Borooah: English-Sanskrit Dictionary


Based on Borooah, Anundoram: English-Sanskrit Dictionary. Guwahati, Assam : 1971 (= Calcutta : 1877)


Input by Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon (CDSL)
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description:multibyte sequence:
long a ā
long A Ā
long i ī
long I Ī
long u ū
long U Ū
vocalic r
vocalic R
long vocalic r
vocalic l
vocalic L
long vocalic l
velar n
velar N
palatal n ñ
palatal N Ñ
retroflex t
retroflex T
retroflex d
retroflex D
retroflex n
retroflex N
palatal s ś
palatal S Ś
retroflex s
retroflex S
anusvara
visarga
long e ē
long o ō
l underbar
r underbar
n underbar
k underbar
t underbar

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[Page 1]

A or (before vowels) AN:
     I This article has no equiv. in Sanskrit and is expressed by the singular number alone: there is a large silk-cotton tree on the banks of the Godavari asti godāvarītīre viśālaḥ śālmalītaruḥ H. i.; there was a king named Cintamani abhūdrājā cintāmaṇirnāma Va.
     II But kaścit (kācit kiñcit) should be added when special attention is directed to the object: a (certain) Yaksha kaścid yakṣaḥ, Me. I 1.; A (certain) saint named Marichi kaścinmarīcirnābha bhaharṣiḥ, D. iii.
     III When it means a species of, viśeṣaḥ bhedaḥ, etc. should be added: Asoka is a tree aśoko vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.
     IV When used distributively, (a) expr. by avy. comp. with prati, or, by the repetition of the word in proper agreement with the verb: give (me) 500 sovereign a day pratyahaṃ suvarṇapañcaśatāni dehi, H. iii; (b) the simple gen. may be used in connection with num. adverbs: dinner twice a day dvirahno bhojanam, V. In O. E. sometimes=on, in, for: q. v.: the world runs awheel *cakrairjagaddhāvati.

ABAFT: paścādbhāge (with gen.): abaft the mast *guṇavṛkṣasya paścādbhāge.

ABANDON:
     1 tyajati pari- saṃ-, (tyaj, c. l.);
     2 jahāti vi- apa-, (, c. 3.);
     3 ujbhkati sam- pra-, (ujbhk, c. 6.);
     4 ut-sṛjati vi-, (sṛj, c. 6.).

ABANDONED:
     I Lit. tyaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. To abandon.
     II Fig.: extremely wicked: q. v.
     1 bhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 khaṇḍitavṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (=of a character).

ABANDONMENT:
     1 tyāgaḥ;
     2 parityāgaḥ;
     3 utsargaḥ; Ph: a. of wordly connexions: sannyāsaḥ.

ABASE:
     1 abhi-bhavati (bhū, c. 1.);
     2 namayati (c. of nam): v. To humble, to lower.

ABASEMENT: abhibhavaḥ: v. Humiliation.

ABASH:
     1 hepayati (c. of hrī);
     2 lajjayati (c. of lajj).

ABATE (v. t.):
     I To lessen, diminish: q. v. laghayati (nomi.).
     II Leg. t. t., To put down: q. v.

ABATE (v. i.):
     1 kṣīyate (Pass. of kṣi);
     2 pari-hīyate. (Pass. of );
     3 apa-cīyate (Pass. of ci): v. To decrease.

ABATEMENT:
     I Decrease, diminution: q. v.: hrāsaḥ.
     II Diminution of price: Ph. I will make an a. of five per cent *pañcakaṃ śataṃ laghayāmi.
     III Leg. t. t.: v. Failure.

ABBESS:
     1 vihārapālinī;
     2 maṭhādhyakṣā.

ABBEY:
     1 vihāraḥ;
     2 maṭhaḥ.

ABBOT:
     1 vihārapatiḥ;
     2 maṭhādhyakṣaḥ;
     3 maṭhādhīśaḥ.

ABBREVIATE: sam-kṣipati (kṣip c. 6.): v. To contract, shorten.

ABBREVIATION:
     1 saṃkṣepaḥ;
     2 samāsaḥ;
     3 saṃgrahaḥ.

ABDICATE (v. i.): *rājyaṃ svādhikāraṃ vā tyajati parityajati.

ABDICATE (v. t.): tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. i.): V. To resign.

ABDICATION:
     1 tyāgaḥ parityāgaḥ (when the sense is clear);
     2 rājyatyāgaḥ (=a. of a throne);
     3 padatyāgaḥ; (of an office).

ABDOMEN:
     1 vastiḥ;
     2 udaram: v. Belly.

ABDUCT: harati apa-, (hṛ, c. 1.), Si. i. 51.

ABDUCTION:
     1 haraṇam;
     2 apaharaṇam.

ABERRATION:
     1 bhramaḥ;
     2 vibhramaḥ;
     3 unmārgagamanam. Ph. a. of mind matibhramaḥ, Sa. vi.: a. of light *tejobhrāntiḥ.

ABET: prot-sāhayati (c. of sah): v. To aid, instigate, encourage.

[Page 2]

ABETTOR:
     1 protsāhakaḥ;
     2 pravartakaḥ.

ABHOR: jugupptate: v. To hate.

ABHORRENCE:
     1 jugupsā;
     2 paramadveṣaḥ; N. B. Const. with loc.

ABHORRENT: v. Repugnant, discordant, inconsistent.

ABIDE (v. i.):
     I To dwell: q. v.: vasati (vas, c. 1.).
     II To stay: q. v.: ava-tiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.).

ABIDE (v. t.):
     1 To wait for: q. v.: pratiīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     II To endure; q. v. sahate (sah c. 1.).

ABIDE BY:
     1 tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (with loc.), B. iii. 53;
     2 avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l.)(with loc.), B. iii. 14.

ABIDING (part. adj.):
     1 sthāyin (f. );
     2 sthāsnu (mfn.).

ABIDINGLY: v. Constantly, permanently.

ABILITY:
     I Power: q. v.
     1 śaktiḥ;
     2 sāmarthyam; Ph.: to the best or utmost of one's a.:
     1 yāvacchakyam;
     2 yāvacchaktitaḥ.
     II Mental capacity
     1 naipuṣyam;
     2 vaicakṣaṇyam;
     3 pāṭavam.

ABJECT (adj.):
     1 nikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 apakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Base, vile.

ABJECTION, ABJECTNESS: apakṛṣṭatā: v. Meanness, servility.

ABJURATION: *śapathapurvakatyāgaḥ tyāgaḥ (when the sense is clear).

ABJURE (v. t.): *śapathapurvakam or sapratiñjam tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.).

ABLATIVE CASE:
     1 apādānam;
     2 apādānakārakam.

ABLE (adj.):
     I Competent, having sufficient power:
     1 samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     2 śaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     3 kṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Possessing mental capacity:
     1 paṭu (mfn.);
     2 nipuṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ); v. Clever, skilful.

ABLE, BE:
     1 śaknoti (śak, c. 5.);
     2 pārayati (pṛ, c. 10.);
     3 pramavati (bhū, c. 1.);
     4 īṣṭe (īś, c. 2.);
     5 kṣamate (kṣam, c. 1.): v. Can.

ABLE-BODIED:
     1 prabalakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 dṛḍhāṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ): v. Robust, strong.

ABLUTION:
     1 ācamanam (of the mouth);
     2 aṅgasnānam (of the body);
     3 prakṣālanam: v. Washing.

ABLY: i. e. with ability:
     1 nipuṇam;
     2 sapāṭavam.

ABNEGATION: pratyākhyānam: v. Denial, renunciation.

ABOARD: Ph. to get a. nāvamārohati, RAJ.

ABODE:
     I Continuance in a place: avasthitiḥ: v. Residence, stay.
     II Dwelling place:
     1 nivāsaḥ;
     2 ālayaḥ;
     3 niketanam: v. House.

ABOLISH (v. t.): lumpati ava- vi-, (lup, c. 6.) (?).

ABOLITION:
     1 lopaḥ;
     2 avalopaḥ;
     3 vilopaḥ (?).

ABOMINABLE:
     1 gahiṃtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ghṛṇitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 ghṛṇākaraḥ (rī raṃ).

ABOMINATE (v. t.):
     1 dveṣṭi, (dviṣ; c. 2.);
     2 garhate (garh, c. 1.): v. To detest, execrate.

ABOMINATION:
     I Hatred: q. v. dveṣaḥ.
     II That which excites hatred:
     1 jugupsitam;
     2 garhitam;
     3 ghṛṇitam.

ABORIGINES: ādimavāsinaḥ (m. pl.) (?).

ABORTION:
     1 garbhasrāvaḥ;
     2 garbhapātaḥ;
     3 garbhapatanam;
     4 garbhacyutiḥ. To cause a.:
     1 garbhaṃ pātayati (c. of pat);
     2 bhrūṇahatyāṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.) One who causes a.:
     1 bhrūṇahan (f. ghnī);
     2 bhrūṇahatyākārin (f. ṇī): Causing a.:
     1 garbhapātanam;
     2 bhrūṇahatyā.

ABORTIVE:
     I Producing abortion:
     1 garbhapātin (f. );
     2 garbhasrāvin (f. ṇī);
     3 bhrūṇaghna (f. ghnī).
     II Born prematurely:
     1 akālaprasūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 akālajātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Fruitless, unsuccessful: q. v.: niṣphala; (lā laṃ).

ABORTIVELY:
     1 mudhā;
     2 vṛthā: v. In vain.

ABOUND (v. i.): No equiv: expr. by the corresp. adj s.: among those trees a. ing in good fruits bhūyiṣṭhasambhāvyaphaleṣvamīṣu pādapeṣu, R. xiii. 46; the country of Kimpurusha a. s in curiosities bahukutūhalaḥ kimpuruṣaviṣayaḥ, K.: v. Abundant, full of.

[Page 3]

ABOUT (Prep.):
     I Around: q. v.: paritaḥ (with acc.). Sometimes sim. by the loc.: a. one's neck kaṇṭhe or kaṇṭhadeśe (not kaṇṭhaṃ paritaḥ). Ph.: a. these places itastataḥ.
     II In attendance on: saha (with ins.): v. With.
     III Respecting, concerning: prati (with acc.) (rare in this sense): you have spoken one thing good a. Siva tvayaikamīśaṃ prati sādhu bhāṣitam, Ku. v. 81. N. B. Note the following exx.: is there any mistake a. it kimatra kācidbhrāntiḥ, Vi. iii.; whether mere knowledge a. God leads to emancipation kimīśvaraviṣayaṃ ñjānamātraṃ nirvāṇakāraṇam, Ds.; conversing now a. his father, now a. his mother, now a. Sukanasa antarā pitṛsaktamantarā mātṛsambaddhadhmantarā śukanāsamayaṃ kurvannālāpama; K.; I also want to ask something a. your friend vayamapi mavatyoḥ sakhīgataṃ kimapi pṛcchāmaḥ, Sa. i.; we had some conversation a. the news of the country saṅkayā ca deśavārtānuviddhā kācanāvayorabhūt; D. v.; a. the Lord of the Heavens divodhināthamadhikṛtya; a. the friend of the god of Wind pavanasya sakhāyaṃ nirdiśya; a. the Lord of the (south) quarter dikpatimuddiśya; a. many Nalas anekanalāvalambāṃ; N. xiii. 2. 9. 15. 26.
     IV Near (in time): v. About (adv.) (III) Ph. remained for a. a moment muhūrtamivāsāñcakre, K.; a. the same time tasminneva kṣaṇāntare, D. i.

ABOUT (adv.):
     I Around: q. v.: paritaḥ.
     II Here and there itastataḥ. To go, walk, wander a. parikrāmati (kram, c. 1.).
     III Nearly.
     1 by an altern. com.: we will reach (Patna) in a. a week (lit. in five or six days) pañcaṣairahobhirvayameva tatra gantāraḥ, Mu. v.;
     2 by bah. comp. with upa āsanna adūra etc: a. ten upadaśā: (m. pl.); a. four upacaturāḥ; a. twenty āsannaviṃśāḥ; a. thirty adūratriṃśāḥ;
     3 by prāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or kalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ) affixed: a. as high as the knee jānudadhnakalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ);
     4 of age, by deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), affixed: a. 18 years of age aṣṭādaśavarṣadeśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), D. vi.

ABOUT, BE: udyataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Point of, on the; ready. Ph.: What is the king a. now atha sa rājā kimārambhaḥ samprati, U. ii.

ABOVE (adv.):
     I Overhead:
     1 upari;
     2 ūrddhvam;
     3 upariṣṭāt. From a.:
     1 upariṣṭāt;
     2 ūrddhvataḥ, Ku. xiv. 37.
     II Before:
     1 pūrvam;
     2 prāk.

ABOVE (adj.): pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ), in the a. aphorism pūrveṇa sūtreṇa, S.

ABOVE (Prep.):
     I In a higher place: upari (with gen.) Just a.: uparyupari (with acc.), Just a. the village uparyupari grāmam.
     II In greater number:
     1 by tat. comp. with adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ): in a. half a moment arddhādhikamuhūrtena, RAM.;
     2 by bah. comp. with adhika, a. forty adhikacatvāriṃśaḥ (m. pl.);
     3 by comp. with paraḥ, a. hundred (=hundreds) paraḥśataḥ (tā taṃ); Ki. xiii. 26.
     III Beyond; v. Beyond (prep.) (III).

ABOVE, BE:
     1 ativartate (vṛt, c. 1.) Vi. iv.;
     2 adhi or ati (with acc.) (rare): Krishna is a. the gods ati devān kṛṣṇaḥ.

ABRADE: v. To rub, scrape.

ABREAST: pārśvāpārśiva (indec.)

ABRIDGE:
     1 saṅ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.);
     2 samā-harati (hṛ, c. 1.);
     3 sam-asyati (as, c. 4.); v. To lessen, shorten.

ABRIDGEMENT:
     1 saṃkṣepaḥ;
     2 pratyāhāraḥ;
     3 samāhāraḥ;
     4 samāsaḥ.

ABROAD (adv.):
     I In a foreign country:
     1 videśe;
     2 deśāntare.
     II To a foreign country:
     1 videśaṃ;
     2 deśāntaram.
     III Not at home bahis.
     IV Widely: q. v.: spreading his rays far a. dūraprasāritakaraḥ, K.

ABROAD, LIVE:
     1 pravasati (vas, c. 1.);
     2 videśe vasati etc. One who is, or, is living a. proṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ABROGATE, ABROGATION: v. To repeal, etc.

ABRUPT (adj.):
     I Steep, rugged: q. v.: viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Hasty, sudden: q. v.:
     1 ākasmikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 akāṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ).
     III Of style: no equiv.: *bhagnaḥ (bhagnā bhagnaṃ).

ABRUPTLY: sahasā: v. Suddenly, hastily.

ABRUPTNESS:
     I Steepness: q. v. Haste, Suddenness: q. v.

[Page 4]

ABSCESS: perh. vidradhiḥ.

ABSCOND:
     1 ātmānaṃ nigūhati (guh, c. 1.): v. To hide;
     2 palāyate: v. To escape.

ABSENCE:
     I A not being present:
     1 anupasthitiḥ;
     2 By the corresp. adj s v. ABSENT: Ph. how shall I live in his a. ahametasya virahe kathaṃ jīviṣyāmi, Vet.
     II A being abroad:
     1 pravāsaḥ;
     2 pravasanam.
     III Non-existence: abhāvaḥ: first of all, the property goes to the brothers, in their a. to the mother, in mother's a. to the father, and in their a to the husband prathamaṃ sodarāṇāṃ tadabhāve mātuḥ māturabhāve pituḥ eṣāṃ punarabhāve taddhanaṃ bhartuḥ, Da.
     IV Fig.: pl. a. of mind:
     1 anyamanaskatā;
     2 amanoyogaḥ.

ABSENT: (adj.)
     I Not present:
     1 anupasthitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 avidyamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 avartamānaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Heedless: q. v.: anyamanaskaḥ (skā skaṃ).

ABSENT, BE: i. e. To be abroad: pra-vasati (vas, c. 1.).

ABSENT-MINDED: śūnyahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), Sa.
     IV

ABSENTEE:
     I One temporarily absent: anupasthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Absent.
     II One being abroad:
     1 proṣitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 pravāsin (f. ).

ABSOLUTE (adj.):
     I Perfect: q. v.:
     1 nityaḥ (tyā tyaṃ) (=eternal, sometimes used with the same force): it is admitted by all assertors of final emancipation that it is a. nityaśca mokṣaḥ sarvairmīkṣavādibhirupagamyate, S. I. 4.;
     2 paramaḥ (mā maṃ) (=excellent, q. v.).
     II Unconditional, uncontrolled: q. v.: Ph.: for fate has a. power sarvathā pramavati hi magavān vidhiḥ, K. iii. Not relative: kevalaḥ (lā laṃ) (?) the recent philosophy of a. the *ādhunikakaivalyadarśanam or -viñjānam.

ABSOLUTELY: i. e. Entirely:
     1 sarvathā;
     2 ekāntatas.

ABSOLUTION:
     I Acquittal: q. v.
     II Religious a.:
     1 nistāraḥ;
     2 niṣkṛtiḥ;
     3 uddhāraḥ.

ABSOLVE:
     I To acquit, exonerate: q. v.: mocayati (c. of muc).
     II In religious sense:
     1 niṣ-tārayati (c. of tṝ,);
     2 ud-dharati (dhṛ, c. i.).

ABSORB (v. t.):
     I To imbibe, suck up:
     1 cūṣati (cūṣ, c. i.);
     2 śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ) (=dry up).
     II Fig.: To engross:
     1 majjati ni-, (masj, c. 6.), old men are a. ed. in thoughts and none clings to the supreme spirit vṛddhastāvaccintāmagnaḥ parame brahmaṇi ko'pi na lagnaḥ;
     2 viśati abhiniviśate (viś, c. 6.) (with acc.) [not so forcible as (1)] became a. ed in thought cintāṃ viveśa, K.

ABSORPTION:
     1 coṣaṇam;
     2 cūṣā;
     3 nipānam;
     4 śoṣaṇam.

ABSTAIN (v. i.):
     1 vi-ramati (ram, c. 1.), a. from this dirty work virama karmaṇo'smānmalīmasāt, D. IV.;
     2 ni-vartayati (c. of vṛt) (with acc.), a. yourself from this unlucky affair nivartayāsmādasadīpsitānmanaḥ, Ku. v. 73.;
     3 ni-vartate (vṛt, c. i.): nivṛttamāṃsastu tatrabhavān janakaḥ, U. IV.

ABSTAIN from food: upa-vasati (vas, c. 1.): v. To fast.

ABSTEMIOUS:
     1 mitāhāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 mitāśanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 mitabhuj (mfn);
     4 ladhvāhāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     5 ladhvāśin (f. );
     6 yatāhāraḥ (,).

ABSTEMIOUSLY:
     1 mitāhāreṇa;
     2 mitāśanena;
     3 ladhvāhāreṇa.

ABSTEMIOUSNESS:
     1 mitāhāraḥ;
     2 mitabhojanama;
     3 mitāśanam.

ABSTINENCE:
     I In gen. sense, refraining from:
     1 nivṛttiḥ;
     2 viratiḥ;
     3 kṣāntiḥ.
     II From food:
     1 upavāsaḥ;
     2 anaśanam; v. Fasting.
     III From the gratification of animal propensities:
     1 saṃyamanama;
     2 yamaḥ

ABSTINENT:
     I From food:
     1 yatāhāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Abstemious.
     II In a winder sense: saṃyamin (f. ): v. Continent.

ABSTRACT (v. t.):
     I To separate: q. v.: vi-yojayati (c. of yuj).
     II To filch away, steal: q. v.: apa-harati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     III To abridge: q. v.

ABSTRACT (subs): v. Abridgment, epitome.

[Page 5]

ABSTRACT (adj.):
     I Separate: q. v.
     II As opposed to concrete: perh. sūkṣamaḥ (kṣmā kṣmaṃ): v. Abstruse, refined.

ABSTRACTION: Phil. t. t. *praṇidhānam; padārthānāmaparadharmānanādṛtyaikadharmaṃ prati praṇidhānam. In gen. sense, v. Stealing, separation, etc.

ABSTRUSE: nigūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ): v. Recondite, obscure.

ABSTRUSENESS: nigūḍhatā: v. Obscurity.

ABSURD: v. Ridiculous, preposterous, inconsistent, unreasonable.

ABSURDITY:
     I Want of sense or judgement:
     1 ānarthakyam;
     2 ayāthārthyam;
     3 asaṅgatiḥ
     II An absurd thing: Ph. what a. kaḥ pramādaḥ.

ADSURDLY: Ph. do not talk a. *alamanarthakapralāpena.

ABUNDANCE:
     1 prācuryam;
     2 bhūyastvam;
     3 bāhulyam;
     4 prabhūtatvam.

ABUNDANT:
     1 pracuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 prabhūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 bahulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 bhūyiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ);
     5 prājyaḥ (jyā jyaṃ);
     6 bhūri (mfn);
     7 adabhraḥ (bhrā bhraṃ).

ABUSE (v. t.):
     I To revile: q. v.: ākṣipati adhi-, (kṣip, c. 6.);
     2 ā-krośati (krūś, c. 1.);
     3 apa bhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1).
     II To make ill use of: Ph. a king who a. his rights goes to hell rājānyāyamācarannarakaṃ gacchati; he a. s his time sa kālaṃ vṛthā nayati kṣipati harati, etc.
     III To violate: q. v. prakurute.

ABUSE (subs):
     I Ill-use:
     1 kuvyavahāraḥ;
     2 durvyavahāraḥ;
     3 kuprayogaḥ (of word);
     4 vṛthāharaṇaṃ (of time):
     II Contumely:
     1 adhikṣepaḥ;
     2 tiraskāraḥ;
     3 ākrośaḥ;
     4 ākṣāraḥ.

ABUSIVE: Ph. a. language ākṣepavacaḥ; a. writer *parūṣalekhakaḥ.

ABUT: v. To adjoin, border on.

ABYSS:
     1 gabhīragartaḥ;
     2 gabhīrarandhram;
     3 agādhabilam.

ACACIA: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; śamī (a. suma); śirīṣaḥ (another species).

ACADEMIC: i. e. Belonging to an academy: expr. by tat. comp.

ACADEMICIAN: *vidvatsabhādhiṣṭhātṛ (f. trī).

ACADEMY
     I A school: q. v. vidyālayaḥ.
     II A society of learned men:
     1 vidvatsabhā (?);
     2 paṇḍitasabhā (?). The royal a. *laṇḍananagarasya citrakarasabhāḥ.

ACCEDE: anujānāti (ñjā, c. 9): v. To agree, assent.

ACCELERATE: tvarayati (c. of tvar): v. To hasten, quicken.

ACCELERATION: tvarā (?) (Ku. ii. 63): v. Haste.

ACCENT (subs.):
     I In speaking: svaraḥ. The acute a. udāttaḥ; the grave a. anudāttaḥ; the circumflex a. svaritaḥ.
     II A peculiar tone in speaking svaraḥ; with distinct articulation and a. atispaṣṭavarṇasvarasaṃskārayā K. III. An accentual mark: svaracihram (?).
     IV Language, expressions: q. v.

ACCENT (v. t.): sasvaram uccārayati (c. of car) (?).

ACCENTUATE (v. t.): Ph. a. these syllables *eṣāmakṣarāṇāṃ svarān cihnaya (cihn, c. 10).

ACCENTUATION:
     I In speaking: svaraḥ.
     II In writing: svaracihvīkaraṇam (?).

ACCEPT (v. t.):
     1 gṛhvāti prati- pari-, (grahva, c. 9): a. ing the benedictions: āśiṣaḥ pratigṛhvantau, R. i. 44; here we should a. the word atha in the sense of succession atrāthaśabdaḥ ānantaryārthaḥ parigṛhyate, S. I. i;
     2 svīkaroti, N. xiv. 49;
     3 aṅgīkaroti, let the real Nala a. the garland aṅgīkarotu paramārthanalaḥ sa mālāṃ, N. xiii. 53;
     4 pratipadyate (pad, c. 4), Si. xv. 22;
     5 pratiicchati (iṣ, c. 6); a. ing presents pratīcchannupāyanāni, K.

ACCEPTABLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 parigrahaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 upādeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Agreeable, pleasant: q. v.:
     1 ruciraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 manoñjaḥ (ñjā ñjaṃ).

ACCEPTABLE, BE: rocate (ruc, c. 1.) (with dat.): v. To please.

ACCEPTABLENESS: v. Agreeableness, pleasantness.

ACCEPTABLY: ruciram: v. Agreeably, satisfactorily.

ACCEPTANCE:
     1 parigrahaḥ;
     2 pratigrahaḥ;
     3 svīkaraṇam;
     4 pratipattiḥ.

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ACCEPTATION: arthaḥ: v. Meaning. Ph. according to usual a. the word 'inheritance' conveys property over which ownership is created on the demise of the former owner pūrvasvāmyuparame yatra dravye svatvaṃ tatra nirūḍho dāyaśabdaḥ: Da.

ACCEPTER:
     1 grāhakaḥ;
     2 parigrāhakaḥ;
     3 parigrahītā.

ACCESS:
     I Admission, interview: q. v. Ph. the asceties want to gain a. to the king tapasvino devaṃ draṣṭumicchanti, Sa. v.
     II The means of a.
     1 āgamadvāram;
     2 upasarpaṇamārgaḥ, etc.
     III Sexual intercourse: q. v. abhigamanam.
     IV Addition: v. Accession: v. A fit of disease: āgamaḥ: v. Accession.

ACCESSIBLE:
     I Of places:
     1 gamyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     2 sugamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Of persons:
     1 upasarpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Surely kings are a. only at convenient times nanvavasaropasarpaṇīyā rājānaḥ, Sa. vi.;
     2 sulabhadarśanaḥ (nā naṃ) (easily seen). Ph.: not a. to bribe or sexual gratification na dhanastrīdānādinā bhedyaḥ: K. b.

ACCESSION:
     I The act of joining:
     1 yogaḥ;
     2 saṅgamaḥ.
     II A coming to power. Ph. on his a. to the throne rājyamavāpya etc. or siṃhāsanamāruhya.
     III Increase: q. v. vṛddhiḥ, Ph.: a. of wealth dhanāgamaḥ.
     IV Of disease:
     1 āgamaḥ;
     2 āvirbhāvaḥ;
     3 avatāraḥ.

ACCESSORY (subs):
     1 sahāyaḥ;
     2 sahakārī;
     3 pravartakaḥ: v. Instigator.

ACCIDENCE: upakramaṇikā (?): v. Rudiment.

ACCIDENT:
     I Chance, casualty: q. v. ph. seen by a. samāpattidṛṣṭāḥ, D. v.: v. Accidentally.
     II An unlucky event: durghaṭanam or sim. ghaṭanā (when the sense is clear).
     III A nonessential property:
     1 na prakṛtiḥ;
     2 asahajo dharmaḥ or guṇaḥ (?)

ACCIDENTAL:
     I Casual, fortuitous: q. v.
     1 daivikaḥ (kī kaṃ) if a. there is no punishment daivike nāsti nigrahaḥ, M. viii. 409;
     2 yādṛcchikaḥ (kī kaṃ) not approving of a. union yādṛcchikīṃ sampattimanabhisamīkṣya, D. vi.; even a. union yadṛcchayāpi yogaḥ, Ki.,
     II Non-essential
     1 asamavāyin (f. );
     2 āhāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ);
     3 asahajaḥ (jā jaṃ).

ACCIDENTALLY:
     1 daivāt;
     2 daivayogāt;
     3 daivagatyā;
     4 yadṛcchayā;
     5 vidhivaśāt.

ACCLAMATION:
     1 praśaṃsāvācaḥ; with various a s of the spectators raṅgagatasya janasyauccāvacāḥ praśaṃsāvācaḥ pratigṛhṇantī, D. vi.;
     2 sādhuvādaḥ, Si. xiv. 47.

ACCLIMATIZE: Ph. many foreigners become a. d to India *bahavo videśinaḥ kālena bhāratavarṣasya jalavāyvādisahiṣṇavo bhavanti.

ACCLIVITY: utsaṅgaḥ: v. Slope, incline.

ACCOMMODATE (v. t.):
     I To adapt, conform: Ph. a yourself to the whims of nature vidhivilasitānyanuvartasva (?).
     II To reconcile, adjust: q. v.
     III To supply with conveniences: Ph.: a. me with lodgings *vāsadānena māmupakuru.

ACCOMMODATION:
     I Adaptation: q. v.: upayogitā.
     II Reconciliation: q. v.
     III Conveniences: Ph.: we received every a. in the inn. sarvopakaraṇānyasmābhiḥ pathikāśrame samadhigatāni.
     IV A loan of money: Ph. a. bill *upakaraṇapatram.

ACCOMPANIED BY: Often expr. by any comp. with sa-: as if a. by attendants sasaciva iva, Ki. x. 14. N. B. Note the fol. exx. a. by Sachi śacīsakhaḥ, R. viii. 32; a. by Rati ratiddhitīyaḥ Ku. iii. 35; a. by his mistress gṛhiṇīsahāyaḥ R. ii. 24.

ACCOMPANIMENT: Ph. singing in a. with drums mṛdaṅgānugatasaṅgītam, Ra. i.

ACCOMPANY:
     I To go with:
     1 anu-gacchati anveti, etc.: a. d by some of the chief Kiratas anvītaḥ sa katipayaiḥ kirātavaryaiḥ Ki. xii. 52: v. To go after, follow;
     2 sahacaraḥ (rī raṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. i.) (with gen.);
     3 gacchati yāti etc. with saha and ins.: I will a. you tvayā saha gamiṣyāmi.
     II To play in accompaniment:
     1 anugacchati (gam, c. 1.);
     2 anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.)

ACCOMPLICE: sahāyaḥ: v. Accessory.

ACCOMPLISH (v. t.):
     I To complete: q. v. pūrayati (c. of pūr).
     II To perform, execute:
     1 sādhayati (c. of sidh);
     2 niṣpādayati sampādayati (c. of pad);
     3 nivartayati (c. of vṛt);
     4 samā-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3);
     5 karoti (kṛ, c. 8);
     6 diśati (diś, c. 9);
     7 rādhayati (c. of. rādh).
     III To furnish: q. v.

ACCOMPLISHED (adj.):
     I Finished, performed:
     1 siddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ);
     2 niṣpannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     3 nivṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ)
     II Clever, refined:
     1 viśāradaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 vicakṣaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 kṛtin (f. ): let the a. enjoy it with pleasure tat suprasannamanasaḥ kṛtino bhajantām, Vi. i. N. B. The last word generally used absol. But see Ki. xiv. 2.

ACCOMPLISHMENT:
     I The act of accomplishing:
     1 siddhiḥ;
     2 sādhanam;
     3 sampādanam;
     4 niṣpattiḥ;
     5 rāddhiḥ;
     6 nivṛttiḥ.
     II Attainment, acquirement, culture: q. v.

ACCORD (subs.):
     I Agreement, concurrence: q. v.: Ph. let us all with one a. fly up with the net narvairekacittībhūya jālamādāyīṅṅīyatām, H. i., of one's own a. svecchātaḥ.
     II Concord, harmony. q. v.

ACCORD (v.):
     I Trans: v. To grant.
     II Intrans: v. To harmonise, agree.

ACCORDANCE WITH IN:
     1 Comp with anusāreṇa; in a. with it tadanusāreṇa;
     2 Sometimes by the sim. abl. or ins: in a. with the king's command rājāñjayā, in a. with my saying madvacanāt, Mr.: v. According to.

ACCORDING TO:
     1 By any. comp. with yathā, a. to rite yathāvidhi; punishing a. to (the nature of) the offence (committed) yathāparādhadaṇḍānāṃ, R. i. 6.;
     2 When indicating order or succession by anukrameṇa krameṇa, or by any comp. with anu-, not a. to (the seniority of) the mother na mātṛkrameṇa; K. b.; a. to regular order anupūrvaśaḥ, M.: v. In accordance with.

ACCORDINGLY (adv.): tathaiva: v. Agreeably, conformably.

ACCORDINGLY (conj.): Often understood or expr. by: circumlocution: Ph. 'the princess is come, come to see her', (saying this) she went and we a. followed her prāptaiveyaṃ bhartṛdārikā āgacchatāṃ draṣṭa mityayāsīt | tāmanvayāva cāvāṃ, D. vi.; he a. followed me tathoktaḥ māmanuvavrāja: v. Consequently, therefore.

ACCOST (v. t.): ā-mantrayati (mantr, c. 10): v. To address.

ACCOUCHEMENT:
     1 garbhanirgamaḥ;
     2 prasavaḥ: v. Delivery.

ACCOUCHEUR:
     1 kumārabhṛtyākuśalo bhiṣak, R. iii. 12.;
     2 prajananakuśalaḥ (puruṣaḥ), Sr.

ACCOUNT (subs):
     I Of money: gaṇanā; a. book gaṇanāpatrikā, Raj.; Balancing an a. gaṇanāmekīkṛtya, Raj.; render an a. for me madarthaṃ gaṇanāṃ kuru.
     II Estimation: q. v. gaṇanā.
     III Importance, value, advantage: q. v.
     IV A narrative or description: q. v.
     1 vivaraṇam;
     2 vivṛttiḥ: v. Reason, consideration: q. v.: Ph. on this a. ataḥ, on what a. kimartham or kinnimittam. or no a. na kathañcana; on all a. s sarvathā.

ACCOUNT OF, ON:
     1 By the abl.: on a. of having no power aprabhutvāt, D.;
     2 Sometimes by the ins especially if the word ends in , on a. of my childhood bālatayā;
     3 By -nimittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), as we are reduced to this state on a. of the enemy dviṣannimittā yadiyaṃ daśā, Ki. i. 41.: v. For the sake of.

ACCOUNT (v. t.): gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.): v. To consider, esteem.

ACCOUNT FOR,:
     I To assign the cause of: kāraṇaṃ darśayati pra-, (c. of dṛś) (with gen.): v. To explain.
     II To render an account: Ph. a. for the money received *yaddhanaṃ prāptaṃ tasya gaṇanāṃ dehi.

ACCOUNTABLE: Ph. I. apprehend you are a. for his death *tvaddoṣāttasya maraṇamāśaṅke; every one is a. to God for his conduct *sarvairīśvarāyātmakāryāṇāṃ nyāyānyāyau pradarśayitavyau.

ACCOUNTANT: perh. gaṇakaḥ; chief a., a.-general gaṇanādhyakṣaḥ, RAJ.

ACCOUTRE (v. t.): saṃ-nahyati (nah, c. 4.): v. To equip, arm.

ACCOUTREMENT
     1 sannāhaḥ;
     2 sajjāḥ v. Arms, equipment.

ACCREDIT (v.):
     I To trust: q. v.: vi-śvasiti (śvas, c. 2).
     II To send with credentials: pra-hiṇoti (hi, c. 5): To send.

ACCRETION:
     1 upacayaḥ;
     2 vṛddhiḥ.

ACCURE (v. 1.): v. To result; also to augment.

ACCUMULATE (v. t.):
     1 saṃ-cinoti samā- pra- (ci, c. 5);
     2 saṃ-bibharti (bhṛ, c. 3);
     3 saṃ-gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9);
     4 rāśīkararoti pūgīkaroti etc. (=to amass).

ACCUMULATE (v. i.):
     1 upacīyate (pass);
     2 vardhate (vṛdh, c. i);
     3 sphītaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati.

ACCUMULATION:
     1 sañcayaḥ;
     2 saṃgrahaḥ;
     3 sambhṛtiḥ.

ACCURACY:
     1 viśuddhatvam;
     2 viśuddhiḥ: v. Correctness, nicety.

ACCURATE: viśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. Correct, exact, careful.

ACCURATELY: viśuddham: v. Correctly, exactly

ACCURSED:
     1 -hatakaḥ (kā kaṃ), the a. moon. candrahatakaḥ, K.;
     2 dagdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ), the a. saint dagdhasiddhaḥ, D. vii.: v. Detestable, execrable.

ACCUSATION:
     1 abhiyogaḥ;
     2 apavādaḥ; made a false a. against her husband bharturmithyāpavādamabhihitavatī, Ver;
     3 abhiśāpaḥ (=false a.).

ACCUSATIVE CASE:
     1 karmakārakam;
     2 karman (n.).

ACCUSATORY (adj.): i. e. Containing an accusation: apavādagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ).

ACCUSE (v. t.):
     1 abhi-yunakti (yuj, c. 7), that I go like an a. d man abhiyukta iva prayāmi, Mr. ix.;
     2 apa-vadati (vad, c. 1.); v. To calumniate.

ACCUSER:
     1 abhiyoktṛ (f. trī);
     2 abhiyogin (f. ) (rare.)

ACCUSTOM:
     1 paricayaṃ karoti, a. ed himself in shooting moveable objects paricayaṃ calalakṣyanipātane  ..karoti, R. ix. 49;
     2 abhyasyati (as, c. 4) v. To practise. Ph.: he who is a. ed to good food *yaḥ sarvadā bhojanaviśeṣairāhāraṃ karoti; a. ed to cheating vañcanāparaḥ (rā raṃ).

ACE: Of cards: *ṭekvā. Ph.: within an a. of piercing: *alpena veddhuṃ na śaśāka.

ACCERBITY: kaṭutā (lit. and fig.): v. Sourness.

ACHE (subs):
     1 pīḍā;
     2 vedanā;
     3 vyathā v. Head- a. etc.

ACHE (v. i.):
     1 vyathate (vyath, c. 1);
     2 pīḍayate (c. of pīḍ). Ph. my head a. s śirovedana māṃ bādhate. Mu. iii.

ACHIEVE (v. t.):
     1 sādhayati (c. of sādh)
     2 niṣpādayati (c. of pad): v. To accomplish.

ACHIEVEMENT:
     I Exploit: q. v.
     1 avadānam measured by your a. avadānasammitāṃ, Sa. vii.
     2 karman (n); v. Deed.
     II In heraldry v. EscukSeon.

ACHROMATIC: *avarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ): a. telescope *avarṇaṃ dūravīkṣaṇaṃ yena tejoviśleṣeṇa raktapītādyādimavaṇe na dṛśyate.

ACID:
     I adj. amla: (mlā mlaṃ).
     II Subs.: amlaḥ.

ACIDITY:
     1 amlatā;
     2 amlatvabh, a. of stomach amlapittaḥ.

ACIDUOUS: īṣadamlaḥ (mlā mlaṃ) (?)

ACKNOWLEDGE (v. t.):
     1 abhyupa-eti (i. c. 2) she a. defeat from me mattaḥ parājayo'bhyupetaḥ, D. ii.;
     2 abhyupa-gacchati (gam, c. 1): I a. I am just so abhyupagataṃ tāvadasmābhirevaṃvidhā eva vayam, Sa. v.;
     3 svīkaroti, D. s.;
     4 aṃgīkaroti, if one would not a. the authority of inference yadi kaścitprāmāṇyamanumānasya nāṅgīkuryāt, D. s.;
     5 pratipadyate (pad, c. 4.), M. viii. 183.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
     1 svīkāraḥ;
     2 abhyupagamaḥ;
     3 abhyupāyaḥ;
     4 aṅgīkāraḥ.

ACME: parā koṭiḥ: the a. of joy parāṃ koṭimānandasya, K.

ACONITE: A poison: vatsanābhaḥ.

ACORN: i. e. The fruit of the oak: v. Oak.

ACOUSTIC:
     1 śrautaḥ (tī taṃ);
     2 Comp. with śrotra-.

ACOUSTICS: *śabdavidyā.

ACQUAINT (v. t.):
     I To make familiar: parīcayaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8) ā-carati (car, c. 1), making himself a. ed with all sciences sarvavidyāparicayamācarataḥ, K. II. To inform: q. v. bodhayati ava-, (c. of budh), you should keep me a. ed with whatever happens there everyday pratyahañca yadyattatra vṛttāntaṃ jātaṃ tadasmi tvayāvabodhyaḥ, D. iii.

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ACQUAINTANCE:
     I Familiar knowledge:
     1 paricayaḥ, out of respect for his a. with all practical arts sakalakalākalāpaparicayabahumānena, K.;
     2 saṃstavaḥ (rare): v. Knowledge, intimacy.
     II A person known;
     1 paricitaḥ (tā taṃ), like old a. s ciraparicitāviva, D. iii.;
     2 saṃstutaḥ (tā taṃ) Ki. iii. 2.

ACQUAINTED WITH: abhiñjaḥ (ñjā ñjaṃ) (with gen.), I am not a. with such affairs evaṃ vidhānāṃ vṛttāntānāmanamiñjāsmi; K.: Ph. we are not a. with love affairs anabhyantarā khalu vayaṃ madanagatasya vṛttāntasya, Sa. iii.

ACQUIESCE: v. To assent, abide by, content with.

ACQUIESCENCE: sammatiḥ: v. Assent.

ACQUIRE (v. t.):
     1 arjati upa-, (arj, c. 1) or commonly, upārjanaṃ karoti (with gen.);
     2 adhi-gacchati (gam, c. 1), to a. fame yaśodhigantum, Ki. iii. 40. v. To gain, obtain.

ACQUIREMENT:
     I The act of acquiring
     1 arjanam upārjanam, by the a. of knowledge vidyopārjanena, P. i. p.;
     2 adhigamaḥ;
     3 lābhaḥ;
     4 avāptiḥ.
     II Of knowledge: v. Attainment.

ACQUISITION:
     I Acquirement: q. v.
     II The thing acquired lābhaḥ v. Gain.

ACQUIT (v. i.):
     1 muñcati (muc, c. 6.);
     2 mocayati (c. of. muc);
     3 nistārayati (c. of tṝ) (?)

ACQUIT ONESELF: ā-carati (car, c. 1.): v. To conduct.

ACQUITTAL:
     1 muktiḥ;
     2 mocanam;
     3 mokṣaḥ.

ACQUITTANCE:
     I Of debt:
     1 pariśodhaḥ;
     2 niryātanam.
     II A receipt: q. v.

ACRE: bhūmānaviśeṣaḥ.

ACRID (adj.): kaṭuḥ (ṭvī ṭu): v. Pungent, sharp, acrimonious.

ACRIMONIOUS:
     1 kaṭuḥ (ṭvī ṭu);
     2 ugraḥ (grā graṃ);
     3 prakharaḥ (rā raṃ).

ACRIMONIOUSNESS, ACRIMONY:
     1 kaṭutvam;
     2 prākharyam;
     3 ugratvam.

ACROSS (adv.):
     1 vyatyastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 koṇākoṇi (?)

ACROSS (prep.): Ph. I will go a. the river. nadīpāraṃ gamiṣyāmi; a bridge has been laid a. the Son *śonasyopari seturbabandhe.

ACROSTIC: Nearest word citrakāvyam, Kav. i. 8.; *ādyākṣarabandhaḥ.

ACT (v. t.):
     I To do, perform: q. v.
     II On the stage:
     1 abhinayati (, c. 1), Sa. 1.;
     2 pra-yojayati (yuj, c. 10), we should a. Malabikagnimitra in this spring festival mālavikāgnimitramasmin vasantotsave prayoktavyam, Mal.;
     3 nāṭayati (naṭ, c. 10.), Ma. i.: Ph. Urbashi a. ing the part of Lakshmi. lakṣmībhūmikāyāṃ vartamānorvaśī, V. iii. N. B. The sense of a. ing is often expressed by nomi. v. s.: a. the nymph apsarāyate.

ACT (v. i.):
     I To be in action: karoti (kṛ, c. 8): this is not possible that one a. s and another enjoys na hye tat sambhaviṣyatyanyaḥ karotyanyaḥ bhuṅkta iti, D. s.
     II To conduct oneself:
     1 ācarati (car, c. 1): the king has a. ed very ungentlemanly towards Sakuntala tena rājñā śakuntalāyāmanāryamācaritam, Sa. iv. v. To behave;
     2 by nominal verbs: to a. as. a step-mother sapatnāyate; to a. as a tutor gurūyate; to a. like yourself tvadyate.
     III On the stage: abhinayati (, c. 1) v. Act (v. t.) (II).

ACT (subs):
     I A deed: q. v.:
     1 karman (n);
     2 kriyā;
     3 kṛtam.
     II A division of a play: aṅka (mn.)
     III A law: *vidhiḥ Ph.: the last act of life: (jīvanasya) caramadaśā.

ACTION:
     I Agency: Often not expr: water boils by the a. of heat *vāri tapati tāpena. Ph. the a. of the senses indriyāṇāṃ vṛttiḥ, Ku. iii. 72; the a. of love madanasya vyāpāraḥ, Sa. i.
     II Deed, conduct: q. v.
     1 ceṣṭitam;
     2 viceṣṭitam.
     III Gesticulation: q. v. ceṣṭā, M. vii. 63.
     IV Law suit, cause: q. v. kāryam, Mr. xi. V. An engagement, battle: q. v.: yuddham.
     VI In plays etc.: *kāryam: there is much a. in the play *kāryabhulaṃ nāṭakam.:

ACTIONABLE:
     1 vyavahāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ),;
     2 vyavahartavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ): a. subject vyavahārapadaṃ, M.

ACTIVE (adj.):
     I Agile, nimble:
     1 utthānaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 utsāhin (f. ) (=zealous); (3, 4) kṣiprakārin āśukārin (f. ṇī) (=one who does quick);
     5 tīkṣṇakarman (mfn) (sharp worker);
     6 atandritaḥ (tā taṃ) (=not slow).
     II Busy, industrious; q. v.;
     1 karmiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ)
     2 vyavasāyin (f. )
     III In gram.; Ph. a. verb skarmakakriyā; a. voice kartṛvācyam. --
     IV As opposed to passive: Ph. a. organs karmendriyāṇi (n. pl.); entered into a. life saṃsārakārye vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?)

ACTIVITY (subs.):
     I Agility,:
     1 kṣiprakāritā;
     2 utsāhaḥ v. Zeal.
     II Industry and energy:
     1 udyogaḥ;
     2 vyavasāyaḥ;
     3 avyavasāyaḥ;
     4 karmābhiniveśaḥ;
     5 utthānaśīlatā. Ph. with great a. mahatā yatnena.

ACTOR:
     I A doer: q. v.: kartṛ (m).
     II A stage player:
     1 naṭaḥ;
     2 nartakaḥ;
     3 kuśīlavaḥ;
     4 cāraṇaḥ;
     5 śailūṣaḥ;
     6 abhinetṛ (m);
     7 raṅgājīvaḥ;
     8 śailālin (m) (rare).

ACTRESS:
     1 naṭī;
     2 nartakī;
     3 abhinetrī.

ACTUAL:
     1 yathārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     2 Comp. with paramārthaṃ: v. Real, true.

ACTUALITY:
     1 yathārthatā;
     2 tattvam: v. Realty.

ACTUALLY:
     1 paramārthataḥ;
     2 yathārthataḥ: v. Really, truely.

ACTUARY: lekhakaḥ (?) v. Clerk, Registrar.

ACTUATE: pra-ṇudati (nud, c. 6): v. To move, impel, influence.

ACUMEN:
     1 sūkṣmadarśitā;
     2 kuśāgrabuddhiḥ: v. Sagacity.

ACUTE (adj.):
     I In intellect:
     1 sūkṣmadarśina (f. );
     2 kuśāgrabuddhi (mfn.), R. v. 4.: v. Subtle, shrewd, keen.
     II Of the senses tikṣṇaḥ (kṣṇā kṣṇaṃ): v. Sharp, penetrating.
     III Sharp, pointed: q. v.: Ph. a. angle: v. Angle: a. accent udāttaḥ; a. pain tīvravedanā.

ACUTELY: v. Sharply, kneely, subtly.

ACUTNESS:
     I Of intellect: v. Acumen.
     II Of the senses:
     1 taikṣṇyam;
     2 tejaḥ.

ADAGE: vacanam (when the sense is clear): v. Proverb, saying.

ADAMANT:
     I An imaginary stone: vajraḥ (Lit. and Fig.).
     II Lode-stone q. v. ayaskāntaḥ.

ADAPT: v. To fit, suit. A. ed: v. Fit, suitable.

ADAPTATIONS: v. Fitness, suitability.

ADD:
     I To sum up:
     1 yojayati saṃ-, (yuja, c. 10).;
     2 saṃ-kalayati (kal, c. 10).
     II To gain, unite: q. v.: yojayati.
     III To speak in addition aparaṃ ca bravīti (brū, c. 2), abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3), etc.

ADDER: sarpaviśeṣaḥ.

ADDICT:
     1 ātmānaṃ ā-sajjayati (with loc.);
     2 āsajjate (with loc.): v. To devote, give up.

ADDICTED:
     1 āsaktaḥ prasaktaḥ, or saktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 nirataḥ (tā taṃ).

ADDITION:
     I The process of adding
     1 saṅkalanam;
     2 saṅkalitam; a. of fractions bhinnasaṅkalitam, Li.
     II The act of adding
     1 yogaḥ;
     2 saṃyogaḥ;
     3 samāyogaḥ;
     4 saṅkanam
     III Anything added yogaḥ: v. Increase.

ADDITIONAL: Ph. on receiving the a. powers *atiriktakṣmatāṃ prāpya; there are additional reasons for his departure *tasya prasthānasyāparāṇi kāraṇāni santi.

ADDLE (adj.):
     1 naṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?);
     2 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?) v. Putrid.

ADDLE-HEADED: v. Silly, foolish.

ADDRESS (subs.):
     I A speaking to;
     1 sambodhanam;
     2 abhibhāṣaṇam;
     3 vacanam.
     II A massage of respect: perh. abhivādaḥ.
     III Manner of speaking to another: Ph. of pleasing a. priyambadaḥ (dā daṃ) or miṣṭabhāṣin (f. ṇī) or madhurālāpin (f. ).
     IV Tact, dexterity: q. v. dakṣatā: V. In pl.: of courtship: Ph. his a. es were rejected *tasyāmantraṇaṃ pratyādiṣṭam.
     VI The superscription of a letter: bāhyanāman (n.) get this letter written by Sakatadasa without putting any a.: adattabāhyanāmānaṃ lekhaṃ śakaṭadāsena lekhayitvā Mu. i.
     VII The direction nāmadhamanī (n. du.).

ADDRESS (v. t.):
     I To discourse to:
     1 sambodhayati (budh, c. 10) or sambodhanaṃ karoti;
     2 abhi-bhāṣate sabh- ā- samā-, (bhāṣ, c. 1), he a. es me by my name nāmagrahaṇapūrvakaṃ māṃ sambhāṣate;
     3 abhi-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3), a. me as you have been accustomed to do yathābhyastamabhidhīyatāṃ, U. i.: v. To speak to.
     II To superscribe (as a letter): q. v.: Ph. he a. ed a letter to me sa mahyaṃ patraṃ prāhiṇot.
     III To court, woo: q. v.

ADDUCE (v. t.):
     1 diśati ut- nira-, (diś, c. 6), if a man does not a. witness saying that he has got them sākṣiṇo mama vidyante ityuktā yo na nirdiśati, K. b, M. viii. 56.;
     2 upanyasyati (as, c. 4) a. ing of witness sākṣyupanyāsaḥ, K. b.

ADEPT (adj.):
     1 nipuṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 kuśalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 paṭu (mfn.).

ADEQUACY: paryāptiḥ v. Sufficiency. N. B. Better expr. by the adj.

ADEQUATE (adj.):
     I Sufficient: q. v. paryāptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).
     II As applied to men:
     1 upayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ). v. Competent.

ADEQUATELY: Better expr. by the adj.: v. Sufficient, sufficiently.

ADHERE (v. i.):
     1 sajjate (sajj, c. 1), who a. s to my dress ko nu nivasane me sajjate, Sa. iv.;
     2 lagati saṃ-, (lag, c. 1) again a. d to the Sinsapa tree śiṃśapāvṛkṣe punarlalāga, etc. v. To stick, cling to.

ADHERENCE: v. Adhesion.

ADHERENT (subs.): anugāmin (f. ): v. Follower. Ph. Anantasira is an a. of Praharavarma anantasīraḥ prahāravarmaṇaḥ pakṣaḥ, D. iii.: v. Partisan.

ADHESION (subs):
     I Lit.: Sticking to:
     1 saṃlagnatvam;
     2 saṃsaktiḥ
     II Fig. Attachment: q. v.: āsaktiḥ.

ADHESION (adj.): Perh. śyānaḥ (nā naṃ) v. Sticky.

ADIEU (interj.): svasti with dat.

ADIEU (subs):
     1 āmantraṇam;
     2 āpracchanam. To bid a.
     1 āmantrayate (mantr, c. 10). R. vii. 30.;
     1 ā-pṛcchate, (praccha, c. 6). R. viii. 49.

ADJACENT (adj.):
     1 sannihitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 sannikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 samīpavartin (f. );
     4 nikaṭasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ);
     5 āsannavartin (f. ).

ADJECTIVE:
     1 viśeṣaṇam;
     2 guṇavācakaḥ śabdaḥ.

ADJOIN (v. t.):
     1 lagati saṃ-, (lag, c. 1);
     2 spṛśati, (spṛś, c. 6).

ADJOINING (adj.): saṃlagnaḥ or lagnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ).

ADJOURN (v. t.): Perh. vyā-kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6): a. ed the case till monday *somavāraṃ yāvat kāryaṃ vyācikṣepa: v. To put off, postpone.

ADJOURN (v. i.): Ph. the parliament a. ed for four days *caturdivasaṃ mahāsabhā tyaktakāryāsīt.

ADJOURNMENT: vyākṣepaḥ (?) v. Postponment.

ADJUDGE (v. t.): v. To award, to decree, to sentence.

ADJUDICATE: nirṇayati (, c. 1): v. To decide, judge.

ADJUDICATION:
     1 nirṇayaḥ;
     2 nirṇayanam: v. Decision.

ADJUNCT:
     1 saṃyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 sammilitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 anubaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

ADJURATION:
     I The act adjuring: śāpanam.
     II The form of oath: śapathaḥ.

ADJURE: v. To entreat, beg.

ADJUST:
     I To make extact, fit: q. v.
     II To Regulate: q. v. sannidadhāti (dhā, c. 3).
     III Of accounts: v. Account.

ADJUSTMENT: v. Regulation, settlement.

ADJUTANCY: *sahacarapadam.

ADJUTANT (subs):
     I A military officer: *sahacaraḥ.
     II The gigantic crane:
     1 asthibhakṣaḥ;
     2 lohapṛṣṭhaḥ.

ADMEASUREMENT, ADMENSURATION: v. Measurement, mensuration.

ADMINISTER (v. t.):
     I To manage, execute: q. v. nir-vāhayati (c. of vah): Ph. to a. justice dharmavivecanaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.) M. viii. 21.
     II To give, afford: q. v. dadāti (, c. 3).
     III To tender an oath: śāpayati (c. of śapa).
     IV To manage an estate: *mṛtakasampatteḥ rakṣaṇāvekṣaṇaṃ karoti.

ADMINISTRATION:
     I Execution, management: q. v.: nirvāhaḥ. Ph. a. of Government śāsanam; a. of justice dharmavivecanam; internal a. prajāsu vṛttiḥ, Ki. i. I. II. The executive part of Government: sacivāḥ (m. pl.).
     III Legal. t. t.: Ph. letters of a. *nirvāhapatram.

ADMINISTRATIVE: Ph. his a. abilities are proverbial *tasya śāsanakāryadākṣyaṃ suprasiddham.

ADMINISTRATOR:
     I A manager: q. v.: nirvāhakaḥ.
     II Of an intestate's property: rakṣakaḥ.

ADMIRABLE (adj.):
     1 ślādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ);
     2 praśastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     3 adbhutaḥ (tā taṃ) (=wonderful, q. v.);
     4 anupamaḥ (mā maṃ) (=incomparable, q. v.).

ADMIRABLE (interj.): sādhu suṣṭhu.

ADMIRABLY:
     1 sādhu;
     2 suṣṭhu;
     3 In comp., by the words given under Admirable.

ADMIRAL:
     1 nāvikanāyakaḥ, D. vi.;
     2 *raṇapotapatiḥ.

ADMIRALTY: The board of a.: *raṇapotasacivamaṇḍalo; sāmudrikasacivasamājaḥ.

ADMIRATION:
     1 ślāghā;
     2 praśaṃsā;
     3 praśaṃsāvācaḥ (acclamation, q. v.);
     4 vismayaḥ (=wonder, q. v.) Ki. xiii. 17.

ADMIRE (v. t.):
     1 pra-śaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1), Indra a. d the speed ... balasya śatruḥ praśaśaṃsa śīghratām, Si. i. 52.;
     2 ślāghate (ślāgh, c. 1), a. d by the assembled gods ślāṣito devasaṅghaiḥ, Ki. xviii. 48;
     3 stavīti (stu, c. 2) (some) a. deep sense stuvanti gurvīmabhigheyasampadam, Ki. xiv. 5.: v. To praise.

ADMIRER:
     I Lit. praśaṃsakaḥ.
     II A lover: q. v.

ADMIRINGLY: Of gazing:
     1 vismayavikasitākṣaḥ (kṣī kṣaṃ), D.;
     2 niścalanibaddhalakṣyeṇa, K.

ADMISSIBLE (adj.): grahyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ), M. viii. 78.

ADMISSION (subs):
     I Acknowledgment: q. v.: svīkāraḥ.
     II Admittance, entrance:
     1 praveśaḥ;
     2 praveśanam.

ADMIT (v. t.):
     I To allow to enter:
     1 praveśayati, a. them at once avilambitaṃ praveśaya tau, Sa. ii.;
     2 ā-veśayati (c. of viś), a. ing (me) to his hut svakuṭiramāveśya, D. iii.
     II To acknowledge: q. v.:
     1 abhyupaiti (i, c. 2);
     2 abhyupagacchati, (gam, c. 1).
     III To be capable of: Ph. it a. s of no other construction *atrānyo'nvayo nalagati or nopapadyate; it a. s of no delay vilambaṃ na sahate (?).

ADMITTANCE: v. Admission.

ADMITTING THAT: v. Granting.

ADMIXTURE: miśraṇam v. Mixture.

ADMONISH (v. t.):
     1 anu-bodhayati (c. of budh): v. To remind;
     2 upadiśati (diś, c. 6): v. To advise;
     3 upā-labhate (labh, c. 1): v. To reprove.

ADMONISHER:
     1 upadeśakaḥ v. Adviser;
     2 prabodhakaḥ (?): v. Monitor.

ADMONITION:
     1 upadeśaḥ v. Advice;
     2 upālambhaḥ v. Reproof;
     3 pratyādeśaḥ (?): v. Warning.

ADMONITORY (adj.): upadeśagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ).

ADO (subs): v. Trouble, difficulty, bustle.

ADOLESCENCE (subs):
     1 yauvanam;
     2 tāruṇyam: v. Youth.

ADOLESCENT (adj.): yuvan (f. yuvatī or yunī): v. Young.

ADOPT (v. t.):
     1 gṛhvāti pari- prati-, (grah, c. 9) (Lit. and Fig.) he who a. s a son... yaḥ putraṃ parigṛhvīyāt, M. ix. 171.;
     2 karoti (=to make, applicable only to a. ing children), who should a. and what sort of children. kena kaḥ kriyatāṃ sutaḥ, D. m.: Ph. to a. as a son putrīkaroti (nomi). D. m.

ADOPTER: grahītṛ parigrahītṛ pratigrahītṛ (f. trī) (Lit. and Fig.), D. m.

ADOPTION:
     1 parigrahaḥ pratigrahaḥ (Lit and Fig.) D. m.;
     2 putrīkaraṇaṃ (=a. as a child), D. m.

ADOPTIVE:
     I One who adopts: parigrahītṛ (f. trī): v. Adopter.
     II One who is a. ed:
     1 kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 dattakaḥ (a son given);
     3 krītaḥ (a son bought). See M. ix. 168. 169. 174. 177.: Ph. a. daughter apatyakṛtikā, U. i.

ADORABLE:
     1 ārādhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 upāsyaḥ (syā syaṃ);
     3 pūjyaḥ (jyā jyaṃ).

ADORATION:
     1 ārādhanā;
     2 upāsanā;
     3 pūjā.

ADORE (v. t.):
     1 upa-āste (ās, c. 2);
     2 upa-tiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1);
     3 ārādhayati (rādh, c. 10);
     4 pūjayati (pūj, c. 10).

ADORER:
     1 ārādhakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 upāsakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 pūjakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ADORN (v. t.):
     1 alaṃ-karoti (kṛ, c. 8);
     2 bhūṣayati vi-, (bhūṣ c. 10);
     3 maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10);
     4 pra-sādhayati (c. of sidh).

ADORNER:
     1 alaṅkartṛ (f. trī);
     2 prasādhakaḥ (f. dhikā).

ADORNMENT:
     I Adorning:
     1 bhūṣā;
     2 maṇḍanam;
     3 alaṃkriyā.
     II Ornament: q. v.:
     1 alaṅkāraḥ;
     2 bhūṣaṇam.

ADRIFT: itastataḥ plavamānaḥ (nā naṃ). To set a.: Perh. plāvayati (c. of plu).

ADROIT (adj.):
     1 nipuṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 hastavat (f. ): v. Clever, skilful, dexterous.

ADROITLY:
     1 naipuṇyena;
     2 sapāṭavam;
     3 hastavattayā.

ADROITNESS:
     1 dākṣyam;
     2 naipuṇyam;
     3 hastavattā;
     4 cāturī.

ADULATION:
     1 cāṭūktiḥ;
     2 stavaḥ (?);
     3 by false a. s vitathaiḥ stavaiḥ, Si.

ADULATOR: cāṭukāraḥ, v. Flatterer.

ADULATORY:
     1 cāṭupūrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (?);
     2 praśaṃsāgarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ);
     3 ślāghāsūcakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ADULT:
     1 prāptavyavahāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 yuvan (f. ): v. Youthful.

ADULTERATE (v. t.): apadravyeṇa miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.) or sim. miśrayati (when the sense is clear). Ph. a. d with water jalasaṃsṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), M.

ADULTERATER:
     1 miśrakaḥ, M xi. 50;
     2 apadravyeṇamiśraṇakartṛ (m), K. b.

ADULTERATION: apadravyamiśraṇaṃ, or sim. miśraṇaṃ (when the sense is clear).

ADULTERER:
     1 pāradārikaḥ;
     2 pāratalpikaḥ;
     3 parastrīkāmin (m).

ADULTERESS:
     1 vyabhicāriṇī;
     2 parapuruṣasaṅgatā.

ADULTEROUS:
     1 vyabhicārin (f. ṇī);
     2 Comp. with vyabhicāra.

ADULTERY:
     1 vyabhicāraḥ;
     2 pāradāryam;
     3 parastrīgamanam;
     4 parakalatralaṅghanam;
     5 patilaṅghanam;
     6 parapuruṣasaṅgamanam. N. B. Note that 2, 3, and 4 applicable to men only, and 5 and 6 to women only. Ph.: to commit a. with a man parapuruṣaṃ saṃgacchati (gam, c. 1), with a woman parastrīṃ bhajate-ti (maj, c. 1).

ADUMBRATE (v. t.): praticchāyāṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8) (?).

ADUMBRATION: i. e. the skekS: praticchāyā (?).

ADUST:
     1 dagdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ);
     2 śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ): v. Parched.

ADVANCE (v. i.):
     I To move forward:
     1 prayāti, the chariot a. d towards Krishna abhiśauri rathaḥ prayayau, Si. xx. 2.;
     2 uccalati (cal, c. 1), I a. d three or four steps tricaturāṇi padānyudacalam, D. ii.;
     3 abhi-yāti (, c, 2), abhyā-gacchati (gam, c. 1), etc. (with acc.), at once a. d against the lords of the quarters sapadi kakubhāmīśānamabhyāgamat, Ku. xvi. 50.;
     4 abhimukhaṃ yāti vrajati, etc., should a. against the enemy dviṣato'bhimukhaṃ vrajet, Ka. xviii. 2. Ph. the day has a. d dūramadhiruḍhaḥ savitā Sa. iv.
     II To make progress: q. v.: Ph. with his age, he a. d in knowledge vayasā saha ñjānamasya vavṛdhe. Ph.: of a. d age:
     1 gatavayas, H.;
     2 galitavayas, R.;
     3 pariṇatavayas, K.

ADVANCE (v. t.):
     I To bring forward abhimukhaṃ cālayati (c. of cal) or nayati (, c. 1.)
     II To promote, forward: q. v.: varddhayati (c. of vṛdh)
     III To offer or propose (as an opinion): q. v.
     IV To pay before- hand: Ph. a. d 500 rupees for the bridge *setubandhanārthaṃ pañcaśatarūpyamudrāḥ prāgeva dattavān.

ADVANCE (subs):
     I Onward movement:
     1 prayāṇam. v. Going;
     2 āgamanam. v. Coming.
     II Progress, improvement: q. v.: unnatiḥ.
     III Increase of price:. vṛddhiḥ.
     IV A paying beforehand: agrimadānam (?).

ADVANCED-GUARD: nāsīracarāḥ (m. pl.) (after Vi.) and sim. comp.

ADVANCEMENT:
     1 unnatiḥ.
     2 abhyudayaḥ: v. Promotion.

ADVANTAGE (subs)
     I Benefit:
     1 hitam (=good q. v.), for whose a. kasya hitāya;
     2 lābhaḥ (=profit, q. v.), what a. will you derive *tava ko lābho bhaviṣyati;
     3 guṇaḥ = merit, q. v.). they do not know the a. s of riding *aśvārohaṇatuṇānna jānanti.
     II Opportunity: q. v.: avasaraḥ.
     III Superiority: Ph. the enemy had the a. of us in number śatrūṇāṃ saṃkhyāsmadadhikāsīt.

ADVANTAGE (v. t.): upakaroti (kṛ, c. 8): v. To profit.

ADVANTAGEOUS:
     1 hitakara: (rī raṃ): v. Beneficial;
     2 lābhāvahaḥ (hā haṃ) v. Profitable;
     3 arthakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (=enriching) To be a.: v. To advantage.

ADVANTAGEOUSLY:
     I Profitably: q. v.
     II Conveniently: q. v.

ADVENT: āgamanam: v. Arrival.

ADVENTITIOUS:
     1 āhāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ);
     2 āgantukaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 bāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ) (=external: q. v.).

ADVENTURE:
     I Risk, hazard: q. v.
     II A remarkable achievement:
     1 adbhutaṃ karma, although a boy, Rama is celebrated for his a. s rāmaḥ karmabhiradbhutaiḥ śiśurapi khyātaḥ, Vi. iii.;
     2 caritam, (=the sum total of one's a. s) the a. s of the ten princes daśakumāracaritam.
     III Accident: q. v.

ADVENTURE: v. To venture, dare.

ADVENTURER: sāhasikaḥ (kī kaṃ). A military a.: v. Freebooter.

ADVENTUROUS: sāhasikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Bold, rash.

ADVERB: kriyāviśeṣaṇam. Ajal: *kriyāviśeṣakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ADVERSARY:
     1 vairin (m);
     2 vipakṣaḥ v. Opponent, enemy.

ADVERSATIVE: *virodhasūcakamavyayam yathā--'tu' 'tathāca'.

ADVERSE:
     1 pratikūlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 vipakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ): v. Inimical, hostile.

ADVERSITY:
     1 vipad (f);
     2 āpad (f): v. Calamity, misfortune.

ADVERT TO:
     1 udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): if in course of conversation, people were to a. your name kathāprasaṅge na janairudāhṛtāt tavābhidhānāt, Ki. i. 24;
     2 ut-likhati (likh, c. 6): v. To notice, allude.

ADVERTENCE: avadhānam: v. Attention, notice.

ADVERTISE (v. t.):
     I To inform: q. v.: ñjapayati (c. of ñjā).
     II To publish a notice of:
     1 *vi-ñjāpayati (c. of ñjā);
     2 *dhopayati (dhuṣ, c. 10): Ph. a. d a horse for sale in the Soma Prakasa *vikreyo ghoṭaka iti somaprakāśapatrikāyāṃ viñjāpayāmāsa.

ADVERTISEMENT:
     I Information: q. v. A public notice:
     1 *vijñāpanam;
     2 ghoṣaṇā.

ADVERTISER: *ghoṣakaḥ.

ADVICE:
     I Counsel:
     1 upadeśaḥ;
     2 śāsanam;
     3 anuśāsanam. To give a. may be expr. by śāsti etc.: what sort of friend is he who does not give good a. to his master sa kiṃsakhā sādhu na śāsti yo'dhipam, Ki. i. 5: v. To advise.
     II Intelligence: q. v. saṃvādaḥ.

ADVISABLE: yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) B. xii. 15. v. Prudent, expedient.

ADVISABILITY: aucityam: v. Expediency.

ADVISE (v. t.)
     I To give advise:
     1 upadiśati (diś, c. 6). there is nothing to a. you te nālpamapyupadeṣṭavyamasti, K.;
     2 śāsti anu-, (śās, c. 2), a. me what is to be done with this wealth kiṃ vidheyamanayārthasampadā śādhi....māṃ, Si. xiv. 11. N. B. These verbs may take two acc. s.
     II To inform: q. v.: ñjāpayati (c. of ñjā).

ADVISEDLY: v. Designedly, purposely. Ph. a. cruel pratipattiniṣṭuraḥ, R. viii. 65.

ADVISER:
     1 upadeṣṭṛ (m);
     2 upadeśakaḥ;
     3 śāsakaḥ (rare in this sense).

ADVOCACY: No equiv.: *abhibhāṣaṇam: v. Defence, vindication, recommendation.

ADVOCATE (v.): *abhibhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1): v. To plead, defend, vindicate.

ADVOCATE (subs):
     I A pleader: *abhibhāṣakaḥ; ukilaḥ: II. A. defender, vindicator: q. v. *abhibhāṣakaḥ.

ADVOWEE: *dharmavṛttidaḥ (dā daṃ).

ADVOWSON: *dharmavṛttidānam.

ADZE:
     1 vāsiḥ (m) or vāsī (f);
     2 takṣaṇī.

AERIAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 vāyavaḥ (vī vaṃ);
     2 vāyusambhavaḥ (vā vaṃ) (=produced in the air);
     3 vaihāyasaḥ (=through the air). Ph. a. flight:
     1 nabhogatiḥ;
     2 viyadutpatanaṃ; a. spirit nabhaścaraḥ (rī raṃ). --
     II Fig.: lofty: vyomaspṛś (mfn) and sim. comp.

AERIE:
     1 kulāyaḥ;
     2 nīḍaḥ: v. Nest.

AEROLITE: Perh. gaṇḍaśailaḥ; *vāyūpalaḥ.

AEROMANCY: *vāyugatyā bhaviṣyaśubhāśubhakathanam.

AEROMETER: *bhāramāpaḥ; vāyvādīnāṃ bhāramāpakayantraviśeṣaḥ.

AERONAUT: vimānayātṛ (f. trī); nabhaścaraḥ (rī raṃ).

AESTHETICS: *ruciviñjānam.

AFAR: dūrāt (from a.) A. off dūrasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ).

AFFABILITY:
     1 madhurālāpatā;
     2 miṣṭabhāṣitā;
     3 saujanyam;
     4 praśrayaḥ.

AFFABLE:
     1 madhurālāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 miṣṭamāṣin (f. ṇī): v. Courteous.

AFFABLY:
     1 saujanyena;
     2 praśrayeṇa: v. Courteously.

AFFAIR: kāryam, state a. s rājakāryāṇiḥ v. Business.

AFFECT (v. t.):
     I To act upon, infuence: Ph. I am a. ed with pain in the feet mama pādayoḥ pīḍā sañjātā; as if a. ed with devil piśācopahatamiva.
     II Of feeling Ph. a. ed with sorrow śokāmibhūtaḥ (tā taṃ); a. ed with joy harṣākulaḥ (lā laṃ); a. ed with those lamentations āhatastaiḥ paridevitākṣaraiḥ; his speech did not a. the audience *tasyoktiḥ śrotṛvargahṛdayānina jagrāha or śrotṛvargahṛdayeṣvavakāśaṃ na lebhe
     III To aspire to, aim at: q. v.
     IV To love: q. v. V. To concern: q. v.
     VI To make a mere show of. Ph. a. ing quarrel kṛtakakalahaṃ kṛtvā, Mu. iii.; a. ing anger sakṛtakakopaṃ Sa. i.: v. To feign.

AFFECTED:
     I Assumed:
     1 kṛtakaḥ (kā kaṃ), restraining his a. anger kṛtakaṃ kopaṃ saṃhṛtya, Mu. iii.;
     2 kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ), un-a. love akṛtrimaṃ prema, Ki. iii. 37.: v. False, feigned.
     II Moved
     1 taralaḥ (lā laṃ), I am a. by your manners tāvakairanubhāvaistaralāḥ smaḥ, N. v. 24;
     2 galitaḥ (tā taṃ) (=melted): v. To affect (II)
     III Unnatural and offensive: Perh. kṛtakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Unnatural.

AFFECTEDLY:
     1 By the adj: v. Affected;
     2 sāṭopaṃ (=boastfully)

AFFECTING (adj.): karuṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (=pathetic, q. v.): v. To affect (II).

AFFECTINGLY: karuṇam spoke a. karuṇamabhihitam, K. x. 58: v. Pathetically.

AFFECTION:
     I Love:
     1 snehaḥ;
     2 anurāgaḥ;
     3 praṇayaḥ (conjugal or friendly a.);
     4 preman (n) v. Love;
     5 vātsalyam (parental a.);
     6 hārdam (rare). N. B. Note that these words agree with the loc.: I said I feel a. for this child as for my own aurasa ivāsmin vatse vatsalateti mayā vijñāpitaḥ, D. iii.
     II An attribute or property: Ph. a. s of the mind manovṛttayaḥ; a. s of bodies śārīradharmāḥ.
     III Disease: q. v.: Ph. remover of all rheumatic a. s sarvavātavikāranut, Sr.

AFFECTIONATE:
     1 snigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ);
     2 praṇayin (f. ), a. heart praṇayi hṛdayam Me. i. 10;
     3 vatsalaḥ (lā laṃ) (applied to parents);
     4 bhaktimat (f. ) (of dutiful affection towards parents and elder relatives);
     5 premaparaḥ (rā raṃ).

AFFECTIONATELY:
     1 snigdhabh;
     2 sānurāgam;
     3 prītyā.

AFFECTIONATENESS: snigdhatā: v. Affection
     1

AFFIANCE (subs):
     I Marriage contract:
     1 vivāhasambandhaḥ;
     2 vāgdānaṃ (only of the female by her guardian).
     II Trust, confidence: q. v. viśvāsaḥ.

AFFIANCE (v. t.):
     I To betroth: q. v. pratiśṛṇoti (śru, c. 5), a. d to me mahyaṃ pratiśrutā.
     II To trust, confide: q. v.: viśvasiti (śvas, c. 2).

AFFIDAVIT: *śapathapūrvā viñjaptiḥ: Ph. he made an a. that he is a bachelor *akṛtodvāho'smīti śapathapūrvakaṃ vijñāpayāmāsa.

AFFILIATE:
     I To adopt: q. v. II.: To ally; q. v.
     III To receive into a society: Ph. a. d to the Calcutta University *kalikātāviśvavidyālayasaṃśilaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

AFFILIATION:
     I Adoption: q. v.
     II Filiation: q. v.

AFFINITY: sambandhaḥ (general and matrimonial): v. Relative, connection.

AFFIRM:
     I To assert positively: vadati (vad, c. 1): v. To assert.
     II To confirm, establish: q. v.: draḍhayati (nomi).

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AFFIRMANT: vādin (f. ): v. Asserter.

AFFIRMATION:
     I Assertion: q. v.: uktiḥ.
     II Confirmation, establishment: q. v.: Ph. on solemn a. pratijñāpūrvakam (?).

AFFIRMATIVE (adj.):
     I Declaratory of what exists astitvasūcakaḥ (kā kaṃ)
     II Expressing assent svīkārasūcakaḥ (kā kaṃ)
     III Confirmative: v. To confirm, etc.

AFFIRMATIVE (subs).: Ph. 'yes' is an a. atha kiṃ svīkāre; one maintains the a., the other the negative eko'stitvamaparo nāstitvaṃ bravīti.

AFFIX: pratyayaḥ: a. to verbs kṛt; a. to nouns taddhitaḥ.

AFFLICT:
     1 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10);
     2 kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9);
     3 ardati (ard, c. 1.).

AFFLICTING, AFFLICTIVE:
     1 pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vyathakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

AFFLICTION:
     I Misforune, calamity: q. v.
     II Distress, grief; q. v.

AFFLUENCE: samṛddhiḥ: Opulence, riches.

AFFLUENT: samṛddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. Opulent, rich.

AFFLUX: pravāhaḥ (?): v. Flow.

AFFORD:
     I To give, yield, supply: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3)
     II To be able to sell or expend without imprudence: Ph. he can a. to keep four servants *sa caturo bhṛtyān rakṣituṃ śaknoti; he can a. to spend 500 Rs. a day *sa pratyahamakleśena pañcaśatarūpyamudrā vyayituṃ samarthaḥ.

AFFRAY:
     1 dvandvam;
     2 kalahaḥ;
     3 ḍimbaḥ;
     4 ḍamaraḥ (rare).

AFFRIGHT (v.):
     1 mīṣayate (c. of bhī);
     2 trāsayati (c. of tras): v. To frighten.

AFFRIGHT (subs).:
     1 trāsaḥ;
     2 sādhvasam: v. fear, terror.

AFFRONT (v. t.): avamanyate (man, c. 4): v. To insult.

AFFRONT (subs).:
     1 apamānam:;
     2 avamānanāḥ v. Insult.

AFFUSE (v. t.): siñcati ni-, (sic, c. 6): v. To pour.

AFFUSION:
     1 sekaḥ;
     2 niṣekaḥ;
     3 abhiṣekaḥ.

AFLOAT: plavamānaḥ (nā naṃ), or by the verb; I was a. for the day and the whole night tāvadaploṣi yāvadapāsaradvāsaraḥ śarvarī ca sarvā, D. vi. Fig.: the rumour is a. bahulībhūto'yamarthaḥ, Sa. vi.: v. To get abroad.

AFOOT (adv.):
     I Lit.: padbhayām, did she go a. on in a carriage kimasau padbhayāṃ gatā uta pravahaṇena ? Mr. ix.
     II FIG., in action: prārabdhaḥ (bdhā bdhaṃ), good men do not abandon what is set a. prārabghamuttamaguṇā na parityajanti, P: v. To begin, undertake.

AFOREGOING: v. Foregoing.

AFOREMENTIONED, AFORENAMED, AFORESAID:
     1 pūrvoktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 prāguktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

AFORETIME:
     1 purā;
     2 pūrvakāle v. Formerly.

AFRAID:
     1 bhītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śaṅkitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Fearful.

AFRAID, BE:
     1 bibheti (bhī, c. 3) (with abl.): I am a. to allow girls to live publicly bibhemi kanyakānāṃ prakāśāvasthānāt, D. iv.: v. To fear;
     2 śaṅkate (with acc.): v. To apprehend.

AFRESH:
     1 punar;
     2 punarapi: v. Again.

AFT:
     I subs: *(nāvaḥ) paścādbhāgaḥ
     II Adv.: v. Abaft.

AFTER (prep.):
     I Behind: q. v.: anu (with acc.): to go a. anugacchati; to run a. anudravati.
     II At a later time:
     1 By abl.: seen a. a long time bahordṛṣṭaṃ kālāt, U. ii. N. B. This const. is very rare;
     2 anantaraṃ (with abl. or crude base): a. his father pituranantaraṃ, R. ix. 1.; a. 16 years ṣoḍaśavarṣānantaraṃ, D.; just a. his order vacanāntarameva, K.;
     3 paraṃ (with abl.): a. childhood bālyāt paraṃ Ku. i. 31.;
     4 ūrddham (with abl.) a. childbirth ūrddhaṃ prasūteḥ, R. xiv. 66;
     5 arvāk (with abl.) (rare);
     6 When time is specified, by loc. or loc. absolute of words signifying motion: a. the rainy season atīte varṣuke kāle, B. vii. 18.; a. a few days katipayadivasāvagame, K.; tato gateṣu katipayadineṣu, D. (N. B. note that itaḥ (=from this time) and tataḥ (=from that time) are sometimes prefixed in such cases for the sake of precision);
     7 Sometimes by part. s: a. bathing with the water of the cascade nirbharajalanivartitasnānavidhiḥ, K. III. In an inferior degree to: anu (with acc.): a. the acquisition of friends mitralābhamanu, Ki. xiii. 53.
     IV In imitation of:
     1 anu (with acc.), every thing yours is a. me, but you do not feel the pain of separation from your beloved (wife) sarvaṃ māmanu te priyāvirahajāṃ tvaṃ tu vyathāṃ mānubhūḥ, V. iv.;
     2 anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

AFTER (adj.):
     I Subsequent, succeeding, later: q. v.
     II More aft.: Ph. the a. sails *paścādbhāgasthāni vāyuvasanāni.

AFTER (adv.): of time: paścāt: soon a. kiñcitpaścāt, Me. i. 10.; long a. cirāt, Ra. iv.; how long a. kiyaccireṇa, Sa. vi. For phrases like many years a. (=a. many years): v. After (prep.) (II).

AFTER-AGES: āyatiḥ (?) v. Posterity.

AFTER-NOON (subs):
     1 parāhṇaḥ;
     2 uparāhṇaḥ;
     3 vaikālaḥ.

AFTER-NOON (adj.):
     1 aparāhvatanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 āparāhvikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 vaikālikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

AFTER-PAINS: prasavavedanā.

AFTER-PIECE: *uparūpakam *anunāṭakam.

AFTER-THOUGHT:
     1 anuboghaḥ:
     2 uttaracintā (?)

AFTERWARDS:
     1 paścāt;
     2 pareṇa (rare): v. After (adv.), then, thereupon.

AGAIN (adv.):
     I Once more;
     1 punar;
     2 bhūyas;
     3 punarapi. a. and a.:
     1 punaḥpunaḥ;
     2 bhūyobhūyaḥ;
     3 vāraṃvāraṃ;
     4 asakṛt.
     II Moreover: q. v. anyacca Ph.: sleeping never to wake a. apratiboghaśāyin (f. ), R. viii. 58.

AGAINST:
     I Abreast of, facing:
     1 prati-, a. the hostile army pratyarisainyaṃ, R. vii. 55.; a. the wind pratyanilaṃ, Ku. iii. 31.;
     2 Comp. with abhi (rare), a. the enemy abhyamitraṃ, Ki. xvi. 5.;
     3 abhimukhaṃ (in comp. or with gen.) should advance a. the enemy dviṣatobhimukhaṃ vrajet Ka. xviii. 2.
     II In opposition to: Ph. (subjects) should not act a. their king rājanyaviruddhābhirvṛttibhirvatiṃtavyam Mu. i.; I have never acted a. yours wishes pratikūlaṃ na ca te mayā kṛtam; Ku. ii. 7.; if she, a. her caste..... yadiyamatikramya svakulagharmam, D. ii.
     III In provision for: Ph. a. misfortune āpadarthe, H. IV. Upon: q. v.; v. also the verbs to which it is joined.

AGAPE: jṛmbhamānaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Gaping.

AGARIC: v. Mushroom, touchwood.

AGATE: śavalamaṇiviśeṣaḥ Perh. gomedaḥ.

AGE:
     I Time of life:
     1 vayas, and what is his a. kiyadvā vayaḥ, K.; of the same a. savayas, (mfn.), R. v. 65.; of advanced a. galitavayas (mfn.) (poet.) R. iii. 70.; your majesty is still of a. vayaḥstha eva prabhuḥ, Sa. vi.;
     2 āyus (=the whole term of one's life): when the king passed the 61st year of his a. ekaṣaṣṭimatikramya varṣān bhūpatirāyuṣaḥ, Raj.
     II An epoch: q. v. yugam the golden a.
     1 kṛtayugam;
     2 satyayugam.

AGE, OF:
     1 comp. with varṣa vatsara, etc.: thirteen years of a. trayodaśavarṣaḥ (rṣā rṣaṃ) D. iii.; one who has completed twenty years pūrṇaviṃśativarṣaḥ (rṣā rṣaṃ,) M. ii. 212.;
     2 comp. with varṣīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) etc.: twenty years of a. viṃśativarṣīṃyaḥ (yā yaṃ), H. iv.;
     3 comp. with vayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ): v. Aged (II): Ph. about 18 years of a. aṣṭādaśavarṣadeśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), D. vi.; below two years ūnadvivārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ), M. v. 68.: above 90 years of a. navatyadhikavayas (mfn.), K. b.; who has not reached 25th. year of his a. aprāptapañcaviṃśatim Sr.

AGED:
     I OLD: q. v.:
     1 vṛddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (as animals);
     2 purāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ); (as trees etc.).
     II Of a certain age: vayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ), a. ten years daśavarṣavayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ): v. Age, of.

AGENCY:
     I Action: q. v.
     II Instrumentality: kartṛtvam, the a. of God is visible everywhere *sarvatreśvarasya kartṛtvaṃ draṣṭavyam, Ph. through my a. matkartṛkaḥ (kā kaṃ); the burning power of iron is through the a. of applied fire ayaso dagdhṛtvaṃ svasaṃyuktāgnidvārakam, S. p. b.
     III The business of an agent: śākhā (=branch): v. Agent.

AGENT:
     I One who acts for another:
     1 pratinidhiḥ;
     2 pratihastaḥ.
     II An actor: q. v. kartā;
     III An active power: śaktiḥ (with gen.); fire is a powerful a. *agnerūrjasvalā śaktiḥ.

AGGLOMERATE: piṇḍīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To collect.

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AGGLUTINATE: v. To glue, stick to.

AGGRANDIZE:
     1 vardhayati vi- saṃ-, (c. of vṛdh);
     2 tanoti (tan, c. 8.);
     3 sphāvayati (c. of sphāy);
     4 āpyāyayati (c. of pyai);
     5 edhayati (c. of edh).

AGGRANDIZEMENT:
     1 vṛddhiḥ;
     2 vivṛddhiḥ;
     3 vardhanam. v. Advancement, exaltation, enlargement.

AGGRAVATE (v. t.):
     I To enhance: q. v. vardhayati vi-, (c. of vṛdh)
     II To exaggerate: q. v.
     III To provoke or irritate: q. v.

AGGRAVATION:
     I Enhancement: q. v.:
     1 vṛddhiḥ;
     2 upacayaḥ.
     II Exaggeration: q. v.
     III Provocation, irritation: q. v.

AGGREGATE (v. t.): saṃgṛhvāti (grah c. 9.): v. To bring together.

AGGREGATE (subs):
     1 samaṣṭiḥ;
     2 samudāyaḥ;
     3 nicayaḥ; sañcayaḥ.

AGGREGATE (adj.): Expr. by the subs.: also v. Total, whole.

AGGREGATION:
     I An aggregate: q. v.
     II The act of aggregating;
     1 samāhāraḥ;
     2 saṃgrahaḥ. v. Collection.

AGGRESSION:
     1 ākramaṇam, v. Attack;
     2 prathamāpakāraḥ (=first act of mischief).

AGGESSOR:
     1 pūrvāpakāro, B. ix. 102.;
     2 yaḥ prathamaṃ hinasti (hiṃs, c. 7.), ākrāmati, etc.

AGGRESSIVE: ākramaṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Mischievous.

AGGRIEVE:
     1 vyathayati (c. of vyath);
     2 kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9.): v. To grieve, injure.

AGHAST:
     1 bhayaviplutaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 sādhvasopahataḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vismayākulaḥ (lā laṃ).

AGILE:
     1 caṭulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ) v. Nimble.

AGILITY: v. Nimbleness, briskness.

AGISTMENT:
     I Pasturing: cāraṇam.
     II The rate paid for it: cāraṇaśulkam (?).

AGITATE:
     I Lit.:
     1 kṣobhayati vi-, (c. of kṣubh);
     2 dhūnayati vi-, (c. of dhū) v. To shake;
     3 vi-loḍayati (c. of luḍ).
     II Fig.
     1 kṣobhayati;
     2 ākulīkaroti. v. To disturb, excite.
     III Discuss, debate: q. v.

AGITATED,: i. e. excited:
     1 ākulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 viklavaḥ (vā vaṃ).

AGITATED, TO BE:
     1 kṣubhyati (kṣubha, c. 4.);
     2 ākulībhavati (bhū, c. 1.);
     3 hvalati vi-, (hval, c. 1.).

AGITATION:
     I Commotion:
     1 kṣobhaḥ;
     2 viloḍanam;
     3 vidhūnanam.
     II Mental a.:
     1 kṣobhaḥ;
     2 vyākulatā.
     III Discussion: q. v.: vicāraṇam.

AGITATOR: Ph. political a. s. *rājyavikṣobhakāḥ.

AGNAIL:
     1 nakharogaḥ;
     2 cipyam.

AGNATE:
     1 sagotraḥ (trā traṃ);
     2 sanābhi (mfn): v. Kinsman.

AGNUS CASTUS: pādapaviśeṣaḥ.

AGO: Ph. 1927 years a. itaḥ pūrvaṃ saptaviṃśatyuttaronaviṃśatiśattamavarṣe, Tārānāth; six months a. itaḥ ṣaṇmāsāt pūrvam; long a. purā; not very long a. anatipūrvam (?); how long a. kiyatpūrvam (?); sometime a. kiñcitpūrvam (?).

AGOG: kutūhalin (f. ): v. Eager, longing.

AGOING:
     1 calaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 pracalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ).

AGONIZE:
     1 santāpayati (c. of tap);
     2 nitarāṃ vyathayati (c. of vyath).

AGONIZING (adj.):
     1 santāpakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vyathakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Excruciating.

AGONY:
     1 yātanā (physical);
     2 ādhiḥ (mental);
     3 santāpaḥ (gen. mental);
     4 tīvravedanā (gen. physical);
     5 vyathā v. Pain.

AGRARIAN:
     1 kṣetrasambanghaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ) (?);
     2 bhūmiviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

AGREE (v. t.): v. To admit.

AGREE (v. i.):
     I To concur: tathaiva or evaṃ manyate (man, c. 4). In some cases, by circumlo.: my views about jail discipline a. with yours *kārāgāraśāsanaviṣayamatānyāvayorabhinnāni; they a. as to the omniscience of God *īśvarasya sarvajñatvaviṣaye teṣāmaikamatyam.
     II To yield, assent:
     1 sammataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati;
     2 gṛhṇāti pari-, (grah, c. 9) (with acc.): v. To accept.
     III To resemble: q. v.: saṃvadati (vad, c. 1); the characters a. with each other saṃvadantyakṣarāṇi, Mu. v.
     IV To stipulate: q. v.: abhyupaiti; we sent messengers to Kāmamanjari, a. ing that he, who would be sought for by her, would carry the ensign of victory kāmamañjarī yaṃ kāmayate sa haratu sumagapatākāmityabhyupetya prāhiṇuva tasyai dūtān, D. ii. Ph. at the hour a. d upon nirdiṣṭasamaye. V. Of food: Ph. One should eat what a. s with him hitamaśniyāt, Sr.
     VI Gram. t. t.: Ph. a verb a. s with its nominative in number and person *vacanapuruṣaviṣaye kriyā kartāramanugacchati.

AGREEABLE:
     I Pleasing
     1 manoñjaḥ (ñjā ñjaṃ);
     2 hṛdyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ);
     3 abhimataḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 ramyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     5 rucikaraḥ (rī raṃ)
     II Suitable, confirmable, consistent: q. v.

AGREEABLENESS:
     I Pleasantness: q. v. manojñatā.
     II Consistency, agreement: q. v.

AGREEABLY:
     I Pleasantly: q. v.
     II Consistently, in accordance with; q. v.: a. to his command tasyājñānusāreṇa.

AGREEMENT:
     I Compact;
     1 saṃvid, to violate an a. saṃvidaṃ minatti (bhid, c. 7), atikrāmati (kram, c. 1), etc., M.;
     2 niyamaḥ;
     3 samayaḥ;
     4 pratijñā.
     II Harmony of opinions or feelings:
     1 aikyam;
     2 aikamatyam;
     III Conformity, consistency: q. v.:
     1 sādṛśyam;
     2 anurūpam.

AGRICULTURE: kṛṣiḥ, The science of a. kṛṣividyā.

AGRICULTURIST:
     1 karṣakaḥ;
     2 kṛṣikaḥ;
     3 kṛṣijīvī;
     4 kṛṣivalaḥ.

AGROUND: Ph. the boat is a. *bhūmiṃ spṛśati nauḥ.

AGUE:
     I An intermittent fever:
     1 viṣamajvaraḥ;
     2 kampajvaraḥ: a quotidian a. anyedyuṣkaḥ, a tertian a. tṛtīyakaḥ, a quartan a. caturthakaḥ Sr.
     II The ague-fit:
     1 vepathuḥ;
     2 kampaḥ.

