaraṇa-dharmakasyāvyayasya vyaya-rahitasya | kiṃ ca, śāśvatasya ca nityasya dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya sukhasya taj-janitasya aikāntikasya ekānta-niyatasya ca, pratiṣṭhāham iti vartate ||BhGS_14.27||
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iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||14||
BhG 15
atha puruṣottama-yogo nāma pañcadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavat-pāda-viracitam śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣyam)
yasmān mad-adhīnaṃ karmiṇāṃ karma-phalaṃ jñānināṃ ca jñāna-phalam, ato bhakti-yogena māṃ ye sevante te mama prasādāj jñāna-prāpti-krameṇa guṇātītā mokṣaṃ gacchanti | kim u vaktavyam ātmanas tattvam eva samyak vijānanta ity ato bhagavān arjunenāpṛṣṭo 'py ātmanas tattvaṃ vivakṣur uvāca ūrdhva-mūlam ity ādinā | tatra tāvad vṛkṣa-rūpaka-kalpanayā vairāgya-hetoḥ saṃsāra-svarūpaṃ varṇayati - viraktasya hi saṃsārāt bhagavat-tattva-jñāne 'dhikāraḥ, nānyasyeti | śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
ūrdhva-mūlam adhaḥ-śākham aśvatthaṃ prāhur avyayam |
chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni yas taṃ veda sa veda-vit ||BhG_15.1||
ūrdhva-mūlaṃ kālataḥ sūkṣmatvāt kāraṇatvān nityatvāt mahattvāc cordhvam | ucyate brahmāvyaktaṃ māyā śaktimat, tan mūlam asyeti so 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaḥ ūrdhva-mūlaḥ | śruteś ca - ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ [KaṭhU 2.3.1] iti | purāṇe ca -
avyakta-mūla-prabhavas tasyaivānugrahotthitaḥ |
buddhi-skandha-mayaś caiva indriyāntara-koṭaraḥ ||
mahā-bhūta-viśākhaś ca viṣayaiḥ patravāṃs tathā |
dharmādharma-supuṣpaś ca sukha-duḥkha-phalodayaḥ ||
ājīvyaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahma-vṛkṣaḥ sanātanaḥ |
etad brahma-vanaṃ cāsya brahmācarati sākṣivat ||
etac chittvā ca bhittvā ca jñānena paramāsinā | tataś cātma-gatiṃ prāpya tasmān nāvartate punaḥ || [Mbh 14.35.20-22] ity ādi |
tam ūrdhva-mūlaṃ saṃsāraṃ māyā-mayaṃ vṛkṣam āhuḥ | adhaḥ-śākhaṃ mahad-ahaṃkāra-tanmātrādayaḥ śākhā ivāsyādho bhavantīti so 'yam adhaḥ-śākhaḥ, tam adhaḥ-śākham | na śvo 'pi sthātety aśvatthas taṃ kṣaṇa-pradhvaṃsinam aśvatthaṃ prāhuḥ kathayanty avyayaṃ saṃsāra-māyāyā anādi-kāla-pravṛttatvāt so 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣo 'vyayaḥ, anādy-anta-dehādi-saṃtānāśrayo hi suprasiddhaḥ, tam avyayam | tasyaiva saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya idam anyat viśeṣaṇam - chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni, chandāṃsi cchādanād ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-lakṣaṇāni yasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parṇānīva parṇāni | yathā vṛkṣasya parirakṣaṇārthāni parṇāni, tathā vedāḥ saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-parirakṣaṇārthā dharmādharma-tad-dhetu-phala-prakāśanārthatvāt | yathā-vyākhyātaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ sa-mūlaṃ yas taṃ veda sa veda-vit, vedārtha-vid ity arthaḥ | na hi sa-mūlāt saṃsāra-vṛkṣād asmāj jñeyo 'nyo 'ṇu-mātro 'py avaśiṣṭo 'stīty ataḥ sarvajñaḥ sarva-vedārtha-vid iti sa-mūla-saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-jñānaṃ stauti ||BhGS_15.1||
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tasyaitasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyāparāvayava-kalpanocyate -
adhaś cordhvaṃ prasṛtās tasya śākhā
guṇa-pravṛddhā viṣaya-pravālāḥ |
adhaś ca mūlāny anusaṃtatāni
karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke ||BhG_15.2||
adho manuṣyādibhyo yāvat sthāvaram, ata ūrdhvaṃ ca yāvad brahmaṇo viśva-sṛjo dhāma ity etad-antaṃ yathā-karma yathā-śrutaṃ jñāna-karma-phalāni, tasya vṛkṣasya śākhā iva śākhāḥ prasṛtāḥ pragatāḥ | guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ guṇaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ pravṛddhāḥ sthūlīkṛtā upādāna-bhūtaiḥ | viṣaya-pravālā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ pravālā iva dehādi-karma-phalebhyaḥ śākhābhyo 'ṅkurī-bhavantīva, tena viṣaya-pravālāḥ śākhāḥ | saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parama-mūlaṃ upādāna-kāraṇaṃ pūrvam uktam | athedānīṃ karma-phala-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā mūlānīva dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kāraṇāny avāntara-bhāvīni tāny adhaś ca devādy-apekṣayā mūlāny anusantatāny anupraviṣṭani karmānubandhīni karma dharmādharma-lakṣaṇam anubandhaḥ paścād-bhāvi, yeṣām udbhūtim anu udbhavati, tāni karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke viśeṣataḥ | atra hi manuṣyāṇāṃ karmādhikāraḥ prasiddhaḥ ||BhGS_15.2||
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yas tv ayaṃ varṇitaḥ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaḥ -
na rūpam asyeha tathopalabhyate
nānto na cādir na ca saṃpratiṣṭhā |
aśvattham enaṃ su-virūḍha-mūlam
asaṅga-śastreṇa dṛḍhena chittvā ||BhG_15.3||
na rūpam asyeha yathopavarṇitaṃ tathā naiva upalabhyate, svapna-marīcy-udaka-māyā-gandharva-nagara-samatvāt | dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-svarūpo hi sa ity ata eva nānto na paryanto niṣṭhā parisamāptir vā vidyate | tathā na cādiḥ | "ita ārabhyāyaṃ pravṛttaḥ" iti na kenacid gamyate | na ca saṃpratiṣṭhā sthitir madhyam asya na kenacid upalabhyate | aśvattham enaṃ yathoktaṃ suvirūḍha-mūlaṃ suṣṭhu virūḍhāni virohaṃ gatāni sudṛḍhāni mūlāni yasya tam enaṃ suvirūḍha-mūlam | asaṅga-śastreṇa asaṅgaḥ putra-vitta-lokaiṣaṇābhyo vyutthānaṃ tenāsaṅga-śastreṇa dṛḍhena paramātmābhimukhya-niścaya-dṛḍhīkṛtena punaḥ punar vivekābhyāsāśma-niśitena cchitvā saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ sa-bījam uddhṛtya ||BhGS_15.3||
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tataḥ padaṃ tat parimārgitavyaṃ
yasmin gatā na nivartanti bhūyaḥ |
tam eva cādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye
yataḥ pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā purāṇī ||BhG_15.4||
tataḥ paścāt yat padaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ tat parimārgitavyam, parimārgaṇam anveṣaṇaṃ jñātavyam ity arthaḥ | yasmin pade gatāḥ praviṣṭā na nivartanti nāvartante bhūyaḥ punaḥ saṃsārāya | kathaṃ parimārgitavyam ity āha - tam eva ca yaḥ pada-śabdenokta ādyam ādau bhavam ādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye ity evaṃ parimārgitavyaṃ tac-charaṇatayā ity arthaḥ | ko 'sau puruṣaḥ ? ity ucyate - yato yasmāt puruṣāt saṃsāra-māyā-vṛkṣa-pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā niḥsṛtā aindrajālikād iva māyā | purāṇī ciraṃtanī ||BhGS_15.4||
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kathaṃ-bhūtās tat padaṃ gacchantīty ucyate -
nirmāna-mohā jita-saṅga-doṣā
adhyātma-nityā vinivṛtta-kāmāḥ |
dvandvair vimuktāḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṃjñair
gacchanty amūḍhāḥ padam avyayaṃ tat ||BhG_15.5||
nirmāna-mohā mānaś ca mohaś ca māna-mohau, tau nirgatau yebhyas te nirmāna-mohā māna-moha-varjitāḥ | jita-saṅga-doṣāḥ saṅga eva doṣaḥ saṅga-doṣaḥ, jitaḥ saṅga-doṣo yais te jita-saṅga-doṣāḥ | adhyātma-nityāḥ paramātma-svarūpālocana-nityās tat-parāḥ | vinivṛtta-kāmā viśeṣato nirlepena nivṛttāḥ kāmā yeṣāṃ te vinivṛtta-kāmāḥ | yatayaḥ saṃnyāsino dvandvaiḥ priyāpriyādibhir vimuktāḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṃjñaiḥ parityaktā gacchanty amūḍhā moha-varjitāḥ padam avyayaṃ tad yathoktam ||BhGS_15.5||
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tad eva padaṃ punar viśeṣyate -
na tad bhāsayate sūryo na śaśāṅko na pāvakaḥ |
yad gatvā na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṃ mama ||BhG_15.6||
tat dhāmeti vyavahitena dhāmnā saṃbadhyate | tad dhāma tejo-rūpaṃ padaṃ na bhāsayate sūrya ādityaḥ sarvāvabhāsana-śaktimattve 'pi sati | tathā na śaśāṅkaś candraḥ, na pāvako nāgnir api | yad dhāma vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ gatvā prāpya na nivartante, yac ca sūryādir na bhāsayate, tad dhāma padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇor mama padam ||BhGS_15.6||
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nanu sarvā hi gatir āgaty-antāḥ | saṃyogāḥ viprayogāntāḥ [Mbh 11.2.3] iti hi prasiddham | katham ucyate tat dhāma gatānāṃ nāsti nivṛttiḥ ? iti | sṛṇu tatra kāraṇam -
mamaivāṃśo jīva-loke jīva-bhūtaḥ sanātanaḥ |
manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi prakṛti-sthāni karṣati ||BhG_15.7||
mamaiva param ātmano nārāyaṇasya, aṃśo bhāgo 'vayava eka-deśa ity anarthāntaraṃ jīva-loke jīvānāṃ loke saṃsāre jīva-bhūtaḥ kartā bhokteti prasiddhaḥ sanātanaś cirantanaḥ | yathā jala-sūryakaḥ sūryāṃśo jala-nimittāpāye sūryam eva gatvā na nivartate ca tenaivātmanā gacchati, evam eva | yathā ghaṭādy-upādhi-paricchinno ghaṭādy-ākāśa ākāśāṃśaḥ san ghaṭādi-nimittāpāye ākāśaṃ prāpya na nivartate | ata upapannam uktam yad gatvā na nivartante iti |
nanu niravayavasya paramātmanaḥ kuto 'vayava eka-deśo 'ṃśaḥ iti ? sāvayavatve ca vināśa-prasaṅgo 'vayava-vibhāgāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ, avidyā-kṛtopādhi-paricchinna eka-deśo 'ṃśa iva kalpito yataḥ | darśitaś cāyam arthaḥ kṣetrādhyāye vistaraśaḥ | sa ca jīvo mad-aṃśatvena kalpitaḥ kathaṃ saṃsaraty utkrāmati ca ? ity ucyate - manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni prakṛti-sthāni sva-sthāne karṇa-śaṣkuly-ādau prakṛtau sthitāni karṣati ākarṣati ||BhGS_15.7||
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kasmin kāle ? -
śarīraṃ yad avāpnoti yac cāpy utkrāmatīśvaraḥ |
gṛhītvaitāni saṃyāti vāyur gandhān ivāśayāt ||BhG_15.8||
yac cāpi yadā cāpi utkrāmatīśvaro dehādi-saṃghāta-svāmī jīvaḥ, tadā karṣati [15.8] iti ślokasya dvitīya-pādo 'rtha-vaśāt prāthamyena saṃbadhyate | yadā ca pūrvasmāt śarīrāt śarīrāntaram avāpnoti tadā gṛhītvaitāni manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi saṃyāti samyak yāti gacchati | kim iva ? ity āha - vāyuḥ pavano gandhān iva āśayāt puṣpādeḥ ||BhGS_15.8||
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kāni punas tāni -
śrotraṃ cakṣuḥ sparśanaṃ ca rasanaṃ ghrāṇam eva ca |
adhiṣṭhāya manaś cāyaṃ viṣayān upasevate ||BhG_15.9||
śrotraṃ cakṣuḥ sparśanaṃ ca tvag-indriyaṃ rasanaṃ ghrāṇam eva ca manaś ca ṣaṣṭhaṃ pratyekam indriyeṇa saha, adhiṣṭhāya deha-stho viṣayān śabdādīn upasevate ||BhGS_15.9||
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evaṃ deha-gataṃ dehāt -
utkrāmantaṃ sthitaṃ vāpi bhuñjānaṃ vā guṇānvitam |
vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti paśyanti jñāna-cakṣuṣaḥ ||BhG_15.10||
utkrāmantaṃ dehaṃ pūrvopāttaṃ parityajantaṃ sthitaṃ vāpi dehe tiṣṭhantaṃ bhuñjānāṃ vā śabdādīṃś copalabhamānaṃ guṇānvitaṃ sukha-duḥkha-mohādyair guṇair anvitam anugataṃ saṃyuktam ity arthaḥ | evaṃ-bhūtam apy enam atyanta-darśana-gocara-prāptaṃ vimūḍhā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣaya-bhoga-balākṛṣṭa-cetas tayānekadhā mūḍhā nānupaśyanti | aho kaṣṭaṃ vartate ity anukrośati ca bhagavān | ye tu punaḥ pramāṇa-janita-jñāna-cakṣuṣas ta enaṃ paśyanti jñāna-cakṣuṣo vivikta-dṛṣṭaya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_15.10||
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yatanto yoginaś cainaṃ paśyanty ātmany avasthitam |
yatanto 'py akṛtātmāno nainaṃ paśyanty acetasaḥ ||BhG_15.11||
yatantaḥ prayatnaṃ kurvanto yoginaś ca samāhita-cittā enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ paśyanty ayam aham asmīty upalabhanta ātmani svasyāṃ buddhāv avasthitam | yatanto 'pi śāstrādi-pramāṇair akṛtātmāno 'saṃskṛtātmānas tapasā indriya-jayena ca, duścaritād anuparatāḥ, aśānta-darpāḥ prayatnaṃ kurvanto 'pi nainaṃ paśyanty acetaso 'vivekinaḥ ||BhGS_15.11||
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yat padaṃ sarvasyāvabhāsakamapy agnyādity ādikaṃ jyotiḥ nāvabhāsayate, yat prāptā ca mumukṣavaḥ punaḥ saṃsārābhimukhāḥ na nivartante, yasya ca padasya upādhi-bhedam anuvidhīyamānāḥ jīvāḥ - ghaṭākāśādayaḥ iva ākāśasya - aṃśāḥ, tasya padasya sarvātmatvaṃ sarvavyavahārāspadatvaṃ ca vivakṣuś caturbhiḥ ślokaiḥ vibhūtisaṃkṣepamāha bhagavān -
yad āditya-gataṃ tejo jagad bhāsayate 'khilam |
yac candramasi yac cāgnau tat tejo viddhi māmakam ||BhG_15.12||
yat āditya-gatam ādityāśrayam | kiṃ tat ? tejo dīptiḥ prakāśo jagad bhāsayate prakāśayaty akhilaṃ samastam | yac candramasi śaśabhṛti tejo 'vabhāsakaṃ vartate, yac cāgnau hutavahe, tat tejo viddhi vijānīhi māmakaṃ madīyaṃ mama viṣṇos taj jyotiḥ | athavā, āditya-gataṃ tejaś caitanyātmakaṃ jyotir yac candramasi, yac cāgnau vartate tat tejo viddhi māmakaṃ madīyaṃ mama viṣṇos taj jyotiḥ |
nanu sthāvareṣu jaṅgameṣu ca tat samānaṃ caitanyātmakaṃ jyotiḥ | tatra katham idaṃ viśeṣaṇam - yad āditya-gatam ity ādi | naiṣa doṣaḥ, sattvādhikyād vistaratvopapatteḥ | ādity-ādiṣu hi sattvam atyanta-prakāśam atyanta-bhāsvaram | atas tatraivāvistaraṃ jyotir iti tad viśiṣyate, na tu tatraiva tad adhikam iti | yathā hi loke tulye 'pi mukha-saṃsthāne na kāṣṭha-kuḍyādau mukham āvirbhavati, ādarśādau tu svacche svacchatare ca tāratamyenāvirbhavati, tadvat ||BhGS_15.12||
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kiṃ ca -
gām āviśya ca bhūtāni dhārayāmy aham ojasā |
puṣṇāmi cauṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ somo bhūtvā rasātmakaḥ ||BhG_15.13||
gāṃ pṛthivīm āviśya praviśya dhārayāmi bhūtāni jagad aham ojasā balena | yad balaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ jagad-vidhāraṇāya pṛthivyām praviṣṭaṃ yena pṛthivī gurvī nādhaḥ patati na vidīryate ca | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ - yena dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā [TaittS 4.1.8] iti, sa dādhāra pṛthivīm [Ṛk 8.7.3.1] ity ādiś ca | ato gām āviśya ca bhūtāni carācarāṇi dhārayāmīti yuktam uktam | kiṃ ca, pṛthivyāṃ jātā oṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ vrīhi-yavādyāḥ puṣṇāmi puṣṭi-matīḥ rasa-svādumatī ca karomi somo bhūtvā rasātmakaḥ somaḥ san rasātmakaḥ rasa-svabhāvaḥ | sarva-rasānām ākaraḥ somaḥ | sa hi sarva-rasātmakaḥ sarvāḥ oṣadhīḥ svātma-rasān anupraveśayan puṣṇāti ||BhGS_15.13||
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kiṃ ca -
ahaṃ vaiśvānaro bhūtvā prāṇināṃ deham āśritaḥ |
prāṇāpāna-samāyuktaḥ pacāmy annaṃ catur-vidham ||BhG_15.14||