AH (inter):
     1 (of grief etc.), v. Alas;
     2 aho (of surprise etc.) v. Oh;
     3 āḥ (of contempt etc.), ah ! frowning at me āḥ mayyeva bhrakuṭīdharaḥ saṃvṛttaḥ, Vi.

AHA (inter): aho (in all the senses of the English word).

AHEAD: v. Forward. To go a.: v. Go on. To get a.: q. v.

AID (subs):
     I Assistance, help:
     1 sāhāyyam;
     2 sāhāyakam.
     II An auxiliary, a helper:
     1 sahāyaḥ;
     2 sāhāyyakārī.

AID (v. t.): sāhāyyaṃ karoti (with gen.): v. To assist, help.

AIDE-DE-CAMP: *sahacaraḥ.

AIL (v. t.): Ph. what a. s thee kā te pīḍā ?: v. III, unwell.

AILING (adj.):
     1 pīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 bādhitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. III, unwell.

AILMENT:
     1 pīḍā;
     2 bāghā;
     3 vyathā;
     4 ātaṅkaḥ.

AIM (subs):
     I The object aimed at:
     1 lakṣayam;
     2 śaravyam;
     3 lakṣaṃ.
     II The direction of a missile weapon: sandhānam.
     III A purpose, intention: q. v. cikīrṣitam.

AIM (v.):
     I To direct an arrow etc.: lakṣīkṛtya kṣipati asyati, etc. Ph.: a. ing at Siva harabaddhalakṣyaḥ, Ku.
     II To aspire, endeavour to attain:
     1 ākāṅkṣati (kāṅkṣ, c. 1), a. ing at your post padakāṅkṣiṇā te, Ku.;
     2 īpsati (desi. of āp).

AIR (subs):
     I The atmosphere:
     1 vāyuḥ;
     2 marut;
     3 mātariśvan (m).
     II The space occupied by air:
     1 vāyuvartman;
     2 vyoman (n.): v. Sky.
     III Air in motion:
     1 vāyuḥ;
     2 pavanaḥ;
     3 anilaḥ;
     4 vātaḥ;
     5 samīraṇaḥ;
     6 gandhavahaḥ. Ph. for taking a. vāyusevanārtham; the vital a. prāṇaḥ
     IV Manner, mien, look: q. v.: ākṛtiḥ
     V A tune or melody: q. v.: rāgaḥ, Ph.: to take a.: i. e. to get abroad: q. v.: bahulībhavati.

AIR (v. t.):
     I To admit the fresh air: supravātaḥ (tā taṃ) karoti.
     II To dry: q. v. ātape dadāti (, c. 3) (to expose to the sun).

AIR-BALLOON:
     1 vyomayānam;
     2 vimānam.

AIR-BLADDER: *vāyukoṣaḥ.

AIR-GUN: *vāyuvandukaḥ.

AIRING:
     I A walk or ride in the air: vāyusevanaṃ or vāyuparisevanaṃ.
     II An exposure to air: v. To air.

AIR-PUMP: *vāyuniṣkāsanayantram.

AIR-SHAFT: (in mines):
     1 vāyucchidram;
     2 ālokapathaḥ (?).

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AIRY (adj.):
     I Consisting of air.
     1 vāyavaḥ (vī vaṃ);
     2 vāyumayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Relating to air: Ph. took an a. flight viyadutpapāta, N. or vihāyasā jagāma; the a. regions vāyuvartman pravahamārgaḥ.
     III Open to air: suvātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Vain, trifling:
     1 śūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ);
     2 asāraḥ (rā raṃ). V. Gay, lively: q. v.

AISLE: No equiv.: prakoṣṭhaḥ may be used.

AKIN:
     I Related by blood:
     1 sagotraḥ (trā traṃ);
     2 sanābhi (mfn.).
     II Allied by nature:
     1 saddaśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 rūpaḥ (pā paṃ) affixed.

ALABASTER: śvetaprastaraviśeṣaḥ.

ALACK (inter.): ahaha: v. Alas.

ALACRITY:
     1 utsāhaḥ v. Zeal;
     2 autsukyam: v. Eagerness.

ALARM:
     I Alarm-cry: no equiv.: why don't you rouse your master by raising an a. kimityuccaiḥ śabdaṃ kṛtvā svāminaṃ na jāgarayasi, H. II. Terror, fright, consternation: q. v.:
     1 trāsaḥ;
     2 paritrāsaḥ;
     3 udvegaḥ.

ALARM (v. t.):
     1 udvejayati (c. of vij), summon Vasantasenā's mother without a. ing her vasantasenāmātaramanudvejayannāhvaya, Mr. ix.;
     2 ākulayati (nomi.) (=to fill with anxiety);
     3 trāsayati (c. of tras): v. To terrify.

ALARMED (adj.):
     1 udvignaḥ (gnā gnaṃ);
     2 ākulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Anxious
     3 trastaḥ (stā staṃ) (=terrified);
     4 vidhuraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare).

ALARMED, BE:
     1 udvijate (vij, c. 6);
     2 trasyati (tras, c. 4) v. To dread.

ALARM-BELL: *vidhuraghaṇṭā śatrorāgamanādisūcanāya yā ghaṇṭā vādyate.

ALARMING (adj.):
     1 udvegakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 trāsajananaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Dreadful.

ALARUM: *prabodhaghaṇṭā.

ALAS:
     1 ahaha, a. ! the buds of the tree of Rāvana's impolicy are as if scattered around ahaha ! rakṣapaterdurvinayaviṭapikorakāḥ paritaḥ prakīrṇā iva, Vi. vi.;
     2 hāhā, a. my Queen, my heart is bursting, my joints loosening hāhā devi ! sphuṭati hṛdayaṃ straṃ sate dehabandhaḥ, U. iii.;
     3 , a. what has befallen hā kimidamāpatitam, K.;
     4 hanta, a. you will be the first enemy of the man who never had an enemy hanta jātamajātāreḥ prathamena tvayāriṇā, Si. ii. 102.;
     5 bata a. when you hear what has befallen me mamādya vṛttāntamimaṃ batoditā, N. i. 139.

ALB: *kṛṣṭadharmapurohitaparihitaṃ śuklāprapadīnam.

ALBATROSS: *jālapādaḥ samudrapakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

ALBEIT: yadyapi: v. Although.

ALBINO: śvetakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

ALBUGO: śuklam; cakṣūrogaviśeṣaḥ.

ALBUM: photographic a. *ālekhyapustakam; a. for inserting quotations *vacananiveśaḥ.

ALBUMEN: Perh. śvetam (of eggs); majjā (in the scientific sense) (?)

ALCHEMIST:
     1 rasāyanavid (?);
     2 rasasiddhaḥ (?);
     3 rasajñaḥ (?)

ALCHEMY, ALCHYMY:
     1 rasāyanaṃ (?);
     2 rasasiddhiḥ (?);
     3 rasāyana-vidyā (?).

ALCOHOL: *madyasāraḥ; *surāvījam.

ALCOVE: garbhagṛhaṃ (?): v. Recess.

ALCYON: matsyaraṅgaḥ: v. Kingfisher.

ALDER: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

ALDERMAN: *laṇḍanādi-nagarasya meyaranāmnaḥ pradhānanāyakasya nimnastho'dhikāribhedaḥ; pauravṛddhaḥ.

ALE: yavasuraṃ: v. Beer. a. brewer: v. Brewer.

ALE-HOUSE: śauṇḍikālayaḥ Sa. v.; *yavasurāpaṇaḥ.

ALE-HOUSE-KEEPER: śauṇḍikaḥ (f. ); *yavasuravikrayin (f. ṇī).

ALEE: i. e. on or towards the lee: v. Lee.

ALEMBIC: bakaḥ (?); bakayantram.

ALERT: v. WakSful, vigilant; also nimble, brisk.

ALERTNESS: v. Briskness, wakSfulness, sprightliness.

ALEXANDRINE (subs): caturdaśākṣaraśchandoviśeṣaḥ.

ALGEBRA: vījagaṇitam; A. ist. vījagaṇitaviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ).

ALGEBRAIC, ALGEBRAICAL:
     1 by tat. comp.;
     2 *vījagaṇitaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ALIAS: Ph. Rama a. Rāmanānda *rāmaḥ yasya rāmānanda ityaparanāma.

ALIBI: Ph. the prisoner proved an a. *vandī sthānāntarasthitiṃ pratipādayāmāsa.

ALIEN (subs): videśin (f. ): v. Foreigner

ALIEN (adj.):
     I Not native videśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ)
     II Unconnected: q. v. aprāsaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ)
     III Adverse: q. v.: viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

ALIENABLE: *hastāntarīkaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); parairādeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

ALIENATE (v. t.):
     I Of property: hastāntaraṃ karoti or hastāntarīkaroti (?)
     II Of affection: Perh. vighaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ); viśleṣayati (c. of śilaṣ)

ALIENATION:
     I Of property: hastāntarīkaraṇam (?).
     II Of affection:
     1 vighaṭanam (?);
     2 viśleṣaṇam (?).
     III Of mind: unmādaḥ.

ALIGHT:
     I To get down; q. v.: ava-tarati (tṝ, c. 1).
     II To settle on (as bees): patati ni-, (pat, c. 1), the swan a. ed on the ground papāta bhūmau haṃsaḥ N. iii. 1.

ALIKE (adj.):
     1 sadṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ): v. Like, similar.

ALIKE (adv.): samaṃ: v. Equally, similarly.

ALIMENT: āhāraḥ v. Food, nourishment.

ALIMENTARY (adj.): v. Nourishing. The a. canal *āhāravāhinī.

ALIMONY: grāsācchādanam. K. b.

ALIVE:
     I Living: q. v.: jīvat (f. ntī).
     II Active, lively: q. v.

ALIVE, BE: jīvati, tell me, is my darling a. kathaya jīvati me priyā, Ma. ix.

ALKALI:
     1 kṣāraḥ;
     2 sarjjiḥ (?)

ALL (adj.)
     1 sarvaḥ: (rvā rvaṃ); all of them, enjoying a. pleasures at a. times, reached the pinnacle of happiness sarvaeva sarvakālaṃ sarvasukhānyabhanuvantaḥ parāṃ koṭimānandasyādhyagacchan, K.;
     2 sakalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 samastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     4 nikhilaḥ (lā laṃ), knowledge of a. characters, erudition in the languages of a. countries, attainments in a. the Shastras sakalalipiñjhānaṃ nikhiladeśīyamāṣāpāṇḍityaṃ samastaśāstracāturyam, D;
     5 akhilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     6 kṛtsnaḥ (snā snaṃ);
     7 samagraḥ (grā graṃ);
     8 samudāyaḥ affd., or the abode of a. essence of beauty saundaryasārasamudāryānaketanaṃ vā, Ma. ii. Ph. the Supreme Spirit is a. joy ānandamayaḥ paramātmā, S. i. 13.: v. Full of; by a. means, one ought not to do anything without consideration sarvathā avicāritaṃ karma na kartavyam H. i.; at a. events antataḥ; a. along pūrvāvadhi; a. around sarvataḥ.

ALL (subs): sarva; I want to hear a. about it sarva śrotumicchāmi. Ph.: a. I can yathāśakti; a. of a sudden sapadi; in a. sākalyena; does not breathe at. a. na manāgapyucchvasiti; K.; you are not kind at a. tvayi dayāleśo'pi na vidyate; a. you have to say is this *idameva or kevalamidameva tvayā vācyam...

ALL-CONQUERING:
     1 sarvajayin (f. );
     2 sarvadamanaḥ (nā naṃ).

ALL-DESTROYING:
     1 sarvadhvaṃsin (f. );
     2 sarvaṅkaṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ).

ALL-FORGIVING:
     1 sarvaṃsahaḥ or sarvasahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 sarvasahiṣṇu (mfn.)

ALL-GLORIOUS:
     1 sarvatejomayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 sarvapratāpavat (f. ).

ALL-KNOWING: sarvañjaḥ (ñjā ñjaṃ);
     2 sarvavid (mfn.).

ALL-PERVADING:
     1 sarvavyāpin (f. );
     2 sarvagataḥ (tā taṃ).

ALL-POWERFUL:
     1 sarvaśaktimat (f. );
     2 sarvaśaktisamanvitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ALL-SEEING:
     1 sarvadarśin (f. );
     2 sarvadraṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī).

ALL-WISE:
     1 sarvañjaḥ (ñjā ñjaṃ);
     2 sarvañjānamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

ALLAY (v. t.); śamayati pra-, (c. of śam), a. s the heat śamayati paritāpaṃ Sa. iv.: v. To appease, mitigate.

ALLEGATION:
     1 vacanam;
     2 uktiḥ v. Assertion, plea.

ALLEGE (v. t.):
     I To affirm, to assert: q. v.: prati-jānīte (jñā, c. 9).
     II To cite, quote.: q. v.: udā-harati (hṛ, c. 1).

ALLEGIANCE: bhaktiḥ, they took an oath of a. to Caesar *vayaṃ sijārathaktā iti śapathaṃ cakruḥ.

ALLEGORICAL: rūpakamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?): v. Figurative.

ALLEGORICALLY: Expr. by the adj.

ALLEGORIZE:
     I To turn into allegory: *rūpakakrameṇa varṇayati (varṇa, c. 10)
     II To interpret allegorically: *rūpakārthaṃ saṃ-yojayati (c. of. yuj).

ALLEVIATE (v. t.):
     1 śamayati pra-, (c. of śam):
     2 laghayati (nomi.): v. To mitigate.

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ALLEVIATION:
     I Mitigation: q. v.: upaśamaḥ
     II Extenuation: q. v.

ALLEY (subs): A walk in a garden:
     1 udvānapathaḥ;
     2 udyānavartman (n);
     3 vīthiḥ v. Avenue.
     II A narrow passage: saṅkīrṇapathaḥ.

ALLIANCE: A union between states: sandhiḥ; offensive and defensive a. parasparopakārasandhiḥ, H. iv.: v. Treaty, league.
     II Union arising from marriage: sambandhaḥ matrimonial a. vaivāhikaḥ sambandhaḥ.

ALLIGATOR:
     1 nakraḥ;
     2 kumbhīraḥ.

ALLITERATION: anuprāsaḥ.

ALLOCUTION: v. Address.

ALLODIAL: Ph. a. land niṣkarabhūmiḥ (?). a. land belonging to a Brahmin brahmottaraḥ (?).

ALLODIUM: i. e. freehold estate: v. Freehold.

ALLOT (v. t.):
     I Distribute: q. v. vi-bhajati (bhaj, c. 1)
     II To grant, assign: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3).

ALLOTMENT:
     I The act of allotting:
     1 vimāgaḥ;
     2 vimajanam.
     II That which is allotted: aṃśaḥ v. Share.

ALLOW (v. t.):
     I To concede, permit:
     1 anu-manyate (man, c. 4), if you a. me space in (your) flower-bed yadi kusumāstaraṇe'vakāśamanumanyase, Sa. iii.;
     2 anu-medate (mud, c. 1), now none is a. ed egress or ingress without a pass idānīṃ na kopyamudrālāñchito niṣkramituṃ praveṣṭuṃvānumodyate, M. v.;
     3 anu-jānāmi (jñā, c. 9) v. To permit.
     II To grant, bestow: q. v. dadāti (, c. 3).
     III To acknowledge: q. v. svīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8).

ALLOWABLE: v. Lawful, permissible. Not a.: v. Forbidden.

ALLOWANCE:
     I Acknowledgment: q. v.: svīkāraḥ.
     II Permission: q. v.: anujñā.
     III That which is allowed: no equiv.: vṛttiḥ, of the Pandits enjoying my a. s. maddattāṃ vṛttiṃ bhuñjānānāṃ paṇḍitānāṃ, P.

ALLOWANCE, make: vigaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10), making a. for the temptations of youth *yauvanasya pralobhanāni vigaṇayya: v. To consider.

ALLOY (v. t.): miśrayati (miśr, c. 10): v. To mix: Ph., a. ed with pain duḥkhopasṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), D. s.; being a. ed with pain duḥkhasaṃbhinnatayā, D. s.

ALLOY (subs.):
     I Any compound of two or more metals: miśradhātuḥ.
     II Evil mixed with good: Ph. enjoyed pleasures without a. *avimiśritāni sukhānyanubabhṛva.

ALLUDE:
     1 uddiśya or lakṣīkṛtya vadati abhidhatte, etc. (in speaking);
     2 lakṣīkaroti (=to point, refer); what ! this alludes to me kathamiyaṃ kathā māmeva lakṣīkaroti, Sa. vii. Ph. this mythological story is here a. d to (?) --iti paurāṇikī kathātrānusandheyā, M. n.

ALLURE (v. t.):
     1 ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.), men are a. d by these sweet (but) false words ābhistāvanmadhurābhiranṛtavāgmirākṛṣyante viṣayiṇaḥ, Sa. v.;
     2 harati (hṛ, c. 1.): even an old man like myself is, as a rule, a. d by pleasures hriyate viṣayaiḥ prāyo varṣīyānapi mādṛśaḥ, Ki. xi. 10.;
     3 pralobhayati, (c. of lubh) v. To tempt.

ALLUREMENT: pralobhanam: v. Temptation, enticement.

ALLURING (adj.):
     1 hārin (f. ṇī);
     2 pralobhakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 ākarṣakaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare).

ALLUSION: Ph. his a. to my poverty *mama dāridrpaṃ lakṣīkṛtya sa yaduvāca; there is not the least a. of Krishna in the Rig Veda *ṛgvede kṛṣṇasyābhāso'pi na lakṣyate v. To allude.

ALLUVIAL: Ph. a. accretion *payovastabhūmiḥ.

ALLY (subs): mitram, M.

ALLY (v. t.)
     I To unite or connect: sambandhaṃ karoti saṃbadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.)
     II To form an alliance with (between states).: sandhiṃ karoti or saṃdadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

ALMANAC: pañjikā; a. maker pañjikākāraḥ (?)

ALMIGHTINESS:
     1 sarvaśaktimattvam;
     2 sarvaśaktitvam.

ALMIGHTY:
     1 sarvaśaktimat (f. );
     2 sarvaśakti (mfn.);
     3 sarvaśaktisamanvitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ALMOND: vādāmam. Bitter a. tiktavādāmam. A. tree vādāmavṛkṣaḥ.

ALMONER: *bhikṣāvitaraṇakārī.

ALMOST:
     1 prāyaḥ (yā yaṃ), it is a. morning now prabhātaprāyā rajanī, Sa. iv;
     2 kalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), a. well prasannakalpaḥ, D. ii.; a. undertaken pratipannakalpam. Ku. iii. 14;
     3 bhūyiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ), a. extinguished nirvāṇabhūyiṣṭham, Ku. iii. 52. N. B. Note that these words are placed after adjectives or part. adj. s and that, therefore, when in Englsh a. qualifies verbs, it should be expressed in Sanskrit by corresp. part. adj. s: when I had a. finished *avasitaprāye mama vākye.

ALMS:
     1 bhikṣā;
     2 bhaikṣam. To beg a. bhikṣate (bhikṣ, c. 1).

ALMS-GIVING:
     1 dānadharmaḥ;
     2 bhikṣādānam.

ALMS-HOUSE:
     1 daridraśālā (?);
     2 anāthāśramaḥ. (?).

ALOE: ghṛtakumārī. a. wood. aguruḥ.

ALOFT:
     I On high: ūrdhvam.
     II In the air:
     1 vihāyasā;
     2 ākāśapathena.

ALONE (adj.)
     I Without anybody else: ekākin (f. ), he could not remain a. even for a moment without him nimiṣamapi tena vinā sthātumekākī na śaśāka, K. v. Solitary.
     II One out of many: ekaḥ (kā kaṃ) (with eva or kevalam), let Bhāgurāyana a. accompany me bhāgurāyaṇa eka eva māmanugacchatu, Mu. iv.; let my intellect a. remain with me ekā kevalam.....buddhistu mā gānmama, Mu. i.
     III By itself: kevalaḥ (lā laṃ), policy a. is cowardice kātaryaṃ kevalā nītiḥ R. xvii. 47. Ph. let imperiality be a. āstāñcakravartitā, D. viii.: v. To let alone.

ALONG (prep.): anu, (in comp. or with acc.), a. the bank anukaccham; flows a. the city of Oudh vahatyayodhyāmanu rājadhānīm, R. A. with: saha (with ins.): v. With. A. side pārśvataḥ. All a. prathamāvadhi. A. of: v. On account of.

ALONG (adv.): v. Onward, forward.

ALOUD:
     1 uccaiḥ or uccaiḥsvareṇa (with a loud voice);
     2 muktakaṇṭham (with loosened throat);
     3 prakāśam (openly). To call a.: śabdāyate (nomi.).

ALPHABET: varṇamālā. a. ically:
     1 varṇakrameṇa;
     2 varṇānusāreṇa.

ALREADY:
     1 prāgeva;
     2 pūrvameva. Sometimes by sim. eva: he is a. come sa āgata eva; the sun is already up udita eva bhāskaraḥ.

ALSO: api; Chandrāpida a. entered into thoughts candrāpīḍo'pi cintāṃ viveśa, K.; not only he who speaks ill of the great but a. he who hears na kevalaṃ yo mahato'pabhāṣane śṛṇoti tasmādapi yaḥ sa Ku. v. 53.

ALTAR (subs.):
     1 vediḥ;
     2 caityam.

ALTER (v. t.):
     1 karoti (kṛ, c. 8.) (when the sense is clear): he concluded that the merchant had a. ed the R into S. rephe sakāraṃ vaṇijā kāritaṃ niścikāya saḥ, Raj.;
     2 By means of anyaḥ (nyā nyat), bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) etc.: as if you are a. ed in appearance tvamanyamākāramivābhipannaḥ, Ki., iii. 46.;
     3 parivartayati (c. of vṛt). c. l.)v. To change.

ALTER (v. i.): parivartate (vṛt, c. 1.) v. To change, vary.

ALTERABLE (adj.): parivartanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) v. Changeable.

ALTERATION:
     1 parivṛttiḥ;
     2 pariṇāmaḥ;
     3 vipākaḥ;
     4 vikāraḥ. N. B. The last three words refer to change in form etc. v. Change.

ALTERCATE (v. i.):
     1 kalahāyate (nomi);
     2 vi-vadate (vad, c. 1.) v. To wrangle.

ALTERCATION:
     1 kalahaḥ;
     2 vivādaḥ. v. Quarrel, wrangling.

ALTERNATE (adj.): Comp. with paryāya-; with a. victory and defeat paryāyajayāvasādāṃ, Ki. xvii. 18.; a. angles *paryāyakoṇau (m. dual); a. leaves *paryāyadalāni (n. pl.).

ALTERNATE (v. i.): Ph. the flood and ebb tides a. with each other *paryāyeṇa velānāṃ vṛddhikṣayau bhavataḥ or velānāṃ paryāyavṛddhikṣayau.

ALTERNATE (v. t.): Ph. to a. labour with repose *paryāyeṇa śramaviśrāmau karoti.

ALTERNATELY: paryāyeṇa anukrameṇa (=in regular order).

ALTERNATION:
     1 paryāyakramaḥ;
     2 paryāyavṛttiḥ;
     3 parivṛttiḥ. (=change: q. v.)

ALTERNATIVE:
     1 vikalpaḥ;
     2 pākṣikaḥ Ph.: which a. shall
     I choose 'be a deserter of my wife' or 'be polluted with the touch of another's wife' dāratyāgī bhavāmyāho parastrīsparśapāṃśulaḥ, Sa. v.

ALTHOUGH:
     1 api: we remember that Vidura and others a. born Sudras were possessed of superior knowledge viduraprabhṛtayaḥ śūdrayoniprabhavā apiviśiṣṭavijñānasampannāḥ smaryante, S. iii. 34. She will surely move a. she may be in a painting, will practise jugglery a. she may consist of a doll, will deceive a. she may be engraved niyatamiyamālekhyagatāpi calati pustamayyapīndrajālamācarati utkīrṇāpi vipralabhate, K.;
     2 yadyapi, a. we cannot extirpate pain, still we can put it down, yadyapi na sannirūdhyate duḥkhaṃ tathāpi tadabhibhavaḥ śakyaḥ kartum, T.

ALTITUDE: ucchrāyaḥ v. Height.

ALTOGETHER:
     I Wholly, completely,: q. v.:
     1 sarvathā;
     2 aśeṣataḥ
     II Conjointly: q. v.: samam.

ALUM:
     1 sphaṭī (f.);
     2 sphaṭikāriḥ.

ALWAYS:
     I Perpetually, constantly: q. v.:
     1 sadā;
     2 sarvadā;
     3 satatam;
     4 sarvakālam;
     5 aniśam.
     II Invariably: q. v.: niyatam.

AMAIN:
     1 prasabham;
     2 prasahya;
     3 balāt.

AMALGAM: miśradhātuḥ (?)

AMALGAMATE: miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.): v. To mix, combine.

AMALGAMATION: miśraṇam v. Mixture, combination.

AMANUENSIS: lekhakaḥ; yo'nyasya bhāṣitānusāreṇa likhati.

AMARANTH:
     I The plant: amlānaḥ.
     II The flower: amlānapuṣpam etc.

AMASS (v. t.):
     1 saṃ-cinoti (ci, c. 5.);
     2 saṃ-marati (bhṛ, c. 1): v. To accumulate.

AMATEUR: yaḥ (yā yaṃ) ātmavinodanārthaṃ saṅgītādikalāṃ sevate.

AMATORY (adj.):
     1 rasikaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 śṛṅgārarasapradhānaḥ (nā naṃ) (such as a. verses);
     3 premakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (=producing love, such as a. potions);
     4 kāmin (f. ). v. Amorous.

AMAZE (v. t.): vismāyayati (c. of smi): v. To astonish.

AMAZED (adj.): vismayākulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Astonished.

AMAZEDLY (adv.):
     1 savismayam:
     2 vismayena;
     3 By the adj.

AMAZEMENT: vismayaḥ: v. Astonishment.

AMAZING (adj.): vismayakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Astonishing.

AMAZINGLY: expr. by the adj.: v. Amazing v. Also excessively.

AMAZON: *pahminī; raṇapriyā.

AMBASSADOR:
     1 dūtaḥ,
     2 rājadūtaḥ. Ph. the English a. at Berlin *vārlinasya iṃlaṇḍīyarājadūtaḥ or iṃlaṇḍīyarājamantrī.

AMBASSAGE:
     1 dautyam;
     2 rājadautyam;
     3 dūtyaṃ: v. Ambassador.

AMBER (subs):
     1 tailasphaṭikaḥ;
     2 tṛṇamaṇiḥ.

AMBERGIES: ambaram (?)

AMBIENT: (adj.):
     1 vyāpakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 pariveṣṭakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. To encompass.

AMBIGUITY:
     1 sandehaḥ;
     2 sandigdhatā;
     3 sandigdhāryatā.

AMBIGUOUS
     1 sandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ);
     2 sandigghārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ). Ph. it is a. here whether the word vandyāṃ means 'captive' or 'adorable' atravandyāmiti kiṃ vandībhūtāyāmuta vandanīyamiti sandehaḥ Sah.

AMBIGUOUSLY: expr. by the adj.: Ph. you have spoken a. *sandigdhaṃ tava bhāṣitam.

AMBIT:
     1 maṇḍalam;
     2 cakram: v. Circuit, compass.

AMBITION:
     1 spṛhā;
     2 ākāṅkṣā;
     3 yaśolipsā (for fame);
     4 rājyalobhaḥ (for royalty);
     5 gauravalālasā (for esteem);
     6 and sim. com. s.

AMBITIOUS:
     1 yaśaskāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (for fame);
     2 uccapadābhilāṣin (f. ṇī) (for high post) etc. v. Desirous of, eager. Ph. a. for your post padakāṃkṣiṇā te Ku. iii. 4.

AMBLE (subs)
     1 dhauritakam;
     2 dhoritam.

AMBLE (v.):
     1 Perh. dhorati (dhor, c. 1);
     2 dhoritagatyā calati.

AMBLER: dhauritaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?)

AMBROSIA: amṛtam: v. Nectar.

AMBULATORY: cariṣṇu (Mfn.): v. Movable.

AMBUSCADE, AMBUSH:
     I The place: parābhiyogāya nibhṛtāvasthānam.
     II The men: parābhiyogāya nibhṛtasthāpitasainyam. to lie in a.: nibhṛtaṃ tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1)

AMELIORATE, AMELIORATION: v. To improve, improvement.

AMEN: o or ābh. In non-ecclesiastical sense: tathāstu; evamastu.

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AMENABLE:
     I Submissive, compliant: q. v.: anuvidhāyin (f. ).
     II Accountable to: Ph. a. to our government *asmākaṃ śāsanāyattāḥ.

AMEND (v. i.): śudhyati (śudh c. 4): v. To mend, improve.

AMEND (v. t.): śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To correct, improve.

AMENDMENT:
     I Correction, improvement: q. v.: śodhanam.
     II A secondary resolution in a bill or motion: *śodhanam.

AMENDS: v. Compensation, satisfaction. To make a.; v. To recompense, atone for

AMENITY:
     1 ramyatā;
     2 manoñjatā: v. Agreeableness.

AMERCE: daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10) (with double acc.): v. To fine.

AMERCEMENT:
     1 daṇḍaḥ;
     2 arthadaṇḍaḥ (=fine, q. v.).

AMETHYST: ānīlaḥ maṇiviśeṣaḥ.

AMIABILITY: manoñjatā;
     2 ramaṇīyatā;
     3 suśīlatā, (good behaviour);
     4 priyambhāvukatā (rare).

AMIABLE:
     1 suśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (=of good behaviour);
     2 premārhvaḥ (rhā rhaṃ) (=deserving of affection);
     3 ramyaḥ (myā myaṃ) (=pleasant, agreeable)

AMIABLY: prītyā: v. lovingly, affectionately.

AMICABLE: maitraḥ (trī traṃ): v. Friendly, kind.

AMID, AMIDST:
     1 madhye (with gen.), a. four fires havirbhujāṃ caturṇāṃ madhye, K. xiii. 41.;
     2 by adj. s madhyagataḥ (tā taṃ), etc. Ku. v. 20.

AMISS (adv.): expr. by the adj. s:
     1 ayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 sāparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) etc.: v. Wrong.

AMITY: maitrī: v. Peace, friendship.

AMMONIA: niśādalaḥ.

AMMONIAC: niryāsaprabhedaḥ.

AMMUNITION: yuddhopakaraṇam: (now=gunpowder, shot) q. v.

AMNESTY: kṣamā (=pardon, the meaning determined by the context).

AMONG:
     I Amidst: q. v.: madhye (with gen.).
     II Making part of a number of:
     1 madhye (with gen.), a. his very many sons atiprabhūtānāṃ sutānāṃ madhye, K.;
     2 by loc., Rambhā a. women and Rāma a. kings nārīṣu rambhā nṛpatiṣu rāmaḥ.

AMOROUS:
     I Prone to love:
     1 kāmin (f. rnā);
     2 kāmukaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 premaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II In love: v. Enamoured.
     III Pertaining to love: kāma- (in comp.): v. Amatory.

AMOROUSLY:
     1 sānurāgam: v. Affectionately;
     2 sakāmam.

AMOUNT (subs): v. Sum.

AMOUNT (v. i.) Ph. a. ing to a lac lakṣyasaṃkhyakaḥ (kā kaṃ); these races together a. to fourteen etānyekatra caturdaśakulāni, K.; ascertain what the balance a. s to *kiyadavaśiṣṭamiti parijñāyatām; your argument a. s to this *etadabhiprāyakaste tarkaḥ.

AMOUR: praṇayaḥ (=love), secret a. guptapraṇayaḥ (?).

AMPHIBIOUS: bhūjalacaraḥ (rā raṃ) (?); pādin (f. ). Sr.

AMPHITHEATRE:
     1 raṅgaḥ;
     2 raṅgabhūmiḥ.

AMPLE:
     I Specious: q. v.: viśālaḥ (lā laṃ)
     II Abundant, copious: q. v. pracuraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Not brief: vistṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

AMPLENESS:
     I Spaciousness: q. v.: viśālatā.
     II Abundance: q. v.: prācuryam.

AMPLIFICATION:
     I Enlargement: q. v.
     II Of speech: vistaraḥ or vistāraḥ.

AMPLIFY: vistarataḥ or vistāreṇa varṇayati upa-, (varṇ, c. 1): v. To enlarge.

AMPLITUDE I. Extent: q. v.: vistāraḥ.
     II Greatness: q. v.: mahattvam.

AMPLY: pracuram: v. Abundantly, sufficiently, fully.

AMPUTATE: chinatti (chid, c. 7): v. To cut off.

AMPUTATION: aṅgacchedaḥ or sim. chedaḥ (when the meaning is clear).

AMULET:
     1 rakṣākāṇḍaḥ; Sa. vii.;
     2 kavaca (mn.).

AMUSE:
     I To entertain the mind agreeably:
     1 vi-nodayati (c. of nud), how shall I a. myself kenedānīmātmānaṃ vinodayāmi, V. ii.;
     2 rañjayati (c. of rañj), the prince was very much a. ed by his long description of his past valour, beauty and fortune atītasvaśauryarūpavibhavavarṇanāvācālena tena sutarāmarajyata rājaputraḥ, K. II. To delude: q. v.: chalayati (nomi.).

AMUSED, BE:
     1 rajyate;
     2 vinudyate (pass).

AMUSEMENT:
     1 vinodaḥ;
     2 vinodanam: v. Diversion, entertainment.

PASTIME. To afford a.:
     1 rañjayati
     2 prīṇayati (c. of prī).

AMUSER: vinodayitṛ (m.): v. To amuse.

AMUSING (part. adj.): vinodin (f. ): v. Pleasing.

AN: v. A.

ANABAPTISM: *yauvanamajjanavāditvam: v. Anabaptist.

ANABAPTIST: *yauvanamajjanavādin (m.) kṛṣṭadharmānu yāyiṃnāṃ madhye ye yauvane jalamajjanotsavamanuśāsati.

ANACHRONISM: kālagaṇanābhramaḥ (?).

ANAGRAM: *akṣaraviparyāsaḥ; śabdasyākṣarāṇāṃ bhinnasamāveśenānyaśabdakalpanam.

ANALOGICAL: Ph. a. argument upamānam.

ANALOGICALLY: sādṛśyāt; sādṛśyatas; tulyarūpatayā.

ANALOGOUS:
     1 sadṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ);
     3 tulyarūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

ANALOGY: sādṛśyam: v. Resemblance, similarity.

ANALYSIS:
     I Philo. t. t.: no equiv.: *viśleṣaḥ.
     II Synopsis: q. v.

ANALYTIC, ANALYTICAL: *viśleṣakaḥ (f. ṣikā, n. pakaṃ).

ANALYZE (v. t.): *vi-śleṣayati (c. of śilaṣ); viśleṣya parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1).

ANARCHICAL (adj.):
     1 arājakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (without a king);
     2 viplutaḥ (tā taṃ) ( =turbulent);
     3 *viplavakārin (f. ṇī) (=anarchist).

ANARCHIST: *rājyaviplavakārin (f. ṇī).

ANARCHY:
     1 rājyaviplavaḥ;
     2 prajāviplavaḥ, Vi. iii.

ANATHEMA:
     1 śāpaḥ (?);
     2 abhiśāpaḥ (?) v. Curse, excommunication.

ANATHEMATIZE: śapati abhi-, (śap, c. 1): v. To curse, excommunicate.

ANATOMICAL:
     1 vyavacchedavidyāviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 by tat. comp.

ANATOMIST: *vyavacchedavidyāviśāradaḥ or. -kuśalaḥ.

ANATOMIZE: vyavacchinatti (chid, c. 7): v. To dissect.

ANATOMY: *vyavacchedavidyā.

ANGESTOR: pūrvapuruṣaḥ, In. pl.:
     1 pūrvapuruṣaḥ;
     2 pūrvajāḥ;
     3 pitaraḥ;
     4 pūrve, I have excelled my c. s pūrve tiraskāritāḥ, Vi. v.

ANCESTRAL: pitṛpaitāmahaḥ (hī haṃ) P. v. Paternal.

ANCESTRY:
     I Ancestors: q. v.
     II Birth, or honourable descent:
     1 anvayaḥ;
     2 vaṃśaḥ. Ph.: of good or noble a.:
     1 abhijātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 abhijanavat (f. ) Sa. iv.

ANCHOR (subs): naubandhanalauhayantrabhedaḥ; *laṅagaram. Ph. the arms of an a., *laṅgaradantāḥ (m. pl.): the eye of an a. *laṅgaracchidrama; to cast a. *laṅgaraṃ prakṣipati; to weigh a. laṅgaram uttolayati (tul, c. 10.)

ANCHOR (v.): laṅgaraṃ prakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (with gen.) a. ed off Benares *upavārāṇasi laṅgaraṃ pracikṣepa, or laṅgareṇa nāvaṃ babandha.

ANCHORAGE:
     I The place: *laṅgarasthānam.
     II The duty: *laṅgaraśulkam.

ANCHORITE:
     1 yatiḥ;
     2 sannpāsin (m). v. Hermit.

ANCHOVY: *heriṃjātīyaḥ kṣudramatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

ANCIENT (adj.):
     1 purāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 purātanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     3 prācīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     4 cirantanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     5 prākkālīnaḥ (nī naṃ);
     6 pūrvakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ):
     7 prākkālīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Old.

ANCIENT (subs):
     I Flag: q. v.: patākā.
     II An ensign: q. v.: patākin (f. )

ANCIENTLY:
     1 pūrvakāle;
     2 purā. v. Formerly.

ANCIENT, THE:
     1 vṛddhā (m. pl.), U. v.;
     2 cirantanāḥ (m. pl.), S.: v. Antiquity.

ANCILLARY: v. Supplemental.

AND:
     I In case of subs. and adj. s: (a) by dva. comp.: summer a. spring grīṣmavasantau; father a. mother mātāpitarau; or, sim. pitarau [so brother a. sister bhrārarau; son a. daughter putrau; father-inlaw a. mother-in-law śvaśurau]; with his superior birth, asceticism, erudition, valour a. deeds amijanatapovidyākriyātiśayairnijaiḥ, Vi. ii.; exhausted, tremulous, and (therefore) pleasant alasalalitamugdhāni, U. i.;
     6 by ca (enclitic): fresh youth, incomparable beauty, a. superhuman prowess abhinavayauvanatvamapratimarūpatvamamānuṣaśaktitvaṃ ca, K. II. In case of numerals:
     1 By a comp. with adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ), or uttaraḥ (rā raṃ): one hundred a. two dvadhikaṃ śataṃ or sim., dvavādhikaśataṃ: three thousand a. sixty-eight aṣṭaṣaṣṭayu ttaratrisahasraṃ;
     2 By a comp. with sa-: after a reign of 18 years a. thirteen days so'ṣṭādaśābdān kṣamāṃ bhuktvā satrayodaśavāsarān, Raj.;
     3 by ca (very rare), Vi.
     III In case of verbs, generally by participles: go a. speak this to the minister gatvaivamamātyaṃ brū hi, Sa. vi.; then he alighted (from the horse) a. tied it up to a. branch of a tree, a. then approached a. saluted Siva a. then again gazed on the same lady tato'vatīrya taruśākhāyāṃ baddhvā turagamupasṛtya praṇamya trilocanāya tāmeva yoṣitaṃ cakṣuṣā punarnirūpayāmāsa, K. v. (iv).
     IV In connecting sentences:
     1 By ca (never at the beginning): (these remembrances) burn my body a. rend my heart dehaṃ dahanti hṛdayaṃ ca vidārayanti; Ma. x.;
     2 Sometimes ca is omited: behave so that you will not be laughed at by men, will not be censured by the good, will not be reviled by the seniors tathā prayatethāḥ yathā nopahasyase janaiḥ na nindāse sādhubhiḥ na dhikkriyase gurūbhiḥ, K. V. In Interrogation, generally by (enclitic): who is he, whose son, a. what is his name ? ko'sau kasya vāpatyaṃ kimabhidhāno vā? K.; O. fair lady, who are you, whose spouse, a. what is your object for coming to me ? kā tvaṃ śubhe kasya parigraho vā kiṃ vā madabhyāgamanakāraṇaṃ te, R. xiv. 8.

AND THEN: denoting immediate sequence:
     1 tadanu in childhood a. then again in youth śaiśave tadanu yauvane punaḥ U. i.;
     2 tataḥ, a. then allowed his son to go tato'nujñe gamanaṃ sutasya B. i. 23.;
     3 tadanu ca (very rare), Vi. ii. v. and (III).

AND YET: tathāpi: v. YET.

ANDROGYNAL, ANDROGYNOUS (adj.): v. Hermaphrodite.

ANECDOTE:
     1 kathā;
     2 upākhyānam: v. Story

ANEURISM: Perh. nāḍībraṇam.

ANEW:
     1 punar;
     2 punarapi: v. Again.

ANGEL:
     I Lit.: devadūtaḥ; gandharvaḥ.
     II Fig: as a term of endearment:
     1 priyatamā;
     2 preyasīḥ v. Love, darling.

ANGEL, ANGELIC (adj.):
     I Belonging to angels: by tat. comp.
     II Resembling angels:
     1 divyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ);
     2 amānuṣaḥ (ṣī saṃ).

ANGER (subs):
     1 krodhaḥ;
     2 kopaḥ, to give way to a. kopavaśaṃ gacchati, V. iv.; restraining his a. kopaṃ nigṛhgan, B. xii. 81.;
     3 roṣaḥ;
     4 amarṣaḥ, void of a. amarṣaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), Ki. i. 33.;
     5 manyuḥ deeprooted a. possessed (him) manyurabhajadavagādataraḥ, Si. xv. 2.;
     6 saṃrambhaḥ;
     7 rūṣ, (f.);
     8 krudh (f.);
     9 rūṣā.

ANGER (v. t.):
     1 kopayati (c. of kup);
     2 krodhaṃ manyu karoti (with gen.)

ANGLE (subs): (I) koṇaḥ;
     2 asnaḥ. Right a. samakoṇaḥ; obtuse a. *viṣamakoṇaḥ; acute a. samonakoṇaḥ sūkṣmakoṇaḥ; alternate a. viparyastakoṇaḥ.

ANGLE (v).:
     1 Perh. vaḍiśayati (nomi.);
     2 vaḍiśena matsyān vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.), or gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

ANGLER:
     I One who angles matsyavedhakaḥ v. fisherman.
     II A species of fish: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

ANGLICISM: *iṃrejabhāṣārītiḥ.

ANGLICIZE (v. t.): *iṃrejayati (nomi.).

ANGLING (subs).: vaḍiśena matsyabandhanam, or matsyadhāraṇam.

ANGLING-ROD: Perh. vaḍiśadaṇḍam.

ANGRILY:
     1 sakopam;
     2 sakrodham;
     3 saroṣam;
     4 sāmarṣam.

ANGRY:
     1 kruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ);
     2 kupitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Enraged.

ANGRY, BE OR GET:
     1 krudhyati (krudh, c. 4.);
     2 kuṣyati (kup, c. 4.);
     3 rūṣyati (rūṣ, c. 4.) N. B. These verbs are const. with dat. or with prati and acc.: a. with the king of Chedi kruddhasya caidyaṃ prati Si. i. 75.

ANGUISH:
     1 manastāpaḥ (a. of mind);
     2 yātanā ( =bodily pain): v. Agony.

ANGULAR:
     1 koṇaviśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?);
     2 sāsnaḥ (snā snaṃ) (?).

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ANIMADVERSION: upālambhaḥ: v. Reproof, censure.

ANIMADVERT (v. i.): v. To observe, remark, censure.

ANIMAL:
     I Any living creature:
     1 prāṇin (m);
     2 jīvaḥ;
     3 cetanaḥ. (=a rational a.) ;
     4 jantuḥ (usually applied to lower a. s only);
     5 janmin (m);
     6 janmavat (m.) II. A beast: q. v.:
     1 bhṛgaḥ;
     2 paśuḥ.

ANIMAL (adj.): Expr. by gen. of above: Ph. a. food āmiṣam: v. Or meat; a. pleasures viṣayāḥ or viṣayasukhāni (pl.): a. passions indriyāṇi (n. pl.) (lit. organs of sense), or, kāmādayaḥ ṣaḍripavaḥ; the a. kingdom *jīvasṛṣṭiḥ nikhilaprāṇivargaḥ

ANIMALCULE (subs):
     1 sūkṣmajīvaḥ;
     2 atikṣudrajantuḥ.

ANIMATE: (v. t.):
     I To give life to:
     1 jīvayati (c. of jīv);
     2 jīvaṃ sañcārayati (c. of car), P. II. FIG.: To encourage, incite q. v.:
     1 āśvāsayati (c. of śvas);
     2 protsāhayati (c. of sah).

ANIMATE, ANIMATED (adj.):
     I Alive: sajīvaḥ (vā vaṃ): Ph. a. being
     1 jīvaḥ;
     2 prāṇī.
     II Lively, vigorous: q. v.:
     1 praphullaḥ (llā llaṃ);
     2 ullasaḥ (sā saṃ).

ANIMATION:
     I Bestowal of life:
     1 jīvanadānam;
     2 jīvasañcāraḥ.
     II life: q. v.: jīvanam.
     III liveliness, vivacity: q. v.
     1 praphullatā;
     2 ullāsaḥ.

ANIMOSITY:
     1 dveṣaḥ;
     2 vidveṣaḥ;
     3 vairam;
     4 virodhaḥ.

ANISE:
     1 atichatrā,
     2 chatrā.

ANKLE:
     1 gulpha (mn.);
     2 ghuṭikā;
     3 ghuṭiḥ.

ANKLET:
     1 nūpuram;
     2 pādāṅgadam;
     3 tulākoṭiḥ;
     4 mañjīram.

ANNALIST:
     1 ākhyānavid; Vi. (?);
     2 ākhyānaracakaḥ (?).

ANNALS:
     1 ākhyānacayaḥ (?);
     2 itihāsaḥ (?);
     3 *vārṣikavṛttāni.

ANNATS:
     1 prathamavarṣaphalāni (n. pl.) (?).

ANNEAL:
     1 *pratapati (tap, c. 1.)

ANNEX:
     I To subjoin: Ph. I. a. a list of articles for sale *lekhānte vikreyadravyāṇi nirdiṣṭāni.
     II To unite: saṃ-yojayati (c. of yuj).

ANNEXATION:
     1 saṃyojanam;
     2 saṃyogaḥ: v. Union.

ANNIHILATE:
     1 ut-chinatti samut- (chid, c. 7.);
     2 unmūlayati (mūl, c. 10):
     3 ut-sādayati (c. of sad);
     4 pra-lāyayati (c. of );
     5 vilopayati (c. of lup): v. To destroy.

ANNIHILATION:
     1 ucchedaḥ samucchedaḥ;
     2 lopaḥ vilopaḥ;
     3 kṣayaḥ;
     4 pralayaḥ (rare, except with reference to the a. of the world): v. Destruction.

ANNIVERSARY:
     1 vārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sāṃvatsarikaḥ (kī kaṃ). The a. of Krishna's birth janmāṣṭamī; the a. of Rāma's birth rāmanavamī.

ANNOTATE:
     1 ṭīkāṃ karoti likhati or racayati (with gen.);
     2 vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To explain.

ANNOTATION:
     1 ṭīkā;
     2 ṭippanī;
     3 vyākhyā.

ANNOUNCE:
     1 ghoṣayati (ghuṣ, c. 10.): v. To proclaim;
     2 vi-jñāpayati (c. of jñā): v. To inform;
     3 pra-kāśayati sanni-, (c. of kāś) Ki. xiii. 35;
     4 abhi-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3), the drum a. ed the departure (of the nymphs) prasthānaṃ samabhidadhe mṛdaṃganādaḥ, Ki. vii.
     I v. To speak;
     5 ākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), to a. this to the king of Nishādha ākhyātuṃ vṛttametanniṣadhanarapatau, N. iii. 132. v. To tell.

ANNOUNCEMENT:
     1 khyāpanam;
     2 viñjāpanam: v. Proclamation, publication.

ANNOUNCER: ākhyāpakaḥ;
     2 viñjāpakaḥ;
     3 prakāśakaḥ.

ANNOY:
     1 bādhate (bādh, c. 1.);
     2 dunoti (du, c. 5.);
     3 ardati (ard, c. 1.).

ANNOYANCE:
     1 bādhā;
     2 viṅmbanā;
     3 duḥkhaṃ. v. Trouble, vexation.

ANNOYER:
     1 bādhakaḥ;
     2 viḍmbakaḥ;
     3 kadaryakaḥ.

ANNOYING (adj.) v. Troublesome, vexatious.

ANNUAL (adj.):
     1 vārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sāṃvatsarikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 ābdikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

ANNUAL (subs):
     I An a. plant: oṣadhiḥ.
     II A book appearing a. ly *vārṣikam or *vārṣikapustakam.

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ANNUALLY:
     1 varṣe varṣe;
     2 prativarṣam;
     3 prativatsaram; etc.

ANNUITANT *vārṣikavṛttibhogin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

ANNUITY: *vārṣikavṛttiḥ And sim. comp. s.

ANNUL lumpati ava- vi-, (lup, c. 6.) (?).

ANNULAR:
     1 maṇḍalākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 golākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 valayākāraḥ (rā raṃ).

ANNULMENT: lopaḥ vi- ava-, (?).

ANNUNCIATION:
     1 khyāpanam;
     2 viñjāpanam;
     3 prakāśanam.

ANODYNE:
     1 śūlaghnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ);
     2 pīḍāśamakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

ANOINT:
     I To besmear; q. v.:
     1 limpati (lip, c. 6.), as if a. ing, as if filling my sense of smell, anulimpantamiva pūrayantamiva ghrāṇondriyam, K.;
     2 anakti abhi-, (añj, c. 7.), Sa. v.;
     3 digdhe (dih c. 2.) a. ed with nectar as well as poison digdho'mṛtena ca viṣeṇa ca, Ma. 1.;
     4 samālabhate (labh, c. 1.), I will prepare auspicious ointments maṅgalasamālambhaṃ viracayāmi, Sa. iv.
     II To consecrate by unction: abhiṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.), B. iii. 2.

ANOINTER: vilepakaḥ: v. To anoint.

ANOINTING (subs):
     1 vilepanam;
     2 abhyañjanam;
     3 samālambhaḥ;
     4 abhiṣekaḥ (=consecration).

ANOMALOUS:
     1 vidhiviruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (?);
     2 aniyamaparaḥ (rā raṃ) (?);
     3 avidhi (mfn.) (?).

ANOMALY:
     1 vighivirodhaḥ;
     2 avidhiḥ (?);
     3 aniyamaḥ (?).

ANON:
     I Quickly, soon: q. v.: sapadi.
     II Again: q. v. Ph. ever and a. yadā tadāḥ v. Often, frequently.

ANONYMOUS:
     1 *anirdiṣṭalekhakābhidhānaḥ (nā naṃ)
     2 adattapraṇetṛsaṃjñaḥ (jhā ñjaṃ); etc.

ANONYMOUSLY:
     1 *anirdiṣṭalekhakābhidhānam;
     2 *adattapraṇetṛsaṃjñam.

ANOTHER:
     1 anyaḥ (nyā nyat), it is impossible that one acts and a. enjoys na hye tat sambhaviṣyatyanyaḥ karotyanyo bhuṃkta iti, D. s.: a. day anyedyuḥ;
     2 paraḥ (rā raṃ), a.'s wife parastrī, a.'s property parasvam;
     3 aparaḥ (rā raṃ), a. dearer to you than myself mattaḥpriyatarastavāparo janaḥ, K.;
     4 in some case by antara affixed, took her to a. king rājāntaraṃ nināya, R. vi. 26.: v. Different. N. B. Note that para is gen. confined to comp. and apara is gen. used with a qualifying subs. Note also that anya and apara do not gen. mean a.'s in comp.: v. Another's.

ANOTHER, One (reciprocal): v. One another.

ANOTHER'S:
     1 anyadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 parakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

ANSWER (v. t.):
     I To reply:
     1 kathayati (kath, c. 10.), (first) a. my these four questions and then drink water mamaitān caturo praśnān kathayitvā jalaṃ piva, Mah.;
     2 bravīti (brū, c. 2.), if you do not a. my questions,
     I will eat you na cedvūvīṣi praśnānaśnāmi tvāṃ, D. vi.;
     3 uttaraṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (with gen.);
     4 pratilikhati ( =to write back, q. v.). N. B.
     1 and
     2 are not applicable to writing.
     II To refute: q. v.
     III To correspond to, suit: q. v.
     IV To pay: q. v. Ph: this will a. my object anena saphalasamohito bhavāmi.

ANSWER (v. i.):
     I To make a reply: uttaraṃ dadāti.
     II To speak in reply:
     1 prativakti (vac, c. 1.);
     2 prativadati (vad, c. 1.);
     3 pratibhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1.).
     III To render an account to: expressed by circumlo.: you will have to a. to your master for the sums received *tvayā yaddhanaṃ labdhaṃ tasya viśeṣavṛttāntaḥ svāmine nivedayitavyaḥ.
     IV To serve for.: q. v.

ANSWER (subs):
     1 uttaraṃ;
     2 prativacanam;
     3 pratyuktiḥ;
     4 prativākyam. N. B. The last three words are applicable only to speaking in reply, while the first uttaraṃ is applicable also to legal replies and solutions of problems.

ANSWERABLE:
     I Refutable: khaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Responsible, accountable: q. v.
     III Correspondent, proportionate, suited: q. v.

ANT:
     1 pipīlikā (the common small red a.);
     2 pipīlikaḥ (a large black a.).

ANT-EATER: pipīlikākhādako jantubhedaḥ.

ANTAGONISM:
     1 virodhaḥ;
     2 pratidvandvam;
     3 paryavasthānam.

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ANTAGONIST:
     1 virodhin (f. );
     2 pratidvandvin (f. );
     3 paryavasthātṛ (f. trī): v. Opponent.

ANTAGONISTIC: virodhin (f. ): v. Opposed.

ANTARCTIC: *dakṣiṇakendrīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). A. pole *dakṣiṇakendram.

ANTECEDENT (adj.): v. Prior, previous.

ANTECEDENT (subs): Ph. whose a. s are not known *yasya pūrvacaritamavijñātam.
     II In logic: pūrvapakṣaḥ.
     III In gram.: *pūrvasaṃjñā.

ANTECHAMBER: Perh. prāgvaṃśaḥ; *upaśālā.

ANTEDATE: Ph.: he a. d the letter *agrimadivasaṃ patre sanniveśayāmāsa.

ANTEDELUVIAN: pralayapūrvakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

ANTELOPE:
     1 kṛṣṇasāraḥ (the black spotted a.);
     2 ṛṣyaḥ (the painted a.);
     3 mṛgaḥ (f. ) (the general term for a. s, deer etc.)

ANTENNA: Of insects: Perh. śuṇḍam.

ANTERIOR:
     I Preceding in time: v. Prior, previous.
     II Befor in place: agraḥ: (grā graṃ), the a. part (as of a month): agrabhāgaḥ.

ANTHEM:
     1 sūktam;
     2 stotram: v. Hymn, song.

ANTHER: *parāgakoṣaḥ.

ANTHOLOGY: kusumasaṃgrahaḥ (Lit. and Fig.)

ANTHONY'S FIRE: udardaḥ: v. Erysipelas.:

ANTIBILIOUS: pittaghnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ).

ANTICHRIST: The great adversary of Christ: *pratikṛṣṭaḥ.

ANTICIPATE (v. t.):
     I To foresee: Ph. old men can a. what is coming vṛddhabuddhiranāgataṃ paśyati Vi.; even a. ing his death tasya bhāvimaraṇaṃ jānannapi.
     II To be before in doing: Ph. I a. d his designs by removing to London *tasyāśayaṃ nirūpya laṇḍanamahaṃ jagāma; Scipio a. d Hannibal in crossing the Po. *henibālasyāmiprāyaṃ jñātvā sipiyaḥ prāgeva ponadīmuttatāra.

ANTICIPATION: Expr. by circumlo.: v. To anticipate.

ANTIDOTE:
     I Any remedy: q. v.: pratikāraḥ.
     II For poison: viṣaghnauṣadham etc. A dealer in a. s:
     1 viṣavaidyaḥ;
     2 jāṅgalikaḥ,
     3 narendraḥ.
     III For fever: jvaraghnauṣadham.

ANTIMONY:
     1 srotoñjanam;
     2 kāpotam;
     3 sauviram;
     4 yāmunam. These words properly mean sulphuret of a.

ANTIPATHY: vidveṣaḥ: Hatred, aversion.

ANTIPHRASIS: Nearest word nihatārthatvam, Sah. vii.; *viparītārthatvam.

ANTIPODES:
     I The opposite part of the globe: *pratilomam; bhūgolasyādhobhāgam.
     II Those who inhabit it: *pratilobhā. Ph. the a. and those who live in other parts of the globe, live just as comfortably as we do here anākulāstiryagadhaḥ sthitāśca tiṣṭhanti te tatra vayaṃ yathātra, S. s.

ANTIQUARIAN (adj.): Ph. a. knowledge prākkālīnaviṣayavijñānam.

ANTIQUARIAN, ANTIQUARY (subs): *prākkālīnaviṣayeṣu paṇḍitaḥ abhijñaḥ, etc. (?).

ANTIQUATED (adj.): apracalitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Obsolete, oldfashioned.

ANTIQUE (adj.): prācīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Ancient, old.

ANTIQUE (subs):
     1 prācīnadravyam (?);
     2 purāṇadravyam (?).

ANTIQUITY:
     I The ancients:
     1 vṛddhāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 pūrve (m. pl.);
     3 cirantanāḥ (m. pl.);
     4 prācīnāḥ or prācīnalokāḥ (m. pl.) etc.
     II The ancient time:
     1 prākkālaḥ;
     2 pūrvakālaḥ.
     III Ancientness:
     1 prācīnatvam;
     2 purāṇatvam;
     3 purātanatvam.
     IV The remains of a.:
     1 prācīnadravyam (=an old thing);
     2 prākkālīnaviṣayaḥ ( = antiquarian subject).

ANTITHESIS: nearest word virodhaḥ, Sah. x.

ANTITYPE: ādarśaḥ.

ANTLER: hariṇaśṛṅgam (or simp. śṛṅgam when the meaning is clear).

ANTLERED: śṛṅgin (f. ṇī): v. Horned.

ANTONOMASIA: lakṣaṇā.

ANUS:
     1 gudam;
     2 guhyam;
     3 pāyuḥ;
     4 apānam.

ANVIL:
     1 śūrmiḥ (m.);
     2 sūrmī (f.).

ANXIETY: utkaṇṭhā;
     2 udvegaḥ (restless a.);
     3 cintā: v. Care;
     4 vyākulatā: v. Agitation;
     5 utkalikā;
     6 raṇaraṇakaḥ (rare).

ANXIOUS:
     I Beset with anxiety:
     1 utkaṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 udvignaḥ (gnā gnaṃ);
     3 vyākulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 cintitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     II Solicitous, cager:
     1 vyagraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 utsukaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     III Causing anxiety:
     1 udvegakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 utkaṇṭhāpradaḥ (dā daṃ).

ANXIOUS, TO BE: unmanāyate (nomi.), a. to see darśanāyonmanāyamānaḥ, D.

ANXIOUSLY:
     I With anxiety:
     1 sotkaṇṭham;
     2 sodvegam;
     3 by the adj. v. Anxious (I).
     II Eagerly: by the adj.: v. Anxious (II)

ANY:
     1 kaścit (kācit kiñcit), have you got a. one named Vimardaka kimasti kaścidvimardako nāmātrabhavataḥ; D. ii.: is there a. doubt about it kimatra kācidbhrāntiḥ Vi.: I could not find a. thing in the house gṛhaṃ praviśyana kiñcinmayā samāsāditam, Mr. iii.;
     2 ko'pi, (kāpi kimapi), a. one else anyaḥ ko'pi etc.;
     3 kaścana (kācana kiñcana) (rare). Ph. in the ab-sense of a. witness sākṣyabhāve; without a. wisdom jñānaṃ vinā; what power has Dhananjaya or a. body else even to take the name of your son kā śaktirasti dhanañjayasyānyasya vā nāmāpi grahītuṃ te tanayasya, Vi. ii. N. B. When a. means any one or anything whatever, it is expr.: (a) by yaḥ kaścit etc. a. one could be a witness in a house or in a forest antarveśmanyaraṇye vā yaḥ kaścit sākṣyaṃ kuryāt, M. viii. 69.; I want to give even the gold bracelet of my hand to a. one (I meet) svahastasthamapi suvarṇakaṅakaṇaṃ yasmaikasmaiciddātumicchāmi; (b) by yaḥ...... saḥ etc., they can attack a. number of horsemen *yāvānaśvavārānadhigacchanti tāvānevāmiyoktuṃ śakruvanti.

ANYHOW:
     1 yena kena prakāreṇa;
     2 yathā tathā.

ANY LONGER, ANY MORE:
     1 itaḥ param (=from this time);
     2 tataḥ param ( =from that time). I will not think any more of other girls na cintayemitaḥ paramitaranārīṃ, D. iii.

ANYWHERE:
     1 kutrāpi, a. else anyatra kutrāpi;
     2 kvacidapi, N. kiii. 55. Ph. go a. you like gaccha yatheccham, N. i. 143.; die a. you like yatra tatra vā prāṇatyāgaṃ kuru, Vi. vi.; I do not allow you to go a. ele from here ito'nyato na vo gantumanumanye, Sa. iiii.

AORIST: no equiv.: anadyatanabhūtaḥ (=indefinite past).

AORTA: hṛdayasya vāmakoṣanirgatā raktavahā bṛhannāḍī.

APACE: satvaram: v. Quickly, rapidly.

APART:
     I Separately: q. v.: pṛthak.
     II At a distance: dūre.
     III Privately:
     1 vijane;
     2 nibhṛtam. Ph.: a. from this, there is no other fault in the man. etadbhinnastasya doṣo nāsti.

APARTMENT: koṣṭhaḥ: v. Room. The inner a. s antaḥpuram. The attendants on the inner a. s antarvaṃśikāḥ puruṣāḥ D. i.

APATHETIC;
     I Void of passion:
     1 vītarāgaḥ (gā gaṃ);
     2 vītaspṛhaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 nispṛhaḥ (hā haṃ);
     4 udāsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     5 virāgin (f. ).
     II Indifferent: q. v.

APATHY:
     I Stoicism:
     1 verāgyam;
     2 audāsyam.
     II Indifference.

APE (subs.): pucchahīno vānaraḥ; kapibhedaḥ.

APE (v. t.): v. To imitate, copy.

APERIENT:
     I Adj. recakaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Subs.: recakaḥ: v. Purgative.

APERTURE:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram; v. Opening, fissure.

APEX:
     1 cūḍā;
     2 śikharam: v. Tip, point.

APHORISM:
     1 sūtram;
     2 vacanam: v. Maxim.

APHORISTIC: Ph. the method of the book is a. *sūtrairgrathito granthaḥ.

APIARY: *madhumakṣikāśālā: v. Bee-hive.

APIECE: ekaikaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Each.

APISH: v. Foolish, foppish.

APOCALYPSE: prakāśanam: v. Revelation.

APOCOPE; *antyākṣaralopaḥ; *antyākṣaralopālaṅkāraḥ.

APOCRYPHA: kṛṣṭīyopavedaḥ; *upadharmapustakam.

APOGEE: uccaḥ; candrakāntimaṇḍalasya pṛthivyā daviṣṭhapadam.

APOLOGIZE:
     1 kṣamāṃ prārthayate or yācate;
     2 marṣayati (mṛṣ, c. 10.), a. to the king for what we said amongst ourselves against etiquette marṣayata lokapālaṃ yadasmābhirviśrabdhapralāpinībhirūpacārātikrameṇa bhaṇitam. Sa. iii.;
     3 anu-nayati (, c. 1.) ( =to propitiate).

APOLOGUE: kathā: v. Fable.

APOLOGY:
     I An excuse for a fault: Ph. to make an a. kṣamāprārthanāṃ karoti; to accept an a. anunayavacanaṃ parigṛhvāti (after ge.): v. Excuse.
     II An apologetic treatise; no equiv.: *prativādaḥ.

APOPHTHEGM:
     1 vacanam:
     2 vākyam: v. Saying, maxim.

APOPLECTIC:
     I subs.: sanyāsarogin (f. ṇī).
     II Adj.: Expr. by tat. comp.

APOPLEXY: sanyāsarogaḥ.

APOSTASY:
     1 svagharmatyāgaḥ (=abandonment of one's religion);
     2 svamatatyāgaḥ ( = a. of one's principles);
     3 paradharmāśrayaḥ (taking another religion): v. Desertion.

APOSTATE:
     1 *svadharmatyāgin (f. );
     2 yaḥ (yā yat) svadharmaṃ svamataṃ svapakṣaṃ vā parityajya paradharmaṃ paramataṃ parapakṣaṃ vā avalambate āśrayati, etc.

APOSTATIZE: svadharmaṃ svamataṃ svapakṣaṃ vā tyajati parityajati; svadharmāt svamatāt vā bhraṃsate (bhraṃs, c. 1.), cyavate (cyu, c. 1.).

APOSTLE:
     1 *īśvaradūtaḥ;
     2 maharṣiḥ. A. -Ship *īśvaradautyam.

APOSTROPHE:
     I In Rhe.: sambodhanam.
     II In gram.: *aminidhānam.

APOSTROPHIZE:
     1 sambodhayati (c. of budh);
     2 āhvayati (hve, c. 1.).: v. To address.

APOTHECARY:
     1 *auṣadhakāraḥ;
     2 bhiṣaj (m) ( =physician, q. v.).

APOTHEOSIS: v. Deification.

APPAL: vi-trāsayati saṃ-, (c. of tras): v. To terrify.

APPARATUS: upakaraṇam: v. Tools, instruments.

APPAREL (subs.): paricchadaḥ: v. Dress, attire.

APPAREL (v.): v. To dress, clothe, attire.

APPARENT (adj.):
     I Visible: q. v. prādurbhūta. (tā taṃ).
     II Evident, clear: q. v.:
     1 vyaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     3 spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Seeming (as opposed to real):
     1 prakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 prakaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     3 bāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ) ( =external, q. v.): v. Feigned, false.

APPARENTLY:
     I Plainly, clearly: q. v.: vyaktam.
     II Ostensibly, seemingly:
     1 prakāśaṃ;
     2 prakaṭaṃ, Si. xvi. 19.;
     3 bahiḥ ( =externally, q. v.), a. sweet, but really unfriendly madhuraṃ bahirantarapriyam, Si. xvi. 17.

APPARITION:
     I Appearance: q. v.:
     II A ghost, phantom: q. v.: chāyā.

APPARITOR: no equiv.: dūtaḥ; anucaraḥ.

APPEAL (subs.):
     I Leg. t. t.: *punarvicāraprārthanā. A court of a. *ye prāḍvivākāḥ punarvicāraprārthanāṃ śrotumarhanti or śṛṇvanti.
     II Reference to some one as an authority or witness: Ph. to make an a. to pramāṇayati (nomi.).
     III Resort, recourse: q. v.
     IV An address of entreaty: prārthanā.

APPEAL (v. i.):
     I Leg. t. t.: punarvicāraṃ prārthayate (arth, c. 10.).
     II To refer to another as an authority: pramāṇayati: Ph. I a. to gods about it atra viṣaye mama devāḥ sākṣiṇastiṣṭhanti.
     III To implore, entreat: q. v.
     IV To excite, affect: q. v.

APPEAR (v. i.):
     I To be visible:
     1 āvirbhavati or prādurbhavati, a herd of deer a. ed mṛgāṇāṃ yūthamāvirbabhūva, R. ix. 55.;
     2 prādurasti (as, c. 1.) R. xi. 63.;
     3 dṛśyate athi- prati-, (pass. of dṛś) (=to be seen) not restricted to real life as
     1 and (2).; a swan a. ed in their dream tayoḥ svapne kaścijjālapādaḥ pratyadṛśyata, D. i.
     II To show one's self: Ph. she does not a. before me sā matsamakṣaṃ nāgacchati (not darśanaṃ dadāti, see R. xix. 7.).
     III To be out: nirgacchati, an article a. ed in the Induprakāsha about so and so *amukaviṣayakaḥ prabandha induprakāśapatrikāyāṃ nirgataḥ.
     IV Leg. t. t: to be present:
     1 upatiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.);
     2 Perh. darśanaṃ dadāti. V. To seem: q. v. pratibhāti (bhā, c. 2.).
     VI To be evident or clear: q. v.

APPEARANCE:
     I The act of becoming visible;
     1 āvirbhāvaḥ (=actual a. especially of invisible spirits). who wants to make his a. (in this world) yaścāvirbhāvamicchati, Mah.;
     2 by the verb: v. To appear (I);
     3 prādurbhāvaḥ (rare), Kuv.
     II Act of being present:
     1 upasthitiḥ;
     2 darśanam, he who stands a security for one's a. yo yasya pratibhūstiṣṭherśanāya. M. viii. 58.
     III personal a.:
     1 ākāraḥ;
     2 ākṛtiḥ. of good a.: sudṛśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ).
     IV Semblance, mere show: Ph. outward a. vāhyākṛtiḥ; has an a. of justice nyāyamivāvabhāsate, Ki. xiv. 7.: v. Apparently (II). V. A phenomenon: q. v.:
     VI Probability, likelihood: q. v.

APPEASABLE: śamanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Placable.

APPEASE:
     1 śamayati pra- upa-, (c. of śam);
     2 sāntvayati upa- pari-, (sāntva, c. 10): v. Calm, propitiate.

APPEASED, TO BE:
     1 śāmyati (śam, c. 4.);
     2 pra-sīdati (sad, c. 1.).

APPEASER: śamayitā; praśamayitā. v. To appease.

APPEASING (subs.):
     1 śāntiḥ;
     2 praśāntiḥ;
     3 sāntvanā.

APPELLANT: *punarvicāraprārthin (f. ); nideśabhaṅgārthin (f. ).

APPELLATE: Ph. a. jurisdication *punarvicārādhikāraḥ; a. court ye prāḍvivākāḥ punarvicāraprārthanāṃ śrotumarhanti.

APPELLATION: nāmadheyam; v. Name.

APPELLATIVE: i. e. common:
     1 sādhāraṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 sāmānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ).

APPEND: anubadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (?).

APPENDAGE: Ph. a house with its a. s *sopakaraṇaṃ gṛhaṃ; virtue is an a. of belief in God *sadācāra āstikyabuddhimanubadhnātiḥ, v. Concomitant.

APPENDIX: pariśiṣṭam.

APPERTAIN: v. To belong. A. ing to: v. belonging to.

APPETENCE: v. Appetite, desire.

APPETITE:
     I Any mental desire:
     1 kāmaḥ;
     2 rāgaḥ; v. Desire, longing.
     II actual desire for food:
     1 kṣudhā;
     2 bubhukṣā;
     3 aśanāyā.

APPLAUD:
     1 praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.) v. To praise;
     2 gāyati upagāyati (gai, c. 1.) Ki. xvii. 47.;
     3 vandate pari-, (vand, c. 1.), a. ed by the chiefs of the clans gaṇapatibhiḥ parivanditena, Ki.

APPLAUSE:
     I Acclamation: q. v.: praśaṃsāvācaḥ (f. pl.).
     II Praise: q. v. praśaṃsā. N. B. Clapping the hands is not a sign of a. in Sanskrit, but the reverse, Si. xv. 39.

APPLE:
     I A tree: *ātāvṛkṣaḥ.
     II Its fruits: ātāphalam.
     III Of the eye: tārā: v. Pupil.

APPLIANCE:
     I Application: q. v.
     II In pl., instruments: q. v.: upakaraṇāni. (n. pl.).

APPLICABILITY: Expr. by circumlo.: v. Applicable, apply (v. i.) (1).

APPLICABLE: lagat (f. ntī), the fine-toothed (lady) hearing the whole speech equally a. to Indra and Nala ākarṇya tulyamakhilāṃ sudatī lagantīmākhaṇḍale'pi ca nale'pi ca vācametāṃ, N. iii. 8. Ph. equally a. to Yama and Nala śamananaiṣadhayoḥ samānaḥ N. iii. 20.; to be a. lagati (lag, c. 1) (with loc.).

APPLICANT:
     1 arthī;
     2 prārthayitā;
     3 yācakaḥ: v. Petitioner.

APPLICATION (subs).:
     I The act of putting to: prayogaḥ samprayogaḥ, by the a. of fire or heat agnyātapasaṃprayogāt, R. v. 54.
     II The thing applied: prayogaḥ, should seize (them) by wet leather or by other a. s ārdra carmaṇānyairvā prayogairgṛhvīyāt, Sr.
     III Petition: q. v.:
     1 prārthanā;
     2 yācñā.
     IV attention, assiduity: q. v.:
     1 abhiniveśaḥ;
     2 manoyogaḥ. V. Use, employment; prayogaḥ Ki.
     VI Relation, reference: q. v.

APPLY (v. i.):
     I Refer or relate to:
     1 lagati (lag, c. 1) (with loc.) N. xiii. 8.;
     2 vartate (vṛt, c. 1) (only in certain cases), here the word 'light' a. s to God atra jyotiḥśabdaḥ brahmaṇi vartate, S. iii. 40.
     II To solicit, have recourse to: q. v.: prārthayate (arth, c. 10.).

APPLY (v. t.):
     I To lay or put on:
     1 prayojayati or yunakti or yūṃkte (yuj, c. 10. and 7.), do not a. liniment at night nālepaṃ rātrau prayuñjīta, Sr.;
     2 ni-veśayati (c. viś), a. ing the shell to his lower lip adharauṣṭhe jalajaṃ niveśya, R. vii. 63. Ph.: a. ing the bit to your mouth khalīnaṃ mukhe prakṣipya, P. iv. 7.; he a. d his hand to my breast sa mamorasi hastaṃ dadau.
     II To use, refer: prayojayati or yunakti, or yuṃkte, we a. the words like 'sun' to it tasminnādityādayaḥ śabdāḥ prayujyante, S. iii. 32.
     III To use for a particular purpose, to devote: prayojayati.
     IV To fix closely, incline: mano yacchati (, c. 1), dadāti (, c. 3), nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3), or yunakti (yuj, c. 7).

APPOINT (v. t.):
     I To make or nominate:
     1 yunakti or yaṃkte ni- vini-, (yuj, c. 7), as a king a. s officers over villages etc. yathā rājā grāmādiṣvadhikṛtānviniyuṃkte, Up.;
     2 karoti (kṛ, c. 8) v. To make;
     3 nidadhāti sanni-, (dhā, c. 3) Ki. i. 22. v. To place;
     4 vyā-diśati (diś, c. 6) Ku. iii. 13. v. To order.
     II To ordain, prescribe: q. v.: nirdiśati.

APPOINTED, WELL: i. e. well equipped:
     1 susajjitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 parikalpitaḥ (tā taṃ).

APPOINTMENT:
     I The act of appointing:
     1 niyogaḥ;
     2 viniyogaḥ.
     II Station, position: padam.
     III Stipulation, agreement: q. v. samayaḥ (rare in this sense). IV. A. command, decree: q. v.: niyogaḥ. v. Equipment: q. v. sajjā.

APPORTION: vi-bhajati pravi- saṃvi-, (bhaj c. 1): v. To distribute, allot.

APPORTIONMENT:
     1 vibhāgaḥ (=distribution, q. v.);
     2 parikalpanam (=assignment, q. v.).

APPOSITE:
     1 upayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 upapannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     3 saṅgataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Suitable, Fit, pertinent.

APPOSITELY:
     1 Expr. by the adj.;
     2 sthāne;
     3 prastāvasadṛśam.

APPOSITENESS: Ph. your remark is characterized by a. saṅgataṃ tava bhāṣitam: v. Apposite.

APPOSITION: ekānvayaḥ (?).

APPRAISE (v. t.): bhūlyaṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10), nirdhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10).

APPRAISEMENT:
     1 bhūlyanirūpaṇam;
     2 mūlyanirdhāraṇam: v. Valuation.

APPRAISER:
     1 mūlyanirūpakaḥ;
     2 mūlyanirdhārakaḥ: v. Valuer.

APPRECIABLE: upalabhyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ) (=perceptible, q. v.).

APPRECIATE:
     1 mūlyaṃ or guṇāguṇaṃ jānāti (jñā, c. 9), avagacchati (gam, c. 1);
     2 bahumanyate (man, c. 4) (=to think much of).

APPRECIATION:
     1 mūlyaviñjānam (?);
     2 guṇāguṇavijñānam (?).

APPREHEND:
     I To arrest: q. v.:
     1 dharati (dhṛ, c. 1);
     2 gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9).
     II To comprehend, conceive: q. v.:
     1 upalabhate (labh, c. 1.);
     2 avagacchati (gam, c. 1.)
     III To believe, suppose: q. v.: śaṅkate (śaṅka, c. 1), I a. Bharata has come out to meet me śaṅake.......pratyudgato māṃ bharataḥ, R. xiii. 64.
     IV To fear śaṅkate ā- vi- pari-, a. ing defeat from you viśaṅkamāno bhavataḥ parābhavaṃ, Ki. i. 7.

APPREHNSION:
     I The act of seizing:
     1 grahaṇam;
     2 dhṛtiḥ (rare).
     II Arrest: q. v.: āsodhaḥ.
     III Conception, comprehension, understanding: q. v.: Ph. a man of quick a. tīkṣṇabuddhiḥ, a man of dull a. sthūlabudviḥ.
     IV Opinion, notion: q. v.: matam. V. Fear of future evil:
     1 śaṅklā;
     2 āśaṅkā.

APPREHENSIVE:
     1 śaṅkitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śaṅkānvitaḥ (tā taṃ). to be a. śaṅkate.

APPRENTICE (subs): no equiv.: antevāsin (f. ) (=disciple) may be used.

APPRENTICE (v): Ph. he was a. d to me for five years *pañcavarṣaparyantaṃ sa mama niyamabaddho'ntevāsyāsīt.

APPRENTICESHIP: antevāsitvam. (?); niyamabaddhāntevāsitvam.

APPRISE OF: vi-ñjāpayati (c. of ñjā): v. To inform.

APPROACH (v.):
     I To come or go near:
     1 upa-sarpati (sṛp, c. 1);
     2 upa-sarati samupa-, (sṛ, c. 1);
     3 upa-sīdati upā-, (sad, c. 1);
     4 samīpaṃ nikaṭaṃ, etc. gacchati (gam, c. 1), yāti (, c. 2), etc.: v. Go near;
     5 upagacchati samupa-. N. B. Observe that samīpaṃ etc. are cons. with the gen., all the other verbs take the acc.
     II To approximate, resemble: q. v.

APPROACH (subs):
     I The act of approaching:
     1 āsannatā (=the act of being near);
     2 upāgamaḥ;
     3 āgamaḥ (=arrival).
     II A means of a. ing:
     1 upasarpaṇamārgaḥ (?);
     2 upāgamadvāram (?).

APPROACHABLE: upasarpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Accessible.

APPROACHING (part. adj.):
     1 āsannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), whose death was a. āsannaśarīrapātaḥ, Ku. iii. 44;
     2 abhyarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ), a. separation, abhyarṇaviraha-, K.;
     3 upoḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), Ki. xvii. 54.;
     4 sannikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

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APPROBATION:
     I Acclamation:
     1 dhanyavādaḥ;
     2 sādhuvādaḥ, you will receive a. throughout the world yāvat saṃsāramaṇḍalamavāpnuhi sādhuvādam, Si. xiv. 87.
     II Assent, approval: q. v.

APPROPRIATE (v. t.):
     I To set apart for a particular purpose:
     1 ni-yojayati vini- pra-, (yuj, c. 10.);
     2 upa-kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     II To take to one's self:
     1 ātmasāt karoti (kṛ, c. 8.), what princes strive to a. even by misdeeds duritairapi kartumātmasāt prayatante nṛpasūnavo hi yat, R. viii. 2;
     2 svāyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) or svādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (agreeing with the object) karoti, M. n. (not very common).

APPROPRIATE (adj.):
     I Apposite, suitable: q. v.: upapannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), this epithet is very a. for the breeze upapannaṃ viśeṣaṇamasya vāyoḥ V. ii.
     II Peculiar: q. v.

APPROPRIATELY:
     1 upapannam;
     2 yuktam: v. Fitly, suitably.

APPROPRIATENESS: Fitness: suitableness.

APPROPRIATION:
     1 prayogaḥ;
     2 viniyogaḥ;
     3 upakalpanam (?).

APPROVAL:
     1 anumodanam (rare);
     2 sammatiḥ (=assent);
     3 by the verb, you have received my a. mayānumodito'si: v. Also approbation.

APPROVE:
     I To be pleased with:
     1 anumodate (mud, c. 1) (gen. with the acc. of the person whose measures etc. are a. d), none of his brothers could oppose or a. (his determination) na kaścana bhrātṛṣu teṣu śakto niṣeddhu māsīdanumodituṃ vā. R. xiv. 43; without obtaining a. al of my mother mātrānanumoditā; K.;
     2 rocate abhi-, (ruc, c. 1) (with dat. of the person who a. s), if you ask me,
     I do not a. even of their quarrel yadi māṃ pṛcchasi tadaiteṣāṃ vivāda eva na me rocate, Mal. i.;
     3 anu-manyate (man, c. 4) (rare in this sense), D. iv.:
     II To prove: q. v.
     III To commend: q. v.

APPROVED:
     1 parīkṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) (=tried);
     2 abhimataḥ (tā taṃ) (=accepted).

APPROVER. leg.t. t.: yaḥ svayaṃ doṣaṃ pratipadya sahāyānapyabhiyunakti.

APPROXIMATE (adj.): āsannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Near, next.

APPROXIMATE (v.):
     I To approach: q. v.
     II To resemble: q. v.

APPROXIMATION: Ph. this is only an a. to truth *etanne diṣṭhameva satyasyaḥ v. Near, next.

APRICOT: susvāduḥ phalaviśeṣaḥ.

APRIL: uttaracaitrapūrvavaiśākhānuvādīyurupīyavatsarasya caturtho māsaḥ.

APRON:
     I An article of dress: yutakam. (?)
     II A covering for the legs: *carmamayaḥ jaṅghāpracchadaḥ jaṅdhātrāṇam.
     III A piece of lead to cover the vent of a cannon: no equiv. pidhānam (=covering) may be used.

APROPOS: sthāne: v. Opportunely, seasonably.

APSIS: mandoccaḥ (mandaḥ =the lower a., uccaḥ =the higher a.) The line of apsides: mandoccarekhā (?).

APT:
     I Fit, suitable: q. v.: upayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Inclined, prone:
     1 by śīlaḥ (lā laṃ) in comp., a. to forget vismaraṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 in some cases by a deriv: a. to break bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ); a. to fall pātukaḥ (kā kaṃ), not a. to perish avinaśvaraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Ready, prompt: q. v.

APTITUDE:
     I Tendency, propensity: expr. by śīlatā or by deriv.: a. to break bhaṅguratā: v. Apt (ii).
     II Fitness, Suitableness: q. v. upayogitā.
     III Readiness in learning: of remarkable a. tīkṣṇabuddhi. (mfn.): v. Sharp.

APTLY:
     1 yathocitam;
     2 yathopapannam: v. Fitly, suitably.

APTNESS: v. Aptitude.

AQUA-FORTIS: (nitric acid): *tīkṣṇarasaḥ.

AQUARIUS: kumbharāśiḥ, or simply, kumbhaḥ.

AQUATIC:
     I Pertaining to water: jala (in comp.): a. animal:
     1 jalajantuḥ;
     2 yādasa (n).
     II Pertaining to water: jalacaraḥ or jalecaraḥ (rī raṃ).
     III Born in water:
     1 jalajaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 vārijaḥ (jā jaṃ); etc.

AQUEDUCT:
     1 jalapraṇālī;
     2 jalavāhinī (?).

AQUEOUS:
     1 jalamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 abhmayaḥ (yī yaṃ): v. Watery.

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AQUILINE: Ph. one who has a. nose śukanāsaḥ (sā saṃ); tuṅgaghoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

ARABESQUE: *gṛhabhittyādāvutkīrṇakusumādyalaṅkāraviśeṣaḥ āravālaṅkāraḥ.

ARABLE:
     1 kṛṣiyogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ);
     2 halyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ). A. land: halyam.

ARBITER:
     I An arbitrator: q. v. madhyasthaḥ.
     II A lord, master: īśaḥ.

ARBITRARILY:
     1 svecchayā;
     2 svecchātaḥ;
     3 svakāmataḥ.

ARBITRARY:
     I Depending on mere will: Ph. an a. decision *icchānurūpo nirṇayaḥ; a. conduct svecchācāritā or kāmacāritā; it was a. on your part to arrest me *tvaṃ svecchayā māṃ dhṛtavān.
     II Absolute, despotic:
     1 svecchācārin (f. ṇī):
     2 kāmacārin. (f. ṇī);
     3 uddāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (without any control).

ARBITRATE: nirṇayati (, c. 1): v. To decide.

ARBITRATION: nirṇayaḥ (=decision: q. v.).

ARBITRATOR: madhyasthaḥ: v. Umpire.

ARBOUR:
     1 kuñjaḥ;
     2 nikuñjaḥ: v. Bower.

ARC: vṛttakhaṇḍam (a. of a circle): v. Arch.

ARCADE: Perh. toraṇagṛham.

ARCH (subs.) toraṇa (mn) (properly=an arched gateway, but may, by analogy, be applied to other arches).

ARCH (v):
     I To cover with an arch: toraṇaṃ nyasyati (as, c. 4) (after Mu.) or toraṇena pracchādayati (chad c. 10).
     II To bend, curve: q. v.

ARCH (adj.): caturaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cunning, sly.

ARCHAEOLOGIST: *purāṇasāhityavid; prākkālīnasāhityādiviṣayeṣu paṇḍitaḥ.

ARCHAEOLOGY: *purāṇasāhityam; prākkālīnasāhityādiviṣayakā vidyā.

ARCHAISM: *prācīnaprayogaḥ: A. s occurring in the Mahābhārata, Rāmāyana, Manu, etc. are called ārṣaprayogaḥ.

ARCHANGEL: *īśvarasya pradhānadūtaḥ.

ARCHBISHOP: *kṛṣṭīyasampradāyeṣu sarvapradhānācāryaḥ.

ARCHBISHOPRIC: *kṛṣṭīyasampradāyeṣu yaḥ sarvapradhānācāryaḥ tasyādhikāraḥ.

ARCHDEACON: *īlaṇḍadeśe viśapasya nimnastho dharmopāsakaḥ.

ARCHDEACONRY:
     I The office of an archdeacon: *ārcaḍikanapadam.
     II His residence: *ārcaḍikanāvāsaḥ.
     III His jurisdiction *ārcaḍikanasyādhikāraḥ.

ARCHDUCHY: Ph. a. of Baden vādenarājyam: v. Kingdom.

ARCHDUKE (m.), Archduches (f.): upādhiviśeṣaḥ; *uparājaḥ (m), uparāñjī (f.).

ARCHED:
     I Covered with an arch: nyastatoraṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (?), an a. gateway toraṇam.
     II In the form of an arch, curved:
     1 bhugnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ);
     2 kuñcitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ARCHER:
     I A bowman: q. v.: dhānuṣkaḥ.
     II The constellation: dhanus (n.)

ARCHERY:
     1 dhanurvidyā (the art);
     2 śarābhyāsaḥ (the practice).

ARCHETYPE: ādarśaḥ: v. Pattern, model.

ARCHIEPISCOPAL: i. e. belonging to an archbishop: expr. by tat. comp.

ARCHIPELAGO: dvīpasamūhaḥ; dvīpasaṅghātaḥ; etc.

ARCHITECT:
     I Lit.:
     1 vāstuvidyopajīvin (m), K. b.;
     2 sthapatiḥ, P. i. 1.;
     3 śilpin (n.) (=artisan, but may be appropriately used when the sense is clear), R. II. Fig.: a maker: q. v.: kartā.

ARCHITECTURAL: expr. by comp., a. skill nirmāṇakauśalama.

ARCHITECTURE:
     1 vāstuvidyā;
     2 gṛhanirmāṇaśilpam (?);
     3 śilpam (when the sense is clear). Si. iii. 35.

ARCHITRAVE: no equiv.: *upastambhaḥ.

ARCHIVES:
     I Records: *prācīnapatrasañcayaḥ.
     II The place where they are kept: *prācīnapatrāgāram.

ARCHLY:
     1 caturam;
     2 vidagdham.

ARCHNESS:
     1 cāturyam;
     2 cāturī;
     3 vaidagdham.

ARCTIC: *uttarakendrīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): the a. pole uttarakendram.

ARDENCY: v. Ardour.

ARDENT:
     I Fiery, hot: q. v.: pracaṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ).
     II Eager: Ph. a. eyes (of a lover) satṛṣṇanayane.
     III Warm, affectionate: atyantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) or niratiśayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=excessive), a. love niratiśayānurāgaḥ: Ph. a. vows (of a lover) śapathāḥ (m. pl.).

ARDENTLY: satṛṣṇaṃ (as in gazing);
     2 atyantaṃ (=excessively).

ARDOUR:
     I Heat: q. v. uttāpaḥ.
     II Warmth, eagerness: utsāhaḥ; with a. sotsāhaṃ. Ph. the a. of his love tasya niratiśayānurāgaḥ.

ARDUOUS:
     I Lofty: q. v.
     II Difficult: q. v. duṣkaraḥ (rā raṃ).

ARDUOUSNESS: v. Difficulty.

AREA
     I Outer a.: aṅganam: v. Yard.
     II Inner a. prakoṣṭhaḥ.
     III In geo. phalam, a. of a circle vṛttakṣetraphalam; a. of a triangle tribhujaphalam, Li.

ARENA:
     1 raṅgaḥ;
     2 raṅgabhūmiḥ;
     3 akṣavāṭaḥ (rare).

ARGILLACEOUS: v. Clayey.

ARGONAUTIC: Ph. a. expedition *kanakorṇānveṣaṇāya jesanasya kalvisaṃ prati yātrā.

ARGOSY: bṛhannauviśeṣaḥ: v. Merchantman.

ARGUE (v. i.):
     I To reason: tarkayati vi-, (tark, c. 10) or tarkaṃ karoti
     II To infer: q. v.:
     1 tarkayati; ūhate (ūh, c. 1).

ARGUE (v. t.):
     I To discuss: Ph. he a. d the cause very ably *sa yuktiṃ pradaśrya sunipuṇaṃ tarkayāmāsa.
     II To prove or evince: q. v.

ARGUMENT:
     I A process of reasoning:
     1 tarkaḥ;
     2 vitarkaḥ.
     II Any reason alleged:
     1 yuktiḥ, when all a. s fail yuktiṣvapyavasannāsu;
     2 uppattiḥ Ki. ii. 23.
     III A debate, discussion: q. v.: vādānuvādaḥ.
     IV The subject of a discourse, etc.: Ph. I will give the a. (of the play) saṃkṣepata itivṛttamabhidhīyate, Tārānāth: v. Subect. v. An abstract summary: q. v.

ARGUMENTATION: tarkaḥ: v. Reasoning.

ARGUMENTATIVE: tārkikaḥ (kī kaṃ): Ph. it is a. of almighty power in the creator etadīśvarasya sarvaśaktitvaṃ pradarśayati.

ARID:
     1 śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ);
     2 pariśuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ): v. Dry, parched.

ARIDITY: śuṣkatā.: v. Dryness.

ARIES: a constellation: meṣaḥ; meṣarāśiḥ.

ARIGHT:
     1 yuktam,
     2 yathocitam;
     3 samyak.

ARISE:
     1 udeti (i, c. 2);
     2 udgacchati (gam, c. 1): v. To rise, produce (iv). N. B. These two verbs are used in all the senses the English verb: a. ing from the seat āsanādudvan, Ki. ii. 57.; the moon arose udagāt sudhāsūtiḥ, K.; does (not) your fear a., maiden udeti te bhīrapi kinnu bāle, N. iii. 13.

ARISING FROM (as adj.):
     1 jaḥ (jā jaṃ) or janitaḥ (tā taṃ) (in comp.), the infamy a. from the assassination of Parvateśvara parvateśvaravināśajanitasyāyaśasaḥ, Mu. iii.;
     2 bhavaḥ udbhavaḥ prabhavaḥ (vā vaṃ) (in comp.), the darkness a. from youth is very impervious atigahanaṃ tamo yauvanaprabhavabha, K.;
     3 utthaḥ samutthaḥ (tthā tthaṃ), bodily pains are those a. from diseases etc. tatra śārīraṃ vyādhyādyu ttham, S.p. b.

ARISTOCRACY:
     I A form of Government: *kulīnaśāsanam or kulīnaprabhutvam.
     II The persons of whom it is composed *kulīnasampradāyaḥ or rājyaśāsakakulīnavargaḥ.

ARISTOCRAT:
     I A member of an aristocracy: *kulīnaḥ.
     II One who supports aristocracy: *kulīnaśāsanasamarthakaḥ.

ARISTOCRATIC: Ph. a. government *kulīnaśāsanam; a. pride kulābhimānaḥ; of a. family kulīnaḥ (nā naṃ) or abhijātaḥ (tā taṃ).

ARITHMETIC:
     1 aṅkavidyā;
     2 pāṭīgaṇitam. The eight rules of a. parikarmāṣṭakam.

ARITHMETICAL:
     1 aṅkavidyāviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (relating to a.);
     2 aṅkavidyānusāreṇa (according to the rules of a.).

ARITHMETICIAN: aṅkavidyāviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ) and sim. comp. s.

ARK:
     I A vessel: q. v.:
     1 nauḥ;
     2 taraṇī. II. A. chest:
     1 peṭikā;
     2 ādhāraḥ.

ARM (subs.):
     I Of the human body:
     1 bhujaḥ;
     2 bāhuḥ;
     3 dos; (m);
     4 praveṣṭaḥ. A. The fore a. prakoṣṭhaḥ. The upper a. pragaṇḍaḥ.
     II any object analogous to an arm: (a) of a tree śākhā. v. Bough. (b) of a chair: *bāhuḥ. (c) of the sea or of a river:
     1 vaṅkaḥ;
     2 vakram. (d) of the polypi: v. Feelers.
     III A weapon: v. Arms.
     IV A branch of the military service: aṅgam. v. Power: q. v.

ARM (v. i.):
     I To take arms:
     1 saṃnahyati (nah, c. 4) (=to accoutre), ordered the generals to a. senāpatīn saṃnahanārthamādiśat, Ku. xv. 5.;
     2 astraṃ gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9);
     3 sāyudhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) bhavati.
     II To prepare for war yuddhāya sajjībhavati.

ARM (v. t.):
     1 sannāhayati (c. of naha);
     2 sāyudhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) karoti;
     3 sajjīkaroti (=to equip).

ARMADA: potāvaliḥ. v. Fleet.

ARMADILLO: vileśayaḥ kṣudrajantuviśeṣaḥ; *varmadharaḥ.

ARMAMENT:
     I A body of forces equipped for war: balam: v. Army, fleet.
     II The guns and ammunitions of a man-of-war: yuddhopakaraṇāni (n. pl.) (?).

ARMED (adj.):
     1 sāyudhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 saṃnaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ)
     3 sajjaḥ (jjā jjaṃ) (=equipped).

ARMHOLE:
     1 kakṣaḥ;
     2 bāhumūlam;
     3 bhujakoṭaraḥ;
     4 kakṣālayaḥ, Vi.

ARMISTICE:
     1 ayuddham;
     2 yuddhaviratiḥ; and sim. comp. s. Ph. from filial affection, asked for two day's a. yayāce putravātsalyādayuddhaṃ divasadvayam; Raj. v. Truce.

ARMLESS:
     I Without an arm:
     1 abhujaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 bhujahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); etc.
     II Without weapons:
     1 aśastraḥ (strā straṃ);
     2 anāyudhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); etc.

ARMLET: valayaḥ v. Bracelet.

ARMOUR:
     1 varman (n).;
     2 kavaca (mn.);
     3 vārabāṇaḥ;
     4 saṃnāhaḥ;
     5 kañcukaḥ;
     6 tanutram. Chain a. jālikā (rare).

ARMOURER: śastrakāraḥ; Perh. asidhārakaḥ.

ARMOURY:
     1 āyudhāgāram;
     2 śastragṛham.

ARM-PIT: kakṣaḥ; v. Arm-hole.

ARMS:
     I Weapons:
     1 śastram;
     2 astram;
     3 āyudhaḥ;
     4 hetiḥ;
     5 praharaṇam.
     II War, hostility: q. v.
     III Armorial bearings: *kulacihrāni (n. pl.).

ARMY:
     1 sainyam;
     2 balam;
     3 daṇḍacakram;
     4 patākinī;
     5 camūḥ;
     6 vyūhaḥ (an a. in battle array);
     7 caturaṅgabalam (an a. comprising the four complements, elephants, cars, horse and foot). N. B. sainyam and balam are also used in the plural in the 'singular' sense.

AROMA:
     1 gandhaḥ;
     2 saurabham;
     3 āmodaḥ.

AROMATIC:
     1 sugandhi (mfn.);
     2 sugandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ);
     3 surabhi (mfn.): v. Fragrant.

AROUND (prep.): paritaḥ (with acc.), a. the altar vedīṃ paritaḥ, B. i. 12.

AROUND (adv.):
     1 paritaḥ;
     2 sarvataḥ, looking a. sarvato vilokya, U.;
     3 samantataḥ samantāt, K.;
     4 viṣvak, with sparks scattered all a. viṣvagvisṛtasphuliṅagaḥ, Ki. xvi. 51.

AROUSE:
     I From sleep: prabodhayati: v. To awake.
     II From inaction
     1 uttejayati (tij, c. 10), will go to the island of Mahendra to a. Jāmadagnya jāmadagnyamuttejayituṃ mahendradvīpameva gacchāvaḥ Vi. ii.;
     2 utthāpayati (c. of sthā), and a. ing his natural enemies utthāpya sahajāṃśca dviṣaḥ D. iv.;
     3 prabodhayati (rare).

ARRACK:
     1 tālī;
     2 tāḍiḥ or tāḍī.

ARRAIGN: amiyunakti or yojayati (yuj, c. 7 and 10): v. To accuse.

ARRAIGNMENT: abhiyogaḥ: v. Accusation.

ARRANGE:
     I To put in order:
     1 racayati vi-, (rac, c. 1), a. ing the division of the forest viracayya kānanavibhāgam, Ki. xii. 44.;
     2 vinyasyati (as, c. 4), merely by a. ing sentences padavinyāsamātreṇa;
     3 yathākramaṃ sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To adjust, settle, determine: q. v.

ARRANGEMENT:
     I Orderly disposition:
     1 racanā;
     2 vinyāsaḥ;
     3 saṃvidhānam.
     II Settlement, adjustment, agreement: q. v.

ARRANT: pāmaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Infamous, vile.

ARRAS: v. Tapestry.

ARRAY (subs.):
     I Battle-array: q. v.
     II Arrangement, order: q. v.
     III Dress, clothing: q. v.: paricchadaḥ.
     IV Of jurymen *nyāyapratibhūgaṇaḥ.

ARRAY (v. t.):
     I To arrange, draw up: q. v. racayati vi-, (rac, c. 10).
     II To dress, deck: q. v. bhūṣayati.
     III To select jurymen *nyāyapratibhuvo nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10).

ARREAR, ARREARS: *avaśiṣṭadeyam, pay up your a. s *avaśiṣṭadeyaṃ pariśodhaya; I owe large a. s *mayā bahu pariśodhanīyam; a. of rent *karaśeṣaḥ.

ARREST (v. t.):
     I To obstruct, stop: q. v.: rūṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7).
     II To apprehend legally:
     1 āsedhati (sidha, c. 1);
     2 dharati or dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 1 and 10):
     3 gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9).
     III To fix, engage: Ph. (it) a. s my eyes badhnāti me cakṣuḥ; R.; it a. s my attention māmananyamanaskaṃ karoti.

ARREST (subs.):
     1 āsedhaḥ;
     2 dhṛtiḥ (?). Ph. a. of judgment *nirṇayarodhaḥ.

ARRIVAL:
     1 āgamanam;
     2 āgamaḥ;
     3 upayānam (rare), Ku. vii. 22.

ARRIVE (v. i.):
     1 pra-āpnoti ava- sampra- anupra-, (āp, c. 5), a. d at the hermitage af the saint maharṣeḥ prāpadāśramam; R. i. 48.;
     2 ā-sīdati samā-, (sad, c. 1), Kusha a. ing at the banks of the Sarayū kūlaṃ samāsādya kuśaḥ sarayvāḥ, R. xvi. 35.;
     3 pra-padyate (pad, c. 4), a. ed at the hermitage of Atri atrestapovanaṃ prapede, B. iv. 19.; after childhood, she a. ed at youth bālyāt paraṃ sātha vayaḥ prapede, Ku. i. 31. N. B. Observe that all these verbs take an acc. Ph.: a. ed at no conclusion nirṇayaṃ nāsasāda; the news a. ed of the assassination of his father pitṛvadhavārtā samāgatā.

ARROGANCE:
     1 auddhatyam;
     2 prāgalbhyam;
     3 utsekaḥ;
     4 avalepaḥ.

ARROGANT:
     1 uddhataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 pragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ);
     3 utsiktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     4 avaliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

ARROGANTLY:
     1 uddhatam;
     2 pragalbham;
     3 sāvalepam.

ARROGATE: *anyāyataḥ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9) or svīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8), anyāyena svasvatvaṃ khyāpayati (c. of khyā) or prakaṭayati (nomi.).

ARROGATION: *nyāyyagrahaṇam; anyāyyasvīkāraḥ; anyāyena svasvatvakhyāpanam.

ARROW:
     1 śaraḥ;
     2 bāṇaḥ;
     3 iṣuḥ;
     4 sāyakaḥ or śāyakaḥ;
     5 mārgaṇaḥ;
     6 śilīmukhaḥ;
     7 āśugaḥ;
     8 patrī;
     9 pṛṣatkaḥ;
     10 viśikhaḥ A shower of a. s śaravarṣaḥ. To discharge, shoot a. s śaraṃ nirasyati (as, c. 4), kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6), Ki.

ARROW-HEAD:
     1 phalam,
     2 śalyam;
     3 bāṇāgram.

ARROW-HEADED: *phalākāraḥ (rā raṃ), a. characters, *phalākārāvarṇāḥ.

ARROW-ROOT: khādyopayogī dravyaviśeṣaḥ.

ARROWY:
     I Of arrows: śara- (in comp.) a. shower śaravarṣaḥ.
     II Crooked like an arrow: kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Crooked.

ARSENAL:
     1 āyudhāgāram;
     2 śastragṛham.

ARSENIC: manaḥśilā (=red a.).

ARSON:
     1 āgāradāhaḥ;
     2 gṛhadāhaḥ.

ART:
     I As opposed to nature: śilpam.
     II As opposed to science: kalā, in the a. s of dancing, singing, playing, and acting nṛtyagītavādyanāṭyakalāsu, D. ii. Ph. the industrial a. s śilpavidyā; the fine a. s saṅgītādi-kalā (?) or *śreṣṭhakalāḥ (f. pl.).
     III Skill, dexterity: q. v.: kauśalam.
     IV Cunning, artifice: q. v. chalam.

ARTERIAL; expr. by the gen. of words given under artery.

ARTERY:
     1 raktavāhinī nāḍiḥ;
     2 raktavahā śirā.

ARTFUL: caturaḥ (rā raṃ), Ku. iv. 20.: v. Cunning, crafty.

ARTFULLY:
     1 nipuṇam;
     2 kauśalena. v. Cunningly, ingeniously, craftily.

ARTFULNESS:
     1 cāturyam;
     2 cāturī: v. Cunning, ingenuity.

ARTICHOKE: śākaviśeṣaḥ.

ARTICLE (subs.):
     I A part of speech: viśeṣyasvabhāvanirūpakāvyayaśabdaḥ.
     II A commodity or substance: q. v. dravyam.
     III A Clause in a contract etc.: prakaraṇam (?). Ph. we enter into this a. to remove this doubt etāmāśaṅkāṃ nivartayitumidamadhikaraṇamārabhyate, S. iii. 34.; the a. about Harisha Chandra was very good, *harīśacandraviṣayakaḥ prabandho'tyuttama āsīt; the a. s of war *sainikaniyamāvaliḥ.
     IV A distinct part:
     1 aṃśaḥ (=part);
     2 viṣayaḥ (= subject). V. Moment:
     1 kṣaṇaḥ;
     2 samayaḥ.

ARTICLE (v. t.): *niyamapatreṇa badhnāti (badhn, c. 9.), an a. d clerk *niyamabaddhaḥ lekhakaḥ.

ARTICULAR: sandhigataḥ (tā taṃ), a. disease sandhigatarogaḥ, Sr.

ARTICULATE (adj.):
     1 spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ): v. Distinct.

ARTICULATE (v. t.)
     I To utter distinctly: sphuṭaṃ or spaṣṭam uccārayati (c. of car), udīrayati (īr, c. 10.), etc.
     II To joint: saṃdadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

ARTICULATION:
     I Of words: Ph. distinct a. spaṣṭatā varṇoccāraṇe K. II Of bones: sandhiḥ: v. Joint.

ARTIFICE:
     1 upāyaḥ:
     2 chalaṃ;
     3 upādhiḥ, women are originators of all a. s striyaścopādhīnāmudbhavakṣetram, D. N. B.
     2 and
     3 always in the bad sense: v. Stratagem.

ARTIFICER:
     I An artisan: q. v. śilpī.
     II A maker, contriver: q. v.: kartā.

ARTIFICIAL:
     I Made by art: kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ), herds of a. young elephants kṛtrimakarikalabhayūthāni, K. Ph. sometimes over a. hills kadācit krīḍāparvateṣu, K. a. lake kelipalvalam, N.; a. clouds māyāmeghamālāḥ, K. II. Feigned, fictitious: q. v.: kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ).
     III Ingenious. skilul: q. v.

ARTILLERY:
     I Weapons in general: astrāṇi (n. pl.).
     II Cannon with all that appertains to them: *kāmānāni or (when the meaning is not clear) sopakaraṇakāmānāni (n. pl.).
     III The troops who manage cannon etc.: *kāmānabalam.

ARTISAN:
     1 śilpin (m.);
     2 śilpakāraḥ;
     3 kāruḥ or kārukaḥ;
     4 karmakāraḥ. The workshop of an a. śilpaśālā or śilpiśālā. The business of an a. śilpakarman (n.).

ARTIST:
     I An artisan: q. v.
     II A painter: q. v. citrakaraḥ.

ARTISTIC: vicitraḥ (trā traṃ) (?): v. Ingenious.

ARTLESS:
     I Simple, frank, guileless: q. v.;
     1 amāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 ṛju (mfn.).
     II Contrived without art:
     1 nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ) (=devoid of taste);
     2 alaṅkārahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (=unadorned).

ARTLESSLY: i. e. Simply, frankly: q. v.:
     1 māyāṃ vinā;
     2 akapaṭena;
     3 ārjavena.

ARTLESSNESS:
     1 amāyitā;
     2 saralatā;
     3 ārjavam: v. Simplicity.

AS:
     I As a particle of comparison:
     1 vat affixed, (he who looks on) other's wives as mothers, on other's things as clods mātṛvat paradāreṣu paradravyeṣu loṣṭravat, H. i.; as before pūrvavat;
     2 yathā (either in comp. to expr. sim. comparison, or with tathā or evaṃ to expr. as......so...... also to introduce illustrations): as ordered yathānideśaṃ; as prescribed yathāvidhi; as before yathāpurā, Sa. vi.; as eating is inferred from nourishment or country from its language, so is knowable inferred from knowledge, yathā puṣṭayā bhojanamanumīyate yathā ca bhāṣayā deśaḥ tathā jñānākāreṇa jñeyamanumeyam. D. s. (see also R. iii. 23 and notice the repetition of yathā in such cases); as animals attempt to fly away when they see men with sticks, so.... yathā paśvādayaḥ daṇḍodyatakaraṃ purūṣamabhimukhamupalabhya palāyitumārabhante evaṃ.. S. i. p.; as for instance, fire is inferred from smoke yathā dhūmenāgniriti, N. d. As for instance: sometimes expr. by tathāhiḥ he, as a rule, enjoyed the pleasures of youth as for instance, sometimes roamed over artificial mountains, sometimes walked through summer houses sa prāyaśo yauvanasukhamanubabhūva tathāhi kadācit krīḍāparvateṣu vicacāra kadācillatāgṛheṣu babhrāma, K. II. While: expr. by the pres. part: as he went, he thought vrajaṃśca samarthayāmāsa, K. III. Since, in as much as: q. v.:
     1 by the abl. and when the subs. ends in or ā by the ins.: as the motion of the vessels (at sea) depends on wind vātādhīnapotagamanatvāt, K. b.; as there was much political work rājakāryasya bahulatayā Sa. vi.;
     2 yataḥ...tataḥ.. Miscell: as long as one lives yāvajjīvaṃ; as far as the ocean ā samudrāt; as high as the knee jānudaghnaḥ (ghnā ghnaṃ); as yet adyāpi. N. B. as, when it connects two subs. s in apposition is expr. by bhūtvā or kṛtvā: I will remain as your queen tava mahiṣī bhūtvā tiṣṭhāmi; sent me to you as his agent māṃ pratinidhiṃ kṛtvā tvatsakāśaṃ prerayāmāsa.

AS BEING: Expr. By the ins. of subs. s in or by the abl. in other cases: a. few alpatayā; a. a child bālatayā; a. weak daurbalyāt; a. wonderful adbhutatvāt.

AS IF: iva (always after the word it governs): passed the night as if in a moment kṣaṇādiva kṣaṇadāṃ kṣapitavatī, K.; as if painted, as if engraved, as if paralyzed likhitamivotkīrṇamiva stambhitamiva, K.; as if from hell to heaven narakādiva svargam, D.

AS FOLLOWS: iti (at the end of the quotation, which is placed first in Sanskrit). see R. iii. 47., Ku. iv. 43. Ph.: began to speak as follows vaktumitthamupacakrame vacaḥ, K. xiii. 36.; Bachaspati spoke a. vācaspatiravācedaṃ, Ku. ii. 30.

AS FOR, AS TO: viṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) or viṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) in comp.: as for his valour, I will not say a word tasya śauryaviṣayaṃ na kiñcid vadāmi.

AS SOON AS:
     1 by a comp. adj. with mātraḥ (trā traṃ), he who does not put down an enemy or a disease a. it appears jātamātraṃ na yaḥ śatruṃ rogaṃ ca praśamaṃ nayet, P. i. 8.;
     2 yadā...tadaiva. Ph.: a. I spoke madvacanāntarameva, K.

AS WELL AS: ca......caḥ anointed with nectar a. poison digdho'mṛtena ca viṣeṇa ca, Ma. i.; as a mother a. as a father mātā ca pitā ca bhūtvā D. v.

ASAFOETIDA:
     1 hiṅgu (n.);
     2 jatukam, A.;
     3 vāhlīkam, A.

ASCARIDES: A disease: kṛmirogaḥ.

ASCEND (v. i.): ārohati (with acc.): v. To mount, rise.

ASCEND (v. t.): ā-rohati adhi-, (ruha, c. 1.): v. To mount.

ASCENDANT: prabhutvam: v. Superiority. To be in the a.: jayati (ji, c. 1.) (=to flourish) (only when it conveys the idea of flourishing).

ASCENDANCY: prabhutvam: v. Authority, influence. Ph: Chandrapālita, by various amusements, gained complete a. over Bihārabhadra candrapālito vivighābhiḥ krīḍābhirvihārabhadramātmasādakarot, D. viii.

ASCENSION: v. Ascent. A. -day: *kṛṣṭasya svargārohaṇaparvan (n.).

ASCENT:
     I The act of ascending:
     1 ārohaḥ;
     2 ārohaṇam;
     3 adhirohaṇam.
     II The way of ascending:
     1 ārohamārgaḥ;
     2 ārohaṇapathaḥ.
     III Inclination, slope: the road has an a. of one foot per hundred. *pratiśatapādamekapādonnato mārgaḥ.

ASCERTAIN:
     I To find out:
     1 jānāti pari-, (jñā, c. 9), a. what is the time now jñāyatāṃ kā velā vartata iti, Mu. v.;
     2 nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.), I will follow him and a. what it is tadanu gatvā kimetaditi nirūpayāmi, H. iii.;
     3 niścinoti (ci, c. 5.). a. ing that the remaining one was the king niścitya śeṣaṃ tamasau nareśaṃ, N. xiv. 14.:
     4 nirṇayati (, c. 1.), to a. this, we begin the second and the third part tannirṇayāya dvitīyatṛtīyau pādāvārabhyete, S. ii. p.;
     5 nirdhārayati (c. of dhṛ), when a thing is a. ed by letter nirdhārite'rthe lekhena, Si. ii. 70.
     II To make certain: sthirīkaroti: v. Certain.
     III To assure: q. v.

ASCERTAINABLE:
     1 nirṇeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 nirūpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 nirdhāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ).

ASCERTAINMENT:
     1 nirūpaṇam;
     2 nirṇayaḥ;
     3 nirdhāraṇam.

ASCETIC:
     1 yatiḥ;
     2 yogī;
     3 vairāgī;
     4 saṃnyāsī;
     5 tapasvī;
     6 tāpasaḥ.

ASCETICISM:
     1 vairāgyam;
     2 saṃnyāsaḥ.

ASCITES: i. e. Dropsy of the peritoneum: udarī.

ASCRIBABLE:
     1 āropaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 adhyāropaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

ASCRIBE:
     I To refer to as an attribute: ā-ropayati adhyā-, (c. of ruh), to whom divine nature has been falsely a. d adhyāropitavitathadevatānubhāvaḥ, D. i.;
     II To refer to, as an effect: expr. by circumlo.: common people a. every thing to fate daivāyattaṃ sarvamiti prākṛtā vadanti; the citizens a. ed his cure to the power of the charm *mantrabalenāsāvārogyaṃ lebha iti paurairadhigatam. N. B. When the cause is a person, āropayati may be used: they a. ed to me the success of the day taddivasasya jayaṃ mayyāropayāmāsuḥ.

ASCRIPTION:
     1 āropaṇam;
     2 adhyāropaṇam;
     3 better by verb: v. To ascribe.

ASH: a tree: vanyavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

ASH-WHITE:
     1 bhasmadhavalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bhūtisitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ASHAMED:
     1 lajjitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 hvītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vrīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 trapāyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     5 hrīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ). To make a. hrepayati (c. of hrī), v. To shame.

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ASHAMED, FEEL:
     1 lajjate (lajj, c. 6.);
     2 jihreti (hrī, c. 3.);
     3 vrīḍām eti (i, c. 2.). Si. xiv. 2.;
     4 trapate (trap, c. 1.) (rare);
     5 hriṇīyate (rare) B. iii. 38.

ASHES:
     1 bhasman (n.), reduced Madana to a. bhasmāvaśeṣaṃ madanaṃ cakāra, Ku. iii. 72. To reduce to a. bhasmīkaroti bhasmasāt karoti. To be reduced to a. bhasmībhavati;
     2 bhūtiḥ vi-, A.

ASHORE:
     I On to the shore: tīraṃ; taṭam.
     II On the shore: tīre; taṭe; uttīras.

ASH-WEDNESDAY: kṛṣṭīyaparvabhedaḥ.

ASHY: bhāsmanaḥ (nī naṃ).

ASIDE: v. Apart. (to speak), a. (to any one):
     1 apavārya;
     2 janāntikam;
     3 vijane.

ASININE:
     1 by comp.;
     2 gardamīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Also stupid.

ASK:
     I To interrogate, enquire:
     1 pṛcchati pari- saṃ-, (pracch, c. 6.) (with double acc.), a. ed her attendants why she was weeping bāṣpahetumasyāḥ parijanamapṛcchat, K.;
     2 anu-yunakti (yuj, c. 7.), the king a. ed the priest anvayuṃkta gurumīśvaraḥ kṣiteḥ, R. xi. 62.;
     3 jijñāsate. v. To enquire. N. B. The sense of this verb is often expr. by vadati abhidadhāti, etc. (=to speak): the king a. ed her why she was weeping and why she was not bedecked bhūmipālastāmavādīt devi kimartha rudyate kimarthaṃ ca nālaṅkṛ tāsi, K. Ph. may I a. who you are kāṃ punaratrabhavatīmavagacchāmi, U. ii.
     II To request, beg:
     1 yācati -te (yāc, c. 1), a. ed her for drink (tām) ayācata ca pānīyam, D. vi.;
     2 arthayate pra- abhi-, (arth, c. 10), let me a. this stag for news about my darling imaṃ tāvat priyāpravṛttaye sāraṅgamāsīnamamyarthaye, V. iv.;
     3 vṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), a. ed for Rāma's banishment vavāra rāmasya vanaprayāṇam, B. iii. 6.;
     4 nāthati -te (nāth c. 1.) (rare), why don't you a. the mountain king nāthase kimu patiṃ na bhūbhṛtaḥ, Ki. xiii. 59. N. B. All these take two acc. s, one of person and one of object a. ed.

ASKANCE:
     1 sāci;
     2 tiryak;
     3 tiraścīnam.

ASKER:
     I An en quirer: praṣṭā.
     II A petitioner;
     1 yācakaḥ;
     2 prārthakaḥ.

ASLANT:
     1 tiryak;
     2 tiraścīnam: v. Obliquely.

ASLEEP:
     1 suptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ): fast a. prasuptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ) whether apparently or really a. kiṃ lakṣyasuptamuta paramārthasuptam, Mr. iii.;
     2 nidritaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 śayitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ASLEEP, TO FALL: nidrāṃ yāti (, c. 2.), K.: v. Sleep, go to.

ASP: ativiṣāluḥ kṣudrasarpabhedaḥ.

ASPARAGUS: śatamūlī (a. racemosus).

ASPECT:
     I Vision, glance: q. v. dṛṣṭiḥ.
     II Countenance, mien: q. v. ākāraḥ.
     III Position: Ph. the house has a southern a. *dakṣiṇamukhaṃ gṛhaṃ.
     IV State of affairs:
     1 avasthā;
     2 daśā. V. Of planets at birth: daśā.

ASPEN: *paplārajātīyavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

ASPERITY: raukṣyam: v. Roughness, severity, moroseness.

ASPERSE: ā-kṣipati adhi-, (kṣip, c. 6.): v. Slander.

ASPERSION:
     1 ākṣepaḥ;
     2 athikṣepaḥ: v. Slander.

ASPHALT: śilājatu (=bitumen); *tāraḥ.

ASPIRANT:
     1 ākāṅkṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 prārthin (f. );
     3 abhilāṣukaḥ (f. ).

ASPIRATE (subs.):
     I An aspirated sound: mahāprāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) or mahāprāṇavarṇaḥ.
     II The mark, mahāprāṇasūcakaṃ cihram.

ASPIRATE (v. i.): mahāprāṇaṃ dattā uccārayati (c. of car (?).

ASPIRATION:
     1 ākāṅkṣā;
     2 spṛhā;
     3 lālasā.

ASPIRE:
     1 ā-āṅkṣati abhi-, (kāṅkṣ, c. 1.);
     2 īpsati (desi. of āpa);
     3 spṛhayati (spṛh, c. 10);
     4 prārthayate (arth, c. 10). R. i. 3.

ASPIRING AFTER (as adj.); v. Aspirant.

ASQUINT:
     1 sāci;
     2 tiryak;
     3 vakram.

ASS:
     1 gardabhaḥ;
     2 rāsabhaḥ;
     3 kharaḥ;
     4 cakrīvān. Fig.: a stupid person: gardabhaḥ.

ASSAIL: abhi-krābhati ā-, (kram, c. 1.): v. To attack.

ASSAILABLE: ākramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Any a. point
     1 randhram;
     2 chidram.

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ASSAILANT:
     1 abhiyoktā;
     2 ākrāmakaḥ;
     3 amikrāmakaḥ.

ASSASSIN:
     1 ghātakaḥ;
     2 caṇḍālaḥ or mātaṅgaḥ (the a. class under the Hindoo Kings.).

ASSASSINATE:
     1 ghātayati (c. of han), or mārayati (c. of mṛ), or vadhaṃ or hatyāṃ karoti (with gen.) (=to kill, murder);
     2 upāṃśu or nibhṛtaṃ or gopanena vadhaṃ karoti etc. (=to kill by secret assault);
     3 avaskandya vadhaṃ karoti or ghātayati (=to kill by surprise).

ASSASSINATION:
     1 vadhaḥ (=murder, q. v.);
     2 upāṃśu-vadhaḥ (=murder by secret assault), Mu. ii.;
     3 *sāvaskandahatyā (=killing by surprise)

ASSAULT (subs.): ākramaṇam: v. Attack.

ASSAULT (v. t.): ā-krāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To attack.

ASSAULTER: v. Assailant.

ASSAY (subs.): parīkṣā. A. of coin: nāṇakaparīkṣā, Mr. Stand for Mricchaktikans.

ASSAY (v.):
     I Trans: parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     II Intrans: yatate (yat, c. 1.): v. To endeavour.

ASSAYER, ASSAY-MASTER:
     1 dhātuparīkṣakaḥ;
     2 nāṇakaparīkṣakaḥ (of coins).

ASSEMBLAGE:
     1 samūhaḥ;
     2 saṅghātaḥ;
     3 samāhāraḥ;
     4 samuccayaḥ;
     5 sannipātaḥ;
     6 samavāyaḥ;
     7 samudayaḥ;
     8 saṃhatiḥ;
     9 trātaḥ;
     10 nikaraḥ;
     11 by a deriv., an a. of Kshatriyas rājanyakam; an a. of peacocks māyūram; an a. of men janatā; an a. of horses aśvīyam.

ASSEMBLE (v. i.):
     1 saṃ-gacchati samā-, (gam, c. 1.) the towns-people a. d samāgamannāgarajanāḥ, D. ii.;
     2 samā-eti samabhi-, (i, c. 2.);
     3 saṃmilati (mil, c. 6.), M. n.

ASSEMBLE (v. t.):
     1 saṃgamayati (c. of gam);
     2 melayati saṃ-, (c. of mil), M. n.;
     3 samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.), who a. d the kings samāhṛtarājalokam, R. v. 64;
     4 sanni-pātayati (c. of pat), a. ing the citizens sannipātya puraukasaḥ, R. xv. 75.

ASSEMBLY:
     1 sabhā;
     2 sadas (n.);
     3 samājaḥ;
     4 samajyā;
     5 saṃsad (f.);
     6 pariṣad (f.);
     7 goṣṭī. A. room
     1 sabhāgāram;
     2 sadogṛham;
     3 indrakam.

ASSENT (subs.):
     1 sammatiḥ; to obtain your a. tava sammatimadhigantuṃ N. ii. 48.;
     2 svīkāraḥ (=acceptance: q. v.);
     3 anumatiḥ (=permission, a. of a superior).

ASSENT (v. i.):
     1 sammataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. 1.);
     2 abhyupaiti (i, c. 2.) or abhyupagacchati (gam, c. 1.) (with acc.) he is sure to a. to this also tadapyavaśyamasāvabhyupeṣyati D. ii.;
     4 svīkaroti (=to accept: q. v.);
     4 anu-manyate (man, c. 4.) (rare in this sense), I a. ed to my father's proposal, tātasya matamanvamaṃsi, D. iv.

ASSENTATION: anumodanam: v. Compliance.

ASSENTINGLY: Ph.: raised his hand a. *sammatisūcakaṃ svahastottolanaṃ cakāra.

ASSERT: To affirm positively:
     1 prati-jānīte (jñā, c. 9.), if he were to a. that the duties of castes and religious orders were as unsettled in former times as at present idānīmiva ca kālāntarepyavyavasthitaprāyān varṇāśramadharmān pratijānīta, S. iii. 33.;
     2 bravīti (brū, c. 2.), vadati (vad, c. 1.), or vakti (vac, c. 2.) (=to say, but used in the sense of a. ing), S.;
     3 pratipādayati (c. of pad) (=to establish), which a. that its nature is not earthly and deny that its nature is earthly, asaṃsārisvarūpapratipādanāḥ saṃsārisvarūpapratiṣedhanāśca, S. iii. 43.
     II To maintain, claim, vindicate: q. v.

ASSERTION:
     I A positive statement:
     1 vacanam;
     2 vādaḥ;
     3 uktiḥ.
     II Maintenance, vindication, claim: q. v.

ASSERTOR:
     I One who asserts: vādin (f. ).
     II A maintainer: q. v.

ASSESS:
     I To tax: karaṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.) or avadhārayati or nirdhārayati (dhṛ, c. 1.).
     II To value: q. v. Ph. to a. damages kṣatiṃ nirūpayati or nirdhārayati.

ASSESSMENT:
     I A valuation: *karanirūpaṇam or -nirdhāraṇam.
     II A tax: q. v.: karaḥ.
     III Of damages: *kṣatinirūpaṇam or -nirdhāraṇam.

ASSESSOR:
     I Of tax: *karanirdhārakaḥ.
     II Of a judge: sahāyaḥ (?).

ASSETS: sampattiḥ (property).

ASSEVERATE: prati-jānīte (ñjā, c. 9.): To affirm, assert.

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ASSEVERATION: pratiñjā: v. Affirmation.

ASSIDUITY:
     1 adhyavasāyaḥ;
     2 udyogaḥ;
     3 abhiyogaḥ: v. Diligence.

ASSIDUOUS:
     1 adhyavasāyin (f. );
     2 udyogin (f. );
     3 abhiyogavat (f. ): v. Diligent.

ASSIDUOUSLY: v. Diligently.

ASSIGN:
     I To appoint, allot:
     1 diśati nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.);
     2 kalpayati upa- pra-, (kḷp, c. 10.) and should a. lands for his maintenance bhūmyantarañca tadvṛttyarthamupakalpayet, K. b.
     II To allege: q. v.: nirdiśati.
     III To transfer property: samarpayati (c. of ): v. To bequeath.

ASSIGNATION:
     I Assignment: q. v.
     II An engagement: saṅketaḥ. A lady going to an a. abhisārikā.

ASSIGNEE: yasmai sampattiḥ samarpyate saḥ.

ASSIGNMENT:
     1 dānam;
     2 samarpaṇam: v. To assign, allotment.

ASSIMILATE:
     I To make like: sadṛśīkaroti: v. Like.
     II To convert into blood: v. To digest.

ASSIMILATION:
     I A making like: sadṛśīkaraṇam.
     II Of food: pākaḥ: v. Digestion.

ASSIST:
     1 sāhāyyaṃ or sāhāyyakaṃ or sāhāyakaṃ karoti (with gen.), Sir, a. me in trouble kliṣṭasya me kriyatāmarthasāhāyyakam, D. viii;
     2 upakaroti. (=do good in general).

ASSISTANCE:
     1 sāhāyyam;
     2 sāhāyakam;
     3 sāhāyyakam;
     4 upakāraḥ (=good in general).

ASSISTANT, ASSISTER:
     1 sahāyaḥ;
     2 sāhāyyakārī.

ASSIZE:
     I A court of justice: vicārasabhā (?).
     II Fixing the price of commodities: arthasaṃsthāpanam, the a. rate saṃsthāpitamūlyam.

ASSOCIATE (v. t.):
     1 saṃ-yojayati or yunakti (yuj c. 10 and 7.);
     2 saṅgamayati (c. of gam);
     3 saṃśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ);
     4 sambandhayati (c. of bandh).

ASSOCIATE, WITH: saṃsargaṃ karoti or vrajati or saṃsṛjati (sṛj, c. 8.) (rare) (with ins. or ins. and saha): Ph. leave off a. ing with bad men asatsaṅgaṃ parihara; a. ion with lewd women saṃsargaḥ saha puṃścalīmiḥ; by a. ing with inferior men hīnaiḥ saha samāgamāt; a. ing with the fallen patitena sahācaran.

ASSOCIATE (subs.):
     I A friend, companion : q. v.: vayasyaḥ (syā syaṃ)
     II A partner, confederate: q. v.: saṅgin (f. ).

ASSOCIATE (adj.): Ph. a. judge *vicārapateḥ sahakārī.

ASSOCIATION:
     I Between men: saṃsargaḥ.
     II A company, society: q. v.
     1 sabhā;
     2 samājaḥ.
     III Connection: q. v:

ASSONANCE: v. Harmony, rhyme.

ASSORT (v.):
     I Trans.: v. To arrange, classify.
     II Intrans.: v. To suit, fit.

ASSORTMENT: vinyāsaḥ: v. Arrangement, classification.

ASSUAGE: śamayati (c. of śam): v. To alleviate, appease.

ASSUAGEMENT: praśamanam: v. Alleviation, mitigation.

ASSUME:
     I To take:
     1 gṛhṇāti, she a. d this red dress kāṣāye gṛhīte, Mal.;
     2 dhārayati or dhriyate (dhṛ, c. 10. and 6.) you who a. d the form of the dwarf dhṛtavāmanarūpa, Gi. i. 9.;
     3 bibhrati (bhṛ, c. 3.), Si. xiv. 86.
     II To arrogate: q. v.
     III To take for granted: pramitaḥ (tā taṃ) or siddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To suppose.

ASSUMING (adj.):
     1 ahaṅkārin (f. ṇī);
     2 avaliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ): v. Haughty.

ASSUMPTION:
     I The act of taking:
     1 grahaṇam;
     2 dhāraṇam.
     II Arrogation: q. v.
     III A taking for granted: Ph. on the a. that the earth is fixed, you... pṛthivīṃ sthirāmmanyamānastvaṃ: v. Supposition.
     IV The thing supposed: kalpanā.

ASSURANCE:
     I The act of assuring: v. To assure, affirmation.
     II Confidence: q. v.
     III Intrepidity: q. v.
     IV Impudence: q. v. v. Insurance: q. v. prāgalbhyam.

ASSURE:
     I To make sure:
     1 pratyāyayati (c. of i) (?);
     2 viśvāsayati (c. of śvas) (?).
     II To confirm: q. v.
     III To insure: q. v. Ph.; I feel a. d that he is alive *sa jīvatītiniścitaṃ me pratibhāti or sim. nūnaṃ sa jīvati.

ASSURED (adj.):
     1 niśicataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 asandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ): v. Certain.

ASSUREDLY:
     1 niścitam;
     2 nṛnam;
     3 asaṃśayam: v. Certainly.

ASTERISK: *tārā; tārākṛticihnaviśeṣaḥ.

ASTERN: (nāvaḥ) paścādbhāge or paścādbhāgaṃ prati.

ASTEROID: *upagrahaḥ; bṛhaspatimaṅgalayormadhyavartī kṣudragrahasamūhaḥ.

ASTHMA: śvāsaḥ, Śr.; śvāsarogaḥ; tamakaḥ (?), Śr.

ASTHMATIC:
     1 śvāsarogin (f. ṇī);
     2 tamakapīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?), Śr.

ASTONISH:
     1 vismāyayati R. II. 33.;
     2 vismayaṃ janayati (with gen.);
     3 camatkaroti.

ASTONISHED:
     1 vismitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 savismayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 vismayānvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 vismayākulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     5 camatkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

ASTONISHED, BE or FEEL:
     1 vismayate (smi, c. 1.), Ki. xii. 5.;
     2 vismayamāpadyate (pad, c. 4.);
     3 vismayavaśaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.).

ASTONISHING (adj.):
     1 vismayakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vismayajananaḥ (nī naṃ);
     3 adbhutaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 āścaryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ);
     5 vicitraḥ (trā traṃ).

ASTONISHMENT: vismayaḥ, with a. savismayam: v. Wonder.

ASTOUND:
     1 vi-mohayati saṃ-, (c. of muh);
     2 jaḍīkaroti: v. To astonish.

ASTOUNDED:
     1 camatkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vimohitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ASTRAY: Ph. one who goes a.:
     1 unmārgagāmin (f. );
     2 utpathagāmin (f. ).

ASTRAY, LEAD: unmārgam or kupathe nayati (, c. 1).

ASTRIDE: *ubhayato jaṃghe kṣiptvā.

ASTRINGENCY:
     1 kaṣāyam;
     2 raukṣyam:
     3 tuvaram (very rare).

ASTRINGENT (adj.):
     1 kaṣāyaḥ (yā yaṃ); rūkṣa (kṣā kṣaṃ);
     3 tuvaraḥ (rī raṃ) (rare).

ASTRINGENT (subs.): kaṣāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 rūkṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ).

ASTROLOGER:
     1 gaṇakaḥ;
     2 daivajñaḥ;
     3 kārtāntikaḥ;
     4 mauhūrtaḥ (rare).

ASTROLOGICAL:
     1 jyotiṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ) (also = astronomical);
     3 daivajñaśāstra in comp. (?) a. erudition daivajñaśāstrapāṇḍityam (?).

ASTROLOGY:
     1 jyotiṣam (including astronomy);
     2 daivajñaśāstram (?) (as proposed to astronomy).

ASTRONOMER:
     1 jyotirvid (m.);
     2 jyautiṣikaḥ;
     3 jyotiḥśāstrajñaḥ;
     4 grahagaṇitapaṇḍitaḥ;
     5 khagolavidyāvid (m.)

ASTRONOMICAL:
     1 jyotiṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ);
     2 grahagaṇitaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ASTRONOMY:
     1 jyotiṣam;
     2 jyotiḥśāstram;
     3 grahagaṇitam, K.;
     4 khagolavidyā.

ASTUTE: vidagdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ): v. Shrewd, penetrating.

ASUNDER: pṛthak: Ph. burst a. vidīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ).

ASYLUM: āśramaḥ: a. for travellers pathikāśramaḥ.

ASYMPTOTE: *asparśarekhā.

AT:
     I Of place: by loc.: who is at the door ko'yaṃ dvāri tiṣṭhati, Mu. ii.
     II Of time: by loc.: at midnight arddharātre.
     III Of price: by ins.: at what price have you bought this book kiyatā mūlyenaitat pustakaṃ gṛhītam, P. ii. 4.
     IV Denoting reason, occasion etc.: by ins.: at Rāma's command rāmājñayā, R.: v. By, on. Ph.: at all manāgapi; at present adhunā; at first prathamam; at least antatas; they are all at play sarve krīḍanti; while the French and the Germans were at war *yudhyamānayoḥ pharāsijarmānajātyoḥ.

ATHEISM:
     1 nāstikyam;
     2 nirīśvaravādaḥ (=denial of the existence of God.)

ATHEIST:
     1 nāstikaḥ;
     2 nirīśvaraḥ.

ATHEISTIC, ATHEISTICAL:
     1 nāstika- (in comp.);
     2 nirīśvaraḥ (rā raṃ): with a. doctrines nirīśvareṇa vādena. P. p.

ATHIRST:
     1 tṛṣitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 pipāsu (mfn.): v. Thirsty.

ATHLETE:
     1 mallaḥ;
     2 bhkallaḥ (rare);
     3 vyāyāmakuśalaḥ (?).

ATHLETIC: v. Strong, robust, Ph.: a. exercise: vyāyāmaḥ.

ATHWART: v. Across.

ATLAS: *mānacitrakāvaliḥ; mānacitrakasaṃgrahaḥ.

ATMOSPHERE: vāyuḥ: v. Air (I) and (II).

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ATMOSPHERIC:
     1 vāyavaḥ (vī vaṃ);
     2 vāyavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ).

ATOM:
     1 paramāṇuḥ;
     2 aṇuḥ.

ATOMIC: Ph.: the a. theory paramāṇuvādaḥ.

ATONE:
     I To expiate: q. v.: prāyaścittaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.) or carati (car, c. 1.).
     II To make amends: pariśodhayati (c. of śudh) (?).

ATONEMENT:
     I Agreement, reconciliation: q. v.
     II Expiation: q. v. prāyaścittaḥ. To make a. for pariśodhayati (?)

ATONY:
     1 nistejatā (?);
     2 nirvīryatā (?).

ATROCIOUS:
     1 bībhatsaḥ (tsā tsaṃ), you great sinner, doer of impure, disgustful, a. deeds mahāpātakin aśiṣṭavikṛtaceṣṭa bīmatsakarman. Vi. iii. v. Loathsome;
     2 vikṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) v. Disgustful;
     3 pāpiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ). v. Sinful;
     4 nṛśaṃsaḥ (sā saṃ). v. Cruel, Ph. a. crime ghorapātakaḥ.

ATROCIOUSNESS:
     1 bībhatsatā;
     2 vikṛtatā;
     3 nṛśaṃsatā. Better expr. by atrocious.

ATROCITY:
     I Atrociousness: q. v.
     II An atrocious deed: bībhatsakarman; vikṛtaceṣṭitam; etc. v. Atrocious.

ATROPHY: śarīraśoṣaṇam (?).

ATTACH:
     I To fasten, lit. and fig.:
     1 āsañjayati (c. of sañj);
     2 saṃśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ);
     3 lagayati (c. of lag) ?.
     II To a. one's property *krokaṃ karoti. (with gen.): v. Also to arrest.

ATTACHED: āsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ). To be a. āsajyate.

ATTACHMENT (subs.):
     I Connexion, contact: q. v.
     II Affection, devotion:
     1 āsaktiḥ;
     2 prasaktiḥ;
     3 saṅgaḥ;
     4 āsaṅgaḥ. N. B. All these words cons. with the loc.
     III In law: a. of property *krokaḥ.

ATTACK (subs):
     1 ākramaḥ;
     2 ākramaṇam;
     3 abhikramaḥ;
     4 abhiyogaḥ;
     5 abhigrahaḥ;
     6 avaskandaḥ or avaskandanam (=storming). A. of any disease: ākramaḥ -ṇam.

ATTACK (v. t.);
     I Of physical force:
     1 ā-krāmati or krāmyati abhi-, (kram, c. i. and 4);
     2 abhiyunakti or yojayati (yuj c. 7. and 10.), Anantavarmā raised an army to a. him anantavarmā tamamiyoktuṃ balasamutthānamakarot, D. viii.;
     3 ava-skandati (skand, c. 1.) (=to fall upon), Mādhavasena coming to me was, in the way, a. ed and seized by your Antapāla mādhavaseno mamopāntikamupasarpannantarā tvadīyenāntapālenāvaskandya gṛhītaḥ, Mal. i. To a. in defence:
     1 pratyamiyunakti;
     2 pratigṛhvāti (graha c. 9.), a. ed the opposite army pratibalaṃ pratijagrāha, D. i.;
     3 pratiyudhyate (yudh, c. 4.). v. To fight.
     II To assail with words:
     1 ākrāmati;
     2 avaskandayati (skand c. 10.), Vi. iii.;
     3 ā-hanti abhi- parā-, (han, c. 2.), a. ed by his haughty words vacaubhiruddhataiḥ parāhataḥ, Ki. xiv. 1.
     III To a. an opinion etc.:
     1 parāmarṣati (mṛṣ, c. 1.);
     2 pratyavatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.) (with loc.) (=to stand up against).
     IV Of disease:
     1 ākrāmati, a. ed with fever jvarākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     2 carati (car, c. 1.), O fever, listen to me how you would a. men śṛṇuṣva jvara sandeśaṃ yathā loke cariṣyasi.

ATTAIN (v. t.):
     1 adhi-gacchati (gam, c. 1.), even after a. ing knowledge śrutamapyadhigamya, Ki. ii. 41.;
     2 ā-sīdati (sad, c. 1.), the king will a. divine form by means of charms rājā kila mantrabalena devayogyaṃ vapurāsādayiṣyati, D. iii.;
     3 prāpnoti: v. To obtain;
     4 spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6.) (=to touch), by this time would have a. ed your age iyatā kālena tavemāṃ vayovasthāmasprakṣyetāṃ, D. iii.

ATTAIN (v. i.):
     1 adhigacchati (with acc.);
     2 āsīdati (with acc.).

ATTAINABLE:
     1 labhyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ);
     2 sulabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     3 prāpyaḥ (pyā pyaṃ)
     4 adhigamyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     5 āsādanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

ATTAINDER: v. Stain. Ph.: a bill of a. *abhiyogapatram.

ATTAINMENT:
     I The act of attaining:
     1 adhigamaḥ;
     2 lābhaḥ;
     3 prāptiḥ;
     4 avāptiḥ. By the a. of: expr. by the part. of the verb 'to attain'. For the a. of: expr. by the inf. of the verb 'to attain'.
     II Of knowledge:
     1 vyutpattiḥ;
     2 pāradarśitā, of great mathematical a. s gaṇitaśāstrasya pāradarśī.

ATTAINT:
     I To stain: q. v.
     II Leg t. t.: a. ed of high treason rājadrohadūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

ATTEMPER: v. To temper, mitigate.

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ATTEMPT (subs.):
     1 udyamaḥ, I have resolved on an a. on his life baddho vadhāyodyamaḥ, Vi. v.;
     2 yatnaḥ prayatnaḥ (=effort), I fancy the a. of Dāruvarmā has been unsuccessful aphalaṃ dāruvarmaṇaḥ prayatnamavagacchāmi, Mu. iii.;
     3 ārambhaḥ (=beginning), with success proportionate to a. s ārambhasadṛśodayaḥ, R. i. 15;
     4 ceṣṭā.

ATTEMPT (v. t.):
     I To endeavour:
     1 yatate pra-, (yat, c. 1.), which princes a. to appropriate even by misdeeds duritairapi kartumātmasāt prayatante nṛpasūnavo hi yat, R. viii. 2.;
     2 yasati or yasyati pra- (yas, c. 1 and 4). repeatedly a. ed to fly up punaḥ punaḥ prāyasadutplavāya saḥ, N. i. 125;
     3 ceṣṭate, (ceṣṭ, c. 1.) Mu. v.;
     4 ā-rabhate pra-, (rabh, c. 1.) (=to begin), low people do not a. at all from fear of obstacles prārabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nīcaiḥ, Mu. iii.;
     5 ghaṭate (ghaṭ, c. 1.) (rare) B. xii. 26.
     II To attack: q. v.

ATTEND (v. t.)
     I To attend on or upon: q. v.
     II To await, stay for: q. v. pratīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.)
     III To be present at:
     1 upa-tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (see Ki. vi. 29);
     2 saṃni-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) I a. ed it with my friend Dhanamitra ahaṃ ca saha sakhyā dhanamitreṇa tatra sannayadhiṣi, D. ii.;
     3 better by gacchati saṅgacchati or āgacchati samāgacchati, according as it means going or coming.
     IV To attend to: q. v.

ATTEND ON OR UPON:
     1 upa-tiṣṭhate paryupa- (sthā, c. 1.), returning after a. ing on the sun sūryopasthānasannivṛttaṃ, V. i.;
     2 upa-carati pari-, (car, c. 1.), a. on her with care yatnādupacaryaṃtāṃ, Sa. iii.;
     3 upa-āste (ās, c. 2.), N. xxii. 1.

ATTEND TO:
     1 śṛṇoti (śru, c. 5.) (=to listen: q. v.), a. to that (message) śṛṇu...tāṃ, R. viii. 77.; a. to me mama vacanaṃ śṛṇu;
     2 ava-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), let the superintendents also a. each to his own work sve sve karmaṇyatha samavadhattāpyadhikṛtāḥ, Vi. vii.;
     3 mano yacchati or dadāti (, c. 1. and 3.) or nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), or yunakti (yuj, c. 7.) (=to apply the mind; fix one's attention on);
     4 avekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.) (=to look after: q. v.), I have a. ed to only one civil action ekameva mayā paurakāryamavekṣitam, Sa. vi.

ATTENDANCE:
     I The act of waiting on or serving:
     1 upacāraḥ;
     2 upasthānam (rare);
     3 śuśrūṣā (=reception of a guest).
     II Presence: q. v. upasthitiḥ. Ph. there was a good a. in the meeting samāyāṃ bahavaḥ samāgaman.
     III A train, a retinue: q. v.: anuyāyivargaḥ.
     IV Attention: q. v.

ATTENDANT (subs.):
     1 anucaraḥ;
     2 anuyāyin (m.);
     3 paricaraḥ: v. Companion, servant, follower. Ph. a train of a. s:
     1 anuyāyivargaḥ;
     2 paribarhaḥ;
     3 paricchadaḥ: v. Also concomitant.

ATTENDANT (adj.):
     1 ānuṣaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 anugāmin (f. ).

ATTENDED BY: v. Accompanied by.

ATTENTION:
     I The act or state of attending:
     1 avadhānam, please lend me your a. for a moment māṃ muhūrtamavadhānadānenānugṛhvantu, Ma. ix.;
     2 manoyogaḥ;
     3 apramādaḥ or apramattatā (=carefulness);
     4 abhiniveśaḥ (=application, study);
     5 avekṣā (=looking after). Ph.: his whole a. being devoted to it ananyahṛdayatayā, K.; it engages my a. mano me badhnāti, (after R. xiii. 47.); to draw the a. of the king narapatiprabodhanārtham, K. II. Politeness, courtesy: q. v. ādaraḥ or samādaraḥ.

ATTENTION, PAY:
     1 avadhānaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), paying a. to the buzzing of bees dattāvadhānaṃ madhulehigītau B. ii. 7.;
     2 ādriyate (dṛ, c. 6.) (=to respect), the king without paying any a. (to what he said) rājā anādṛtya, Sa. vi.:
     3 āsajyate (=to devote to: q. v.): v. Attend to.

ATTENTIVE:
     I Heedful, observant:
     1 avahitaḥ (tā taṃ); dattāvadhānaḥ or kṛtāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ) (=paying attention);
     3 sāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ)
     4 samāhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     5 apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).
     II Attentive to a guest etc.:
     1 darśitādaraḥ (rā raṃ), K.;
     1 dakṣiṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (as a lover ?) V. iii.

ATTENTIVELY:
     1 avahitam;
     2 sāvadhānam;
     3 apramattam;
     4 manoyogena.

ATTENUANT (adj. and subs.): vidrāvakaḥ or vilāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

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ATTENUATE:
     1 kṛśīkaroti;
     2 tanūkaroti.

ATTENUATED:
     1 kṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 kṣīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 apacitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Thin.

ATTEST:
     I To a deed: *patrasya viśuddhipradarśanāya sākṣī bhavati or svanāma patre likhati: Ph. the will is a. ed by three witnesses *asyecchāpatrasya viśuddhipradarśakāstrayaḥ sākṣiṇaḥ santi.
     II To manifest: q. v.:
     1 prakaṭīkaroti;
     2 vyanakti (añj, c. 7.).

ATTESTATION:
     I Verbal: sākṣyam.
     II Written: Ph. the a. s of the will are all forged *icchāpatre yeṣāṃ sākṣiṇāṃ nāmāni likhitāni tat sarvaṃ kṛtrimam.

ATTIC (adj.): *ethinīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); yavanaḥ (nī naṃ) (with less precision).

ATTIC (subs.): Perh. aṭṭaḥ; śirogṛham.

ATTIRE (v. t.):
     1 vaste (vas, c. 2.) (=to put on, dress: q. v.);
     2 bhūṣayati (=to adorn: q. v.).

ATTIRE (subs.):
     1 veśaḥ;
     2 paribarhaḥ, in rich a. sphītaparibarhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ), D. ii.: v. Dress, closses.

ATTITUDE: v. Posture, position. Ph. Russia has assumed a threatening a. towards Persia *pārasyarājyaṃ prati rusiyairviruddhavṛttiḥ kakṣīkṛtā.

ATTORNEY: *vyavahārapratinidhiḥ; moktāraḥ. A power of a. *vyavahārapratinidhipatram. A general *vyavahārasacivaḥ vicārādikāryeṣu rājapakṣasamarthako rājakīyapradhānopadeṣṭā.

ATTRACT: ākarṣati samā-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (Lit. and Fig.): v. To draw, allure.

ATTRACTION:
     I The power of a.: ākarṣaṇaśaktiḥ.
     II The act of attracting.:
     1 ākarṣaṇam;
     2 ākṛṣṭiḥ;
     3 samākarṣaṇam.
     III Allurement, enticements: q. v.

ATTRACTIVE:
     I Lit.: Ph. the a. force (of bodies): ākarṣaṇaśaktiḥ.
     II Fig.; alluring, charming: q. v.: hārin (f. ṇī).

ATTRACTIVENESS: manohāritvam: v. Charm.

ATTRIBUTABLE:
     1 āropaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 adhyāropaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Ph.: it was a. to you that we did not take the fort *tvannimittaṃ durgaṃ na gṛhītam.

ATTRIBUTE (v. t.): āroṣayati (c. of rūpa): v. To ascribe.

ATTRIBUTE (subs.):
     1 dharmaḥ, and on the contrary, the imputation of the subject and its a. s on the object tadviparyayeṇa viṣayiṇastaddharmāṇāṃ ca viṣaye'dhyāsaḥ, S. i. p.;
     2 guṇaḥ, possessed of the eight a. s, minuteness etc. aṇimādyaṣṭaguṇopetasya.

ATTRIBUTIVE (subs.): viśeṣaṇam.

ATTRITION: gharṣaṇam: v. Friction.

ATTUNE: Ph. a. your voice to the lyre. *vīṇānugataṃ svaraṃ kuru.

AUBURN:
     1 piśaṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ): v. Tawny;
     2 śyāvaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. Brown;
     3 gauraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Yellow.

AUCTION: *āhvānavikrayaḥ; sarvoccamūlyadātre prakāśavikrayaḥ, A. room *āhvānavikrayagṛhaṃ; āhvānavikrayaśālā.

AUCTIONEER: *āhvānavikrotṛ (f. trī); yaḥ (f. ) sarvajanasamakṣaṃ sarvoccamūlyadātre vikrīṇīte.

AUDACIOUS:
     1 pragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ);
     2 dhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 pratibhānvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 pratibhānavat (f. ): v. Bold, impudent.

AUDACIOUSNESS, AUDACITY:
     1 pragalbhatā;
     2 prāgalbhyam;
     3 pratibhā or pratibhānam;
     4 dhāṣṭayam;
     5 sāhasam (=boldness);
     6 nirlajjatā (=impudence).

AUDIBLE: sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (=distinct: q. v.). Ph.: he speaks in an a. voice *sa tathā giramudīrayati yathā śrotṛvargāṇāṃ karṇagocarībhavati or yathā śrotāro grahītuṃ śakruvanti.

AUDIBLY: sphuṭam (=distinctly: q. v.): v. Audible.

AUDIENCE:
     I A hearing: Ph. to give a. karṇaṃ dadāti (, c. 3); to gain a. śrotāraṃ labhate (labh, c. 1).
     II Admittance to a hearing: darśanam, to give a. darśanaṃ dadāti, R.; to get an a. to the king rājadarśanārtham.
     III A body of hearers:
     1 śrotāraḥ (m. pl.);
     2 śrotṛvargaḥ;
     3 prekṣakāḥ (m. pl.) (=spectators).

AUDIT (subs.):
     I In gen.: parīkṣā.
     II Of accounts: *gaṇanāparīkṣā gaṇanāśodhanam.

AUDIT (v. t.): pari-īkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1);
     2 śodha- yati (c. of śudh) (?), have you a. ed the account *api gaṇanā pariśodhitā.

AUDITOR:
     I A hearer: q. v.: śrotā.
     II Of accounts: *gaṇanāśodhakaḥ; parīkṣakaḥ or śodhakaḥ (when the meaning is clear).

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AUDITORY (subs.): an assembly of hearers: v. Audience (III).

AUDITORY (adj.): Ph. a. passages śravaṇamārgāḥ (m. pl.).

AUGER:
     1 āsphoṭanī:
     2 vedhanikā.

AUGMENT (v. i.): vardhate (vṛdh c. 1): v. To increase.

AUGMENT (v. t.): vardhayati (c. of vṛdh): v. To increase.

AUGMENT (subs.): vṛddhiḥ v. Augmentation.

AUGMENTATION:
     1 vṛddhiḥ;
     2 vardhanam: v. Increase, enlargement.

AUGMENTATIVE:
     1 vardhiṣṇu (mfn.);
     2 vardhamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

AUGUR (subs.):
     1 śakunajñaḥ or śakunajñānavid (m.) (from birds), I heard from the a. that I would meet you just after 30 days śakunajñāttasmāttriṃśa drivasāvasānantarameva bhavatsaṅgaḥ sambhaviṣyatītyaśṛṇavam, D.;
     2 nimittajñaḥ. (from any omen) K.: v. Soothsayer.

AUGUR (v. t.):
     I To betoken, predict: q. v.: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10).
     II To infer, conjecture: q. v.: śaṅkate. A. ed (by birds): śakunanirdiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), D.

AUGURY:
     I From birds: śakunajñānam or śakunirūtijñānam, K.
     II From any phenomena: nimittajñānam: Ph. to practise a. *nimittaiḥ śumāśubhaṃ kathayati.
     III An omen: q. v.
     1 śakunam;
     2 nimittam, a bad a. animittam.

AUGUST (adj.):
     1 mahāmahiman (mfn.);
     2 pṛthudhāman (mfn.): v. Majestic, grand.

AUGUST (subs.): uttaraśrāvaṇapūrvabhādrasaṃvādīyurupīyavatsarasyāṣṭamo māsaḥ.

AUNT:
     1 pitṛsvasā (father's sister):
     2 mātṛsvasā (mother's sister);
     3 pitṛvyā (father's brother's wife).;
     4 mātulī mātulānī (mother's brother's wife).

AURICLE:
     I The external ear: śaṣkulī or karṇaśaṣkulī.
     II A cavity of the heart: *hṛdayaśaṣkulī hṛdayasya raktāśayasyodhrvasthakoṣaḥ.

AURICULAR: śrautaḥ (tī taṃ) Ph. a. confession nibhṛtasvīkāraḥ (?).

AUROCHS: polaṇḍadeśasya vanyagoviśeṣaḥ.

AURORA:
     1 aruṇaḥ;
     2 uṣas (n.);
     3 dinamukham;
     4 aharmukham.

AURORA BOREALIS: vidyududbhavo rātridṛśyo mahojjvalaḥ prakāśaviśeṣaḥ.

AUSPICE:
     I An omen: q. v.: śakunam.
     II Protection, patronage: q. v. āśrayaḥ.

AUSPICIOUS:
     I Lucky, propitious: q. v.:
     1 śubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 kalyāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 maṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ)
     II Fortunate, prosperous: q. v. ṛddhimat (f. ).

AUSPICIOUSLY: śubhalagne (=at an a. moment): v. Propitiously, favourably.

AUSTERE:
     I Severe, stern, harsh: q. v.; kaṭhoraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Harsh, rough (to the taste): q. v.: śuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (?).

AUSTERE:
     1 kaṭhorabh;
     2 ugram;
     3 niṣṭhuram: v. Severely.

AUSTERITY:
     1 kārkaśyam;
     2 kaṭhoratā: v. Severity, sternness.

AUTHENTIC:
     I Genuine, true:
     1 tathyaḥ (thyā thyaṃ);
     2 satyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ);
     3 akṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ) (=not forged, as an a. register).
     II Of approved authority, reliable: q. v. prāmāṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ), an a. writer prāmāṇikalekhakaḥ.

AUTHENTICALLY:
     1 pramāṇataḥ;
     2 tattvataḥ;
     3 sārataḥ.

AUTHENTICATE:
     I To render authentic: prāmāṇyaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8)
     II To prove authentic: pramāṇayati (nomi.).

AUTHENTICATION: Ph. for a. prāmāṇyaṃ kartum: v. Confirmation.

AUTHENTICITY:
     1 prāmāṇyaṃ;
     2 satyatā;
     3 akṛtrimatā (=the quality of not being forged).

AUTHOR:
     I The writer of a book:
     1 kāraḥ or kṛt (in comp.), a. of the commentary bhāṣyakāraḥ; the a. of the Mitāksharā mitākṣarākṛt, Da. com.;
     2 granthakāraḥ or -kartā or -kṛt (=a. of a book and hence to be used when a. is used abs.);
     3 lekhakaḥ;
     4 racakaḥ or racayitā;
     5 praṇetā;
     6 nibandhṛ (m.) (rare);
     7 kṛtin (m.) (very rare). N. B. 3, 4, 5, and 6. are gen. used with some defining word.
     II A maker, contriver, originator: q. v.: kartā, a. of great wonders kartā mahāścaryāṇām, K.

AUTHORESS:
     1 kṛt (in comp.);
     2 granthakartrī; praṇetrī;
     4 racayitrī.

AUTHORITATIVE:
     I Determinative:
     1 sapramāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (=with proof).
     2 dṛḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (=firm).
     II Dictatorial, overbearing: q. v.

AUTHORITATIVELY:
     1 sapramāṇam;
     2 dṛḍham (=firmly).

AUTHORITY:
     I Lawful power:
     1 prabhutvam;
     2 kṣamatā;
     3 śaktiḥ.
     II Influence, might: q. v.: gauravam.
     III Permission, order: q. v.: anujñā.
     IV Testimony: pramāṇaṃ, the Vedas are our a. for this atra vedāḥ pramāṇam (note the sing. numb.). V. Credibility: prāmāṇyaṃ, its a. is disputed asya prāmāṇyaṃ sandigdham.
     VI In pl., government: Perh. pramavaḥ (m. pl.).

AUTHORIZE:
     I To empower:
     1 kṣamatāṃ dadāti (, c. 3) (rare);
     2 anumanyate (man, c. 4) (=to allow);
     3 niyojayati (yuj, c. 10) (to appoint).
     II To legalize: q. v.
     III To authenticate: q. v. Ph.: a. ed by usage vyavahārasiddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (?).

AUTHORSHIP: granthakartṛtvaṃ or sim. kartṛtvam: Ph. its a. is disputed *na niścīyate ko'sya lekhakaḥ v. Author.

AUTOBIOGRAPHER: *svacaritalekhakaḥ; ātmajīvanacaritapraṇetā.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY: *ātmacaritam svakīyajīvanacaritam; svajīvanavṛttāntaḥ.

AUTOCRAT: īśvaraḥ: v. Despot.

AUTOGRAPH (adj.): svahastalikhitaḥ (tā taṃ): a. letter svahastalekhyam.

AUTOGRAPH (subs.):
     1 svahastalekhaḥ;
     2 svahastākṣaram.

AUTOMATION: *svayañcalayantram.

AUTUMN:
     1 śarad, (f.);
     2 śaratkālaḥ;
     3 ghanāntaḥ (poetical).

AUTUMNAL:
     1 śāradaḥ (dī daṃ);
     2 śāradīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 śaratkālīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

AUXILIARY (adj.):
     1 sahakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 uttarasādhakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

AUXILIARY (subs.): sahāyaḥ. Ph. a. s i. e. a. troops: āsāraḥ (rare), Si. ii. 64.

AVAIL (v.):
     I To make use of: Ph. I will a. myself of your advice *tavopadeśaṃ grahīṣyāmi; he a. ed himself of this opportunity to carry out his design *asminnavasare svārthasampādanaparo babhūva.
     II To serve, be of use: q. v.: all these did not a. (sarvametat) nārthavad babhūva, Ki.: v. Avail (subs.)

AVAIL (subs):
     1 guṇaḥ, of what a. is a loyal, but unwise and timid servant aprājñena ca kātareṇa ca guṇaḥ syāt sānurāgeṇa kaḥ, Mu. i.; the study of religious books has been of no a. nirguṇo dharmaśāstrābhyāsaḥ K.;
     2 arthaḥ.

AVAILABLE:
     I Profitable: q. v.
     II Obtainable: not a.
     1 durlabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 duṣprāpyaḥ (pyā pyaṃ);
     3 duṣprāpaḥ (pā paṃ).

AVALANCHE: himanisyandaḥ (?).

AVARICE:
     1 lobhaḥ (covetousness);
     2 arthakāmaḥ;
     3 dhanalobhaḥ;
     4 vittehā.

AVARICIOUS:
     I Covetous: q. v.: lobhin (f. ).
     II Desirous of wealth:
     1 arthalubdhaḥ (bdhā bdhaṃ);
     2 artharuci (mfn.);
     3 dhanalubdhaḥ (bdhā bdhaṃ).

AVARICIOUSLY:
     1 arthalomāt;
     2 dhanalobhena: v. Covetously.

AVAUNT: apehi (2nd pers. sin. imper. of i): v. Get away, begone.

AVENGE (v. t.):
     1 prati-karoti (kṛ, c. 8), (I) have a. d it now by taking away their clothes tat sābhprataṃ pratikṛtaṃ haratāṃśukāni, Dh.;
     2 pratikāra or pratīkāraṃ karoti (with gen.);
     3 vairānṛṇyamupaga- cchati (gam, c. 1), (with loc. of the wrong doer), Vi.;
     4 pariśodhaṃ gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9) (with gen.) (?).

AVENGER: pratikartā or pratīkārakartā (rare).

AVENUE:
     I Passage, approach: q. v.: dvāra
     II An alley: vīthiḥ: a. of mango trees cūta- vīthiḥ, D. iii.

AVER (v. t.): pratijānīte: v. To affirm, assert.

AVERAGE (adj.): Ph. all her parts are of a. dimensions asyāḥ sarva evāvayavāḥ nātisthūlā nātikṛ D. vi.; there was a. amount of rainfall this year *asmin varṣe nātyadhikā nātyalpā vṛṣṭiḥ papāta; is a man af a. stamp *tasya buddhirnātiprakharā nātisthūlā.

AVERAGE (subs.): no equiv.: madhyama may be used.

AVERMENT:
     1 pratiñjā;
     2 dṛḍhavākyam.

AVERSE:
     I Disliking, unwilling:
     1 viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 parāṅnu khaḥ (khī khaṃ);
     3 vimataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Unfavourable: q. v.

AVERSION:
     1 virāgaḥ;
     2 viraktiḥ;
     3 vimatiḥ (rare);
     4 dveṣaḥ.

AVERT:
     1 ni-vartayati vini- vyā- apa-, (c. of vṛt);
     2 nivārayati (c. of vṛ) (=to prevent: q. v.).

AVIARY (subs.):
     1 pakṣiśālā;
     2 kulāyikā.

AVIDITY: v. Eagerness, greediness; with a.: v. Eagerly.

AVOCATION:
     1 kāryam;
     2 karman (n.);
     3 vyāpāraḥ: v. Business, occupation.

AVOID
     1 pari-harati (hṛ, c. 1), a. ing his sight dṛṣṭiprapātaṃ parihṛtya tasya Ku. iii. 43.;
     2 varjayati (varj, c. 10) v. Shun, abandon.

AVOIDABLE:
     1 parihartavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ);
     2 pariharaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 varjanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 heyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     5 tyājyaḥ (jyā jyaṃ);
     6 parihāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ).

AVOIDANCE:
     1 varjanam;
     2 pariharaṇam. (rare): v. Abandonment.

AVOUCH: prati-jānīte (ñjā, c. 9): v. To maintain, assert.

AVOW: svīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8): v. To confess, acknowledge, declare.

AVOWAL: svīkāraḥ: v. Confession, acknowledgment.

AVOWED (part. adj.): spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (open, plain, evident: q. v.).

AVOWEDLY:
     1 spaṣṭam; (prakāśam;)
     3 prakaṭam.

AWAIT (v. t.):
     I To wait for: q. v.
     1 pratīkṣate (īkṣ c. 1);
     2 pratipālayati (pāl, c. 10).
     II To be in store for: ā-sīdati pratyā-, (sad, c. 1) (to be nigh), salvation a. s thee pratyāsīdati muktistvāṃ, Ki. xi. 36. Ph. death a. s every one maraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ śarīriṇām, R.; what a. s me next *kimataḥ paraṃ me sambhaviṣyati.

AWAKE (v. i.):
     1 budhyate vi- pra- prati-, (budh c. 4);
     2 uttiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1) (=to get up);
     3 nidrāṃ tyajati jahāti etc.; vinidraḥ (drā draṃ) bhavati etc.

AWAKE (v. t.):
     I From sleep:
     1 bodhayati pra- vi- prati- vipra-, (c. of budh);
     2 jāgarayati (c. of jāgṛ);
     3 nidrāṃ bhanakti (bhanj, c. 7) (with gen.).
     II From inattention, or inaction: v. To arouse, rouse.

AWAKE (adj.):
     1 jāgrat (f. );
     2 jāgaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 unnidraḥ (drā draṃ) (without sleep);
     4 prabuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. To be awake.

AWAKE, BE: jāgarti pra-, (jāgṛ, c. 2).

AWAKEN: v. To awake.

AWAKENING (subs):
     1 prabodhaḥ prabodhanam;
     2 bodhaḥ;
     3 vibodhanam.

AWARD (v. t.):
     1 dadāti (, c. 3);
     2 vitarati (tṝ, c. 1);
     3 dāpayati (c. of ) (in the legal sense, when a judge a. s damages etc.)

AWARD (subs.): nirṇayaḥ: v. Judgment, sentence.

AWARE, BE:
     1 jānāti (ñjā, c. 9);
     2 avagacchati (gam, c. 1): v. To know.

AWARE, MADE:
     1 bodhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vibodhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 avabodhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

AWAY: v. the several verbs with which it is used. Ph.: a. with begging kṛtameva yācñayā, Ki. xiv. 20; a. with shame alaṃ hriyā, R. v. 58; a. (=begone; q. v.) antaramantaram, Mr. ii.; she is a. (=absent, q. v.).

AWE (subs.):
     1 bhayam;
     2 trāsaḥ;
     3 sādhvasam;
     4 ādaraḥ. N. B. There is no exact equiv. of awe: 1, 2 and 3 mean fear, 4 means respect. To stand in a. of: bibheti (bhī, c. 3) (with abl.). Ph.: he is known to me and not disagreeable, still
     I approach him with a na ca na paricito na cāpyaramyaścakitamupaimi tathāpi pārśvamasya, Mal. i.

AWE (v. t.): v. To frighten, terrify.

AWE STRUCK:
     1 bhayaviplutaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 sādhvasaparītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 trāsākulaḥ (lā laṃ).

AWFUL:
     I Awe-inspiring:
     1 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ) (=terrific: q. v.: not applicable to men);
     2 atitejasvin (f. ) or mahātejas (mfn.) (full of that which inspires awe: applicable to men only and their appearance). Ph.: Oh how a. is royal majesty aho ! durāsado rājamahimā, Mal. i.; wild mountain scenery, grand and a. praśāntagammīranīlavipulaśrīraraṇyagiribhūmiḥ, Vi. v.
     II Awestruck: q. v.

AWFULLY:
     I Fearfully q. v.
     II Exceedingly: q. v. atyantam.

AWFULNESS:
     1 tejaḥ (of men etc.);
     2 praśāntagambhīratā (=calm solemnity).

AWHILE: kiyatkālam;
     2 kañcitkālam;
     3 muhūrtam (=for a moment).

AWKWARD:
     I Unskilful: q. v.: adakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ).
     II Inelegant, clumsy: q. v.:
     1 aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ) (=rustic), (applicable to manners etc.).

AWKWARDLY: v. Clumsily, inelegantly, unskilfully.

AWKWARDNESS:
     I Unskilfulness: q. v.
     II Inelegance: q. v.: grāmyatā.

AWL:
     1 ārā;
     2 carmaprabhedikā (shoemaker's a.);
     3 vedhanikā. v. Gimlet.

AWN:
     1 kiṃśāruḥ;
     2 śasyaśūkam;
     3 śuṅgaḥ;
     4 śūkam.

AWNING:
     1 vitānam;
     2 ullocaḥ: v. Veil.

AWRY:
     1 tiryak;
     2 tiraścīnam;
     9 sāci;
     4 kuṭilam.

AXE:
     1 kuṭhāraḥ;
     2 paraśuḥ;
     3 paraśvadhaḥ. A small a. kuṭhārikā.

AXIOM: *aprameyatatvam svataḥsiddhavastu, K. d.

AXIS: *akṣarekhā.

AXLE, AXLE-TREE:
     1 cakradaṇḍaḥ (?);
     2 akṣāgram (?);
     3 anukarṣaḥ (?).

AYE:
     I Yes: q. v.
     II For aye: v. Always.

AZURE: nīlaḥ (lā laṃ).


BABBLE (v. i.):
     1 jalpati (jalp, c. 1.);
     2 pra-lapati (lap, c. 1.);
     3 vāvadye vāvadmi, or vāvadīmi (freq. of vad);
     4 vāvacye vāvacmi (freq. of vac).

BABBLE, BABBLING (subs.):
     1 jalpaḥ;
     2 jalpanam;
     3 jalpitam;
     4 pralapitam.

BABBLER:
     1 (jalpakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 jalpākaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 vācāṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     4 vāvadūkaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     5 pralāpin (f. ).

BABBLING (adj.):
     I Lit.: Babbler.
     II Fig.: v. Murmuring.

BABOON: hanumat (m.) (?); vānaraviśeṣaḥ.

BABY, BABE: dārakaḥ, m. (dārikā, f.): v. Infant, suckling, child.

BABYHOOD: śaiśavam (childhood: q. v.).

BABYISH: bāliśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Childish.

BACCHANAL, BACCHANALIAN: tāntrikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

BACHELOR:
     1 akṛtadāraḥ or akṛtodvāhaḥ: v. Unmarried;
     2 vaṇṭaḥ or vaṇṭhaḥ (very rare). Ph.: a b. of arts *'vi e' upādhidhārin (f. ṇī).

BACK (subs.):
     I Of an animal: pṛṣṭham, whose b. s the enemy has seen dṛṣṭapṛṣṭhānarātinā, Ki. xv. 19.: Ph. behind one's b.:
     1 pṛṣṭhataḥ;
     2 parokṣe (in one's absence).
     II As opposed to front:
     1 pṛṣṭham, on the b. of a writing lekhasya pṛṣṭhe, Y.;
     2 pṛṣṭhadeśaḥ.

BACK (adv.): v. Backwards. It is generally expr. by the prefix prati: to come back pratyāgacchati; to give back prati-dadāti etc.

BACK (v. i.): pratyā-vartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To go back.

BACK (v. t.):
     I To mount: q. v.
     II To support, second: q. v.
     III To drive backward: pratīpaṃ nudati (nud, c. 6.) or cālayati (c. of cal).

BACKBITE:
     1 parokṣe pari-vadati (vad, c. 1.), asūyati (nomi.), etc. v. To slander;
     2 pṛṣṭhamāṃsam atti (ad, c. 2.) khādati (khād, c. 1.) (with gen) (not very common).

BACKBITER:
     1 pṛṣṭhamāṃsādaḥ;
     2 yaḥ parokṣe parivadati etc.;
     3 piśunaḥ (?).

BACKBITING:
     1 pṛṣṭhamāṃsādanam;
     2 piśunavākyam: v. Slander.

BACKBONE:
     1 pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ;
     2 kaśeruḥ;
     3 kaśerukā;
     4 rīṭakaḥ (rare).

BACKDOOR:
     1 pakṣadvāram;
     2 pakṣakaḥ.

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BACK-GAMMON: krīḍāviśeṣaḥ. b.-board:
     1 aṣṭāpadam (?);
     2 carmapaṭṭikā (?).

BACKGROUND: *paścādbhūmiḥ (in ana. with agrabhūmiḥ) or expr. by circumlo.

BACK-SIDE:
     1 pṛṣṭhabhāgaḥ;
     2 pṛṣṭhadeśaḥ v. Also buttocks.

BACK-SLIDE: svadharmād bhraśyati (bhraṃś, c. 4.), cyavate (cyu, c. 1.): v. To go astray.

BACK-SLIDER:
     1 gharmabhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 gharmacyutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Apostate

BACK-STAIRS:
     1 *pakṣasopānam;
     2 *antaḥsopānam.

BACKWARDS:
     I Towards the back: pṛṣṭhabhāge or pṛṣṭhadeśe.
     II On the back: to fall b. avamūrdhapātaṃ patati.
     III In a reversed direction: pratīpam. Ph. to go b. (fig.) kramaśo'vanatiṃ gacchati.

BACKWARD (adj.):
     I Reluctant, averse: q. v. parāṅmu khaḥ (khī khaṃ).
     II Slow, dull: q. v. kuṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Late: q. v.
     IV Reversed: q. v.: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ).

BACKWARDNESS: parāṅmū khatā: v. Reluctance, aversion.

BACON: *lāvaṇaśuṣkaśūkaramāṃsam; Perh. valluram.

BAD: Gen. expr. by the prefixes dur ku apa etc. and sometimes by the affix ka: a b. man durjanaḥ; b. weather durdinam; b. luck durdaivam; not a b. speaker akadvadaḥ; a b. road kadadhvan (m.); b. food kadannam; b. design kumatiḥ; b. policy apanayaḥ; b. reputation apayaśaḥ; a b. horse aśvakaḥ: v. Wicked, injurious, unfavourable.

BADGE (subs.):
     1 cihnam;
     2 lakṣaṇam;
     3 liṅgam.

BADGER (subs.): bhallūkajātīyajantuviśeṣaḥ.

BADINAGE (subs.) narmabhāṣitam: v. Joke, raillery.

BADLY: Ph. I am b. off for servants bhṛtyābhāvāt kliśyāmi; you have behaved b. towards her tasyāṃ tvayānāryamācaritam; he is b. bitten by the dog sa kukku reṇa tīvraṃ or balavat daṣṭaḥ, b. governed kuśāsitaḥ (tā taṃ): b. formed kadākāraḥ (rā raṃ); smelling b. durgandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ): v. Wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately.

BADNESS:
     1 by the adj.: b. of character durācāraḥ; the b. of this soil is proverbial *asya pradeśasya kumṛttikā prasiddhā;
     2 duṣṭaṭā (=wickedness);
     3 nirguṇatā (=worthlessness).

BAFFLE (v. t.):
     1 vyarthīkaroti;
     2 moghīkaroti: v. Frustrate, elude.

BAG (subs.):
     1 Perh. puṭam; canvas b. *śāṇapuṭam;
     2 bhastrā; leather b. carmamastrikā D. II.;
     3 goṇī (=sack. q. v.).

BAGATELLE:
     I a trifle: q. v.
     II A game: kandukakrīḍāviśeṣaḥ.

BAGGAGE:
     I Of an army:
     1 sādhanam; the bugle sounding and the b. being ready āhatāyāṃ prayāṇabheryāṃ sajjīkriyamāṇe sādhane, K.;
     2 vīvadhaḥ (provisions), Si. ii. 64.
     II A strumpet: q. v. bandhakī.

BAGNIO:
     I A bath: q. v. snānāgāram;
     II A brothel: q. v. veśyālayaḥ.

BAG-PIPE: suṣiravādyaviśeṣaḥ.

BAIL (subs.):
     I The person who gives b.:
     1 pratibhūḥ, he who stands a b. to produce a man yo yasya pratibhūstiṣṭheddarśanāyeha mānavaḥ, M. viii. 158;
     2 lagnakaḥ.
     II Security: prātibhāvyam, on b. prātibhāvyana. D. vi.

BAIL (v. t.):
     I As applied to securities: Ph. I will b. you tavāhaṃ pratibhūrmavāmi (bhū, c. 1.) or tiṣṭhāmi (sthā, c. 1.)
     II as applied to magistrates: pratibhāvyena muñcati (muñc, c. 6.) or mocayati (muc c. 10.).

BAILABLE: Ph. this offence is b. *grāhyalagnako'parāghaḥ or asminnaparāghe pratibhūrgṛhyate.

BAIL-BOND: *prātibhāvyapatram.

BAILIFF: *āsedhādikarmaṇi niyuktaḥ śeriphasya pratinidhiḥ; *yaṣṭidharaḥ.

BAIT (subs.): āmiṣam (Lit. and Fig.), Ka. i. 44.

BAIT (v. t.):
     I To apply a bait:
     1 sāmiṣaṃ karoti (?);
     2 āmiṣaṃ vaḍiśe nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.)
     II To furnish animals with food on a journey: yavasādinā bhojayati (c. of bhuj) (?): Ph. b. ing his horse enaṃ tāvadāgṛhītakatipayadūrvāprabālakavalaṃ kṛtvā, K. III. To attack an animal with dogs: Ph. to b. a bear bhallūkabādhanāya kukku rān praṇudati (nud, c. 6.).

BAKE (v. t.):
     1 pacati (pac, c. 1.) (prop. to cook: q. v.), b. d brick pakveṣṭakā, Mr.;
     2 bhṛjjati te (bhrasj, c. 6.) (=to fry, q. v.), the word lāja (also) means b. d grain lājaṃ bhṛṣṭaghānye Ph. b. d in an iron pan or oven (as bread, cakes etc.) kāndavaḥ (vī vaṃ).

BAKE-HOUSE, BAKERY:
     1 pūpaśālā (?);
     2 pākaśālā (?).

BAKER:
     1 āpūpikaḥ;
     2 kāndavikaḥ;
     3 piṣṭakapācakaḥ.

BALANCE (subs.):
     I A pair of scales:
     1 tulā;
     2 māpanaḥ (?). The beam of a b. tulādaṇḍaḥ; the string by which it is suspended pragrahaḥ or pragrāhaḥ; the cup of a b. ghaṭaḥ; assay b. nārācī.
     II Of an account:
     1 śeṣaḥ (=remainder: q. v.), he asked for the b. of money gṛhītaśeṣaṃ dātuṃ sa dhanaṃ prārthayatātha taṃ, Raj.;
     2 antaram (difference: q. v.), gives the whole b. dīyatāṃ sakalāntaram, Raj.
     III Counterpoise: q. v.
     IV Comparison, estimate: q. v. tulanā.

BALANCE (v. t.):
     I To bring to an equipoise; tulayati (tul, c. 10) (Lit. and Fig.): Ph. their equipment is not b. d na tulādhṛtastāvadanayoḥ parikaraḥ, Vi. vi.
     II To counterpoise: q. v.
     III Of accounts:
     1 samīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 ekīkaroti (?), b. ing the account gaṇanāmekīkṛtya, Raj.

BALANCE (v. i.):
     I To be in equipoise: samībhavati (bhū, c. 1.) (?).
     II To fluctuate, hesitate: q. v.: dolāyate (nomi.).

BALCONY:
     1 pragrīvaḥ (?);
     2 vitarddhiḥ (?);
     3 indrakoṣaḥ (?).

BALD (adj.):
     I Hairless: q. v.:
     1 akeśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 khalati (mfn.) (by disease).
     II Without natural covering: anāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Unadorned, inelegant: q. v.: asaṃskṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

BALDERDASH: v. Jargon, nonsense.

BALDNESS:
     I Want of hair: akeśatā and sim. comp. morbid b.:
     1 indraluptam;
     2 khālityaṃ Bha.
     II Of style: v. Inelegance.

BALDRIC: prālambam (?): v. Belt, girdle.

BALE (subs.): poṭṭalī: v. Bundle.

BALE (v.): To b. out the bilge-water (nāvaḥ) jalaṃ siñcati (sic, c. 6.).

BALEFUL:
     I Fatal, destructive: q. v.
     II Woeful, sad: q. v.

BALK (subs.):
     I Of a field:
     1 āliḥ;
     2 ālī (f.).
     II A beam, rafter: q. v.
     III Disappointment: q. v.: āśābhaṅgaḥ.

BALK (v. t.): khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.): v. To frustrate, disappoint.

BALL (subs.):
     I A playing-ball: alternately striking with her left and right hands, sent (th b.) up vāmadakṣiṇābhyāṃ karāyāṃ paryāyeṇābhighnatyudasthāpayat D. vi.
     II A round mass:
     1 gola (mn.)
     2 vartulaḥ. a small b. gulikā; the eye b. tārā a b. of thread sūtrakoṣam (?)
     III A meeting for dancing:
     1 nṛtyam;
     2 nartanam (=dancing).

BALLAD: gāthā. b. singer;
     1 gāthikaḥ;
     2 gāthākāraḥ.

BALLAST *nilamaḥ; potasthairyārthaṃ tadaghomāganiviṣṭaṃ prastaralohādidravyam.

BALLET: no equiv.: yātrā would do. b. girl: (
     I) nartakī;
     2 naṭī.

BALLOON:
     1 vimānam;
     2 vyomayānam.

BALLOT (subs.):
     I A ball or ticket used in voting: *guṭikā.
     II Voting. by b.: *guṭikā; nibhṛtaguṭikāpātena matāmataprakāśanam.

BALLOT (v. i.): guṭikāpātena matāmataṃ prakāśayati (c. of. kāś).

BALL-ROOM (subs.): *nṛtyaśālā; nartanakoṣṭhaḥ.

BALM:
     I The sap of a shrub: niryāsaviśeṣaḥ.
     II Solace, comfort: q. v. sughālepaḥ (?).

BALMY:
     I Odoriferous, aromatic: q. v. sugandhi (mfn.).
     II Assuaging, soothing
     1 tāpaharaḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 śāntidaḥ (dā daṃ). Ph. the b. tree *vāmavṛkṣaḥ.

BALSAM: v. Balm.

BALSAMIC: v. Balmy, soft, unctuous.

BALUSTRADE: pragrīvaḥ (m. n.) (?); vṛttiviśeṣaḥ.

BAMBOO:
     1 veṇuḥ;
     2 vaṃśaḥ;
     3 kīcakaḥ (when rattling).

BAMBOOZLE: (v. t.): vañcayate (vañc, c. 10.): v. Fool, to make a; to deceive.

BAN:
     I A proclamation: q. v.
     II Of marriage: Ph. have you published the b. s of marriage *api vivāhaghoṣaṇā prakāśitā.
     III Interdiction, proscription: q. v.: Ph. under b. to touch niṣiddhasparśaḥ (rśā rśaṃ).
     IV Curse: śāpaḥ.

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BAN (v. t.): v. To curse.

BANANA:
     I The tree:
     1 kadalī;
     2 rambhā.
     II The fruit:
     1 kadalīphalam;
     2 campakam (a species of it).

BAND (subs.):
     I That which binds:
     1 banghaḥ: b. of hope āśābanghaḥ, Me. i. 10;
     2 banghanam;
     3 banghanī.
     II A company of persons:
     1 dalam;
     2 gulmaḥ (b. of troops).
     III Musical instruments:
     1 vādyabhāṇḍam. (?);
     2 tūryaighaḥ (?).

BAND TOGETHER (v.): saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ) (bhavati) (bhū, c. 1.) v. To combine.

BANDAGE (subs.):
     1 bandhaḥ, Śr.;
     2 paṭṭaḥ (cloth) (only when the sense is clear).

BANDAGE (v. t.): badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), b. with a soft cloth mṛdupaṭṭaṃ niveśya badhnīyāt, Śr. Ph. things used in b. ing sores vraṇabanghanadravyāṇi, Śr.

BAND-BOX: peṭikā.

BANDIT: paripanthin (m); dasyuḥ v. Robber.

BANDY (v. t.):
     I to exchange: q. v.: vinimayate (me, c. 1.).
     II to agitate: q. v.

BANDY-LEGGED:
     1 prañju (mfn.);
     2 pragatajānu (mfn.).

BANE:
     I Poison: q. v. viṣam.
     II Any fatal cause of mischief: Ph. he became the b. of India *bhāratavarṣasya kālarūpo or kālo babhūva; prostitution is the b. of society *veśyāvṛttiḥ samājasyānarthamūlam.
     III Ruin, destruction: q. v.

BANEFUL (v.): v. Pernicious, injurious, destructive.

BANG (v.): v. To beat, strike. Ph. the door b. s virauti kapāṭaḥ Mr.

BANG (subs.): Ph. opened the door with a b. mahāśabdapūrvakaṃ kapāṭamapāvṛtavān: v. Explosion; v. Also blow, stroke.

BANIAN-TREE:
     1 vaṭaḥ;
     2 nyagrodhaḥ, its berry: naiyagrodham.

BANISH (v. t.):
     I To condemn to exile:
     1 nir-vāsayati (c. of vas), first of all, Fivasiddhi was b. ed from the city ādāveva jīvasidhirnagarānnirvāsitaḥ Mu. ii.;
     2 vi-vāsayati (c. of vas) M. viii. 123;
     3 nir-asyati (as, c. 4.) b. ed Fānaki from his house, but not from his mind gṛhānnirastā na tena vaidehasutā manastaḥ, R. xiv. 84. v. To drive away.
     4 pra-vrājayati (c. of vraj) (rare) M. II Fig. To drive away, remove: q. v. shame was b. ed (from their minds) trapā nirastā, Ki. x. 58.

BANISHMENT:
     1 nirvāsanam;
     2 vivāsanam;
     3 pravāsanam.

BANISTER: *sopānastambhaḥ.

BANK (subs.):
     I For dealing in money: *dhanāgāram, the affairs of the b. were wound up *dhanāgārakāryāṇi saṃhṛtāni; the b. failed *dhanāgāramavasasāda or kṣayaṃ jagāma.
     II Of a river etc.:
     1 tīram;
     2 taṭam;
     3 kūlam;
     4 pratīram;
     5 roghas (n.);
     6 kacchaḥ (rare). The opposite b. pāram. The near b. apāram. A sand b. saikatam. B. of a hill vapram.
     III A mound: q. v.
     1 cayaḥ;
     2 vapra (mn.).

BANK (v. t.): v. To cmbank.

BANK (v. i.): (ghanāgāreṇa) vyavaharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (?).