aham eva vai vaiśvānara udara-stho 'gnir bhūtvā - ayam agnir vaiśvānaro yo 'yam antaḥ puruṣe yenedam annaṃ pacyate yad idam adyate [BAU 5.9.1] ity ādi-śruteḥ | vaiśvānaraḥ san prāṇināṃ prāṇavatāṃ deham āśritaḥ praviṣṭaḥ prāṇāpāna-samāyuktaḥ prāṇāpānābhyāṃ samāyuktaḥ saṃyuktaḥ pacāmi paṅkti karomy annam aśanaṃ caturvidhaṃ catuṣprakāraṃ bhojyaṃ bhakṣyaṃ coṣyaṃ lehyaṃ ca | bhoktā vai vānaro 'gniḥ | agner bhojyam annaṃ somaḥ | tad etad ubhayam agnīṣomau sarvam iti paśyato 'nna-doṣa-lepo na bhavati ||BhGS_15.14||
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kiṃ ca -
sarvasya cāhaṃ hṛdi saṃniviṣṭo
mattaḥ smṛtir jñānam apohanaṃ ca |
vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyo
vedānta-kṛd veda-vid eva cāham ||BhG_15.15||
sarvasya ca prāṇi-jātasyāham ātmā san hṛdi buddhau saṃniviṣṭaḥ | ato matta ātmanaḥ sarva-prāṇināṃ smṛtir jñānaṃ tad-apohanaṃ cāpagamanaṃ ca | yeṣāṃ yathā puṇya-karmaṇāṃ puṇya-karmānurodhena jñāna-smṛtī bhavataḥ, tathā pāpa-karmaṇāṃ pāpa-karmānurūpeṇa smṛti-jñānayor apohanaṃ cāpāyanam apagamanaṃ ca | vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva paramātmā vedyo veditavyaḥ | vedānta-kṛd vedāntārtha-saṃpradāya-kṛd ity arthaḥ, veda-vid vedārtha-vid eva cāham ||BhGS_15.15||
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bhagavata īśvarasya nārāyaṇākhyasya vibhūti-saṃkṣepa ukto viśiṣṭopādhi-kṛto yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.12] ity ādinā | athādhunā tasyaiva kṣarākṣaropādhi-pravibhaktatayā nirupādhikasya kevalasya tattva-svarūpa-nirdidhārayiṣayottara-ślokā ārabhyante | tatra sarvam evātītān āgatān antarādhyāyārtha-jātaṃ tridhā rāśīkṛtya āha -
dvāv imau puruṣau loke kṣaraś cākṣara eva ca |
kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni kūṭastho 'kṣara ucyate ||BhG_15.16||
dvāv imau pṛthag-rāśī-kṛtau puruṣāv ity ucyete loke saṃsāre - kṣaraś ca kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī ity eko rāśiḥ | aparaḥ puruṣo 'kṣaras tad-viparītaḥ, bhagavato māyā-śaktiḥ, kṣarākhyasya puruṣasya utpatti-bījam aneka-saṃsāri-jantu-kāma-karmādi-saṃskārāśraya akṣaraḥ puruṣa ucyate | kau tau puruṣau ? ity āha svayam eva bhagavān - kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni, samastaṃ vikāra-jātam ity arthaḥ | kūṭāsthaḥ kūṭāḥ rāśī rāśir iva sthitaḥ | athavā, kūṭā māyā vacanā jihmatā kuṭilatā iti paryāyāḥ | aneka-māyā-vacanādi-prakāreṇa sthitaḥ kūṭāsthaḥ | saṃsāra-bījānantyāt, na kṣaratīty akṣara ucyate ||BhGS_15.16||
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ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyām anyo vilakṣaṇaḥ kṣarākṣaropādhi-dvaya-doṣeṇāspṛṣṭaḥ nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvaḥ -
uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ |
yo loka-trayam āviśya bibharty avyaya īśvaraḥ ||BhG_15.17||
uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ puruṣas tv anyo 'tyanta-vilakṣaṇa ābhyāṃ paramātmeti paramaś cāsau dehādy-avidyā-kṛtātmabhyaḥ, ātmaś ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ pratyak-cetanaḥ, ity ataḥ paramātmety udāhṛta ukto vedānteṣu | sa eva viśiṣyate yo loka-trayaṃ bhūr-bhuvaḥ-svar-ākhyaṃ svakīyayā caitanya-bala-śaktyā āviśya praviśya bibharti svarūpa-sad-bhāva-mātreṇa bibharti dhārayati | avyayo nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | kaḥ ? īśvaraḥ sarvajño nārāyaṇākhya īśana-śīlaḥ ||BhGS_15.17||
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yathā-vyākhyātasyeśvarasya puruṣottama ity etat nāma prasiddham | tasya nāma-nirvacana-prasiddhayārthavattvaṃ nāmno darśayan niratiśayo 'ham īśvara ity ātmānaṃ darśayati bhagavān -
yasmāt kṣaram atīto 'ham akṣarād api cottamaḥ |
ato 'smi loke vede ca prathitaḥ puruṣottamaḥ ||BhG_15.18||
yasmāt kṣaram atīto 'haṃ saṃsāra-māyā-vṛkṣam aśvatthākhyam atikrānto 'ham akṣarād api saṃsāra-māyā-rūpa-vṛkṣa-bīja-bhūtād api cottama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ ūrdhvatamo vā | atas tābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyām uttamatvād asmi loke vede ca prathitaḥ prakhyātaḥ | puruṣottama ity evaṃ māṃ bhakta-janā viduḥ | kavayaḥ kāvyādiṣu cedaṃ nāma nibadhnanti | puruṣottama ity anenābhidhānenābhigṛṇanti ||BhGS_15.18||
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athedānīṃ yathā-niruktam ātmānaṃ yo veda, tasyedaṃ phalam ucyate -
yo mām evam asaṃmūḍho jānāti puruṣottamam |
sa sarva-vid bhajati māṃ sarva-bhāvena bhārata ||BhG_15.19||
yo mām īśvaraṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇam evaṃ yathoktena prakāreṇa asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-varjitaḥ san jānāty ayam aham asmīti puruṣottamaṃ, sa sarva-vit sarvātmanā sarvaṃ vettīti sarvajñaḥ sarva-bhūta-sthaṃ bhajati māṃ sarva-bhāvena sarvātmatayā he bhārata ||BhGS_15.19||
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asmin adhyāye bhagavat-tattva-jñānaṃ mokṣa-phalam uktvā, atha idānīṃ tat stauti -
iti guhyatamaṃ śāstram idam uktaṃ mayānagha |
etad buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛta-kṛtyaś ca bhārata ||BhG_15.20||
iti etad guhyatamaṃ gopyatamam, atyanta-rahasyaṃ ity etat | kiṃ tat ? śāstram | yady api gītākhyaṃ samastam śāstram ucyate, tathāpy ayam evādhyāya iha śāstram ity ucyate stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇāt | sarvo hi gītā-śāstrārtho 'smin adhyāye samāsena uktaḥ | na kevalaṃ gītā-śāstrārtha eva, kiṃtu sarvaś ca vedārtha iha parisamāptaḥ | yas taṃ veda sa veda-vit [Gītā 15.1] vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyaḥ [Gītā 15.15] iti coktam | idam uktaṃ kathitaṃ mayā he 'nagha apāpa ! etac chāstraṃ yathā-darśitārthaṃ buddhvā buddhimān syāt bhavet nānyathā | kṛta-kṛtyaś ca bhārata kṛtaṃ kṛtyaṃ kartavyaṃ yena sa kṛta-kṛtyaḥ | viśiṣṭa-janma-prasūtena brāhmaṇena yat kartavyaṃ tat sarvaṃ bhagavat-tattve vidite kṛtaṃ bhaved ity arthaḥ | na cānyathā kartavyaṃ parisamāpyate kasyacid ity abhiprāyaḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate [Gītā 4.33] iti coktam |
etad dhi janma-sāmagryaṃ brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ |
prāpyaitat kṛta-kṛtyo hi dvijo bhavati nānyathā || [Manu 12.93]
iti ca mānavaṃ vacanam | yataḥ etat paramārthatattvaṃ mattaḥ śrutavān asi, ataḥ kṛtārthas tvaṃ bhārateti ||BhGS_15.20||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
pañcadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 16
atha daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
daivī āsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇiṇāṃ prakṛtayo navame 'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tāsāṃ vistareṇa pradarśanāya abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādir adhyāyaḥ ārabhyate | tatra saṃsāra-mokṣāya daivī prakṛtiḥ, nibandhāyāsurī rākṣasī ceti daivyā ādānāya pradarśanaṃ kriyate | itarayoḥ parivarjanāya ca śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ |
dānaṃ damaś ca yajñaś ca svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam ||BhG_16.1||
abhayam abhīrutā | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ sattvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya saṃśuddhiḥ | saṃvyavahāreṣu para-vañcanā-māyānṛtādi-parivarjanaṃ śuddha-sattva-bhāvena vyavahāra ity arthaḥ | jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitir jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś ca ātmādi-padārthānām avagamaḥ | avagatānām indriyādy-upasaṃhāreṇaikāgratayā svātma-saṃvedyatāpādanaṃ yogaḥ | tayor jñāna-yogayor vyāvasthitiḥ vyavasthānaṃ tan-niṣṭhatā | eṣā pradhānā daivī sāttvikī socyate | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgo 'nnādīnām | damaś ca bāhya-karaṇānām upaśamaḥ | antaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaṃ śāntiṃ vakṣyati | yajñaś ca śrauto 'gnihotrādiḥ | smārtaś ca deva-yajñādiḥ | svādhyāya ṛg-vedādyadhyayanam adṛṣṭārtham | tapo vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavam ṛjutvaṃ sarvadā ||BhGS_16.1||
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kiṃ ca -
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ śāntir apaiśunam |
dayā bhūteṣv aloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīr acāpalam ||BhG_16.2||
ahiṃsāhiṃsanaṃ prāṇināṃ pīḍā-varjanam | satyam apriyānṛta-varjitaṃ yathā-bhūtārtha-vacanam | akrodhaḥ parair ākruṣṭasyābhihatasya vā prāptasya krodhasya upaśamanam | tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ, pūrvaṃ dānasyoktatvāt | śāntir antaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | apaiśunam apiśunatā | parasmai para-randhra-prakaṭī-karaṇaṃ paiśunam, tad-abhāvo 'paiśunam | dayā kṛpā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣu | aloluptvam indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv avikriyā | mārdavaṃ mṛdutākrauryam | hrīr lajjā | acāpalam asati prayojane vāk-pāṇi-pādādīnām avyāpārayitṛtvam ||BhGS_16.2||
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kiṃ ca -
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucam adroho nātimānitā |
bhavanti saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijātasya bhārata ||BhG_16.3||
tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ na tvag-gatā dīptiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāntar-vikriyānutpattiḥ | utpannāyāṃ vikriyāyām praaśamanam akrodha ity avocāma | itthaṃ kṣamāyā akrodhasya ca viśeṣaḥ | dhṛtir dehendriyeṣv avasādaṃ prāpteṣu tasya pratiṣedhako 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni dehaś ca nāvasīdanti | śaucaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ mṛj-jala-kṛtaṃ bāhyam ābhyantaraṃ ca mano-buddhayor nairmalyaṃ māyā-rāgādi-kāluṣyābhāvaḥ | evaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ śaucam | adrohaḥ para-jighāṃsābhāvo 'hiṃsanam | nātimānitā atyarthaṃ māno 'timānaḥ, sa yasya vidyate so 'timānī | tad-bhāvo 'timānitā | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā ātmanaḥ pūjyatātiśaya-bhāvanābhāva ity arthaḥ | bhavanty abhayādīni etad-antāni saṃpadam abhijātasya | kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ saṃpadam ? daivīṃ devānāṃ yā saṃpat tām abhilakṣya jātasya deva-vibhūty-arhasya bhāvi-kalyāṇasyety arthaḥ | he bhārata ! ||BhGS_16.3||
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athedānīṃ āsurī saṃpad ucyate -
dambho darpo 'timānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca |
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha saṃpadam āsurīm ||BhG_16.4||
dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo vidyā-dhana-svajanādi-nimitta utsekaḥ | atimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇam cakṣuṣmān, virūpaṃ rūpavān, hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ cāviveka-jñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-mithyā-pratyayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha | kim-abhijātasyety āha - saṃpadam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ saṃpat āsurī tām abhijātasya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.4||
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anayoḥ saṃpadoḥ kāryam ucyate -
daivī saṃpad vimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā |
mā śucaḥ saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'si pāṇḍava ||BhG_16.5||
daivī saṃpat yā sā vimokṣāya saṃsāra-bandhanāt | nibandhāya niyato bandho nibandhas tad-artham āsurī saṃpat matā abhipretā | tathā rākṣasī ca | tatraivam ukte saty ar junasyāntar-gataṃ bhāvam kim aham āsura-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? kiṃ vā daiva-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? ity evam ālocanā-rūpam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'sy abhilakṣya jāto 'si | bhāvi-kalyāṇas tvam asīty arthaḥ | he pāṇḍāva ||BhGS_16.5||
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dvau bhūta-sargau loke 'smin daiva āsura eva ca |
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śṛṇu ||BhG_16.6||
dvau dvi-saṃkhyākau bhūta-sargau bhūtānāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ sargau sṛṣṭī bhūta-sargau sṛjyeteti sargau bhūtāny eva sṛjyamānāni daivāsura-saṃpad-dvaya-yuktānīti dvau bhūta-sargāv ity ucyate | dvayā ha vai prājāpatyā devāś cāsurā ca [BAU 1.3.1] iti śruteḥ | loke 'smin, saṃsāra ity arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ dvaividhyopapatteḥ | kau tau bhūta-sargau ? ity ucyate - prakṛtāv eva daiva āsura eva ca | uktayor eva punar anuvāde prayojanam āha - daivo bhūta-sargo 'bhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādinā vistaraśo vistara-prakāraiḥ proktaḥ kathitaḥ, na tu āsuro vistaraśaḥ | atas tat-parivarjanārtham āsuraṃ pārtha me mama vacanād ucyamānaṃ vistaraśaḥ sṛṇu avadhāraya ||BhGS_16.6||
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ā adhyāya-parisamāpter āsurī saṃpat prāṇi-viśeṣaṇatvena pradarśyate, pratyakṣī-karaṇena ca śakyate tasyāḥ parivarjanaṃ kartum iti -
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidur āsurāḥ |
na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate ||BhG_16.7||
pravṛttiṃ ca pravartanaṃ yasmin puruṣārtha-sādhane kartavye pravṛttis tām, nivṛttiṃ ca etad-viparītāṃ yasmāt anartha-hetoḥ nivartitavyaṃ sā nivṛttis tāṃ ca, janā āsurā na vidur na jānanti | na kevalaṃ pravṛtti-nivṛttī eva te na viduḥ, na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate | aśaucā anācārā māyāvino 'nṛta-vādino hy āsurāḥ ||BhGS_16.7||
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kiṃ ca -
asatyam apratiṣṭhaṃ te jagad āhur anīśvaram |
aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kim anyat kāma-haitukam ||BhG_16.8||
asatyaṃ yathā vayam anṛta-prāyās tathedaṃ jagat sarvam asatyam | apratiṣṭhaṃ ca nāsya dharmādharmau pratiṣṭhāto 'pratiṣṭhaṃ ceti | te āsurāḥ janāḥ jagad āhur anīśvaram na ca dharmādharma-sa-vyapekṣako 'sya śāsiteśvaro vidyata ity ato 'nīśvaraṃ jagad āhuḥ | kiṃ ca, aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kāma-prayuktayoḥ strī-puruṣayor anyonya-saṃyogāj jagat sarvaṃ saṃbhūtam | kim anyat kāma-haitukam | kāma-hetukam eva kāma-haitukam | kim anyaj jagataḥ kāraṇam ? na kiṃcit adṛṣṭaṃ dharmādharmādi kāraṇāntaraṃ vidyate | jagataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇam iti lokāyatika-dṛṣṭir iyam ||BhGS_16.8||
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etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno 'lpa-buddhayaḥ |
prabhavanty ugra-karmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato 'hitāḥ ||BhG_16.9||
etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya āśritya naṣṭatmāno naṣṭa-svabhāvā vibhraṣṭa-para-loka-sādhanā alpa-buddhayo viṣaya-viṣayālpaiva buddhir yeṣāṃ te 'lpa-buddhayaḥ prabhavanti udbhavanti ugra-karmāṇaḥ krūra-karmāṇo hiṃsātmakāḥ | kṣayāya jagataḥ prabhavantīti saṃbandhaḥ || jagato 'hitāḥ śatravaḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.9||
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te ca -
kāmam āśritya duṣpūraṃ dambha-māna-madānvitāḥ |
mohād gṛhītvāsad-grāhān pravartante 'śucivratāḥ ||BhG_16.10||
kāmam icchā-viśeṣam āśritya avaṣṭabhya duṣpūram aśakya-pūraṇaṃ dambha-māna-madānvitā dambhaś ca mānaś ca madaś ca dambha-māna-madās tair anvitāḥ dambha-māna-madānvitā mohād avivekato gṛhītvā upādāya asad-grāhān aśubha-niścayān pravartante loke aśuci-vratāḥ aśucīni vratāni yeṣāṃ te 'śuci-vratāḥ ||BhGS_16.10||
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kiṃ ca -
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ |
kāmopabhoga-paramā etāvad iti niścitāḥ ||BhG_16.11||
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca, na parimātuṃ śakyate yasyāś cintāyā iyattā sāparimeyā, tām aparimeyām, pralayāntāṃ maraṇāntām upāśritāḥ, sadā cintā-parā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ, kāmyante iti kāmā viṣayāḥ śabdādayas tad-upabhoga-paramā ayam eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho yaḥ kāmopabhoga ity evaṃ niścitātmānaḥ | etāvat iti niścitāḥ ||BhGS_16.11||
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āśā-pāśa-śatair baddhāḥ kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ |
īhante kāma-bhogārtham anyāyenārtha-saṃcayān ||BhG_16.12||
āśā-pāśa-śatair āśaiva pāśās tac-chatair baddhāḥ niyantritāḥ santaḥ sarvata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ, kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yeṣāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ | īhante ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ kāma-bhoga-prayojanāya na dharmārtham | anyāyena para-svāpaharaṇādinety arthaḥ | kim ? artha-saṃcayān artha-pracayān ||BhGS_16.12||
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īdṛśaś ca teṣām abhiprāyaḥ -
idam adya mayā labdham idaṃ prāpsye manoratham |
idam astīdam api me bhaviṣyati punar dhanam ||BhG_16.13||
idaṃ dravyam adya idānīṃ mayā labdham | idaṃ cānyat prāpsye manorathaṃ manas-tuṣṭi-karam | idaṃ cāstīdam api me bhaviṣyati āgāmini saṃvatsare punar dhanaṃ tenāhaṃ dhanī vikhyāto bhaviṣyāmīti ||BhGS_16.13||
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asau mayā hataḥ śatrur haniṣye cāparān api |
īśvaro 'ham ahaṃ bhogī siddho 'haṃ balavān sukhī ||BhG_16.14||
asau devadattanāmā mayā hato durjayaḥ śatruḥ | haniṣye cāparān anyān varākān api | kim ete kariṣyanti tapasvinaḥ | sarvathāpi nāsti mattulyaḥ | katham ? īśvaro 'ham, ahaṃ bhogī | sarva-prakāreṇaś ca siddho 'haṃ saṃpannaḥ putraiḥ naptṛbhiḥ, na kevalaṃ mānuṣaḥ, balavān sukhī cāham eva | anye tu bhūmibhārāyāvitīrṇāḥ ||BhGS_16.14||
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āḍhyo 'bhijanavān asmi ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśo mayā |
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ ||BhG_16.15||
āḍhaḍḥ dhanena, abhijanavān saptapuruṣaṃ śrotriyatvādisaṃpannaḥ - tenāpi na mama tulyo 'sti kaścit | ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśas tulyaḥ mayā ? kiṃ ca, yakṣye yāgenāpy anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi naṭādibhyaḥ, modiṣye harṣaṃ cātiśayaṃ prāpsyāmi, iti evam ajñānavimohitāḥ ajñānena vimohitāḥ vividham avivekabhāvam āpannāḥ ||BhGS_16.15||
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aneka-citta-vibhrāntā moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ |
prasaktāḥ kāma-bhogeṣu patanti narake 'śucau ||BhG_16.16||
aneka-citta-vibhrāntā ukta-prakārair anekaiś cittaiḥ vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ, mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ moho 'viveko 'jñānaṃ tad eva jālamiva āvaraṇātmakatvāt, tena samāvṛtāḥ | prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu tatraiva niṣaṇṇāḥ santas tena upacita-kalmaṣāḥ patanti narake 'śucau vaitaraṇyādau ||BhGS_16.16||
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ātma-saṃbhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhana-māna-madānvitāḥ |
yajante nāma-yajñais te dambhenāvidhi-pūrvakam ||BhG_16.17||
ātmasaṃbhāvittāḥ sarvaguṇaviśiṣṭatayā ātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ ātmasaṃbhāvitāḥ, na sādhubhiḥ | stabdhāḥ apraṇatātmānaḥ | dhanamānamadānvitāḥ dhananimittaḥ mānaḥ madaś ca, tābhyāṃ dhanamānamadābhyām anvitāḥ | yajante nāmayajñaiḥ nāmamātrair yajñais te dambhena dharmadhvajitayāvidhipūrvakaṃ vidhivihitāṅgetikartavyatārahitam ||BhGS_16.17||
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ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca saṃśritāḥ |
mām ātma-para-deheṣu pradviṣanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ ||BhG_16.18||
ahaṃkāram ahaṃkaraṇam ahaṃkāraḥ | vidyamānair avidyamānaiś ca guṇair ātmany adhyāropitair viśiṣṭam ātmānam aham iti manyate, so 'haṃkāro 'vidyākhyaḥ kaṣṭatamaḥ sarva-doṣāṇāṃ mūlaṃ sarvānartha-pravṛttīnāṃ ca, tam | tathā balaṃ parābhibhava-nimittaṃ kāma-rāgānvitam | darpaṃ darpo nāma yasya udbhave dharmam atikrāmati so 'yam antaḥkaraṇāśrayo doṣa-viśeṣaḥ | kāmaṃ stry-ādi-viṣayam | krodham aniṣṭa-viṣayam | etān anyāṃś ca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ | kiṃ ca te mām īśvaram ātma-para-deheṣu sva-dehe para-deheṣu ca tad-buddhi-karma-sākṣi-bhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣantaḥ, mac-chāsanātivartitvaṃ pradveṣaḥ, taṃ kurvanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ san-mārga-sthānāṃ guṇeṣu asahamānāḥ ||BhGS_16.18||
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tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrān saṃsāreṣu narādhamān |
kṣipāmy ajasram aśubhān āsurīṣv eva yoniṣu ||BhG_16.19||
tān ahaṃ sanmārgapratipakṣabhūtān sādhudveṣiṇo dviṣataś ca māṃ krūrān saṃsāreṣu evānekanarakasaṃsaraṇamārgeṣu narādhamān adharmadoṣavattvāt kṣipāmi prakṣipāmy ajasraṃ saṃtatam aśubhān aśubhakarmakāriṇaḥ āsurīṣveva krūra-karma-prāyāsu vyāghraṆsahādiyoniṣu kṣipāmītyanena saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_16.19||
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āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mūḍhā janmani janmani |
mām aprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yānty adhamāṃ gatim ||BhG_16.20||
āsurīṃ yonim āpannāḥ pratipannāḥ mūḍhāḥ avivekino janmani janmani pratijanma tamobahulāsveva yoniṣu jāyamānāḥ adho gacchanto mūḍhāḥ mām īśvaram aprāpyānāsādya eva he kaunteya, tatas tasmādapi yānty adhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | mām aprāpyaiveti na mat-prāptau kācid api āśaṅkāsti, ataḥ macchiṣṭasādhumārgam aprāpya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.20||
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sarvasyā āsuryāḥ saṃpadaḥ saṃkṣepo 'yam ucyate, yasmin trividhe sarvaḥ āsurīsaṃpadbhedo 'nanto 'py antarbhavati | yatparihāreṇa parihṛtaś ca bhavati, yat mūlaṃ sarvasyānarthasya, tat etad ucyate -
tri-vidhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ |
kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhas tasmād etat trayaṃ tyajet ||BhG_16.21||