BANKER:
     1 śreṣṭhin (m.) (?);
     2 *dhanāgārapatiḥ;
     3 kusīdaḥ; vārddhuṣikaḥ (money-lender).

BANKING:
     1 vyavahāraḥ P. i.;
     2 arthavyavahāraḥ;
     3 arthaprayogaḥ.

BANK-NOTE: *dhanāgārapatram.

BANKRUPT (subs.): parikṣīṇo vaṇik (after M.); ṛṇaśoghanākṣamo vaṇik (?) A fraudulent b. *prakāśaparikṣīṇaḥ; uttamarṇapravañcanāya yo gatavibhavatāṃ prakāśayati.

BANKRUPTCY: parikṣīṇatā (?); ṛṇaśoghanāśaktiḥ (?): gatavibhāvatā (?)

BANNER:
     1 dhvajaḥ;
     2 patākā;
     3 ketuḥ;
     4 vaijayantī;
     5 ketanam.

BANNERET: *iṃlaṇḍīyopāghiviśeṣaḥ.

BANNOCK: piṣṭakaviśeṣaḥ.

BANQUET (subs.): sambhojanam (?); viśiṣṭabhojanam (?).

BANQUET (v. t.):
     1 sam-bhojayati (c. of bhuj);
     2 bhojanaviśeṣaiḥ sam-toṣayati (c. of tuṣ), H.

BANQUET (v. i.):
     1 bhuṃkte (bhuj, c. (?));
     2 abhyava-harati (hṛ, c. 1.).

BANTER (v. t.): pari-hasati (has, c. 1.): v. To joke, mock.

BANTER (subs.): parihāsaḥ; v. Joke, jesting.

BANTERER:
     1 parihāsavedin (m.);
     2 parihāsavettṛ (m.); v. Jester.

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BANTLING:
     1 ḍimbhaḥ;
     2 arbhakaḥ; v. Infant.

BAPTISM: *abhiṣekaḥ, a certificate of b. *abhiṣekanidarśanam.

BAPTISMAL: expr. by tat. comp, by font *abhiṣekakuṇḍam.

BAPTIST:
     I In gen.: *abhiṣektṛ (m.).
     II An anabaptist: q. v.

BAPTIZE (v. t.):
     1 *abhiṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.);
     2 *kṛṣṭagharmaṃ grāhayati (c. of. graha).

BAR (subs.):
     I Of a door: argalam.
     II Of a cage etc.: śalākā. v. Pole, beam.
     III A hindrance or obstruction: q. v.: pratyūhaḥ.
     IV A bank at the mouth of a river or harbour: banghaḥ (?). V. For prisoners in a court of justice, or an inn.: *vṛtiḥ.
     VI Any tribunal: q. v.: Ph. at the b. of public opinion *sādhāraṇamatasyāgre.
     VII The entire body of advocates: *abhibhāṣakavargaḥ uttaravādinaḥ (m. pl.).
     VIII In music: lambaḥ (?).
     IX An ingot or wedge of metal: Perh. piṇḍaḥ.

BAR (v. t.):
     I To bolt: q. v.
     II To hinder, prevent: q. v.:
     1 ni-ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.);
     2 prati-ṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.).

BARB (subs.):
     I A. horse: q. v.: vājiḥ.
     II Of an arrow: karṇaḥ (?).

BARBICAN: upadurgam praveśaniroghanārthaṃ nagaropāntanirmito durgaviśeṣaḥ.

BARBARIAN (adj.): v. Barbarous.

BARBARIAN (subs.):
     I An uncivilized person:
     1 asabhyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ);
     2 mlecchaḥ (properly one who is not a Hindu, but may be used in the sense of b.).
     II A cruel man: piśācaḥ (?). v. Cruel.

BARBARIC: i. e. foreign: q. v.: videśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ)

BARBARISM:
     I Incorrect language: mlecchitam (?), gentlemen do not use b. s in their speech nāryāmlecchanti bhāṣāmiḥ, Mah.
     II An uncivilized condition: asabhyatā
     III Barbarity: q. v.

BARBARITY (subs.):
     1 niṣṭhuratā;
     2 krauryam: v. Ferocity, cruelty.

BARBARIZE (v. t.): *mlecchīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To brutalize.

BARBAROUS (adj.):
     I Uncivilized: q. v.: asabhyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ).
     II Cruel, ferocious: q. v.:
     1 niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 nṛśaṃsaḥ (sā saṃ).

BARBAROUSLY:
     I Without refinement:
     1 asabhyam (?);
     2 aślīlam (- coarsely, indecently).
     II Cruelly: q. v.: nirdayam.

BARBAROUSNESS: krauryam: v. Barbarity, barbarism.

BARBED (adj.): karṇin (f. ) (?).

BARBEL: nādeyamatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

BARBER:
     1 nāpitaḥ;
     2 kṣurin (m.);
     3 kṣaurikaḥ;
     4 muṇḍin (m.) A b. 's shop nāpitaśālā; b.'s business nāpityam.

BARBERRY: gulmaviśeṣaḥ.

BARD:
     I
     1 māgadhaḥ;
     2 vaitālikaḥ;
     3 vandin (m.);
     4 maghukaḥ.
     II A poet: q. v.: kaviḥ.

BARE (adj.):
     I Uncoverd:
     1 anāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ);
     3 kevalaḥ (lā laṃ) (only of places and things), on the b. ground sthaṇḍila eva kevale, Ku. v. 12.
     II Destitute: q. v.: dīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     III Simple, unadorned: q. v.
     IV Mere, alone: q. v. V. Threadbare: jīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ).

BARE (v. t.): vivastrayati: v. To uncover, divest.

BARE-FACED (adj.): nirlajjaḥ (jjā jjaṃ): v. Impudent.

BARE-FACEDLY (adv.): nirlajjam: v. Impudently.

BARE-FACEDNESS: nirlajjatā: v. Impudence, effrontery.

BARE-FOOT, BARE-FOOTED: śūnyapādaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 anāvṛtapādaḥ (dā daṃ).

BARE-HEADED:
     1 anāvṛtaśiras (mfn.);
     2 śūnyamastakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

BARELY:
     I Only: q. v. kevalam.
     II Scarcely: q. v. karthañcit.

BARENESS:
     I Nakedness: anāvṛtatvam.
     II Indigence: q. v.: dainyam.

BARGAIN (subs.):
     I An agreement or stipulation: q. v.
     1 samayaḥ;
     2 saṃvid (f.). II. A gainful or satisfactory transaction: Ph. buy the house, it is a good b. *alpamūlyena labhyaṃ gṛhaṃ krīṇīhi.

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BARGAIN (v. i.); paṇate (paṇ, c. 1.) (?): v. To agree, stipulate.

BARGE:
     I A pleasure-boat: kelinaukā (?).
     II A large boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods:
     1 tarāluḥ;
     2 tarāndhuḥ;
     3 vahitram.

BARGEMAN:
     1 nāvikaḥ;
     2 potavāhaḥ.

BARK (subs.):
     I Of trees:
     1 valkala (mn.);
     2 valkam;
     3 tvac (f.);
     4 challiḥ (f.) (rare).
     II Of dogs: bukkanam.
     III A small vessel
     1 nauḥ;
     2 tarī.

BARK (v. t.):
     1 valkalaṃ nirharati (hṛ, c. 10.), apanayati (, c. 1.) etc;
     2 tvacayati (nomi.);
     3 tvakṣati (tvakṣ, c. 1.).

BARK (v. i.):
     1 bukkayati te (bukk, c. 1.), b. ed at by dogs kukkurairbukkyamānaḥ Mr. i:
     2 bhaṣati (bhaṣ, c. 1.), human dogs always b. thus bhaṣanti haivaṃ śvanarāḥ sadaiva, Mah.

BARKING: Of dogs:
     1 bukkanam;
     2 bhaṣitam: v. Noise.

BARLEY: yavaḥ. Fit for producing b. yavakyaḥ (kyā kyaṃ). made of b. yavamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

BARLEY-CORN: yavaḥ. Fried b. dhānā.

BARLEY-SUGAR: sitākhaṇḍaḥ (?).

BARLEY-WATER:
     1 udamanthaḥ;
     2 yavodakam.

BARM: maṇḍaḥ or (more fully) surāmaṇḍaḥ: v. Yeast.

BARMAID: *maṇḍaparakṣiṇī.

BARN:
     1 kuśūlaḥ;
     2 ghānyakoṣṭham,
     3 ghānyāgāram.

BARNACLE:
     I A mollusc: śambūkaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A kind of goose haṃsaviśeṣaḥ.
     III In farriery: yantraviśeṣaḥ; *nastagrahā.

BAROMETER: *vāyumāpaḥ.

BARON (subs.): *iṃlaṇḍīyakaulīnopādhibhedaḥ.

BARONAGE:
     I The whole body of barons: *beraṇavargaḥ.
     II The rank of a baron *beraṇapadam.

BARONESS: beraṇavadhūḥ.

BARONET: upāghiviśeṣaḥ: *upaberaṇaḥ.

BARONIAL (adj.): *beraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

BARONY: *beraṇasyāghipatyam; bairaṇyam (?).

BARQUE: nauviśeṣaḥ.

BARRACK: (nearest word) niveśaḥ; v. Camp.

BARRACK-MASTER: *niveśādhyakṣaḥ niveśāghikārin (m.).

BARREL (subs.):
     I A kind of cask: bhāṇḍam (any vessel).
     II A cylinder or tube, as of a gun or wakS: nālā or nālī (?)

BARREL (v.): bhāṇḍe niveśayati (c. of viś).

BARREN:
     1 bandhyaḥ (ndhyā ndhyaṃ) (Lit. and Fig.), a. b. woman bandhyā K. b. whose anger is not b. abandhyakopaḥ (pā paṃ), Ki. i. 33.;
     2 niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ) (not applied to females: v. unfruitful). Ph. b. soil anurvarā or aśasyapradā bhūmiḥ.

BARRENNESS:
     1 bandhyatā;
     2 bandhātvam (of females), Śr;
     3 niṣphalatā (fruitlessness).

BARRICADE (subs.): vṛkṣādinirmitaprākāraḥ.

BARRICADE (v. t.): vṛkṣādinā praveśamāgardīn avaruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.) v. To obstruct, block up.

BARRIER:
     I Fence, enclosure: q. v. vṛtiḥ.
     II An obstacle: q. v.
     1 pratibandhaḥ;
     2 pratyūhaḥ.
     III A boundary: q. v.: sīmā.

BARRISTER: *abhibhāṣakaviśeṣaḥ; vyavahārapaṇḍitaḥ.

BARROW:
     I A vehicle: hastacālitayānaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A castrated hog: utpāṭitavṛṣaṇaḥ śūkaraḥ (?).
     III A mound or hillock: q. v.

BARTER (subs.):
     1 vinimayaḥ;
     2 nimeyaḥ (rare);
     3 naimeyaḥ (rare): v. Exchange.

BARTER: (v. t.):
     1 ni-mayate vini- (me, c. 1.);
     2 pari-vartayati (c. of vṛt) Ph.: he b. ed a book for a cloth *sa pustakaṃ datvā vastraṃ jagrāha.

BARTER (v. i.): dravyāṇi vinimayate na vikriṇīte.

BASALT: prastaraviśeṣaḥ.

BASE (adj.):
     I Of mean parentage:
     1 anabhijātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 akulīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 duṣkulīnaḥ (nā naṃ). A b. man:
     1 prākṛtaḥ;
     2 pṛthagjanaḥ, Ki.
     II A bastard: vijanman (mfn.).
     III Mean, disingenuous:
     1 nikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 apakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 kadaryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ);
     4 jaghanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ);
     5 pāmaraḥ (rā raṃ).
     IV Of musical tones: gambhīraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Grave, deep. V. Of metals: nikṛṣṭaḥ or apakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ). Ph. b. metal kupyam.

BASE (subs.):
     I The bottom of any thing: adhobhāgaḥ: v. Foot, foundation.
     II In geo.: bhūḥ or bhūmiḥ, Li.

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BASED ON (as adj.): mūlaḥ (lā laṃ) (in comp.), b. on knowledge jñānamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

BASELESS: amūlakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Groundless, imaginary.

BASELY: expr. by the adj.: v. Meanly, disgracefully.

BASEMENT:
     1 mittimūlam;
     2 vāstu (n.):
     3 poṭaḥ.

BASENESS:
     I Meanness: q. v.:
     1 nikṛṣṭatā;
     2 kadaryatā;
     3 anāryatā.
     II Of birth: duṣkulīnatā.
     III Bastardy: vijanmatā.
     IV Of sounds: gāmmīryam. V. Of metal:
     1 nikṛṣṭatā;
     2 apakṛṣṭatā.

BASHFUL (adj.):
     1 lajjāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (applied only to persons);
     2 lajjālu (mfn.);
     3 lajjāvat (f. ): v. Modest, shamefaced.

BASHFULLY:
     1 salajjam;
     2 savrīḍam;
     3 satrapam.

BASHFULNESS:
     1 lajjāśīlatā;
     2 śālīnatā: v. Modesty.

BASIL: tulasī (the holy b.).

BASILICA: gharmaśālā (?).

BASILISK: sarpabhedaḥ; *takṣakaḥ.

BASIN:
     I A vessel for washing etc.:
     1 droṇī;
     2 bhāṇḍam (any vessel) in a. b. of indigo nīlībhāṇḍe, H. iii.
     II A reservoir:
     1 jalāśayaḥ;
     2 taḍāgaḥ;
     3 kāsāraḥ.
     III A b. round the root of a tree: ālavālam.
     IV dock: q. v. V. Geog. t. t.: *jalāghāraḥ.

BASIS (subs.): mūlam: v. Base, foundation.

BASK: ātapaṃ sevate ā- ni-, (sev, c. 1.), is b. ing in the morning sun bālātapaṃ sevate, v. t.

BASKET:
     1 peṭakaḥ or mañjūṣā (=a large b. or box for keeping clothes etc.);
     2 karaṇḍaḥ (a small b. for gathering flowers etc.);
     3 ḍallakam (=a moderate sized portable b.);
     4 vidalam or vaidalam (any b. work).

BASKING (subs.):
     1 ātapasevā;
     2 ātapaniṣevanam.

BAS-RELIEF or BASS-RELIEF: v. Relief.

BASS: in music: gambhīraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Base.

BASS, BAST (subs.): kaṭaḥ: v. Mat.

BASSOON: vaṃśīviśeṣaḥ.

BASTARD:
     1 jārajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (=child of a woman by her gallant);
     2 kānīnaḥ (, naṃ) (child of an unmarried woman);
     3 kaulaṭeyaḥ (yī yaṃ) or kaulaṭeraḥ (rī raṃ) = (child of a lewd woman);
     4 kuṇḍaḥ (a b. son born when the husband is alive);
     5 golakaḥ (a b. son born after the death of the husband);
     6 vijanman (mfn.) (not born in lawful wedlock).

BASTARDY:
     1 jārajatvam: v. Bastard;
     2 vijanmatā.

BASTE (v. t.):
     I To beat with a stick:
     1 yaṣṭyāghātaṃ karoti;
     2 laguḍena tāḍayati (c. of taḍ) : v. To beat.
     II To pour butter etc. over : siñcati ni-, (sic c. 6.).

BASTINADE (v. t.): *pādatale laguḍena tāḍayati (c. of taḍ): v. To beat.

BASTINADO (subs.): *laguḍena or yaṣṭinā pādatalatāḍanam.

BASTION: no equiv.: use vapra (mn.).

BAT:
     I An animal:
     1 bhaṅgārī,
     2 carmacaṭī;
     3 jatukā.
     II A club for playing: yaṣṭiḥ (?)

BATCH:
     I Of things:
     1 gaṇaḥ;
     2 saṃghaḥ :-
     II Of bread: *ekakālapakvaḥ sandhitāpūpasaṃghaḥ.

BATE: v. To abate.

BATH:
     I A receptacle for bathing: *snāna- pātram, is the b. ready *api prastutaṃ snānapātram.
     II Public b. s: snānaśālā. Ph.: to take a cold shower b. *śītalāsārodakaiḥ snāti (snā, c. 2).

BATHE (v. i.):
     1 snāti (snā, c. 2.);
     2 abhiṣekaṃ karoti (by pouring water);
     3 majjati ni-, (majj, c. 6.) (by plunging);
     4 avagāha (gāh, c. 1.) (by immersing, diving) (with acc.), to b. in the waters payovagāḍhum, Ki. viii. 27.;
     5 ā-plavate (pla, c. 1.) (Perh. by swimming).

BATHE (v. t.):
     1 snapayati (c. of snā);
     2 abhi - ṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.) (by pouring water)
     3 nimajjayati (c. of masj) (by plunging).

BATHER:
     1 snātṛ (m.);
     2 snāyin (m.).

BATHING (subs.):
     1 snānam;
     2 abhiṣekaḥ ;
     3 majjanam nimajjanam;
     4 avagāhanam;
     4 āplāvaḥ v. To bathe. Relating to b.: snānīya (yā yaṃ).

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BATHOS: *avatāraḥ.

BATON, BATOON (subs.): daṇḍaḥ.

BATTALION: *dalam. Five b. s of infantry pattīnāṃ pañca dalāni.

BATTEN (v. t.): āpyāyayati (c. of pyai): v. To fatten.

BATTER (v. t.):
     1 mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9);
     2 mathnāti (manth, c. 9);
     3 bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7)

BATTER, BATSTER: in cricket: *yaṣṭidharaḥ.

BATTERING-RAM: meṣaḥ; meṣākāralauhamukhaḥ prācīrabhañjakaḥ prākkālīnayuddhayantraviśeṣaḥ

BATTERY:
     I Assault:
     1 tāḍanam;
     2 prahāraḥ.
     II The act of battering
     1 mardanam;
     2 vimardanam;
     3 manthanam;
     4 bhañjanam.
     III A line of cannon: *kāmānacakram.
     IV Galvanic b.: *pracalavidujjananī ghaṭaśreṇī.

BATTLE:
     1 yuddham;
     2 raṇaḥ;
     3 samaraḥ;
     4 saṃgrāmaḥ;
     5 āhavaḥ;
     6 āyodhanam;
     7 ājiḥ;
     8 pradhanam;
     9 saṃyat (f.);
     10 saṃyugaḥ.

BATTLE-ARRAY:
     1 vyūhaḥ;
     2 balavinyāsaḥ;
     3 yuddhārthaṃ sainyasanniveśanam; To draw up in b.;
     1 vyūhate (ūh, c. 1):
     2 yuddhārthaṃ vinyasyati or viracayati.

BATTLE-AXE:
     1 paraśuḥ;
     2 paraśvadhaḥ. Armed with b.
     1 paraśudharaḥ;
     2 pāraścadhika.

BATTLE-CRY:
     1 siṃhanādaḥ;
     2 kṣveḍitam;
     3 kṣveḍā.

BATTLE-DOOR: *kandukatāḍanī.

BATLLE-FIELD:
     1 raṇabhūmiḥ;
     2 raṇāṅganam;
     3 yuddhabhūmiḥ;
     4 pradhanakṣitiḥ.

BATTLEMENT: vapraviśeṣaḥ; danturavṛtiḥ.

BAUBLE: *sudṛśyamakiñcitkaradravyam.

BAWD:
     1 kuṭṭinī;
     2 śambhalī: v. Procuress.

BAWDRY: kuṭṭinīvyavasāyaḥ and sim. comp. s.

BAWDY: v. Obscene, filthy, unchaste.

BAWL (v. i.):
     1 ut-krośati (kruś, c. 1);
     2 uccaiḥ śabdāyate (nomi.);
     3 rasati (ras, c. 1).

BAWLING (subs.):
     1 utkrośaḥ;
     2 vikrośaḥ;
     3 citkāraḥ.

BAY (adj.): piṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ) (?). A b. horse: ukānahaḥ (very rare).

BAY (subs.):
     I An arm of the sea: *khātam.
     II A Tree: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.
     III In. pl., garlands made of its branches: *jayamālā.

BAY, AT: mukhāmukhi.

BAY (v. i.):
     1 bukkayati (bukk, c. 10);
     2 bhaṣati (bhaṣ, c. 1).

BAYONET (subs.): nistriṃśaḥ may be used: Scimitar.

BAYONET (v. t.): nistriṃśena vidhyati (vyadha, c. 4).

BAY-WINDOW: *pralambavātāyanam.

BAZAR (subs.):
     1 paṇyavīthikā;
     2 āpaṇaḥ.

BDELLIUM:
     1 guggulaḥ;
     2 ulūkhalam.

BE:
     I As a logical copula:
     1 bhavati (bhū, c. 1), it is long-necked dīrdhagrīvaḥ sa bhavati, U. iv.; the hearts of good men are always compassionate karuṇārdrāṇi satāṃ khalu bhavanti sadā cetāṃsi, K. N. B. It is often understood: the end of aims is beyond comprehension duraghigamā hi gatiḥ prayojanānām, Ki. x. 40.
     II Denoting existence, presence: asti, there was formerly a king named Śudraka āsīdrājā śūdrako nāma, K.; and there are heaps of gems santi ratnanicayāśca bhūriśaḥ, Ki. xiii. 55. N. B. Note (a) that this verb is exclusively used for there is-, there was-, etc.; (b) that in this sense, it is gen. placed at the beginning of the sentence; and (c) that this verb is defective and its non-conjugational tenses are supplied by those of bhū and hence we meet with phrases like abhūnnṛpaḥ (-there was a king), B. i. 1.;
     2 vartate saṃ-, (vṛt, c. 1), in a moment you will be in your realm kṣaṇāt svāghikārabhūmau vartiṣyate, Sa. vii.: v. To be present. Ph.: here are we ime smaḥ, Sa. iv.; be it so evamastu mavatu.
     III To become: q. v.: bhavati.

BE OVER: Ph. let the rain be over bhavatu vṛṣṭherupaśamaḥ, H. iii.: v. To cease.

BEACH:
     1 roghas (n.);
     2 kūlam: v. Shore.

BEACON: *ākāśadīpaḥ śatrorāgamanasūcanāya samudrayāyināṃ ca pathadarśanāyonnatabhūbhāgasthāpitā maholkā.

BEAD (subs.):
     1 gulī;
     2 gulikā;
     3 guṭī;
     4 guṭikā. A string of b. s mālā; a rosary of b. s:
     1 akṣamālā;
     2 japamālā.

BEADLE: Perh. śodhanakaḥ, Mr. ix.

BEAGLE: ākheṭikaḥ kukkuraprabhedaḥ.

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BEAK:
     I Of birds:
     1 cañcuḥ;
     2 cañcūḥ;
     3 troṭiḥ;
     4 mukham;
     5 tuṇḍaḥ.
     II Of ships: *cañcavākāraṃ potamukham.

BEAKED (adj.):
     1 cañcumat (f. );
     2 cañcuviśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

BEAKER (subs.): caṣakaḥ: v. Cup.

BEAM (subs.): Of a house: tulā, Si. iii. 50.
     II Of a balance:
     1 tulādaṇḍaḥ;
     2 tulādhāraḥ.
     III Of a loom:
     1 veman (n.);
     2 vāpadaṇḍaḥ;
     3 vāyadaṇḍaḥ.
     IV Of a carriage: dhur (f.): v. Pole.
     V A ray of light: (aṃśuḥ;
     2 kiraṇaḥ: v. Ray.

BEAM (v. i.):
     I Lit.: bhāsate (bhās, c. 1): To gleam, glitter.
     II Fig.:
     1 lasati ut- prot-, (las, c. 1);
     2 sphurati (sphur, c. 6).

BEAN:
     1 śimbā;
     2 śimbiḥ.

BEAR (v. t.):
     I To carry: q. v.: vahati (vah, c. 1)
     II To sustain, support:
     1 vahati, bore the bent down head with difficulty uvāha duḥkhena bhṛśānataṃ śiraḥ, Si. i. 57.
     2 bibharti (bhṛ, c. 3), easily bore the great burden of state mahāntaṃ taṃ rājyabhāramanāyāsenaiva babhāra, K. III. To suffer, endure: q. v.:
     1 vahati ut- (rare in this sense), surely distress...is very difficult to be borne duḥkhāni nūnamatimātradurudvahāṃni, Sa. iv.;
     2 sahate pra- vi-, (sah, c. 1), could not b. the respect (paid to Krishna) mānamasahata na, Si. xv. 1.; the faculty of b. ing cold, heat and wind śītoṣṇavātaprasahiṣṇutā, Ka. xv. 37.
     IV To bring forth, produce: q. v.:
     1 vahati (very rare);
     2 sūte (, c. 2), immediatly the Aśoka tree bore flowers asūta sadyaḥ kusumānyaśokaḥ, Ku. iii. 26.;
     3 bibharti (rare), Ki. viii. 4. V. To cherish, q. v. Ph.; I. b. no hatred towards you tvayi mama dveṣo nāsti or na vidyate etc.
     VI To behave: q. v.
     VII To admit: q. v. Ph.: to be. witness sākṣyaṃ dadāti (, c. 3); to b company sahacaraḥ (rī raṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. 1) (with gen.); to b. a hand hastaṃ dadāti (?); to b. a name nāma bibharti M. ii. 157.; your good policy has borne fruit phalitā tava sunītiḥ. D. ii.

BEAR AGAINST: abhi-vartate (vṛt, c. 1), Ki. xii. 3.

BEAR BACK: parā-vartate (vṛt, c. 1): v. To retreat.

BEAR DOWN (v. i.): sannipatati (pat, c. 1): v. To hasten, approach.

BEAR OFF:
     V To carry away.

BEAR ON, or UPON: I To press, affect: q. v.:
     1 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10);
     2 bādhate (bādh, c. 1)
     II To have reference to: q. v.: lagati (lag, c. 1).

BEAR OUT:
     I To carry out: q. v.
     II Fig. to support: q. v.: draḍhayati (nomi).

BEAR UP:
     I Trans: v. To support.
     II Intrans.:
     1 udvahati, (with acc.); could not b. under the weight dhuramudvoḍhuṃ na śaśāka;
     2 sahate (with acc.): v. To resist.

BEAR WITH: sahate (sah, c. 1): v. To endure.

BEAR (subs.):
     I An animal:
     1 bhallaḥ;
     2 bhallu (llū) kaḥ;
     3 ṛkṣaḥ;
     4 acchabhallaḥ;
     5 bhāllūkaḥ.
     II A constellation: Ph.: the little b. śiśumāraḥ (?) V. p. The seven stars of the Great Bear:
     1 saptarṣimaṇḍalam; citraśikhaṇḍinaḥ.

BEARD (subs.):
     I Of men etc.:
     1 śmaśru (n.);
     2 kūrcam;
     3 mukharoman (n.)
     II Of corn:
     1 śūkam;
     2 śuṅgaḥ;
     3 kiṃśāruḥ.

BEARD (v. t.)
     I To seize by the beard: śmaśruṇā or śmaśruṇi gṛhṇāti (graha c. 9).
     II To defy openly; nyakkaroti (?): v. To insult.

BEARDED (adj.)
     I Lit.:
     1 śmaśrulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 kūrcagharaḥ (rā raṃ), even by long-b. goats pralambakūrcadharaiśchāgairapi, K. Ph. a b. woman poṭā (rare)
     II As corn:
     1 by comp. b. corn śukaghānyam;
     2 śuṅgin (f. );
     3 śukavat (f. ).
     III Bearded: q. v.

BEARDLESS:
     1 śmaśruhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 anudbhinnaśmaśru (mfn.);
     3 ajātaśmaśru (mfn.). N. B.
     2 and
     3 mean one whose beard has not come out.

BEARER: i. e. porter, carrier: q. v.:
     1 vāhakaḥ;
     2 vāhaḥ; (at the end of a comp.). Letter b. patravāhaḥ; corpse b.;
     1 śavavāhaḥ;
     2 pretaniharikaḥ.

BEARING (subs.):
     I Gesture, mien: q. v.: ceṣṭā; his b. is not as before asya ceṣṭā nāmāyathāpūrvam D. viii.
     II Relation, reference: q. v. Ph. what b. has your argument on this subject *asyaviṣayasya tavopapatteśca kaḥ sambanghaḥ.
     III Relative situation: Ph. the b. of the cape is n. w. *asmāt paścimottarasthamantarīpam; ascertain the b. s of the lighthouse katamasmindigbhāge dīpagṛhamiti jñāyatām.

BEARISH: v. Rude, surly.

BEAST:
     I An irrational animal:
     1 paśuḥ;
     2 tiryac (n.) (rare), a b. of prey: śvāpadaḥ; a b. burden dhuryaḥ: v. Animal.
     II A brutal man: paśuḥ, Ve.: v. Brute.

BEASTLINESS: jaghanyatā: v. Filthiness.

BEASTLY: jaghanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ): V. Filthy.

BEAT (v. t.):
     I To strike: q. v.:
     1 tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10), b. ing her breast sorastāḍam, Vi. vi.; to b. in return pratīpaṃ tāḍayati, Mr. xi.;
     2 hanti ā- abhi- ni-, (han, c. 2), of un-b. en drums anāhatasya dundubheḥ, Ki. xviii. 17.
     II To defeat: q. v.:
     1 bhanakti (mañj, c. 7), b. the king's troops in the battle rājānīkaṃ babhañjājau, Raj.;
     2 khaṇḍayati pari, (khaṇḍ, c. 10), B. xii. 17.; being b. en by the enemy khaṇḍanāṃ prāpya parāt, Ki. xvii. 60.

BEAT (v. i.):
     I To strike, knock; q. v.; tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10) (with acc.)
     II To palpitate: q. v.:
     1 kampate (kamp, c. l); vepate (vep, c. 1).

BEAT BACK or OFF: vi-drāvayati (c. of dru): v. To drive back.

BEAT DOWN:
     I To break, crush, or press down: q. v.
     II Of price: laghayati (nomi.): v. To lessen.

BEAT-OUT: Of metals: Perh. āhanti (han, c. 2): v. To forge.

BEAT-UP:
     I To attack suddenly: alakṣitam ākrāmati: v. To attack.
     II As eggs: Perh mṛdnāti (mṛd, c. 9) or gharṣati (dhṛṣ, c. 1).

BEAT UPON: Ph. the foam of big waves b. ing upon the rocks upalāhatoddhatataraṅgadhṛtaṃ phenamapām, Ki. vi. 10.

BEATEN (adj.):
     1 kṣuṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ) from the b. track kṣuṇṇādvartmanaḥ, R. i. 17.;
     2 prahataḥ (tā taṃ) M. n.

BEATIFIC: niḥśreyasakaraḥ (rī raṃ), Ki. xi. 19: Blessed, blissful.

BEATIFICATION: *divyajanatvāropaṇam; siddhilābhaprakhyāpanam: v. Next art.

BEATIFY:
     I To bless, make happy: q. v.: sukhayati.
     II t. t. in the Romish church *divaṃgataḥ (tā taṃ) iti prakhyāpayati; divyajanatvam āropayati.

BEATING (subs.):
     I The act of striking:
     1 tāḍanā;
     2 tāḍanabh.
     II Of the heart: kampaḥ. Ph. b. time (in music): tālaḥ.

BEATITUDE:
     1 mokṣaḥ;
     2 muktiḥ;
     3 apavargaḥ;
     4 niḥśreyasam;
     5 siddhiḥ;
     6 nirvāṇam.

BEAU:
     1 suveśin (m.);
     2 subhagammanyaḥ;
     3 subhagamānin (m.): v. Fop.

BEAUTEOUS:
     1 sundaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 rabhyaḥ (myā myaṃ); v. Beautiful.

BEAUTIFIER: i. e. a lady's maid:
     1 prasādhikā;
     2 ñlaṅkartrī.

BEAUTIFUL:
     1 sundaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 ramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 kamanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     5 cāru (f. rvī);
     6 kāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     7 peśalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     8 mañjulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     9 abhirāmaḥ (mā maṃ);
     10 manojñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ);
     11 by su in comp.; a girl with a b. face sumukhī; Ph.: oh, what a b. morning aho ramaṇīyatā prabhātasya, Dh.; oh, what a b. place aho rāmaṇīyakamasya, Na. I.

BEAUTIFULLY:
     1 sundaram;
     2 cāru;
     3 śobhanam;
     4 by the adj.

BEAUTIFY:
     1 bhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10);
     2 prasādhayati (c. of sāgh): v. To adorn.

BEAUTY:
     1 saundaryam;
     2 cārutā (=loveliness);
     3 ramaṇīyatā (=pleasantness);
     4 śobhā (splendour);
     5 rūpam (=b. of person);
     6 lāvaṇyam (=prettiness);
     7 abhikhyā (rare). Ph.: a. b. (=beautiful girl) sundarī; the b. s of poem. kāvyasya madhūni (?); enchanted with the b. s of nature prākṛtikaśobhayāhṛtacittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ); attained the b. of a bed śayanīyalakṣmīṃ babhāra, Ki. viii. 57.; vying with the b. of the ocean payodhilakṣmīmuṣi, N. i. 117.: N. B. In the same sense śrī, which is more common in comps.

BEAVER:
     I An animal: *vivaraḥ vivareśayaścatuṣpādajantubhedaḥ.
     II A b. hat: *vivaralomanirmitamiyurūpīyajanabhṛtaśiraskam.
     III Of a helmet: *śiraskasyapa civukapracchādakabhāgaḥ.

BECAFICO: drākṣādiphalabhakṣako kṣudrapakṣimedaḥ.

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BECALM (v. t.): śamayati pra- upa-, (c. of śam): v. To appease.

BECAUSE (conj.):
     1 iti; poems are not good b. old, nor faultly b. new purāṇamityeva na sādhu sarvaṃ na cāpi kāvyaṃ navamityavadyam, Mal. I. N. B. Note the position of iti;
     2 hi (never at the beginning of a sentence), b. you see that a rich man feels pain at the loss of his wealth (you cannot conclude that) he will have the same pain when he assumes mendicancy na hi dhanino dhanāpahāranimittaṃ duḥkhaṃ dṛṣṭamiti tasyaiva pravrajitasya tadeva duḥkhaṃ bhavati, S. i. 4.: v. For. N. B. Observe that na hi is the best way of expressing because...not.
     3 kutaḥ or kasmāt (=why) with abl.: here the word āyatana means something else, b. we hear that it is the bridge of ambrosia tatrārthāntaraṃ kimapyāyatanaṃ syāditi prāptam kasmāt? amṛtasyaiṣa seturiti śravaṇāt, S. iii. 1.

BECAUSE OF (prep.): By ins. or abl. etc.: v. Account of, on.

BECK (subs.):
     1 saṅketaḥ;
     2 saṃjñā;
     3 iṅgitam.

BECKON (v. i.): saṃjñāṃ saṅketaṃ or iṅgitaṃ dadāti (, c. 3).

BECKON (v. t.): iṅgitena or saṃjñayā āhvayati samā-, (hve, c. 1).

BECOME (v. i.): bhavati (bhū, c. 1), what in the forest became of the deer-eyed (damsel) kimamavat vipine hariṇīdṛśaḥ, U. iii.
     2 sampadyate (pad, c. 4). (rare) Me. i. 16. N.B. This verb in connexion with adj. s, is (a) often expr. by verbs of motion with corres. sub. s.: became very sorry paraṃ viṣādamagamat. P. i. 2.; b. s an object of hatred to the people dveṣyatāṃ yāti loke, P. i. 3.; b. s of no use vrajati vyarthakatām, Si. xvi. 43. (b) and by verbs meaning to produce: b. ing very sorry samupajātaśokā, K. (his) face became terrible ānanaṃ krūramajani, Si. xv. 8. (c) and sometimes by verbs meaning to obtain: became surprised vismayamāpede, K. (d) by inceptive verbs: to b. congealed ghanībhavati.

BECOME (v. t.):
     1 yujyate (pass. of yuj) (with) gen.);
     2 upa-padyate (pad, c. 4) (with gen.). Better by the adj. s anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ), sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ); upapannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ); yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), etc. (with gen. or in comp.): we are going to act in a way, b. ing our prowess gacchāmo vayaṃ vikramānurūpamācaritum, Ve. I.; and what b. s such love īdṛśasya cānurāgasya sadṛśam, R.; this does not b. men like you anupapannamidaṃ bhavadvidhānāṃ, Ve. iii.

BECOMING (adj.):
     1 ucitaḥ samucitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 upayuktaḥ yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Suitable.

BECOMING, IT IS: sāmprataṃ, is not b. (for me) to speak now sampratyasāmprataṃ vaktum, Si. ii. 70.

BECOMINGNESS:
     1 aucityam;
     2 yogyatā;
     3 sāmañjasyam.

BED (subs.):
     I For sleeping:
     1 śayyā, (best equiv.) a soft feather b. haṃsatūlagarbhakomalaśayyā, D. ii.; making his bed uparacayya śayyām, D. v.; leave your b. muñca śayyām, R. v. 66.; confined to b. śayyāgataḥ (tā taṃ) or śayyāgrastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 śayanīyam;
     3 talpam;
     4 saṃstaraḥ;
     5 śayanam, got out of b. śayanāntādutthitaḥ (tā taṃ) Si. xi. 7. (more commonly) suptotthitaḥ (tā taṃ) Sa.;
     6 auśīram (rare). Ph. defiler of a preceptor's b. gurutalpagaḥ; defiler of other's beds pāratalpikaḥ, D.; to go to b. śete (śī, c. 2): v. To sleep.
     II Marriage: q. v.: vivāhaḥ.
     III Stratum, layer: q. v.: bhittiḥ (?), in gold b. ed summits kāñcanabhittiṣu sānuṣu, Ki. v. 8.
     IV Bottom of a stream:
     1 talam;
     2 adhobhāgaḥ V. Garden-bed: prastaraḥ or saṃstaraḥ.

BEDABLE (v. t.):
     1 siñcati (sic, c. 6);
     2 ukṣati (ukṣ, c. 1) v. To sprinkle.

BEDAUB (v. t.): limpati vi-, (limp, c. 6): v. To besmear.

BED-CHAMBER:
     1 śayanāgāram;
     2 śayanagṛham;
     3 vāsagṛhama. (properly speaking, these words mean houses, as the Hindus had and even still gen. have separate houses for sleeping: śayanakoṣṭhaḥ would be exact equiv.).

BED-CLOTHES, BEDDING:
     1 śayyopaskarāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 śayyopakaraṇāni (n. pl.).

BEDECK (v. t.):
     1 vibhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10);
     2 maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10) v. To adorn.

BEDEW (v. t.) v. To moisten. Ph. her breast b. ed with drops of tear aśrubindutārakitapayogharā, D. ii.

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BED-HANGINGS: vitānam: v. Curtains.

BEDIM (v. t.): To dim, obscure.

BEDIZEN (v. t.): no exact equiv.: maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10): v. To adorn.

BEDLAM (subs.): *vātulāśramaḥ: v. Madhouse.

BEDLAMITE:
     1 vātulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. mad man.

BEDRENCH: v. To drench.

BED-RID, BED-RIDDEN:
     1 śayyāgataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śayyāgrastaḥ (stā staṃ).

BED-ROOM: śayanāgāram: v. Bed-chamber.

BED-SHEET:
     1 śayyottaracchadaḥ;
     2 āstaraṇam.

BED-STEAD:
     1 paryaṅkaḥ;
     2 khaṭvā, a small b. khaṭvikā.

BED TIME:
     1 śayanakālaḥ;
     2 śayyāgamanasamayaḥ (?)

BEE:
     1 kṣudrā;
     2 saraghā;
     2 madhumakṣikā; as b. s follow their queen yathā madhukararājaṃ maghumakṣikā anuvartante, D. s.

BEE-EATER: *saraghābhuj (m.); madhumakṣikāśin (m.); pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

BEE-HIVE:
     1 chattrakaḥ;
     2 karaṇḍaḥ;
     3 madhukoṣaḥ.

BEECH: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; B. -nut *bīcphalam.

BEEF. gomāṃsam. Roast b. *śūlyagomāṃsam, Salt b. *lāvaṇagomāṃsam. A b. -steak bhṛṣṭagomāṃsakhaṇḍam.

BEER: yavasuram; madirāviśeṣaḥ.

BEET: pālaṅkaḥ (a species of the b.).

BEETLE:
     I An insect: gomayotthā.
     II A rammer: mudgaraḥ.

BEETLE (v.) pralambate (lamb, c. 1): v. To project, overhang.

BEETLE-BROWED (adj.): unnatabhrū (n. bhru) (?).

BEEVES:
     1 gāvaḥ (m. pl.);
     2 gavāṃ kadambakam and sim. expressions.

BEFALL (v.): ni-patati sam- ā-, (pat, c. l) v. To happen.

BEFIT (v. t.):
     1 yujyate;
     2 upapadyate: v. To become, suit.

BEFITTING (adj.):
     1 yathocitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 yathāyogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ): v. Fitting.

BEFOOL (v.): mohayati vi-, (c. of muh): v. To delude, deceive.

BEFORE (prep.):
     I In front of:
     1 puras, b. him puro'sya, Si. i. 12.;
     2 purataḥ, b. the army sainyasya purataḥ, Vi. vii.;
     3 agre, I will quit my life b. you tavāgre prāṇamokṣaṇaṃ karomi, P. ii. p.;
     4 agrataḥ, Ku. iv. 26.;
     5 abhitaḥ, Ki. ii. 59.; N.B. Note that the first four are const. with gen., but
     5 with the acc. Ph.: b. the wind anuvātam.
     II Before the eyes of: samakṣam (with gen., or in comp. or absol). b. Umā umāsamakṣam; b. her two friends sakhyoḥ samakṣam, b. her own eyes samakṣam, Ku. iii. 64., 75.; v. I.
     III Of time, succession, etc.:
     1 prāka (with abl.), b. Chandragupta's entry prāk candraguptapraveśāt, Mu. ii.;
     2 pūrvam (with abl.), after daughter's son, but b. the mother dauhitrātparato mātṛtaśca pūrvam, Da.

BEFORE (adv.):
     I Of space:
     1 puras, from b. purastāt, K.:
     2 purataḥ;
     3 agrataḥ;
     4 agre.
     II Of time:
     1 purā (=formerly: q. v.):
     2 pūrvam not seen or known or felt b. apūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ); not heard b. aśrutapūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ). N.B. Observe the cons. of yāvat na...tāvat.. b. the Demons laughed in this way, his (step) found measure in the sky yāvaditthamahasanna dānavāstāvadasya na mamau nabhastale, Si. xiv. 75.; see also B. xii. 4., Si. i. 12.

BEFORE-HAND:
     1 prāgeva;
     2 pūrvameva;
     3 prathamameva;
     4 ādāveva.

BEFORE-MENTIONED: pūrvoktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 prāguktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     3 pūrvoditaḥ (tā taṃ).

BEFOUL:
     1 malinayati;
     2 kalūṣayati;
     3 dūṣayati: v. To soil.

BEFRIEND (v. t.): anukūlayati (nomi.): v. To aid, favour.

BEG (v. i.):
     1 bhikṣate (bhikṣ, c. 1);
     2 bhikṣāṃ yācate (yāc, c. 1) etc.

BEG (v. t.):
     1 añjaliṃ baddhvā (=joining the palms) or jānubhyāṃ sthitvā (=kneeling) or pādayoḥ patitvā (=falling on one's feet) nivedayati vijñāpayati etc. (to inform, q. v.);
     2 yācate: v. To ask. Ph. to b. the question prameyaṃ pramitaṃ parigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9) etc. (?)

BEGET (v. t.):
     1 janayati upa- pra- vi-, (c. of jan) (Lit. and Fig.) b. ting. a child by her janayitvā sutaṃ tasyām, M. iii. 17.;
     2 utpādayati samut-, (c. of pad), the child that a Brahmin lustfully b. s by a Śudra woman yaṃ brāhmaṇastu śūdrāyāṃ kāmādutpādayet sutam, M.: v. To bring forth, produce, cause.

BEGETTER:
     1 janayitṛ (m.);
     2 janakaḥ;
     3 utpādakaḥ: v. Father.

BEGETTING (subs.):
     1 jananam;
     2 prajananam;
     3 utpādanam.

BEGGAR (subs.):
     I A mendicant:
     1 bhikṣuḥ;
     2 bhikṣukaḥ (, f.).
     II A very poor person:
     1 daridraḥ (drā draṃ);
     2 akiñcanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Indigent.
     III One who begs:
     1 yācakaḥ;
     2 vanīyakaḥ: v. Solicitor.

BEGGAR (v. t.): daridraḥ (drā draṃ) or niḥsvaḥ (svā svaṃ) karoti (kṛ, c. 8)

BEGGARLY (adj.) kṛpaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (?): v. Mean, contemptible.

BEGGARY: dāridryam: v. Poverty, indigence.

BEGGING (subs.):
     1 bhikṣā;
     2 bhikṣaṇam;
     3 bhikṣāṭanam (going about b.)

BEGIN (v.):
     1 ārabhate prā- samā-, (rama, c. l) the low people do not b. from fear of obstacles prārabhyate na khalu vidhnabhayena nīcaiḥ, Mu. ii.;
     2 pravartate (vṛt, c. l) (with. inf. or loc.), began to weep rodituṃ pravṛttā, Sa. v.; the singing is begun pravṛttaṃ saṅgītakam, Mal. i.
     3 upa- kramate pra-, (kram, c. l) (gen. with inf.), began thus to speak vaktumitthamupacakrame vacaḥ, Ki. xiii. 36;
     4 pra-stauti (stu, c. 2) (rare), b. the holy ceremony prastutaṃ karma dharmyam, B. ii. 28;
     5 pra-kurute (kṛ, c. 8) (rare), began to speak udīrayituṃ pracakre, N. xiii. 15.

BEGINNER:
     I One who begins:
     1 ārabdhṛ (f. bghrī);
     2 upakrantṛ (f. ntrī).
     II A novice: q. v.: navacchātraḥ (f. trī).

BEGINNING (subs.):
     I Commencement:
     1 ārambhaḥ;
     2 prārambhaḥ;
     3 samārammaḥ.
     II The first cause: ādiḥ, you are the b. of the world but you yourself have no b., you are the end of the world, but you yourself have no end jagadādiranādistvaṃ jagadanto nirantakaḥ, Ku. ii. 9.: v. Cause, origin.
     III The first state: ādiḥ, in the b. (God) created water apa eva sasarjādau, M. i. 8.; I want to hear from the b. āditaḥ śrotumicchāmi, Mu. ii.; from the b. to the end ādyantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).
     IV Rudiments: q. v.

BEGIRD (v. t.):
     I To gird: q. v,
     II To encompass: q. v.: pariveṣṭate.

BEGONE (interj.): apehi apasara, etc. (imper. dual sing.).

BEGRIMED (adj.): kaluṣitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 dūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ). B. with dust dhūlidhūsaritaḥ (tā taṃ).

BEGRUDE: v. To grudge.

BEGUILE (v. t.):
     I To cheat, deceive: q. v. vi-pralabhate (labh, c. l).
     II Of time: Ph. b. d the day with various anecdotes kathābhirvinodyamānastaṃ divasamavāhayat, K.

BEGUILER: vañcakaḥ: v. Deceiver.

BEHALF OF, IN OR ON:
     1 artham, on my b. madartham;
     2 kṛte (with gen.) on b. of the Śudra vṛṣalasya kṛte: v. For, on account of.

BEHAVE (v. t.):
     1 ācarati (car, c. l), the king b. d very ungentlemanly towards Śakuntalā tena rājñā śakuntalāyāmanāryamācaritam, Sa. iv.;
     2 vartate (vṛt, c. l) (with loc.) b. politely towards him asmin vinayena vartatām, U. vi.; b. towards the other wives as dear friends kuru priyasakhīvṛttiṃ sapatnījane Sa. iv.;
     3 vyavaharati (hṛ, c. l), what (he) b. s towards me by (asking for) an interchange of acts kathaṃ kāryavinimayena mayi vyavaharati, Mal. i.;
     4 yatate pra-, (yat, c. l) (to b. persistently), you should b. in such a way that she will be soon your worthy attendant tathā prayatitavyaṃ yatheyamaticiramucitā paricārikā te bhavatīti, K.

BEHAVIOUR:
     1 vṛttiḥ;
     2 ācāraḥ;
     3 vyavahāraḥ.

BEHEAD (v. t.): śiraḥ or mūrdhānaṃ or śīrṣaṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7) or kṛntati (kṛt, or c. 7) or lunāti (lu, c. 5) (with gen.).

BEHEADING (subs.):
     1 śiraśchedaḥ;
     2 śīrṣaśchedaḥ;
     3 bhūrdhacchedaḥ.

BEHEST (subs.):
     1 ājñā;
     2 nideśaḥ: v. Command.

BEHIND (prep.):
     I At the back of:
     1 pṛṣṭhataḥ (with gen.);
     2 anu (with acc.);
     3 paścāt (with gen.), b. them tāsāṃ paścāt, Ku. Ph. from b. the bushes latāvyavahitaḥ (tā taṃ), Sa. iii.
     II In a state of inferiority to:
     1 nīcaḥ (cā caṃ):
     2 adhaḥsthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ): v. Inferior.

BEHIND (adv.):
     1 pṛṣṭhataḥ (=on or from the back), shuts the king's eyes from b. pṛṣṭhenāgatya rājño locane saṃvṛṇoti, V. iii.;
     2 paścāt, from b. paścādetya. V. iii.; putting b. paścātkriyā, Ki. xviii. 42.

BEHOLD (v. t.):
     1 paśyati (dṛś, c. l);
     2 ava-lokayati vi-, (lok, c. 10); v. To see, look at.

BEHOLD (interj.) paśya or paśya paśya (imper. dual sing).

BEHOLDEN (part. adj.): v. Obliged, indebted.

BEHOLDER:
     1 prekṣakaḥ;
     2 darśakaḥ;
     3 draṣṭṭa (m.)

BEHOOF (subs.) lābhaḥ: v. Advantage, benefit.

BEHOVE (v. impers.): Expr. by the future pass. part: it b. s you to forgive this fault ayamaparādho bhavatā marṣayitavyaḥ, Sa. iv.: v. Ought.

BEING (subs.):
     I Existence:
     1 astitvam;
     2 sadbhāvaḥ;
     3 satvam,
     4 sattā, endowed with b. by birth janmanā labdhasattākasya, S. i. 2.
     II That with exists:
     1 bhūtam, of mortal and immortal b. s martyāmartyasya bhūtagrāmasya, U. vii.;
     2 satvaḥ;
     3 vivekin (m.) (=rational b.);
     4 cetanaḥ (=sentient b.); (prāṇin prāṇabhṛt (m.) (=one endowed with life);
     6 śarīrin dehin (m.) (=corporeal b.) Ph. the Supreme B. parameśvaraḥ.

BEING (part.): When=from the fact of being ., expr. by the abl.: v. From, since, in as much as.

BELABOUR: tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10): V. To beat, cudgel.

BELAY:
     I To block up: q. v.
     II To fasten: q. v.

BELCH (v.):
     1 ut-vamati (vam, c. l); ut-girati (gṝ, c. 6).

BELCH, BELCHING (subs.):
     1 (udvamaḥ;
     2 udvamanam;
     3 udgāraḥ;
     4 udgiraṇam.

BELDAM: vṛddhā: v. Old woman, hag.

BELEAGUER (v. t.): ruṇaddhi ava- upa, (rudh, c. 7): v. To besiege, blockade.

BELFRY: *ghaṇṭāśṛṅgam; yasmin prāsādaśṛṅge vādanāya ghaṇṭā sthāpyate.

BELIE (v. t.):
     I To show to be false: expr. by
     1 vyanakti (vyañj, c. 7);
     2 vi-vṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5);
     3 prakāśayati (nomi.) etc. (=to show: q. v.) the (wanton sword of) language of bad men b. s their heart hṛdayaṃ nigūhataḥ sphurannasādhorvivṛṇoti vāgasiḥ, Ki. xiv. 12.
     II To calumniate, misrepresent: q. v.: apa-vadati (vad, c. l).

BELIEF (subs.):
     I Credence:
     1 viśvāsaḥ, worthy of b. viśvāsayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ): v. Credible;
     2 pratyayaḥ.
     II Religious faith:
     1 śraddhā;
     2 viśvāsaḥ;
     3 āstikyam;
     4 āstikyabuddhiḥ
     III Doctrine, opinion: q. v. matam.
     IV The object of belief: expr. by the verb: ghosts are the belief of fools *mūrkhā bhūteṣu viśvasanti.

BELIEVE (v. i.):
     I To have faith in:
     1 viśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.) (with loc.) when does a virgin b. in man puṃsi viśvasiti kutra kumārī, N. v. 100.
     2 pratyeti (i, c. 2.) (with acc.) every body b. s in the existence of his self sarvo hyātmāstitvaṃ pratyeti, S.
     II To think, suppose: q. v.:
     1 sambhāvayati;
     2 manyate (man, c. 4.).

BELIEVE (v. t.):
     1 pratyeti, if you don't b. me yadi mama vacane na pratyeṣi, Ra.;
     2 viśvasiti, so that his Highness would b. me yathā māṃ viśvased vibhuḥ, A. r.;
     3 śraddadhāti or śraddhatte (dhā, c. 3) who will b. the real fact kaḥ śraddhāsyati bhūtārtham, Mr. iii.;
     4 sambhāvayati (c. of bhūḥ =to think possible), who will b. that the Maurya king sold the ornament maurye bhūṣaṇavikrayaṃ narapatau ko nāma sambhāvayet, Mr. v. Ph. I dont b. this atra me'pratyayaḥ.

BELIEVER (subs.):
     1 śraddhāluḥ;
     2 viśvāsin (m.);
     3 āstikaḥ (a religious b.).

BELL: ghaṇṭā, to ring a b. ghaṇṭāṃ vādayati (c. of vad); small tinkling b. s kiṅkiṇī, B. man: v. Bellringer.

BELL-FOUNDER: *ghaṇṭākāraḥ.

BELL-FOUNDRY: *ghaṇṭāsandhānaśālā.

BELL-METAL: *ghoṣaḥ; tāmratrapumiśritopadhātubhedaḥ kāṃsyam (properly an alloy of copper and zinc).

BELL-RINGER:
     1 ghaṇṭāvādakaḥ;
     2 ghaṇṭātāḍaḥ;
     3 ghāṇṭikaḥ.

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BELLE:
     1 sundarī;
     2 mattakāśinī;
     3 varavarṇinī.

BELLES-LETTERS: alaṅkārādiśāstram: v. Literature.

BELLIGERENT:
     1 yudhyamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 raṇābhiyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

BELLOW (v. i.); nardati (nard, c. l.): v. To roar, sound.

BELLOWING (subs.):
     1 narditam;
     2 nardanam;
     3 garjanam: v. Roaring.

BELLOWS:
     1 bhastrā, a black-smith's b. karmakārabhastrā, H.;
     2 dṛtiḥ;
     3 carmaprasevikā. one who has a big b. tuṇḍilaḥ or piciṇḍilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II The womb: q. v.: kukṣiḥ.
     III The stomach: q. v.

BELLY, BELLY OUT (v. i.): v. Swell out, project.

BELLY-ACHE: udaraśūlam, Śr.; udaravedanā.

BELLY-BAND: udaratrāṇam: v. Girth.

BELLY-FUL (adv.): ākaṇṭham (=up to the neck), they ate b. amībhirākaṇṭhamabhoji, N. xvi. 92.

BELONG (v. i.):
     I To be the property of: expr. by the gen. with bhū gen. understood: it is said that a field b. s to him who clears the jungle sthānucchedakasya kedāramāhuḥ, M. ix. 44: v. Belonging to, have.
     II To relate to, concern: q. v.

BELONGING TO (as adj.):
     1 by- īya deriv. b. to another anyadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): b. to a king rājakīyaḥ;
     2 by- a der.: b. to the season ārtavaḥ (vī vaṃ); b. the next world pāralaukikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 by- ya der.: b. to one's father pitryaḥ (tryā tryaṃ); b. to a cow gavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ).

BELOVED (adj.):
     1 priyaḥ (yā yaṃ), o, my b. ayi priye, N.;
     2 iṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 vallabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     4 dayitaḥ (tā taṃ); v. Dear (II)

BELOW (prep.):
     I Of place:
     1 adhaḥ or adhastāt (with gen.);
     2 tale (with gen.), b. the bed paryaṅkatale, H.: v. Beneath, under.
     II Less than: Ph.: b. two years ūnadvivārṣikaḥ, M. v. 68.; v. Under.
     III Of rank or dignity: anu (with acc.): v. Beneath.

BELOW (adv.):
     I Of place:
     1 adhas;
     2 adhastāt (from b.)
     3 aghobhāge (not of motion);
     4 nīcaiḥ: v. Down.
     II In the regions of the dead:
     1 adholoke;
     2 adhobhuvane.
     III To those regions: adholokam etc.

BELT (subs.): mekhalā (also=sword-belt): v. Girdle.

BELT (v. t.): v. To encompass.

BEMOAN (v. t.):
     1 vi- lapati (lap, c. l.), b. s. the loss of his son putraśokena vilapati; b. s. the death of his brother bhrātṛmaraṇāt vilapati or bhātṛmaraṇaśokena vilapati;
     2 anuśocati (śuc, c. l.) (rare) I b. my fate bhāgyamanuśocāmi;
     3 paridevayati (dev, c. 10.) (rare) v. To lament, bewail. N.B. Observe that only
     2 takes a direct object.

BENCH
     I A seat: no equiv.: pīṭhaḥ; paṭṭaḥ; phalakaḥ, etc. may be used.
     II The seat of justice:
     1 dharmāsanam (the personal seat);
     2 adhikaraṇamaṇḍapaḥ, Mr. ix.;
     3 vyavahāramaṇḍapaḥ, Mr. ix.

BENCHER (of an inn of law): *sabhāsad.

BEND (v. t.);
     I To inflect:
     1 namayati ā- -ava-, (c. of nam), a bow not bent before dhanuranamitapūrvam, R. xi. 72.;
     2 āvarjayati (vṛja, c. 10), b. ing the boughs āvarjya śākhāḥ, R. xvi. 19.;
     3 vakrīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8) (=to curve);
     4 bhujati ā- vi-, (bhuj, c. 6.), b. ing his neck vibhujya kaṇṭhaṃ, N. xi. 12.;
     5 jihmayati (nomi.) (rare), Ph. (a bow that has been) bent: cakrīkṛtam, Ku.; maṇḍalīkṛtam or āvirmaṇḍalam, Ki. (dhanuḥ).
     II Fig.: To subdue: q. v.:
     1 namayati, R.;
     2 āvarjayati, D.
     III To apply or exert: q. v. Ph. to b. one's mind mano dadāti (, c. 3.); to b. the brow bhrūbhaṅgaṃ karoti.

BEND (v. i.)
     I To crook or be curving:
     1 namati ava- ā-, (nam, c. l.)(2) by bhavati and any one of the adj.s given under crooked, curved.
     II To bow: q. v.: namati.
     III To be closely directed. Ph. bent on revenge praticikīrṣu (mfn); bent on mischief jighāṃsu (mfn.) or hiṃsāparāyaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ); bent on religion dharmaparāyaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

BEND DOWN:
     I Trans.: ava-namayati ā-, (c. l. of nam).
     II Intrans.: ava-namati ā-, (nam, c. 1.); head much bent down with sorrow duḥkhena bhṛśānataṃ śiraḥ, Si.

BEND (subs): of a river:
     1 vakram;
     2 vaṅkaḥ;
     3 puṭabhedaḥ (vakrīkaraṇam).

BENDING (subs):
     1 natiḥ;
     2 namanam; ava- ā-;
     3 āvarjanam.

BENDING (adj.): i. e. overhanging: pralambaḥ (mbā mbaṃ).

BENEATH (prep):
     I Under:
     1 adhaḥ or adhastāt (with gen.) or by the adj. adhasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ), b. the banyan tree nyagrodhasyādhastāt, P. iii. 4.;
     2 tale in comp., b. the bed paryaṅkatale, H. Ph. b. a. tree vṛkṣamūle, V. s.
     II Fig.: Ph, our country sinks b. his yoke *tasya pīḍanenādhogacchatyasmaddeśaḥ.
     III Lower in rank etc.: anu (with acc.) the gods are b. Vishnu anuhariṃ surāḥ, S. k.: v. Low, inferior.
     IV Unbecoming, unworthy of: expr. circum.: he thinks it b. his dignity to converse with me *sa māṃ sambhāṣaṇasyāyogyaṃ manyate.

BENEATH (adv.):
     1 adhaḥ;
     2 adhastāt: v. Below.

BENEDICTION:
     1 āśis (f.);
     2 āśīrvādaḥ: v. Blessing.

BENEFACTION: v. Benefit, donation.

BENEFACTOR:
     1 upakartṛ (m.);
     2 upakārakaḥ;
     3 upakārin (m.);
     4 hitakārin (m.);
     5 priyakṛt.

BENEFACTRESS:
     1 upakartrī;
     2 upakāriṇī;
     3 hitakāriṇī.

BENEFICE: vṛttiḥ. A b. d. clergy man: vṛttibhuk purohitaḥ (?).

BENEFICENCE:
     1 paropakāritā;
     2 dānaśolatā (=magnificence: q. v.).

BENEFICENT:
     I As applied to men:
     1 paropakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 paropakārakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 dānaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (munificent: q. v.).
     II As applied to acts etc.:
     1 hitakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 hitakārin (f. ṇī).

BENEFICENTLY: v. Benevolently, kindly, liberally.

BENEFICIAL: Ph. b. results śubhaphalāni; b. exertions hitaceṣṭitāni: v. Profitable, useful. To be b. to or for: hitāya (with gen.): agriculture is b. for the whole human race kṛṣiḥ sarvalokahitāya: v. Good (subs.)

BENEFICIALLY: v. Profitably, usefully.

BENEFICIARY:
     1 vṛttibhuj (mfn.) (?);
     2 vṛttibhogin (f. ) (?).

BENEFIT (subs.)
     I An act of kindness, a favour conferred: upakāraḥ, like b. s. conferred on bad men upakāra ivāsati prayuktaḥ, Ki. xiii. 33.
     II Advantage, profit: q. v.:
     1 upakāraḥ;
     2 hitam, for public b. prakṛtihitāya, Sa. vii.

BENEFIT (v. t.): upakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To profit.

BENEFIT (v. i.): v. To profit.

BENEVOLENCE:
     1 hitaiṣitā;
     2 paropakāritā: v. Generosity.

BENEVOLENT:
     I As applied to persons:
     1 hitaiṣin (f. ṇī); paropakārin (f. ṇī): v. Generous.
     II As applied to acts, institutions, etc.
     1 hitakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 hitakārin (f. ṇī.)

BENEVOLENTLY:
     1 hitecchayā;
     2 kṛpayā (= kindly: q. v.).

BENIGHTED:
     I Lit: Ph. we were b. in the wood vana evāsmākaṃ niśā jagāma.
     II Fig., of mind etc.
     1 timirāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 tamovṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

BENIGN, BENIGNANT: dayālu (mfn.): v. Kind, generous.

BENIGNITY:
     I Kindness: q. v. dayālutā.
     II Salubrity: q. v.

BENIGNLY:
     1 sadayam (=kindly: q. v.);
     2 saujanyena (=graciously).

BENISON: āśis (f.): v. Blessing.

BENT (subs.):
     I Flexure, curvity:
     1 natiḥ;
     2 jihmatā;
     3 vakratā.
     II Slope, declivity: q. v.
     III Inclination, disposition: q. v.: bhāvaḥ.
     IV Particular direction or tendency q. v. v. Bent grass: dūrvā.

BENUMB:
     1 jaḍīkaroti or jaḍayati (nomi.);
     2 stabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.).

BENZOIN:
     1 kapitailam;
     2 aśmapuṣpam;
     3 śaileyam.

BEQUEATH:
     1 dadāti or yacchati pra- (, c. 3 or 1.);
     2 pratipādayati (c. of pad);
     3 samarpayati (c. of kṛ). N. B. These words simply mean to give: when precision is wanted, some qualifying words must be added: b. ed all his personal property to me *sarvā asthāvarasampattīrmāmicchāpatreṇa pradattavān.

BEQUEST: dānam (gift: q. v.); (or precisely) *icchāpatreṇa dānam.

BEREAVE (v. t.):
     1 (viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.), you will be bereft of your dear wife viyokṣyase vallabhayā, N. i. 138.;
     2 viśleṣayati (c. of śilaṣ). v. To deprive.

BEREAVEMENT:
     1 viyogaḥ;
     2 viprayogaḥ: v. Deprivation, separation.

BEREAVER:
     1 viyojakaḥ;
     2 viprayojakaḥ;
     3 viyoktā;
     4 viśleṣakaḥ.

BERGAMOT: jambīrajātīyavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

BERRY: no equiv.: *sāraphalam.

BERTH:
     I Anchorage: q. v.
     II Cabin: q. v.: koṣṭhaḥ (?).
     III A place, situation: q. v.: padam.

BERYL: maṇiviśeṣaḥ; gomedaḥ (?).

BESEECH: prārthayate (artha, c. 10.): v. To beg, entreat, implore.

BESEEM: yujyate: v. To become (v. t.).

BESET:
     I To besiege, block up: q. v.: ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).
     II To harass, perplex: q. v.: bādhate (bādh, c. l.).
     III To encompass: q. v. veṣṭate pari-, (veṣṭ, c. l.).
     VI To set on or in: q. v.: churati, (chur, c. 6.).

BESHREW: v. To curse.

BESIDE (prep.):
     I Near, by the side of: q. v.: pārśve (with gen.) b. her father pituḥ pārśve, Ku. vi. 84.
     II Over and above: v. Besides.
     III Not belonging to: bahiḥ (with abl.), b. my tieme prabandhādvahiḥ or prabandhasya bahirbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ).

BESIDE ONE'S SELF:
     1 hatajñānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 vigatacetanaḥ (nā naṃ).

BESIDES (prep.):
     1 by a comp. with bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) or vyatiriktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) b. this, another misfortune has befallen us etadbhinnaṃ or etadvyatiriktaṃ vyasanamaparamasmākamāpatitam;
     2 vihāya apahāya, etc. (with acc.), I have no other friend b. you tvāmapahāya mamāparo bandhurnāsti.

BESIDES (adv.): expr. by anyaḥ (nyā nyat) or aparaḥ (rā raṃ) or by the prep.: are there any here b. kimatrāpare santi,
     I give you a horse b. etadvyatiriktaṃ ghoṭakaṃ tubhyaṃ dadāmi v. Also, moreover.

BESIEGE (v. t.): ruṇaddhi upa- ava-, (rudh, c. 7.), b. d Champā rurodha campām, D. ii.; let (the Yadavas) b. Māhishmati māhiṣmantīmuparundhantu, Si. ii. 64.

BESIEGER:
     1 avarodhakaḥ;
     2 avaroddhṛ (m.) (?);
     3 rodhin (m.) (?).

BESIEGING (subs.):
     1 rodhaḥ;
     2 avarodhaḥ;
     3 uparodhaḥ;
     4 rodhanam.

BESMEAR (v. t.): limpati vi- ā- samā- upa- anu-, (lip, c. 6.): v. To anoint.

BESOM (subs.): sammārjanī: v. Broom.

BESOT (v. t.): mohayati (c. of muh): v. To stupefy, infatuate.

BESPATTER (v. t.):
     1 abhyukṣati (ukṣ, c. l.);
     2 abhiṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.).

BESPEAK (v. t.):
     I To order before hand: Ph. I bespoke a vessel to carry me to London *pūrvameva mayādeśi yānaṃ yānāya laṇḍane: v. To encage, hire.
     II To be taken: q. v.:
     1 kathayati Śr.;
     2 vadati (vad c. 1.), (these signs) b. this death taṃ vadanti gatāyuṣam, Śr.;
     3 āvedayati (c. of vid), K. III. To address: q. v. bhāṣate (māṣ., c. l.)

BESPREAD: v. To spread.

BESPRINKLE (v. t.):
     1 abhiṣiñcati;
     2 abhyukṣati: v. To sprinkle.

BEST (adj.): Super. of good: q. v. Ph.: to the b. of one's ability yāvacchaktitaḥ.

BEST (adv.): v. Well.

BESTIAL (adj.): v. Beastly.

BESTIALITY: i. e. unnatural connection with a beast:
     1 paśugamanam;
     2 paśuṣu maithunācaraṇam, V. s.

BESTIR ONESELF:
     1 yatate pra-, (yat, c. l.);
     2 ghaṭate (ghaṭ, c. l.): v. To exert.

BESTOW (v. t.):
     I To give, grant: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To give in marriage: dadāti pra-: she should be. b. ed on him whom she fancies yaṃ cābhilaṣet sāmuṣmai deyā, D. vi.
     III To apply, use: q. v.: pra-yunakti (yuj, c. 7.).
     IV To deposit, store: q. v.: ni-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

BESTOWAL:
     1 dānam;
     2 pradānam;
     3 pratipādanam.

BESTOWER:
     1 dātṛ or pradātṛ (f. trī);
     2 da or prada (f. ), in comp.; b. of money dhanadaḥ (dā daṃ).

BESTREW (v. t.): stṛṇoti (stṛ, c. 5.): v. To strew.

BESTRIDE (v. t.): Ph. to b. a horse aśvamārohati (ruh, c. l.): v. To stride.

BET (sub.):
     1 paṇaḥ;
     2 glahaḥ (rare).

BET (v. t.) paṇaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 paṇatāṃ nayati (, c. l.), Ki. xi. 47.

BETAKE (v. i.):
     1 ā-śrayati sabhā- upā-, (śri, c. l.), b. n to Malayaketu malayaketumāśritaḥ (tā taṃ), Mu. iii.
     2 majati -te, (bhaj, c. l.), shall I b. to quiet śāntiṃ bhajāmi, Ma. n.
     IV 50.: v. Recourse to, have.

BETEL (subs.):
     1 tāmbūlī;
     2 nāgavallī;
     3 nāgalatā;
     4 kuhalī. The prepared b. tāmbūlam. B. -seller tāmbūlikaḥ. B. -box = -bearer tāmbūlakaraṅkavāhinī, K.

BETEL-NUT:
     1 pūgam;
     2 guvākam;
     3 tāmbūlam. B. tree:
     1 pūgaḥ;
     2 kramuḥ;
     3 guvākaḥ.

BETHINK ONESELF: saṃcintayati (cint, c. 10): v. To remember, reflect.

BETIDE (v. t.): v, To happen, befall.

BETIMES (adv.):
     I Seasonably: q. v.: samaye.
     II Soon: q. v.: śīghram.

BETAKEN (v. t.): sūcayati ā-vi-, (sūc, c. 10.): v. To forebode.

BETRAY (v. t.):
     I To give up treacherously: Ph. b. ed the fleet to the pirates *saviśrammbhaghātaṃ potāvalīṃ dasyuhaste samarpayāmāsa (c. of ); do not b. your trust mā viśvāsaṃ vadhīḥ (han, c. 2.) or bhāṃkṣīḥ (bhañj, c. 7.).
     II To disclose: q. v.: bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.), b. ed the secret rahasyaṃ bibheda.
     III To mislead, expose, or indicate: q. v.
     IV To deceive: q. v.

BETRAYAL: Ph. the b. of a city śatruhaste nagarasamarpaṇam: v. To betray.

BETRAYER:
     1 viśvāsaghātakaḥ (=traitor);
     2 vañcakaḥ (=deceiver). Ph. where is the b. of the city kva sa viśvāsadhātakaḥ yo nagaraṃ śatruhaste samarpayāmāsa. N.B. Note that in such cases
     1 or
     2 simply will not do.

BETROTH (v. t.):
     1 dadāti (, c. 3.) (only of b. al by the father or guardian of the girl), I apprehend she is already b. ed dattapūrvetyāśaṃkyate, Ma.;
     2 pratipādayati (c. of pad), Si.

BETROTHAL:
     1 vāgadānam (=verbal b. of a girl by her father or guardian);
     2 vivāhasambandhaḥ.

BETROTHED (adj.):
     1 dattā or vāgdattā (a girl b. by her father or guardian) Da. com.;
     2 pratipāditā, b. ed wife pratipāditā vadhūḥ, Si. xvi. 49.
     3 pratiśrutaḥ (tā taṃ) (=engaged, promised). N.B. The person to whom one is b. is put in the dat.

BETTER (adj.):
     I Comparative of good: q. v.
     II Preferable; Ph. b. (to have) a learned enemy than a stupid freind paṇḍito'pi varaṃ śatrurna mūrkho hitakārakaḥ, P. i. 21.; b. to die than to mix with low people varaṃ prāṇatyāgo na punaradhamānāmupagamaḥ, H. i.; b. to keep silence than to utter a lie varaṃ maunaṃ kāryaṃ na ca vacanamuktaṃ yadanṛnam; H. III. In improved health: Ph.: are you b.? Oh, yes, a little b. api te laghusantāpānyaṅgāni? aho asti viśeṣaḥ, Sa. iii.

BETTER OFF, BE: v. Well off, be.

BETTER (subs.):
     I Advantage or victory: q. v.: Ph. to get the b. of an enemy śatrūmabhibhavati (bhū, c. l.).
     II Improvement: q. v.
     III In pl. superiors guravaḥ (m. pl.): Ph. your b. s in knowledge tvadadhikajñānasampannāḥ.

BETTER (v.): To mend, improve.

BETTER (adv.): v. Well. Ph.: I love you b. than self *tvayyahaṃ prāṇemyo'dhikamanuraktaḥ.

BETWEEN, BETWIXT
     1 by the gen. (not of time), the distance b. the Hemakūta and the Vindhyas is very great viprakṛṣṭamantaraṃ hemakūṭavindhyācalayoḥ, K.; the space b. the divine rivers Sarasvati and Drishadvati sarasvatīdṛṣadvatyordevanadyoryadantaram, M. ii. 17.; enmity b. us tasya ca mama ca vairam, D. ii.; the conflict b. the two important duties vipratiṣedhaṃ taṃ guruṇoratha kāryayoḥ, Si. ii. 6.;
     2 madhye or antare (with gen.) (of time and occasionally of other relations): middle age is b. sixteen and seventy years ṣoḍaśasaptatyorantare madhyaṃ vayaḥ. Śr.

BEVERAGE: pānīyam: v. Drink.

BEVY:
     I Of ladies etc.: gaṇaḥ.
     II Of birds: kulam: v. Flock.

BEWAIL (v.): vi-lapati (lap, c. l.), what are you b. ing for kimarthaṃ vilapasi: v. To lament, weep, grieve.

BEWAILING (subs).:
     1 vilāpaḥ;
     2 paridevanam;
     3 krandanam: v. Lamentation.

BEWARE: no exact equiv.: b. of him tasmin baddhaviśvāso mā bhava; b. of your servants that they may not deceive you tathā prayatethāḥ yathā na vañcyase sevakaiḥ; b. of your steps sāvadhānaṃ parikrāma: v. Care.

BEWILDER:
     1 saṃ-mohayati (c. of muh);
     2 jaḍīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.) or jaḍayati (nomi.);
     3 saṃbhramayati (c. of. bhram);
     4 viklavīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

BEWILDERED:
     1 sambhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     2 viklavaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     3 kiṃkartavyatāmūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (=not to know what to do);
     4 saṃmugdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ).

BEWILDERMENT:
     1 sambhramaḥ;
     2 vaiklavyam;
     3 sammohaḥ: v. Perplexity.

BEWITCH:
     I To charm or fascinate:
     1 mohayati pari- vi- saṃ-, (c. of muh,), let not Cupid b. you mā mūmuhat khalu bhavantamananyajanmā, Ma. i.;
     2 madayati (c. 10. mad), which b. the heart mano madayanti ye, Ma. i.
     II To fascinate by magic:
     1 mohayati;
     2 mantreṇa vaśīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

BEWITCHER: v. Enchanter.

BEWITCHING (adj.): mohanaḥ ( or nā naṃ): v. Charming.

BEYOND (prep.):
     I On the further side of: Ph: b. it a desolate forest and b. that the mount Kailāsa tataḥ parato nirmānuṣamaraṇyaṃ taccātikramya kailāsagiriḥ, K.; b. the range of speech and mind atītya vācāṃ manasāṃ ca gocaram, Ki. xviii. 41.
     II Further than, past: Ph. this is b. us idamasmākamasādhyam; it was even b. my expectations manorathānāmapyabhūmiḥ, Sa. vii.; b. measure atīva; who is b. our senses atīndriyāya, M. n.; naturally b. any one's comprehension nisargadurbodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) Ki. Ph.: b. the seas: i. e. out of the country: dvīpāntare (not samudrapāre, which = on the coast of the sea).

BEYOND (adv.): i. e. yonder: q. v.: dūre, from b. dūrāt.

BEYOND, GO or PASS:
     1 atikrāmati (kram, c. l.) (with acc.);
     2 atyeti (i, c. 2.) (with acc.).

BEZEL: *ratnādhāraḥ; aṅgurīyakasya ratnapraṇidhānabhāgaḥ.

BIAS (subs.):
     I Inclination: q. v. pravaṇatā. Partiality: q. v.: pakṣapātaḥ.

BIAS (v. t.):
     1 āvarjayati (c. of vṛj), M. n.;
     2 prahvīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), my heart is b. ed by (your) good qualities prahvīkṛtaṃ me hṛdayaṃ guṇaudhaiḥ, Ki. iii. 12.

BIB: (*bālakasya) uraśchadaḥ.

BIBBER (subs.):
     1 surāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 madyapaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Drunkard.

BIBLE: *kṛṣṭīyadharmapustakam.

BIBLICAL (adj.): expr. by comp., b. erudition *bāibalapāṇḍityam.

BIBLIOGRAPHER: pustakavidyāviśāradaḥ and sim. comp. s.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: pustakavidyā; pustakānāṃ mudrāṅkanādinirṇāyakaśāstram.

BIBLIOMANIA: *durlabhapustakasaṃgrahaṇonmādaḥ and sim. comp. s.

BIBLIOMANIAC: *durlabhapustakasaṃgrahaṇonmādin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

BIBLIOPOLIST: *pustakavikretṛ (f. trī): v. Bookseller.

BIBULOUS:
     1 jalaśoṣakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 jalacoṣakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

BICKER (v. i.): vi-nvadate (vad, c. l.): v. To wrangle.

BICKERING (subs.):
     1 kalahaḥ;
     2 vivādaḥ;
     3 dvandvam.

BID (v. t.):
     I In auction: *vadati (vad, c. l.): I. will b. even hundred rupees for the horse *śatarūpyamudrayāpyaśvaṃ krīṇāmiti vadāmi.
     II To request, tell: q. v.: Ph. to b. defiance: v. To defy; to b. welcome svāgatamiti vadati; to b. adieu: v. Adieu.

BIDDER (subs.):
     1 *vādin (f. );
     2 cikrīrṣu (mfn.).

BIDDING (subs.): *vādaḥ; cikrīṣāvādaḥ.

BIENNIAL (adj.):
     1 dvivarṣīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 dvivārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

BIER (subs.):
     1 śavayānam;
     2 śavavāhanam;
     3 kaṭaḥ

BIESTINGS (subs.):
     1 pīyūṣa (mn.);
     2 peyūṣa (mn.).

BIFURCATION: Ph. near the b. of the river yatra nadī dūyoḥ pravāhayoḥ pravibhaktā tasya samīpe.

BIG (adj.):
     I Large, huge: q. v.:
     1 bṛhat (f. ) (not applicable to men);
     2 bṛhatkāyaḥ or mahākāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=large-bodied);
     3 mahāpramāṇaḥ or atipramāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (=of large height), a b. man mahāpramāṇaḥ puruṣaḥ K., saw the b. (horse) Indrāyudha atipramāṇamindrāyudhamadrākṣīt, K. II. Pregnant (Lit. and Fig.): q. v.:
     III Boastful: q. v.

BIGAMIST:
     I The man:
     1 dvibhāryaḥ;
     2 dvipatnīkaḥ.
     II The woman *dvibhartṛkā; vartamāne patyau yā strī punarvivāhaṃ karoti.

BIGAMY:
     1 *dvistrīkaraṇam (of men;
     2 *dvipatīkaraṇam (of women).

BIGHT: v. Bay.

BIGNESS: v. Bulk, size.

BIGOT: *dharmanirbaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ); yaḥ (yā yaṃ) avicāreṇānyamatāni pratyākhyāya svamatamanuvartate.

BIGOTED (adj.): v. Bigot. Ph. this is a b. country *atra puruṣāḥ avicāreṇa svamatāsaktāḥ or paradharmavidveṣiṇaḥ.

BIGOTRY: *dharmanirbandhaḥ; svamatāgrahaḥ; avicāreṇa svamatāsaktiḥ.

BILE: pittam. To stir one's b. (Fig.) vāyuṃ prakopayati (c. of kup).

BILGE-WATER: naukātalajalam (?).

BILIARY (adj.): the b. duct pittavāhinī (?).

BILIOUS (adj.): paittikaḥ (kī kaṃ): b. fever pittajvaraḥ.

BILK (v. t.): vañcayate (vañca, c. 10.): v. To cheat.

BILL (sub.):
     I A declaration in writing lekhaḥ, a b. of indictment abhiyogalekhaḥ.
     II A bill of exchange: *huṇḍiḥ, a b. payable at sight *darśanadeyo huṇḍiḥ.
     III Proposed law: *pāṇḍulipiḥ, the House of Commons rejected the b. by a great majority *bahusabhyānāmaikamatyena sādhāraṇasabhā pāṇḍulipiṃ pratyādideśa.
     IV A written or printed notice: ghoṣaṇāpatram: v. Advertisement, placard. V. An account (rendered) of money due: *deyapatram, make out a b. for me. mayā yattubhyaṃ deyaṃ tasya gaṇanāṃ kuru. Miscell.: a. b. of sale vikrayapatram; a b. of lading *preraṇapatram.
     VI The beak of a bird:
     1 cañcuḥ;
     2 cañcupuṭaḥ.
     VII A mattock, a hakSet: q. v.: dātram.

BILL (v. i.): Ph. the pigeons are b. ing and cooing anyonyasya cañcuṃ saṃghaṭya kapotāḥ kujanti.

BILLET (subs.):
     I A note: q. v.: patram.
     II A ticket: q. v. nidarśanapatram.
     III A log of wood: kāṣṭham: v. Log, stick.

BILLET (v. t.); i. e. to quarter as soldiers: niveśayati (c. of viśa).

BILL-HOOK: phaṇimukhaḥ; D.: v. Hatchet.

BILLIARD (adj.): Ph. a b. ball *aṇḍam; b. room *aṇḍāgāram.

BILLIARDS: *aṇḍakrīḍā. To play at b. *aṇḍaiḥ krīḍati.

BILLION: kharvam.

BILLOW:
     1 mahormiḥ;
     2 kallolaḥ;
     3 ullolaḥ;
     4 lahariḥ: v. Wave.

BILLOWY:
     1 taraṅgitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ūrmimālin (f. );
     3 kallolamālākulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 udvelaḥ (lā laṃ).

BIN (subs.): Ph. corn-b. dhānyakoṣṭhaḥ; wine-b. madirākoṣṭhaḥ.

BINARY (adj.): Ph. a b. compound *dvibhūtajaṃ dravyam; b. scale *dvikamūlā gaṇanāpaddhatiḥ.

BIND (v. t):
     I Lit., to tie: q. v.:
     1 badhnāti ni-, (bandh, c. 9.) b. ing firmly to a post sthūṇayā saha dṛḍhabandhanena baddhvā, P. i. 4.;
     2 saṃ-yacchati (yam, c. l.) (=to restrain: q. v.), as if bound by chains nigaḍairiva saṃ-yatām, K. II. Fig., to restrain, hold in check: badhnāti ni-, (bandha, c. 9.), bound by affection snehanibaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), Ki. ii. 44., b. s my sight badhnāti me cakṣuḥ, R. xiii. 47.;
     2 niyantrayati (yantr, c. 10), laws do not b. him *vidhayastaṃ na niyantrayanti. Ph. b. him by an oath śapathena tamābaddhaṃ kuru
     III To render costive:
     1 badhnāti ni-, b. ing of the bowels baddhaviṭkatā, Śr.;
     2 ānahyati (nah, c. 4.)
     IV To bind books: (carmādinā) badhnāti (?). V. To protect with a border: badhnāti (?): V. To border, fringe.

BIND OVER: ābadhnāti or ābaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) karoti (?). Ph. b. him over in 100 Rs. recognizance to keep the peace *śāntirakṣārthaṃ śatarūpyamudrādānapratijñayā tamābaddhaṃ kuru.

BIND UP: badhnāti ni-, (bandh, c. 9.): the snakes as if b. ing up the wounds of the branches śākhānāṃ vraṇamiva nibadhnanti phaṇinaḥ, Mu. vi. 13.

BIND UP IN or WITH: only in pass.: Ph. my love for you is bound up with my nature tvayi me bhāvanibandhanā ratiḥ, R. viii. 52.

BINDER: i. e. book- b.:
     1 *pustakabandhanakārī;
     2 *pustakapidhātā.

BINDING (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 bandhaḥ;
     2 bandhanam.
     II Of a book: Perh pidhānam: v. Covering.
     III Of a dress: v. Border, fringe.

BINDING (adj.): Of medicines: grāhin or saṃgrāhin (f. ṇī), Śr.

BIND-WEED: kṣīravidārī (a species of convolvulus).

BINOCULAR (adj.):
     1 dvinayanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 dvinetraḥ (trā traṃ).

BINOMIAL: *dvipadaḥ (dā daṃ). B. theorem *dvipadavṛddhitattvam.

BIOGRAPHER:
     1 *caritalekhakaḥ;
     2 jīvanacaritaracakaḥ;
     3 *jīvanacaritakṛt (m.).

BIOGRAPHICAL: Ph. b. writer: v. Biographer; b. work: v. Biography.

BIOGRAPHY:
     1 caritam, b. of Śriharsha śrīharṣacaritam, C.;
     2 jīvanacaritam;
     3 jīvanavṛttāntaḥ.

BIPARTITE (adj.): Perh. dvaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ).

BIPED (adj.):
     1 dvipadaḥ or dvipādaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 dvipād (m.), patī (f.) pat, (n.) (?).

BIRCH or BIRCH-TREE: bhūrjaḥ bhūrjapatraḥ or (a species of b.)

BIRCHEN (adj.):
     1 by tat. comp.;
     2 bhūrjamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

BIRD:
     1 vihagaḥ;
     2 vihaṅgaḥ;
     3 vihaṅgamaḥ;
     4 pakṣin (m.);
     5 patatrin (m.);
     6 patagaḥ;
     7 khagaḥ;
     8 śakuntaḥ;
     9 śakunaḥ;
     10 viṣkiraḥ;
     11 garutmat (m.);
     12 dvijaḥ.

BIRD-CAGE: piñjaram or pañjaram.

BIRD-CALL: pakṣirutānukāriṇī vaṃśī yayā pralobhya pakṣiṇo badhyante.

BIRD-CATCHER:
     1 śākunikaḥ;
     2 pākṣikaḥ.

BIRD-KEEPER:
     1 vihagapālaḥ;
     2 pakṣipālaḥ (?).

BIRD-LIME: pakṣibandhanārthaṃ śyānodapeṣam.

BIRTH (subs):
     I Coming into life:
     1 janman (n.) (the best equiv.), blind from b. janmāndhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ);
     2 janyam;
     3 jananam;
     4 janiḥ;
     5 udbhavaḥ;
     6 utpattiḥ;
     7 bhavaḥ;
     8 sambhavaḥ;
     9 sūtiḥ; Ph. lordship from b. garbheśvaratvam, K.
     II Lineage, discent: q. v.:
     1 kulam,
     2 anvayaḥ; Ph. proud of one's b. kulābhimānin (f. ), Ki.; of high b. abhijanavat (f. ), Sa iii. The act of giving birth:
     1 prasavaḥ;
     2 prajananam.
     IV That which is born: v. Creature.

BIRTH, TO GIVE:
     1 sūte (, c. 2.);
     2 janayati (c. of jan): v. To bring forth.

BIRTH-DAY:
     1 janmadinam;
     2 janidivasam, Vi. vi.; and sim. comp.s.

BIRTH-PLACE:
     1 janmabhūmiḥ;
     2 janmasthānam; and sim. comp. s.

BIRTH-RIGHT:
     1 janmanaḥ svatvam or adhikāraḥ;
     2 by circumlo., sold his b. for a morsel of bread *apūpakhaṇḍārthaṃ pitṛsampattyādau sarvaṃ svatvaṃ vyakrīṇīta.

BISCUIT: iyurupīyapiṣṭakaviśeṣaḥ.

BISECT:
     1 dvaidhīkaroti or dvidhākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 samāṃśadvayena vibhajati (bhaj, c. l.).

BISECTION:
     1 dvidhākaraṇam;
     2 dvaidhīkaraṇam;
     3 samāṃśadvayena vibhāgaḥ.

BISHOP: *kṛṣṭīyasampradāyeṣu pradhānācāryaḥ.

BISHOPRIC:
     I A bishop's office: pradhānācāryapadam.
     II Bishop's district *pradhānācāryasyādhikāraḥ; b. of London *laṇḍanasya pradhānācāryasyādhikāraḥ.

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BISMUTH: ālohitaśukladhātuprabhedaḥ.

BISON: emerīkādeśīyo mahiṣākāro'raṇyajantuviśeṣaḥ.

BISSEXTILE: vaiṣuvavatsareṇaikyārthaṃ pāścātyapāṇḍitāścaturthe caturthe varṣe phevruvārīmāsamekādhikadivasamūnatriṃśaddivasātmakamiti parigaṇayanti | sa ca ekādhikadivaso varṣastaira "visekaṣṭāil", "lipa iyāra" cābhidhīyate.

BIT (subs.):
     I Of the bridle:
     1 khalīna (mn.);
     2 kavikaḥ or kavikā;
     3 valgā.
     II A small piece:
     1 khaṇḍaḥ;
     2 grāsaḥ (=a mouthful). Not a b. na manāgapi.

BIT (v. t.); To b. a horse aśvasya mukhe khalīnaṃ dadāti, Mu. or khalīmaṃ prakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), P. iv. 7.

BITCH:
     I Lit.:
     1 kukkurī;
     2 śunī;
     3 saramā.
     II As a term of reproach: bandhakī.

BITE (v. t.):
     I With teeth etc.: daśati vi- saṃ-, (danś, c. l.): Ph. one should not b. off one's nails dantairnotpāṭayen (c. of paṭ) nakhān, M. iv. 69.; one who b. s his nails nakhakhādī, M.; to b. the lips oṣṭhau daśati or khaṇḍati vi-, (khaṇḍ c. l.), Si. xvii. 2., or nirvibhunakti (bhuj, c. 7.) (poet)
     II To produce a keen, pungent sensation: jvalayati (c. of jval,)
     III To adhere to: q. v.

BITE (subs.):
     I The act of biting: daṃśaḥ; poisonous b. saviṣo daṃśaḥ, U. II. The wound made by biting: daṃśaḥ.
     III A cheat or one who cheats q. v.

BITING (adj.): i. e. sharp, severe, sarcastic: q. v.

BITTER (adj.):
     I Of the taste: tiktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Harsh, stern:
     1 kaṭu. (mfn.) even by the b. words of Śishupāla kaṭunāpi caidyavacanena. Si. xv. 40.;
     2 marmāvidh (mfn.) (Lit. piercing the vital parts);
     3 niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ) (prop= cruel.), we are very b. ly reviled ati niṣṭhuramupālabdhāḥ smaḥ, U. iv.
     III Painful, severe: q. v.: udvejanakaraḥ (rī raṃ): Ph. b. cold atyantaśītam.
     IV Mournful, distressing, pitiable: q. v.

BITTERLY:
     I Severly, cruelly: q. v.: niṣṭhuram.
     II Sorrowfully, piteously: q. v.: Ph. wept b. bhṛśaṃ or atyantaṃ ruroda.

BITTERN: krauñcajātīyapakṣibhedaḥ.

BITTERNESS:
     I Of taste:
     1 tiktatā;
     2 tiktatvam.
     II Keenness of reproach, sarcasm:
     1 kaṭutā;
     2 niṣṭhuratā.
     III Deep distress of mind: duḥkham.
     IV Impious feeling: pāṣaṇḍabuddhiḥ. v. Malice, hatred: q. v.: vidveṣaḥ.

BITUMEN:
     1 śilājatu (n.);
     2 giripuṣpakam;
     3 śilādadruḥ.

BITUMINOUS: śilājatuśālin (f. ) (?) (=containing bitumen).

BIVOUAC (sub.); v. WakS, guard.

BIVOUAC (v.): Ph. "determined to b. there for the night" apramattāstatraiva yāminīṃ yāpayituṃ kṛtasaṃkalpāḥ.

BLAB, BLABBER: vāvadūkaḥ: v. Babbler, tell-tale.

BLAB (v. t.): bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.): v. To divulge: v. Also, to babble.

BLACK (adj.):
     I Of colour:
     1 kṛṣṇaḥ (ṣṇā ṣṇaṃ);
     2 kṛṣṇavarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ);
     3 śyāmaḥ (mā maṃ) or śyāmalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=dark blue);
     4 nīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (prop. = blue);
     5 kālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     6 mecakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     7 malinaḥ (nā naṃ); your heart must be very b. like your exterior bahiriva malinataraṃ tava mano'pi bhaviṣyati nūnam, Gi. viii. 7.
     II Fig., dismal, gloomy, calamitious, horrible, wicked: q. v. B. and blue: v. Livid.

BLACK (subs.):
     I The colour:
     1 kṛṣṇaḥ;
     2 kṛṣṇavarṇaḥ.
     III Black dress:
     1 kṛṣṇavastram,
     2 kṛṣṇavasanam.
     III A black man:
     1 kṛṣṇakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 śyāmāṅgaḥ (ṅgī ṅgaṃ).

BLACK-ART:
     1 indrajālam;
     2 kārmaṇam: v. Magic.

BLACK-BALL (subs.): (pratyākhyānapradarśanī) kṛṣṇaguṭikā.

BLACK-BALL (v. t.): pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To reject.

BLACK-BERRY: phalaviśeṣaḥ. In India, sometimes applied to jambu (n.)

BLACK-BIRD: pakṣibhedaḥ. In India, the term is applied to kokilaḥ. (=Cuckoo).

BLACK-CATTLE: māṃsārthaṃ pālitā gāvaḥ.

BLACKEN:
     I To make black:
     1 kālīkaroti, b. s his face mukhaṃ kālīkaroti, Na. iii.;
     2 kṛṣṇīkaroti (rare);
     3 śyāmīkaroti (=to make dark blue).
     II To darken: q. v.
     III To sully: q. v.

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BLACKGUARD:
     1 durvṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 durācāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Rake.

BLACKING (subs.): kālī (?).

BLACKISH:
     1 īṣatkṛṣṇaḥ (ṣṇā ṣṇaṃ). īṣatkālaḥ (lā laṃ).

BLACK-LEAD: lohabhedaḥ; *aṅgāralohaḥ.

BLACKNESS:
     1 kāliman (m.);
     2 kṛṣṇatvam;
     3 kṛṣṇiman (m.): v. Also, darkness.

BLACKSMITH:
     1 karmakāraḥ;
     2 karmāraḥ;
     3 lohakāraḥ.

BLADDER:
     1 kloman (m.);
     2 mūtrāśayaḥ;
     3 tilakam (rare).

BLADE:
     I The cutting part of a knife etc.; dhārā.
     II Of grass:
     1 dala (mn.);
     2 kāṇḍam (?).
     III A rake: q. v.

BLADE-BONE: v. Shoulder-bone.

BLAMABLE or BLAMEABLE:
     1 nindanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 nindyaḥ (ndyā ndyaṃ);
     3 nindārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ): v. Faulty, culpable.

BLAMABLENESS or BLAMEABLENESS: nindyatāḥ v. Culpability.

BLAME (subs.):
     I Censure, reprehension: q. v.: nindā.
     II Fault, crime doṣaḥ, he lays the b. on another's shoulders anyasmin or anyasya skandhe sa doṣaṃ nyasyati (as, c. 4.). Without b. = blameless: q. v.

BLAME (v. t.): nindati vi-, (nind, c. l.): v. To censure.

BLAMELESS:
     1 anindyaḥ (ndyā ndyaṃ);
     2 anindanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (=faultless: q. v.);
     4 niṣkalaṅkaḥ (ṅkā ṅkaṃ) (=spotless: q. v.);
     5 viśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (pure: q. v.).

BLAMELESSLY: v. Innocently, faultlessly.

BLAMELESSNESS:
     1 anindyatā;
     2 nirdoṣatā (=faultlessness);
     3 viśuddhatā (= purity).

BLAMEWORTHY:
     1 nindārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ);
     2 nindanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Censurable.

BLAMER: nindakaḥ: v. Censurer.

BLANCH (v.);
     I To whiten: q. v.: dhavalayati (nomi.).
     II To peel: q. v. tvacayati (nomi.).

BLAND: mṛdu (dvī du): Mild, gentle.

BLANDISHMENT:
     I Of love:
     1 hāvaḥ;
     2 vilāsaḥ;
     3 vibhramaḥ. N. B. Applied only to women.
     II Sweet words:
     1 priyavākyam;
     2 madhurabhāṣitam.

BLANK (adj.):
     I Not filled or written on: śuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (?).
     II White pale or dismayed: q. v.: Ph. b. verse: amitrākṣarachandaḥ; b. cartridge *kevalacūrṇakoṣaḥ; b. endorsement lekhaka. -nāmavirahitaṃ huṇḍyādau pṛṣṭhalikhanam.

BLANK (subs.):
     I A void space: Ph. don't leave so much b. etāvadalikhitaṃ or śuddhaṃ (?) mā rakṣīḥ:
     II A b. ticket *śuddhanidarśanī.
     III A b. ballot *śuddhaguṭikā.

BLANKET:
     1 kambalaḥ;
     2 rallakaḥ;
     3 ūrṇāyuḥ.

BLASPHEME: nindati (nind, c. l.): v. To revile.

BLASPHEMER:
     1 īśvaranindakaḥ;
     2 pāṣaṇḍaḥ (=heretic).

BLASPHEMOUS:
     1 īśvaranindakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 comp. with pāṣaṇḍa-.

BLASPHEMOUSLY:
     1 abhavatyā (=irreligiously);
     2 avajñayā (=contemptuously).

BLASPHEMY:
     1 īśvaranindā;
     2 pāṣaṇḍatā (=heresy).

BLAST (subs.):
     I A gust of wind:
     1 vātyā;
     2 javānilaḥ: v. Gale.
     II The blowing of a wind instrument: v. Blowing.
     III A blight: q. v.

BLAST (v. t.):
     I To blight: q. v.
     II To destroy, frustrate: q. v. unmūlayati (mūl, c. 10.).
     III To rend open by explosion; vidārayati (c. of da) (?).

BLAZE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 prabhā;
     2 arcisa (m.): v. Flame, light.
     II Fig.: Ph.: "b. of fame" yaśaḥprabhā.

BLAZE (v. i.):
     1 (jvalati pra- sampra-, (jval, c. l.), b. ing powers jvalatpratāpāvaliḥ; N. i. 2.;
     2 dīpyate pra- saṃ-, (dīp, c. 4.) the Raghu-chief b. ed with rage kuddho'dīpi raghuvyāghraḥ, B. vi. 32.: v. To kindle.

BLAZON (v. t.):
     I To display: q. v.: prathayati (c. of prath).
     III To deck, embellish: q. v.: maṇḍayati
     III To explain coat of arms vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.).

BLAZON, BLAZONRY (subs.):
     I A coat of arms: q. v.
     II Publication, display: q. v.: āḍambharaḥ (?).

BLEACH:
     I To whiten: q. v.: dhavalayati (nomi.)
     II To make pale: vivarṇayati (nomi.).

BLEACHING-POWDER: *virañjakacūrṇam.

BLEAK (adj.):
     I Bold, frigid: q. v.: atiśītaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Exposed to cold: expr. by circum.: these wastes are so b. *eṣu khilapradeśeṣu himasyedṛk prādurbhāvaḥ.

BLEAK (subs.): nādeyaḥ śuklavarṇaḥ kṣudramatsyabhedaḥ.

BLEAKNESS:
     I Exposure to the wind: by circum.: v. Bleak (II).
     II Coldness: q. v.: śītatā.

BLEAREDNESS:
     1 klinnākṣatā;
     2 cullatā.

BLEAR-EYED:
     1 klinnākṣaḥ (kṣī kṣaṃ);
     2 cullaḥ or cillaḥ (llā llaṃ);
     3 pillaḥ, (llā llaṃ).

BLEAT (v. i.): rebhate (rebh, c. l): v. To make noise.

BLEAT, BLEATING (subs.):
     1 rāvaḥ or remaṇam: v. Noise.
     2 meṣarutam (the cry of a sheep).

BLEED (v. t.): raktaṃ or rudhiraṃ or śauṇitaṃ srāvayati vi- ā- pari-, (c. of stra); or mokṣayati (mukṣ, c. 10); or mocayati (c. of muc) or avasecayati (c. of sic). N. B. These verbs are cons. with gen. of the person who is bled.

BLEED (v. i.): raktaṃ or rudhiraṃ or śoṇitaṃ sravati (sru, c. l); or cyavate (cyu, c. l), Ki.; or kṣarati (kṣar, c. l). M. n.; or gacchati (gam, c. l) (rare), when it stops itself after sufficient b. ing samyag gatvā yadā raktaṃ svayamevāvatiṣṭhate, Śr.; or pravartate (vṛt, c. l) (rare), if it does not b. apravartamāne rakte. N. B. These verbs are cons. with gen. of the person and abl. of the part which b. s: his hand b. s tasya hastāt śoṇitaṃ sravati.

BLEEDING (subs.):
     I Letting of blood;
     1 raktasrāvaḥ -ṇaṃ;
     2 raktamokṣaṇam;
     3 raktāvasecanam, etc.
     II Flowing of blood:
     1 raktasru tiḥ;
     2 raktacyutiḥ;
     3 raktakṣaraṇam etc.

BLEMISH (v. t.):
     1 malinayati (nomi.);
     2 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To stain.

BLEMISH (subs.): doṣaḥ: v. Stain, defect, fault.

BLEND, BLENDING: v. To mingle, mingling.

BLESS (v. t.):
     I To pronounce a blessing on:
     1 often by sim. āśīrliṅ or loṭ when any particular blessing is specified, I b. you that you may have a son like yourself, putraṃ labhasvātmaguṇānurūpam, R. v. 34.;
     2 āṣiśaṃ dadāti (, c. 3) or prayunakti (yuj, c. 7) (with dat.), R. v. 35.
     3 āśāste (śās, c. 2), I b. you by the Rig Veda ṛkchandasāśāse, Sa. iv.;
     4 āśaṃsate (śaṃs, c. l) (rare), M. n.: Ph. God b. you īśaste kalyāṇaṃ or śubhaṃ vitaratu.
     II To glorify or praise: q. v.: Ph. b. the Lord, b. his holy name *īśo gīyatāṃ tasya pavitraṃ nāma gīyatām.
     III To consecrate: q. v.
     IV To favour, endow liberally: q. v.

BLESSED:
     I Happy, highly favoured:
     1 dhanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), Si. xiv. 87.;
     2 mahābhāgyavat (f. ), Vi.
     II Enjoying heavenly felicity: labdhamokṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ);
     3 siddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ). Ph. b. foot śrīcaraṇakamalam; b. shore śrīmatkūlam.

BLESSEDNESS: v. Happiness, felicity. "In single b." anudvāhasukhena (?)

BLESSING:
     I A benediction:
     1 āśis (f.);
     2 āśīrvādaḥ;
     3 āśīrvacanam.
     II A gift, benefit, or advantage: q. v.

BLIGHT (v. t.):
     1 utsādayati (c. of sad) (=to destroy);
     2 vṛddhiṃ stabhnāti (stambh. c. 9) (=stop the growth) (with gen.).

BLIGHT (subs.):
     1 upadravaḥ (?);
     2 vyāghātaḥ (?);
     3 kṣayaḥ (=decay).

BLIND (adj.): andhaḥ, (ndhā ndhaṃ), born b. janmāndhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ) or jātyandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ) (rare) M.;
     2 andhadṛś (mfn.) and sim. comp. s., naturally b. to their own improprieties sahajāndhadṛśaḥ svadurnaye, Si. xvi. 29. Ph b. of one eye kāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ); b. at night rātryandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ); a b. well andhakūpaḥ, Va.; love is b. *prema bhadraṃ na paśyati or gaṇayati.

BLIND (v.): andhayati (nomi.) or andhīkaroti (kṛ c. 8), b. ed by sensual pleasures viṣayāndhīkṛtekṣaṇaḥ, Ka. Ph. b. ed by passion kāmāndhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ) b. ed by rage krondhāndhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ).

BLIND (subs.): tiraskariṇīḥ v. Screen.

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BLINDFOLD (v. t.): netre or locane or dṛśau badhnāti (bandh, c. 9) or abhinahyati (nah, c. 4).

BLINDFOLDED (adj.):
     1 baddhacakṣus (mfn.), S. c.;
     2 abhinaddhākṣaḥ (f. kṣī). Up. Fig. "fate's b. reign" *devasya timirāvṛtamādhipatyam: v. Also blindly.

BLINDLY:
     1 andhavat;
     2 asamīkṣya (=inconsiderately);
     3 sahasā (=suddenly).

BLINDMAN'S BUFF: netrabandhaḥ -krīḍā, B. p.

BLINDNESS:
     I Lit.
     1 andhatā;
     2 andhatbam
     II Fig.: mohaḥ.

BILNK: v. To wink, twinkle.

BLISS: paramasukham v. Happiness, felicity, beatitude.

BLISSFUL: ānandamayaḥ (yī yaṃ): v. Happy, blessed.

BLISTER (subs.):
     I A watery tumour: jalapūrṇaṃ vraṇam (?). A b. on the foot: vipādikā.
     II A plaster for raising b. s: *dāhālepaḥ jalapūrṇavraṇotpādakālepaḥ.

BLISTER (v. t.):
     I To apply a blister: *dāhālepaṃ prayunakti (yuj, c. 7.).
     II To raise blisters: jalapūrṇāni vraṇāni utthāpayati (c. of sthā) (?).
     III Fig. v. To burn.

BLISTER (v. i.): Ph, "let my tongue b." *mama jihvāyāṃ jalapūrṇani vraṇāni bhavantu.

BLITHE, BLITHESOME: v. Cheerful, gay, merry.

BLITHELY:
     1 saharṣam;
     2 sollāsam: v. Cheerfully, merrily.

BLITHENESS:
     1 sphūrtiḥ;
     2 ullāsaḥ: v. Cheerfulness, sprightliness.

BLOAT: v. To swell.

BLOATED (adj.):
     1 sphītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śūnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 sphātaḥ (tā taṃ).

BLOCK (subs.):
     I Of wood: kāṣṭham.
     II Of stone: śilā.
     III For beheading criminals: vadhyakāṣṭham (after vadhyaśilā, of Na.). Ph. whose heads were brought to the b. yeṣāṃ śirāṃsi vadhyakāṣṭhaṃ sparśitāni or sim. chinnāni.
     IV Any mass: piṇḍa (mn.). V. A row: q. v.: śreṇī.
     VI Any obstruction or hindrance: q. v.
     VII A blockhead: q. v.

BLOCK UP:
     1 ruṇaddhi ava- ni- saṃ- upa- prati-, (rudh, c. 7.) b. ing up the path mārgamavarudhya Mah.;
     2 āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), b. ing up the road āvṛtya panthānam, R. vii. 31.
     3 ācchādayati (c. of chad) (rare), b. ing up the way of the chariot ācchādya rathapanthānam, Mah.

BLOCKADE (subs.):
     1 rodhaḥ;
     2 avarodhaḥ;
     3 uparodhaḥ;
     4 saṃrodhaḥ.

BLOCKADE (v. t.):
     1 ruṇaddhi ava- upa-, (rudh, c. 7.);
     2 pariveṣṭate (beṣṭ, c. l.) (=to surround: q. v.) (to be used only when the context determines the meaning).

BLOCKADER: avaroddhā: v. Besieger.

BLOCKHEAD:
     1 sthūlabuddhiḥ;
     2 varvaraḥ: v. Fool.

BLOOD:
     I Lit.:
     1 raktam;
     2 rudhiram;
     3 śoṇitam;
     4 asṛj (n.);
     5 asram;
     6 kṣatajam (rare), the cascade of fresh b; pratyagrakṣatajabharī, Vi. vii.
     7 kīlālam (rare), quenched by b. flowing saratkīlālanirvāpita, Vi. iii. Ph.: to lose b. raktaṃ muñcati (bhuc, c. 6.); to take one's b. hanti (han, c. 2.) v. To murder.
     II Kindred, lineage: q. v.: Ph. related by b. sanābhi (mfn.); of whole b. sodaraḥ (rā raṃ); half-b. q. v.
     III Bloodshed: q. v.
     IV Temper of mind, passion: Ph. their b. was up for revenge *pratīkārārthaṃ teṣāṃ krodhāgniruddidīpe; do not rouse my b. mā māṃ prakopaya; murdered the child in cold b. *śānto bālaṃ jaghāna.

BLOOD (v. t.):
     I To bleed: q. v.
     II To stain with blood: rudhireṇa limpati (v. To. annoint) or kaluṣayati (v. To stain): Ph. b. ed scimitars khaṅgāḥ śoṇitasandigdhāḥ, Ku.

BLOOD-HOUND: kukkurabhedaḥ: v. Hound.

BLOODINESS: jighāṃsā: v. Cruelty.

BLOODLESS:
     I Without blood:
     1 raktahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (?);
     2 gatāsu (mfn.) (=dead).
     II Without shedding of blood: raktapātaṃ vinā Ph. by which the discharger obtains a b. victory yataḥ prayokturna cārihiṃsā vijayaśca haste, R. v. 53.

BLOOD-LET: (v.): v. To bleed.

BLOOD-RED: raktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Red.

BLOOD-SHED: raktapātaḥ: v. Slaughter.

BLOOD-SHOT:
     1 atiraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (=very red);
     2 raktābhiṣyandin (f. ) (?).

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BLOOD-STAINED:
     1 raktāktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 rudhirasaṃliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ);
     3 śoṇitasandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ);
     4 asradigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ), R.; and sim. comp.

BLOOD-SUCKER:
     1 raktapāyin (f. );
     2 asrapaḥ (pā paṃ).

BLOOD-THIRSTY:
     1 rudhirapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 jighāṃsu (mfn.): v. Sanguinary, murderous.

BLOOD-VESSEL raktavāhinī or asṛgvahā nāḍī.

BLOODY:
     I Blood-stained: q. v.
     II Sanguinary, murderous: q. v.
     III Attended with blood-shed: Ph. it was a b. battle asmin yuddhe bahu raktaṃ papāta (?); that day was most b. for the Romans *tasmin divase rumīyāṇāṃ baṃhiṣṭhaṃ raktaṃ papāta.

BLOOM (subs.):
     I Blossom: q. v.
     II Fig., the b. of youth navayauvanam; the b. (of a maiden's) cheek kapolarāgaḥ.

BLOOM (v. i.): v. To blossom.

BLOOMING, BLOSSOMING (adj.):
     1 praphullaḥ (llā llaṃ), b. face praphullavadanam;
     2 vikasat (f. ntī);
     3 sphuṭat (f. ntī);
     4 kusumitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     5 puṣpitaḥ (tā taṃ).

BLOSSOM (v. i.):
     1 sphuṭati (sphuṭ, c. 6);
     2 phullati (phull, c. l);
     3 vikasati (kas, c. l);
     4 puṣpati (puṣp, c. 4) (rare): v. To flower.

BLOSSOM (subs.):
     1 puṣpam (=flower: q. v.);
     2 mukula (mn.) (=an opening bud.);
     3 prasavaḥ (rare), mango b. s cūtaprasavaḥ, Ku.;
     4 pravālaḥ (?).

BLOT (subs.): kalaṅkaḥ: v. Spot. stain, tarnish.

BLOT OUT: v. To erase, efface, obliterate.

BLOTCH:
     1 kilāsam (?);
     2 kacchapikā (?).

BLOTTING-PAPER: *masīśoṣakaṃ kāgajam.

BLOW (subs.):
     I With the fist:
     1 muṣṭiprahāraḥ, gives a b. on the nose dhoṇāyāṃ muṣṭiprahāraṃ dadāti, Mr. ii.
     2 muṣṭighātaḥ;
     3 bhujāhatiḥ, Ki. To strike a b.: muṣṭinā hanti (han, c. 2.) or tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.). II. B. in general: prahāraḥ: v. Stroke.
     III Fig. Infliction of evil: Ph. "gave a death-b. to the constitution" *śāsanapraṇālyā vināśaṃ kalpayāmāsa; "fortune's b. s" daivanirdhātaḥ, U.

BLOW (v. i.):
     I To blossom: q. v.: sphuṭati pra-, (sphuṭ, c. 6.).
     II As air:
     1 vāti pra- (, c. 2.);
     2 vahati pra-, (vah, c. l.), Ku. xvii. 26.
     III To breathe hard or quick.: v. To breathe, to part.
     IV To sound as a wind instrument: Ph. horns blew pūrṇāḥ perāśca sasvanuḥ: B.: v. To sound.

BLOW (v. t.):
     I To b. the fire: dhamati sabhā- pra- upa-, (dhmā, c. l.) M. iv. 53.
     II To drive, to impel: q. v.: Ph. the tempest blew the ship ashore *vātyā potaṃ vicikṣepa (kṣip, c. 6.) taṭe; dust b. n by the wind aniloddhataṃ (dhū, c. 9.) or anilotthāpitaṃ (c. of sthā) rajaḥ.
     III To sound a wind instrument:
     1 dhamati sabhā-, blew the shell jalajaṃ dadhmau R.;
     2 pūrayati or mukhamārutena pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.), blew horns kāhalāḥ pūrayāñcakruḥ, B. xiv. 3.
     IV To spread, publish: q. v.: Ph.: to b. the nose nāsikāṃ dhamati; one who does so nāsikandhamaḥ. To b. hot and cold: anugrahanigrahau prakaṭayati (nomi.).

BLOW AWAY: vi-dhūnoti or dhūnayati or dhūnāti (dhū, c. 5., 10. &. 9.): v. To drive away.

BLOW INTO: phūtkaroti.

BLOW OUT: nirvāpayati (c. of ): Ph. if you allow me, I will b. the dust from your eye yadyanumanyase tadahamenāṃ vadanamārutena viśadāṃ karavāṇi, Sa. iii.

BLOW OVER: śāmyati pra- upa-, (śam, c. 4): v. To cease, pass away.

BLOW UP:
     I To swell, inflate: q. v.
     II By explosion: no equiv.: uddhūnayati (dhū, c. 10) may be used.
     III To destroy: unmūlayati (mūl, c. 10).

BLOW UPON: v. To destroy, to taint.

BLOWER:
     1 dhamakaḥ;
     2 dhmātā.

BLOWING (subs.):
     I Of a wind instrument:
     1 dhmātam (rare):
     2 nādaḥ: v. sound:
     II Of a flower, etc.:
     1 vikāśaḥ;
     2 phulliḥ. In other senses, v. To blow.

BLOW-PIPE: dhamanī.

BLUBBER (subs.): timyādiyādasāṃ medas (n.): v. Fat.

BLUBBER (v. i.): v. To weep.

BLUDGEON: laguḍaḥ: v. Club.

BLUE (adj.):
     1 nīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 śyāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (=dark b.); asitaḥ (tā taṃ) (poet).

BLUE (subs.):
     1 nīlaḥ;
     2 nīlavarṇaḥ. B. s.; i. e. low spirits: v. Melancholy.

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BLUE-BIRD: *nīlapakṣī.

BLUE-BOTTLE: latābhedaḥ; makṣikābhedaśca.

BLUE-EYED: nīlākṣaḥ (kṣī kṣaṃ).

BLUFF (adj.): v. Uncouth, steep.

BLUISH:
     1 ānīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 īṣannīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

BLUNDER (v. i.): pramādyati (mad, c. 4): v. To err, mistake.

BLUNDER (subs.):
     1 pramādaḥ;
     2 skhalitam;
     3 bhramaḥ: v. Mistake.

BLUNDERBUSS: *āyatacchidraviśiṣṭaḥ kṣudrabandukaviśeṣaḥ.

BLUNDERER:
     1 pramādin (f. );
     2 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     3 bhrāntacittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).

BLUNDERING (adj.):
     1 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

BLUNDERINGLY:
     1 pramādena
     2 by the adj. he talks b. pramattaḥ pralapati.

BLUNT (adj.):
     I Not sharp:
     1 nistejas (mfn.);
     2 kuṇṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṇṭhaṃ);
     3 kuṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 prakharaḥ (rā raṃ). To become b.: kuṇṭhībhavati.
     II Fig. Of understanding, etc.:
     1 sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ)
     2 nistejas (mfn.).
     III Plain but unceremonious: saralaḥ (lā laṃ) or ajihmaḥ (hmā hmaṃ), (kintu) avinītaḥ (tā taṃ) or aśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): by his b. remarks *tasya saralābhiravinīnābhiruktimiḥ; be frank not b. saralo bhava nāvinītaḥ.

BLUNT (v. t.):
     1 kuṇṭhīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8);
     2 nistejayati (tij, c. 10);
     3 taikṣṇyaṃ or prākharyaṃ nāśayati (c. of naś) or lumpati (lup, c. 6) (with gen.).

BLUNTLY: Frankly, rudely, plainly.

BLUNTNESS: Of manners: sahajāvinītatā (?); grāmyatā (?).

BLUR (subs.): v. Smear, blot.

BLUR (v.): v. To smear, stain.

BLUSH (v. i.):
     1 lajjāṃ nāṭayati (naṭ, c. 10), Mālavikā b. s mālavikā lajjāṃ nāṭayati, Mal. iii.
     2 jihre ti (hrī, c. 3) putting the sun to b. in splendour hrepayannahimatejasaṃ tviṣā, Ki xiii. 41. N. B. Redness of the face is not used to indicate b. ing.

BLUSH (subs.):
     I A rosy tint: raktiman (m.)
     II A red colour suffusing the cheeks or face: expr. by
     1 lajjā,
     2 vrīḍā or
     3 hrīḥ (=shame): a b. came upon her face tasyānanamālohitaṃ babhūva or, as gen. represented in Sanskrit vrīḍayādhomukhī babhūva.
     III Glance, view: q. v. Ph. at the first b. prathamadarśane.

BLUSHING (adj.): praphullaḥ (llā llaṃ): v. Ruddy, also blushful.

BLUSHFUL:
     1 lajjāvanamraḥ (mrā mraṃ);
     2 hrīparigataḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vrīḍāvanataḥ (tā taṃ).

BLUSTER (v. i.): To be boisterous: vthākrośati (kruś, c. l.).
     II To brag: q. v.
     III To bully: q. v.

BLUSTER (subs.): v. Noise, tumult, boasting.

BLUSTERER: v. Boaster, swaggerer.

BOA-CONSTRICTOR (a serpent):
     1 ajagaraḥ;
     2 vāhasaḥ;
     3 śayuḥ (rare).

BOAR:
     1 varāhaḥ;
     2 śūkaraḥ;
     3 kolaḥ;
     4 potrī, A.;
     5 dhṛṣṭiḥ, A.

BOARD (subs.):
     I A plank: phalaka (mn.).
     II A table for food: bhojanaphalakaḥ.
     III Food, diet: q. v.: āhāraḥ: Ph. but b. and clothing should be given grāsācchādanantu deyameva, K. b.
     IV For playing games:
     1 aṣṭāpadam,
     2 śāriphalam. V. A council: sabhā. A member of it: sabhyaḥ or sabhāsad (m.) Ph. to get on b. a vessel nāvamārohati (ruh, c. l.), Raj.; to leap over b. v. Overboard.

BOARD (v. t.):
     I To cover with b. s: phalakaiḥ ācchādayati (c. of chad,) or āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     II To enter a ship by force: balāt (nāvaṃ) ārohati (ruh, c. l).
     III To furnish with food: arthaṃ gṛhītvā) bhojayati (c. of bhuj).

BOARD (v. i.): (arthaṃ datvā) (paragṛhe) atti (ad, c. 2.) or abhyavaharati (hṛ, c. l.):
     I b. here with my master *atropādhyāyena saha bhojanaṃ karomi.

BOARDER: expr. by the verb: v. Board (v. i.) and (v. t.) (III).

BOARDING-SCHOOL: yasmin vidyālaye chātrā vāsaṃ bhojanañcādhigacchanti.

BOAST (v. i.):
     1 katyate vi-, (katth, c. l.), you b. for nothing tvaṃ katthase mūdhā, A. r.:
     2 dṛpyati (dṛp, c. 4.), he does not b. himself sa nātmanā dṛpyati, U. vi.:
     3 ātmānaṃ (one's self) or ātmacaritaṃ or ātmakarma (one's acts) ślāghate (ślāgh, c. l), why are you so b. ing of your acts kimevamātmakarma ślāghase, Ve. v.

BOAST (subs.): v. Boasting.

BOASTER:
     1 ātmaślāghin (m.);
     2 vikatthin (m.): v. Proud.

BOASTFUL, BOASTING (adj.):
     1 vikatthanaḥ (nā naṃ) or vikatthin (f. );
     2 ātmaślāghin (f. );
     3 dṛptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ);
     4 garvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     5 by comp. with ahaṅkāra.

BOASTING (subs.):
     1 ātmaślāghā;
     2 vikatthanam -nā, what b. about it kā tatra vikatthanā, Vi.;
     3 garvaḥ: v. Pride.

BOASTINGLY:
     1 sagarvam;
     2 sadarpam;
     3 sābhimānam;
     4 vikatthanayā.

BOAT:
     1 nauḥ;
     2 naukā;
     3 tarī;
     4 taraṇiḥ -ṇī;
     5 potaḥ (=a big boat, a ship).

BOATABLE (adj.): nautāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ).

BOAT-MAN:
     1 nāvikaḥ;
     2 potavāhaḥ;
     3 dāśaḥ (a class of boat-men). M. viii. 408.

BOAT-SWAIN: *naupālaḥ.

BOBBIN: v. Reel.

BODE: v. To forbode, portend. presage.

BODICE:
     1 kūrpāsaka.;
     2 colaḥ;
     3 kañcu likā.

BODILESS:
     1 aśarīraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 avigrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 anaṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ).

BODILY (adj.):
     1 śārīrikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 kāyikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 daihikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

BODILY (adv.):
     I Corporeally: saśarīram.
     II Entirely: q. v. sākalyena.

BODKIN:
     I For piercing: āvidhaḥ.
     II For the hair: keśakīlaḥ.

BODY:
     I The frame of an animal:
     1 śarīram;
     2 gātram;
     3 kāyaḥ;
     4 dehaḥ (mn.);
     5 vapuḥ;
     6 tanuḥ (f.);
     7 kalevaram;
     8 mūrtiḥ;
     9 vigrahaḥ (rare);
     10 varṣman (n.) (rare).
     II A person: v. No body, some body, etc.
     III Any substance: padārthaḥ, by collision of two b. s padārthadvayasya saṃghaṭṭāt.
     IV An assembly: q. v. sabhā. V. A collection: q. v. samavāyaḥ, a b. of men janasamavāyaḥ.
     VI The main or central part: Ph. the b. of a carriage yānamadhyam (?); the b. of a tree prakāṇḍaḥ; the b. of an army balasamudāyaḥ (?).

BODY-GUARD: śarīrarakṣādhikāraniyuktaḥ puruṣaḥ, K.: v. Guard.

BOG: anūpaḥ: v. Fen, marsh.

BOGGLE: v. To hesitate, shuffle.

BOGGY: anūpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Fenny, marshy.

BOIL (subs.):
     1 sphoṭaḥ;
     2 visphoṭaḥ;
     3 gaṇḍaḥ.

BOIL (v. t.):
     1 kvāthayati (c. of kvath), to b. in oil tailamadhye kvāthayati, V. p.
     2 pacati (pac, c. 1) (=to cook), much b. ed milk atipakvaṃ dugdham, Bha.

BOIL (v. i.):
     I Of liquids:
     1 kvathyate (pass. of kvath), b. ing water āpaḥ kvathyamānāḥ; V. d.
     II Fig., kvathyate: v. To burn.
     III To be cooked in liquid: siddha; (ddhā ddhaṃ) mavati (bhū, c. l).

BOILED (in a boiler):
     1 ukhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ,);
     2 sthālīpakva; (kvā kvaṃ);
     3 paiṭhara; (rī raṃ).

BOILER:
     1 sthālī;
     2 kaṭāhaḥ;
     3 piṭharaḥ;
     4 ukhā.

BOISTEROUS:
     I Violent, rough:
     1 uccai rasitṛ (f. trī), the b. ocean uccairasitāpagānāṃ patiḥ Si. iii. 72: v. Noisy;
     2 utkaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (=furious: q. v.);
     3 pracaṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ) (=violent, strong),
     II Turbulent, tumultous: q. v.

BOISTEROUSLY: v. Violently, furiously, tumultously;

BOLD
     I Daring, intrepid;
     1 sāhasikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sāhasin (f. )
     II Impudent, rude: q. v.:
     III Of expression etc. pragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ), a b. speaker pragalbhavāc (mfn.), D. Ph. it is a mere b. assertion that there is no part of the Vedas treating of existing things. bhūtavastuparo vedabhāgo nāstīti vacanaṃ sāhasamātram, S. i. 4.
     IV Conspicuous, prominent: q. v. V. Steep: q. v. To make b. (to say): nirbhayaṃ or pragalbhaṃ or sāhasena (vadati).

BOLD-FACED: v. Impudent.

BOLDLY:
     I Courageously:
     1 sāhasena;
     2 nirbhayam
     II Impudently: q. v.

BOLDNESS:
     I Courage:
     1 sāhasaṃ, pleased with the b. of the weaver kaulikasāhasānurañjitamanasā, P. i. 5;
     2 nirbhīkatā (=intrepidity);
     3 śauryam (= valour).
     II Of language: sāhasam.
     III Impudence: q. v. sāhasaṃ, it is b. to be in front of a master patyuḥ puraḥ sāhasamāsitavyam, Ki.

BOLE: v. Trunk, stem.

BOLL: v. Pod, follicle.

BOLSTER (subs.): upadhānam (=pillow: q. v.)

BOLSTER UP (v.): v. To support, prop up.

BOLT (subs.):
     I A missile, a dart: q. v.
     II For securing doors:
     1 argalam;
     2 viṣkambhaḥ (rare).
     III Thunder-bolt: q. v.

BOLT (v. t.):
     I To secure with a bolt:
     1 argalena pidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) or ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.) or badhnāti (bandh, c. 9);
     2 argalaṃ dadāti ( c. 3.) (with gen.).
     II To fasten, restrain: q. v.
     III To sift: q. v.
     IV To examine: q. v. V. To exhibit: q. v.

BOLT (v. i.): niṣpatati (pat c. l.), M. viii. 55.: v. To depart. Also=to start abruptly: q. v.

BOLTER, BOLTING-SIEVE:
     1 cālanī;
     2 titauḥ.

BOLUS: *gulīḥ v. Pill.

BOMB: āgneyagulī prajvalitaprakṣiptaḥ khaṇḍaśaḥ patitvā śatruvimardanakārī svayaṃvidīryamānapadārthaparipūrṇāyogulīviśeṣaḥ.

BOMBARD: *āgneyagulībhirmṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.): v. To batter.

BOMBARDMENT: *āgneyagulībhirmardanaṃ or vimardanaṃ or manthanam.

BOMBAST:
     1 apratītaśabdaprayogaḥ;
     2 uccaśabdaprayogaḥ;
     3 uccaśabdāḥ (=big words)

BOMBASTIC:
     1 apratītaḥ (tā taṃ), Kav.;
     2 uccaḥ (ccā ccaṃ);
     3 dhvanisāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

BOND (subs.):
     I A band, a ligament: q. v.: bandhaḥ.
     II Fig.:
     1 pāśaḥ, b. of affection praṇayapāśaḥ;
     2 bandhaḥ (rare), b. of hope āśābandhaḥ. Me. iii. In. pl., imprisonment, captivity: q. v.: bandhanam.
     IV A legal document: pratijñāpatram: Ph. bail b. prātibhāvyapatram (?).

BOND (adj.): v. Captive.

BONDAGE:
     1 dāsatvam (=slavery: q. v.);
     2 vanditvam (=captivity; q. v.)

BONDED (adj.): Ph. b. goods *pratijñātaśulkadānāni dravyāṇi (n. pl.): b. warehouse *pratijñātaśulkadānadravyaśālā.

BOND-MAID, BOND-WOMAN:
     1 dāsī;
     2 ceṭī;
     3 kiṅkarī.

BOND-MAN, BOND-SERVANT:
     1 dāsaḥ;
     2 kiṅkaraḥ;
     3 ceṭaḥ.

BONE (subs.):
     1 asthi (n.);
     2 kīkasam (rare);
     3 kulyam (rare).

BONE, OF BONE (adj.): asthi (in comp.), bache asthitodaḥ; b. necklace asthimālā.

BONE (v. t.):
     1 nirasthīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 asthīni nirharati (hṛ, c. l.). or niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1) (with gen.).

BONELESS
     1 asthihīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 asthirahitaḥ (tā taṃ).

BONESET: sandhimuktaṃ kāṇḍabhagnaṃ vāsthi samādadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) or sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

BONE-SETTER: yaḥ sandhimuktaṃ bhagnaṃ cāsthi samādadhāti; bhagnāsthicikitsakaḥ.

BONFIRE: utsavāgniḥ (?) utsavadhūpaḥ (?) (see B. iii. 5).

BONMOT: narmabhāṣitam: v. Witticism, jest.

BONNET: (strīlokabhṛtaṃ) śirastram.

BONNY (adj.): sundaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Handsome, pretty.

BONY:
     1 asthimat or asthivat (f. ) (=having bones);
     2 asthimayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (=made of or full of bones): v. Also robust, strong.

BOOBY: sthūlabuddhiḥ: v. Blockhead, fool.

BOOK (subs.):
     I Any literary work:
     1 pustakam, a printed b. *mudritapustakam;
     2 granthaḥ (= work: q. v.)
     II A division of a literary work:
     1 adhyāyaḥ, S.:
     2 parvan, (n.) (sp. of the b. s of the Mahābhārata):
     3 kāṇḍaḥ (sp. of the b. s of the Rāmāyaṇa;
     4 sargaḥ (=canto), N. Ph.: account-b. gaṇanāpatrikā, Raj.; "I was so much in his b. s" tasyāhametādṛśamanugrahabhājanamāsam; without b. (=without authority) pramāṇaṃ vinā; without b. (=by memory q. v.): pustakavyatirekeṇa (?).

BOOK (v. t.): patrikāyāṃ sanniveśayati (c. of viś) or āropayati (c. of ruh).

BOOKBINDER: *pustakabandhanakārīḥ v. Binder.

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BOOKBINDING: pustakabandhanaśilpam; or sim. pustakabandhanam.

BOOK-CASE: *pustakarakṣiṇī; pustakādhāraḥ.

BOOKISH:
     1 granthapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?);
     2 pustakāsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (?).

BOOK-KEEPER: gaṇanāpatrikāpālaḥ (?): v. Accountant.

BOOK-KEEPING: gaṇanāpatrikāvidyā.

BOOK-SELLER:
     1 pustakavikretṛ (f. trī);
     2 pustaka vikrayin (f. ṇī).

BOOK-WORM:
     I A person extremely fond of books: pustakacuñcuḥ
     II A worm that eats b. s: dhuṇaḥ; pustakakhādakakīṭaḥ.

BOOM (v. i.): pradhvanati (dhvan, c. l): v. To echo.

BOOM (subs.):
     I For extending the bottom of sails: *vātavasanaprasāraṇadaṇḍaḥ
     II A chain or line of spars to obstruct navigation etc.: bandhaḥ.

BOON (adj.):
     I Gay, merry: q. v.
     II Kind, bountiful: q. v.

BOON (subs.):
     I Favour, gift: q. v. anugrahaḥ.
     II A prayer, petition: q. v.: prārthanā.

BOOR:
     I A peasant, a rustic: q. v.
     II A rude man: avinītaḥ or nirmaryādaḥ.

BOORISH:
     1 grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     2 aśiṣṭa; (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

BOORISHLY: grāmyajanavat: v. Also coarsely.

BOORISHNESS:
     1 grāmyatā (=rusticity);
     2 aśiṣṭatā (=coarseness: q. v.).

BOOT (v. t.): v. To benefit, profit.

BOOT, TO: i. e. in addition: exp by the adj. atiriktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

BOOT (subs.):
     1 pādukā (=shoe: q. v.);
     2 unnatapādukā (?).

BOOTH:
     1 parṇaśālā (=hut);
     2 dūṣyam (=tent):
     3 upakāryā (rare).

BOOTJACK: *unnatapādukāniḥsāriṇī.

BOOTLESS: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fruitless, unavailing.

BOOTLESSLY: nirarthakam: v. In vain.

BOOT-TREE: pādukānāṃ carmaśithilīkaraṇāya jaṃghākṛtikāṣṭhayantram; kāṣṭhapādukā.

BOOTY: luṇṭhitam or luṇṭhitāni (n. pl.): v. Plunder.

BORAX:
     1 ṭaṅkanam;
     2 dhātudrāvakam.

BORDER (subs.):
     1 paryantaḥ, whose b. s were carved with flowers kusumalavacchuritaparyantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) D. ii.; from the b. of the disk of the sun paryantādahimamayūkhamaṇḍalasya; Ki. vii. 9.;
     2 prāntaḥ, Ku. iii. 43.;
     3 upāntaḥ, on whose b. yasyopānte, Me. ii. 14.;
     4 antaḥ, on the b. of a forest vanānte. B. of a garment:
     1 añcalaḥ;
     2 daśā.

BORDER (v. t.): paryantaṃ or prāntaṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 2) or nirmāti (, c. 2) (with gen.) (?).

BORDER ON or UPON:
     I Lit., expr. by the subs.: lands b. ing on the Kailāsa kailāsaparyantabhūmayaḥ or kailāsaparisarāḥ; Bengal, on the south b. s on the sea vaṅgānāṃ dakṣiṇasīmā sāgaraḥ: v. To adjoin.
     II Fig.: To resemble closely: vanity b. s on insolence garvo dhāṣṭharyānnātidūraḥ.

BORE (subs.):
     I That which bores:
     1 vedhanī;
     2 vedhanikā;
     3 āvidhaḥ.
     II A hole made by boring:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram.
     III Calibre: q. v.
     IV A high tide: vānam. v. A troublesome fellow: udvejakaḥ (?).

BORE (v. t.):
     I To perforate:
     1 vidhyati ā-, (vyadh, c. 4);
     2 sphoṭayati (sphuṭa, c. 10);
     3 chidrayati (chidr, c. 10).
     II To vex, worry, harass: q. v.

BORER:
     I One who bores:
     II That which bores: v. Bore (I).

BORING:
     1 vedhaḥ, b. of the ears (a religious ceremony), karṇavedhaḥ;
     2 sphoṭanam.

BORN:
     1 jātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 prasūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 udbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 jaḥ (jā jaṃ), in. comp., b. of a different father anyapitṛjaḥ (jā jaṃ), K. b.

BORN, BE:
     1 jāyate (jan, c. 4), b. of the race of Manu manoḥ kule jātam, Si. i. 67;
     2 udbhavati (bhū, c. l) the child was b. of me bālo mayyudabhūt, D. iv.;
     3 sūyate pra, (pass. of );
     1 utpadyate (pad, c. 4) (with loc.). Ph. the son b. of a Śudra by a slave girl yaḥ śūdrasya suto dāsyāṃ bhavet, M. ix. 179.

BORON: *voraṇaḥ; dhātuviśeṣaḥ.

BOROUGH: nagaram (=town); *briṭanīyamahāsabhāyāṃ pratinidhipreraṇādhikāri nagaram.

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BORROW:
     I To b. money, etc.:
     1 ṛṇaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8), should eat ghee (even) by b. ing ṛṇaṃ kṛtvā ghṛtaṃ pibet, D. s.;
     2 ṛṇaṃ gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9) or ādatte (, c. 3);
     3 dhāraṃ karoti (?).
     II To take from another: Ph. this sentence is b. ed from Kālidāsa *vacanamidaṃ kālidāsād gṛhītam.
     III Assume, imitate: q. v.

BORROWER:
     1 ṛṇakartā;
     2 ṛṇagrahītā;
     3 ṛṇagrāhī;
     4 khādakaḥ.

BORROWING (subs.):
     1 ṛṇagrahaḥ -ṇam;
     2 ṛṇakaraṇam.

BOSKY: v. Woody, bushy.

BOSOM (subs.):
     I The breast:
     1 vakṣas (n.), pressed (him) to his bosom niṣpipeṣa parirabhya vakṣasā. Ki. xviii. 13;
     2 uram (n.), and beat her b. uro jaghāna ca, Ku. iv. 26;
     3 vakṣaḥsthalam;
     4 bhujāntaram (poet).
     II Fig.: The heart: q. v. hṛdayam, b. friend hṛdayaṅgamaḥ sakhā Ku. iv. 24.
     III The interior: garbhaḥ, the b. of the earth bhūgarbhaḥ.

BOSOM (v. t.):
     I To take to heart: hṛdi dhārayati (dhṛ, c. l) or nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3).
     II To conceal: q. v.

BOSS: gaṇḍaḥ (?): v. Stud, knob.

BOTANIC, -AL: udbhidvidyāviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ); B. garden *udbhidudyānam.

BOTANIST: *udbhidvid (mfn.); udbhidvidyāviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ).

BOTANIZE: *parīkṣāyai tarulatādīn gaveṣayati (gaveṣ, c. 10).

BOTANY: udbhidvidyā; tarulatādiviṣayā vidyā.

BOTCH (subs.):
     I A blocth: q. v.
     II A pokS q. v.: kanthā.
     III A clumsy performance: v. Clumsy and performance.

BOTCH (v. t.):
     I To pokS: q. v.
     II To do any thing clumsily: kauśalaṃ vinā or apaṭu kāryaṃ karoti (?): you have b. ed this tvayedaṃ naṣṭam (?).

BOTCHER: adakṣasūcikaḥ (?).

BOTH (adj.):
     1 ubhau (m. du.), ubhe (f. n. du.), b. of them bowing were not (distinctly) seen by b. (the mothers) ubhāvubhābhyāṃ praṇatau na dṛṣṭau, R. xiv. 2.;
     2 ubhayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (gen. in comp.) on b. sides ubhayataḥ; in b. ways ubhayathā; in b. places ubhayatra; b. days ubhayedyuḥ;
     3 Often sim. by the dual: b. the parents pitarau, R. i. 1.; with b. the hands dorbhyām, Ku. iii. 76.;
     4 dvayam affixed, to b. the seniors gurudvayāya, Si. ii. 6.

BOTH (conj.): ca...ca, where b. fate and cupid are assailants yasmin vidhiśca madanaśca kṛtābhiyogaḥ, Ma. i.; does b. good and bad śubhañcāśubhañca vidadhāti, Ma. i.; b. to see the country and to learn its customs *deśadarśanāyācāravyavahāraparijñānāya ca.

BOTHER (v.): v. To tease, annoy.

BOTS: kṛmiḥ.

BOTTLE (v. t.): Ph.: to b. wine from a cask bhāṇḍānmadyaṃ gṛhītvā botaleṣu niveśayati (c. of viś) or botalān pūrayati (pūr, c. 10).

BOTTLE (subs.): *botalaḥ; kācādinirmitapātraviśeṣaḥ.

BOTTOM (subs.):
     I The lowest part:
     1 tallam, whose b. cannot be touched atalasparśaḥ (rśā rśaṃ); who were sitting at the b. of the tree tarutale'vasthitān, H. ii.;
     2 adhobhāgaḥ;
     3 pādaḥ (of a hill: v. Foot).
     II Fig.: Ph. one who has dived to the b. of Philosophy darśanapāradarśī; one who has gone to the b. of all shāstras sakalaśāstrapāraṅgamaḥ, P. i. 10; you should examine it to the b. tvayedamāmūlaṃ parīkṣitavyam; you are at the b. of this mischief tvamasyānarthasya bhūlaṃ or nidānam.
     III A valley: q. v.; nimnabhūmiḥ.
     IV A ship: q. v.: potaḥ. V. Stamina: q. v.
     VI Dregs: q. v.: malam.

BOTTOM (v. t.):
     I To found or build upon q. v. B. ed: v. Based.
     II To furnish with a bottom: talaṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3) (with gen.) (?).

BOTTOMLESS:
     1 agādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 atalasparśa (rśā rśaṃ).

BOTTOMRY: potabandhakaḥ: v. Hypothecation.

BOUGH:
     1 śākhā;
     2 viṭapaḥ (rare).

BOUGIE: mūtramārgādermalaśodhanāya yantraviśeṣaḥ; *praveśikā

BOULDER: gaṇḍaśailaḥ (?), Ki. vii. 37.

BOULEVARD: rājapathaḥ: v. Street.

BOUNCE:
     I To spring: q. v.: āskandī (skand, c. 1).
     II To boast: q. v.

BOUNCING: v. Stout, strong.

BOUND (subs.):
     I A leap, spring: q. v. lamphaḥ.
     II Limit, confine, boundary: q. v.: Ph. without b. v. Boundless; to keep within b. s sīmāṃ na vyatyeti (i, c. 2); to transgress the b. s of decorum maryādāṃ bhinatti (bhid, c. 7).

BOUND (v. t.): Ph.: b. ed on the north by the Himālayas yasyottarasīmā himālayaḥ; b. ed on the all sides (i. e. encircled) by the river Vetravatī vetravatyā parigataḥ (tā taṃ); b. this field asya kṣetrasya sīmāṃ nirdhāraya (dhṛ, c. 10).

BOUND (v. i.): v. To leap, spring.

BOUND (adj.)
     I Confine: baddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. To bind.
     II Destined: Ph. b. for Puri purīyātrin (f. ṇī); where are you b. to kva gacchasi.
     III Equiv. to must: q. v.: you are b. to do this tvayedamavaśyaṃ kartavyam.

BOUNDARY: sīmā (f.) or sīman (m.): a dispute about b. s sīmāvivādaḥ; on the b. lines sīmāsandhiṣu; b. marks sīmāliṅgāni, M. viii. 6. 248. 249.

BOUNDEN (adj.):
     1 avaśyakartavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ);
     2 avaśyakaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

BOUNDLESS:
     1 asīmaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 niravadhi (mfn.) (rare), b. dikS niravadhiparikhā, Vi. vi.

BOUNDLESSNESS:
     1 asīmatā;
     2 anantatā;
     3 ameyatā.

BOUNTEOUS BOUNTEOUSLY: v. Bountiful, bountifully.

BOUNTIFUL:
     1 vadānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ): v. Munificent;
     2 udāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Liberal.

BOUNTIFULLY: to give b. muktahastaṃ dadāti: v. Liberally, largely.

BOUNTIFULNESS:
     1 vadānyatā;
     2 audāryam: v. Liberality, generosity.

BOUNTY:
     I Munificence: q. v.: vadānyatā.
     II Gift: q. v. dānam.
     III A premium or reward: q. v.: pāritoṣikam.

BOUQUET:
     I Of flowers: v. Nosegay.
     II Of wine: āmodaḥ.

BOURGEON: sphuṭati (sphuṭ, c. 6): v. To bud, sprout.

BOURN: v. Bound, limit.

BOUT:
     I A conflict, contest: q. v.
     II A turn: q. v. vāraḥ.

BOVINE:
     1 comp. with go-, b. genus gojātiḥ;
     2 gavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ).

BOW (v. i.): namati pra-, (nam, c. l), b. s to you all namati vaḥ sarvān, Ku. vi. 89.

BOW (v. t.): namayati ava- ā- vi- pra- abhi-, (c. of nam): b. ing the head śiro namayitvā (not śirasā praṇamya which means a dif. kind of salutation): v. To bend, incline, subdue.

BOW (subs.):
     I Salutation: q. v.:
     1 praṇāmaḥ (the most common word, though the form of salutation dif. from a b.);
     2 mūrghnaḥ kampaḥ, Ku. vii. 43.
     II The stem or prow of a ship: q. v.: potāgram.
     III A knot: q. v.: pāśaḥ.

BOW (subs.):
     I For discharging arrows:
     1 dhanuḥ;
     2 cāpa (mn.);
     3 kārmukam;
     4 śarāsanam. B. of Arjuna gāṇḍīvaḥ; b. of Śiva pinākaḥ; the nokSed extremity of a b. aṭanī; to bend the b. against deer dhanuridaṃ mṛgeṣu namayitum, Sa. ii.
     II A musician's b.
     1 koṇaḥ;
     2 parivādaḥ;
     3 śārikā (rare).

BOW-BENT:
     1 vakraḥ (krā kraṃ);
     2 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Crooked.

BOW-LEGGED:
     1 prajñu (mfn.);
     2 pragatajānu (mfn.).

BOW-MAN:
     1 dhanvī;
     2 dhānuṣkaḥ;
     3 dhanurdharaḥ;
     4 dhanurbhṛt;
     5 niṣaṅgī.

BOW-STRING:
     1 jyā;
     2 dhanurguṇaḥ;
     3 maurvī;
     4 jīvā (rare).

BOWELS:
     I The intestines: antrāṇi (n. pl.).
     II The interior of any thing, garbhaḥ.
     III Fig., compassion, pity: q. v.

BOWER:
     1 kuñjaḥ;
     2 nikuñjaḥ;
     3 latāmaṇḍapaḥ.

BOWL (subs.):
     I A vessel: puṭaḥ (?): v. Cup.
     II The hollow of a vessel
     1 puṭaḥ;
     2 garbhaḥ
     III A ball: q. v. gulikā.

BOWL (v. t.):
     I To roll: q. v.
     II To pelt: q. v. B. out: v. Knock down.

BOWL (v. i.): gulikābhiḥ krīḍati (krīḍ, c. l).

BOWLER: expr. by verb: v. To bowl.

BOWLING-GREEN: gulikākrīḍārthaṃ samīkṛto bhūbhāgaḥ.

BOWSPRIT: potāgrapralambī vātavasanaprasāraṇadaṇḍaḥ.

BOX (subs.):
     I A chest, etc.:
     1 peṭikā;
     2 samudgaḥ -kaḥ;
     3 sampuṭaḥ -kaḥ.
     II An enclosed space with seats in a theatre: *koṣṭhaḥ or nibhṛtakoṣṭhaḥ.
     III The driver's seat on a carriage; sūtāsanam (?).
     IV A tree; vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ. v. A blow: q. v.: muṣṭiprahāraḥ.
     VI A present: q. v.

BOX (v. i.):
     1 mallayuddhaṃ karoti;
     2 muṣṭīmuṣṭi praharati (hṛ, c. l) or yuvyate (yudh, c. 4).

BOX (v. t.): muṣṭinā praharati (hṛ, c. l) or hanti (han, c. 2).

BOXER:
     1 mallayoddhā;
     2 mallaḥ;
     3 bhallaḥ (rare).

BOXING (subs.): mallayuddham (also = b. makS.).

BOXING-DAY; *kṛṣṭasya janmottaradinaṃ yadā pāritoṣikāṇīṃlaṇḍanadeśe pradīyante.

BOY:
     1 bālaḥ;
     2 bālakaḥ;
     3 śiśuḥ;
     4 kumāraḥ;
     5 dārakaḥ (=an infant);
     6 māṇavakaḥ (spe. in contempt.). From a boy bālyāt prabhṛti.

BOYHOOD:
     1 bālyam;
     2 śaiśavam;
     3 kaumāram;
     4 śiśutvam (rare).

BOYISH: bāliśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Childish. b. nature: bālabhāvaḥ.

BRACE (subs.):
     I A support: *ālamba.
     II A cincture or bandage: q. v.
     III In printing: "}" 'ityākāraḥ saṃyogacihnaviśeṣa:
     IV A pair, a couple; q. v. V. A strap, girth; q. v.: carmabandhaḥ (?). VI. A rope: vāyuvasanadaṇḍacālanarajjuḥ.

BRACE (v. t.):
     I To prop, support: q. v.
     II To tighten, strengthen: q. v.
     III To turn the yards of a ship:
     1 sañcālayati (c. of cal);
     2 parāvartayati (c. of vṛt).

BRACELET:
     1 aṅgadam;
     2 kaṅkaṇam;
     3 keyūram;
     4 valaya (mn.).

BRACKET (subs.):
     I A support:
     1 niryūhaḥ;
     2 nāgadantaḥ.
     II A mark in printing: *ardhacandradvayam cihnaviśeṣaḥ.

BRACKET (v. t.): *ardhacandradvayena cihrayati (cihn, c. 10).

BRACKISH:
     1 īṣallavaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 comp. with kṣāra-, b. water kṣārajalam (?).

BRAD: kīlaviśeṣaḥ. B. -awl vedhanikāḥ v. Gimlet.

BRAG; vikatthate (katy, c. l): To boast.

BRAGGART, BRAGGADOCIO: vikatthīḥ v. Boaster.

BRAGGING (adj.): vikatthin (f. ): v. Boasting.

BRAGGING (subs.): vikatthanam: v. Boasting.

BRAGGINGLY:
     1 sāhaṅkāram;
     2 savikattham: v. Boastingly.

BRAHMIN:
     1 bāhmaṇaḥ;
     2 vipraḥ;
     3 dvijaḥ. a false B.:
     1 brāhmaṇabruvaḥ;
     2 brahmabandhuḥ. The B. s add śarman (m.) after their names.

BRAID (v. t.).
     I Of hair:
     1 kavarīṃ or keśapāśaṃ bavnāti (bandh, c. 9);
     2 keśān saṃgrathanāti (grantha, c. 9).
     II To weave, entwine: q. v.

BRAID (subs.):
     I Of hair:
     1 kavarī;
     2 dhammillaḥ (b. ed and ornamented hair;
     3 veṇī (unornamented b. ed hair, as worn by widows, etc.)
     II A knot: q. v.

BRAIN:
     I Lit.:
     1 mastiṣkam;
     2 mastuluṅgam;
     3 gordam (rare).
     II Intellect, sense: q. v.: buddhiḥ.

BRAIN (v. t.):
     I mastakaṃ cūrṇayati, etc.
     II Fig.: To ruin, destroy.

BRAINLESS: nirbuddhi (mfn.): Senseless, stupid.

BRAKE:
     I For railway cars.: *gatistambhayantram.
     II A cart for breaking in horses: *aśvadamanayānam.
     III A snaffle: q. v.
     IV A thicket: q. v.

BRAMBLE: kaṇṭakigulmaḥ, K. b.

BRAMBLY:
     1 kaṇṭakigulmāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 kaṇṭakin (f. ) (=thorn).

BRAN:
     1 tuṣaḥ;
     2 buṣam.

BRANCH (subs.): śākhā (in all the senses of the English word). B. of a b.
     1 praśākhā;
     2 pratiśākhā, V. p.;
     3 avāntaraśākhā,
     V p. com.

BRANCH (v. i.):
     I Lit.: śākhāṃ nirmuñcati (muc, c. 6.).
     II To divide into parts: q. v.: the race b. ed into eight parts bhinno'ṣṭadhā vaṃśaḥ. R. xvi. 3.

BRANCH OFF: Ph. there again b. es off *tatrāsyāparā śākhā nirgatā.

BRANCH OUT: Ph. b. ed out into a long discourse savistaraṃ vaktumārebhe.

BRANCHING, BRANCHY adj.):
     1 śākhin (f.) ) (=having branches);
     2 śākhāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (=full of b. es.);
     3 śākhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ) (rare).

BRAND (subj.):
     I Fire-brand: q. v.: alātam.
     II A mark of infamy:
     1 aṅkaḥ;
     2 cihnam.
     III A sword: q. v.
     IV Kind, quality: q. v.: Ph. ale of so and so b. *amukacihraviśiṣṭaṃ yavasurama.

BRAND (v. t.):
     I With a hot iron: (taptalohena) cihnayati (cihra, c. 10.) or aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.).
     II To stigmatize: q. v.: Ph. b. ed with infamy, ayaśasāṅkitaḥ (tā taṃ).

BRANDISH:
     1 lāsayati (c. of lasa);
     2 bhramayati (c. of bhram), b. ed the pikes śūlāni bhramayāṃcakruḥ. B. xiv. 9. Ph. b. ed their bows dhanūṃṣyāsphālitāni (after Śi.).

BRANDY: madirāviśeṣaḥ; vāruṇī.

BRANGLE: v. Wrangle, squabble.

BRASH (adj.): adhīraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Impetuous.

BRASIER: A pan for coals:
     1 aṅgāraśakaṭī;
     2 aṅgāradhānikā.

BRASS:
     1 pittalam;
     2 ārakūṭam (rare). Oxide of b. rītipuṣpam. A.

BRASSY: comp. with pittala-.: v. Brazen.

BRAT: armakaḥ: v. Child.

BRAVADO: v. Boast, defiance.

BRAVE (v. t.): v. To face, disregard, defy.

BRAVE (adj.):
     I Courageous:
     1 sāhasikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (=bold, daring);
     2 vikrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (=valorous);
     3 nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=fearless);
     4 tejasvin (f. ) (=spirited). Ab. man: i. e. a hero:
     1 vīraḥ;
     2 śūraḥ Ph.: fortune favours the b. sāhase śrīḥ prativasati. Mr. iv.
     II Excellent, noble, grand: q. v.

BRAVELY:
     1 nirbhayam v. Fearlessly;
     2 kṛtasattvavegaḥ (gā gaṃ), Ki. xvii. 15.;
     3 sadhairyam (=with fortitude).

BRAVERY:
     I Courage:
     1 śauryam;
     2 sāhasam (=boldness);
     3 vikramaḥ (=valour)
     4 nirbhīkatā (fearlessnes).
     II Splendour, magnificence: q. v.

BRAVO:
     I Interjec.: sādhu. or sādhu sādhu.
     II Subs.: v. Assassin.

BRAWL (v. i.): vyākrośati (kruś, c. l.): v. To wrangle, quarrel.

BRAWL, BRAWLING (subs.): vyākrośaḥ. v. Wrangling, quarrel.

BRAWLING (adj.): kalahapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ): Quarrelsome, noisy.

BRAWN:
     I The flesh of a boar:
     1 śūkaramāṃsam;
     2 vallūram.
     II Muscle, strength: q. v.

BRAWNY: māṃsalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Muscular, strong.

BRAY (v.):
     I To pound: q. v.: pinaṣṭi (piṣ, c. 7.).
     II To utter a harsh cry:
     1 citkāraṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 virauti (ru, c. 2.).

BRAY, BRAYING (subs.):
     1 citkāraḥ;
     2 kharanādaḥ (=b. of an ass): v. Noise.

BRAYING (subs.): i. e. pounding; q. v.: peṣaṇam.

BRAZEN:
     I Made of brass:
     1 pittalamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 by comp., b. vessel pittalapātram.
     II Shameless, impudent; q. v. nirlajjaḥ (jjā jjaṃ).

BRAZEN-BROWED, BRAZEN-FACED: v. Shameless, impudent.

BRAZIER: kāṃsyakāraḥ.

BRAZIL-NUT: phalaviśeṣaḥ:

BRAZIL-WOOD: raṅgado raktavarṇakāṣṭhaviśeṣaḥ.

BREACH:
     I Fracture: q. v.
     II A gap made by breaking:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram
     III Violation: q. v.: Ph. b. of peace śāntibhaṅgaḥ (?); b. of promise pratijñābhaṅgaḥ; b. of agreement samayabhedaḥ; b. of faith viśvāsaghātaḥ. IV. B. of union: bhedaḥ; a b. between friends suhṛdbhedaḥ.

BREACH (v. t.): i. e. to make a breach: v. Breach (subs.) (II).

BREAD:
     I Lit.: roṭī, Bha. Unleavened b. apūpaḥ.
     II Sustenance, living: q. v.: annaṃ or annajalam (=b. and water).

BREAD-CORN: roṭīkaraṇopayogigodhūmādiśasyam.

BREAD-FRUIT:
     1 kaṇṭa- or kaṇṭaka- or kaṇṭakiphalam;
     2 panasaṃ or panasaphalam.

BREAD-FRUIT-TREE:
     1 panasaḥ;
     2 kaṇṭaki ()phalaḥ;
     3 kaṇṭakaphalaḥ.

BREAD-ROOT: pālaṅgākāraḥ śākabhedaḥ.

BREADTH:
     I Width:
     1 vistāraḥ;
     2 parisaraḥ;
     3 prasthaḥ;
     4 āyāmaḥ (rare);
     5 pariṇāhaḥ;
     6 viṣkambhaḥ (rare). Ph.: two fingers in b. dvyaṅgulaḥ (lā laṃ); (the doors) should be made two cubits in b. tāni dvihastavistṛtāni kāryāṇi.
     II In painting: b. of effect: vistāraḥ (?).

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BREAK (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7.), the flag-staff is broken bhagnaḥ syandanaketuḥ, Ve. ii.;
     2 cūrṇayati saṃ-, (cūrṇ, c. 10.) (=reduce to powder), shall I not b. Suyodhana's thighs with my mace saṃcūrṇayāmi gadayā na suyodhanorū, Ve. ii. To weaken or subdue: q. v.: bhanakti.
     III To make bankrupt: avasādayati (c. of sad) (?). Miscell.: but do not b. my meditation mā punaḥ samādhiṃ bhaṃkṣyasi, V. ii.; b. ing his silence maunabhaṅgaṃ vidhāyāsya, Vet.; to b. one's sleep nidrābhaṅga karoti, Si.; to b. an agreement samayaṃ bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.), M. v. To violate; I will b. all order bhanajmi sarvamaryādāḥ, B. vi. 38.; to "b. one's mind" hṛdayaṃ vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), Ki. v. To open; to b. horse etc.: v. To break in; to b. wind pardate (pard, c. l.); I will b. their union tān vighaṭayāmi (ghaṭ, c. 10.) (the time) has come (for) b. ing my fast by (sucking) blood upasthitā śoṇitapāraṇā me, R. ii. 39.; to b. ground mṛttikām uttolayati (tul, c. 10.) (?); to b. one's heart hṛdayaṃ vidārayati (c. of dṛ), U.

BREAK (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhajyate (pass. of bhañj) or more commonly bhagnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. l.);
     2 truṭyati (truṭ, c. 4.). Fig. my heart is b. ing sphuṭati hṛdayam, U.; v. To rend.
     II To become bankrupt: avasīdati (sad, c. l.) (?).
     III To dawn: Ph. the day has nearly broken prabhātaprāyā rajanī, Sa. iv.
     IV To decline in health; Ph. you are b. ing every day anudivasaṃ parihīyase'ṅgeṣu, Sa. iii. V. To burst: q. v.
     VI To fall out: Ph. their union broke bhedasteṣāmajani.

BREAK AWAY: i. e. to become dispersed, as clouds: viprakīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) bhavati.

BREAK DOWN (v. t.): cūrṇayati (cūrṇ, c. 10.): v. To crush, demolish.

BREAK DOWN (v. i.):
     I Lit.: bhagnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ) bhavati.
     II Fig. To fail: avasīdati (sad, c. l.).

BREAK FORTH: v. To break out.

BREAK IN:
     I Lit.: prasahya praviśati (viś, c. 6.).
     II To train horses, etc.
     1 damayati (c. of dam);
     2 vinayati (, c. l.).

BREAK INTO:
     1 apajihīrṣayā praviśati (viś, c. 6.) (?);
     2 sandhiṃ kṛtvā praviśati (=by making a hole under the walls of a house;
     3 kuḍya kṛtvā praviśati (by making a passage in a wall).

BREAK IN or INTO PIECES:
     I Trans: khaṇḍaṃ khaṇḍaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 cūrṇayati;
     II Intrans:
     1 khaṇḍaṃ khaṇḍaṃ bhavati (bhū, c. l.), the fruit fell from the king's hand and broke in p. phalaṃ rājñaḥ karakamalānnipatya bhagnaṃ khaṇḍaṃ babhūva, Vet.;
     2 cūrṇitaḥ (tā taṃ) (bhavati), H. iv.

BREAK LOOSE:
     I Lit.: expr. by circumlo: it broke loose and got into the high street sa ālānastambhaṃ bhaṃktvārājamārgamavatīrṇaḥ Mr. ii.
     II Fig.: of anger, etc.:
     1 uddīṣyate (dīp, c. 4.);
     2 sphūrjati (sphurj, c. l.).

BREAK OFF (v. t.):
     I Lit.: bhanakti.
     II To put and end to: Ph. b. his journey for three nights trirātraṃ prayānabhaṅgamakarot, P. i. p.; to b. a marriage vivāhabhaṅgaṃ karoti (?) (comp. the Bengali idiom).

BREAK OFF (v. i.): viramati (ram, c. l.) (=to cease: q. v.).

BREAK OPEN:
     1 bhanakti;
     2 troṭayati (c. of truṭ).

BREAK OUT:
     I To escape from restraint: v. To escape.
     II To arise suddenly:
     1 āvirbhavati or prādurbhavati (bhū, c. l.);
     2 udeti (i, c. 2.):
     3 udgacchati (gam, c. l.).

BREAK UP (v. t.): To break into pieces: q. v.
     II To abolish: q. v. to b. an assembly sabhābhaṅgaṃ karoti or sabhāṃ bhanakti, C.

BREAK UP (v. i.):
     I To break into pieces: q. v.
     II To be dissolved: Ph. let us b. now svaṃ svaṃ sthānamidānīṃ gacchāmaḥ.

BREAK UPON: Ph. the waves b. the rocks upalāhatāstaraṅgā vibhedaṃ or vilayaṃ gacchanti (after Ki. and Si.).

BREAK WITH: vivadate (vad, c. l.): v. To quarrel.

BREAK (subs.):
     I An interruption:
     1 vicchedaḥ;
     2 chedaḥ.
     II An opening made by fracture: bhaṅgaḥ. III. B. of day: v. Dawn.

BREAKAGE: i. e. an allowance for breaking: Perh. simp. bhaṅgaḥ.

BREAKER:
     I One who breaks: bhañjakaḥ: v. To break for the different senses.
     II A wave breaking upon a sand-bank, etc.: bhaṅgaḥ or bhaṅgiḥ.

BREAKFAST (subs.):
     1 prātarāśaḥ;
     2 prātarbhojanam;
     3 kalyavartaḥ, Mr.

BREAKFAST (v. i.): prātarāśaṃ or prātarbhojanaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.).

BREAKING (subs.): bhaṅgaḥ (in almost all the English senses). B. in (of horses etc.) damanam. B. out (of disease, etc.):
     1 udbhavaḥ;
     2 āvirbhāvaḥ.

BREAK-WATER: *jalavegarodhakaḥ.

BREAM: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

BREAST (subs.):
     I The bosom: q. v.
     1 vakṣas;
     2 uras (n.)
     II The organ that secretes milk:
     1 stanaḥ;
     2 kucaḥ (of human b. only);
     3 payodharaḥ.
     III The heart: q. v. hṛdayam. B. -bone vakṣo'sthi (n.)

BREAST (v. t.): sammukhayati (nomi.): v. To face.

BREAST-PLATE: urastrāṇam: v. Corslet, cuirass.

BREAST-WORK: pragaṇḍī, Mah.: v. Rampart.

BREATH:
     I Lit.:
     1 śvāsaḥ, to take b. śvasiti;
     2 niḥśvāsaḥ (=air exhaled), to hold b. niḥśvāsaṃ ruṇaddhi;
     3 prāṇaḥ (=air inhaled), restraint of b. (a religious exercise) prāṇāyāmaḥ; or prāṇasaṃyamaḥ
     4 śvasitam, out of b. muhurmuhuratyulvaṇaṃ niḥśvasiti, K. II. Life: prāṇāḥ (m. pl.).
     III Respite, pause: q. v. virāmaḥ.
     IV An instant: nimeṣaḥ, in a b. nimeṣeṇa. V. Breeze: q. v.

BREATHE (v. i.):
     I To respire: śvasiti (śvas, c. l.). to b. the last prāṇān jahāti (, c. 3.): v. To die.
     II To live: q. v.: śvasiti (I) who b. yaḥ śvasimi N. v. 109.
     III Pause, rest: q. v. to b. hard viniḥśvasiti N. xii. 2.; to b. freely ucchvasiti, Ki. ix. 21.

BREATHE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: we b. the air *vāyuṃ gṛhṇīmaḥ (grah, c. 9.): n. b. pibati (, c. l.) is used, but not in the exact sense.
     II To exhale: udgirati (ga, c. 6.). b. ing the smell of parimalodgāribhiḥ, Me. i. 26.
     III To express, manifest: q. v.
     IV To whisper.

BREATHE IN or INTO: v. To infuse. B. life into: jīvaṃ saṃcārayati (c. of car) P.

BREATHE OUT:
     1 udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.);
     2 udvamati (vam, c. l.).

BREATHING (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śvāsaḥ;
     2 śvāsanam.
     II Inspiration: q. v.
     III Aspiration: q. v.
     IV In gram.: Ph. rough b. mahāprāṇacihnam; soft b. abhiniṣṭānacihnam.

BREATHING HOLE: gavākṣam: v. Vent.

BAEATHING-TIME: Ph. give me b. śvasitumavakāśa dehi: v. Pause, respite.

BREATHLESS:
     I Out of breath: v. Breath.
     II Lifeless: q. v.: nirucchvāsaḥ (sā saṃ).

BRED: v. To breed, well-b.: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ). Ill-b.: durvinītaḥ (tā taṃ).

BREECH:
     1 kaṭideśaḥ
     2 nitambaḥ. B. of a gun: *paścādbhāgaḥ.

BREECHES: jaṅghāvāraḥ. Sometimes = Trousers: q. v.

BREED (v. t.):
     I To beget (Lit and Fig): q. v.: janayati (c. of jan).
     II To bring up:
     1 puṣṇāti or puṣyati (puṣ, c. 9. and 4.):
     2 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).
     III To educate, instruct: q. v.

BREED (v. i.):
     I To conceive:
     1 garmaṃ dhārayati or dharati (dhṛ, c. 10. and 1.),
     2 garbhavatī or garbhiṇī bhavati (bhū, c. l.).
     II To be produced: jāyate (jan, c. 4.): v. To produce.

BREED (subs.):
     I Race, kind: jātiḥ, a cock of the Balākā b. balākājātistāmracūḍaḥ, D. v. Of a good b.: uttamajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Progeny, offspring: q. v.

BREEDER:
     I The female that produces:
     1 janayitrī;
     2 jananī;
     3 prasūtiḥ;
     4 utpādikā.
     II A b. of animals:
     1 poṣakaḥ;
     2 poṣṭṭa (m.).

BREEDING (subs.):
     I Nurture, education, instruction: q. v.
     II Manners, deportment: q. v.: Ph. good b. vinayaḥ of good b. vinītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Politeness.

BREEZE:
     1 mandānilaḥ;
     2 mṛdupavanaḥ;
     3 samīraṇaḥ v. Wind, Ph.: the b. is blowing mandaṃ mandaṃ vahati pavanaḥ morning b. vibhātavāyuḥ R.

BREEZY: supravātaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Windy.

BREVIARY:
     I An epitome: q. v.
     II of prayers: *stotrasaṃgrahaḥ.

BREVITY: saṃkṣepaḥ: v. Conciseness, shortness.

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BREW (v. t.):
     I To make beer: pacati (pac, c. l.) (?).
     II To mix: q. v.
     III To. contrive, plot, hakS: q. v.

BREW (v. i.): yavasuraṃ pacati (pac, c. l.) (?).

BREWER: *yavasurapācakaḥ.

BREWHOUSE or BREWERY: *yavasurapācakasthalī; yavasurapākaśālā.

BREWING (subs.): *yavasurapākaḥ.

BRIAR: v. Brier.

BRIBE (subs.): utkocaḥ, taking b. s even from the ministers sacivamaṇḍalādapyutkocagrāhī, D.; not corruptible by b. etc. dhanadānādinābhedyaḥ, K. b. one who receives b.
     1 utkocakaḥ (rare);
     2 utkocagrāhakaḥ.

BRIBE (v. t.): utkocaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) Ph. the judge has been b. d utkocadānena vaśīkṛto vicārakaḥ.

BRIBER: utkocadātā (=one who gives bribe).

BRIBERY:
     1 utkocadānam (giving bribe):
     2 utkocagrahaṇam (taking b.).

BRICK (subs.): iṣṭakā, baked b. pakveṣṭakā; unbaked b. ābheṣṭakā, Mr. A b. house iṣṭakāgṛham; a pile of b. s iṣṭakārāśiḥ.

BRICKBAT:
     1 iṣṭakākhaṇḍam (?);
     2 iṣṭakāśakalam (?).

BRICK-KILN: iṣṭakāpākaḥ (?): v. Kiln.

BRICKLAYER:
     1 lepakaḥ;
     2 palagaṇḍaḥ: v. Mason.

BRICKMAKER:
     1 iṣṭakāpācakaḥ (?);
     2 iṣṭakākāraḥ (?).

BRICK-WORK: iṣṭakābhirnirmitaḥ (tā taṃ); these are b. s etānīṣṭakābhirnirmitāni.

BRIDAL (subs.): vivāhotsavaḥ: v. Marriage.

BRIDAL (adj.): vaivāhikaḥ (kī kaṃ). B. procession (of the bridegroom) varayātrā N. xvi. 4.; b. string kautukam; b. chamber kautukāgāram. Ku.

BRIDE:
     1 vadhūḥ; the b. and the bridegroom vadhūvaram, Ku. vii. 78.;
     2 navavadhaḥ;
     3 navoḍhā (=just married);
     4 āsannapāṇigrahaṇā (=about to marry). A young b.:
     1 kanyā;
     2 kumārī, R. vii. 22. A b. who chooses her own husband: svayaṃvarā.

BRIDEGROOM: varaḥ.

BRIDE-MAID: janyā.

BRIDESMAN: janyaḥ; varasya vadhvāśca sahacaraḥ.

BRIDEWELL: kārāgāram: v. Prison.

BRIDGE (subs.):
     1 setuḥ, stone b. pāpāṇasetuḥ, Raj.; to make a b. setuṃ badhnāti R. or karoti, Mah. or nirmāti, Vi, or vidadhāti, Ma. n. (with loc. or gen. and upari);
     2 saṅkramaḥ (=foot -b.);
     3 saṃvaraḥ (rare). B. of the nose nāsāvaṃśaḥ.

BRIDGE (v. t.): setunā badhnāti ni-, (bandh, c. 9.), Mah.; b. d the Padmā, with boats: naubhiḥ padmāṃ babandha.

BRIDLE (subs.):
     I Lit.: valgā: v. Bit, reins.
     II Fig.: v. Restraint, check.

BRIDLE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: Perh. valgitaḥ (tā taṃ) karoti v. To bit, rein.
     II Fig.: To restrain, check: q. v.: niyantrayati (yantr, c. 10.).

BRIEF (adj.):
     I Compressed, terse: v.: saṃkṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ). To be b. (when=b. ly): kiṃ bahunā.
     II Lasting but little time: kṣaṇikaḥ (kā kaṃ), b. enjoyment kṣaṇikā prītiḥ H.;
     2 acirasthāyin (f. ): v. Temporary.
     III Short: q. v.

BRIEF (subs.):
     I An epitome: q. v.
     II A dispakS: q. v.
     III An abridgment of a client's case: *vivādatattvam.

BRIEFLESS: Ph. he is a b. barrister *taṃ vyavahārapaṇḍitaṃ kāryopadeśārthamarthipratyarthino nāśrayante; vivādatatrvahīno vyavahārapaṇḍitaḥ.

BRIEFLY:
     1 saṃkṣepeṇa;
     2 saṃkṣepataḥ;
     3 samāsataḥ.

BRIEFNESS: v. Brevity.

BRIER or BRIAR: kaṇṭakigulmaviśeṣaḥ; also = kaṇṭakigulmaḥ.

BRIG: sāmudrapotabhedaḥ.

BRIGADE: *pṛtanā.

BRIGADIER, BRIGADIER-GENERAL: *pṛtanāpatiḥ.

BRIGAND:
     1 paripanthī;
     2 dasyuḥ: v. Robber.

BRIGANDAGE: dasyutā: v. Robbery, plunder.

BRIGANTINE: Perh. vahitram, D. vi.

BRIGHT:
     I Shining, lustrous:
     1 ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bhāsuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 dīpraḥ (prā praṃ);
     4 dyotanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     5 rociṣṇu (mfn.).
     II Clear, transparent: q. v.: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Sparkling with wit, clever: Perh. ujjvala (lā laṃ).

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BRIGHTEN (v. t.):
     I Lit.: To make bright:
     1 dyotayati ut- pra-, (c. of dyut);
     2 ujjvalayati (c. of jval);
     3 udbhāsayati (c. of bhās);
     4 dīpayati (c. of dīp), b. ing the skies with its rays dīpayannatha nabhaḥ kiraṇaughaiḥ, Ki., ix. 23.
     II Fig.:
     1 ujjvalayati;
     2 udbhāsayati.
     III To improve: q. v.

BRIGHTEN (v. i.): i. e. to be or become bright: expr. by the adj. s under bright. Ph. the sky did not quite b. na prasādamucitaṃ gamitā dyauḥ, Ki. ix. 25.

BRIGHTLY:
     1 ujjvalam;
     2 vimalam (=clearly).

BRIGHTNESS:
     I Splendour, brilliancy:
     1 prabhā;
     2 tejas;
     3 dyutiḥ;
     4 aujjvalyam.
     II Acuteness, sharpness: q. v.: Perh. aujjvalyam.

BRILL: sukhādyamatsyaviśeṣaḥ

BRILLIANCY:
     1 prabhā;
     2 ujjvalatā;
     3 dīptiḥ;
     4 rociṣṇutā;
     5 bhrājathuḥ.

BRILLIANT:
     1 mahojjvalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 pradyotanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 bhāsuraḥ (rā raṃ); rociṣṇu (mfn.);
     5 bhrājiṣṇu (mfn.);
     6 pradīptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

BRILLIANTLY: expr. by circumlo: v. Brilliant.

BRIM:
     I Rim, border: q. v.: prāntaḥ.
     II Of any vessel: mukham, to the b. āmukham.

BRIMFUL: paripūrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) or ekāntaṃ pūrṇaṃ (rṇā rṇaṃ), "B. of glory" tejomayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

BRIMSTONE: gandhakaḥ: v. Sulphur.

BRINDED, BRINDLED:
     1 śavalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 karbū (rbu) raḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 kirmīraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 citraḥ (trā traṃ).

BRINE:
     I Water saturated with salt:
     1 lavaṇodam;
     2 lavaṇajalam.
     II The ocean:
     1 lavaṇodaḥ;
     2 lavaṇodadhiḥ;
     3 lavaṇāmburāśiḥ;
     4 lavaṇābdhiḥ.
     III Tears: q. v.

BRING:
     I To fekS or cause to come:
     1 ānayati (, c. l.), b. my darling here dayitamihānaya, Ki. x. 47.;
     2 āharati upa-, (hṛ, c. 1.), b. two dishes ubhe śarāve cāhara, D. vi. Ph. winter b. s cold hemantena saha śītamāgacchati.
     II To cause the obtaining of:
     1 by verbs of motion or verbs signifying to obtain and the ins. or abl. of the cause: poverty b. s shame dāridryāddhriyameti, Mr. i.; disgrace b. s despondency paribhavānnirvedamāpadyate, Mr. i.;
     2 dadāti (=to give: q. v.);
     3 vikarṣati (kṛṣ, c. l.), b. s fortune śriyaṃ vikarṣati, Ki. iii. 7.
     III To induce, prevail on: q. v. Ph.: to b. an action abhiyogaṃ karoti (?): b. to an end samāpayati (c. of āp); b. to pass: v. Bring about.

BRING ABOUT: ghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ): v. To effect, accomplish.

BRING BACK:
     1 pratyānayati (, c. l.), will b. the fortune of victory jayaśriyaṃ pratyāneṣyati, Ku. ii. 52.;
     2 pratyāharati (hṛ, c. l.), M. n.

BRING DOWN:
     I Lit.:
     1 ānayati, brought them down to the earth kṣitimāninyuḥ, Ki. vii. 19.;
     2 avatārayati (c. of tṝ) (=cause to descend) V. i.
     II To humble, abuse: q. v.

BRING FORTH:
     I To beget: q. v.: sūte pra-, (, c. l.), Sumitrā brought f. twins sumitrā suṣuve yamau, R. x. 71.
     II To yield: q. v.: sūte, the aśoka tree at once brought f. flowers asūta sadyaḥ kusumānyaśokaḥ, Ku. iii. 26.
     III To b. forward: q. v.

BRING FORWARD:
     1 ānayati;
     2 upanyasyati (as, c. 4.);
     3 udāharati (hṛ, c. l.), arguments have been forcibly brought f. upapattirudāhṛtā balāt, Ki. ii. 28.

BRING IN:
     I To admit: q. v.
     II To yield, produce: q. v.
     III To collect: q. v.

BRING OFF:
     1 apanayati (, c. l.);
     2 apaharati (hṛ, c. l.), Ve. iv.

BRING ON: āvahati (vah, c. l.): v. To produce.

BRING OUT: bahiṣkaroti, b. ing his son out tatputraṃ bahiṣkṛtya, H. ii.: v. To publish, expose, or detect.

BRING OVER:
     I To bear across: ānayati (with double acc.), I brought him over to London *tamahaṃ laṇḍanamānītavān.
     II To draw to a new party or opinion: Ph. b. ing the Brahmins over by gold dvijān svīkṛtya svarṇena, Raj.

BRING TO: v. To resuscitate. Ph. I have brought troubles to my husband kleśāvahā bhartuḥ, R. xiv. 5.

BRING TOGETHER:
     1 samānayati (, c. l.);
     2 samāharati (hṛ, c. l.): v. To collect, assemble.

BRING UNDER:
     1 namayati (c. of nam), R. xiii. 9.;
     2 āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.), D. ii. To b. one's power vaśaṃ nayati or ānayatiḥ v. To subdue.

BRING UP:
     I Lit.:
     1 ānayati;
     2 upānayati;
     3 āharati.
     II To train up, rear: q. v.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh), (the child) was brought up by Vinayavati avardhata vinayavatyā, D. iv.

BRINK: v. Edge, margin.

BRINY: lāvaṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ): v. Salty.

BRISK: capalaḥ (lā laṃ) (of movements, etc.);
     2 caturaḥ (rā raṃ) (=clever, sharp): v. Lively.

BRISKET: Ph. b. of beef *govakṣomāṃsam; b. of mutton meṣavakṣomāṃsam.

BRISKLY: tvaritam (=quickly): v. Vigorously.

BRISKNESS: v. Vivacity, quickness.

BRISTLE (subs.): saṭā, Ki. viii. 2.

BRISTLE (v. t.): Ph. b. ing of the hairs baddhasaṭonnatiḥ, Ki. xiii. 2. or udbhṛ tasaṭāḥ (m. pl.), R. ix. 60.

BRISTLE (v. i.):
     1 stabdhaḥ (bdhā bdhaṃ) or unnataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati;
     2 hṛṣyati (hṛṣ, c. 4.) or pulakitaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati (only of man in joy).

BRISTLY: kaṇṭakitaḥ (tā taṃ), their skins b. with joy prītikaṇṭakitatvacaḥ, Ku. vi. 15.

BRITTLE:
     1 bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 subhaṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ);
     3 bhaṅgabhāj (mfn.) (rare).

BRITTLENESS:
     1 bhaṅguratā;
     2 subhaṅgatā.

BROACH (subs.): v. Spit; v. Also, brooch.

BROACH (v. t.):
     I To spit: q. v.: śūlākaroti.
     II To tap, pierce: q. v.
     III To put forth, publish first: q. v.: pracārayati (c. of car).

BROAD:
     I Wide (in measurement): q. v.:
     1 vistṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 expr. by a comp. with the words given under breadth (I) or by adj. formed with any of those words and the affix vat: seven cubits long and one cubit b. saptahastadīrghā ekahastavistārāḥ: Ph.: a b. road suvistāravānmārgaḥ (?) (not viśālamārgaḥ): one who has a b. chest viśālavakṣas (mfn.), R.; a breast beautiful and b. as the leaf of a door kapāṭavistīrṇamanoramoraḥ, Si. iii. 13.
     II Extensive, vast: q. v.: vistīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ). Ph.: b. jokes grāmyaparihāsāḥ (m. pl.); b. nonsense *spaṣṭanirarthakabhāṣitam; thefts are not rare here even in b. daylight *dedīpyamāne sūryo'pyatra cauryāṇi na viralāni; it is as b. as long, i. e. (it makes no difference) atra ko viśeṣaḥ.

BROAD CLOTH: *banātaḥ.

BROADLY: v. Widely. Ph. b. these are the species ityetā jātayaḥ sthaulyāt, Śr.

BROADSIDE: to fire a b. raṇapotasyaikapārśvasthāṃ bandukaśreṇiṃ samaṃ visarjayati.

BROADSWORD: khaṅgaviśeṣaḥ.

BROCADE: kārmikavastram (?).

BROCKET: dvivarṣīṇo hariṇaḥ.

BROCOLI: śākabhedaḥ; phullakabisadṛśaḥ kabibhedaḥ.

BROGUE: pādukāviśeṣaḥ.

BROIL (subs.): kalahaḥ: v. Quarrel.

BROIL (v. t.):
     1 aṅgāre pacati, Bha.;
     2 bharjayati (c. of bhṛj) (upon a gridiron): v. To fry.

BROIL (v. i.): bhṛjjati -te (bhrajj, c. 6.).

BROKEN: v. Break. Ph. b. number bhagnāṃśaḥ; b. - winded alpaśvāsaḥ (sā saṃ); b.-hearted bhagnāśaḥ (śā śaṃ) or bhagnamānasaḥ (sā saṃ), Mah.

BROKER: *dallālaḥ.

BROKERAGE: *dallāliḥ.

BROMINE: *pūyam; bromiṇam.

BRONZE: Perh. āram (comp. Lat. aes, aeris.) or ārakūṭam: v. Brass.

BROOCH: *vakṣobhūṣaṇam.

BROOD (v. i.): sevate (sev, c. l.) (?) (used in this sense in Hindi), b. ing on eggs aṇḍāni sevamānaḥ (nā naṃ) (?)

BROOD OVER or ON: dhyāyati (dhyai, c. l.) (with acc.): v. Contemplate.

BROOD (subs.):
     I Offspring, progeny: q. v.
     II A hakS: q. v.

BROOD (adj.): Ph. b. mare bālaprasavārthaṃ rakṣitā ghoṭakī.

BROODING (subs.): Ph. b. on eggs aṇḍasevā (?).

BROOK (subs.):
     1 sarit or kusarit;
     2 kṣudranadī.

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BROOK (v. t.): marṣayati (mṛṣ, c. 10.): v. To endure.

BROOM:
     I A brush:
     1 sammārjanī;
     2 śodhanī.
     II A shrub: latāviśeṣaḥ.

BROOMSTICK: sammārjanīdaṇḍaḥ (?).

BROTH:
     1 māṃsarasaḥ (of meat), Śr.;
     2 yūṣaḥ (of dal).

BROTHEL:
     1 veśyālayaḥ;
     2 veśyāgṛham;
     3 veśaḥ;
     4 veśyājanasamāśrayaḥ.

BROTHER:
     1 bhrātā (a full or a step-b. and also used fig. like the English word);
     2 sahodaraḥ or sodaraḥ or sodaryaḥ or sagarbhaḥ (=a full b.); elder b.: agrajaḥ; younger b. anujaḥ.

BROTHERHOOD:
     I The state of being a brother: bhrātṛtvam. Proper b. saubhrātram R. xvi. I. II. An association of men: v. Fraternity, society.

BROTHER-IN-LAW: () śyālaḥ (=wife's brother);
     2 devaraḥ (=husband's younger brother);
     3 bhrātṛśvaśuraḥ (=husband's elder brother);
     4 bhaginīpatiḥ (sister's husband).

BROTHERLY (adj.):
     I Pertaining to brothers:
     1 bhrātrīyaḥ (yā yaṃ),
     2 comp. with bhrātṛ, etc.
     II Becoming brothers:
     1 bhrātṛsannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 bhrātṛrūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

BROTHERLY (adv.):
     1 bhrātṛvat;
     2 bhrātṛsannibham.

BROW (subs.):
     I The eye b.:
     1 bhrūḥ, to knit the b. s bhrūkuṭiṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or bhrūbhaṅgaṃ karoti;
     2 bhrūlatā.
     II The forehead: q. v.: lalāṭam.
     III Edge of a steep place: v. Edge, precipice.

BROWBEAT: bhrūkuṭiṃ badhvā or bhrūbhaṅgaṃ kṛtvā bhīṣayate (c. of bhī): Ph. b. ing me mayyeva bhrūkuṭīdharaḥ saṃvṛttaḥ Vi.: v. To terrify.

BROWN (adj.):
     1 kapiśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 śyāvaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     3 piśaṅgaḥ (ṅgī ṅgaṃ);
     4 piṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Tawny, dark.

BROWN (v. t.)
     I To make brown: kapiśayati (nomi.).
     II To brown (meat) in cooking: āraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) karoti (?).