trividhaṃ triprakāraṃ narakasya prāptāv idaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ, yat dvāraṃ praviśanneva naśyati ātmā | kasmaicit puruṣārthāya yogyo na bhavatītyetat, atar ucyate dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ iti | kiṃ tat ? kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhaḥ | tasmāt etat trayaṃ tyajet | yataḥ etat dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanas tasmāt kāmāditrayametat tyajet ||BhGS_16.21||
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tyāga-stutir iyam -
etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tribhir naraḥ |
ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyas tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||BhG_16.22||
etaiḥ vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tamaso narakasya duḥkha-mohātmakasya dvārāṇi kāmādayas taiḥ, etais tribhiḥ vimukto nara ācaraty anutiṣṭhati | kim ? ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ | yat-pratibaddhaḥ pūrvaṃ nācacāra, tad-apagamād ācarati | tatas tad-ācaraṇāt yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam apīti ||BhGS_16.22||
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sarvasya etasya āsurī-saṃpat-parivarjanasya śreya-ācaraṇasya ca śāstraṃ kāraṇam | śāstra-pramāṇād ubhayaṃ śakyaṃ kartum, nānyathā | ataḥ -
yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-kārataḥ |
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim ||BhG_16.23||
yaḥ śāstra-vidhiṃ śāstraṃ vedas tasya vidhiṃ kartavyākartavya-jñāna-kāraṇaṃ vidhi-pratiṣedhākhyam utsṛjya tyaktvā vartate kāma-kārataḥ kāma-prayuktaḥ san, na sa siddhiṃ puruṣārtha-yogyatām avāpnoti, nāpy asmin loke sukhaṃ nāpi parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ svargaṃ mokṣaṃ vā ||BhGS_16.23||
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tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te kāryākārya-vyavasthitau |
jñātvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ karma kartum ihārhasi ||BhG_16.24||
tasmāt śāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanaṃ te tava kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kartavyākartavya-vyavasthāyām | ato jñātvā buddhvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ -- vidhir vidhānaṃ śāstram eva vidhānaṃ śāstra-vidhānaṃ kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-lakṣaṇam, tena uktaṃ sva-karma yat tat kartum ihārhasi | iheti karmādhikāra-bhūmi-pradarśanārtham iti ||BhGS_16.24||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
ṣoḍāśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 17
atha śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yogaḥ saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ ta [Gītā 16.24] iti bhagavad-vākyāl labdha-praśna-bījo 'rjuna uvāca -
ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ |
teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ ||BhG_17.1||
ye kecid aviśeṣitāḥ śāstra-vidhiṃ śāstra-vidhānaṃ śruti-smṛti-śāstra-codanām utsṛjya parityajya yajante devādīn pūjayanti śraddhayānvitāḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyānvitāḥ saṃyuktāḥ santaḥ | śruti-lakṣaṇaṃ smṛti-lakṣaṇaṃ vā kaṃcit śāstra-vidhim apaśyanto vṛddha-vyavahāra-darśanād eva śraddadhānatayā ye devādīn pūjayanti | te iha ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitā ity evaṃ gṛhyante | ye punaḥ kaṃcit śāstra-vidhiṃ upalabhamānaiva tam utsṛjyāyathā-vidhi devādīn pūjayanti | ta iha ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajanta iti na parigṛhyante | kasmāt ? śraddhayānvitatva-viśeṣaṇāt | devādi-pūjā-vidhi-paraṃ kiṃcit śāstraṃ paśyanta eva tad utsṛjyāśraddadhānatayā tad-vihitāyāṃ devādi-pūjāyāṃ śraddhayānvitāḥ pravartanta iti na śakyaṃ kalpayituṃ yasmāt, tasmāt pūrvoktaiva ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitā ity atra gṛhyante | teṣām evaṃ-bhūtānāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ, kiṃ sattvaṃ niṣṭhāvasthānam, āho svit rajaḥ, athavā tama iti | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yā teṣāṃ devādi-viṣayā pūjā, sā kiṃ sāttvikī, āho svit rājasī, uta tāmasīti ||BhGS_17.1||
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sāmānya-viṣayo 'yaṃ praśno nāpravibhajrya prativacanam arhatīti śrībhagavānuvāca -
tri-vidhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāva-jā |
sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śṛṇu ||BhG_17.2||
tri-vidhā tri-prakārā bhavati śraddhā | yasyāṃ niṣṭhāyāṃ tvaṃ pṛcchasi | dehināṃ śarīriṇāṃ sā svabhāva-jā | janmāntara-kṛto dharmādi-saṃskāro maraṇa-kāle 'bhivyaktaḥ svabhāva ucyate, tato jātā svabhāva-jā | sāttvikī sattva-nirvṛttā deva-pūjādi-viṣayā | rājasī rajo-nirvṛttā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pūjādi-viṣayā | tāmasī tamo-nirvṛttā preta-piśācādi-pūjā-viṣayā | evaṃ tri-vidhāṃ tām ucyamānāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇv avadhāraya ||BhGS_17.2||
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sā iyaṃ trividhā bhavati -
sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata |
śraddhā-mayo 'yaṃ puruṣo yo yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ||BhG_17.3||
sattvānurūpā viśiṣṭa-saṃskāropetāntaḥ-karaṇānurūpā sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata | yady evaṃ tataḥ kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyate - śraddhā-mayo 'yaṃ śraddhā-prāyaḥ puruṣaḥ saṃsārī jīvaḥ | katham ? yo yac-chraddho yā śraddhā yasya jīvasya sa yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva tac-chraddhānurūpa eva sa jīvaḥ ||BhGS_17.3||
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tataś ca kāryeṇa liṅgena devādipūjayā sattvādiniṣṭhānumeyā ity āha -
yajante sāttvikā devān yakṣa-rakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ |
pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś cānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ||BhG_17.4||
yajante pūjayanti sāttvikāḥ sattva-niṣṭhā devān, yakṣa-rakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ, pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca sapta-mātṛkādīṃś cānye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ ||BhGS_17.4||
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evaṃ kāryato nirṇītāḥ sattvādi-niṣṭhāḥ śāstra-vidhy-utsarge | tatra kaścid eva sahasreṣu deva-pūjādi-paraḥ sattva-niṣṭho bhavati, bāhulyena tu rajo-niṣṭhās tamo-niṣṭhāś caiva prāṇino bhavanti | katham ? -
aśāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ |
dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ ||BhG_17.5||
aśāstra-vihitaṃ na śāstra-vihitam aśāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ pīḍā-karaṃ prāṇinām ātmanaś ca tapas tapyante nirvartayanti ye janās te ca dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ | dambhaś cāhaṃkāraś ca dambhāhaṃkārau, tābhyāṃ saṃyuktāḥ dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ, kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ kāmaś ca rāgaś ca kāma-rāgau tat-kṛtaṃ balaṃ kāma-rāga-balaṃ tenānvitāḥ kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ ||BhGS_17.5||