BROWSE (v. t.):
     1 atti (ad, c. 2.):
     2 bhakṣati (bhakṣa, c. l.): v. To eat.

BROWSE (v. i.): carati (car, c. l.). B. on= browse (v. t.): q. v.

BROWSE (subs.):
     1 kisalayam;
     2 pallavam;
     3 navapallavam.

BRUISE (subs.): ghṛṣṭam, Ni.; kṣatam (=hurt).

BRUISE (v. i.):
     I To injure: q. v.
     II To crush: q. v.
     III To box: q. v.

BRUIT:
     I Subs.: v. Report, rumour.
     II Verb: v. To report, rumour.

BRUNETTE:
     1 śyāmā;
     2 śyāmāṅgī.

BRUSH (subs.):
     I Clothes -b.: *vastraśodhanī.
     II Shoe -b. *pādukāsammārjanī.
     III Painter's b.:
     1 tūlī -likā;
     2 īṣikā;
     3 śalākā;
     4 kūrccaḥ;
     5 vartikā.
     IV The brushy tail of a fox: bāladhiḥ.

BRUSH (vt.):
     I To take the dirt of:
     1 mārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 2.);
     2 śodhayati (c. of śudh)
     II To touch gently: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. l.).
     III To b. off or away: niṣkāsayati (c. of kas): v. To remove.
     IV To b. up: v. To furnish.

BRUSHWOOD:
     1 śākhāgrāṇi (n. pl.) (?);
     2 indhanam (=fuel).

BRUSHY: v. Bushy, shaggy.

BRUTAL:
     1 nṛśaṃsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 krūraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cruel, savage.

BRUTALITY:
     1 nṛśaṃsatā
     2 krauryam: v. Cruelty, inhumanity.

BRUTALIZE:
     1 nṛśaṃsīkaroti;
     2 krūrīkaroti.

BRUTALLY:
     1 nṛśaṃsam;
     2 krūram;
     3 paśuvat.

BRUTE (subs.):
     I A beast: q. v.: paśuḥ
     II A brutal man:
     1 paśuḥ;
     2 piśācaḥ (=fiend). Ph. human b. nṛpaśuḥ; puruṣapaśuḥ, etc.

BRUTE (adj.):
     I Irrational: q. v.
     II Uncivilised: q. v. Ph. by mere b. force *kevalaṃ paśusādhāraṇena balena.

BRUTISH, BRUTISHLY: v. Brutal, brutally.

BRYONY: A plant: piluparṇī.

BUBBLE (subs.):
     I Of water:
     1 buddhu daḥ;
     2 ḍimbikā Wilson.
     II Fig.: Ph. man is a b. budvudanibho manuṣya:
     III A delusive scheme: budvudaḥ (?).

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BUBBLE (v. i.): budvudāyate (nomi.). B. ing: udvudvudaḥ (dā daṃ).

BUBBLE (v. t.): v. To deceive. B. r.: v. Deceiver.

BUCCANEER: v. Pirate.

BUCK:
     1 mṛgaḥ (of deer);
     2 ajaḥ (of goats);
     3 śaśakaḥ (of hare).

BUCKET:
     I For drawing up water:
     1 araghaṭṭaḥ;
     2 udghāṭanam;
     3 udañcanam, D. vi.;
     4 ghaṭīyantram.
     II For carrying water:
     1 droṇī;
     2 secanī.

BUCKLE (subs.): bandhaviśeṣaḥ; *gaṇḍakaḥ.

BUCKLE (v.): *gaṇḍakitaḥ; (tā taṃ) karoti. B. to: v. To apply.

BUCKLER: phalakaḥ: v. Shield.

BUCKRAM: sthūlapaṭṭaviśeṣaḥ.

BUCKSKIN:
     1 mṛgacarman (n.);
     2 hariṇājinam.

BUCKTHORN: raṅgapradāyī vṛkṣajātibhedaḥ.

BUCKWHEAT: śasyabhedaḥ.

BUCOLICS: gopādiviṣayakaṃ kāvyam.

BUD (subs.)
     I An undeveloped flower:
     1 koraka (mn.);
     2 kaliḥ -kā;
     3 mukula (mn.) (=half-open b.);
     4 kuḍma (dma) laḥ;
     5 jālam -kam;
     6 koṣaḥ or kośaḥ.
     II An undeveloped branch, etc.:
     1 aṅkuraḥ;
     2 prarohaḥ.

BUD (v. i): Ph. although the mangoes have b. ded late. cūtānāṃ ciranirgatāpi kalikā, Sa. vi. Expr. similarly by the verbs: udgacchati (gam, c. l.), udbhinatti (bhid, c. 7.), udeti (i, c. 2.), etc.

BUD (v. t.): *aṅkuraṃ niveśayati (c. of viś) (with loc.).

BUDGE: v. To move, stir.

BUDGET:
     I A bag, stock, store: q. v.
     II Of revenuc: *āgābhivarṣasya rājasvasya vibhāvitāyavyayagaṇanā.

BUFF (subs.): mahiṣādeḥ pariṣkṛtacarmaḥ: v. Leather.

BUFF (adj.):
     I Made of b.: *pariṣkṛtacarmamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Light yellow: āpītaḥ (tā taṃ).

BUFFALO:
     1 mahiṣaḥ;
     2 sairibhaḥ (rare). A sheb.: mahiṣī. B. -horn: gavalam. B. -milk: māhiṣaṃ dugdham, Bha.

BUFFET (subs.):
     I A side-board: q. v.
     II A blow: q. v. muṣṭyāghātaḥ.

BUFFET (v. t.):
     I Lit.: muṣṭinā or capeṭena hanti (han, c. 2.) or praharati (hṛ, c. l.).
     II To contend with: q. v.

BUFFOON:
     1 bhaṇḍaḥ;
     2 vaihāsikaḥ;
     3 vidūṣakaḥ

BUFFOONERY: bhāṇḍam.

BUG:
     1 matkuṇaḥ;
     2 yūkaḥ (f. ), P. i. 9.;
     3 kiṭibhaḥ.

BUGBEAR:
     1 bhūtaḥ (ghost);
     2 trāsajananaḥ (nī naṃ) (=terrific), he was a b. to the station sa purasya trāsajanana āsīt.

BUGLE:
     1 kāhalaḥ -lā (a kind of horn);
     2 peraḥ (another kind), B.

BUILD:
     1 nir-mimīte (, c. 3.), built the city of Mathurā on the banks of the Yamunā upakūlaṃ sa kālindyā nirmame mathurāṃ purīm, R. xv. 28.;
     2 vidadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), where (Kuvera) built the city... vyadhatta yasmin puram, Ki. v. 35.: v. To make.

BUILD UPON: avalambya or āśritya sṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.) or nirmimīte (?).

BUILDER:
     1 nirmātā;
     2 vidhātā (rare);
     3 kartā (maker: q. v.).

BUILDING (subs.):
     I The act of b.:
     1 nirmāṇam;
     2 nirmitiḥ (rare);
     3 vidhānam (rare).
     II A structure:
     1 bhavanam;
     2 gṛham: v. Edifice, house.

BULB: No exact equiv.: kanda (mn.) may be used.

BULBOUS: Ph. b. root kanda (mn.) (?).

BULGE (subs.): v. Protuberance.

BULGE OUT: pralambate (labhm, c. l.): v. To swell out.

BULK:
     I Dimension: q. v. Ph.: Of great b. sthūlakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (of animals) or mahā or bṛhatpramāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), Ku.
     II The majority, the principal portion. Ph.: the b. of the people bahutaralokāḥ.
     III A projecting part of a building: alindaḥ (?).

BULK-HEAD: A partition in a ship: v. t. Partition.

BULKY:
     1 bṛhat (f. );
     2 sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ); v. Big, large.

BULL:
     I The animal:
     1 vṛṣaḥ;
     2 vṛṣabhaḥ
     3 ṛṣabhaḥ;
     4 balīvardaḥ,
     5 ukṣan (m.);
     6 kakudmat (m.) (=the humped b.);
     7 puṅgavaḥ;
     8 anaḍuh (m.).
     II The constellation:
     1 vṛṣaḥ;
     2 vṛṣarāśiḥ.
     III An edict of the Pope: (*popasya) ādeśaḥ.
     IV An absurd blunder:
     1 pramādaḥ;
     2 skhalitam.

BULL-BAITING: kukkurairvṛṣabhātrāsanam.

BULL-DOG: bṛhanmukhaḥ kukkurabhedaḥ; *vṛṣakukkuraḥ.

BULL'S EYE:
     I A window: gavākṣaḥ.
     II A centre of a target: lakṣyam.
     III A police man's lantern: pradīpabhedaḥ.

BULLET: gulikā.

BULLETIN:
     1 ghoṣaṇā;
     2 rājājñayā pracārito rājasvāsthyādiviṣayakaḥ samācāraḥ.

BULL-FINCH: pakṣiprabhedaḥ.

BULLION:
     1 kośaḥ;
     2 hiraṇyam (gen. = gold);
     3 rajatam (gen. = silver).

BULLOCK:
     1 balīvardaḥ;
     2 vṛṣaḥ: v. Bull.

BULLY (subs.):
     1 piṇḍīśūraḥ (?);
     2 tarjanapaṭuḥ (?).

BULLY (v. t.):
     1 tarjayati (tarj, c. 10.) (=threaten);
     2 udvejayati (c. of vij) (=to frighten).

BULRUSH: jalajatṛṇaprabhedaḥ; nalabhedaḥ (?).

BULWARK:
     I A rampart:
     1 vapraḥ;
     2 prākāraḥ.
     II Fig.: Any means of defence;
     1 saṃśrayaḥ;
     2 āśrayaḥ;
     3 śaraṇam;
     4 ālambaḥ.

BUMP (v. t.): v. To knock, thump.

BUMP (subs.):
     I A swelling: q. v. gaṇḍaḥ (?).
     II A thump: q. v.

BUMPER: caṣakam, "fill the b. s to the brim" *āmukhaṃ caṣakāṇi pūryata.

BUMPKIN: grāmikaḥ: v. Rustic.

BUN: piṣṭakaḥ: v. Cake.

BUNCH: A protuberance, hunch: q. v.
     II Of fruit: gucchaḥ.
     III A bundle: q. v.: a b. of keys: *tālīgucchaḥ.

BUNDLE (subs.):
     1 kūrcaḥ (as of grass);
     2 gucchaḥ (?);
     3 poṭṭalī (of clothes).

BUNDLE OFF (v.):
     I Trans: prasthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II Intrans.: pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l.).

BUNG (subs.): no equiv.: *mukhapidhānam.

BUNG (v.): v. To stop, close.

BUNG-HOLE: *mukham; madyabhāṇḍamukham: v. Hole.

BUNGLE (subs.):
     1 pramādaḥ;
     2 skhalitam: v. Blunder.

BUNGLE (v.):
     I Intrans: v. To blunder.
     II Trans: v. To spoil, mar.

BUNGLING (adj.): v. Unskilful, awkward, clumsy.

BUNGLINGLY: v. Unskilfully, clumsily.

BUNTING:
     I A bird: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.
     II Stuff for flags: dhvajanirmāṇopayogī paṭaviśepaḥ.

BUOY (subs.): nāvikebhyaḥ saṅkaṭasthalapradarśakaṃ jalopari plavamānaṃ cihram; *plavaḥ.

BUOY UP (v. t.):
     I To keep afloat:
     1 plāvayati (c. of plu) (?);
     2 unmajjayati (c. of. masj) (?).
     II To support or sustain: q. v.

BUOY UP (v. i.): Ph. merit will b. at last *na khalu guṇāḥ pracchannāstiṣṭhanti.

BUOYANCY:
     I Lit.:
     1 plavanaśīlatā (?);
     2 laghutā (=lightness).
     II Fig.: Cheerfulness, vivacity: q. v.: ullāsaḥ.

BUOYANT:
     I Lit.:
     1 plavanaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?);
     2 laghu (mfn.) (=light).
     II Fig.: Cheerful vivacious: q. v.

BURBOT: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

BURDEN (v. t.):
     I Lit.: v. To load:
     II Fig.: To oppress: q. v.: pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).

BURDEN (subs.):
     I Load:
     1 bhāraḥ, b. of state rājyabhāraḥ, K.; what b. is great to the able ko'tibhāraḥ samarthānām, H. iii.;
     2 dhur (f.), a beast of b. dhuryaḥ or dhuroṇaḥ;
     3 bharaḥ, all b. placed on a worthy minister yogyasacive nyastaḥ samasto bhāraḥ. Ra. i. Ph. the b. of proof: pramāṇabhāraḥ.
     II Taxes, pecuniary imposts: q. v.: unable to bear the b. s karabhārāsahāḥ, V. p.
     III The capacity of a ship: Ph. a boat of 100 maunds b. *śatamaṇavāhinī nauḥ. IV. B. of a song:
     1 dhruvakam;
     2 anupadam.

BURDENSOME:
     1 durvahaḥ or durudvahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 durbharaḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 atibhārikaḥ (kā. kaṃ) (Lit. and Fig.) Mu. vi.;
     4 duḥsahaḥ (hā haṃ) (Fig.).

BURDOCK: gulmabhedaḥ.

BUREAU:
     I A desk: q. v.
     II A department: vibhāgaḥ (?).

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BURGESS:
     I A burgher: q. v.
     II A representative of a borough in Parliament: *nagarapratinidhiḥ or simp. pratinidhiḥ (when the sense is clear).

BURGHER:
     1 *nāgaraḥ;
     2 pauraḥ (=citizen).

BURGLAR:
     1 sandhicauraḥ or sandhihārakaḥ (a b. who enters by making a hole under the walls of a house);
     2 kuḍyacchedin (m.) (by making a passage through a wall);
     3 kapāṭaghnaḥ (by breaking or opening a door):
     4 khanikaḥ or khānilaḥ (rare) (=sandhicauraḥ);
     5 kujambha (mbhi) laḥ (rare).

BURGLARIOUS: Ph. b. entry *jihīrṣayā or cucorayiṣayā paragṛhapraveśaḥ.

BURGLARY: rātrau cauryādyanyāyyakarmacikīrṣayā sandhiṃ kṛtvā kuḍyaṃ vā chitvānyena vā prakāreṇa paragṛhapraveśaḥ.

BURIAL: nidhānam. B. ground: *nidhānasthalī.

BURIN: An engraver's tool: takṣaṇī (?).

BURLESQUE (adj.): hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ) or hāsyajanakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

BURLESQUE (subs.): hāsyakaraprabandhaḥ.

BURLESQUE (v. t.): Ph. to b. my gait *upahāsārthaṃ mama gatim anukaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To imitate.

BURLY: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Stout.

BURN (v. t.):
     1 dahati (dah, c. l.), I am b. ing Lankā in your presence tava pratyakṣaṃ laṅkā mayā dahyate, Ma. n. v.; but (it) is b. ing me māṃ punardahatyeva, Sa. iii.; b. t rice dagdhānnam, b. t wood dagdhakāṣṭham; half b. t dagdhādagdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ), D.;
     2 ploṣati (pluṣ, c. l.) (rare), half b. t ardhapluṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Vi. vi. 4;
     3 jvalayati (c. of jval) (to inflame), internal heat is b. ing my body jvalayati tanūmantardāhaḥ, U. iii.

BURN (v. i.):
     I To be on fire, to blaze: q. v. jvalati (jval, c. l.), the light is b. ing jvalati pradīpaḥ Mr. ii. To be inflamed with passion:
     1 dahyate (pass of dah), my heart b. ing from contumely mama parimavānaladahyamānaṃ cetaḥ, Ve. iii.;
     2 tapyate (pass. of tap), who is b. ing with grief yaḥ śokena tapyate, U. iv.;
     3 dīpyate (dīp, c. 4.) (of rage only), b. t with rage kruddho'dīpi, B. Ph. my limbs are b. ing jvalanti me'ṅgāni.

BURN DOWN, BURN OUT (v. t.): daiti: v. To burn up.

BURN OUT (v. i.): śāmyati (śam, c. 4.): v. To go out, to be extinguished.

BURN UP:
     1 nir-dahati (dah, c. l.), as if b. ing up with his fiery look nirdahanniva dahanagarbhayā dṛśā, D.;
     2 bhasmīkaroti (=reduce to ashes).

BURN (subs.): dāhajaṃ or dāhena janitaṃ kṣatam (hurt) or vraṇam (wound).

BURNER:
     1 dagdhā;
     2 dāhakaḥ B. (of a lamp): *dāhavardhanī.

BURNING (subs.):
     I Active: consuming with fire:
     1 dāhaḥ;
     2 dahanam;
     3 ploṣaḥ (rare).
     II Passive: being on fire: jvalanam (also of the b. of the face, etc.)

BURNING (adj.):
     I Active: expr. by a comp. with dāhaḥ b. power dāhataktiḥ; b. fever, dāhajvaraḥ.
     II Passive: jvalat (f. ntī): v. Burn (v. i.)
     III Scorching, hot: q. v. Ph. b. scent: ugragandhaḥ.

BURNING-GROUND:
     1 śmaśānam;
     2 śavasānam (rare).

BURNING GLASS: *dāhakakācaḥ.

BURNISH (v. t.):
     1 pramārjayati (mṛj, c. 10.);
     2 dhāvati (dhāv, c. l): v. To polish.

BURNISH (subs.): v. Glass, lustre.

BURNT-OFFERING:
     1 homaḥ (?);
     2 vaṣaṭkāraḥ (?);
     3 yāgaḥ (?): v. Sacrifice.

BURROW (subs.):
     1 vivaram;
     2 bilam;
     3 gartaḥ: v. Hole.

BURROW (v. i):
     I Excavate a hole: vivaraṃ or bilaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To live in it: vivara or bilaṃ kṛtvā nivasati (vas, c. l.). Any b. ing animal: bileśayaḥ.

BURSAR:
     I A treasurer: q. v.
     II The holden of a bursary: *vṛttibhuj (mfn.)

BURSARY:
     I A treasury: q. v.
     II A charitable foundation: *vṛttiḥ.

BURST (v. i.): sphuṭati (sphuṭ, c. 6.), my heart i b. ing sphuṭati hṛdayam, U. iii.;
     2 vidalati (dal c. l.) (=split), M. n.;
     3 viśīryate (pass of śṝ) (=to split), a b. ing rock viśīryabhānāśma. Ki. xvi. 51.;
     4 dīryate vi-, (pass. of dṝ (to rend), my heart b. mamādīryata hṛdayam, to b. into tears roditumārabhate (rabh, c. l.), K.; to b. with laughter or b. out laughing prahasitum ārabhate; to b. forth (Lit.): niṣkrāmati (kram, c. l.) or nirgacchati (gam, c. l.); to b. forth (=to break out): udbhinatti (bhid c. l.); tears b. forth aśrudhārā prāvartata (vṛt c. l.) or aśrūṇi niragacchan; to b. open: v. To break open. To b. upon: ākrāmati (=to attack).

BURST (v. t.):
     1 sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ);
     2 troṭayati (c. of truṭ).

BURST (subs.):
     I Lit.: sphoṭanam or sphuṭanam.
     II Fig.: expr. by verb.: there was a b. of applause udatiṣṭhan praśaṃsāvācaḥ; b. of thunder sphūrjathusphūrjitam, Vi.

BURY:
     I To inter a corpse:
     1 ni-khanati (khan, c. l.), b. d (him) in the ground vasudhāyāṃ nicachanatuḥ, R. xii. 30.;
     3 ni-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (=to place), bodies of mendicants should be b. d in holes bhikṣoḥ kalevaraṃ bile nidadhyāt, M. n.
     II To conceal: q. v.

BUSH:
     1 gulmaḥ;
     2 kṣupaḥ;
     3 chupaḥ;
     4 bhuṇṭaḥ;
     5 gahanam (=thicket). Ph. a bird in the hand is worth two in the b.: adhruvād dhruvaṃ varam (?) (see H. i.); you are beating the b. for nothing: nirarthakamidamāloḍayasi (?); hide yourself in the b. viṭapāntarito bhava, Sa. iii.

BUSHEL: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

BUSHY:
     I Full of bushes: gulmāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ): Thick like a bush:
     1 niviḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ);
     2 aviralaḥ (lā laṃ). Ph. b. tail: dīrdhabālabāladhiḥ.

BUSILY gāḍham (=deeply), engaged gāḍhaṃ vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ): Industriously.

BUSINESS:
     I Occupation, profession: q. v.:
     1 vyavasāyaḥ;
     2 karman (n.), Sa. v. Ph.: b. of a messenger dūtyam; b. of a barber nāpityam:
     II Mercantile transactions: vyavahāraḥ, P. III. Any affair, transaction:
     1 karman (n.), a man of b. karmaṭhaḥ;
     2 kāryam, a man of b. kāryajñaḥ: b. time kāryakālaḥ;
     3 vyāpāraḥ, this is your b. bhavatastāvadayaṃ vyāpāraḥ, H. iii.;
     4 niyogaḥ: v. Employment.
     III Right of acting: Ph. what b. has he to send for you *tvāmākārayituṃ tasya ko'dhikāraḥ.
     IV Concern: q. v.: Ph. what b. is it of yours, kinte prayojanamanena.

BUSKIN: pādukāviśeṣaḥ.

BUSS: cumbanam: v. Kiss.

BUST:
     I The trunk of body:
     1 śarīrapūrvabhāgaḥ;
     2 pūrvārdham. R. II. A statue representing the b.: pūrvārdhapratimā.

BUSTARD: bṛhatpakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

BUSTLE (subs.):
     1 sambhramaḥ;
     2 kṣobhaḥ (=agitation: q. v.).

BUSTLE (v. i): pradhāvati (dhāv, c. l.)(=to run): v. To be agitated.

BUSY (adj.): vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (=employed: only of persons): v. Active, industrious. Ph. to-day is a b. day adya bahūni kāryāṇi kartavyāni or draṣṭavyāni.

BUSY: (v.): v. To occupy, attend to, employ.

BUSYBODY: yaḥ parādhikāracarcāṃ karoti.

BUT (subs. and v.): v. Butt.

BUT:
     I Except: anyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ) (with abl.), this is the doing of none b. Aghoraghanta nādhoradhaṇṭādanyasya karmaitat..., Ma. v. Ph. his life was nothing else b. a tissue of atrocious deeds *bībhatsakarmasantatireva tasya jīvitamāsīt; b. for the king, which of your younger brothers would forgive rājā nacenniṣeddhā syāt kaḥ kṣameta tavānujaḥ, Ve. i.; all b. finished sampūrṇaprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ), in the last page b. one, *upāntyapṛṣṭhāyām; b. by going to London, *laṇḍanamagatvā.
     II Only: q. v.: Ph. b. for a moment kṣaṇamātram. R. III. Denoting contrast or opposition:
     1 tu (never at the beginning of a clause), deep anxiety grinds my heart, b. it does not burst into two parts dalati hṛdayaṃ gāḍhodvego dvidhā na tu bhidyate, U. iii.;
     2 tu is often ommitted, by sweet, b. false words madhurābhiranṛtavāgbhiḥ, Sa. v.; of what avail is (a servant) loyal, b. unwise and timid aprājñena ca kātareṇa ca guṇaḥ syāt sānurāgeṇa kaḥ, Mu. i.; internal heat is burning my body, b. does not reduce it to ashes jvalayati tanumantardāhaḥ karoti na bhasmasāt, U. iii.;
     3 kintu or parantu (at the beginning) your union is easy. B. the report is, she said... samāgamo vāmayatnasādhyaḥ kintu sā kila samagirat... D. ii.;
     4 punaḥ, it is like it, b. not the same sadṛśa eṣaḥ | na punaḥ saḥ, Mr. Ph. (a) b. also:
     1 api (indecl.): not only he who speaks ill of the great, b. also he who hears is a participator of the sin na kevalaṃ yo mahato'pabhāṣate śṛṇoti tasmādapiyaḥ sapāpabhāk, Ku. v. 83.;
     2 apitu (rare), U. ii.;
     3 kintu (rare), not only to bring, b. also to bend (the bow) na kevalamānayanāya kintvānamanāya, Pr.;
     4 b. yet tathāpi, surely this is so, b. yet seeing the action of some foolish men vāḍhamevaṃ tathāpi pravṛttānyupalabhya keṣāñcinmandamatīnām, S. IV. Equiv. to that... not: Ph. there is none b. fears him na ko'pi yastasmānna bibheti: there is not a day b. he comes to my house *naiko'pi divaso gacchati yadā sa mama gṛhaṃ nāgacchati.

BUTCHER (subs.):
     1 saunikaḥ or śaunikaḥ;
     2 māṃsikaḥ;
     3 māṃsavikrayī.

BUTCHER (v. t.):
     1 hanti (han, c. 2.): v. To slay, kill;
     2 viśasati (śas, c. l.);
     3 saṃjñapayati (c. of jñā):
     4 nirvapati (vap c. l.);
     5 nisūdayati (sūd, c. 10.).

BUTCHER'S BROOM: saunikamārjanī.

BUTCHERY
     1 vadhaḥ;
     2 viśasanam: v. Slaughter, massacre.

BUTLER: bhojanapātramadyādirakṣakaḥ sevakaḥ; *āsavapālaḥ.

BUTT (subs.):
     I An end, a limit: q. v.
     II Mark, target: q. v. lakṣyam.
     III An object of ridicule:
     1 upahāsāspadam;
     2 hāsyabhūmiḥ.
     IV A push or thrust with the head of an animal: śirasā tāḍanam. V. A cask or vessel:
     1 pātram;
     2 bhāṇḍam.
     VI A short piece of land at the end of a field: āliḥ.

BUTT (v.):
     I To adjoin, bound: q. v.
     II To strike with the head: śirasā tāḍayati or āhanti (han, c. 2.): Ph. two rams are b. ing meṣau yudhyāte (yudh, c. 4. = to fight).

BUTTER (subs.): navanītam, fresh b. sadyaskaṃ navanītam, Bha. clarified b.:
     1 ghṛtam,
     2 havisa (n.);
     3 sarpis (n.);
     4 ājyam;
     5 puroḍāśam.

BUTTER (v.) navanītena limpati: v. To besmear.

BUTTERCUP: pītapuṣpaprabhedaḥ.

BUTTERFLY:
     1 tintiliḥ (?);
     2 pippiliḥ (?).

BUTTER-MILK:
     1 takram;
     2 kālaśeyam;
     3 ariṣṭam
     4 daṇḍāhatam, A.

BUTTERY: v. Larder.

BUTTOCK:
     1 nitambaḥ
     2 kaṭiprothaḥ (rare);
     3 sphic (f.) (rare).

BUTTON (subs.) *butāmaḥ. B. hole *butāmacchidram.

BUTTON (v. t.) *butāmaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) or lagayati (c. of lag).

BUTTRESS: *ālambaḥ.

BUXOM: praphullavadanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Comely, gay.

BUY (v. t.):
     1 krīṇāti or krīṇīte (krī, c. 9.);
     2 avakrīṇīte (rare);
     3 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (=to receive) (to be used only when the sense is clear): at what price have you bought this book kiyatā mūlyenaiṣa pustako gṛhītaḥ, P. ii. 4.

BUY BACK or OFF: parikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.).

BUYER:
     1 kretṛ (f. trī);
     2 krayin (f. ṇī);
     3 krayikaḥ (kā kaṃ).

BUYING: krayaḥ. B. and selling krayavikrayaḥ.

BUZZ (v. i.):
     1 guñjati (guñj, c. l.), not a single bee that did nat b. in a sweet low tone na ṣaṭpado'sau na juguñja yaḥ kalam, B. ii. 19.;
     2 siḍkte (siñj, c. 2.), B. xxii. 27.;
     3 ghuṇaghuṇāyate (nomi.), Kar. v. To sound.

BUZZ, BUZZING (subs.):
     1 guñjitam;
     2 guñjanam;
     3 huṅkṭatam, K.

BUZZARD:
     I A bird: śyenabhedaḥ.
     II A blockhead: q. v.

BY (prep.):
     I Of place: (a) = near: q. v.: esp. by comp. with upa, b. the Ganges upagaṅgam: Ph. b. the side of (her) father pituḥ pārśve Ku.; (b)=past:
     1 atītya;
     2 atikramyaḥ Ph. flows b. the city of Oude vahatyayodhyāmanu rājadhānīm, R.; b. this road anena mārgeṇa; (c) =on: by the ins.: b. land and water sthalena jalena ca.
     II Of time: (a) not later than: Ph.: b. this time, the day was complete anena samayena pariṃṇato divasaḥ, K.; by the 1st of Vaisākha vaiśākhasya prathamadivasāt pūrvam (?); (b) of succession: Ph. day b. day anudinam; month b. month māse māse.
     III Of other relations: (a) of an agent after pass. verb: by the ins.: should be forgiven b. you bhavatā marṣa yitavyaḥ, Sa. iv.; Bali was asked land by Vamana vāmanena valiryayāce vasudhām, S. k.; (b) Of the instrument: by the ins.: b. fans made of lotus-leaves nalinīdalatālavṛntaiḥ, Sa. iii.; b. king's command rājājñayā; b. force prasahya; (c) Of the cause, means, made, etc.: gen. by the ins., sometimes by part. s: b. reading Shāstras śāstrāṇyadhītya; b. hook or b. crook yena kena prakāreṇa; b. name Sutikshna, of peaceful character nāmnā sutīkṣṇaścaritena dāntaḥ, R. xiii. 41.; b. heart kaṇṭhasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ), Bo.; b. nature prakṛtyā or svabhāvataḥ; b. stealth caurikayā; to sell b. weight tolayitvā vikrīṇīte (?); to sell b. the yard gajasaṃkhyayā vikrīṇīte (?); b. one's self ekakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Solitary; b. degrees kramaśaḥ; b. thousands sahasraśaḥ; b. crowds saṅghaśaḥ; one b. one ekaikaśaḥ; man b. man pratipuruṣam: v. Each; he is taller than I b. half a foot *sa matto'rdhapādoccaḥ; a poem by Kālidāsa kālidāsakṛtaṃ kāvyam; (d) In adjurations: Ph. b. God īśvaraṃ sākṣīkṛtya; I swear b. my sacerdotal thread śapāmi brahmasūtreṇa, Ra. ii.

BY (adv.):
     I Near: q. v.: nikaṭe.
     II Aside: v. Lay by, put by.

BY AND BY:
     1 acireṇa;
     2 kiñcit paścāt (=little after).

BY THE BY: prasaṅgena or prasaṅgāt (?).

BYGONE:
     1 atītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 atikrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     3 gataḥ (tā taṃ).

BY-LAW: *upavidhiḥ: v. Rule, ordinance.

BYPATH, ROAD, or WAY:
     1 vimārgaḥ;
     2 vipathaḥ.

BY-PLACE:
     1 vijanapradeśaḥ;
     2 viviktasthalam;
     3 vijanabhūmiḥ.

BYSTANDER:
     1 prekṣakaḥ (=a spectator);
     2 pārśvasthaḥ (=one who is near).

BYWORD: v. Proverb. To become a b. upahāsāspadaṃ bhavati (bhū, c. l.).


CAB: aśvavāhyayānabhedaḥ.

CABAL (subs.):
     I A body of intriguers: *svakāryasādhanāya gūḍhamantrakāriṇaḥ (m. pl.).
     II Intrigue: q. v.: gūḍhamantraṇā.

CABAL (v. i.): *svakāryasādhanāya gūḍhaṃ mantrayati (mantr, c. 10.) or sim. mantrayati (when the sense is clear). v. To intrigue.

CABALA: *kābalam; ihudīnāṃ nigūḍhaśāstram.

CABALIST: *kābalavid (mfn.); kābalajñaḥ (f. jñā).

CABALISTIC: kābalaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ). In gen. sense: v. Mystical.

CABALLER: v. Intriguer.

CABBAGE: śākaprabhedaḥ; *kabiḥ.

CABIN:
     I A cottage: q. v.
     II Of a ship: koṣṭhaḥ (?).

CABINET:
     I A closet: q. v.
     II A piece of furniture: *darājaḥ: v. Chest.
     III The select council of a ruler: pradhānamantriṇāṃ sabhā. Ph. c. minister: mukhyamantrin (m.).
     IV A room for c. council: indrakam (?).

CABLE: potabandhanāya sthūlaḥ śāṇarajjuḥ lauhaśṛṅhnalo vā; potabandhanī (?).

CABMAN:
     1 pravahaṇavāhakaḥ;
     2 yānavāhī: v. Charioteer.

CABRIOLET: catuścakraviśiṣṭaḥ sapidhāno laghurathaviśeṣaḥ.

CACHINNATION:
     1 aṭṭahāsaḥ;
     2 prahasanam;
     3 ācchuritam.

CACKLE (v.):
     1 nadati (nad, c. l.);
     2 rauti (ru, c. 2).

CAKLE, CACKLING (subs.): nādaḥ, c. of the geese haṃsanādaḥ: v. Noise.

CACOPHONOUS: śrutikaṭu (mfn.), Kav. vii. 2.: v. Harsh, discordant.

CACOPHONY: śrutikaṭutā.

CADAVEROUS: v. Ghastly, pale.

CADENCE:
     I Lit.: v. Fall.
     II Musical:
     1 svarasaṃkramaḥ (=modulation of voice), Mr. iii. 5.;
     2 svarāvarohaḥ (=fall of voice.), M. n.;
     3 virāmaḥ (=pause).

CADET:
     I A younger brother: anujaḥ.
     II A younger son: kaniṣṭhaputraḥ.
     III In the army: *kāditaḥ.

CAESURA: *vicchedaḥ.

CAGE: (subs.):
     I For animals:
     1 piñjaram;
     2 pañjaram;
     3 vītaṃsaḥ.
     II For men: v. Prison.

CAGE (v. t.): piñjare niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To confine.

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CAIRN:
     1 upalarāśiḥ;
     2 pāṣāṇacitiḥ; and sim. comp. s.

CAITIFF: khalaḥ: v. Knave.

CAJOLE (v. t.): lālayati (lala, c. 10.): v. To deceive.

CAJOLER: lālin (f. ) (?): v. Deceiver, flatterer.

CAJOLERY: lālanam: v. Flattery, deception.

CAKE (subs.):
     I An article of food:
     1 ṣiṣṭakaḥ;
     2 pūpaḥ.
     II A cake-like mass: piṇḍaḥ.

CAKE (v. i.): piṇḍībhavati (bhū, c. l.).

CALAMINE: dhātuviśeṣaḥ; *kalaminam.

CALAMITOUS:
     1 vipannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 vipadgrastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     3 āpadupetaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 vyasanopetaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Unfortunate. Ph. 'c. condition' vipaddaśā.

CALAMITY:
     1 vipad;
     2 āpad (f.);
     3 vipatti;
     4 vyasanam (rare);
     5 upadravaḥ (=public c.): v. Misfortune.

CALCINATION:
     1 gāraṇam;
     2 ātañcanam;
     3 pratīvāpaḥ.

CALCINE:
     1 gārayati (c. of gṝ);
     2 ātañcayati (c. of tañc).

CALCIUM: *cūrṇasāraḥ.

CALCULATE:
     1 gaṇayati (=to count, reckon: q. v.);
     2 nirūpayati (=to ascertain), c. a day suited for our departure nirūpyatāṃ tāvadasmākaṃ prasthānayogyadivasaḥ, Mu. iv. C. d.: i. e. adapted: v. To fit, suit.

CALCULATION:
     1 gaṇanā;
     2 nirūpaṇam (=ascertainment), c. of time kālanirūpaṇam, Su.

CALCULATOR:
     1 gaṇakaḥ;
     2 nirūpakaḥ (=one who ascertains).

CALCULOSE:
     1 aśmaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 śārkaraḥ (rī raṃ).

CALCULUS:
     1 *sūkṣmamānagaṇitam (=differential c.);
     2 *samāhāragaṇitam (=integral c.).

CALDRON:
     1 kaṭāhaḥ;
     2 piṭharaḥ: v. Boiler.

CALENDAR:
     I An almanac: pañjikā.
     II A list: q. v.

CALENDAR (subs.): *cakrayantram, Williams.

CALENDER (v. t.): *cakrayantreṇa ślakṣṇīkaroti (nomi.).

CALENDS: romakīyamāsasya prathamadivasam.

CALENTURE: vyāmohaḥ (Lit. and Fig.).

CALF:
     I The young of the cow:
     1 vatsaḥ
     2 govatsaḥ or dhenuvatsaḥ;
     3 taṇikaḥ (=a newly born c.), A. A she-c. two years old dvihāyanī.
     II A dolt, blockhead: q. v.
     III The c. of the leg: jaṅghāyā māṃsalaḥ paścādbhāgaḥ.

CALIBRE: Ph.: the c. (of a tube, etc.) mukhasya or chidrasya parimāṇam; of small c. kṣudramukhaviśi (?); a man of small c. kṣudrabuddhiḥ.

CALICO: kārpāsabhedaḥ.

CALIGRAPHY: v. Penmanship.

CALK (v. t.): jalapraveśanirodhāya naukāyāḥ phalakasani cchidrāṇi jīrṇavastrakhaṇḍaiḥ pūrayati (c. of pṝ).

CALKER: jīrṇavastrakhaṇḍairnaukāyāḥ phalakasa ndhicchidrapūraka.

CALL (v. t.):
     I To summon:
     1 hvayati ā - (hve, c. l.), I will c. and ask my mistra gṛhiṇīmāhūya pṛcchāmi, Mr. i.;
     2 śabdāyate (nom) (=c. aloud), c. Maitreya maitreyaṃ tāvat śabdāya Mr. iv.;
     3 ākārayati (c. of kṛ) (rare)
     4 nimantrayati (mantr, c. 10.) (=invite: q. v.)
     II To address by a particular name
     1 āhvayati, c. ed her by the name Pārvati pārvatīti nāmnā juhāva, Ku. i. 26.;
     2 nāmnā saṃjñayā or ākhyayā abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): "c. a spade a spade" yo yadrūpastaṃ tadrūpamabhidhehi.
     III To name designate:
     1 vakti (vac, c. 2.), bhāṣate (bhāṣ c. l.), etc. (=to speak: q. v.), you are c.ed 'mountainlifter' tulitabhūbhṛducyase Si. xv. 30.; udāharati (hṛ, c. l.), c. ed Dasharatha daśaratha ityudāhṛtaḥ, B. i. 1.;
     3 apa-diśati vyapa-, (diś, c. l.), Si. xv. 28. Ph. c. to mind manasi karoti; c. ed Rik, Yajus and Sāman ṛgyajuḥsāma- saṃjñakāḥ, S. p.; c. ed Tāraka tārakasaṃjñitaḥ, Ku.

CALL BACK: v. To recall, revoke, retract.

CALL FOR: To demand, require.

CALL FORTH: āhvayati (hve, c. l.) (Lit. and fig)

CALL IN:
     I To collect, as debts: v. to collect.
     II To invite, as friends āhvayati, sam-.

CALL OFF: i. e. to divert: q. v.

CALL OUT: v. To recite.

CALL ON or UPON:
     I To implore: q. v. To invoke: q. v.
     III To pay a short c. ed on me māṃ draṣṭumājagāma (after Mu.); c. on him taṃ draṣṭuṃ gaccha.

CALL TO: śabdāyate: v. Call (I).

CALL (subs.):
     I A vocal address: āhvānam. Ph. "c. of the house" *sabhāsadāṃ nāmapāṭhaḥ.
     II Demand, requisition: q. v.
     III A pipe or whistle: q. v. To make or give or pay a c.: v. Call on (III).

CALLING:
     I Lit.: āhvānam.
     II Vocation: q. v.: vṛttiḥ.

CALLOSITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 kiṇaḥ;
     2 kadaraḥ (?).
     II Fig.: hard-heartedness, insensibility:
     1 kāṭhinyam;
     2 kaṭhoratā.

CALLOUS:
     I Lit.:
     1 mṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?);
     2 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (=hard: q. v.).
     II Fig.: hardhearted: q. v.: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ).

CALLOUSNESS:
     1 kāṭhinyam;
     2 kaṭhoratā: v. Insensibility.

CALLOW:
     1 pakṣahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 vītapakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ); and sim. comp. s.

CALM (adj.):
     1 śāntaḥ pra-, (ntā ntaṃ), O, what a c. and beautiful morning aho praśāntaramaṇīyatā prabhātasya; c. and solemn place praśāntagambhīrabhūmiḥ, Vi.; c. countenance śāntākāraḥ, Ma.;
     2 niṣkampaḥ (mpā mpaṃ), niścalaḥ (lā laṃ) etc. (without motion: as a sea), like the c. ocean on a c. day nivātaniṣkampamivāpagāpatim, Ki.; the sea became very c. with unruffled water nibhṛto'bhavadatyarthaṃ samudraḥ stimitodakaḥ. V. p.;
     3 nirvātaḥ (tā taṃ), etc. (=without wind: as a c. place), V.;
     4 anuttaraṅgaḥ (f. ṅgā) etc. (=not wavy: as a river);
     5 akṣubdhaḥ (f. bdhā), etc. (=not agitated), To be c.: śāmyati pra-, (śam, c. 4.), Ku.

CALM (subs.):
     I As opposed to storm: nivātaḥ or nirvātaḥ.
     II Calmness, tranquillity: q. v.

CALM (v. t.):
     1 śamayati pra-, (c. of śam), to c. a tempest caṇḍavātaṃ śamayati;
     2 śāntvayati or sāntvayati abhi- upa- pari-, (śāntv or sāntv c. 10.), to c. the son of wind (Bhima) marutaḥ sutamupasāntvayitum, Ki. ii. 25: v. To quiet.

CALMLY:
     I Gently: q. v.
     II Quietly, patiently: q. v.

CALMNESS:
     1 śāntiḥ or śamaḥ;
     2 praśāntiḥ or praśamaḥ;
     3 akṣobhaḥ and sim. comp. s (=absence of agitation);
     4 better by adj. c. of mind:
     1 dhairyam, Ki. xiv. 1
     2 nirvikāracittatvam, M. n.

CALOMEL: *pītaharitapāradaḥ; śuddhapāradaḥ.

CALORIC: tāpaḥ.

CALORIFIC: tāpanaḥ (nī naṃ) or tāpakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

CALTROP:
     I A thistle: gokṣuraḥ.
     II A military instrument: *catuḥśūlam; aśvārohāṇāṃ gatinirodhāya yuddhayantraviśeṣaḥ.

CALUMNIATE: parivadati (vad, c. l.), c. s in my presence (my) friend the king of Anga parivadati samakṣaṃ mitramaṅgādhirājam, Ve. v.: v. To slander, detract, revile.

CALUMNIATION: parivādaḥ: v. Calumny.

CALUMNIATOR: parivādakaḥ or parivādīḥ v. Slanderer, reviler.

CALUMNIOUS: parivādin (f. ): v. Slanderous.

CALUMNIOUSLY:
     1 guṇāpavādena;
     2 abhūtamāsajya (=falsely);
     3 asūyayā (=detractingly).

CALUMNY:
     1 parivādaḥ, not before acquainted with c. s parivādagocaramayātapūrvaḥ (rvā vaṃ), Ki.;
     2 paribhāṣaṇam (rare);
     3 piśunavākyam (=evil speech): v. Slander, detraction.

CALVE: vatsaṃ sūte pra-, (, c. 2.): v. To beget.

CALVINISM: *kelvinamataṃ or kelvinasya matam.

CALVINIST: *kelvinamatāvalambin (f. ).

CALYX: *dalakoṣaḥ; puṣpadalāvaraṇam.

CAMBRIC: *kimbṛkam; sūkṣmapaṭaviśeṣaḥ.

CAMEL:
     1 uṣṭraḥ;
     2 kramelakaḥ;
     3 dvikakud (m.) (rare). A young c.: karabhaḥ, A she-c.: uṣṭrī.

CAMELOPARD: dīrghagrīvaḥ (?); uṣṭrajātīyaścitrito jantuviśeṣaḥ.

CAMEO: *kāmopalaḥ.

CAMERA OBSCURA: *prativimbagrāhako yantraviśeṣaḥ prativimbagrāhiṇī.

CAMP (subs.):
     1 śiviram;
     2 kaṭakaḥ, To pikS a c.: skandhāvāraṃ niveśayati (c. of viś), Ka.

CAMP (v.): v. To encamp.

CAMPAIGN:
     I An open tract:
     1 samabhūmiḥ;
     2 kedāravratatiśvatravṛkṣagulmādivarjitā bhūmiḥ, Ka.
     II The time that an army keeps the field: vigrahakālaḥ (?) and sim. comp. s.

CAMPHOR:
     1 karpara (mn.);
     2 sitābhraḥ, A.;
     3 himavālukā, A.
     4 dhanasāraḥ, A.

CAMPHORATED: karpūravāsitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CAN (subs.):
     1 caṣaka (mn.);
     2 kaṃsa (mn.).

CAN (v.);
     1 śaknoti (śak, c. 5.), Menā could not restrain (her) from the undertaking śaśāka menā na niyantumudyamāt, Ku. v. 5.; c. not be made to accept the ministry of Chandragupta vṛṣalasya sācivyaṃ grāhayituṃ na śakyate, Mu.;
     2 prabhavati (bhū, c. l.), an enemy c. not conquer then prabhavati na tadā paro vijetum, Ki. x. 35.;
     3 īṣṭe (īś, c. 2.), who c. move a good man sujanaṃ janāścalayituṃ ka īśate, Si. xv. 40.;
     4 pārayati (pṛ, c. 10.), nor c. we say that it is our friend's fault sakhigāmī doṣa iti vyavasāyayitumapi na pārayāmaḥ, Sa. iv.;
     5 kṣamate (kṣam, c. l.), N. xiv. 16.;
     6 samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ) or śaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) or kṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) bhavati (often understood). N. B. (a) Do not use 2 and 3 in the pass.; (b) could can also be idiomatically expressed by vidhiliṅ: I. c. deprive even Śiva of his fortitude kuryāṃ harasyāpi pinākapāṇerdhairyacyutim, Ku. iii. 10.; (c) cannot be --is best expressed by part. adj. s- tavya anīya and ya; what cannot be accomplished or cured asādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ); what cannot be measured aparimeyaḥ (yā yaṃ); (d) cannot but- is expressed by avaśyaṃ or circumlo.: I cannot but remark mayāvaśyaṃ vaktavyam; I cannot but weep rodanaṃ nivārayituṃ na śaknomi.

CANAL:
     1 kulyā;
     2 praṇālī;
     3 upakulyā.

CANARY BIRD: pītavarṇaḥ pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

CANCEL:
     I To erase, obliterate: kuṇḍalanāṃ tanoti (tan, c. 8.) (with gen.) (properly by the circular mark prevalent among Hindus), N. II. To annul=destroy; lumpati ava- vi-, (lup, c. 6.) (?).
     III To strike out common factors: apavartayati (c. of vṛt), Li.
     IV To enclose: q. v.

CANCELLATION:
     I Erasing: kuṇḍalanākriyā.
     II Annulment: avalopaḥ (?).
     III Striking out common factors: apavartanam.

CANCER:
     I One of the signs of the zodiac:
     1 karkaṭaḥ;
     2 kakaḥ (rare).
     II A disease: karkaṭarogaḥ.

CANCEROUS: i. e. affected with cancer *karkaṭarogākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) and sim. comp. s

CANDELABRUM: *pradīpapādapaḥ; kaumudīvṛkṣaḥ.

CANDID:
     I White: viśadaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Fair frank, sincere: q. v.:
     1 nyāyyaḥ (yyā yyaṃ (=fair);
     2 sphuṭabhāṣin (f. ṇī) (=frank)
     3 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (sincere).

CANDIDATE:
     1 ākāṅkṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 arthin pra-, (f. ), c. for poetic fame kaviyaśaḥprārthī, R.

CANDIDLY:
     1 sphuṭam (=frankly);
     2 niṣkapaṭa or nirvyājam (without any trick).

CANDIED: *śarkaritaḥ (tā taṃ), c. sugar: v. Candy.

CANDLE: *vartiḥ, wax c. *sikthavartiḥ.

CANDLEMAS: *dīpānvitā (properly a Hind festival).

CANDLESTICK: dīpādhāraḥ.

CANDOUR: niṣkāpaṭyam: v. Frankness, ingenu- ousness.

CANDY:
     1 mākṣikaśarkarā;
     2 khaṇḍaḥ;
     3 khaṇḍa- modakaḥ.

CANE (subs.):
     I The rattan: q. v.: vetasaḥ
     II A stick: vetraṃ or vetrayaṣṭiḥ, A seat made of c. vetrāsanam: v. Also Sugar-cane, bamboo, reed.

CANE (v. t.):
     1 vetrāghātaṃ karoti;
     2 vetreṇa hanti ā-, (han, c. 2.)

CANINE: expressed by comp. of words under Dog: c. tail śvapuccham. Ph. c. teeth agradantāḥ (?).

CANISTER:
     1 peṭakaḥ (?);
     2 pātram (=a vessel).

CANKER (subs.):
     I Cancer: *karkaṭarogaḥ. A disease of plants: kīṭāḥ (m. pl.)
     I Fig.: kālaḥ.
     IV Caterpillar: q. v. V. The dog-rose: q. v.

CANKER (v.): v. To corrode, corrupt.

CANKERWORM: śūkakīṭaḥ: v. Caterpillar.

CANNIBAL: nṛbhuj (m. f. n.), B. xii. 17., and sim. comp. s.

CANNIBALISM:
     I Lit: nṛbhojanam: to practise manuṣyamāṃsaṃ khādati (khād, c. l.), atti (ad, c. 2.), etc.
     II Fig.:
     1 nṛśaṃsatā;
     2 jighāṃsutā.

CANNON: *kāmānaḥ. To load a c. *gulibhiḥ kāmānaṃ pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).

CANNONADE (subs.): *kāmānagolaprakṣepaṇam.

CANNONADE (v. t.): *kāmānagolaiḥ mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.) or mathnāti (manth, c. 9.).

CANNON-BALL: *kāmānagolaḥ; kāmānaguliḥ; ayogolaḥ.

CANNON-SHOT:
     I Cannon-ball: q. v.
     II Its range: Ph. the fleet got out of c. *raṇapotāvaliḥ kāmānagolaviṣayamaticakrāma.

CANOE: nauḥ or naukāḥ v. Boat.

CANON:
     I A rule:
     1 vidhiḥ;
     2 vyavasthā. C. -law: *popa-pracāritadharmasaṃhitā.
     II An ecclesiastical dignitary: dharmopāsakaviśeṣaḥ.

CANONESS: dharmopāsikā (?).

CANONICAL:
     1 vaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ);
     2 vaidhikaḥ (ko kaṃ), c. s.: yājakaveśaḥ.

CANOPY:
     1 vitānam;
     2 candrātapaḥ;
     3 ullocaḥ.

CANOROUS:
     1 madhuraḥ (rā raṃ) (of songs, etc.);
     2 madhurabhāṣin (f. ṇī). (of men, etc.): v. Melodious.

CANT (subs.): *apabhāṣā, "c. word": *apaśabdaḥ. q. v. Canting (adj.): dāmbhikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

CAN'T =cannot:

CANTEEN, CANTINE: madyabhāṇḍam.

CANTER (v. i.): ardhaṃpulāyitena gacchati (gam, c. l.) or calati (cal, c. l.).

CANTER (subs.): ardhapulāyitam, Si. v. 10.

CANTHARIDES: gomayotthājātīyakīṭabhedaḥ.

CANTICLE:
     I Of the Bible: *gītakāṇḍaḥ.
     II A canto: q. v.

CANTLE, CANTLET: khaṇḍam: v. Piece.

CANTO: Of a poem: sargaḥ: v. Book.

CANTON (subs.): pradeśaḥ: v. Province.

CANTONMENT: niveśaḥ, military c. senāniveśaḥ: v. Quarters.

CANVAS:
     I A coarse cloth: śāṇam, c. bag śāṇapuṭam.
     II Sails: q. v.: vātavasanāni (n. pl.) (?).
     III Cloth for painting: paṭam, D.

CANVASS (v.):
     I To solicit for votes: prārthayate (artha, c. 10.) or yācate (yāc, c. l)
     II To sift, examine: q. v. parīkṣate (īkṣ c. l.)
     III To discuss: q. v.: vicārayati (c. of car).

CANVASS, CANVASSING (subs.):
     I Inspection: q. v.: parīkṣā.
     II Discussion: q. v.: vicāraḥ.
     III Solicitation for votes: *mataprārthanā or simply prārthanā (when the context determines the meaning).

CANVASSER:
     I One who solicits votes: *mataprārthakaḥ.
     II Examiner: q. v.: parīkṣakaḥ.

CAP: śiraskam (gen. term). "C. of fools" mūrkhacūḍāmaṇiḥ.

CAPABILITY:
     1 śaktiḥ;
     2 kṣamatā;
     3 sāmarthyam.

CAPABLE:
     1 śaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), with c. friends śaktaiḥ suhṛdbhiḥ, B.; c. of this work asya karmaṇaḥ śaktaḥ Ve. iii.;
     2 samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ), c. of meeting parisaraṇasamarthaḥ, Vi.;
     3 kṣamaḥ (mā maṃ), c. of disordering viprakartuṃ kṣamaḥ, Vi. N. B. Note the construction of these words;
     4 śakyaḥ (kyā kyaṃ) (in the passive sense): c. of being counteracted samādhātuṃ śakyaḥ, Vi. Be c.: v. Able, be-.

CAPACIOUS: i. e. spacious, large: q. v.
     1 viśālaḥ (lā laṃ) (in breadth);
     2 vipulaḥ (lā laṃ) (in depth);
     3 bahugrahaḥ (hā haṃ) (rare).

CAPACIOUSNESS:
     1 viśālatā;
     2 vipulatā: v. Largeness.

CAPACITATE: v. To enable.

CAPACITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 dhāraṇaśaktiḥ;
     2 grahaṇasāmarthyam;
     3 better by circumlo.: v. Extent. Ph. a measure of c. pratīmānam, M. II. Mental c.: grahaṇasāmarthyam, c. for all knowledge aśeṣavidyāgrahaṇasāmarthyam, K. III. Ability: q. v.: śaktiḥ, to the extent of one's c. yathāśakti.
     IV Outward condition: rūpam, in the c. of a cook sūdarūpeṇa or sūdo bhūtvā. V. Legal c.: kṣamatā (?).
     VI In geo.: garbhaphalam, Li.

CAP-A-PIE: āpādamastakam sarvāṅga- in comp.

CAPARISON:
     I (subs.): kuthaḥ: v. Trappings.
     II Verb: kuthena maṇḍayati, etc.; saw Indrāyudha c. ed with red cloth aruṇenāśvalaṅkāreṇālaṅkṛtamindrāyudhamadrākṣīt, K. C. ed: vibhūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ). N. i. 57.

CAPE:
     I A promontory: *pralambaḥ.
     II For the shoulders: *skandhacchadaḥ.

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CAPER (v.): kūrdati -te (kūrd, c. l.), Ha.: v. To frisk.

CAPER (subs.):
     I For pickling: mukulaviśeṣaḥ: *kapharī.
     II A skip, jump: q. v. To cut c. s: (ku) rdati -te (kūrda or kurd, c. l.).

CAPILLARY:
     I (subs.); sūkṣmanāḍīviśeṣaḥ; saṃyoginī.
     II Adj.: expr. by tat. comp.

CAPITAL (adj.):
     I Chief, principal: q. v.
     II Excellent: q. v. Ph. c. letter *bṛhadakṣaram; c. punishment prāṇadaṇḍaḥ; c. offence *prāṇadaṇḍārho'parādhaḥ.

CAPITAL (subs.):
     I Of a column: cūḍā (?).
     II Of a country: rājadhānī, c. of the king Bhima mīmabhūmipatirājadhānī, N. vi. l. Ph.: the city named Puspapura (Patna) the c. of Magadha (Behar) *magadhadeśaśekharībhūtā puṣpapurī nāma nagarī, D. III. A c. letter; *bṛhadakṣaram.
     IV Stock, principal q. v.:
     1 mūlam;
     2 mūladhanam.

CAPITALIST: Perh. mūlavat (f. ). Great c. sphītasāradhanaḥ (nā naṃ) D.

CAPITALLY: v. Chiefly. Ph.: to punish c. prāṇān daṇḍayati.

CAPITATION: Ph. c. tax: v. Poll-tax.

CAPITOL: *romanagarasthayupitāradevālayaḥ.

CAPITULATE: śatruvaśaṃ svīkaroti śatruhaste puraṃ or durgam arpayati (c. of ).

CAPITULATION: Ph. they agreed to a c. on these conditions etairniyamaiḥ puraṃ or durgamarpayitumabhyupajagmuḥ: v. To capitulate.

CAPON: i. e. castrated cock: hṛtamuṣkakukkuṭaḥ and sim. comp. s.

CAPRICE:
     1 kāmacāraḥ (anything done according to one's fancy), this is c. of fortune daivasyātra kāmacāraḥ, Mu. ii.;
     2 cāñcalyam (=fickleness: q. v.).

CAPRICIOUS:
     1 kāmacārin (f. ṇī) (doing according to one's fancy):
     2 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=fickle, unsteady: q. v.).

CAPRICIOUSLY: v. Whimsically.

CAPRICIOUSNESS:
     1 kāmacāritā;
     2 cāñcalyam (=fickleness: q. v.).

CAPRICORN: makaraḥ or makararāśiḥ.

CAPRICUM: raktamarīcaḥ; raktamarīcalatā.

CAPSTAN: bhārottolanayatram.

CAPSULAR: kośākāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

CAPSULE:
     1 vījakośaḥ (ṣaḥ), Bha;
     2 karṇikā, Bha.

CAPTAIN:
     I A chief: q. v.: adhyakṣaḥ.
     II A military officer: *gulmapatiḥ or (in gen. sense) sainyādhyakṣaḥ or senānīḥ.
     III A naval officer potādhyakṣaḥ or potanāyakaḥ.
     IV A master of the military art: v. General.

CAPTAINCY or CAPTAINSHIP:
     1 gulmapatipada (military);
     2 potādhyakṣapadam (naval).

CAPTION: v. Apprehension.

CAPTIOUS:
     I Disposed to find fault: (1 doṣaikadṛś (mfn.);
     2 purobhāgin (f. );
     3 doṣa- grāhin (f. ṇī).
     II Peevish, perverse: q. v.
     III Insidious, troublesome: q. v.

CAPTIOUSLY: v. Peevishly, insidiously.

CAPTIOUSNESS: v. Censoriousness, peevish ness.

CAPTIVATE (v. t.):
     I To enslave: vaśīkaroti c.d by her good qualities tadguṇaiḥ vaśīkṛtaḥ, D. I. To charm: q. v.: harati (hṛ, c. l.), c. d to eyes, as well as the minds, of all creatures jaha sarvabhūtānāṃ cakṣūṃṣi ca manāṃsi ca, Mah. C. ing: manoha (rā raṃ): v. Charming, fascinating.

CAPTIVE (subs.): vandī or vandi (f.), will brin back fortune as a c. śriyaṃ vandīmiva pratyāneṣyati, M. ii. 52.: v. Prisoner.

CAPTIVE (adj.):
     1 vandīkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ). ma c. by the enemies of gods vandīkṛtā vibudhaśatrumi V.;
     2 vandiḥ, c. women vandistriyaḥ, Vi. vii.

CAPTIVITY: vanditvam: v. Slavery, subjectio

CAPTOR:
     1 grāhakaḥ;
     2 jetā (=victor, con queror: q. v.).

CAPTURE (v.) gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), and was c. d Chandavarman jagṛhe ca caṇḍavarmaṇā, D. i.; new c. d navagrahaḥ (hā haṃ), K.: v. To take.

CAPTURE (subs.):
     I Seizure: q. v.: grahaṇam, c. of cattle gograhaḥ, Mah.
     II Booty, priz q. v.

CAPUCHIN:
     I A monk; yativiśeṣaḥ.
     II monkey: vānaraviśeṣaḥ.

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CAR: rathaḥ, procession of the c. of Jagannātha rathayātrāḥ v. Chariot.

CARAT:
     I A weight rattikā (properly about half a c.), K. b.
     II A 24th part, in measuring the fineness of gold: expr. by circumlo.: this is 18 c. gold *asya pādatrayaṃ svarṇam.

CARAVAN: saṅghaḥ, c. of pilgrims yātrikasaṅghaḥ; c. of merchants vaṇiggaṇaḥ, Mal.

CARAVANSARY, CARAVANSERA: pathikāśramaḥ.

CARAWAY:
     1 ajamohā;
     2 ugragandhā.

CARBINE or CARABINE: *laghubandukaḥ.

CARBINER or CARABINEER: *laghubandukabhṛdaśvavāraḥ.

CARBON: *aṅgārasāraḥ.

CARBONIC: *aṅgārasārajaḥ (jā jaṃ).

CARBUNCLE:
     I A tumour: visphoṭaḥ.
     II A gem: padmarāgaḥ.

CARCASS:
     1 śava (mn.);
     2 mṛtaśarīram;
     3 kuṇapa (mn.) (rare).

CARD (subs.):
     I A playing c.: *tāsam, to play with c. s *tāsaiḥ krīḍati; knave of c. s: *dāsaḥ, Diamond, heart, club and spade (of cards) *raktaṃ pītaṃ śyāmaṃ kṛṣṇam.
     II A visiting c. *nāmapatram.
     III A paper on which the points of a compass are marked: *digbhāgapatram.
     IV An instrument for combing wool: urṇāmārjanī.

CARD (v. t.): v. To comb, cleanse.

CARDAMOM:
     1 elā,
     2 koraṅgī (small c.);
     3 candrabālā (large c.);
     4 niṣkuṭiḥ (large c.) (rare). C. -plant: elālatā, R.

CARDER: Of wool: urṇāmārjakaḥ.

CARDIAC:
     I (adj.): dīpanaḥ (nā naṃ), Śr.
     II (subs.): dīpanam.

CARDINAL (subs.): *romakadharmaniyantā. C. ship, c. ate: *romakadharmaniyantṛpadam: kārḍinālapadavī.

CARDINAL (adj.): i. e. chief, principal: c. virtue paramadharmaḥ. Ph. c. number ekādisaṃkhyā; c. points *pradhānabindavaḥ (m. pl.).

CARE (subs.):
     I Anxiety: q. v.: cintā, free from c. about you tvayi vītacintaḥ, Sa. iv. Ph.: I am now free from c. labdhamidānīṃ svāsthyam, Sa. iv.
     II The object of care: cintā, a daughter born in this world is a great c. putrīti jātā mahatīha cintā, P. i. 5.
     III Caution, attention
     1 yatnaḥ pra-, (=diligence), although (I) was brought up with c. prayatnasaṃvardhito'pi, D. iv.;
     2 apramādaḥ (carefulness);
     3 ādaraḥ (of treatment), display c. in the service of Rishis ṛṣijanaparicaryāsu darśitādarā bhava, K. IV. Charge, oversight:
     1 rakṣā (=wakSing over), (but its) c. is with you rakṣā yuṣmāsvavasthitā, Ku. ii. 26.;
     2 avekṣā (=looking after).

CARE, TAKE:
     1 rakṣati (rakṣ, c. l.), (=wakS over), you should t. c. of it at night and Vardhamānaka in the day idaṃ rakṣitavyaṃ tvayā rātrau vardhamānakenāpi divā, Mr. i.; I t. c. of the house gṛharakṣāṃ karomi, H. iii.;
     1 lālayati -te, (lal, c. 10.) (of children), you should t. c. of her as a child bāleva lālanīyā, K. Take care =b ware: q. v.: apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) or sāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ) bhava.

CARE (v.):
     1 gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.) (=to reckon), did not c. what Rāma said ajīgaṇaddāśarathaṃ na vākyam, B. ii. 53.: he did not c. all these sa tānnājīgaṇatsarvān, B. xv. 5.; not c. ing even a straw for their husbands tṛṇāyāpi na gaṇayitvā bhartṝn, D.;
     2 īkṣate, etc. (=to look: q. v.) does not c. for birth or beauty nābhijanamīkṣate na rūpamālokayate, K.;
     3 ādriyate (dṛ, c. 6.) (=to regard), Ki, xvi. 10.

CAREEN (v. t.): pārśvena sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

CAREER:
     I A race or race-course: q. v.
     II General course of conduct: caritam.

CAREFUL:
     I Attentive: q. v.
     1 apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 vītapramādaḥ (dā daṃ);
     3 sāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Anxious: q. v.:
     1 sacintaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     2 cintāvat (f. );
     3 cintāśatākulaḥ (lā laṃ). C. of or for:
     1 cintayati (cint, c. 10.);
     2 ādriyate, K.

CAREFULLY:
     I With c.:
     1 yatnena;
     2 prayatnataḥ;
     3 nipuṇam, searching c. nipuṇamanviṣya D. ii; to consider c. nipuṇaṃ vicārayati, Mr.
     II Attentively:
     1 apramattam;
     2 apramādena;
     3 sāvadhānena.
     III Anxiously: q. v.: expr. by adj.

CAREFULNESS:
     1 apramādaḥ;
     2 sāvadhānatā;
     3 cintākulatā (=anxiety).

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CARELESS:
     I Inattentive, neglectful: q. v.: pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ). To be c. of: na cintayati (cint, c. 10) or vimāvayati (c. of bhū) (with acc.), is c. even of herself ātmānamapi na vibhāvayati.
     II Said or done without care: pramatta- in comp.
     III Free from care: niścintaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

CARELESSLY:
     1 pramādena;
     2 sapramādam:
     3 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     4 anavadhānena.

CARELESSNESS:
     1 pramādaḥ;
     2 anavadhānam;
     3 asāvadhānatā;
     4 pramattatā.

CARESS (v.): parirabhate (rabh, c. l.)(=to embrace: q. v.);
     2 kroḍe karoti (to put in the lap): v. Also to fondle.

CARESS (subs.): parirambhaḥ (=embrace: q. v.).

CARESSINGLY: vakṣasā parirabhya (=embracing), Ku. v. 3.

CARET: *pūrakaḥ; asampūrṇalikhitavijñāpanāya 'A' ityākāracihram.

CARGO: expr. by dravyaṃ or bhāṇḍam, what is the c. of the boat kiṃbhāṇḍapūrṇā nauḥ.

CARICATURE (subs.): upahāsyacitram (?).

CARICATURE (v. t.) upahāsyacitraṃ likhati (likh, c. 6.) (?).

CARICATURIST: upahāsyacitrakaraḥ (?); upahāsyacitralekhakaḥ (?).

CARIES, CARIOSITY: asthivraṇam (?).

CARIOUS: vraṇitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

CARMAN:
     1 sārathiḥ;
     2 rathavāhakaḥ;
     3 śakaṭavāhakaḥ (of a cart).

CARMELITE: *karmalīyayatiḥ.

CARMINATIVE (adj. or subs.): vātaghnaḥ or vāyughnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ).

CARMINE (subs.): A red dye: lākṣā (?). Dyed with c. lākṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ), S. k.

CARNAGE: kadanam: v. Slaughter, massacre.

CARNAL:
     I Bodily, sensual: q. v. Ph. c. pleasure viṣayasukham.
     II Lustful: q. v. Ph. c. desire kāmaḥ; c. knowledge: saṃsargaḥ.

CARNALITY:
     1 viṣayāsaktiḥ (the state);
     2 viṣayopabhogaḥ (its indulgence): v. Sensuality.

CARNALLY: Ph. to know c. saṃsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.); or better by saṃsargaḥ.

CARNATION:
     I Flesh colour: māṃsavarṇaḥ.
     II. A flower: raktavarṇapuṣpaprabhedaḥ.

CARNIVAL: *romakadharmiṇāṃ māṃsotsavaḥ.

CARNIVOROUS:
     1 māṃsabhuj (mfn.);
     2 āmi- ṣāśin or piśitāśin (f. );
     3 kravyādaḥ.

CAROB: śimbibhedaḥ.

CAROL (subs.): saṅgītam: v. Song.

CAROL (v.): gāyati (gai, c. l.): v. To sing.

CAROTID ARTERIES: Prob. manye (f. dual), B.

CAROUSAL, CAROUSE (subs.): pānagoṣṭhīmahotsava or sim. pānagoṣṭhī, D.

CAROUSE (v.):
     1 atiśayaṃ pibati (, c. 2.)
     2 prabhūtamadyapānaṃ karoti.

CAROUSER: āpānapaḥ, Ha.: v. Drinker, revellen.

CARP (subs.): rohitajātīyamatsyabhedaḥ.

CARP AT (v.): avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To censure, to cavil.

CARPENTER:
     1 takṣakaḥ;
     2 tvaṣṭṭa (m.);
     3 vardhakiḥ;
     4 sūtradhāraḥ;
     5 takṣan (m.)

CARPENTRY:
     1 dārukarman (n.) K.;
     2 takṣaṇama tools of c. takṣaṇasādhanāni (n. pl.)

CARPER: v. Caviller, censurer.

CARPET (subs.): citrāstaraṇam (?). Ph. 'on the c.' ālocyamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

CARPET (v.): citrāstaraṇairācchādayati (chad, c. 10.) (=to cover: q. v.).

CARPING (adj.):
     1 mithyādoṣadarśin (f. ) (?)
     2 avakṣepin (f. ṇī) (?).

CARPING (subs.): avakṣepaḥ: v. Cavil, censure.

CARPINGLY:
     1 guṇāpavādena;
     2 asūyayā.

CARRIAGE:
     I Conveyance: vāhanam.
     II A vehicle:
     1 yānam (most gen. term), drive. in a c. and four caturaśvavāhyena yānena calati;
     2 rathaḥ (spec. a war-chariot), a c. road rathyā
     3 syandanaḥ (=a chariot);
     4 puṣparathaḥ (= a pleasure-car);
     5 karṇīrathaḥ;
     6 pravahaṇam (=a light covered car for ladies).
     III Gesture conduct, deportment: q. v. vyavahāraḥ.
     IV Management: q. v.: nirvāhaḥ.

CARRIAGE-MAKER: rathakāraḥ.

CARRIER:
     1 vāhakaḥ;
     2 vāhin (m.):
     3 boḍhā. Message c.: sandeśaharaḥ. Common c.: sādhāraṇa dravyavāhakaḥ (?).

[Page 105]

CARRION: kuṇapaḥ, c. eater: kauṇapaḥ.

CARROT:
     1 garjaram;
     2 pītakandam;
     3 piṇḍamūlakam.

CARRY:
     I To convey: q. v. vahati ut-, (vah, c. l.), c. ing him also on his shoulders tamapi skandhenoduhya, D. vi.; c. ing these two (i. e. the name Kshatriya and his bow) vahan dvayīm, Ki. iii. 48.
     II To urge, impel: q. v.
     III To transfer: nayati (, c. l.)
     IV To accomplish: q. v. V. To carry one's self: v. To behave.
     VI To exhibit:
     1 vahati;
     2 expr. by gen. with asti, it c. s no weight asya gauravaṃ nāsti (?).
     VII To c. town or fort: hastagataḥ (tā taṃ) karoti. Ph.: to c. coals to Newcastle kuverāya dhanaṃ dadāti (?).

CARRY AWAY:
     1 apavahati;
     2 nayati (, c. 1.) (=to take). Ph.: (your) heart about to be c ed away apahniyamānaṃ hṛdayam, K.

CARRY BACK: v. To take back.

CARRY OFF:
     I Lit.: apavahati.
     II Fig.: harati (hṛ, c. l.), let him c. the ensign of triumph *sa haratu subhagapatākām, D. ii.

CARRY ON:
     I To manage: q. v.: karoti (=to do, to perform: q. v.).
     II To promote: q. v.: unnayati (, c. l.).

CARRY OUT: i. e. to accomplish, effect: q. v.: nirvāhayati (c. of vah).

CARRY OVER: v. To carry.

CARRY ROUND: parivahati (?) gṛhādgṛhaṃ (house to house) or hastāddhastāntaraṃ (from hand to hand) nayati (, c. l.).

CARRY THROUGH:
     1 laṅghayati (laṅgh, c. 10.) (with abl. or ins. of the cause);
     2 pāraṃ nayati (, c. l.), may God c. you through all difficulties: *īśvaraprasādātsarvakṛcchrāṇi laṅghaya or tvāmiśvaraḥ sarvakṛcchrāṇāṃ pāraṃ nayatu.

CART (subs.):
     1 śakaṭaḥ, a. toy c. śakaṭikā;
     2 anas (n.) (rare).

CART (v. t.): śakaṭena vahati (vah, c. l.): v. To carry.

CARTAGE: śakaṭaśulkam.

CART-HORSE: śākaṭī or śākaṭīno'śvaḥ, etc.: v. Horse.

CART-LOAD:
     1 śākaṭīnaḥ;
     2 better by circum. five c. s of things pañjaśakaṭapūrṇāni dravyāṇi.

CARTE-BLANCHE: Ph. I have c. to go there svecchayā gantumanumato'smi.

CARTEL:
     I An agreement for the exchange of prisoners: niyamaḥ.
     II A challenge to single combat: dvandvayuddhāya samāhvānam.

CARTER:
     1 śakaṭavāhakaḥ:
     2 śakaṭavāhin (m.).

CARTILAGE: taruṇāsthi (n.), Śr.

CARTILAGINOUS: taruṇāsthimayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?), Williams.

CARTOON: v. SkekS.

CARTOUCH:
     I A cartridge-box: q. v.
     II An architectural ornament: *puṭaḥ.

CARTRIDGE: *cūrṇakoṣaḥ; truṭiḥ, C. -box: *cūrṇakoṣapeṭikā. c. -paper: śaktakāgajaviśeṣaḥ.

CARVE:
     I To cut artistically: expr. by utkīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (kṛ, c. 6.), churitaḥ (tā taṃ) (chur, c. 6.), or ut-likhitaḥ (tā taṃ) (likh, c. 6.); whose borders are c. d with flowers kusumalavacchuritaparyantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), D. ii.: whose barders are c.d with plants paryantalikhitalataḥ (tā taṃ), K. Ph. to c. out of kalpayatiḥ v. To make; c. d work kārukarman (n.) (?).
     II To cut (of meat) (phālikābhiḥ) kṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.) (?).

CARVER:
     I A sculptor:
     1 kāruḥ (?);
     2 takṣakaḥ (?).
     II A carving knife: *kṛntanī.

CARVING (subs.): kārukarman (n.) (?);
     2 takṣaṇī (?).

CARVING-KNIFE: *kṛntanī.

CASCADE: prapātaḥ: v. Cataract. (I)

CASE (subs.):
     I A covering or box: q. v.: ādhāraḥ, wakS-c. *kālamāpādhāraḥ; printing c. *mudrācihnādhāraḥ.
     II A box: q. v.
     III State, condition: q. v.
     IV Matter, circumstance: q. v.: arthaḥ, represented the c. to Chaṇḍavarman tamarthaṃ caṇḍavarmaṇe nivedayāṃcakruḥ, D. i. Ph.: in c. yadi (with vidhiliṅ) v. If; this being the c. evaṃ sati; in all c. s sarvatra; in this c. atra; in fever c. s jvarārtānām (Lit., of those suffering from fever).
     V A lawsuit: q. v.: who have got c. s kaḥ kaḥ kāryārthī, Mr.; he loses that c. tasmādarthātsa hīyate, M.; when the c. is gained siddhe'rthe, Vas.
     VI In gram. kārakam (not applied to the gen.), objective c. karmakārakam, c. ending vibhaktiḥ.

CASE (v.): v. To enclose, cover.

CASE-HARDEN (v.): bahiḥ kaṭhinīkarīti: v. To harden.

CASEMATE: *āgne yagulibhirabhedyaprastaranirmito guptiviśeṣaḥ.

CASEMENT:
     1 gavākṣaḥ:
     2 vātāyanam.

CASH (subs.): ṭaṅkaḥ (?);
     2 dhanam (money).

CASH (v. t.): Ph. c. this bill *huṇḍiṃ dattvā ṭaṅkamānaya or huṇḍiṃ gṛhītvā ṭaṅkaṃ dehi (as the case may be).

CASH-BOOK: *ṭaṅkapustakram; gaṇanāpatrikā (=accountbook), Raj.

CASHIER, CASH-KEEPER (subs.): ṭaṅkarakṣakaḥ (?): v. Treasurer.

CASHIER (v.):
     I To dismiss: q. v.
     II To reject: q. v.

CASINO: āmodaśālā (?).

CASK:
     1 bhāṇḍam (gen. term);
     2 *pipā (f.).

CASKET:
     1 samudgaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 sampuṭaḥ -kaḥ, Ph. gold c. suvarṇabhāṇḍam, Mr.

CASQUE, CASK: śirastram: v. Helmet.

CASSIA:
     1 gandhavalkalaḥ -vṛkṣaḥ (=laurus c.);
     2 dadrughnaḥ or cakramardaḥ (c. tora) C. -bark:
     1 gandhavalkalam;
     2 guḍatvac (n.).

CASSOCK: upasaṃkhyānam (?).

CASSOWARY: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *kāsoyāriḥ.

CAST (v. t.):
     I To throw: q. v.: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6), c. this man into the ocean prakṣipainaṃ sāgare, D. vi.; to c. on the ground avanau kṣipati, Ki.; to c. lustre rucaṃ kṣipati, Ki. v. 48; to c. eyes dṛśaṃ kṣipati, D. vii. Ph.: to c. skin kañcukaṃ vi-muñcati (muc, c. 6), M. n.; c. ing vote *sañcitamatam.
     II To condemn: q. v. Ph. c. (in a suit) parājitaḥ (tā taṃ), K. b.; hīnaḥ (nā naṃ), M. viii. 57.
     III To found: saṃ-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3) (?), to c. cannon *kāmānaṃ saṃdadhāti.
     IV To distribute: q. v. V. To calculate, contrive: q. v.

CAST (v. i.):
     I To contrive: q. v.
     II To warp: q. v.

CAST ASIDE, CAST AWAY: v. Throw aside, throw away.

CAST DOWN:
     I Lit.,: to throw down: q. v. Ph. with eyes c. adhodṛṣṭi (mfn.) or adhomukhaḥ (f. khī), Ku. vi. 85.
     II Fig.: v. To deject, depress.

CAST FORTH: kṣipati: v. To throw off to emit.

CAST OFF: muñcati vi-, (muc, c. 6), c. hounds vimucyantāṃ śvānaḥ: K.; c. by serpents phaṇibhirvimuktāḥ R. xvi. 17: v. To throw off, lay aside.

CAST OUT: nirasyati (as, c. 4): v. To throw out, expel.

CAST UP: to c. an account gaṇanāmekīkaroti.

CAST ON or UPON: Ph. the infamy was c. on us pātitamasmāsvayaśaḥ, Mu.

CAST (subs.):
     I A throw: q. v.: kṣepaḥ.
     II The distance that a thing is thrown: kṣepaḥ
     III Throw of dice: akṣapātaḥ. IV. A chance or venture: q. v.
     V A tinge: q. v.
     VI Any -thing c. in metal: mūtiḥ.
     VII The assignment of parts in a play: bhūmikāsaṃvibhāgaḥ (?).
     VIII A stroke or trick: q. v.
     IX A tube or funnel: q. v. Ph.: having a c. in the eye kekarākṣaḥ (kṣī kṣaṃ).

CASTANET: karardhiḥ (?).

CASTAWAY: tyaktaḥ pari-, (ktā ktaṃ): v. Aban -doned.

CASTE:
     1 varṇaḥ, of the same c. savarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) low c. hīnavarṇaḥ, high c. uttamavarṇaḥ, Da.; mixed c. varṇasaṅkaraḥ (m.):
     2 jātiḥ, of high c. utkṛṣṭajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), K. b.; low c. nikṛṣṭajātiḥ, D.; voice of c. jātihīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki. Ph. a low c. man antyajaḥ, M.

CASTELLAN:
     1 durgādhikārī;
     2 durgādhyakṣaḥ;
     3 durgapālaḥ.

CASTELLATED:
     1 aṭṭālaṃkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śikharamaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CASTER:
     I A thrower: q. v.: kṣepakaḥ.
     II. horoscope: janmapatrikākāraḥ: v. Astrologer
     III A small bottle: kūpī (?).

CASTIGATE:
     I Lit.: kaśāghātaṃ karoti.
     II Fig. nigṛhṇāti (graha, c. 9)

CASTIGATION:
     I Lit.: kaśāghātaḥ
     II Punish -ment: nigrahaḥ.
     III Reproof: q. v. bhartsanā, to administer c. bhartsanāṃ karoti.

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CASTIGATOR:
     I Lit.: kaśāghātakārin (f. ṇī).
     II Fig.: nigrahītṛ (f. trī).

CASTING:
     I Lit.: kṣepaḥ: v. Throw.
     II A mould: q. v.

CASTING-NET: kṣepaṇiḥ.

CASTLE: durgam: v. Fort. To build aerial c. s: *ākāśaprāsādān viracayati (rac, c. 10).

CASTOR: v. Beaver.

CASTOR-OIL: eraṇḍatailam, Śr. C. plant: eraṇḍaḥ.

CASTRATE: vṛghaṇau utpāṭayati (c. of paṭ), chinatti (chid, c. 7) Vi. v. utkṛntati (kṛt, c. 6) Vri.; etc.

CASTRATED:
     1 utpāṭitavṛṣaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ):
     2 chinnamuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ); and sim. comp. s.

CASTRATION:
     1 vṛṣaṇotpāṭanam:
     2 muṣkacchedaḥ; and sim. comp. s.

CASUAL:
     I Accidental, fortuitous: q. v.
     II Occasional: q. v.

CASUALLY:
     I Accidentally: q. v.: daivāt.
     II Occasionally: q. v.

CASUALTY:
     I Chance, accident: q. v.
     II Death or misfortune: vipattiḥ, R.

CASUIST: *dharmavicārakaḥ.

CASUISTIC, CASUISTICAL: *dharmavicāra -in comp. s.

CASUISTRY: dharmavicāraḥ -ṇā.

CAT:
     1 mārjāraḥ;
     2 viḍālaḥ.

CAT-O-NINE-TAILS: kaśāviśeṣaḥ; *navabalikā.

CATACHRESIS: anucitārthatā (?), Kav.

CATACLYSM: mahājalaplāvaḥ: v. Deluge, inundation.

CATACOMB: *antarbhaumaśavādhāraḥ.

CATALECTIC: nyūnākṣaraḥ (rā raṃ).

CATALEPSY: mohaḥ (?): v. Epilepsy.

CATALOGUE: *nāmāvaliḥ, c. of books: pustakanāmāvaliḥ.

CATAPLASM: lepaḥ; pralepaḥ: v. Poultice.

CATAPULT: avakṣepiṇī; prastarādyavakṣepaṇāya pūrvakālīnayuddhayantraviśeṣaḥ.

CATARACT:
     I Of water:
     1 nirbharaḥ;
     2 prasravaṇam.
     II A disease of the eye: kaphajaṃ timiram (after Śr.).

CATARRH:
     1 pratiśyāyaḥ;
     2 pīnasaḥ: v. Cold. (II).

CATASTROPHE:
     I Of a drama:
     1 niṣṭhā;
     2 nirvahaṇam.
     II End: q. v.: pariṇāmaḥ.
     III Disaster: q. v: vipattiḥ.

CATCH (v. t.):
     I To seize:
     1 dhārayati or dharati (dhṛ, c. 10. and 1.), for which you were caught dhṛto'si yadartham, N. i. 143; for c. ing fish matsyadhāraṇārtham, Tārānāth;
     2 dadhāti dhatte (dhā, c. 3), the king caught the bird with his hand nṛpaḥ pataṅgaṃ tamadhatta pāṇinā, N. i. 124;
     3 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9), caught the descending (ball) in the air avapatantamākāśa evāgrahīt, D. vi.; I was caught stealing corayitvā grāhitaḥ, D. iv.;
     4 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (=c. in a trap, etc.), c. ing of elephants kuñjarabandhanam, Nil.
     II Of fire: upagacchati (gam, c. l.) or upaiti (i, c. 2.), all of them caught fire and died sarva eva jvalanamupagatā uparatāśca, Mu. ii.
     III Of disease: to c. a disease vyādhimadhigacchati (gam, c. l.), avāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), etc., Śr.
     IV To ensnare: Perh. dharati. V. To charm: q. v.
     VI To overtake: q. v.

CATCH (v. i.): lagati (lag, c. l): my garland has caught in the branch viṭape vaijayantikā me lagnā, Vi.

CATCH (subs.):
     I Seizure: q. v. Ph. on c. dhartum.
     II Of a gate or lock: tālakam (?).
     III Profit, gain: q. v.
     IV The whole quantity caught at one time: expr. by circumlo.

CATCH AT:
     1 gṛhṇāti;
     2 dhārayati or dharati.

CATCHER:
     I One who c. s: grahītṛ (m.).
     II That which c. s: bandhanī.

CATCHING (adj.): i. e. contagious: sparśasañcārin (f. ṇī), Raj.

CATCHING (subs.):
     1 dhāraṇam;
     2 grahaḥ -ṇam;
     3 bandhanam (in a trap).

CATCH-LAND: sīmābhūmiḥ

CATCH-PENNY: v. Worthless.

CATECHETICAL: praśnottaramayaḥ (yī yaṃ), Raj.

CATECHETICALLY: praśnottaraiḥ (ins. pl.).

CATECHISE, CATECHIZE:
     I To instruct: (praśnottaraiḥ) śikṣayati (c. of śikṣ).
     II To interrogate: q. v.

CATECHISER, CATECHIST: expr. by verb.

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CATECHISM: *praśnottaramālā; praśnottaramaya ṛjupāṭhaḥ.

CATECHU:
     1 khadiraḥ;
     2 khadirasāraḥ. Acacia c.: the tree: khadiraḥ.

CATEGORICAL:
     I Pertaining to a category: expr. by comp. or gen.
     II Positive, express: q. v.

CATEGORICALLY: v. Positively, expressly, directly.

CATEGORY:
     I Logical: padārthaḥ.
     II State, condition: q. v.

CATER (v.):
     I To provide food: āhāraṃ dadāti, K.
     II To procure provisions: v. To procure and provide.

CATERER:
     I Purveyor: q. v.
     II Feeder: q. v.: bhojayitṛ (m.).

CATERPILLAR:
     1 śūkakīṭaḥ (?):
     2 kośakāraḥ (?).

CATERWAULING: memeyitam (?): viḍālarutam.

CATES: v. Dainty.

CATGUT: v. String, rope.

CATHERTIC: v. Purgative.

CATHEDRAL: pradhānadharmamandiram (?): v. Church.

CATHETER: *mūtrākarṣiṇī; mūtraniṣkarṣakayantraviśeṣaḥ

CATHOLIC (adj.):
     I Universal: q. v.
     II Liberal: q. v.
     III Belonging to Roman c. s: expr. by gen. or comp.: c. emancipation *romakadharmiṇāṃ mokṣaḥ.

CATHOLIC (subs.): i. e. Roman-c.: *romakadharmin (f. ṇī) or romakadharmāvalambin (f. ).

CATHOLICISM:
     I Liberality: q. v.
     II Roman -c.: *robhakadharmaḥ.

CATKIN: *viḍālapuccham; viḍālapucchākāraṃ prasūnam.

CATONIAN:
     I Lit.: *kaiṭavaḥ (vī vaṃ).
     II Grave, severe: q. v.

CAT'S-EYE: A stone: vaiduryam, Si. iii. 45.

CATTLE:
     I The bovine species: gāvaḥ (m. pl.), c. range gocaraḥ, Ki.; herd af c. gokulam, V. p.; c.- keeper gopaḥ, Ki.; c. -path govāṭaḥ, Ga.
     II In a wider sense, including sheep, etc.:
     1 paśavaḥ (m. pl.), breeding of c. pāśupālyam, M.; to graze c. paśūn cārayati, B. p.;
     2 gomeṣādayaḥ (m. pl.), c. show *gomeṣādimelā.

CAUDLE (subs.): aṇḍādimiśritamadyamayaḥ pānīyabhedaḥ.

CAUL:
     I A veil: q. v.: avaguṇṭhanam.
     II The omentum: q. v. medodharā.

CAULIFLOWER:
     I The plant: kabipuṣpaḥ; śākabhedaḥ.
     II The flower: *kabipuṣpam.

CAUSAL:
     1 hetvarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (as a c. con- junction);
     2 hetumat (f. ) (of c. verbs), Paṇini;
     3 ṇijantaḥ (nta ntā) (=ending in ṇic: of Sanskrit c. verbs.).

CAUSALITY: (kāraṇasya) kāryotpādikā śaktiḥ.

CAUSATION:
     I Causality: expr. by kāraṇam
     II The act of causing: V. Cause, pro -duction, creation.

CAUSATIVE:
     I Causal: q. v.
     II Causing janayitṛ (f. trī).

CAUSE (subs.):
     I That which produces effect: kāraṇaṃ, you are the c. of all element c. s tvaṃ kāraṇaṃ kāraṇakāraṇānām, Ki. Primary c.: ādikāraṇam;
     2 nidānam, R. iii.
     I Material samavāyikāraṇam, Efficient c. nimittam or nimittakāra
     II That which is the occasion of action: kāraṇam, without any c. akāraṇam: Reason, ground.
     III A lawsuit: q. v.: kāryam, tell (us) that c. tatkāryaṃ kathaya. Mr. ix.
     IV Object, side: q. v. kāryam, our c. is all but undertaken by you kāryaṃ tvayā naḥ pratipannakalpam, Ku. iii. 14; in the Śudra's (Chandragupta's c. vṛṣalasya kṛte, Mu.: v. For the sake of.

CAUSE (v. t.):
     1 Often by a causal verb: to cause pain vyathayati (c. of vyath); to c. ānandayati (c. of nand); to c. to fall pātayati of pat);
     2 janayati (c. of jan) (=produ -create). even an iota of master's favour arrogance among unsteady (people) janayati prabhuprasādalavo'pi prāgalbhyamadhīraprakṛteḥ, K.;
     3 circumlo.: this will c. his death anena tasya bhaviṣyati; ascertaining that the dropping of arched gateway will c. his own destruction to pātamātmavināśaphalamavadhārya, Mu. ii.

CAUSELESS:
     I Uncaused:
     1 expr. circumlo., you are c. na te kiñcit kāraṇama M. n.;
     2 akāraṇaḥ (f. ṇā) (rare), M.
     3 ayoni (mfn.), you are the cause of world, but yourself c. jagadyonirayonistvam,
     I ii. 9.
     II Groundless: q. v.: niṣkāraṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

CAUSELESSLY:
     1 akāraṇam;
     2 niṣkāraṇam;
     3 nirnimittam;
     4 ahetukam;
     5 niṣprayojanam.

CAUSER:
     1 kartṛ (f. trī):
     2 vidhātṛ (f. trī);
     3 sampādayitṛ (f. trī).

CAUSEWAY:
     1 setuḥ;
     2 āliḥ (f.);
     3 piṇḍilaḥ.

CAUSTIC (subs.):
     I Lunar c.: *apānāmlasaṃśliṣṭarajatam kaṣṭikam.
     II In the wider sense: dāhakapadārdhaḥ (?).

CAUSTIC (adj.):
     I Burning, corrosive: vidāhin (f. ).
     II Severe, sarcastic: q. v.: marmacchid (mfn.), Ki. xi. 49.

CAUTERIZATION:
     1 dāhaḥ;
     2 dahanam.

CAUTERIZE: (taptalohādinā vyādhitamāṃsādi) dahati (dah, c. l).

CAUTERY: dāhaḥ or dahanam. Actual c. *yathārthadāhaḥ; potential c. *tejodāhaḥ.

CAUTION (subs.):
     I Wariness:
     1 samīkṣā (circumspection), to use c. in any work samīkṣya kāryaṃ karoti;
     2 apramādaḥ (=care);
     3 sāvadhānatā. (=attention).
     II Guarantee, security: q. v.
     III Warning: q. v.

CAUTION (v.) v. To warn.

CAUTIOUS (adj.):
     1 sāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Circumspect.

CAUTIOUSLY:
     1 sāvadhānam;
     2 apramattam;
     3 samīkṣya (=circumspectly).

CAUTIOUSNESS:
     1 sāvadhānatā;
     2 apramattatā;
     3 samīkṣyakāritā.

CAVALCADE: aśvārohiṇaḥ (m. pl.) (=horsemen): v. Also procession.

CAVALIER:
     I A horseman: q. v.: aśvārohin (m.).
     II Of Charles I.: nāgaraḥ (?).

CAVALIERLY: sagarvam: v. Haughtily, disdainfully.

CAVALRY:
     1 vājisainyam, M. n., turagabalam, K. and sim. comp. s;
     2 aśvārohiṇaḥ (m. pl.) and sim. terms (=horse-soldiers);
     3 aśvārohisainyam and sim. comp. s.

CAVE, CAVERN:
     I Natural:
     1 guhā, entered the great c. praviveśa mahāguhām, V. p.;
     2 gahvaram;
     3 kandaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     4 darī or dariḥ.
     II Den, c a y: q. v.

CAVEAT: A notice: *vijñāpanī.

CAVERNED;
     I Cavernous: q. v.
     II Living in a cavern: guhāśayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

CAVERNOUS: bahuguhaḥ (hā haṃ) and sim comp. s c: v. Cavern, full of.

CAVIAR, CAVIARE: lāvaṇamatsyāṇḍam (?).

CAVIL (v.):
     1 mithyādoṣamāropayati (c. of ruḍ);
     2 avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6): v. To censure.

CAVIL (subs.): mithyādoṣāropaṇam: v. Censure.

CAVILLER: mithyādoṣāropakaḥ: v. Censurer, carper.

CAVITY:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram;
     3 gartaḥ (=hole).

CAW (v.):
     1 kākāyate (nomi.), Mr. v.;
     2 kāyati (ke, c. l) (=to make noise: q. v.). C. ing:
     1 kākarutam;
     2 kākāyitam.

CEASE (v. i.):
     1 viramati (ram, c. l) (with abl.), c. ing to weep vilāpād viratā, R. xiv. 71; when the lion c. d virate mṛgendre, R. ii. 57;
     2 śāmyati pra- upa-, (śam, c. 4) (=to be over), when the rain c. d, śānte pānīyavarṣe, H. iii.; saying this, (he) c. d etāvadabhidhāyopaśaśāma, K.;
     3 viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4) (=to c. for a time), whose flowers have c. d to come out viśrāntapuṣpodgamā, V. iv.;
     4 jahāti (, c. 3) (=to leave off, abandon: q. v.), c. to thirst after money jahīhi dhanāgamatṛṣṇām, J.;
     5 by the use of the negative, c. to grieve mā vyathiṣṭhāḥ, R. xiv. 72.

CEASE (v. t.): v. To stop.

CEASELESS: anavarataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Perpetual, constant.

CEASELESSLY: anavaratam: v. Incessantly, perpetually.

CEDAR: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ

CEDE: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6): v. To give up, yield, surrender.

CEILING: antaḥpaṭalaḥ, Williams.

CELANDINE: arkavṛkṣaḥ: v. Swallow-wort.

CELEBRATE (v. t.):
     I To extol:
     1 kīrtayati, (kīrt, c. 10), to c. one's adventures caritāni kīrta- yati, Ki.;
     2 gāyati upa-, (gai, c. 1) (in verse or song), may your fame be c. d by distinguished men ślokaḥ praśastacaritairupagīyatāṃ te, Vi. vii.;
     3 prathayati: v. Known, to make.
     II To solemnize:
     1 aminandayati (nand, c. l), c d my birth with a festival mahotsavena mama janmābhinanditavān, K.;
     2 anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1) (=to perform: q. v.).

CELEBRATED:
     1 prathitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 khyātaḥ vi-, (tā taṃ);
     3 viśrutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Famous, renowned.

CELEBRATION:
     I A praising: kīrtanam: v. To celebrate, praise.
     II Solemnization
     1 abhinandanam;
     2 anuṣṭhānam (=performance: q. v.).

CELEBRITY;
     I Fame, renown: q. v. Ph.: of c. vikhyātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II A man of c.: vikhyātalokaḥ.

CELERITY:
     1 vegaḥ;
     2 javaḥ: v. Speed, quickness.

CELERY: śākaprabhedaḥ.

CELESTIAL: divyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ): v. Heavenly, divine. Ph.: c. sphere: khagolaḥ.

CELEBACY: anudvāhaḥ; and sim. comp. s: v. Marriage. Living in c. akṛtadāraparigrahaḥ; and sim. comp. s.

CELL:
     I A small cavity: q. v.: gartaḥ.
     II A small apartment:
     1 kṣudrakakṣaḥ;
     2 guptiḥ (of prisoners), Mr.

CELLAR:
     1 guptiḥ;
     2 bhūmigṛham, D.

CELLARER, CELLARIST: guptipālaḥ (?).

CELLULAR: *chidramayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

CEMENT (subs.):
     I Lit.: lepaḥ: v. Mortar, glue.
     II Fig.: bandhanam: v. Bond.

CEMENT (v.): ghaṭayati (ghaṭ. c. 10): v. To glue, to unite.

CEMETERY:
     1 paretāvāsaḥ;
     2 pretavanam;
     3 pitṛkānanam.

CENOBITE: vihāravāsin (f. ): v. Monk.

CENOTAPH: *smaraṇastambhaḥ; (fully) anihitapretaḥ smaraṇastambhaḥ.

CENSE (v.): vāsayati (c. of vas): v. To perfume.

CENSER:
     I For burning incense: dhūṣādhāraḥ (?).
     II A bottle: q. v.

CENSOR:
     I A Roman magistrate: *karanidhātṛ (m.).
     II A captious critic: Perh. parīkṣakaḥ.
     III A public officer to examine manuscripts: *granthaparīkṣakaḥ.

CENSORIOUS:
     1 doṣadarśin (f. );
     2 doṣaiva dṛś (mfn.);
     3 purobhāgin (f. );
     4 ninda vratin (f. ).

CENSORIOUSNESS:
     1 doṣadarśitā;
     2 purobhāgitā

CENSORSHIP:
     I Of the Roman censors : *karanidhātṛpadam.
     II Of the examiners of manuscripts: *granyaparīkṣakapadam.

CENSURABLE: nindyaḥ (f. ndyā), nindanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or nindārhaḥ (f. rhā): v. Faulty.

CENSURABLY: expr. by circumlo.

CENSURE (subs.):
     1 nindā (=blame):
     2 upālambhaḥ (=reproach), I have received this c. from Your Highness mayā kumārādayamupālambho'dhigata Mu. v.;
     3 bhartsanā (reproof);
     4 tira skāraḥ (=abuse, rebuke);
     5 garhā (rare in this sense).

CENSURE (v. t.):
     1 nindati vi- pra-, (nind, c. l.) (=to blame), c. d her figure nininda tasyā rūpam Ku. v. 10;
     2 upālabhate (labh, c. l.) (=to re proach), do not c. me for faults already committed mopālabdhāḥ kṛtairdoṣaiḥ, B. xv. 20.;
     3 bhartsa yati -te nir-, (bharts, c. 10) (=to reprove) c. this wicked (cupid) nirbhatsya tāmayaṃ durācāraḥ, Ki.
     4 dhikkaroti (kṛ, c. 8) (=to say "shame") act in a way that you will not be blamed by good men or c. d by your elders tathā prayatethā yathā na nindyase sādhumiḥ na dhikkriyase gurumiḥ, K.;
     5 tiraskaroti (=to abuse); why have I been c. d without any fault kimityadoṣeṇa tiraskṛtā vayam, Ki. xiv 11.;
     6 garhayati (garh, c. 10) (censure mixec with abhorrence), N. i. 131;
     7 jugupsate (from gup) (6), B. xv. 19.

CENSURER:
     1 nindakaḥ;
     2 upālabdhṛ (m.);
     3 bhartsanākārin (m.);
     4 better expr. by the verb: q. v.

CENSUS:
     1 prajāsaṃkhyānirūpaṇam (?);
     2 lokasaṃkhyānirdhāraṇam (?). To take a c. prajānāṃ saṃkhyāṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10) or nirdhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10) (?).

CENT: Ph. Interest at two, three, four, five per c. per annum dvikaṃ trikaṃ catuṣkaṃ pañcakaṃ śataṃ vārṣikī vṛddhiḥ or vardhe varṣe dvitricatuḥpañcakaṃ śataṃ vṛddhiḥ, M.; our profits are 100 per c. dviguṇā no lābhāḥ, (after M. n.).

CENTAUR: *narāśvaḥ (after narasiṃhaḥ); or *aśvaśarīraḥ (after aśvamukhaḥ)

CENTAURY: oṣadhiviśeṣaḥ.

CENTENARIAN (subs.):
     1 śatavarṣavayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ);
     2 śatavarṣaḥ (rṣā rṣaṃ).

CENTENARY (subs.): śatam. 'A c. of years:'
     1 varṣaśatam;
     2 śatavarṣam.

CENTENARY, CENTENNIAL (adj.): śātavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

CENTIPEDE: An insect;
     1 śatapadī or śatapādikā;
     2 karṇajalaukas (f.).

CENTO: nānāgranthasaṃgṛhītaṃ kāvyam.

CENTRAL:
     1 madhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ) (=middle):
     2 madhyasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ) (c. ly situated):
     3 madhyagataḥ (tā taṃ) (pertaining to the centre).

CENTRALIZATION: Ph. c. of power ekatra śaktiniveśanam (?).

CENTRALIZE (v.) ekatra niveśayati (c. of viś) (?).

CENTRE (subs.):
     I In geo.:
     1 kendram;
     2 madhyabinduḥ, Su., Ph. c. of gravity *ākarṣaṇakendram; c. of motion *ayanakendram.
     II In gen.: madhyam, a staff passing through its c. tanmadhyago daṇḍaḥ, Su., plunging into the c. vigāhya madhyam, Ki. xvi. 13.

CENTRE (v.): Ph. on whom your sons' hope of victory was c. d jayāśā yatra vaddhā sutaiste, Ve. v.

CENTRIC, CENTRICAL: madhyasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ): v. Central.

CENTRIFUGAL: Ph. c. force *kendrāpasāriṇī śaktiḥ, and sim. comp. s.

CENTRIPETAL: Ph. c. force *kendrābhisāriṇī śaktiḥ, and sim. comp. s.

CENTURION: śatayodhapatiḥ (?): gulmapatiḥ (?).

CENTURY:
     I A hundred; q. v.: śatama.
     II A hundred years:
     1 varṣaśatam and sim. comp. s, ten c. s varṣasahasram;
     2 śatavarṣam, and sim. comp. s.

CERATE: saikthālepaḥ (?).

CEREBELLUM: *avaramastiṣkam.

CEREBRAL: Ph. c. letter mūrdhaṇyavarṇaḥ.

CEREBRUM: agramastiṣkam.

CERE-CLOTH, CEREMENT: saikthavasanam, and sim. comp. s(?).

CEREMONIAL (subs.): ācāraḥ: v. Ceremony.

CEREMONIAL, CEREMONIOUS (adj.):
     I Ritual: q. v.
     II Formal: q. v.

CEREMONIOUSLY:
     I Formally: atyādareṇa.
     II With due ceremony: yathāvidhi.

CEREMONIOUSNESS: atyādaraḥ, leave off this c. vimucyatāmayamatyādaraḥ, K.

CEREMONY:
     I A solemn observance: ācāraḥ, observe c. ācāraṃ samācara, Ki. iii. 28;
     2 upacāraḥ (rare). marriage c. pāṇigrahaṇopacāraḥ, Ku.;
     3 vidhiḥ, with due c. vidhivat, R. Ph. master of c. s adhyakṣaḥ; sūtradhāraḥ (of a dramatic company)
     II Pomp: q. v.: āḍambaraḥ.

CERTAIN:
     I Sure, undoubted:
     1 niśicataḥ (tā taṃ) (ascertained), knows victory to be c. niśicataṃ jayamavagacchet, K. vi;
     2 dhruvaḥ (dhru vā dhruvam) (unalterable) know this for c. dhruvametadavehi, Ki. ii. 22.:
     3 avaśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ) (=inevitable), death is c. maraṇamavaśyam, Ve. iii.;
     4 asandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ) (=undoubted q. v.);
     5 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ) (=fixed).
     II Convinced: Ph. yet I do not feel c. from terror punastathāpyatibhayenāniścayaḥ, V. ii.; when he was c. that I could not be dissuaded yadā neyaṃ śakyate vyāvartayitumiti niścayamadhigatavān, K. III. Particular, but undefined: kaścit (kācit kiñcit), a c. young woman kācidyuvatiḥ D.; in c. systems kāsucicchākhāsu, S. iv. 1. v. Some.

CERTAINLY:
     I Assuredly:
     1 avaśyam (without failure), what would c. take place avaśyambhāvin (f. ). H;
     2 dhruvam (=unalterably), would c. have victory dhruvaṃ jayāḥ (bhavanti) (with gen.), Ka. xv. 12,
     3 nūnam (=surely), c. he is not as his dress (i. e. as he looks) nūnaṃ tathā naiṣa yathāsya veṣaḥ, Ki.;
     4 asaṃśayam: v. Undoubtedly;
     5 niyatam (fixedly); would c. give permission niyatamanujñāsyati, D.;
     6 niścitam, N. com.
     II In replies, to denote emphatic assent: expr. by repetition: is this your resolution? c. eṣa te niścayaḥ? bāḍham eṣa me sthiro niścayaḥ, Mu. i.

CERTAINNESS, CERTITUDE: v. Certainty (I)

CERTAINTY:
     I Freedom from doubt:
     1 niścayaḥ;
     2 sthiratā (=fixedness);
     3 asandigdhatā (=undoubtedness).
     II Anything certain; expr. by the adj., forsaking c. s dhruvāṇi parityajya, H. i.

CERTIFICATE: *nidarśanam, c. of good behaviour *sadvyavahāranidarśanam.

CERTIFY:
     I To attest: *nidarśayati (c. of dṛś).
     II To inform; q. v. vijñāpayati.
     III To verify: q. v.

CERULIAN:
     1 nīlaḥ (lā laṃ):
     2 asitaḥ (tā taṃ) (poet).

CERUMEN:
     1 karṇamalam;
     2 tokmam;
     3 karṇaguthaḥ.

CERUSE: śvetarañjanam (?); sīsakaviśeṣaḥ.

CESSATION:
     1 virāmaḥ;
     2 viratiḥ;
     3 śamaḥ pra- upa-, (=being over);
     4 viśrāmaḥ or viśrāntiḥ (for a time); nivṛttiḥ (=ending). C. of arms. avahāraḥ. Without c.: avirataḥ (, ): v. Incessant, -ly.

CESSION:
     1 utsargaḥ;
     2 dānam;
     3 samarpaṇam.

CESSMENT: v. Assessment, tax.

CESTUS:
     I A girdle: mekhalā.
     II For hands: aṅgulitram.

CETACEOUS: timijātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

CHAFE (v. i.):
     1 kṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4);
     2 kṣobhaṃ gacchati, Si.

CHAFE (v. t.):
     I To rub: kaṇḍūyati -te, c. d the doe mṛgīmakaṇḍūyata, Ku. ii. To irritate: q. v.: kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh).
     III To fall: q. v.

CHAFE (subs.):
     I Rubbing: kaṇḍūyanam.
     II Irritation: kṣobhaḥ.

CHAFER: kīṭabhedaḥ: v. Beetle.

CHAFF (subs.):
     I Lit:
     1 tuṣaḥ;
     2 buṣam;
     3 tuccham. To remove the c. nirvuṣīkartum, M. n.
     II Fig.: v. Rubbish.

CHAFF (v.): parihasati (has, c. l): v. To joke.

CHAFFER:
     I Intrans.: v. To bargain; negotiate.
     II Trans: v. To buy.

CHAFFINCH: kṣudrapakṣibhedaḥ.

CHAFFLESS:
     1 nistuṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     2 nirbuṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ); and sim. comp. s.

CHAFFY:
     I Containing chaff:
     1 satuṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (=with c.);
     2 tuṣamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (=consisting of c.).
     II Resembling c.: tuṣopamaḥ (mā maṃ)
     III Light, worthless: q. v.

CHAFING (of the skin): kaṇḍūyanam.

CHAFING-DISH:
     1 aṅgāradhānikā;
     2 aṅgāraśakaṭī.

CHAGRIN (subs.): manyuḥ: v. Vexation, illhumour.

CHAGRIN (v.): v. To vex, mortify.

CHAIN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 (śṛṅghalaḥ (lā laṃ), silver c. rajataśṛṅghalam, D.;
     2 nigaḍaḥ (=fetter);
     3 bandhanam (=bond).
     II Fig.:
     1 śṛṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 nigaḍaḥ;
     3 bandhaḥ.
     III A series: q. v. paramparā. Ph., a c. of mountains: parvataśreṇī.

CHAIN (v. t.): śṛṅgalena or nigaḍena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9).

CHAINED:
     1 nigaḍitaḥ (tā taṃ), with c. feet nigaḍitacaraṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 śṛṅghalitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CHAIR (subs):
     I Lit.:
     1 *caukiḥ, easy c. *ārāmacaukiḥ; armed c. *bāhuyuktacaukiḥ;
     2 pīṭham (=stool):
     3 āsanam (= any seat).
     II Office: q. v.: pīṭham (?), who fills the c. of chemistry now- *samprati kenādhiṣṭhitaṃ rasāyanapīṭham.

CHAIRMAN:
     I President: q. v.: sabhāpatiḥ
     II One who carries a chair: caukivāhaḥ.

CHALCEDONY: gomedaḥ (?).

CHALICE: caṣakaḥ: v. Cup.

CHALK (subs.):
     1 kaṭhinī;
     2 khaṭikā;
     3 dhātūpalaḥ. Red c.: gairikam.

CHALK (v. t.): kaṭhinyā or khaṭikayā cihnayati (cihna, c. 10.) or aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.)

CHALK OUT (v. t.): nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.), a c. ed out path nirdiṣṭamārgaḥ.

CHALKY:
     I Abounding in c.: kaṭhinīmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).
     II Resembling c.: kaṭhinīsadṛśa (śī śaṃ).

CHALLENGE (v. t.):
     I To call out:
     1 āhva- yate (hve, c. l), Shishupāla fearlessly c. d Krishna gatabhīrāhvayata cedirāṇmurārim, Si. xx. 1.;
     2 ākārayati (c. of kṛ), to c. to war pradhanāyākārayitum, Si. xvi. 52.
     II To defy: q. v.
     III To object to (as jurors) dūṣayati (c. of duṣ) (?).
     IV To claim, demand: q. v.

CHALLENGE (subs.):
     I Calling out to fight: āhvānama.
     II Defiance: q. v.
     III Claim, demand: q. v.
     IV In law: dūṣaṇam (?)

CHALLENGER: āhvānakārin (m.).

CHALYBEATE (adj.): lauhagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ) (?), and sim. comp. s.

CHAMBER:
     I A room: q. v.: koṣṭhaḥ.
     II A bedchamber: q. v.
     III A close space: koṣṭhaḥ (?). Ph. C. of commerce: vaṇiksabhā (?).

CHAMBERLAIN: kañcu kin (m.) (?).

CHAMBER-MAID: *koṣṭhadāsī.

CHAMBER-POT: mūtrādhāraḥ.

CHAMELEON:
     1 kṛkalāsaḥ;
     2 saraṭaḥ;
     3 kulāhakaḥ;
     4 pratisūryaḥ -kaḥ.

CHAMFER:
     I Verb: v. To groove, channel.
     II Subs.: v. Groove.

CHAMOIS: Perh: ruruḥ; vātamṛgaviśeṣaḥ.

CHAMOMILE: oṣadhiprabhedaḥ.

CHAMP (v.): dantairniṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To bile.

CHAMPAGNE: madyaviśeṣaḥ; *drākṣāsavaḥ.

CHAMPAIGN (subs.): i. e. c. country: samabhūmiḥ: v. Plain.

CHAMPIGNON: A kind of mushroom: v. Mushroom.

CHAMPION:
     I Lit.:
     1 yodhaḥ:
     2 bhaṭaḥ.
     II Fig.: Defender: q. v.: goptṭa (m.), c. of liberty *goptā svādhīnatāyāḥ.

CHANCE (subs.):
     I An accident: daivam (=fate: q. v.), disregarding c. daivaṃ nihatya, H. Ph.: by c. daivāt. v. Accidentally; game of c. akṣādikrīḍā.
     II Any thing of c.: expr. by daivāyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) or daivādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ), hight birth is c. daivāyattaṃ kule janma, Ve.
     III Possibility of an occurrence sambhavaḥ (?), theory of c. s *sambhavavijñānam.

CHANCE (v. i.): expr. by daivāt, etc.; I. c. d to be there daivāttatrāhamabhavam: v. Accidentally.

CHANCEL: vṛtiḥ.

CHANCELLOR: prāḍvivākaḥ (?); mukhyavicārakaḥ (?). C. of the exchequer: koṣādhīśaḥ; C. of a university: *viśvavidyālayādhīśaḥ.

CHANCELLORSHIP: prāḍvivākapadam (?) etc.: v. Office and chancellor.

CHANCERY: *prāḍvivākakulam.

CHANDELIER: dīpapādapaḥ (?); śikhātaruḥ (?).

CHANDLER:
     I Lit: *vartikāraḥ.
     II Any dealer: q. v.

CHANGE (v. t.):
     I To alter:
     1 parivartayati (c. of vṛt) or parivarttaṃ parivartanaṃ or parivṛttiṃ karoti, should c. the deed karaṇaṃ parivartayet, M.; what, she had c. d her voice kathaṃ svaraparivartaḥ kṛtaḥ, Mr. i.;
     2 by anyaḥ (nyā nyat) or bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) or antaraaffixed: as if you are c. d in appearance tvamanyamākāramivābhipannaḥ. Ki. iii. 43.
     II To substitute one for another: c. ing our rings aṅgulīyakavinimayaṃ kṛtvā, D. ii.
     III To exchange:
     1 parivartayati (?);
     2 by circulo: go and c. this note *patramidaṃ dattvā ṭaṅkamānaya.

CHANGE (v. i.):
     1 parivartate (vṛt, c. l), my character has c. d with my appearance rūpeṇaiva saha parivṛtto me svamāvaḥ, D. iii.; in a moment, it c. s for me into samething else kṣaṇena tanme parivartate'nyathā, V.;
     2 by anyaḥ (nyā nyat) or bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) ar antara- affixed and a verb: seeing that its colour c. d in a golden vessel kanakabhājane varṇāntaramupagatamupalabhya, Mu.

CHANGE (subs.):
     I Alteration:
     1 parivṛttiḥ parivartaḥ or parivartanam (best equiv.), c. of dress veṣaparivartanam, Sah.: in this world, full of c. parivartini saṃsāre, P.;
     2 viparyayaḥ (incongruous c.), c. of vehicles pravahāṇāṃ viparyayaḥ, Mr.; c. of dress veṣaviparyayaḥ, P. i. 3.;
     3 vikāraḥ vikṛtiḥ or vikrithā (c. of form or nature: gen. for worse), even at death, there is no c. in the character of the good: prāṇānte'pi prakṛtivikṛtirjāyate nottamānām, Ma. n;
     4 pariṇāmaḥ (c. brought by time), D. s. Ph.: O, what a c. in the sites of these places aho anavasthito bhūmisanniveśaḥ, U. ii.
     II Of Government: parivartaḥ or parivṛttiḥ
     III Exchange: q. v.
     IV Small coins, etc.: kṣudramudrā (?). Ph. give me c. for a 10-rupee note *daśaṭaṅkapatraṃ gṛhītvā ṭaṅkān dehi.

CHANGEABLE:
     I Mutable, variable: q. v.
     II Fickle, inconstant: q. v.

CHANGEABLENESS: v. Mutability, fickleness, inconstancy.

CHANGELESS:
     I Immutable: q. v.
     II Constant: q. v.

CHANGELING: parivartitaśiśuḥ (?).

CHANGER:
     I Lit.: parivartakārin (f. ṇī).
     II A money-c.: q. v.

CHANNEL (subs.):
     I The bed of a stream: garbhaḥ.
     II Current: q. v.: srotas (n.)
     III A canal: praṇālī.
     IV A strait.: q. v.: *sāgarasandhiḥ.
     V A furrow, as in a column: rekhā.
     VI Means of conveying (as of news): mārgaḥ.

CHANNEL (v. t.):
     I To cut channels in: kulyāḥ khanati (khan, c. 2.), or karoti (with loc.),
     II To groove: q. v.

CHANT (v.): gāyati (gai, c. l.): To sing. C. er gāyakaḥ: v. Singer.

CHANT (subs.): gītam: v. Song.

CHANTRY: *gītamandiram:.

CHAOS:
     I Lit.: Ph. it was (all) c. āsīdidantamobhūtam, M. i. 5.
     II Fig.: v. Confusion, disorder.

CHAOTIC:
     I Lit.: Ph. the world was in a c. state: prakṛtau līnaṃ viśvamāsīt, V. p. com.
     II Confused: q. v.

CHAP (subs.):
     I A man or body: q. v.: māṇavakaḥ.
     II A cleft or gap: q. v. Ph.: c. in the feet. pādadārī.

CHAPEL: dharmamandiram: v. Church.

CHAPLAIN: purohitaḥ; ācāryaḥ.

CHAPLAINCY, CHAPLAINSHIP: paurohityam; ācāryatvam.

CHAPLET:
     1 mālā;
     2 sraj (f.): v. Garland. C. of beads: akṣamālā. C. on a peacock's head: śikhā.

CHAPMAN: āpaṇikaḥ: v. Trader.

CHAPTER:
     I A division of a book:
     1 adhyāyaḥ;
     2 paricchedaḥ (=section);
     3 ucchvāsaḥ (rare).
     II A body of canons *kenanasampradāyaḥ; dharmopāsakāḥ (m. pl.).
     III Their meeting: kenanasabhā.

CHAPTER-HOUSE: kenanasabhāgāram; dharmaśālā (?).

CHAR (v. t.): aṅgārīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

CHAR, CHARE:
     I Subs: v. Job.
     II Verb: v. To perform, do.

CHARACTER:
     I A distinctive mark:
     1 akṣaram, the c. s agree saṃvadantyakṣarāṇi, Mu. v.;
     2 varṇa (mn.).
     II Moral qualities collectively:
     1 śīlam, whose caste and c. is not known: ajñātakulaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ), H.; possessed of c.: śīlasamanvitaḥ (tā taṃ), Mr.;
     2 svabhāvaḥ, of a fallen c.: naṣṭasvabhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ), M. n.;
     3 caritram or cāritram, even (my) c. has been stained: cāritramapi dūṣitam, Mr. iii. Ph.: a bad c.:
     1 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 asat (f. ), by checking bad c. s: niyamanādasatām, R. ix. 6.
     III Reputation: q. v.
     IV Nature, characteristic: q. v. V. Quality, capacity: rūpam. Ph.: assuming the c. of an astrologer: kārtāntiko nāma bhūtvā, D. VI. A person sp. in a play: aṅgin (m.) (?): v. Part, person. Leading c. nāyakaḥ (the man), nāyikā (the woman).
     VII Account, description: q. v.

CHARACTERISTIC (adj.):
     1 svābhāvikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Natural;
     2 viśeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ): v. Peculiar.

CHARACTERISTIC (subs.): svabhāvaḥ (=nature: q. v.), this is the c. of benevolent men svabhāva evaiṣa paropakāriṇām, Sa.;
     2 lakṣaṇam (mark: q. v.), the c.s of a bold woman: pragalbhālakṣaṇam, Sah.

CHARACTERISTICALLY: sahajarītyā (?); svabhāvānuyāyi (?).

CHARACTERIZE: (v.)
     I To be a characteristic of: expr. by subs.: this c. s him: eṣa tasya svabhāvaḥ.
     II To assign a character to:
     1 varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.): v. To describe.

CHARADE: sarvatobhadraḥ (?)

CHARCOAL: aṅgāra (mn.); alātam (rare).

CHARGE (v.):
     I To attack: q. v.: abhiyunakti (yuj, c. 7.).
     II To accuse: q. v.: abhiyunakti.
     III To load: q. v. Ph.: to c. a gun *vandukaṃ pūrayati.
     IV To command or exhort: q. v.: śāsti (śās, c. 2.). V. To regard as a debt (?): yācate (yāc, c. l.) (=ask), to c. interest: vṛddhiṃ yācate; to c. for delivery: samarpaṇavyayaṃ yācate (?).

CHARGE (subs.):
     I Attack: q. v.: abhiyogaḥ
     II Accusation: q. v.: abhiyogaḥ.
     III Burden, load: q. v.
     IV Injunction: q. v.
     V A trust: q. v.: nikṣepaḥ.
     VI Care, management: q. v.: rakṣā or rakṣaṇaṃ, to give in c.: rakṣaṇārthaṃ dadāti.
     VII Money to be paid:
     1 vyayaḥ (=expense);
     2 arthaḥ (=price);
     3 deyam.

CHARGEABLE:
     I Subject to be accused: abhiyojyaḥ (jyā jyaṃ).
     II S. to a claim: c. with taxes: deyaśulkaḥ (lkā lkaṃ) (?).
     III Attributable: q. v.
     IV Burdensome: q. v.

CHARGER:
     I A large dish: pātram.
     II A warhorse: vājin (m.): v. Horse.

CHARILY: v. Sparingly.

CHARINESS: v. Parsimony.

CHARIOT:
     1 rathaḥ, to step a c. rathaṃ sthāpayati, v.;
     2 syandanaḥ, to drive a c. syandanaṃ vāhayati, Ku.: v. Carriage. One who fights from a c. rathin (m.), Mah; c. -race: rathacaryā (?), K.; divine c. vimāna (mn.), Vi.

CHARIOTEER:
     1 sārathiḥ;
     2 sūtaḥ;
     3 niyantṛ;
     4 yantṛ (m.);
     5 kṣattṛ (m.);
     6 rathavāhakaḥ.

CHARITABLE:
     I Liberal, bountiful: q. v.: vadānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ).
     II Benevolent, kind: q. v.: udāraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Favourable: q. v.: anukūlaḥ (lā laṃ). Ph.: c. dispensary *dānārtham auṣadhālayaḥ; c. institution *dānaprabhavā śālā.

CHARITABLY: sadayam: v. Kindly, favourably.

CHARITY:
     I Love: bhūtānukampā, R. II. Liberality: q. v.: vadānyatā. An act of c.:
     1 pūrtam (of public c.);
     2 dattam (of private c.), by acts of c. pūrtadattasāghanaiḥ, S. III. The disposition to form kindly judgment: audāryam.

CHARLATAN:
     1 narendrābhimānin (m.) (=a quack-doctor), D.;
     2 kalābhimānin (m.) (in gen.): v. Quack.

CHARLATANRY:
     1 kalābhimānitvam (in gen. sense);
     2 narendrābhimānitvam (medical quackery).

CHARLES'S WAIN:
     1 saptarṣayaḥ (m. pl.);
     2 citraśikhaṇḍinaḥ (m. pl.).

CHARLOCK: sarṣapajātīyalatāviśeṣaḥ.

CHARM (subs.):
     I A magic spell: mantraḥ, a snake-cakSer who is not versed in c. s and medicinal plants amantrauṣadhikuśalo vyālagrāhī, Mu.
     II An amulet:
     1 rakṣākaraṇḍaḥ, Sa.;
     2 aparājitā (a plant used as a c.), Sa.;
     III Anything that fascinates:
     1 by the adj.: v. C.ing;
     2 manoharatvam etc., collecting the scattered c. s bahudhāgatāṃ kamanīyatāṃ samabhihṛtya, Ki. Ph.: c. of beauty: rūpalāvaṇyam; rūpasampad (f.), K.

CHARM (v. t.):
     I Lit.: mantrairvaśīkaroti.
     II To allay, assuage: q. v.
     III To enchant:
     1 mohayati pari- (c. of muh), let (it) not c. you: bhavantaṃ mā mūmuhat, Ma.;
     2 harati (hṛ, c. l.) (=to allure), c. d the king dharādhipañjahāra, R. ix. 69.;
     3 ramayati (c. of ram) (=to delight: q. v.).

CHARMER:
     I Lit.: mantrajñaḥ: v. Magician.
     II An enchanter: q. v.

CHARMING (adj.):
     1 manoharaḥ (rā raṃ), and sim. comp. s, c. lake hṛdayahāri saraḥ, K.;
     2 mohanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     3 kamanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Beautiful, pleasing.

CHARMINGLY: expr. by adj. or by past indeclinable part.

CHARNEL-HOUSE: mṛtānāmasthisañcayasthānam.

CHART: *sāmudracitram: v. Map.

CHARTER (subs.): śāsanam śāsa or napatram (?).

CHARTER (v.):
     I To grant a c. to: śāsanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (?), M. n.
     II To hire or let (a ship): q. v.

CHARTERPARTY: *potabhāṭakasabhayaḥ.

CHARY: v. Sparing, close.

CHASE (v. t.):
     I To hunt, pursue: q. v.: mṛgyati or mṛgayate (mṛg, c. 4 and 10).
     II To chase away or off: i. e. to drive away: q. v.: nirasyati (as, c. 4.).
     III To engrave: q. v.

CHASE (subs.):
     I Hunting: q. v.: mṛgayā.
     II Pursuit: q. v.: vimārgaṇam.
     III An open hunting ground: anāvṛtā mṛgayābhūmiḥ.
     IV That which is chased: mṛgyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ).

CHASER:
     I Engraver: q. v.
     II Hunting: q. v.

CHASM:
     1 randhram;
     2 darī;
     3 vilam.

CHASTE:
     I Of morals:
     1 satī (a c. woman);
     2 śuci (mfn.).
     II Pure, correct: q. v.: viśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

CHASTELY:
     I Of morals: śuci.
     II Of language: viśuddham.

CHASTEN, CHASTENING: v. Chastise, chastisement.

CHASTENESS: v. Chastity.

CHASTISE (v. t.):
     1 nigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To punish;
     2 upālabhate (labh, c. l) (reprove).

CHASTISEMENT: nigrahaḥ, I will inflict proper c. on you: tava yathocitaṃ nigrahaṃ karomi, P.: v. Punishment.

CHASTISER:
     1 nigrahītṛ (m.);
     2 nigrahakārin (m.): v. Punisher.

CHASTITY:
     I Female c.: satītvam.
     II Control of the passions: jitendriyatvam.
     III Purity of style: viśuddhiḥ, Ki. xiv. 5.

CHAT (v. i.): viśrabdham ālapati (lap, c. l.): v. To converse.

CHAT (subs.):
     1 viśrambhālāpaḥ;
     2 saṅkathāḥ v. Conversation.

CHATTELS: asthāvarasampattiḥ (moveable property): v. Goods.

CHATTER (v. i.):
     I To utter inarticulate sounds:
     1 kilakilāyate (nomi.) (of the monkey);
     2 caṭacaṭāyate (nomi.) (as in frying);
     3 kikikaroti (of the jay);
     4 cūṅkaroti (of young birds).
     II To jabber: jalpati (jalp, c. l).
     III Of the teeth: 'with c. ing teeth' dantairdantānniṣpīḍya.

CHATTER, CHATTERING (subs.):
     I An inarticulate sound:
     1 kilakilāravaḥ, D;
     2 caṭacaṭāśabdaḥ, Mah. etc.
     II Idle talk: jalpitam: v. Babble.
     III Of teeth: dantasaṅgharṣaṇam.

CHATTERBOX:
     1 vācāṭaḥ;
     2 vācālaḥ: v. Babbler.

CHATTY: saṃlāpin (f. ): v. Talkative.

CHEAP:
     I Of small cost:
     1 alpārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     2 alpabhūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ);
     3 alpārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ).
     II Easily procurable: sulabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ), and sim. comp. s.

CHEAPEN:
     1 sulabhīkaroti (?);
     2 mūlyaṃ pātayati (c. of pat) (?).

CHEAPLY, CHEAP (adv.):
     1 alpamūlyena, very c. alpīyasā mūlyena, D.
     2 alpārgheṇa.

CHEAPNESS:
     1 alpamūlyatā;
     2 alpārdhatā;
     3 sulabhatvaṃ tā. For dif.: V. Cheap.

CHEAT (v. t.):
     1 vañcate or vañcayate pra- pari-, (vañc, c. l. and 10.), (that) you will not be c. ed by rogues: na vañcyase dhūrtaiḥ, K.;
     2 pratārayati (c. of tṝ): v. To deceive;
     3 vipralabhate (labh, c. 1.) (rare), I see none, who was not firmly embraced and at the same time c. ed by her (fortune): na hi taṃ paśyāmi yo hyanayā na nirbharamupagūḍho yo vā na vipralabdhaḥ, K.;
     4 chalayati (nomi.), Gi. i. 16.;
     5 abhisandhatte (dhā, c. 3.), by c. ing her imāmabhisandhāya, Sa. N. B. Note how the indirect object is expressed in Sanskrit: you have c. ed me of my property: *vañcayitvā matsampattiṃ hṛto'si.

CHEAT (subs.):
     I Cheating:
     1 vañcanā,
     2 pratāraṇā: v. Deception.
     II A cheater:
     1 vañcakaḥ pra-,
     2 pratārakaḥ: v. Rogue.

CHECK (v. t.)
     I To restrain, curb, stop: q. v.: ni-yacchati saṃ-, (yam, c. l.).
     II To reprove: q. v.
     III Of accounts: Perh: saṃśodhayati (c. of śudh).

CHECK (subs.):
     I Restraint, hindrance: q. v.: pratibandhaḥ. Without c.: nirargalam, N.
     II A cheque: q. v.

CHECKER: v. Chequer.

CHECKMATE:
     1 *mātayati (nomi.), c. d. *mātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 niścalaḥ (lā laṃ) karoti (?).
     3 hanti (han, c. 2.), Rādhākānta.

CHEEK:
     1 kapolaḥ;
     2 gaṇḍaḥ;
     3 gallaḥ (rare).

CHEEK-BONE: kapolāsthi (n.), and sim. comp. s.

CHEER (subs.):
     I A shout of joy: harṣanisvanaḥ ānandaninādaḥ, and sim. comp. s, with the c. s of the soldiers sainikaharṣanisvanaiḥ, R. iii. 61.
     II A state of the mind: sphūrtiḥ, Ph.: 'be of good c.' samāśvasihi.
     III Entertainment: good c. bhojanaviśeṣāṇi (n. pl.), H. IV. Countenance: q. v.

CHEER (v. t.):
     I To gladden: q. v.: abhinandayati (c. of nand).
     II To comfort: q. v.: samāśvāsayati (c. of śvas).
     III To salute or encourage with c. s harṣanisvanairabhinandayati.
     IV To incite: q. v.

CHEER, CHEER UP (v. i.) sam-āśvasiti (śvasa, c. 2.), K.

CHEERFUL: prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Joyful, lively. "C. shouts" harṣakilakilāravaḥ D. vi.

CHEERFULLY: Ph.: let the accomplished enjoy it c.: ta- tsuprasannamanasaḥ kṛtino bhajantām, Vi. i: v. Gladly, joyfully.

CHEERFULNESS: prasannatā or prasādaḥ: v. Liveliness.

CHEERLESS:
     1 viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ);
     2 aprasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     3 nirānandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ).

CHEESE: *paṇiram, c. monger: *paṇiravikretṛ (f. trī).

CHEESF-CAKE: *paṇirapiṣṭakaḥ.

CHEMICAL: rāsāyanaḥ (nī naṃ) (?), c. property: *rāsāyanadharmaḥ; c. combination: *rāsāyanasaṃyogaḥ.

CHEMICALLY: *rāsāyananiyamānusāreṇa, and sim. comp. s.

CHEMISE:
     1 calanam (?);
     2 yutakam (?).

CHEMIST:
     I Lit.: rasāyanavidra (mfn.) (?); rasāyanapravīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (?); and sim. comp. s.
     II A druggist: q. v.

CHEMISTRY: rasāyanam (?); padārthānāṃ śleṣaviśleṣapariṇāmavijñānam. Inorganic c. *bhūtarasāyanam; organic c.: *vyūḍharasāyanam; practical c. *prayogarasāyanam.

CHEQUE: *dhanapatram; dhanāgārāddhanadānārthamanujñāpatram.

CHEQUER:
     I Lit: Ph.: with body c. ed with rainbow like-lines ākhaṇḍalacāpānukāribhirlekhābhiḥ kalmāṣitaśarīraḥ, K.: v. To variegate.
     II To vary: miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.): v. To mix.

CHEQUERED:
     I Lit.:
     1 karburaḥ (rā raṃ) or karburitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śavalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 kalmāṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Fig.: Ph.: whose life is not c.? kasyātyantaṃ sukhamupanataṃ duḥkhamekāntato vā, Me.

CHEQUER-WORK: v. Tessellated, mosaic.

CHERISH:
     I To foster, nurture: q. v.:
     1 lālayati (lal, c. 10.) (of childern);
     2 pālayati (pāl, c. 10.) to c. virtue dharmaṃ pālayati, M. n.
     II To entertain, bear: badhnāti anu-, (bandh, c. 9.) (with loc.), c. ed great hatred (towards her) dveṣamalpetaraṃ babandha, D. vi.; who has c. ed enmity from before pūrvānubaddhavairaḥ, Mr.

CHERISHER: pālayitṛ (f. trī): v. Encourager, supporter.

CHERRY:
     I A fruit: *ceriphalaṃ.
     II A tree *cerivṛkṣaḥ.

CHERUB: *kiṃrūpaḥ; īśvaradūtaviśeṣaḥ.

CHERVIL: *parṇabhodā; oṣadhiviśeṣaḥ.

CHESS: caturaṅgam. C. -board:
     1 śāriphalam;
     2 aṣṭapādam. King of c.: rājā; queen: rājñī; bishop: gajaḥ; knight: aśvaḥ; castle: nauḥ; pawn: padātiḥ; c. man: śāraḥ.

CHEST:
     I A box: q. v.: peṭikā.
     II The thorax, breast: q. v.: uras (n.), broad-c. ed vyūḍhoraskaḥ (skā skaṃ), R.

CHESTNUT (adj.): v. Red, brown. A c. horse: ukanāhaḥ (rare).

CHESTNUT (subs.): phalaviśeṣaḥ. C.-tree: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE: v. Turnpike.

CHEVALIER: sādin (m.): v. Knight.

CHEW (v. t.): carvati or carvayati (carv, c. l. and 10.). To c. the cud: romantham abhyasyati (asa, c. 4.), Sa ii. or romanthāyate (nomi.).

CHEWING (subs.): carvaṇam. Food which requires c. carvyam.

CHICANE (subs.):
     1 chalam;
     2 kapaṭaḥ.

CHICANE (v.): chalaṃ prayunakti (yuj, c. 7.): v. To use.

CHICANERY:
     1 kapaṭaḥ, skilful in following c.: kapaṭānusārakuśalaḥ, Mr.:
     2 chalam, c. is not admitted here: chalamatra na gṛhyate, Mr.: v. Trick, sophistry.

CHICCORY: śākaprabhedaḥ.

CHICK, CHICKEN: kukkuṭaśāvaḥ (of the hen); śāvaḥ (any young).

CHICKEN-HEARTED: i. e. timid, cowardly: q. v.

CHICKEN-POX: sarṣapikā, Bha; bālānāṃ rogabhedaḥ.

CHICK-PEA: caṇakaḥ.

CHICK-WEED: oṣadhiviśeṣaḥ.

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CHIDE:
     I To reprove, scold: q. v.: bhartsayati nir-, (bharts, c. 10.), but she chid her and rejected (her proposal): sā caināṃ nirbhartsayantī pratyācacakṣe.
     II To roar: q. v.: rasati (ras, c. l.).

CHIDER: nirbhartsayitṛ (f. trī): v. Reprover.

CHIDING (subs.): bhartsanā: v. Reproof.

CHIEF (adj.):
     1 pradhānaḥ (nā naṃ), c. men (of a state) pradhānapuruṣavargaḥ, Mu. iii.; c. est reason: pradhānatamaṃ kāraṇam, Mu. iv.;
     2 mukhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ), c. minister: mukhyamantrī, P.;
     3 agraḥ (grā graṃ) or agrimaḥ (mā maṃ) (=front, first), c. seat: agrāsanam, Mu.;
     4 vṛndārakaḥ (kā kaṃ) rare: v. Also, first, great.

CHIEF (subs.):
     1 īśaḥ (=lord: q. v.), the c. of Kamroop: kāmarūpāṇāmīśaḥ, R. iv. 83.;
     2 patiḥ adhi-, (=master: q. v.), c. of a clan: gaṇapatiḥ, Ki.;
     3 nāyakaḥ (=leader), c. of policemen ārakṣakanāyakaḥ, D.;
     4 by the adj. (rare), c. of Rākshashas: nṛbhujāṃ pradhānaḥ, B.;
     5 agraṇī, and sim. comp. s.

CHIEFLY:
     1 pradhānataḥ (=principally);
     2 viśeṣeṇa (=especially);
     3 prāyeṇa (= mostly).

CHIEFTAIN: īśaḥ: v. Chief (subs.).

CHILBLAIN:
     1 vipādikā (of the feet);
     2 hastasphoṭaḥ (?) (of the hand).

CHILD:
     I A boy or girl: q. v.:
     1 śiśuḥ;
     2 arbhakaḥ (rare);
     3 pṛthukaḥ (rare);
     4 ḍimbhaḥ (rare).
     II With reference to parents, a son or daughter: q. v.:
     1 apatyam;
     2 sūnuḥ (mf.);
     3 santānaḥ;
     4 tokam (rare). In addressing children vatsa (m.) and vatsā (f.) is generally used. To be with c.: putriṇī, Mah: v. Pregnant.

CHILD-BEARING: v. Child-birth. Past c.: niṣphalā (rare).

CHILD-BED: prasavāvasthā. In c.: jāyamāne santāne, and sim. expr. s.

CHILD-BIRTH:
     1 prasavaḥ; from the pains of c. prasavavedanayā, K.: up to c.: ā prasavāt, Sr.;
     2 prajananam, Sr.;
     3 garbhanirgamaḥ, Sr.

CHILDHOOD:
     1 śaiśavam;
     2 bālyam;
     3 kaumāram;
     4 śaiśavāvasthā;
     5 bālyakālaḥ.

CHILDISH:
     I Pertaining to a child: expressed by gen. or comp.
     II Puerile, silly: q. v.: bāliśaḥ (śā śaṃ), why do you entertain c. sentiments kiṃ bāliśamatimāsthito'si, Mah.

CHILDISHLY:
     1 bālavat;
     2 śiśurivaḥ v. Child and like.

CHILDISHNESS:
     1 śiśutvam (rare), N. iii. 15.;
     2 bāliśyam or bāliśatā.

CHILDLESS:
     1 nirapatyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ);
     2 anapatyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ);
     3 niḥsantānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     4 aputraḥ (trā traṃ).

CHILDLESSNESS:
     1 nirapatyatā or anapatyatā;
     2 niḥsantānatā.

CHILDLIKE:
     1 bālarūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 śiśusadṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ); and sim. comp. s.

CHILL (subs.):
     I Lit.: śītam: v. Cold.
     II Fig.: v. Discouragement.

CHILL (adj.):
     I Cold: q. v.: śītaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Affected with cold: śītārtaḥ (rtā rtaṃ), and sim. comp. s
     III Dejected: q. v.: viṣaṇṇaḥ (f. ṇṇā).

CHILL (v. t.):
     I To cool: q. v.
     II To discourage: q. v.

CHILLI: raktamarīcam; laṅkāmarīcam.

CHILLINESS: śaityam: v. Coldness.

CHILLY: śiśiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cold.

CHIME (subs.):
     I Harmony: q. v.
     II Harmonious sound, as of bells: (?). ghaṇṭāravaḥ.

CHIME (v.):
     I To sound: q. v.: vādayati (c. of vad).
     II To harmonise, correspond: q. v.

CHIMERA: kapolakalpitam: v. Fancy, phantom.

CHIMERICAL: v. Imaginary, empty.

CHIMNEY:
     I Hearth: q. v.
     II A passage for the exit of smoke: dhūmanālī.
     III Of a lamp: *cuṅgī.

CHIMNEY-CORNER: cullikoṇaḥ: v. Hearth.

CHIMNEY-PIECE: culliveṣṭanam.

CHIMNEY-SWEEPER: *dhūmanālīmārjakaḥ.

CHIMPANZEE: vanamānuṣaḥ (?); vānaraviśeṣaḥ.

CHIN:
     1 civukam;
     2 civu (n.) (rare).

CHINA (adj.): cīna-, c. clay *cīnamṛttikā; c. orange: nāraṅgam; c. -rose: javā; c. -silk cīnam (?).

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CHINA (subs.): i. e.: c. -ware: *cīnapātram.

CHINE:
     I The back-bone: q. v.
     II A piece of meat: Perh.: pṛṣṭham.

CHINK (subs.):
     I A fissure: chidram.
     II Tinkling: śiñjitam.

CHINK (v.):
     I To crack: q. v.
     II To jingle: q. v.

CHINKY: chidraśatairalaṅkṛ taḥ (tā taṃ): v. Gaping.

CHINTZ: *citrakārpāsam.

CHIP (subs.): khaṇḍaḥ, a c. of wood kāṣṭhakhaṇḍaḥ: v. Piece.

CHIP (v. t.): khaṇḍaśaḥ chinatti (chid, c. 7.) or kṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.).

CHIRP (v.): vi-rauti (ru, c. 2.): v. Noise, to make.

CHIRP, CHIRPING: virāvaḥ: v. Noise.

CHIRETTA: the plant:
     1 bhūnimbaḥ;
     2 kirātatiktaḥ.

CHISEL (subs.):
     1 vṛkṣādanaḥ;
     2 vṛkṣabhedin (m.).

CHISEL (v. t.): takṣati pari-, (takṣ, c. l.), c. ing with hakSets his Kshatriya body: kṣātradehaṃ paritakṣya ṭaṅkaiḥ, Ana.

CHIT-CHAT: viśrambhālāpaḥ: v. Conversation.

CHITTERLINGS: bhṛṣṭaśaukaranāḍya: (f. pl.) (?).

CHIVALROUS: śauryadākṣiṇyādiguṇopetaḥ (tā taṃ) (?): v. Brave, gallant.

CHIVALROUSLY: v. Boldly, gallantly.

CHIVALRY:
     I A body of knights: sādinaḥ (m. pl.): v. Knight.
     II Knighthood: q. v.
     III Valour, etc.: śauryadākṣiṇyādiguṇāḥ (m. pl.) (?): v. Valour, gallantry.

CHIVE:
     I A kind of onion: q. v.
     II Stamen: q. v.

CHLORATE: *pītaharitāmlasaṃśliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

CHLORIDE: *pītaharita-, c. of mercury: *pītaharitapāradaḥ.

CHLORINE: *pītaharitam; pītaharidvāyuḥ.

CHOCOLATE: *cakalāṭam.

CHOICE (subs.):
     I The act of choosing:
     1 grahaṇam (=acceptance);
     2 varaṇam (= a. of a husband);
     3 abhilāṣaḥ (=desire). Ph. to make a c. of: v. To choose.
     II The power of c.: v. Option.
     III Discrimination: q. v.
     IV The thing chosen: expr. by adjs: īpsitaḥ (tā taṃ); abhīṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), etc. Ph.: who is your c.: kasmiṃste hṛdayābhiniveśaḥ; V. iii.
     V The best part of anything: ratnam.

CHOICE (adj.):
     I Superior in quality:
     1 viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 sarvottamaḥ (mā maṃ) (=best);
     3 mahārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ) (=valuable), c. bed: bhahārhaśayyā, Ki. Ph.: with c. food: bhojanaviśeṣaiḥ, A.
     II Select: q. v.
     III Frugal: q. v.

CHOICELY:
     I With choice:
     1 samīkṣya;
     2 parito vīkṣya.
     II Excellently: q. v.

CHOICENESS:
     1 viśiṣṭatā;
     2 utkarṣaḥ: v. Excellence.

CHOIR:
     I A band of singers:
     1 gāyakagaṇaḥ;
     2 *saṅgāyakagaṇaḥ.
     II A part of a church: *saṅgāyakabhūmiḥ.

CHOKE:
     I To stifle, suffocate: q. v.
     II To check: q. v.
     III To offend: q. v.

CHOLER:
     I The bile: q. v.: pittam.
     II Anger: q. v.: krodhaḥ.

CHOLERA: visūcikā, Sr.

CHOLERIC:
     I Irascible: q. v.: krodhanaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Angry: q. v.

CHOOSE (v.):
     I To select:
     1 vṛṇīte (vṛ, c. 9.) (=to accept as, husband), whether (she) would c. me: vṛṇīta māṃ neti, R. vi. 68.;
     2 mano badhnāti (bandh c. 9.) (with loc.) (to set one's mind), she chose (it) in preference to others: mano babandhānyarasān vilaṃdhya sā, R. iii. 4.;
     3 abhilaṣati (laṣ, c. l.), and whom (she) may c.: yañcābhilaṣet, D. vi.: v. To desire;
     4 by circum., which of the two you c.: tayorabhibhataṃ vada, Vi. vi.;
     5 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (=to take: only when the context fixes the meaning).
     II To elect, appoint: q. v.

CHOP (subs.): māṃsaphālikā, N.: v. Piece.

CHOP (v. t.):
     I To mince: q. v.: viśakalayati (nomi.).
     II To exchange: q. v.
     III To bandy: q. v. Comp. s: c. off: v. To cut off; c. up.: v. To devour.

CHOP-HOUSE: *māsaṃphālikāgṛham.

CHOPPER, CHOPPING-KNIFE: churikāviśeṣaḥ.

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CHORAL: sāṅgītikaḥ (kī kaṃ), Williams: v. CHOIR.

CHORD:
     I A musical string: tantrī.
     II Harmony: q. v.: ekatānaḥ.
     III In geo. jyā or jīvā, Li.

CHORISTER:
     I A singer: gāyakaḥ, Kuvera's c.: kinnaraḥ. Indra's c. gandharvaḥ.
     II Leader of a chorus: pradhānagāyakaḥ (?).

CHOROGAPHER: pradeśavarṇakaḥ (?)

CHOROGRAPHY: pradeśavarṇanam (?)

CHORUS:
     I A band of singers: gāyakagaṇaḥ and sim. comp. s.
     II Of a song: dhruvā or dhravam, Gi.

CHOUGH (subs.): kākajātīyapakṣibhedaḥ.

CHRIST: *kṛṣṭaḥ.

CHRISTEN:
     I To baptise: q. v.
     II To denominate: q. v.

CHRISTENDOM:
     I The Christian religion: *kṛṣṭadharmaḥ.
     II The c. world: *kṛṣṭadharmānuyāyinaḥ (m. pl.); kṛṣṭarājyam.
     III A name: q. v.

CHRISTIAN:
     I As adj.: *kṛṣṭīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II As subs.: *kṛṣṭadharmāvalambin (f. ).

CHRISTIANITY: *kṛṣṭadharmaḥ.

CHRISTIANIZE: *kṛṣṭadharmaṃ grāhayati (c. of grah).

CHRISTIANLY: *kṛṣṭamatānurūpam; kṛṣṭīyavat.

CHRISTMAS: *kṛṣṭajanmotsavaḥ. C. -day: *kṛṣṭasya janmadinam. C. -eve: *kaṣṭasya janmadinasya pūrvapradoṣaḥ.

CHRIST'S-THORN: A plant: kaṇṭakigulmabhedaḥ.

CHROMATIC:
     I Relating to colour: raṅga- or varṇa in comp., the science of c. s. *raṅgavidyā (?).
     II In music: grāmīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

CHROME, CHROMIUM: *citralauham; citrāyas (n.).

CHRONIC, CHRONICAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 sāmayikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 kālikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Lingering:
     1 dīrghasthāyin (f. );
     2 avisargin (f. ṇī).

CHRONICLE (subs.):
     I In pl., annals: kālānuyāyīvṛttaprabandhaḥ.
     II History: q. v.

CHRONICLE (v. t.): prabandhe niveśayati (c. of viś) or likhati (likh, c. 6.).

CHRONICLER: *kālānusāreṇa vṛttaprabandhakṛt lekhakaḥ: v. Historian.

CHRONOLOGER, CHRONOLOGIST: *kālagaṇanābhijñaḥ kālagaṇakaḥ.

CHRONOLOGICAL:
     1 kālānusārin (f. ṇī);
     2 kālānuyāyin (f. ). In c. order: anupūrvaśaḥ or ānupūrvyāt. Mat.

CHRONOLOGICALLY: kālānusāreṇa.

CHRONOLOGY: kālagaṇanā.

CHRONOMETER: *kālaparimāpaḥ; viśiṣṭhakālamāpaḥ

CHRYSALIS: guṭikā (?).

CHRYSOGRAPHY: kaladhautalipiḥ, and sim. comp. s.

CHRYSOLITE: haritāśman (n.).

CHRYSOLOGY: *arthavijñānam, and sim. comp.

CHUB: rohitajātīyamatsyabhedaḥ.

CHUBBED, CHUBBY: v. Plump, stout.

CHUCK (v.):
     I To check: q. v.
     II To strike gently: q. v.

CHUCK (subs.):
     I v. Cluck.
     II A slight blow: capeṭikā (with the open hand) īṣatpaprahāraḥ.
     III A term of endearment: jātaḥ (tā taṃ).

CHUCKLE (v. i.): i. e. to laugh in a broken manner: v. To laugh.

CHUMP: sthūlakāṣṭham: v. Stump.

CHURCH (subs.):
     I Any temple: q. v.
     II. A Christian temple: *siddhāyatanam or dharmamandiram (when the context determines the meaning); kṛṣṭadharmānuyāyināṃ siddhāyatanam.
     III A body of Christians: dharmaḥ, the c. of Christ : *kṛṣṭadharmaḥ; the c. of England: iṃlaṇḍīyadharmaḥ.

CHURCH (adj.): v. Ecclesiastical. C. -rate : *dharmamandiraśulkaḥ. C. -warden: dharmamandirarakṣakaḥ. C. -yard: *dharmamandirāṅganam: v. Cemetery.

CHURL:
     I A rustic: q. v.
     II A boor : avinītaḥ; nirmaryādaḥ.

CHURLISH:
     I Boorish, rude: q. v.
     II U manageable: q. v.

CHURLISHLY: aśiṣṭavat: v. Roughly.

CHURLISHNESS:
     1 aśiṣṭatā;
     2 avinītatā
     3 nirmaryādatā.

CHURN (subs.):
     1 manthanī;
     2 gargarī
     3 manthanapātram.

CHURN (v. t.): mathati or manthati (math, c. l.) c. nectar: mathyatāmamṛtam, V. p.; c. ing of the ocean : samudramanthanam, M. n. C. -staff,; C. -stick:
     1 manthaḥ;
     2 manthanaḥ;
     3 manthānaḥ;
     4 manthadaṇḍa C. ing-rope:
     1 manthanarajjuḥ;
     2 netram, V. p.

CHYLE:
     1 annarasaḥ;
     2 dhātupaḥ, Wilson.

CHYMIC, CHYMIST, CHYMISTRY: v. Chemical, chemist, chemistry.

CICATRIX, CICATRICE śuṣkavraṇaḥ: v. Scar.

CICATRIZE (v.): v. To heal. c. d.: śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ).

CICERONE: darśakaḥ: v. Guide.

CIDER: *ātāphalanirhṛ to madirāviśeṣaḥ.

CIMETER:
     1 candrahāsaḥ;
     2 vakrakhaṅgaḥ;
     3 maṇḍalāgraḥ (rare).

CINCTURE:
     1 mekhalā;
     2 kāñcī: v. Belt, girdle.

CINDER:
     1 aṅgāra (mn.);
     2 bhasman (n.): v. Ashes, charcoal.

CINNABAR:
     1 rasasindūram;
     2 raktapāradaḥ;
     3 rasasthānam (rare).

CINNAMON:
     1 dārusitā;
     2 gandhavalkalam.

CIPHER:
     I The arithmetical sign:
     1 binduḥ (Lit. and Fig.);
     2 śūnyam (=zero).
     II A secret manner of writing:
     1 gūḍhākṣaram (?);
     2 cihnam (=sign) (?)

CIRCLE (v. t.): v. To encircle. C.-d.: v. Round.

CIRCLE (subs.):
     I In geo.:
     1 vṛttam, Li.;
     2 maṇḍalam, Su. Ph. Great c.: *mahāvṛttam; small c.: *kṣudravṛttam.
     II A circumference, ring: maṇḍalam, moving in a c. maṇḍalabhramaṇam, D. vi.
     III A sphere: q. v.: "c. of the earth" bhūmaṇḍalam.
     IV Compass, circuit: q. v. V. A. group of persons:
     1 maṇḍalam, dismissing the c. of sages visarjitamunimaṇḍalaḥ, C.;
     2 cakram, c. of archers dhānuṣkacakram, Ve. iv. Ph.: in the family c.: parivāramadhye. VI. A province: maṇḍalam, M. Ph.: to argue in a c.: *maṇḍalena tarkayati; prameyasādhanārthaṃ prameyānyeva vakraṃ prayunakti.

CIRCLET: maṇḍalam: v. Circle.

CIRCUIT:
     I Movement round:
     1 paribhramaṇam;
     2 paryayaṇam. To make a c: paribhramati or paryeti (i, c. 2) (with acc.)
     II Compass:
     1 pariveṣṭanam;
     2 paridhiḥ.
     III Of judges, etc., paribhramaṇam (?). C. -house: *paribhramaṇagṛham.

CIRCUITOUS: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ), although (this) route is c. for you: vakraḥ panthā yadapi bhavataḥ, Me. i. 28.: v. Round about.

CIRCULAR (adj.): maṇḍalākāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Round. Ph. c. are: vṛttakhaṇḍam.

CIRCULARITY (subs.) lekhaviśeṣaḥ; *cakram, c. file *cakraśreṇī.

CIRCULARITY: maṇḍalatā pari-, Ki. xiv. 64.

CIRCULARLY:
     1 maṇḍalena;
     2 maṇḍalākāreṇa, M. n.;
     3 cakrākāreṇa.

CIRCULATE (v. t.):
     I Of the blood: pari-calati (cal, c. 1.) (?).
     II Fig.: bhramati or bhrāmyati (bhram, c. l. and 4.), and this strange news c. d. among the citizens: abhramacca paurajānapadeṣviyabhadbhutāyamānā vārtā, D. III. Ph.: c. ing medium: *vinimayadvāram; c. ing library: *bhrāmyatpustakālayaḥ.

CIRCULATION:
     I Of the blood: paricalanam (?).
     II Diffusion:
     1 prasarpaṇam;
     2 prasaraḥ.
     III Currency:
     1 pracāraḥ;
     2 pracalanam.

CIRCUMCISE (v.): liṅgāgracarma chinatti (chid, c. 7.) or kṛntati (kṛt, c. 7.) (with gen.) (?); C. d:
     1 chinnaliṅgāgracarman (mfn.) (?);
     2 duścarman (mfn.) (?) M.

CIRCUMCISION: liṅgāgracarmacchedaḥ -nam (?).

CIRCUMFERENCE:
     1 paridhiḥ;
     2 pariveśaḥ;
     3 pariveṣṭanam.

CIRCUMFLEX: svaritaḥ.

CIRCUMFLUENT: paritaḥ or samantataḥ visārin (f. ṇī) or pravahat (f. ntī) etc.: v. To flow.

CIRCUMPACENT:
     1 caturdiśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ);
     2 paritaḥ sthitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CIRCUMLOCUTION: bhaṅgiḥ or vākyamaṅgiḥ

CIRCUMNAVIGATE: nāvā or potena paribhramati (bhram, c. l.) or paryaṭati (aṭ, c. 1.)

CIRCUMNAVIGATION: potena paribhramaṇam or paryaṭanam.

CIRCUMNAVIGATOR: potena paribhramakārin (f. ṇī).

CIRCUMPOSITION: maṇḍalīkaraṇam.

CIRCUMSCRIBE:
     I To describe: q. v.
     II To confine, limit: niyacchati (yam, c. l.)
     III To encircle, surround: q. v.

CIRCUMSPECT:
     1 smīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 vimṛśyakārin (f. ṇī): v. Careful.

CIRCUMSPECTION:
     1 samokṣyakāritā;
     2 vimṛśyakāritāḥ v. Prudence, caution.

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CIRCUMSPECTLY: parito vīkṣya, (Ki. ii. 2.) or avekṣya; samīkṣya, etc.

CIRCUMSTANCE (subs.):
     I Condition: q. v.: avasthā.
     II An event, incident: q. v.:
     1 vṛttāntaḥ;
     2 vṛttam.

CIRCUMSTANCED: v. Situated.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL:
     I Minute, particular: q. v.: saviśeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ).
     II Consisting of particular incidents: Ph.: c. evidence: *vṛttāntaghaṭitaṃ pramāṇam.

CIRCUMSTANTIALLY:
     1 saviśeṣaṃ (=minutely);
     2 yathāvṛttam (=as it happened).

CIRCUMVALLATE: vapreṇa veṣṭayati (c. of veṣṭ).

CIRCUMVENT: pratārayati (c. of tṝ): v. To cheat, deceive.

CIRCUMVENTION: pratāraṇāḥ v. Fraud, deception.

CIRCUS: *maṇḍalaraṅgaḥ; maṇḍalākāro raṅgabhūmiḥ.

CISTERN: kṛṇḍam (?): v. Reservoir.

CITADEL: durgam: v. Fortress.

CITATION:
     I A summons: q. v.
     II A quotation: q. v.

CITE: diśati ut- nir-, (diś, c. 6.): v. To adduce, quote, summon.

CITHERN or CITTERN: bīṇāviśeṣaḥ.

CITIZEN:
     1 pauraḥ, of c. s. and villagers: paurajānapadānām, B. p.;
     2 paurajanaḥ puravāsin (m.), and sim. comp. s.;
     3 nāgaraḥ or nāgarikaḥ (rare).

CITIZENSHIP: pauratvam (?).

CITRINE: jambīrābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

CITRON:
     I The tree mātuluṅgaḥ; -kaḥ,
     2 vījapūraḥ.
     II The fruit: vījapūram; mātuluṅgaphalam.

CITY (subs.):
     1 nagaram -rī;
     2 puram -rī;
     3 pur (f.): v. town.

CITY (adj.):
     1 by a tat. com. a., c. gate: puradvāram;
     2 pauraḥ (rī raṃ).

CIVET: gandhadravyabhedaḥ.

CIVET or CIVET-CAT: An animal:
     1 gandhamārjāraḥ;
     2 gandhotuḥ.

CIVIC: pauraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Civil.

CIVIL:
     I Polite: q. v.
     II Civic:
     1 pauraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 nāgaraḥ (rī raṃ). Ph.: c. war: *antaryūddham or sim. yuddham (when the sense is clear); c. death: *vaidhamṛtyuḥ.

CIVILIAN:
     I One versed in civil law: *sādhāraṇavidhijñaḥ.
     II A non-mlitaryman: *paurakāryādhikṛtaḥ.

CIVILITY: saujanyam: v. Politeness, attention.

CIVILIZATION: sabhyatā.

CIVILIZE:
     1 śiṣṭācārān śikṣayati (c. of śikṣ) (?);
     2 sabhyapadavīm adhirohayati (c. of ruh) (?).

CIVILLY: v. Politely.

CLAD IN:
     1 vasānaḥ (nā naṃ) (with acc.);
     2 paridadhat (f. ) (with acc);
     3 bibhrat (f. ) (with acc.);
     4 by a comp. with vīta saṃvīta, etc. (=covered), c. clean bark: śucivalkavītavapus (mfn.), Ki. vi. 31.: v. To clothe.

CLAIM (v. t.): expr. by circum.: who c. s. anything: mamedamiti yo brūyāt, M. viii. 31.; the owners of the two mares went up to the king, both claiming (the colt): madīyo'yaṃ madīyo'yamiti (bruvāṇau) vaḍavādhipatī rājāntikamagacchatām, Raj.; c. s. a bow from him: mamānena dhanurdeyamiti nirdiśati, K. b.

CLAIM (subs.):
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 uktam (when the context fixes the meaning), to establish one's c.: uktaṃ pratipādayati, K. b.;
     3 abhiyogaḥ (legal c.): v. Demand.

CLAIMANT, CLAIMER:
     1 arthin (m.) (=plaintiff);
     2 by circum.

CLAMBER: v. To climb.

CLAMMINESS, CLAMMY: v. Viscidity, viscous; glutinousness, glutinous.

CLAMOROUS: Noisy, Turbulent. Ph. c. for his banishment: tasya nirvāsanārthamutkrośanti.

CLAMOUR (subs.): utkrośaḥ: v. Noise, cry (II).

CLAMOUR (v.) utkrośati (kruś, c. l.): v. To shout, make noise.

CLAMP (subs.): kīlaḥ (?).

CLAMP (v. t.): kīlena sambadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or saṅghaṭayati (ghaṭ, c. 10.) (?)

CLAN:
     1 gaṇa:, of the village classes and c. s: grāmaśreṇīgaṇānām, Vri.;
     2 kulam: v. Tribe, race.

CLANDESTINE: pracchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Secret.

CLANDESTINELY:
     1 channam, D.: v. Secretly;
     2 bhoṣeṇa, D.: v. By stealth.

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CLANG, CLANK (v.): ṭaṅkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.) (rare): v. To jingle, sound.

CLANG, CLANK (subs): ṭaṅkāraḥ or ṭaṅkṛtam, by the c. of bells: ghaṇṭānāṃ ṭaṅkṛtena, K.: v. Din, noise.

CLANSHIP: gaṇatvam. (?): v. Clan, race.

CLAP (v. t.): Ph. to c. the hands: karatālaṃ or karatālikāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), Si. xv. 39.;
     2 talatālaṃ vādayati (c. of vad), Mah.;
     3 hastatālam arpayati (c. of ), (rare), N. iii. 6.; to c. the wings: pakṣau dhunoti or dhunute (dhu, c. 7.), N. iii. 1. C. sometimes = to applaud; also = to cast: q. v.

CLAP, CLAPPING (subs.):
     I Of hands:
     1 karatāla-(lī)-dānam;
     2 talatālavādanam. N. B. C. did not, among the Hindus, usually express applause, but note the following ex.: cheered me with huzzas and c. s. harṣayāmāsurmāṃ siṃhanādatalasvanaiḥ, Mah.
     II Of thunder:
     1 sphūrjathusphūrjitam, Vi.;
     2 vajraniṣpeṣaḥ;
     3 vajranirghoṣaḥ;
     4 medhagarjitam.
     III Any loud noise: q. v.

CLAPPER: of a bell: *ghaṇṭātāḍanī.

CLAP-TRAP: v. Deceptive, counterfeit.

CLARET: raktavarṇo madyaviśeṣaḥ.

CLARIFICATION:
     1 śodhanam;
     2 śuddhiḥ;
     3 pāvanam.

CLARIFY:
     1 śodhayati (c. of śu);
     2 punāti (, c. 9.).

CLARION: kāhalaḥ (?); śuṣiravādyaviśeṣaḥ. C. -et: muralī (?).

CLASH (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃghaṭṭate or ghaṭṭayati (ghaṭṭa, c. l. and 10).;
     2 samāhanti (han, c. 2.).
     II Fig. To contradict, interfere: q. v.: viruṇaddhi (rudh. c. 7.) (with acc.).
     II Noise produced by c. ing: caṭacaṭāśabdaḥ, Mah.
     III Opposition, contradiction: q. v.: virodhaḥ.

CLASH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃghaṭṭaḥ;
     2 samāghātaḥ.

CLASP (subs.):
     I Lit.: *saṃśleṣakaḥ.
     II An embrace: q. v.: pariṣvaṅgaḥ.

CLASP (v. t.):
     I Fasten (with acc.): q. v.: sambadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II Embrace: q. v.: pariṣvajate (svañj, c. l.). Ph.: with c. ed hands kṛtāñjali or baddhāñjali (mfn.).
     III To entwine: q. v.

CLASPER: i. e. tendril: pratānaḥ.

CLASP-KNIFE: bhaṅgayogyā churikā (?).

CLASS (subs.):
     I Of individuals: gen. not expr. d: there can be no association between the higher and lower c. es: sahāpakṛṣṭairmahatāṃ na saṃgatam Ki.; c. es. of citizens: paurāṇāṃ śreṇayaḥ, Nil.: v. Party, caste.
     II Of students: śreṇī (or -ṇiḥ).
     III A division of objects:
     1 vargaḥ, we will now specify the c. es. of flesh: ata ūdhvaṃ māṃsavargānudekṣyābhaḥ, Sr.;
     2 gaṇaḥ (specially of verbs);
     3 jātiḥ (=species).

CLASS (v. t.):
     1 vargīkaroti (?);
     2 vargān nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.) (?).

CLASSIC (subs.):
     I In pl. the Greek and Latin literature: *grīkalāṭinasāhityam.
     II A c. al writer: viśiṣṭalekhakaḥ, and sim. comp. s

CLASSICALLY:
     I Well: viśiṣṭam.
     II In classes: śreṇyanusāreṇa.

CLASSIFICATION:
     1 varganirdeśaḥ (?);
     2 vargīkaraṇam (?).

CLASSIFY: v. To class.

CLATTER (v.): v. To rattle, prate.

CLATTER, CLATTERING (subs.): c. of thunderclouds: ghanaghaṭāghargharadhvaniḥ: v. Rattle.

CLAUSE:
     I An article or stipulation: q. v.: prakaraṇam (?).
     II A part of a sentence: aṅgavākyam, Nil.

CLAVICLE: jatru (n.).

CLAW (subs.): nakhaḥ or nakharaḥ, R. xvi. 16.

CLAW (v. t.): nakhairvidārayati (c. of dṝ): v. To tear, scrakS.

CLAY: cikvanamṛttikā, Bha.; mṛdumṛd (f.), C., and sim. comp.s; potters' c.: kulālamṛttikā; bricks' c.: iṣṭakāmṛttikā (?). Made of c. mṛnmayaḥ: (yī yaṃ).

CLAYEY: cikvanamṛdbahulaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

CLEAN (adj.):
     1 śuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), vi- pari-, c. after a bath: snānaviśuddhagātraḥ (f. trī), Ku.;
     2 śuci (mfn.) (gen. = pure), c. ivory throne: gajadantāsanaṃ śuci, R.;
     3 ghautaḥ (tā taṃ) (= washed), wearing a suit of fine c. clothes: dhaute dukūle dadhatā, K.;
     4 nirmalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=free from dirt: often = clear). To become c.: śudhyati (śudha, c. 4.), M.

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CLEAN (v. t.):
     1 śodhayati vi- pari-, (c. of śudh), should c. teeth every day: dantānnityaṃ viśodhayet, Sr.;
     2 mārṣṭi or mārjayati pra- saṃ-, (mṛj, c. 2 and 10) (=by rubbing or brushing), c. ing of ornaments: bhṛṣaṇamṛjākriyā, D. vi.;
     3 dhāvayati or dhāvati (dhāv, c. 10 and l.)(with water), call Radanikā to c. our feet: radanikāṃ śabdāyasva pādau dhāvitum, Mr. iii.;
     4 punāti (, c. 9.) (from dirt: gen. fig: v. To purify);
     5 nenekti or niṃkte nir-, (nij, c. 3. and 2) (rare).

CLEAN (adv.): v. Entirely, altogether.

CLEANLINESS:
     1 śuddhiḥ vi- pari-;
     2 śaucam;
     3 nirmalatā;
     4 śaucaparāyaṇatā (?) (habitual c.). For dif.: v. Clean.

CLEANLY (adj.): ācāraśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (?) or śaucaparāyaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (?): v. Neat. Ph. c. (i. e. cleansing) powder: śodhanacūrṇam, Sr.

CLEANLY (adv.): expr. by adj., c. dressed: śucivastradharaḥ (rā raṃ), V. p.: v. Neatly.

CLEANNESS: v. Cleanliness, purity.

CLEANSE (v.): śodhayati; punātiḥ v. To clean.

CLEANSING (subs.): Lit. or Fig.:
     1 śodhanam or śuddhiḥ vi- pari-;
     2 mārjana- or mṛjākriyā (by rubbing or brushing);
     3 dhāvanam (with water).

CLEAR (adj.):
     I Transparent, bright:
     1 vimalaḥ nirmalaḥ or amalaḥ (lā laṃ), c. sky: vimalaṃ nabhaḥ, Ki.; c. -rayed moon: vimalakiraṇacandraḥ, Ri.;
     2 prasannaḥ (f. nnā), c. sky: prasannaṃ namaḥ; the c. (lake) Mānasa: prasannaṃ mānasam, K.;
     3 viśadaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Plain, perspicuous: q. v.:
     1 prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 viśadaḥ (dā daṃ);
     3 vimalaḥ (lā laṃ) or nirmalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Audible: Ph. c. language: viviktavarṇā sarasvatī, Ki.: in c. voice: spaṣṭavarṇayā girā, K.
     IV Evident: q. v.: Ph.: c. profit: śuddhalābhaḥ, my mind is c. (now): mamāntarātmāviśado jātaḥ, Sa. iv.; c. of any crime: viśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), Mr.

CLEAR (v. t.):
     I To make bright:
     1 viśadīkaroti, I may c. your sight: dṛṣṭiṃ viśadāṃ karavāṇi, Sa. iii.;
     2 prasādayati (c. of sad) (rare).
     II To exculpate: śodhayati Krishna accepted that precious gem to c. himself: acyutastanmaṇiratnamātmaśodhanāya jagrāha, V. p.
     III To make open: śodhayati, to c. a road: mārgaṃ śodhayati, M. vii. 185.; with c. ed back: śuddhapārṣṇiḥ, R. Ph.: c. ed forests: vipināni prakāśāni cakāra, R. iv. 31.
     IV Of profits: v. To gain. Ph. to c. a doubt: saṃśayaṃ chinatti, Da.; to c. a debt: ṛṇaṃ śodhayati, K. b.; to c. (i. e. to leap over) a dikS: parikhām ullaṅghayati.

CLEAR UP (v. t.): viśadīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To explain.

CLEAR, CLEAR OFF, CLEAR UP (v. i.):
     1 prasīdati (sad, c. l.), the quarters c. ed: diśaḥ praseduḥ, S. p.;
     2 prasādaṃ gacchati vrajati, etc., the sky did not quite c. off: dyaurucitaṃ prasādhaṃ na gatā (after Ki.);
     3 vimalībhavati (bhū, c. l.).

CLEARANCE:
     I The act of c. ing: śodhanam.
     II Of vessels: *śodhanam.
     III Clear profit: śuddhalābhaḥ.

CLEARLY: v. Plainly, distinctly, obviously, clear.

CLEAR-HEADED:
     1 vimaladhīḥ (n. -dhi);
     2 viśadabuddhi (mfn.).

CLEARNESS:
     I Trasparency, brightness:
     1 prasādaḥ or prasannatā;
     2 vaimalyam;
     3 vaiśadyam.
     II Plainness, perspicuity:
     1 vaiśadyam, impressive on account of c.: vaiśadyahṛdyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ), N.;
     2 vaimalyam, perspicuity consists in c. of meaning: arthavaimalyātmā prasādaḥ, Kav.;
     3 nirmalatvam, S. Ph.: with c. of voice: spaṣṭavarṇayā girā, K.

CLEAR-SIGHTED: vimaladṛśa (mfn.) (Lit. and Fig.): v. Sagacious.

CLEAVE (v. i.):
     I To adhere: q. v.: sajjate (sajñ, c. 1).
     II To part asunder
     1 sphaṭati (sphaṭ, c. 1);
     2 dīryate.
     III To suit: q. v.

CLEAVE (v. t.):
     1 sphāṭayati (c. of sphaṭ);
     2 vi-dārayati (c. of dṝ).

CLEAVER: i. e. a bukSer's knife: kartarī, K. b.

CLEF: svarasaṃkramacihram.

CLEFT (part. and adj.): v. Cloven.

CLEFT (subs.):
     I A crack, chasm: q. v.: darī.
     II A piece: q. v.

CLEMENCY:
     I Kindness: q. v.: dayā.
     II Mildness: q. v.: mārdavam.

CLEMENT: v. Kind, merciful, gentle.

CLEMENTLY: sadayam: v. Kindly, gently.

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CLENCH (v.):
     I Lit.: to grasp: q. v. Ph. to c. the fist: muṣṭiṃ badhnāti; to c. a nail: *nālam āvarjya badhnāti.
     II Of arguments: draḍhayatiḥ v. To confirm, establish.

CLEPSYDRA: kapālayantram, Su. xiii. 23.

CLERGY: purohitavargaḥ, and sim. comp. s

CLERGYMAN: purohitaḥ (?); dharmaśāsakaḥ (?).

CLERICAL:
     I Belonging to a clergyman: expr. by comp., c. dress: purohitaveṣaḥ.
     II Relating to a clerk: expr. by comp. or by gen.: c. mistake: lekhakasya bhramaḥ.

CLERK:
     I A clergyman: q. v.
     II A scholar: q. v.
     III In ordinary sense: lekhakaḥ.

CLERKSHIP:
     I Business of a clerk: lekhakatvam (?); lekhakapadam.
     II Scholarship: q. v.

CLEVER:
     1 caturaḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 vicakṣaṇaḥ (ṇā. ṇaṃ): v. Skilful, expert.

CLEVERLY:
     1 nipuṇam;
     2 sapāṭavam;
     3 caturam.

CLEVERNESS:
     1 vaicakṣaṇtham;
     2 naipuṇyam;
     3 cāturyam;
     4 vaidagdhyam.: v. Skilfulness, dexterity.

CLEW: v. Clue.

CLICK:
     I Verb: ṭaṅkaroti (?).
     II Subs.: ṭaṅkāraḥ.

CLIENT:
     I A dependent: āśritaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II In law: *śrāvakaḥ.

CLIENTSHIP:
     I Dependency: q. v.: adhīnatā.
     II In law: *śrāvakatvam.

CLIFF:
     1 prapātaḥ;
     2 bhṛguḥ (rare), fall from a c.: bhṛgupatanam, D.

CLIMACTER, CLIMACTERIC: pariṇāmakālaḥ (?).

CLIMATE:
     I Temperature etc.: deśaprakṛtiḥ (?); vāyutāpau (m. dual) (?).
     II A region: q. v.: pradeśaḥ.

CLIMAX:
     I Acme:
     1 parā koṭiḥ;
     2 cūḍā.
     II In Rhetoric:
     1 sāraḥ, Kav. x. 37.;
     2 sārālaṅkāraḥ.

CLIMB (v.): arohati adhi- (ruh. c. 1), (with acc.) to c. up the top of a tree: vṛkṣāgramārohati, S. c. Ph.: c. d over the wall: prākāramatyalaṅghayam, D. iii.; he knows how to c.: sa vṛkṣādyāroḍhuṃ jānāti (sim. āroḍhuṃ) (will be ambiguous, as it often means riding.).

CLIMBER:
     I In gen.:
     1 bhārohin or adhirohin (f. ṇī);
     2 āroḍhṭa (f. ḍhrī).
     II A climbing plant:
     1 vratatī;
     2 vallarī. The supporting tree on which a climber rises:
     1 saṃśrayadrumaḥ, Ku.;
     2 upadhnataruḥ, R.
     III A climbing bird: ārohin (f. ṇī).

CLIME: pradeśaḥ: v. Climate, region.

CLINCH: v. To clench.

CLINCHER: i. e. a decisive argument: upasaṃhāraḥ.

CLING (v. l.): sajjate ā- pra- saṃ- (sañj, c. l.), who c. s to my dress: ko nu khalu nivasane me sajjate, Sa. iv.; with trees c. ing: saṃsaktakṣitiruhajālam, Vi.;
     2 lagati saṃlagati (lag, c. l.), clung to the Śinsapā trce: śiṃśapāvṛkṣe lalāga, Vet.; c. ing to the teeth: dantalagnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ), Ku. Ph. c. to a hope: āśāṃ na muñcati jahāti, etc.

CLINICAL: Ph. c. medicine: śayyāgatarogicikitsā (?), or -śāstram (?).

CLINK (subs.): kvaṇitam: v. Tinkling, jingling.

CLINK (v.): kvaṇati (kvaṇ, c. l.): v. To tinkle, jingle.

GLIP:
     I To embrace, encompass: q. v.
     II To shear, cut off: kalpati (klṭp, c. l), (rare), with hair, nails, and beard c. ped: kḷptakeśanakhaśmaśraḥ, M. iv. 35.
     III To curtail: q. v.

CLIPPING: v. Cutting, paring.

CLIQUE: dalam (?): v. Faction, party.

CLOAK (subs.):
     1 kañcukaḥ, her body covered with a blue c. hanging down to the ankle: āgulphāvalambinā nīlakañcukenācchannaśarīrām, K.;
     2 prāvāraḥ (gen. = blanket or shawl), Mr.

CLOAK (v.): avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 10): v. To hide, palliate.

CLOCK: *ghaṭikā; sidereal-c.: *nākṣatraghaṭikā; what o'c. is it? *kiyato ghaṭikā?

CLOCKWORK: ghaṭīyantram.

CLOD:
     1 loṣṭa (mn.);
     2 leṣṭuḥ.

CLODHOPPER: v. Clown.

GLOG (v.): pratibadhnāti (bandha, c. 9): v. To obstruct, fetter.

GLOG (subs.):
     I A shoe: pādukā (gen. term).
     II An impediment: q. v.: pratibandhaḥ.
     III Of animals: pratibandhaḥ, K.

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CLOISTER:
     I A portico: q. v.
     II A monastery: q. v.: vihāraḥ.

CLOISTRAL: v. Monastic.

CLOSE (v. t.):
     I To shut: q. v.: api-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3), c. the back door: pidhehi pakṣadvārakam, Mr.; to c. the eyes: locane mīlayati ni-, (c. of mol), Me.
     II To bring into contact: saṃhanti (han, c. 2).
     III To conclude, finish: q. v.: samāpayati (c. of āp).
     IV To confine: q. v. To c. in or round: parivṛṇotiḥ v. To surround.

CLOSE (v. i.):
     I To come together:
     1 nimīlati (mīl, c. l) (of the eye);
     2 samārohati (ruh, c. l) (of wounds).: v. To unite.
     II To come to an end: expr. by avasitaḥ (tā taṃ), samāptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), etc.; when he c. d: vacasyavasite tasmin, Ku.

CLOSE ON or UPON: sthirīkarotiḥ v. Agree, decide.

CLOSE UP: avṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5): v. To block up.

CLOSE WITH:
     I To close on: q. v.
     II To unite with: q. v.
     III To grapple with: saṃgacchati (gam, c. 4), sameti (i, c. 2), etc.

CLOSE (adj.):
     I Shut fast:
     1 pihitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 saṃvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 baddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (=bound).
     II Secret, retired: q. v.: viviktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     III Confined, as air: niruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).
     IV Reticent, taciturn: q. v. V. Niggardly: q. v.: baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.).
     VI Dense, compact: q. v.: ghanaḥ (nā naṃ).
     VII Adjoining, near: q. v.: sannihitaḥ (tā taṃ), are always c. at hand: haste nityasānnidhyāni, D.
     VIII Of style: v. Concise.
     IX Intimate:
     1 ghanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 niviḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ), very c. friendship: niviḍatamā maitrī, Bha.
     X Accurate, careful: q. v.

CLOSE (adv.):
     I Densely: q. v.
     II Near: q. v.:
     1 upānte;
     2 samīpataḥ.

CLOSE (subs.):
     I An enclosure: q. v.: vṛtiḥ.
     II End, termination: q. v.: avasānam, c. of the day: divāvasānam, R.
     III Junction: q. v.

CLOSE-FISTED, CLOSE-HANDED: baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.), your c. ness in giving me a look: dṛṣṭidāne tava baddhamuṣṭitā, N.

CLOSELY: v. Densely; nearly; strictly; accurately; firmly; secretly.

CLOSENESS:
     I Compact: q. v.: ghanatā.
     II Nearness: q. v.: naikaṭyam.
     III Niggardliness: q. v.
     IV Of air: niruddhavātatā. V. Of style: v. Conciseness.
     VI Narrowness: q. v.
     VII Accuracy: q. v.
     VIII Secrecy: q. v.

CLOSE-STOOL: *upaśayanapīṭham; viṇmūtrādhāraḥ.

CLOSET (subs.): koṣṭhaḥ.

CLOSET (v.):
     I To conceal: q. v.
     II To consult: q. v.

CLOT (v. t.): piṇḍa (mn.).

CLOT (v.):
     1 piṇḍībhavati;
     2 ghanībhavati. C. ted hair: jaṭā -jūṭaḥ.

CLOTH:
     I Lit.:
     1 vastram, coarse c. sthūlavastram, P. ii. 5.; fine c.: sūkṣmavastram, N. com.;
     2 paṭaḥ or paṭṭaḥ, making of different kinds of c.: anekavidhapaṭaracanā, P. ii. 5.: v. Also clothes.
     II A profession: q. v.

CLOTHE (v.):
     I To put on c. s: c. ing herself: gṛhītavastrā, Ku.; c. ing himself: paridhāya vāsasī, K.: v. To put on clothes.
     II To invest with raiment: vastraṃ etc. paridhāpayati (c. of dhā) or vāsayati (c. of vas).
     III To provide with c. s: but should feed and c. her: grāsācchādanantu deyameva, K. b.
     IV To cover or invest: q. v.

CLOTHES, CLOTHING:
     1 vasanam, when (her) c. were being drawn off: ākṛṣyamāṇe vasane, Mah.;
     2 vastram, taking off c.: vastrāṇi mocayitvā, P.;
     3 vāsas (n.), Basantasenā's c. are wet: klinne vāsasī vasantasenāyāḥ, Mr.;
     4 aṃśukam;
     5 ambaram (rare);
     6 paricchadaḥ, pretty c. kamanīyaparicchadaḥ, Ki.;
     7 paridhānam (=under-c.), by whom even her c. was taken away: yenāsyāḥ paridhānamapyapahṛtam, Ve. N.B. The first five words gen. = a single piece of cloth and their dual is often used to denote a suit of c. as the Hindu's dress consisted only of two pieces of garment: v. Dress.

CLOTHIER:
     1 paṭa- or paṭṭakāraḥ (maker);
     2 vastravikretṛ (m.) (seller).

CLOUD (subs.):
     1 meghaḥ;
     2 jaladaḥ;
     3 jala- dharaḥ;
     4 ghanaḥ;
     5 parjanyaḥ;
     6 abhram;
     7 balāhakaḥ;
     8 jīmūtaḥ;
     9 nīradaḥ;
     10 payomuc (m.). C. born: medhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ); c.-producing: meghaṅkaraḥ (rī raṃ), Si. xx. 61. and 65.; a long line of c. s: kādambinī, Ku. Fig.: a c. of dust dhūlīpaṭalaḥ; I am under a c. now: sāmprataṃ mamopari śanerdyaṣṭiḥ (?).

CLOUD-CAPPED:
     1 abhraṃlihaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 abhraṃkaṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     3 ambaralekhin (f. ).

CLOUDED:
     I Lit: meghāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 meghācchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     3 ghanoparuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).
     II Fig. v. Dark, gloomy, sullen.

CLOUDLESS:
     1 ameghaḥ (ghā ghaṃ);
     2 nirabhraḥ (bhrā bhraṃ);
     3 vyabhraḥ (f. bhrā), V. p.;
     4 vītabalāhakaḥ (kā kaṃ), Ki.; and sim. comp. s.

CLOUDY:
     I Lit., clouded: q. v.:
     1 amritaḥ (tā taṃ), R. iii. 12;
     2 sābhraḥ (f. bhrā), Me. ii. 29. Ph. c. weather durdinam.
     II Fig., dark, obscure: q. v.: tamovṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

CLOUT: cīram: v. PakS.

CLOVE:
     I The plant: lavaṅgaḥ.
     II The fruit: lavaṅgam.

CLOVEN:
     1 sphāṭitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 dīrṇaḥ vi-, (rṇā rṇaṃ);
     3 khaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ). C.-hoofed: dviśaphaḥ (phā pham). C.-tongued: dvijihvaḥ (hvā hvaṃ) (=double-tongued), Śi.

CLOVER: triparṇī (?). To live in c. i. e. luxuriously: q. v.

CLOWN:
     I A countryman:
     1 grāmikaḥ;
     2 grāmyajanaḥ;
     3 kṛṣīvalaḥ (=agriculturist).
     II A buffoon: q. v.: bhaṇḍaḥ.

CLOWNISH:
     1 grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     2 aśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (not polite.).

CLOWNISHNESS:
     1 grābhyatā;
     2 aśiṣṭatā.

CLOY (v.): saṃ-tarpayati (c. of tṛp): v. To satiate.

CLUB (subs.):
     I A cudgel:
     1 yaṣṭiḥ;
     2 laguḍaḥ, to maul severely with c. s. laguḍaprahārairjarjarīkaroti, P.
     II An association: q. v.: samājaḥ (?), who will not come to the c. today: yo'dya samāje nāgamiṣyati, V. p.

CLUB TOGETHER (v.):
     I To eat together: saṃkhādati (khād, c. 1) (?)
     II To contribute: q. v.

CLUB-FOOTED: vikṛtapādaḥ (dā daṃ).

CLUCK (subs.): cūṅkṛtam (?).

CLUCK (v.): cūṅkaroti (?).