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karśayantaḥ śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmam acetasaḥ |
māṃ caivāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ tān viddhy āsura-niścayān ||BhG_17.6||
karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvantaḥ śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam acetaso 'vivekinaḥ māṃ caiva tat-karma-buddhi-sākṣi-bhūtam antaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ karśayantaḥ, mad-anuśāsanākaraṇam eva mat-karśanam | tān viddhy āsura-niścayān āsuro niścayo yeṣāṃ te āsura-niścayās tān pariharaṇārthaṃ viddhīti upadeśaḥ ||BhGS_17.6||
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āhārāṇāṃ ca rasya-snigdhādi-varga-traya-rūpeṇa bhinnānāṃ yathā-kramaṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-puruṣa-priyatva-darśanam iha kriyate rasya-snigdhādiṣu āhāra-viśeṣeṣv ātmanaḥ prīty-atirekeṇa liṅgena sāttvikatvaṃ rājasatvaṃ tāmasatvaṃ ca buddhvā rajas-tamo-liṅgānām āhārāṇāṃ parivarjanārthaṃ sattva-liṅgānāṃ copādānārtham | tathā yajñādīnām api sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena tri-vidhatva-pratipādanam iha rājasa-tāmasān buddhvā kathaṃ nu nāma parityajet, sāttvikān evānutiṣṭhed ity evam artham āha -
āhāras tv api sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ |
yajñas tapas tathā dānaṃ teṣāṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu ||BhG_17.7||
āhāras tv api sarvasya bhoktuḥ prāṇinas tri-vidho bhavati priyaḥ iṣṭaḥ | tathā yajñas tathā tapas tathā dānam | teṣām āhārādīnāṃ bhedam imaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ sṛṇu ||BhGS_17.7||
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āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ |
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ ||BhG_17.8||
āyuś ca sattvaṃ ca balaṃ ca ārogyaṃ ca sukhaṃ ca prītiś ca āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prītayas tāsāṃ vivardhanāḥ āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ | te ca rasyā rasopetāḥ, snigdhāḥ snehavantaḥ, sthirāś cira-kāla-sthāyino dehe, hṛdyāḥ hṛdaya-priyāḥ, āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ sāttvikasyeṣṭāḥ ||BhGS_17.8||
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kaṭv-amla-lavaṇātyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ |
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ ||BhG_17.9||
kaṭv-amla-lavaṇātyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhina ity atrāti-śabdaḥ kaṭvādiṣu sarvatra yojyaḥ | atikaṭuḥ atitīkṣṇaḥ ity evam | kaṭuś cāmlaś ca lavaṇaś cātyuṣṇaś ca tīkṣṇaś ca rūkṣaś ca vidāhī ca te āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ duḥkhaṃ ca śokaṃ cāmayaṃ ca prayacchantīti duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ ||BhGS_17.9||
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yāta-yāmaṃ gata-rasaṃ pūti paryuṣitaṃ ca yat |
ucchiṣṭam api cāmedhyaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasa-priyam ||BhG_17.10||
yāta-yāmaṃ manda-pakvam, nirvīryasya gata-rasa-śabdenoktatvāt | gata-rasaṃ rasa-viyuktam, pūti durgandhi, paryuṣitaṃ ca pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritaṃ ca yat, ucchiṣṭam api bhukta-śiṣṭam ucchiṣṭam, amedhyam ayajñārhaṃ bhojanam īdṛśaṃ tāmasa-priyam ||BhGS_17.10||
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athedānīṃ yajñas trividha ucyate -
aphalākāṅkṣibhir yajño vidhi-dṛṣṭo ya ijyate |
yaṣṭavyam eveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ ||BhG_17.11||
aphalākāṅkṣibhir aphalārthibhir yajño vidhi-dṛṣṭaḥ śāstra-codanādṛṣṭau yo yajña ijyate nirvartyate, yaṣṭavyam eveti yajña-svarūpa-nirvartanam eva kāryam iti manaḥ samādhāya, nānena puruṣārtho mama kartavya ity evaṃ niścitya, sa sāttviko yajña ucyate ||BhGS_17.11||
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abhisaṃdhāya tu phalaṃ dambhārtham api caiva yat |
ijyate bharata-śreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam ||BhG_17.12||
abhisandhāya tu uddiśya phalaṃ dambhārtham api caiva yad ijyate bharata-śreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam ||BhGS_17.12||
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vidhi-hīnam asṛṣṭānnaṃ mantra-hīnam adakṣiṇam |
śraddhā-virahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate ||BhG_17.13||
vidhi-hīnaṃ yathā-codita-viparītam, asṛṣṭānnaṃ brāhmaṇebhyo na sṛṣṭaṃ na dattam, annaṃ yasmin yajñe so 'sṛṣṭānnas tam asṛṣṭānnam | mantra-hīnaṃ mantrataḥ svarato varṇato vā viyuktaṃ mantra-hīnam, adakṣiṇam ukta-dakṣiṇā-rahitam, śraddhā-virahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate tamo-nirvṛttaṃ kathayanti ||BhGS_17.13||
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atha idānīṃ tapas tri-vidham ucyate -
deva-dvija-guru-prājña-pūjanaṃ śaucam ārjavam |
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīraṃ tapa ucyate ||BhG_17.14||
devā ca dvijā ca guravaś ca prājñāś ca deva-dvija-guru-prājñās teṣāṃ pūjanaṃ deva-dvija-guru-prājña-pūjanam | śaucam | ārjavam ṛjutvam | brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ śarīra-pradhānaiḥ sarvair eva kārya-karaṇaiḥ kartrādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ śārīraṃ tapa ucyate | pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ [Gītā 18.15] iti hi vakṣyati ||BhGS_17.14||
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anudvega-karaṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priya-hitaṃ ca yat |
svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate ||BhG_17.15||
anudvega-karaṃ prāṇinām aduḥkha-karaṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priya-hitaṃ ca yat priya-hite dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe | anudvega-karatvādibhir dharmair vākyaṃ viśeṣyate | viśeṣaṇa-dharma-samucayārthaś ca-śabdaḥ | para-pratyayārthaṃ prayuktasya vākyasya satya-priya-hitānudvega-karatvānām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā hīnatā syād yadi, na tad vāṅ-mayaṃ tapaḥ | tathā satya-vākyasya itareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnatāyāṃ na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | tathā priya-vākyasyāpītareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnasya na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | tathā hita-vākyasyāpītareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnasya na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | kiṃ punas tat tapaḥ ? yat satyaṃ vākyam anudvega-karaṃ priyaṃ hitaṃ ca, tat tapo vāṅ-mayam | yathā śānto bhava vatsa, svādhyāyaṃ yogaṃ cānutiṣṭha, tathā te śreyo bhaviṣyatīti | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva yathā-vidhi vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate ||BhGS_17.15||
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manaḥ-prasādaḥ saumyatvaṃ maunam ātma-vinigrahaḥ |
bhāva-saṃśuddhir ity etat tapo mānasam ucyate ||BhG_17.16||
manaḥ-prasādaḥ manasaḥ praśāntiḥ svacchatāpādanaṃ prasādaḥ | saumyatvaṃ yat saumanasyam āhuḥ | mukhādi-prasādādi-kāryonneyāntaḥ-karaṇasya vṛttiḥ | maunaṃ vāṅ-niyamo 'pi manaḥ-saṃyama-pūrvako bhavatīti kāryeṇa kāraṇam ucyate manaḥ-saṃyamo maunam iti | ātma-vinigraho mano-nirodhaḥ sarvataḥ sāmānya-rūpa ātma-vinigrahaḥ | vāg-viṣayasyaiva manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ maunam iti viśeṣaḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhiḥ paraiḥ vyavahāra-kāle 'māyāvitvaṃ bhāva-saṃśuddhiḥ | ity etat tapo mānasam ucyate ||BhGS_17.16||
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yathoktaṃ kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapas taptaṃ naraiḥ sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena kathaṃ tri-vidhaṃ bhavatīti, ucyate -
śraddhayā parayā taptaṃ tapas tat trividhaṃ naraiḥ |
aphalākāṅkṣibhir yuktaiḥ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate ||BhG_17.17||
śraddhayā āstikya-buddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ tapas tat prakṛtaṃ tri-vidhaṃ tri-prakāraṃ try-adhiṣṭhānaṃ narair anuṣṭhātṛbhir aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalākāṅkṣā-rahitair yuktaiḥ samāhitair yad īdṛśaṃ tapaḥ, tat sāttvikaṃ sattva-nirvṛttaṃ paricakṣate kathayanti śiṣṭāḥ ||BhGS_17.17||
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satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṃ tapo dambhena caiva yat |
kriyate tad iha proktaṃ rājasaṃ calam adhruvam ||BhG_17.18||
satkāraḥ sādhu-kāraḥ sādhu ayaṃ tapasvī brāhmaṇa ity evam artham | māno mānanaṃ pratyutthānābhivādanādis tad-artham | pūjā pāda-prakṣālanārcanāśayitṛtvādis tad-arthaṃ ca tapaḥ satkāra-māna-pūjārtham | dambhena caiva yat kriyate tapas tad iha proktaṃ kathitaṃ rājasaṃ calaṃ kādācitka-phalatvena adhruvam ||BhGS_17.18||
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mūḍha-grāheṇātmano yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ |
parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||BhG_17.19||
mūḍha-grāheṇa aviveka-niścayena ātmanaḥ pīḍayā yat kriyate tapaḥ parasya utsādanārthaṃ vināśārthaṃ vā, tat tāmasaṃ tapa udāhṛtam ||BhGS_17.19||
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idānīṃ dāna-traividhyam ucyate -
dātavyam iti yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe |
deśe kāle ca pātre ca tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||BhG_17.20||
dātavyam iti evaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakārāsamarthāya, samarthāyāpi nirapekṣaṃ dīyate | deśe puṇye kurukṣetrādau | kāle saṃkrānty-ādau | pātre ca ṣaḍ-aṅga-vid veda-pāraga ity ādau | tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||BhGS_17.20||
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yat tu pratyupakārārthaṃ phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ |
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ tad dānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||BhG_17.21||
yat tu dānaṃ pratyupakārārthaṃ kāle tv ayaṃ māṃ pratyupakariṣyatīty evam artham, phalaṃ vāsya dānasya me bhaviṣyaty adṛṣṭam iti | tad uddiśya punar dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ kheda-saṃyuktam, tad dānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||BhGS_17.21||
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adeśa-kāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate |
asatkṛtam avajñātaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||BhG_17.22||
adeśa-kāle 'deśe 'puṇye deśe mlecchāśucy-ādi-saṃkīrṇe | akāle puṇya-hetutvenāprakhyāte saṃkrānty-ādi-viśeṣa-rahite 'pātrebhyaś ca mūrkha-taskarādibhyaḥ | deśādi-saṃpattau vā asatkṛtaṃ priya-vacana-pāda-prakṣālana-pūjādi-rahitam avajñātaṃ pātra-paribhava-yuktaṃ ca yad dānam, tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||BhGS_17.22||
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yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-prabhṛtīnāṃ sādguṇya-karaṇāyāyam upadeśa ucyate -
oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas trividhaḥ smṛtaḥ |
brāhmaṇās tena vedāś ca yajñāś ca vihitāḥ purā ||BhG_17.23||
oṃ tat sad iti evaṃ nirdeśaḥ, nirdiśyate 'neneti nirdeśaḥ | trividho nāma nirdeśo brahmaṇaḥ smṛtaś cintito vedānteṣu brahma-vidbhiḥ | brāhmaṇās tena nirdeśena trividhena vedāś ca yajñāś ca vihitāḥ nirmitāḥ purā pūrvam iti nirdeśa-stuty-artham ucyate ||BhGS_17.23||
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tasmād om ity udāhṛtya yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ |
pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṃ brahma-vādinām ||BhG_17.24||
tasmāt om ity udāhṛtya uccārya yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyā yajñādi-svarūpāḥ kriyāḥ pravartante vidhānoktāḥ śāstra-coditāḥ satataṃ sarvadā brahma-vādināṃ brahma-vadana-śīlānām ||BhGS_17.24||
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tad ity anabhisaṃdhāya phalaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ |
dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ ||BhG_17.25||
tad ity anabhisaṃdhāya | tad iti brahmābhidhānam uccāryānabhisaṃdhāyaś ca yajñādi-karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā yajña-kriyāś ca tapaḥ-kriyāś ca yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ kṣetra-hiraṇya-pradānādi-lakṣaṇāḥ kriyante nirvartyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhir mokṣārthibhir mumukṣubhiḥ ||BhGS_17.25||
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oṃ-tac-chabdayor viniyoga uktaḥ | athedānīṃ sac-chabdasya viniyogaḥ kathyate -
sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate |
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate ||BhG_17.26||
sad-bhāve | asataḥ sad-bhāve yathā-vidyamānasya putrasya janmani | tathā sādhu-bhāve cāsad-vṛttasyāsādhoḥ sad-vṛttatā sādhu-bhāvas tasmin sādhu-bhāve ca | sad ity etad abhidhānaṃ brahmaṇaḥ prayujyate 'bhidhīyate | praśaste karmaṇi vivāhādau ca tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate prayujyata ity etat ||BhGS_17.26||
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yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate |
karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ sad ity evābhidhīyate ||BhG_17.27||
yajñe yajña-karmaṇi yā sthitiḥ, tapasi ca yā sthitiḥ, dāne ca yā sthitiḥ, sā sad iti cocyate vidvadbhiḥ | karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ yajña-dāna-tapo 'rthīyam | athavā, yasyābhidhāna-trayaṃ prakṛtaṃ tad-arthīyaṃ yajña-dāna-tapo 'rthīyam īśvarārthīyam ity etat | sad ity evābhidhīyate | tad etad yajña-dāna-tapa-ādi-karmāsāttvikaṃ viguṇam api śraddhā-pūrvakaṃ brahmaṇo 'bhidhāna-traya-prayogeṇa sa-guṇaṃ sāttvikaṃ saṃpāditaṃ bhavati ||BhGS_17.27||
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tatra ca sarvatra śraddhā-pradhānatayā sarvaṃ saṃpādyate yasmāt, tasmāt -
aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapas taptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat |
asad ity ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya no iha ||BhG_17.28||
aśraddhayā hutaṃ havanaṃ kṛtam | aśraddhayā dattaṃ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ | aśraddhayā tapas taptam anuṣṭhitam | tathāśraddhayaiva kṛtaṃ yat stuti-namaskārādi, tat sarvam asad ity ucyate mat-prāpti-sādhana-mārga-bāhyatvāt pārtha | na ca tad bahulāyāsam api pretya phalāya no apīhārtham, sādhubhir ninditatvād iti ||BhGS_17.28||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ |
[*NOTE: BhG 18 not included!]