CLUE:
     I A ball of thread: sūtrakopam (?).
     II Anything serving to guide: Ph. to get a c. sandhānaṃ prāpnoti (?); to give a. c. sandhānaṃ dadāti (?).

CLUMP:
     1 gucchaḥ;
     2 nicayaḥ saṃhatiḥ, etc. in comp., a c. of creepers: virunnicayaḥ, Ve.; c. of plantain trees: kadalīṣaṇḍaḥ, Mah. or kadalīgulmaḥ Ra.;
     3 vanam (a large c.), a c. of lotus: kumudvanam, Ki.

CLUMSILY:
     1 asamyak;
     2 asundaram;
     3 apaṭu.

CLUMSINESS:
     1 asaundaryam (=inelegancy);
     2 grāmyatā (=rusticity);
     3 apāṭavam (=unskilfulness).

CLUMSY:
     1 asundaraḥ (rī raṃ) (=inelegant);
     2 grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ) (=rustic);
     3 akṛtin (f. ) (=unskilful).

CLUSTER (subs.):
     1 cayaḥ ni-, c. of ashes: bhasmanāṃ cayaḥ, Ki.;
     2 saṃhatiḥ, R.;
     3 stavakaḥ (of fruit or flower), with fresh c. s of flower prasūnastavakairnavīnaiḥ, N.: v. Crowd, assemblage.

CLUSTER (v.): c. ed by wind: anilena viracitasaṃhatiḥ, K.: v. To flock, swarm. "C. ing grapes." *stavakamayāni drākṣāphalāni.

CLUTCH (v.): ādatte (, c. 3): v. To seize, grasp. To c. the hand: muṣṭiṃ badhnāti.

CLUTCHES (subs.): hastaḥ, under the c. of death: mṛtyuhastavartin (f. ), D.

CLYSTER: v. Injection.

COACH: rathaḥ: v. Carriage, chariot.

COACH-MAN: sārathiḥ: v. Charioteer.

COADJUTOR: sahāyaḥ: v. Assistant.

COAGULATE:
     1 ghanībhavati;
     2 śyāmībhavati;
     3 śyāyate (śyai, c. l).

COAGULATION: expr. by verb.

COAL:
     1 aṅgāra, (=charcoal);
     2 aṅgārāśman (m.) or aṅgāramṛttikā. C.-heaver: aṅgāravāhakaḥ (?). C.-pit: aṅgārabhūmiḥ (?).

COALESCE: v. To unite, combine.

COALITION: saṃyogaḥ: v. Communion, alliance.

COARSE:
     I Not fine: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ), c. cloth sthalavastram, P.; body is of two kinds, c. and fine: dvividhaṃ śarīraṃ sthūlaṃ sūkṣmaṃ ca, S. iv. 3.
     II Rude, unpolished, mean: q. v.

COARSELY: v. Rudely, impolitely, meanly.

COARSENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 sthūlatā;
     2 sthaulyam.
     II Rudeness; vulgarity: q. v.

COAST (subs.): tīram, whether he reached the c. tīramagamadvā, D.: v. Shore. Ph.: c.-line velā, R. xiii. 15.; "the c. is clear (i. e. danger is over): niṣkaṇṭakā bhūmiḥ (?).

COAST (v. i.): upakūlaṃ potaṃ vāhayati or potena gacchati (?).

COASTING (adj.): Ph.: c. vessel (i. e. a coaster) *upakūlapotaḥ, c. -trade: *upakūlavāṇijyam.

COAT (subs.): An article of dress: *koṭabh.
     II A covering: q. v.
     1 āvaraṇam, c. s. of mail: dehāvaraṇāni, Ki.: v. Armour;
     2 paṭalam (of the eye). Ph.: c. of arms: *colacihnam.

COAT (v.): v. To cover, overlay.

COATING (subs.): v. Covering, coat (II). C. (of a paint): lepaḥ, K.

COAX (v.): v. To wheedle, fondle, soothe.

COAXING (subs.): v. Coaxingly.

COAXINGLY: i. e. by c.:
     1 priyaśatamadhurābhirvāgbhiḥ K.;
     2 cāṭūktibhiḥ or cāṭuśataiḥ (by flattery), H.;
     3 abhyarthanābhiḥ (begging), K.

COB: aśvaviśeṣaḥ.

COBBLE:
     I To mend: q. v.
     II To do badly: v. To do, badly.

COBBLER: *pādukāsandhātṛ (m.).

COBRA: A snake: phaṇakaraḥ.

COBWEB:
     I Lit.: jāla (mn.) or markaṭakīṭasūtrajālam, V. d., and sim. comp. s (when the meaning is not clear).
     II Fig.: jāla (mn.), D.

COCHINEAL:
     1 lākṣā;
     2 jatu (n.). C. -insect: titibhaḥ.

COCK (subs.):
     1 kukkuṭaḥ;
     2 tāmracūḍaḥ kṛkavākuḥ. A. c. sparrow: caṭakaḥ: v. Male. "The c. of the club:" samājapuṅgavaḥ (?). C. -a-hoop: dṛptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

COCK (v.):
     I To turn up: q. v.: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     II To c. a gun: *bandukasya ghoṭakam unnamayati (ghoṭakaḥ = c. in Bengali). (A) c. ed (hat) sāciniveśitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

COCKADE: *cūḍā; padādisacakaḥ śiraskopari bhṛto'laṅgāraviśeṣaḥ.

COCKATOO: śukajātīyaścūḍāvān pakṣiviśeṣaḥ

COCK'ATRICE: v. Basilisk.

COCK-BOAT: kṣudranaukāḥ v. Boat.

COCK-CHAFER: gomayotthāprabhedaḥ.

COCK-FIGHT, COCK-FIGHTING:
     1 kukkuṭayuddham;
     2 tāmracūḍayuddham, D. v.

COCKLE:
     I A plant: oṣadhibhedaḥ.
     II A shellfish: dīrghakoṣikā (?).

COCKLOFT:
     1 candraśālā;
     2 śirogṛham.

COCKNEY: nāgaraḥ: v. Citizen.

COCKROACH:
     1 tailapā or tailapāyikā;
     2 paroṣṇī;
     3 khalādhārā.

COCKSCOMB: cūḍāḥ v. Coxcomb.

COCOA: *kokam.

COCOANUT: nārikelam. C. -husk: nārikelīphalavalkalam, K.; c. tree: nārikelaḥ -lī; c. water: nārikelāpaḥ or nārikelāntarāpaḥ, Si. iii. 81.; nārikelīrasaḥ, Vi.; c. wine: nārikelāsavaḥ, R. iv. 42.

COCOON:
     1 kṛmikośaḥ (ṣaḥ);
     2 guṭikā.

COD: matsyaviśeṣaḥ C. -liver-oil: *kaḍamatsyatailam.

CODE: saṃhitā, c. of Manu: manusaṃhitā; penal c.: *daṇḍavidhisaṃhitā.

CODICIL: *icchāpatrasya pariśiṣṭam.

CODIFY: p. p. To c. laws: *vidhīn saṃhitāyāṃ nibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

COEFFICIENT: mānam, c. of an unknown quantity: avyaktarāśermānam, Vij.

CO-EQUAL: samaḥ (mā. maṃ): v. Equal.

COERCE (v.): niyantrayati (yantr, c. 10.): v. To restrain, compel.

COERCION: niyantraṇā, K.: v. Restraint, compulsion.

COERCIVE: niyaṇtrṛ (f. ntrī) (?); expr. by circum.

CO-ESSENTIAL: samasvabhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ) (?).

CO-ETERNAL: expr. by circum: v. Eternal.

COEVAL:
     1 samakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 samānakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ), V. d.;
     3 tulyakālaḥ (lā laṃ), V. p.

CO-EXIST (v.): samaṃ or ekatra vartate (vṛt, c. l.) or vidyate (vid, c. 4.).

CO-EXISTENCE: ekakālāvasthāyitvam, V. d.; better by circum.

CO-EXISTENT: expr. by circrm., pleasure and pain are not c.: sukhaduḥkhe na vartete samam.

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CO-EXTENSIVE: *samavistāraḥ (rā raṃ); or by circum.

COFFEE: *kāphiḥ, c. -house: *kāphigṛham; c. -pot: *kāphipātram.

COFFER: dhanabhāṇḍam (?), his c. s are empty: riktāni tasya dhanabhāṇḍāni (?)

COFFIN: śavādhāraḥ, and sim. com. s (?).

COG (subs.): dantaḥ (when the sense is clear) (?); cakradantaḥ (?).

COG (v.): v. To deceive, cheat. C. ged, i. e. furnished with c. s: dantaviśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), and sim. comp.

COGENCY: sāmarthyam: v. Force, weight.

COGENT: balavat (f. ): v. Forcible, weighty.

COGENTLY: v. Forcibly, convincingly.

COGITATE, COGITATION: v. Meditate, meditation.

COGNATE: v. Kindred.

COGNITION: jñānam: v. Knowledge.

COGNITIVE: Ph. c. faculty: jñānendriyam.

COGNIZANCE:
     I Knowledge: q. v.
     II Jurisdiction: q. v.
     III A badge: q. v. Ph. I cannot take c. of it: *idamavekṣituṃ bhe'medhikāro nāsti.

COGNOMEN: paddhatiḥ (?).

COHABIT:
     1 sahavāsaṃ karoti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 saṃvasati (vas, c. 1.).

COHABITATION: sahavāsaḥ or saṃvāsaḥ, M. viii. 373.

COHEIR, COHEIRESS: ṛkthabhāgin (f. ).

COHERENCE, COHERENCY:
     I Adherence: q. v.
     II Connexion, consistency: q. v.

COHERE (v.):
     I To adhere, stick together: q. v.
     II To agree, be consistent: q. v.

COHERENT:
     I Cleaving: saṃsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Consistent, adapted: q. v.

COHESION:
     1 saṃlagnatā;
     2 saṃsaktiḥ;
     3 samāsaktiḥ.

COHESIVE: saṃlagnaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

COHORT gulmaḥ (?).

COIF, COIFFEUR:
     1 śiraskam;
     2 śirastram.

COIL (subs.):
     1 guṇaḥ (of a rope);
     2 kuṇḍalam (of a serpent);
     3 vyāvartanam (c. ing round), by the c. s of the serpent-king: vyāvartanairahipateḥ, Ki.

COIL (v.):
     1 piṇḍīkaroti (into a globe);
     2 kuṇḍalīkaroti, V. p. com. C. ed round by the serpent-king: sarparājena bhogenāveṣṭitaḥ (tā taṃ), V. p.

COIN (subs.):
     1 mudrā, copper -c.: tāmramudrā;
     2 nāṇakam (rare), Mr. To pay any one in his own c. *sadṛśaśodhaṃ dadāti.

COIN (v.):
     I To stamp: ṭaṅkayati (nomi.) (?).
     II To invent, originate: q. v. sṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.).

COINAGE:
     I Coining: ṭaṅkanam (?).
     II Money coined: mudrā.
     III Invention: q. v.: sṛṣṭiḥ.

COINCIDE (v.):
     I To Agree, correspond, concur: q. v.
     II To agree in position: ekībhavati.

COINCIDENCE:
     I Agreement, correspondence: q. v.
     II Agreement in position expr. by verb.
     III Accident: daivayogaḥ.

COINCIDENT, COINCIDENTAL:
     I Of time: samakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Consistent: q. v.
     III Corresponding: q. v.

COINER:
     I Lit.: mudrākāraḥ (?).
     II An inventor, maker: q. v.

COITION: saṅgamaḥ: v. Copulation.

COLANDER: cālanī (=a sieve).

COLD (adj.):
     I Lit:
     1 śītaḥ (tā taṃ), c. weather: śītakālaḥ, Ri. vi. 7.;
     2 śītalaḥ (lā laṃ) (gen. = cool), c. nights: śītalā rātrayaḥ, Ri. V. 4.;
     3 śiśiraḥ (rā raṃ), c. as ice: tuṣāraśiśiraḥ (rā raṃ) K.;
     4 himaḥ (mā maṃ) (rare);
     5 tuṣāraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare);
     6 niruṣṇaḥ (ṣṇā ṣṇaṃ), agharmaḥ (rmā. rmaṃ) etc. (poet). C. season:
     1 hemanta (mn.) (from about the middle of November to about the m. of January);
     2 śiśira (mn.) (from a. the m. of J. to a. the m. of March). Ph. I am c. śītaṃ me, P. iii. 7.
     III Fig.: indifferent, reserved: q. v.

COLD (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śītam, capacity of enduring c.: śītasahiṣṇutā, Ka.;
     2 himam, suffering from c.: himārtaḥ Sa.; save me from c.: himatrāṇaṃ vidhīyatāṃ, P.
     II Catarrh:
     1 prati(tī)śyāyaḥ, giving c.: pratiśyāyakaraḥ (rī raṃ), Sr.;
     2 pīnasaḥ, suffering from c. pīnasin (), Sr. Ph.: to cakS c.: pratiśyāyaḥ sam-jāyate (jan, c. 4.) or bhavati (with gen. of the person).

COLDISH: īṣacchītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Cool.

COLDLY: anādareṇaḥ v. Indifferently, coolly.

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COLDNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 śaityam or śītatā, from great c.: atiśaityāt, M. n.;
     2 niruṣṇatā, etc. (poet).
     II Apathy, indifference: q. v.: anādaraḥ.

COLEWORT: śākaviśeṣaḥ.

COLIC:
     1 śūlam;
     2 vātaśūlam.

COLLAPSE (subs.):
     I Lit.: saṃkocaḥ.
     II Fig.: kṣayaḥ: v. Fall, ruin.

COLLAPSE (v.):
     I To shrink up: q. v.: saṃkucati (kuc, c. 6.).
     II Fig.: to fail q. v.: kṣayaṃ or nāśaṃ gacchati vrajati, etc.

COLLAR (subs.):
     1 graiveyam or graiveyakam;
     2 kaṇṭhikā;
     3 kaṇṭhabhūṣaṇam. C. (of machines): *parikaraḥ.

COLLAR (v. t.):
     1 graiveyakena dharati (dhṛ, c. l.) or gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To seize.

COLLAR-BONE: jatru (n.).

COLLATE:
     I To compare critically:
     1 parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.);
     2 samavalokate (lok, c. l.).
     II To appoint, to confer: q. v.: niyojayati (yuj, c. 10).

COLLATERAL:
     I Indirect: q. v.: prāsaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Of pedigree: not in the direct line: minnaśāsvaḥ (khā khaṃ) (?); upalomaḥ (mā maṃ) (?).

COLLATERALLY: Of indirect descent: expr. by circum.

COLLATION.
     I Comparison:
     1 parīkṣā;
     2 samavalokanam.
     II Presentation to a benefice: niyogaḥ or viniyogaḥ.
     III Cold repast: kalyavartaḥ.

COLLEAGUE: sahakārin (f. ṇī) (?). C. -ship: sahakāritvam (?).

COLLECT (v. t.):
     I To gather:
     1 saṃ-gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.), to c. dust: pāṃśūn saṃgṛhṇāti, M.;
     2 samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.), c. ing dictionaries: koṣān samāhṛtya, Nil.;
     3 samarjayati (arj, c. 10.) (of earning), c. ing gems: samarjayan ratnāni, K.;
     4 sannipātayati (c. of pat) (=to assemble: q. v.);
     5 ādatte (, c. 3.) (=to take) (only of taxes etc.);
     6 rāśīkaroti pūgīkaroti or puñjīkaroti (c. into a heap). Ph.: to c. one's self ātmānaṃ saṃsthāpayati paryava-, (c. of sthā), Mr. iii. To infer: q. v.

COLLECT (v. i.):
     1 samāgacchati (gam, c. 2.), samaiti (i, c. 2.), etc.: v. To assemble;
     2 rāśībhavati pūgībhavati puñjībhavati (=to c. into a heap).

COLLECT (subs.): sūktam (?): v. Prayer.

COLLECTED (adj.): i. e. not disconcerted, cool: sthiraḥ (rā raṃ), you should be always c. like this: evameva sadā bhāvyaṃ sthireṇa..., Mah.

COLLECTION:
     I The act:
     1 saṃgrahaḥ;
     2 samāhāraḥ (rare).
     II Assemblage, crowd: q. v.: saṅghaḥ.
     III Money collected. Ph.: pay your c. s *yaddhanaṃ tvayā samāhṛtaṃ taddehi.
     IV Conclusion: q. v.

COLLECTIVE:
     1 samavetaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ). C. -ness: saṅghavṛttitā, Ki.

COLLECTIVELY: expr. by adj., the birds c.: saṃhatāstu vihaṅgamāḥ, H.: v. Jointly, together.

COLLECTOR: saṃgrahītṛ or samāhartṛ (f. rtrīṃ) (?), tax -c.: *karasamāhartā; c. of a district (in India): karanāyakaḥ (after daṇḍanāyakaḥ magistrate); c. of customs: *śulkanāyakaḥ.

COLLEGE: vidyālayaḥ or pradhānavidyālayaḥ, and sim. comp. s; of your c. -life atramavataḥ vidyāgṛhamadhivasataḥ, K.

COLLEGIAN: chātraḥ (=student, pupil: q. v.).

COLLEGIATE: expr. by com., c. church: *vidyālayadharmamandiram.

COLLIER: *aṅgārakhanakaḥ or aṅgārāśamakhanakaḥ.

COLLIERY: *aṅgārakhaniḥ; aṅgārāśmakhaniḥ.

COLLISION: saghaṭṭaḥ (with a defining word when the sense is not clear, as *lohapathayānasaṅghaṭṭaḥ to denote railway c.).

COLLOCATION: vityāsaḥ: v. Arrangement.

COLLOP: phālikā, c. of meat: māṃsaphālikā, N. xvi. 82.: v. Piece.

COLLOQUIAL: Ph.: c. language prākṛtabhāṣā (?); c. talent: sambhāṣaṇaśaktiḥ (?).

COLLOQUIALISM: prākṛtabhāṣāprayogaḥ (?), Latin c.: *prākṛtalāṭinabhāṣāprayogaḥ.

COLLOQUY: v. Coversation.

COLLUDE: v. To conspire.

COLLUSION:
     1 nibhṛtasaṃyogaḥ (=secret union);
     2 śaṭhyam (=deceit: q. v.).

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COLLUSIVELY: nibhṛtasaṃyogena (?);
     2 śāṭhyena: v. Deceitfully.

COLOCYNTH:
     1 indravāruṇī;
     2 mṛgādanī.

COLON: *dvibinducihnam; kolanam.

COLONEL: vāhinīpatiḥ.

COLONELCY, COLONELSHIP: *vāhinīpatitvam; vāhinīpatipadam.

COLONIAL: expr. by comp. c. governor: *adhiniveśapālaḥ.

COLONIST: *adhiniveśin (f. ) or adhiniveśavāsin (f. ).

COLONIZE: *adhiniveśayati (c. of viś), should c. places by the excess population of one's country: janapadaṃ svadeśābhiṣyandavamanena niveśayet, M. n.

COLONNADE: *stambhāvaliḥ.

COLONY: adhiniveśaḥ.

COLOSSAL: mahāpramāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), K. v.: Huge.

COLOSSUS: *kolakṣaḥ bṛhatpratimābhedaḥ.

COLOUR (subs.):
     I A property of bodies:
     1 varṇaḥ, seeing that it changed c. in a golden vessel: kanakabhājane varṇāntaramupagatamupalabhya, Mu. ii.;
     2 rāgaḥ or raṅgaḥ (rare), c. of the cheek: kapolarāgaḥ, Ki.
     II A pigment:
     1 raṅgaḥ, of lasting c. sthiraraṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ);
     2 varṇaḥ -kaḥ (rare), from the vividness of the c. varṇakocchvāsāt, Sa. vi. Ph.: you know how to paint sin in the blackest c. s: *ghorakṛṣṇaraṅgaiḥ pātakaṃ citrayituṃ jānāsi.
     III Pretext q. v.: vyapadeśaḥ.
     IV In pl. a. flag, ensign: q. v.: dhvajaḥ.

COLOUR (v. t.):
     I Lit:
     1 rañjayati (c. of rañj);
     2 varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.) (rare in this sense);
     3 citrayati (citr, c. 10.) (=to paint).
     II To palliate, pretend: q. v.

COLOUR (v. i.): Ph.: his face c. ed *tasya vadanamāraktaṃ babhūva or raktavarṇamāpede or bheje.

COLOURABLE: v. Plausible.

COLOURED (adj.): Ph.: red -c. raktavarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ); many -c. nānāvarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) c. people. āphrikādideśīyakṛṣṇavarṇalokāḥ.

COLOURING (subs.):
     I Lit.: rañjanam.
     II Fig., of style: varṇanam: v. Ornament.

COLOURIST: citrakaraḥ (=painter: q. v.: not rañjakaḥ, which = dyer).

COLOURLESS:
     1 avarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ);
     2 varṇahīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

COLOURMAN: raṅgavikrayī or raṅgavikretā (?).

COLT:
     1 aśvaśāvaḥ (of a horse);
     2 gardabhaśāvaḥ (of an ass).

COLUMN:
     I A pillar: q. v.: stambhaḥ.
     II Military: sūciḥ or sūcivyūhaḥ, should march in file or c.: daṇḍavyūhena sūcyā vā yāyāt, M.
     III Of a page: *dhārā.

COMB (subs.):
     I For hair:
     1 prasādhanī;
     2 kaṅkatikā.
     II For carding wool: *mārjanī (?).
     III Of a cock: cūḍā.
     IV Honeycomb: q. v. V. A valley: q. v.

COMB (v. t.): sammārjayati (mṛj, c. 10): v. To dress.

COMBAT (subs.): v. Battle, contest. Ph.: single-c. dvandvayuddham, close c.: niyuddham.

COMBAT (v. i.): v. To contend, struggle.

COMBAT (v. t.):
     I To fight with: q. v.
     II To oppose, resist: q. v.

COMBATANT:
     I Lit: yoddhṛ (f. ddhrī).
     II Fig.: virodhin (f. ).

COMBATIVE: yuyutsu (mfn.).

COMBINATION:
     1 saṃhatiḥ, to break their c.: tatsaṃsaṃhatibhedāya, Mu. II.; c. even of little things: alpānāmapi vastūnāṃ saṃhatiḥ, H.;
     2 samavāyaḥ, much more their c.: kimutasamavāyaḥ, K.: v. Union. Ph.: c. of letters: sandhiḥ, c. (in algebra) *samavāyaḥ.

COMBINE (v.):
     I Trans.: v. To join, unite.
     II Intrans.: expr. by the parts: saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ), samavetaḥ (tā taṃ), or militaḥ (tā taṃ), they c. d together to invade it: itamabhiyoktuṃ militā babhubuḥ.

COMBUSTIBLE:
     1 dāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ);
     2 dahanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Any c. material:
     1 dāhyam or dāhyapadārthaḥ;
     2 indhanam, R. xiii. 4.

COMBUSTION:
     1 dāhaḥ;
     2 dahanam.

COME:
     1 āgacchati (gam, c. l), I am c. ing: ayamāgato'smi, Mr. ix.; does not c. (back) yet: nādyāpyagacchati, Mr. v.; will he c. here: kimayamatrāgamiṣyati, K.;
     2 eti (i, c. 2), c. c. my child: ehyehi vatsa, Vi. i.;
     3 āyāti (, c. 2), came to Yudhishthira: yudhiṣṭhiraṃ samāyayau, Ki. i. 1. Ph.: the summer season is c.: nidādhakālo'yamupāgataḥ, Ri. i. l.; the news of his father's death is c.: tasya pitṛmaraṇavārtā samāgatā. N. B. These verbs take an acc.

COME ABOUT: v. Pass, come to.

COME AFTER:
     I To go after, follow: q. v.: anugacchati (gam, c. l).
     II To come for: Ph.: he came after a book: *sa pustakārthamājagāma.

COME AGAIN: pratyāgacchati (gam, c. l): v. To come back, return.

COME ALONG:
     1 āgacchati;
     2 eti: v. To come.

COME AT: adhigacchati (gam, c. l): v. To reach, attain.

COME AWAY:
     I To depart: q. v.
     II To come off: q. v.

COME BACK:
     1 pratyāgacchati;
     2 pratyāyāti (, c. 2);
     3 pratyāvartate (vṛt, c. 2).

COME BY: i. e. to gain, obtain, acquire: q. v.

COME DOWN:
     I To get down, descend: q. v. avatarati (tṝ, c. l).
     II To be handed down: Ph. the writings of Kālidāsa have c. to us: kālidāsakṛtaprabandhā asmatsakāśamāgatāḥ.

COME FORTH: nirgacchati (gam, c. l): v. To come out.

COME IN:
     I To enter: q. v.: praviśati (viś, c. 6):
     II To comply: q. v.
     III To become fashionable: v. Fashionable.

COME IN FOR: Ph.: they did not c. in for a share: *aṃśagrahaṇāya nājagmuḥ.

COME INTO: v. To agree, comply. Ph.: c. into vogue: pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. l); then they will c. into my power: vaśameṣyanti me tadā, H. i.

COME NEAR:
     I Lit.: upasarpati (sṛp, c. l): v. To approach.
     II Fig.: Ph.: nothing ancient or modern c. s near this achievement *etādṛśaṃ karma kadāpi na sampannam.

COME OF: i. e. to issue or produce from: q. v.

COME OFF:
     I To come out of: niṣpatati (pat, c. l), fire came off his eye: akṣṇaḥ kṛśānuḥ kila niṣpapāta, Ku.:
     II To be carried through: nirgacchati.
     III To take place: q. v.: āpatati.

COME OUT:
     I Lit.: nirgacchati;
     2 niṣkrāmati: v. To go out.
     II Of the teeth etc.:
     1 udgacchati nir-, (gam, c. l);
     2 udeti (i, c. 2);
     3 udbhinatti (bhid, c. 7), as no beard had c. out anubhdinnaśmaśrurājitayā, K. iii. To be published: nirgacchati or bahirgacchati: v. To publish.

COME OUT TO MEET or RECEIVE:
     1 pratyudgacchati (gam, c. l), R. viii. 64.;
     2 pratyudeti (i, c. 2);
     2 pratyudyāti (, c. 2).

COME OVER:
     I To pass over: Ph.: if they get an assailant like you, they will leave him and c. over to you: tvadṛśamabhiyoktāramāsādyai naṃ parityajya tvāmevāśrayante, Mu. iv.
     II Of feelings, etc. Ph.: a sudden chill came over him *sahasā tasya gātraṃ śītaṃ babhūva.

COME ROUND: Ph.: he will c. round to our opinion: sa svamataṃ parityajyāsmākaṃ mataṃ grahīṣyati or matāvalambanaṃ kariṣyati.

COME SHORT: nyūnībhavati (bhū, c. l): v. To Fall short.

COME TO:
     I Lit.: v. To come. N. B. With respect to persons sakāśaṃ should be used: I have c. to you here: tvatsakāśamihāgataḥ, M. p. Ph.: c. to memory smṛtibhāgacchati, A. r.; c. to one's ears: śrutipathamāyāti, Sa., śrutimāgacchati, N.; c. to pieces: khaṇḍakhaṇḍaṃ bhavati, let it never c. to pass: māsmabhūt, Ki.; c. to one's self: saṃjñāṃ labhate (labh, c. l) v. To recover; c. to life: ujjīvati (jīv, l); c. to an end: avasānaṃ gacchatiḥ v. To end; c. to an agreement: v. To agree.
     II To arrive at: q. v. III: To amount to: q. v.

COME UP:
     I Lit.: āpatati prā- sanni-, (pat, c. l), saw Keyuraka c. -ing up: āpatantaṃ keyūrakamadrākṣīt, K.
     II To spring, come out: q. v.: nirgacchati.

COME UP TO:
     I To arrive at:
     1 samupagacchati;
     2 samāgacchati;
     3 samāyāti:
     4 samupasarpati (sṛp, c. l).
     II Fig.: to equal: q. v.

COME UP WITH: v. To overtake.

COME UPON: ākrāmati (kram, c. l): v. To attach.

COMEDIAN:
     I An actor: q. v.: naṭaḥ.
     II A writer: *harṣapradhānanāṭakalekhakaḥ, or racayitṛ (m.) or -kṛta,

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COMEDY: *harṣapradhānanāṭakaṃ (or less precisely) nāṭakam.

COMELINESS: v. Suitableness, symmetry, gracefulness.

COMELY:
     I Becoming: q. v.
     II Beautiful, handsome: q. v.: sudarśanaḥ (nā naṃ).

COMET:
     1 dhūmaketuḥ, Ku. iii. 32.;
     2 ketuḥ, Vi.

COMETARY:
     1 by comp. with dhamaketu-;
     2 by gen. of dhūmaketu.

COMFIT: v. Sweetmeat.

COMFORT (v. t.): āśvāsayati (c. of śvas): v. Console, cheer.

COMFORT (subs.):
     I Consolation, solace: q. v.: āśvāsaḥ.
     II Pleasure: sukham, enjoying every c. sarvasukhānyanumavantaḥ, K.

COMFORTABLE: are you c. here: apyatra bhavatyāḥ sukham? V. p.: v. Pleasant.

COMFORTABLY: sukha-, in comp., sleeping c.: sukhasuptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), Mah.: v. Pleasantly, conveniently.

COMFORTER: āśvāsakaḥ or expr. by verb: v. To console.

COMFORTLESS; v. Uncomfortable.

COMIC, COMICAL:
     I Diverting, sportive: q. v.:
     1 hāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 hāsajananaḥ (nī naṃ).
     II Relating to a comedy: is this drama c. *api nāṭakamidaṃ harṣapradhānam.

COMING:
     I Subs: āgamaḥ -naṃ.
     II Adj.: āgāmin (f. ).

COMMA: *kamā; padavicchedakacihnaviśeṣaḥ.

COMMAND (v. t.):
     I To give a c.:
     1 ājñāpayati saṃ-, (c. of jñā) (with two acc.), c. (me) what you have to be done: ājñāpaya yatte karaṇīyamasti, Ku. iii. 3;
     2 ā-diśati ni-, (diś, c. 6): v. To order.
     II To be in c. of:
     1 adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. l), the forces c. ed by my father: tātādhiṣṭhitānāṃ balānām, Ve. iii.;
     2 adhyāste (ās, c. 2), Virūpāksha wanted to c. the heart of the city: virūpākṣaḥ purodaramavyāsisiṣāṃcakre, B. xiv. 16.
     III To govern, control: q. v.
     IV Of position; expr. by circum, the house c. s a beautiful view of the lake: *asmādgṛhātsaraḥ sundaramavalokayintuṃ śakyate.

COMMAND (subs.):
     I Order:
     1 ājñā, at Rāma's c. rāmājñayā, R.;
     2 ādeśa: or nideśaḥ, receiving their master's c.: bharturādeśaṃ samavāpya, Ki. vi. 43,;
     3 śāsanam (a stronger term), who would transgress your majesty's c.: kodevasya śāsanamullaṅghayiṣyati, Mu. iii.;
     4 niyogaḥ (=direction), by his father's c.: piturniyogāt, R. xiv. 43.
     II The power to c.: expr. by circum., putting himself in c. of his treasury and army: tatkoṣavāhanamātmādhiṣṭhitaṃ kṛtvā, D. viii.: v. To command (II); appoint (him) to the c. of the army: abhiṣicyatāṃ saināpatye, Ve.
     III Control, government: q. v.

COMMANDANT: v. Commander.

COMMANDER:
     I Lit.:
     1 ājñāpakaḥ, c. of all kings: sarvabhūtalabhujāmājñāpakaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     2 ādeṣṭṭa (m.).
     II Of an army:
     1 senānīḥ;
     2 senāpatiḥ;
     3 senādhyakṣaḥ
     III Of a vessel: potādhyakṣaḥ; potanāyakaḥ; and im. comp. s. Ph.: c. -in-chief: mahāsanāpatiḥ (used in ancient grants): v. Generalissimo.

COMMEMORATE: kīrtayati saṃ-, (kīrt, c. 10) (?): v. To celebrate.

COMMEMORATION: saṃkīrtanam (?): v. Celebration.

COMMEMORATIVE: smārakaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

COMMENCE:
     1 ārabhate (rabh, c. l);
     2 prakramate (kram, c. l): v. To begin.

COMMENCEMENT:
     1 ārambhaḥ;
     2 prārambhaḥ: v. Beginning.

COMMEND (v. t.):
     I To entrust, deliver: q. v.: arpayati (c. of ).
     II To praise: q. v.: praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. l).
     III To recommend: q. v.
     IV To present as worthy of regard: expr. by abhimataḥ (tā taṃ) or circum., what you say does not c. to me: tvadvaco nāminandāmi, Sa.

COMMENDABLE: śalādhyaḥ (dhthā ghyaṃ): v. Praiseworthy.

COMMENDABLY: v. Laudably.

COMMENDATION:
     I Approbation, praise: q. v.
     II Recommendation: q. v.
     III Compliments: q. v.

COMMENDATORY:
     I Subs.: v. Praise.
     II Adj.: expr. by comp. Ph.: this is c.: arthavāda eṣaḥ, U.

COMMENSURABLE: sajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).

COMMENSURATE:
     I Lit.: sajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).
     II Proportional: q. v.

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COMMENT (v.):
     I To annotate: q. v.
     II To make remarks: anuyunakti (yuj, c. l) (?): v. Remark.

COMMENT (subs.):
     I In pl., observations, remarks: q. v.
     II Annotation, explanation: q. v.

COMMENTARY:
     I Lit.:
     1 vyākhyā;
     2 vṛttiḥ, c. on Manu: manuvṛttiḥ, K. b.;
     3 ṭīkā, Rāmāyaṇa with its c.: saṭīkaṃ rāmāyaṇam;
     4 bhāṣyam (=c. on aphorisms).
     II Criticism: q. v. Ph.: c. s. of Caesar.: *kiṃśūravyākhyānam.

COMMENTATOR:
     1 vyākhyātṛ (m.);
     2 ṭīkākāraḥ;
     3 bhāṣyakāraḥ (c. of aphorisms).

COMMENTITIOUS: kālpanikaḥ (kī kaṃ): V. Fictitious.

COMMERCE:
     I Trade, traffic: vāṇijyam.
     II Intercourse: q. v.

COMMERCIAL:
     1 comp. with vāṇijya-;
     2 vāṇijyaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ). C.-treaty *vāṇijyadravyāṇāmāgamanirgamaviṣayakaḥ sandhiḥ; a c. nation *vāṇijyaparāyaṇā jātiḥ.

COMMINATION: tarjanamḥ v. Threat, menace.

COMMINGLE: miśrayati saṃ-, (miśr, c. 10.): v. To mingle.

COMMINUTE: cūrṇayati (cūrṇ, c. 10.): v. To pulverize, grind.

COMMISERATE: dayate (day, c. l.): v. To pity.

COMMISERATION:
     1 dayā;
     2 anukampāḥ v. Pity.

COMMISSARIAT:
     I The department: *vīvadhadānavibhāgaḥ
     II Commissaryship: adhikāraḥ (?)

COMMISSARY: adhikṛtaḥ (?), c. of horse: *aśvādhikṛtaḥ.

COMMISSION (subs.):
     I Perpetration: q. v.: Ph.: c. of sin: pāpācaraṇam, K. b.; was caught in the c. of theft: cauryaṃ kurvan gṛhītaḥ.
     II Entrusting: arpaṇam sam-.
     III The business entrusted: niyogaḥ, attend to your c.: svaṃ niyogamaśūnyaṃ kuru, Sa.
     IV A number of persons joined in an office or trust: *parīkṣakāḥ (m. pl.). V. Allowance for transacting business: no equiv.: expr. by circum.
     VI In the army: padam (?).

COMMISSION (v.): niyuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.): v. To charge, empower.

COMMISSIONER:
     I In gen. sense: adhikṛtaḥ, a careless c.: adhikṛtaḥ pramādī, H.
     II Of a divi sion: pradeśapālaḥ.

COMMIT (v. t.):
     I To entrust: q. v.: arpayati, sam-, (c. of ), c. these (prisoners) to his care: tasmai samarpayaitān, P. Ph.: was c. ted to prison: bandhanamanīyata, D. ii.; to c. to the sessions: *adhiveśanavicārārtham arpayati; to c. to memory: kaṇṭhasthaṃ karoti; c. (this) to writing : abhilikhyatām, Mr. ix.
     II To perpetrate : karoti (kṛ, c. 8.), to c. crimes wilfully: kāmataḥ pāpāni karoti M.; one who c. s an offence : aparādhin (f. ).
     III To makS: q. v.

COMMITMENT: To the sessions: *adhiveśana- vicārārpaṇam. For other senses: v. To commit.

COMMITTEE: sabhā.

COMMODIOUS: v. Convenient, comfortable.

COMMODIOUSLY: v. Conveniently, comfort ably.

COMMODIOUSNESS:
     I Convenience: q. v.
     II. Spaciousness: q. v.

COMMODITY: paṇyam, import and export of c. s paṇyānāmāgamanirgamau, M.

COMMON (adj.):
     I Belonging to more than one:
     1 sādhāraṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ), c. property sādhāraṇadhanam, Da.; c. to many: bahusādhāraṇa (ṇī ṇaṃ), Da.;
     2 sāmānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), thi (gem) is c. to me and Balabhadra: etanma. balabhadrasya ca sāmānyam, V. p.
     II Usual, ordinary
     1 sādhāraṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ), c. council: sādhāraṇasabhā c. crier: *sādhāraṇaghoṣakaḥ; c. noun: *sādhāraṇanāma (n.);
     2 sāmānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), "c. dame" sāmānyanāyikā, Sah.; c. weaver: sābhānyakaulika P. ii. 5.; c. word: sāmānyaśabdaḥ, N. d,; a c. man: sāmānyajanaḥ, Ra. v. (itaraḥ, V. p.). Ph. c. saying: janapravādaḥ, N.; c. gender: strīpuṃliṅgam c. law: deśācāraḥ; the c. people: laukikāḥ, T. or prakṛtayaḥ, R.; c. sense: vivekaḥ.

COMMON; IN:
     1 sāmānyena or sāmānyataḥ, but the three gems were held in c.: kintu ratnatrayaṃ sābhānye sthitabh, Vet.;
     2 sādhāraṇyena, in c. with others *anyeṣāṃ sādhāraṇyena.

COMMON (subs.): sādhāraṇapracārabhūmiḥ, V. p. com.

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COMMONPLACE:
     I Adj.: sāmānyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ). C. book: *sāmānyasanniveśaḥ.
     II Subs.: sādhāraṇapravādaḥ.

COMMONAGE: sādhāraṇabhūmau pracārādhikāraḥ.

COMMONALTY: v. Commons. (I)

COMMONS:
     I The mass of the people:
     1 prajāḥ (f. pl.);
     2 prakṛtayaḥ (f. pl.);
     3 lokāḥ (m. pl.). The House of C.: *prajāsabhā. A member of the H. of C.: *prajāsabhāsadasyaḥ or prajāsabhāsthaḥ.
     II Provisions, food: q. v.

COMMONLY:
     1 sādhāraṇyena;
     2 sāmānyataḥ: v. Usually.

COMMOMWEALH: sādhāraṇatantram (?).

COMMOTION: kṣobhaḥ: v. Agitation, tumult.

COMMUNE (v. i.): sambhāṣate (bhāṣa c. l.): v. To converse.

COMMUNE: (subs.): maṇḍalam (?).

COMMUNICABLE:
     1 deyaḥ pra-, (yā yaṃ), (what can be given);
     2 kathanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be spoken).

COMMUNICATE (v. t.):
     I To impart, bestow: q. v.:
     1 dadāti (, c. 4.), to c. knowledge: vidyāṃ dātum, Ki.;
     2 vitarati (tṝ, c. l.), c. d. meditatian yogaṃ vitatāra, Ki.
     II To reveal: q. v.:
     1 kathayati (katha, c. 10.), c. (to us) the cause of your distemper: kathaya kiṃnimittaste'yaṃ santāpaḥ, Sa. iii.: v. To speak;
     2 ākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), what cannot be c. d: anākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ), K.: v. To represent.
     III To share: q. v.

COMMUNICATE (v. i.);:
     I To share: q. v.
     II To converse: q. v.

COMMUNICATION:
     I The act of imparting:
     1 dānam;
     2 vitaraṇam.
     II Conversation: q. v.
     III Intercourse: q. v.
     IV News: q. v.: sandeśaḥ: v. Passage: q. v.

COMMUNICATIVE: v. Frank, affable.

COMMUNICATIVENESS: v. Frankness.

COMMUNION:
     I Intercourse: q. v.: saṃsargaḥ.
     II The Lord's supper: *prabhorbhojanam.
     III A. body of Christians: samājaḥ.

COMMUNITY:
     I Common possession: sāmānyam.
     II A society of people: samājaḥ.
     III The people in general: prajāḥ (f. pl.).

COMMUTABLE: expr. by ph.: v. To COMMUTE.

COMMUTATION: parivartanam: v. Change, exchange.

COMMUTE:
     I To exchange: q. v.
     II Of punishment: his sentence of death was c. d to banishment: *tasya prāṇadaṇḍamunmūlya nirvāsanabhādiṣṭam.

COMPACT (adj.):
     1 saṃhataḥ (tāṃ taṃ), su-;
     2 niviḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ);
     3 sāndraḥ (ndrā ndraṃ): v. Dense.

COMPACT (v. t.): su-saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ) karoti.

COMPACT (subs.): saṃvid (f.): v. Contract, agreement.

COMPACTLY: expr. by adj.: v. Densely.

COMPACTNESS:
     I Density, solidity,: q. v.: saṃdhātaḥ
     II Of style: saṃkṣepaḥ.

COMPANION:
     1 sahacaraḥ (f. ), in the hand of his c. spring: sahacaramadhuhaste, Ku.;
     2 sakhā (f. khī) (=boon c.), in the presence of her two c. s.: sakhyoḥ samakṣam, Ku.;
     3 sahacārin (f. ṇī), they were c. s from childhood and exceedingly fond of each other: tau bālyāt prabhṛti sahacāriṇau parasparamatīva snehaparau, P.: v. Also partner, attendant.

COMPANIONABLE: v. Affable, sociable.

COMPANIONSHIP:
     1 sāhacaryam, Ku.;
     2 sahacaratvam, M. n..

COMPANY:
     I Companionship: q. v. To bear c.: v. To accompany. To keep c.: v. To associate.
     II An assemblage or association: q. v.:
     1 samājaḥ;
     2 dalam.
     III For trading purposes: *dalam.
     IV Of soldiers:
     1 gulbhaḥ;
     2 dalam (?). V. A ship's crew: q. v.

COMPARABLE:
     1 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ);
     2 sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ): v. Like.

COMPARATIVE
     I Not positive: Ph.: c. levity to water: *jalāpekṣayā lāghavam; the c. advantages of this place: anyānyasthānāpekṣāyāsya sthānasya guṇāḥ.
     II In gram.: dvayorekasyātiśayadyotakaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     III Based on comprehensive comparison: c. anatomy: *viśvavyavacchedavidyāsāraḥ.

COMPARATIVELY: often not expr., c. taller: drādhīyasa (f. ), Ki. xi. 2.; c. lovelier: pūrvākārādhikatararuc, R. viii. 95.: v. Comparative (I.)

COMPARE (v. t.):
     I To examine: q. v.: ekatraparīkṣate (īkṣ, c. l.).
     II To liken q. v.:
     1 tulayati (tul, c. 10.), and it is c. d with the moon: tadapi ca śaśāṅkena tulitam, J.;
     2 upamimīte (, c. 3.), there is nothing to be c. d with you nor any thing with which you may be c. d: nopamānamasi nāpyupameyaḥ, Ki.

COMPARED WITH:
     1 tulanayā;
     2 aupamyena;
     3 better by comp. degree.

COMPARISON:
     1 tulā or tulanā, then there could be c. with her: asyāstataḥ syāttulanāpi nāma, N.;
     2 upabhā -naṃ, bore c. with trees: mahīruhāṇāmupamānaṃ dadhuḥ, Si.: v. Likeness. Standard of c.: upamānam, your body which was the standard of c. on account of its beauty: upamānamabhūtkaraṇaṃ yattava kāntimattayā, Ku. Subject of c.: upameyaḥ (yā yaṃ) of the standard and the subject of c. upamānopameyayoḥ, Kav.

COMPARTMENT:
     I Of an edifice:
     1 kakṣā;
     2 śālā; houses with numerous c. s: bhūriśālāni gṛhāṇi, Si.
     II A division:
     1 khaṇḍa (mn.);
     2 paricchedaḥ;
     3 vimāgaḥ.

COMPASS (subs.):
     I Circuit, extent: q. v.: parisaraḥ.
     II An instrument: diṅnirṇayayantram.

COMPASS (v.):
     I To encompass: q. v.
     II To attain: q. v.: adhigacchati.
     III To contrive: q. v.

COMPASSION:
     1 anukampā, c. for animals: bhūtānukampā, R.;
     2 anukrośaḥ (rare): v. Pity.

COMPASSION, TO HAVE or FEEL: anukampate (kamp, c. l.) (with acc.). v.: To pity.

COMPASSIONATE (adj.): karuṇārdraḥ (rdrā rdraṃ);
     2 sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 kṛpālu (mfn.);
     4 dayālu (mfn.);
     5 sānukampaḥ (mpā mpaṃ);
     6 kāruṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Pitiful.

COMPASSIONATELY:
     1 sānukampam;
     2 sadayam;
     3 kṛpayā.

COMPATIBLE: susaṅgataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Suitable.

COMPATRIOT: svadeśīyasahayogin (m.) (?).

COMPEER: vayasyaḥ: v. Friend, companion.

COMPEL:
     I To constrain: expr. by casual form with balāt or balena, should be c. led to reside: balād vāsayitavyaḥ, Vri.; to c. to do work: balādiṣṭaṃ karma kārayati, Viv.
     II To seize: balād gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.). C. led: sometime = must: q. v.

COMPELLABLE: expr. by future pass. part: c. to pay: balāddāpyaḥ (pyā pyaṃ); c. to do: balāt kāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ).

COMPLELLATION: sambhāṣaṇam; ābhāṣaṇam.

COMPEND: v. Compendium.

COMPENDIOUS: saṃkṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ): v. Brief, concise.

COMPENDIOUSLY: samāsenaḥ v. Briefly, concisely.

COMPENDIUM:
     1 sāraḥ, c. of political science: notisāraḥ;
     2 sārasaṃgrahaḥ, S. g.

COMPENSATE (v. t.):
     I To recompense: udayaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), Viv.
     II To counterbalance, c. for: often expr. by dūrīkaroti (=distance.).

COMPENSATION:
     1 udayaḥ;
     2 niṣkṛtiḥ (of a debt).

COMPETE: spardhate (spardh, c. l.), the accursed Rākshasa is c. ing with me: mayā saha spardhate rākṣasahatakaḥ, Mu.: v. To emulate, contend.

COMPETENCE, COMPETENCY:
     1 sāmarthyam;
     2 śaktiḥ, according to one's c. śaktyapekṣam, N.: v. Ability, sufficiency.

COMPETENT:
     I Fit.: q. v.: yogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ), c. minister: yogyasacivaḥ, Ra.; c. to give evidence: sākṣitvayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ), K. b.
     II Able: q. v.: samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ).
     III Belonging to: q. v.

COMPETENTLY: expr. by adj.: v. Sufficiently.

COMPETITION: spardhā (=emulation); pratiyogitā (=opposition); *sahārthitā.

COMPETITOR: pratispardhin (f. ); sahārthin (f. ) (?).

COMPILATION:
     I The act: saṅkalanam.
     II A compiled work: saṅkalitagranthaḥ.

COMPILE (v. t.): Ph.: a Sanskrit dictionary c. d by Tārānāth Bhaṭṭāchārya śrītārānāthamaṭṭācāryeṇa saṅkalitaṃ (kal c. l. and 10.) saṃskṛtābhidhānam; c. d. from the works of the elders: pūrveṣāṃ śāstrāṇyāloḍyopanyāsthat (asa, c. 4.), D. s.

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COMPILER: saṅkalayitṛ (f. trī) (when the meaning is clear); śāstrāntarebhyaḥ saṅkalayitṛ (f. trī).

COMPLACENCY:
     I Satisfaction: q. v.: prasādaḥ.
     II Civility: saujanyam.

COMPLACENT: prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Pleasing.

COMPLACENTLY:
     1 expr. by the adj;
     2 prasannamanasā.

COMPLAIN: did not c. of her husband: bharturavarṇaṃ nāvadata, R.; c. ed all this in piteous language: kathayamāsa tatsarvaṃ khedātkaruṇabhāṣiṇī, V. p.; otherwise I will go and c. in the court: anyathā rājakulaṃ gatvā nivedayiṣyāmi, P.: To represent, lament, accuse.

COMPLAINANT:
     1 abhiyoktṛ (f. ktrī);
     2 arthin (f. );
     3 vādin (f. ).

COMPLAINT:
     I In law: abhiyogaḥ
     II A discase: pīḍā.
     III In gen. sense:
     1 duḥkham (=distress);
     2 vilāpaḥ (= lamentation). Ph.: I have heard c. s against you: śruto mayā tavāpavādaḥ, P.

COMPLAISANCE: dākṣiṇyam, from c. towards (us) seeking your favour praṇayiṣu dākṣiṇyavaśāt, V.: v. Courtesy.

COMPLAISANT:
     I Of men:
     1 dakṣiṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 dākṣiṇyaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), L.
     II Of acts: priyaḥ (yā yaṃ), conduct (of gentlemen) is c.: priyaprāyā vṛttiḥ, U.; with hundreds of c. language like these: ityādibhiḥ priyaśataiḥ, U.

COMPLAISANTLY: dākṣiṇyena or dākṣiṇyātiśayena: v. Courteously.

COMPLEMENT:
     I That which completes: pūrakaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II An accessory: sahāyaḥ, Sah.

COMPLETE: (adj.):
     1 pūrṇaḥ (f. rṇā), pari- saṃ-, (=full), not c. by one: ekenāpūrṇaḥ (f. rṇā), R. iii. 33.;
     2 samāptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ) (=finished, concluded), one whose knowledge is c.: samāptavidyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ), R.

COMPLETE (v. t.):
     I To accomplish, finish:
     1 samāpayati pari-, (c. of āp) (best equi.), to bring Chandrāpida, who had c. d his knowledge of all arts: parisamāptasakalakalāvijñānaṃ candrāpīḍamānetum, K.;
     2 avasāyayati (c. of so), c. ing the injunction: vidhimavasāyya, R. v. 76;
     3 aśeṣayati (nomi.), c. ing what was to be done: kṛtyamaśeṣayitvā, Ku. vii. 29.
     II To make up: pūrayati pari- saṃ-, (pūr, c. 10.), he has c. d it now: tadasau samprati parya pūrayat, Si. xvi. 36.

COMPLETELY:
     1 sampūrṇam (=fully);
     2 aśeṣataḥ and sim. comp. s (=without anything left), (their) wishes are c. fulfilled: niravaśeṣaṃ phalitā manorathāḥ, Ma. x.: v. Entirely.

COMPLETENESS:
     1 sampūrṇatā;
     2 paripūrṇatā;
     3 pūrṇatā.

COMPLETION:
     1 samāpanam (the act): v. Accomplishment;
     2 samāptiḥ (the state): v. End.

COMPLEX: viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Intricate.

COMPLEXION:
     I Colour of the skin: varṇaḥ, of a dark c.: kṛṣṇavarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ). Ph.: their c. fell: sa vivarṇabhāvaṃ prapede, R. vi. 63.
     II Appearance: q. v.: ākāraḥ.
     III Temperament: q. v.

COMPLEXITY: vaiṣamyam: v. Intricacy.

COMPLIANCE:
     1 anukūlatā;
     2 anuvṛttiḥ;
     3 anuvidhāyitvam.

COMPLIANT:
     I Pliant: q. v.
     II Obliging:
     1 anurodhin (f. );
     2 anuvidhāyin (f. );
     3 anuvṛttikuśalaḥ (lā laṃ).

COMPLICATE (v.):
     1 viṣamīkaroti;
     2 saṅkulīkaroti.

COMPLICATION: saṅkaṭam (?).

COMPLICITY:
     1 sahāyitā;
     2 sahayogitā;
     3 sahakāritā.

COMPLIMENT (subs.): Perh: abhinandanavacaḥ, Parashurāma presents his c. s. to the king of Ceylon and states: paraśurāmo laṅkeśvaramabhinandha bravīti, Vi.

COMPLIMENT (v. t.): praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. l.): v. To praise.

COMPLIMENTARY: abhinandakaḥ (kā kaṃ); abhinanda- in comp.

COMPLY (v.):
     1 anuvidhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. To obey;
     2 anumanyate (man, c. 4): v. To assent;
     3 pūrayati (pūra, c. 10.): v. To satisfy.

COMPLYING (adj.): v. Compliant.

COMPONENT (subs.): sādhanam: v. Part, element.

COMPORT (v.):
     I To agree: q. v.
     II To behave: q. v.: vyavaharati (hṛ, c. l.).
     III To bear: q. v.

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COMPOSE (v. t.):
     I To constitute: q. v.
     II Of books etc.:
     1 racayati vi-, (rac, c. 10.), c. d this aphorism: idaṃ sūtraṃ racayāṃcakāra, Mis.; c. d by Bāṇabhaṭṭa: bāṇabhaṭṭaviracitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.;
     2 praṇayati (, c. l.), c. d the life of Rāma: radhupateḥ praṇināya vṛttam, Ki.;
     3 nibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), this tale is c. d by him: teneyaṃ kathā nibaddhā, K.;
     4 sampādayati (c. of pad), to c. a speech: bhāratiṃ sampādayati, Ki.;
     5 grathnāti (granth, c. 9.) (poet), Si.;
     6 vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (rare), B.
     III To settle: q. v.
     IV To calm, appease: q. v.: sthirīkaroti, Śakuntalā should be c. d by you two: bhavatīmyāṃ sthirīkartavyā śakuntalā, Sa. iv. V. In printing: *vinyasyati (asa, c. 4.).

COMPOSED (adj.):
     I Calm: sthiraḥ (rā raṃ), don't cry, be c.: alaṃ ruditena sthirā bhava, Sa. iv.
     II C. of: v. Made of, consisting of.

COMPOSEDLY:
     1 sthiram;
     2 śāntacittenaḥ v. Calmly.

COMPOSEDNESS: v. Composure.

COMPOSER:
     I Of books etc.:
     1 racayitṛ (f. trī), vi-;
     2 praṇetṛ (f. trī);
     3 nibandhṛ (f. ndhrī) (rare).
     II One who calms: śabhayitṛ (f. trī).

COMPOSITION:
     I Of books etc.:
     1 racanā vi-;
     2 praṇayanam.
     II A book etc. composed: expr. by verb, this poem is Kālidās's c.: kāvyamidaṃ kālidāsena praṇītam: v. Work.
     III Combinatin: q. v.
     IV Adjustment of an obligation: Perh: nistāraḥ.

COMPOSITOR: *vinyāsakārin (f. ṇī);

COMPOST:
     I Manure: q. v.
     II A mixture: q. v.

COMPOSURE: dhairyam, the son of Pāṇḍu, although enraged, maintained his c.: jahau na dhairyaṃ kupito'pi pāṇḍavaḥ, Ki.: v. Tranquillity.

COMPOTATION:
     1 sahapānam;
     2 sampītiḥ.

COMPOUND (adj.): yaugikaḥ (kiṃ kaṃ), c. word: yaugikaśabdaḥ. Ph.: c. interest cakravṛddhiḥ, Viv.

COMPOUND (subs.):
     I A. c. substance: yaugikapadārthaḥ.
     II A c. word:
     1 yogikaśabdaḥ;
     2 samāsaḥ, determined the analysis of c. s: samāsayorvigrahaṃ vyavasasuḥ, Si.

COMPOUND (v. i.): v. To compromise.

COMPOUND (v. t.):
     I To make: q. v.: viracayati (rac, c. 10.), I will c. auspicious ointment: maṅgalasamālabhanaṃ viracayāmi, Sa.
     II To combine: q. v.
     III To settle: saṃdhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (?).

COMPREHEND (v. t.):
     I To comprise, include: q. v.
     II To understand, grasp mentally:
     1 gṛhvāti pari-, (grah, c. 9.), you have well c. ed my meaning: samyaggṛhītavānasi madāśayam, Mu. iii.;
     2 vetti (vid, c. 2.), who c. s your real nature: yāthārthyaṃ veda kastava, R.: v. To understand.

COMPREHENSIBLE:
     1 grāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ), pari (rare), in easily c. discourse: sukhagrāhyanibandhanena, Ku. vii. 90.; not c.: durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ) M. n.;
     2 subodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (=easily c.), M. n.; not c.: durbodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), Ku. i. 6.: v. Intelligible.

COMPREHENSION:
     I The act of comprehending:
     1 bodhaḥ, beyond c.: bodhātītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 anubhavaḥ
     II A summary: q. v.
     III Understanding: q. v. dhīḥ.

COMPREHENSIVE:
     1 vyāpin (f. ) (?);
     2 vistīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (?).

COMPREHENSIVENESS:
     1 vyāpakatā (?) (as of definitions);
     2 vistīrṇatā (?) (=extensiveness).

COMPRESS (v. t.): saṃkṣipati (kṣipa, c. l.): v. To contact.

COMPRESSIBILITY: saṅkocaśīlatā.

COMPRESSIBLE: saṅkocaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

COMPRESSION: saṅkocaḥ -nam.

COMPRISE: parigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To include, contain.

COMPRISED, BE: antarbhavati (bhū, c. l.), is c. in motion: gamane'ntarbhaviṣyati, Ta.: v. To include.

COMPROMISE (v.):
     I To compound: *āpoṣayati (puṣ, c. 10.).
     II To involve: saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram), will c. me in this misdeed: idamakāryaṃ mayi saṃkrāmayet, Mr.
     III To endanger: q. v.

COMPROMISE (subs.): *āpoṣaḥ.

COMPULSION: balam (=force), everything done under c.: sarvān balakṛtānarthān, N. To use c.: sampīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.), Viv.: v. To compel.

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COMPULSORY:
     I Compelling: expr. by bala or balātkāraḥ, c. gift: balāddattam, M.
     II Obligatory: expr. by avaśyam.

COMPUNCTION: anuśayaḥ: v. Repentance.

COMPUTABLE:
     1 gaṇyaḥ or gaṇanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), not c.: agaṇya: (f. ṇyā);
     2 saṃkhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

COMPUTATION: gaṇanā: v. Reckoning, calculation.

COMPUTE (v.): gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.): v. Count, reckon.

COMRADE: sahacaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Companion.

CONCATENATE: anubadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To connect.

CONCATENATION:
     1 paramparā;
     2 anubandhaḥ.

CONCAVE: *puṭākāraḥ (rā raṃ); madhyanimnaḥ (mnā mnaṃ).

CONCAVITY: *puṭākāratā or puṭākṛtiḥ; madhyanimnatā.

CONCEAL (v. t.):
     1 gūhati -te (gūh, c. l.), to c. your good fortune: ātmano saumāgyaṃ nigūhitum, V. ii.; I climbed up a tamarind tree and lay c. ed: ciñcāvṛkṣamāruhya gūḍhatanuratiṣṭham, D. iv.;
     2 gopayati (gup, c. 10.), if it is not a subject to be c. ed: na cedgopyamasti, D. iv.;
     3 pracchādayati (c. of chad), and those who c. it (stolen property): ye ca pracchādayanti tān, Kat.: v. To cover;
     4 nihvute (hnu, c. 2.) (=to keep back the truth), desirous of c. ing from the mistress: devyā nihnotumicchuḥ, Mu.;
     5 līyate (, c. 4.) (=to lie c. ed), have now c. ed yourself in the mire: paṅke'dhunā līyase, Ve.

CONCEALER:
     1 gūhakaḥ ni-;
     2 goptṛ saṃ-, (m.), buyer, receiver, and c. of stolen property: coritadravyāṇāṃ krotā grahītā saṃgoptā ca, Viv.

CONCEALMENT:
     1 gopanam saṃ-;
     2 gūhanam ni-;
     3 pracchādanam;
     4 nihnavaḥ apahnu tiḥ (of facts). In c.: guptam: v. Privately.

CONCEDE:
     I To allow: q. v.: anumanyate (man, c. 4.).
     II To suffer to pass: kṣamate (kṣam, c. l.): v. To admit.

CONCEIT:
     I Conception: q. v.
     II Freak, fancy: q. v.
     III Self -c.: abhimānam: v. Vanity.
     IV Opinion: q. v.: Ph.: to put any one out of c. with: virañjayati (rañj, c. 10.).

CONCEITED: abhimānin (f. ): v. Vain, proud.

CONCEITEDLY:
     1 sābhimānam;
     2 sāhaṅkāram;
     3 sāṭopam.

CONCEITEDNESS: abhimānitā: v. Vanity.

CONCEIVABLE: bhāvyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ) or bhāvanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), vi- fortitude whose power is not c.: dhairyamabibhāvyavaibhavam, Ki.: v. Comprehensible.

CONCEIVE (v.):
     I To c. a child: garbhaṃ dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) or dhārayati or dharati (dhṛ, c. 10. and 1.), to c. by him: tasmādgarbhaṃ dadhāti (after R.). Ph.: and the Queen of Benares c. d a daughter: kāśirājasya patnyāśca garbhe kanyā āsīt, V. p.: v. Pregnant.
     II To form in the mind: bhāvayati vi-, (c. of bhū), c. ing the frailty of every substance: bhāvayitvānityatāṃ sarvabhāvānāṃ, K.: v. Think, desire.
     III To imagine: q. v.: sambhāvayati (c. of bhū), who would c. that king Chandragupta would sell ornaments: maurye bhūṣaṇāvikrayaṃ narapatau ko nāma sambhāvayet, Mu.

CONCENTRATE:
     I To bring together: samāharati (hṛ, c. l.).
     II Of the mind expr. by adj.: ekāgracittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), ananyamanaskaḥ (skā skaṃ), etc.

CONCENTRATION:
     I Bringing together: samāhāraḥ
     II Of the mind:
     1 ekāgratā;
     2 ananyamanaskatā.

CONCEPTION:
     I The act of conceiving (offspring):
     1 garbhādhānam;
     2 garbhadhāraṇam.
     II Formation in the mind: bhāvanā vi-.: v. Imagination.
     III The faculty of c.: dhīḥ. v. Understanding.
     IV Notion, idea: q. v.

CONCERN (subs.):
     I Affairs, business: q. v.: vyāpāraḥ
     II Care, anxiety: q. v.: cintā. Ph.: with much c.: sodvegam, Mu.
     III A firm: sampradāyaḥ (?)

CONCERN (v.):
     I To affect the interest of: Ph.: this c. s you: bhavatastāvadayaṃ vyāpāraḥ, H.
     II To make interested in: expr. by verbs: cintayati: (cint, c. 10.) (=to think) or avekṣate (īkṣ, c. 10.) (=to look after).
     III To make uneasy: expr. by adj. s: udvignaḥ (gnā gnaṃ), utsukaḥ (kā kaṃ) or vyagraḥ (grā graṃ).

CONCERNING (prep.): viṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ).: v. About (III).

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CONCERT (v.): mantrayati (mantra, c. 10.), well c. ed measures succeed: sivyanti kāryāṇi sumantritāni, B.: v. To devise, plan.

CONCERT (subs.):
     I Agreement: q. v.: aikyam.
     II Harmony: q. v.
     III A musical entertainment: saṅgītam.

CONCESSION:
     I The act of conceding:
     1 anumodanam;
     2 anumatiḥ.
     II A boon: q. v.

CONCH:
     I A shell: śaṅtaḥ.
     II A Bahamite: *śaṅghaḥ; bāhamavāsin (f. ).

CONCILIATE (v.):
     1 anurañjayati (rañj, c. 10.);
     2 prasādayati (c. of sad).

CONCILIATION:
     1 anurañjanam;
     2 prasādanam.

CONCILIATORY:
     1 anurañjakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 prāsādanaḥ (nā. naṃ).

CONCISE:
     I As applied to language:
     1 saṃkṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), Si. ii. 24.;
     2 laghuḥ (f. ghvī) (=terse), Si. ii. 23.
     II As applied to writers etc. expr. by the above: he is a very c. writer: tasya bhāṣātisaṃkṣiptā.

CONCISELY:
     1 saṃkṣepataḥ: v. Briefly;
     2 salāghavam v. Tersely.

CONCISENESS:
     1 saṃkṣiptatā;
     2 lāghavam, Ki. xi. 38.

CONCLAVE:
     I A private assembly: gūḍhasabhā.
     II Of cardinals: *romakadharmaniyantṝṇāṃ sabhā.

CONCLUDE (v.):
     I To shut up: q. v.
     II To include: q. v.
     III To infer, guess q. v.: bhāvayati (c. of bhū).
     IV To finish: q. v.: samāpayati (c. of āp). Ph.: when he c. d: vacasyavasite tasmin, Ku. ii. 53; to c. a treaty: sandhiṃ karoti or vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), H. V. To decide: q. v.: avadhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.), K.

CONCLUSION:
     I End: q. v.:
     1 samāptiḥ, c. of a song: gītasamāptiḥ, K.;
     2 avasānam, at the c. of Sunandā's speech: sunandāvacanāvasāne, R.
     II Decision, determination: q. v.:
     1 avadhāraṇā;
     2 nirṇayaḥ, come to a c.: nirṇayam āsīdati, N.
     III Inference: q. v.: anubhavaḥ, K.
     IV Logical c.:
     1 nigamanam, N. d.;
     2 nirṇayaḥ, N. d.

CONCLUSIVE: akhaṇḍyaḥ (ṇḍyā ṇḍyaṃ) (=irrefutable: q. v.).

CONCLUSIVELY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 niścayena (=certainly).

CONCLUSIVENESS: akhaṇḍatā or akhaṇḍanīyatā (=irrefutableness).

CONCOCT (v.):
     I To digest: q. v.
     II To ripen: q. v.
     III To devise, contrive, plot: q. v.

CONCOCTION:
     I Digestion: q. v.
     II Contrivance: q. v.

CONCOCTIVE: pācanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Digestive.

CONCOMITANCE: saṅgaḥ (with gen.); often expr. by sim. saha (=with).

CONCOMITANT (adj.):
     1 ānuṣaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sahavartin (f. ).

CONCORD:
     I Union: q. v.: aikyam.
     II Compact: q. v.
     III In gram:
     1 anvayaḥ sam-;
     2 yojanā, remote c.: vyavahitayojanā, Da.
     IV Harmony: q. v.: aikyam.

CONCORDANCE:
     I Agreement: q. v.
     II A glossary: nirghaṇṭaḥ.

CONCOURSE:
     I A crowd: q. v.: janasamūhaḥ.
     II A collection: samavāyaḥ.

CONCREMENT:
     1 saṃhatiḥ;
     2 saṅghātaḥ, hard by c.: saṅghātakaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ), Ku.

CONCRETE (adj.):
     I United in growth:
     1 saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 saṅghātavat (f. ).
     II Not abstract: Perh. sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

CONCRETE (subs.): saṃhatapadārthaḥ.

CONCUBINAGE: vinā vivāhena sahavāsaḥ.

CONCUBINE: upapatnī.

CONCUPISCENCE: kāmaḥ: v. Lust.

CONCUPISCENT: kāmukaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Lustful.

CONCUR:
     I To agree: q. v.: abhyupagacchati (gam, c. l.).
     II To assent: anumanyate (man, c. 4.).

CONCURRENCE:
     I Union: q. v.
     II Agreement, consent: q. v.: sammatiḥ Ph.: without the c. of (my) mother: ananumoditā mātrā, K.

CONCURRENT:
     I Concomitant: q. v.
     II Equal: q. v.: samānaḥ (nā naṃ).

CONCURRENTLY:
     1 samameva, Ku. iv. 22.;
     2 sahaiva, Ki. xiv. 56.

CONCUSSION: saṃkṣomaḥ: v. Agitation, shock.

CONDEMN (v. t.):
     I To censure: q. v.: nindati (nind, c. l.)
     II To pass sentence: daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10.) or daṇḍaṃ karoti or daṇḍam ājñāpayati (c. of jñā) Mu. Ph.: c. to death: vadham ādiśati (diś, c. 6.), P.

CONDEMNABLE:
     1 daṇḍārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ) (=deserving of punishment);
     2 nindyaḥ (ndyā ndyaṃ) (=censurable).

CONDEMNATION:
     I Censure: q. v.: upālambhaḥ.
     II Judicial c.: aparādhanirṇayaḥ, and sim. comp. s;
     2 daṇḍapraṇayanam (=passing sentence).

CONDEMNATORY: aparādhavādin (f. ) (?).

CONDEMNER: aparādhavādin (f. ) (?): v. Censurer. punisher.

CONDENSATION:
     I The act: saṃhananam (?).
     II The state: saṃhatiḥ.
     III Of stile: Perh: samāhāraḥ.

CONDENSE:
     I Trans.: saṃhanti (han, c. 2).
     II Intrans.: saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati (bhū, c. l.).

CONDENSER: saṃhatiyantram.

CONDESCEND: prasīdati (sad, c. l.) (=be pleased), c. to amuse yourself in the southern regions: prasīda rantuṃ malayasthalīṣu, R. vi. 64.: v. To yield, vouchsafe.

CONDESCENDING: dakṣiṇaḥ (ṇā,) (=complaisant): v. Courteous.

CONDESCENDINGLY: prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) bhūtvā; dākṣiṇyena.

CONDESCENSION:
     1 dākṣiṇyam (=complaisance);
     2 prasādaḥ (=favour).

CONDIGN: yathārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ): v. Suitable; to deserve.

CONDIGNNESS: yathārhatāḥ v. Fitness.

CONDIMENT: upaskaraḥ.

CONDITION:
     I State, predicament:
     1 daśā, very bad c. of the tanks: dīrghikāṇāṃ sudurdaśā, Ku.; that (body) is reduced to this c.: tadidaṃ gatamīdṛśīṃ daśām, Ku. iv. 5.;
     2 avasthā, in all c. s: sarvāvasthāsu, Me. ii. 47.
     II Stipulation:
     1 samayaḥ;
     2 abhisandhiḥ. I will give it back on one c.; ekenābhisandhinā pratyarpayāmi, Sa.
     III Quality, property: q. v.

CONDITIONAL:
     I Lit:
     1 samayayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 sābhisandhi (mfn.).
     II In gram.: vikalpasūcakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

CONDITIONALLY:
     1 samayapūrvakam,
     2 sābhisandhi.

CONDOLE (v.):
     1 śocati (śuc, c. l.): v. To grieve.

CONDOLENCE: samaduḥkhatā: v. Also grief.

CONDONATION: kṣamā: v. Forgiveness.

CONDONE: kṣamate (kṣam, c. l.): v. To forgive.

CONDUCE TO or TOWARD:
     1 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh) (=to increase)
     2 ābahati (vah, c. l.) (=to bring about);
     3 janayati (c. of jan) (=to produce).

CONDUCIVE:
     1 āvahaḥ (hā haṃ) in comp., c. to sorrow: śokāvahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 karaḥ (rī raṃ) in comp. (=producing), c. to good: hitakara (rī raṃ).

CONDUCT (subs.):
     I The act of leading: expr. by verb.
     II Management, guidance: q. v.
     III Skilful guidance: kauśalam.
     IV One who c. s.: expr. by verb. V. Behaviour:
     1 vyavahāraḥ;
     2 vṛttiḥ or vṛttam, by your c.: tava vṛttena, R.:
     3 ceṣṭā or ceṣṭitam, his brother's c.: bhrātṛceṣṭitam, P.

CONDUCT (v. t.):
     I To lead:
     1 nayati (, c. l.), c. (me) to my residence in a new cloud: naya māṃ navena vasatiṃ payomucā, V.;
     2 prāpayati (c. of āp), to conduct mistresses to the residence of their lovers: kāmināṃ vasatiṃ priyāḥ prāpayitum, Ku. iv. II.;
     3 anugacchati (gam, c. l.) to accompany Mr.
     II To direct, control: q. v.
     III To manage: q. v.: nirvāhayati (c. of vah).
     IV To behave: q. v.:
     1 ācarati (car, c. l.);
     2 vyavaharati (hṛ, c. l.).

CONDUCTOR:
     I A leader, guide: q. v.: nāyakaḥ
     II Of heat, etc.: *pravāhakaḥ.

CONDUIT: praṇālī: v. Canal, pipe.

CONE:
     I A solid: śaṅkuḥ (?); sūcighanakṣetram, K. d.
     II A cone-shaped fruit: *śaṅkuḥ.

CONEY or CONY: śaśakaḥ (?).

CONFABULATE: saṃkathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To converse.

CONFABULATION: saṃkathā: v. Conversation.

CONFECTION: *śarkarāphalādi (comp. śarkarodakam, Bha.).

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CONFECTIONER:
     1 āpūpikaḥ;
     2 piṣṭakājīvaḥ;
     3 miṣṭakāraḥ.

CONFECTIONERY:
     1 miṣṭam (=sweetmeat);
     2 piṣṭakaḥ (=cake).

CONFEDERACY:
     I A league: sandhiḥ.
     II The states bound by a league: sandhibaddharāṣṭrāṇi (n. pl.) (?).

CONFEDERATE:
     I Adj.: sandhibaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ); saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ) (=combined).
     II Subs.; mitram (=ally).

CONFEDERATION: v. Confederacy.

CONFER (v. t.):
     1 saṃvadati (vad, c. l.): v. To converse;
     2 mantrayati (mantr, c. l.): v. To consult.

CONFER (v. t.); vitarati (tṝ, c. l.), to c. knowledge: vidyāṃ vitarati, U.: v. To give. C. a favour: anugṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To favour.

CONFERENCE: saṃvādaḥ, Mah.: v. Conversation.

CONFESS:
     I To acknowlege: q. v.:
     1 svīkaroti;
     2 pratipadyate (pad, c. 4.), and he himself c. ed it: svayaṃ ca pratipannaḥ, Mr. x.
     II To disclose, reveal: q. v.: prakāśayati (c. of kāś).

CONFESSEDLY: asaṃśayam (=undoubtedly): v. Avowedly, undisputably.

CONFESSION:
     1 svīkāraḥ;
     2 pratipattiḥ: v. Acknowledgment.

CONFESSIONAL: *svīkāraśravaṇāsanam, and sim. comp. s.

CONFESSOR:
     I A priest who hears confessions: *svīkāraśrotṛ (m.).
     II One who confesses:
     1 svīkartṛ (m.);
     2 abhyupagantṛ (m.).

CONFIDANT: viśvāsabhūmiḥ viśrambhabhūmiḥ, and sim. comp. s: c. in one's all private affairs: sarvaviśrambhabhūmiḥ, K.

CONFIDE (v. i.): viśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.): v. Rely.

CONFIDE (v. t.): nyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To entrust.

CONFIDENCE:
     I Reliance:
     1 viśvāsaḥ to give the birds c.: viśvāsāya vihaṅgānām, R. i. 51.; raising c.: viśvāsapradaḥ (dā daṃ), B. vi. 89.;
     2 viśrambhaḥ, an object of c. viśrambhasthānam, K. Ph.: had so much c. in her: tathā tasyāṃ viśaśvasuḥ, Ku. V. 15.: viśrambhaṃ jagmuḥ, M. n.; to inspire with c.: viśvāsayati (c. of śvas). H.; to do evil to one who has put c.: viśrabdhe pāpamācarati, H.; order me with c. what is to be done: viśrabdhamādiśyatāṃ kartavyam, K.
     II Self-c.: prāgalbhyam or pragalbhatā, Ki. xvi. 27.

CONFIDENT:
     I Having confidence: viśvāsin (f. ).
     II Bold, impudent: q. v.: pragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ). To be c. of: niścitaḥ (tā taṃ) manyate, is c. of victory: jayaṃ niścitaṃ manyate: v. Certain.

CONFIDENTIAL:
     I Enjoying confidence:
     1 viśvasta (f. stā);
     2 viśrabdha (f. bdhā);
     3 āpta (f. ptā), with some c. princes: katipayāptarājaputraparivṛtaḥ, K.
     II Private, secret: Ph.: c. talk: viśrambhālāpaḥ, H.; in all c. matters: sarvaviśrambheṣu, K.

CONFIDENTIALLY:
     1 viśvastam;
     2 viśrabdham, K.: v. Privately.

CONFIDENTLY:
     I Boldly, firmly: q. v.: pragalbham.
     II Confidentially: q. v.

CONFIDING (adj.):
     1 viśvāsabhāj (mfn.);
     2 viśvāsabhuj (mfn.), N.; and sim. comp. s.

CONFIGURATION: ākāraḥ: v. Figure.

CONFINE (subs.): sīmā: v. Boundary. On the c s of: paryantasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ).

CONFINE (v. l.): v. To border.

CONFINE (v. t.):
     1 ruṇaddhi ava- ni-, (rudh, c. 7.), should be c. d in the Fail: cārake niroddhavyā, D. i.;
     2 saṃyacchati (yam, c. l.) (=to c. tightly), c. d in irons: nigaḍasaṃyataḥ (tā taṃ), Ra.; should c. her in the house: saṃyatāṃ vāsāyedgṛham, M.;
     3 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (=saṃyacchati). Ph.: c. ed themselves to the boundaries of their divisions: pravibhāgasīmāṃ na vyatīyuḥ, R.: v. To transgress; to be c. d (i. e. in child-bed): āsannaprasavā, P.

CONFINEMENT:
     I Restraint: q. v.
     II Imprisonment:
     1 nirodhaḥ -nam ava-;
     2 bandhanam (c. by tying), putting in c.: bandhane kṣiptvā, D. i.
     III In childbirth: prasavāvasthā (?).

CONFIRM:
     I To make firm: draḍhayati (nomi.) or dṛḍhīkaroti, to c. it still more: dṛḍhatarīkartam: v. To establish.
     II To ratify: q. v.
     III To c. Christians: *pratipādayati (c. of pad).

CONFIRMATION:
     I Establishment: q. v.: dṛḍhīkaraṇam.
     II Ratification: q. v.
     III Of Christians: *pratipādanam.

CONFIRMATORY: i. e. serving to confirm: expr. by verb.

CONFIRMED (adj.):
     1 dṛḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ): v. Firm;
     2 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Constant.

CONFISCATE: Ph.: the king should c. their property: niḥsvān kārayennṛ paḥ; the whole property should be c. d: sarvasvahāramarhanti, M. ix. 231. and 242.

CONFISCATION: sarvasvaharaṇam. and sim. comp. s.

CONFLAGRATION: dāhaḥ, c. of Tripura: tripuradāhaḥ, Ki.: v. Burning. C. in a forest: dāvānalaḥ, Ki.

CONFLICT (subs.):
     I Contest: q. v.: virodhaḥ.
     II Opposition:
     1 virodhaḥ, c. of two Smritis: smṛtyorvirodhaḥ, Y.;
     1 vipratiṣedhaḥ, c. of the two duties: dvayoḥ kāryayorvipratiṣedhaḥ, Si. ii. 6.

CONFLICT (v.): v. To contend, clash. C. ing: viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

CONFLUENCE:
     I Of rivers:
     1 saṅgamaḥ;
     2 sambhedaḥ, this is the c. of the two great rivers: ayamasau mahānadyoḥ sambhedaḥ, Ma. iv.;
     3 toyavyatikaraḥ (poet), R. viii. 95.
     II Concourse: q. v.

CONFLUENT: sahavāhin (f. ) (?).

CONFORM:
     I Trans: v. To accommodate, suit.
     II Intrans.: v. To comply, obey.

CONFORMABLE:
     I Suitable, like: anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ).
     II Compliant: anuvidhāyin (f. ).

CONFORMABLY: anusāreṇa: v. Accordance with, in.

CONFORMATION:
     I Agreement: q. v.
     II Form: q. v.: ākāraḥ.

CONFORMITY: v. Agreement. In c. with: v. Accordace with, in.

CONFOUND:
     I To mix and confuse: expr. by manyate (man, c. 4), c. s ignorance of distinction as impartiality: aviśeṣajñatāpakṣapātitvamiti manyate, Ph.: c. ing, (lit. coupling) truth and falsehood: satyānṛte mithunīkṛtya, S.
     II To perplex: q. v.: ākulīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.). Ph.: being c. ed: sasambhramam, V. III. To ruin: q. v.: ucchinati (chid, c. 7).

CONFOUNDEDLY: atyantama: v. Exceedingly.

CONFRATERNITY: v. Fraternity.

CONFRONT:
     I Lit.:
     1 sammukhayati or abhimukhayati (nomi.), to c. the Lord: īśamabhimukhayitum, Ki.;
     2 sammukhīkaroti or abhimukhīkaroti, M. n.
     II To oppose: q. v.

CONFUSE:
     I To mix wrongly: saṅkirati (ka, c. 6): v. To mix.
     II To perplex: q. v.: ākulīkaroti.

CONFUSEDLY:
     I With bewilderment: sasambhramam.
     II Without order: kramaṃ vihāya.

CONFUSION:
     I Irregular mixture: saṅkaraḥ, c. of castes: varṇasaṅkaraḥ, Kal.
     II Tumult, disorder: viplavaḥ, when the duties prescribed by the Vedas and Smritis will be in a state of great c.: śrautasmārtadharme viplavamatyantamupagate, V. p. Ph.: in the c. (i. e. in the crowd): saṅkule, D.
     III Bewilderment:
     1 sambhramaḥ;
     2 vailakṣyam (from shame), Ra.
     IV Ruin, defeat: q. v.

CONFUTATION: khaṇḍanam: v. Refutation.

CONFUTE:
     1 khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.): v. To refute;
     2 uttaraṃ harati (hṛ, c. l.), Ki., or niruttarīkaroti, M. n. (=to put to silence).

CONGEAL (v.): Trans.: ghanīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.)
     II Intrans.: dhanīmavati (bhū, c. l.), c. ed snow; ghanībhūto himaḥ, M. n.

CONGENER: sajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

CONGENIAL:
     I Kindred: ekaprakṛti (mfn.) (?).
     II Suitable: q. v.: anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

CONGENIALITY: ekaprakṛtitvam (?).

CONGENITAL: sahajaḥ (jā jaṃ); expr. by janman (n.), c. blindness: janmāndhatā.

CONGER: The sea-eel: samudrakuñcikā (?).

CONGERIES: rāśiḥ: v. Heap.

CONGESTION: *raktasaṃgrahaḥ; śoṇitasamāhāraḥ.

CONGLOBATE, -D: piṇḍībhūtaḥ (tā taṃ).

CONGLOMERATE (v. t.): stūpīkaroti

CONGLOMERATE (subs.): stūpaḥ: v. Mass.

CONGLUTINATE: v. To cement, glue.

CONGLUTINATION: sandhiḥ: v. Union.

CONGRATULATE: abhinandati (nand, c. l.), c. d. by the nuns: tāpasībhirabhinandyamānā, Sa. N. B. Often expr. by diṣṭayā (lit. by luck), I c. you on having such a boy as the gentle Rāma: diṣṭayā vardhase yadīdṛśaste vatso rāmabhadraḥ, Vi.; we should c. ourselves that the king has returned to the city: diṣṭayā rājā pratinivṛtto nagaram, V.

CONGRATULATION: abhinandanam (?). To offer c.: v. To congratulate.

CONGRATULATORY abhinandakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

CONGREGATE:
     I Intrans: samāgacchati (gam, c. l.): v. To assemble.
     II Trans: samāharati (hṛ, c. l.): v. To collect.

CONGREGATION:
     I Collection: T. v.: samāhāraḥ.
     II An assembly: v.: samājaḥ.

CONGREGATIONAL: sāmājikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

CONGRESS: mahāsabhā.

CONGRUITY: saṅgatatā. C. (of a sentence): ākāṅkṣā, Ki.

CONGRUOUS: saṅgataḥ (tā taṃ).

CONIC, -AL: *śaṅkvākāraḥ (rā raṃ). C. section: śaṅkukhaṇḍaḥ.

CONJECTURAL:
     1 vaitarkikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare): ānumānikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

CONJECTURE (subs.):
     1 vitarkaḥ, your c. is right: upapannaste vitarkaḥ;
     2 ūhaḥ or ūhā (=guess);
     3 śaṅkā (=apprehension);
     4 anumānam (= inference).

CONJECTURE (v.):
     1 tarkayati vi- (tak, c. 10) which do you c. (to be Śakuntalā): tvaṃ tāvatkatamāṃ tarkayasi, Sa. vi.;
     2 ūhate (ūh, c. 1), c. d that they were devoid of hostile feelings: auhiṣṭa tān vītaviruddhabuddhīn, B. iii. 48.

CONJOIN: saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10): v. To join.

CONJOINT: saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Unitedly.

CONJOINTLY:
     1 expr. by adj., but c.: saṃhatāstu, H.;
     2 sambhūya, all c.: sarve sambhūya, Mat: v. Together.

CONJUGAL: Ph.: c. love: dampatyoḥ prema; transgression of c. duties: dampatyoḥ parasparaṃ dharmavyatikramaḥ, K. b.; c. fidelity: avyamicāraḥ, K. b.: v. Chastity.

CONJUGALITY:
     1 dāmpatyam;
     2 saṃyogaḥ (= union).

CONJUGATE (v): Ph.: c. bhū in the liṭ. bhūdhātorliṭrūpāṇi (n. pl.) brūhi vada, etc.: v. To say.

CONJUGATION:
     I The act: dhāturūpākhyānam.
     II A class of verbs: gaṇaḥ.
     III A scheme: dhāturūpādarśaḥ.

CONJUNCTION:
     I Union: q. v.
     II In gram.: samuccayārthakamavyayam.
     III In astro.: yogaḥ saṃ-, Planetary c.: grahayoryogaḥ, Su.

CONJUNCTIVE:
     I Connection: q. v.
     II Occasion: avasaraḥ.

CONJURATION:
     I An entreaty: q. v.
     II Enchantment: q. v.: indrajālam, to practise c. indrajālamācarati, K.
     III Magic: q. v.

CONJURE (v. t.):
     I To adjure, implore: q. v.
     II To enchant: mohayati (c. of muh), c. ing the king af Mālava by my c. ing art: indrajālavidyayā mālavendra mohayan, D. C. up: utthāpayati (c. of sthā).

CONJURER: indrajālikaḥ or aindrajālikaḥ Ra.

CONNECT: sambadhnāti abhi-, (rare) (bandh, c. 9.), it is not an iota c. ed with its faults or merits: tatkṛtena doṣeṇa guṇena vā'ṇumātre ṇāpi sa na sabhbadhyate, S.; c. ed with each other: itaretarābhisambaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), N. d.: v. To unite.

CONNECTEDLY:
     1 sasambandham;
     2 saṅgatam (consistently).

CONNECTION, CONNEXION:
     1 sabhbandhaḥ (best equiv.), an enviable c.: ślādhyasambandhaḥ, R.; the c. between the families of Fanaka and Raghu janakānāñca raghūṇāñca sambandhaḥ, Vi.;
     2 samparkaḥ, to disallow c.: samparkam nānujānāti, Mal.;
     3 saṅgaḥ (=being together), with your c.: saṅgena vaḥ, Ku.: v. Association;
     4 prabandhaḥ (=connectedness, as of a discourse), Ki.;
     5 saṅgamaḥ (sp. sexual c.).

CONNECTIVE: sambandhin (f. ), Da.

CONNIVANCE: upekṣā (?).

CONNIVE AT: upekṣate (īkṣ, c. l.) (?).

CONNOISSEUR:
     1 guṇajñaḥ;
     2 abhijñaḥ.

CONNUBIAL: v. Conjugal, nuptial.

CONQUER:
     1 jayati (ji, c. l.), to c. Persia: pārasikān jetum, R. iv. 60; one who has c. ed his passions: jitendriyaḥ, Ku.;
     2 vijayate (ji, c. l.), c. ed him in battle: yudhi taṃ vijigye, Vi.;
     3 nirjayati avajayati (rare), one who has c. ed the world: avajitabhuvanaḥ, Ki.: v. To subdue, subjugate, surmount.

CONQUERESS:
     1 jetrī;
     2 vijetrī.

CONQUERING (adj.): jayin vijayin (f. ), c. power: vijayivīryam, Vi.

CONQUEROR:
     1 jetṛ vi-, (rarely ava-,) (m.), c. of the (three) worlds: jagatāṃ jetā, Vi.;
     2 jit (m.) in comp., c. of Indra: indrajit.

CONQUEST:
     I The act: jayaḥ vi-: v. Victory, subjugation.
     II That which is conquered: expr. by jitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CONSANGUINITY: sagotratā; sanābhitā.

CONSCIENCE: no equiv.: *saṃjñānam.

CONSCIENTIOUS: saṃjñānin (f. ): v. Upright, just.

CONSCIENTIOUSLY: *saṃjñānena; amāyayā (=sincerely).

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: *saṃjñānitā; dhārmikatā (= piety); nyāparāyaṇatā (=uprightness).

CONSCIOUS:
     I Possessing c. ness: cetanaḥ or sacetanaḥ (nā naṃ), even by (those) who are not c.: vicetanairapi, Ku.
     II Aware, sensible: expr. by the verbs; jānāti (jñā, c. 9.), vetti (vid, c. 2.), etc, (=to know: q. v.); though c. unable to control the organs: jānānāpyaprabhavantī karaṇānām, K.; which one can only be c. of: svasaṃvedyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ), K.

CONSCIOUSLY:
     1 jñānāt;
     2 jñānataḥ;
     3 jñānapūrvam.

CONSCIOUSNESS:
     I Sensation: cetanā or caitanyam, deprived her of c.: tasyāścetanāṃ jahāra, K.;
     2 saṃjñā, to restore c.: saṃjñāṃ grāhayati, K.
     II Knowledge:
     1 jñānam;
     2 upalabdhiḥ.

CONSCRIPT:
     I Sub.: v. Recruit.
     II Adj.: patrāropitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CONSCRIPTION: balasamutthānam, D., and sim. comp. s.

CONSECRATE:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā) (of idols, etc.), Mat.,
     2 pavitrīkaroti or pavitrayati (=to make sacred), will c. my language: madgiraṃ pavitrayiṣyati, N. i. 2.

CONSECRATE, -D (adj.): v. Sacred, holy.

CONSECRATION:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpanam, V. m.;
     2 better by verb.

CONSECUTIVE: expr. by adv.: anukrameṇa, for five c. years: anukrameṇa pañcavarṣam.

CONSECUTIVELY: anukrameṇa.

CONSENT (subs.): sammatiḥ, to obtain your c.: tava sammatimadhigantum, N. ii. 48.; sells without the c. of the owner: svāmyasammato vikrīṇīte, M.

CONSENT (v.):
     1 sammatiṃ dadāti (, c. 3.);
     2 sammataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati. Ph.: I c. to what has been written above: mataṃ me yadatropari lekhitam, Y.

CONSEQUENCE:
     I Result, effect: q. v.: phalam, of evil c. s: aniṣṭaphalaḥ (lā laṃ), Mu. Ph.: in c. of: v. For, account of, on; the c. of which was: tataḥ or ataḥ.
     II Logical: nigamanam.
     III Importance. Ph.: of no c. nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ); a matter of great c. gurvarthaḥ; doing what is of little c.: yatkiñcanakāritā, K.

CONSEQUENT (adj.): v. Attendant. C. upon: v. After.

CONSEQUENT (subs.):
     I Logic: nigamanam.
     II Of rations: Perh. antaḥ.

CONSEQUENTIAL:
     I Lit.: ānuṣaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Pompous, conceited: q. v.

CONSEQUENTIALLY:
     I Logically: q. v.
     II Eventually: q. v.
     III In a regular series: anukrameṇa paurvāparyeṇa.
     IV Pompously, conceitedly: q. v.

CONSEQUENTLY: ataḥ, c. the behaviour of men is the same as of (lower) animals: ataḥ samānaḥ paśvādibhiḥ puruṣāṇāṃ vyavahāraḥ, S.: v. Therefore.

CONSERVATION: rakṣāḥ v. Preservation.

CONSERVATIVE (subs.): *navavidveṣin (f. ṇī); sthitipālaḥ (lī laṃ). C. ministry: *navavidveṣisacivamaṇḍalam.

CONSERVATOR:
     1 rakṣakaḥ;
     2 pālaḥ, in comp., c. of a forest: vanapālaḥ: v. Preserver.

CONSERVATORY: *prasūnaśālā.

CONSERVE:
     I Verb: rakṣatiḥ v. To preserve.
     II Subs.: v. Preserve.

CONSIDER:
     I In gen. sense:
     1 vicārayati (c. of car), if it is c. ed, this quitting of life (by widows) is selfish: atra hi vicāryamāṇe svārtha eva prāṇaparityāgo'yam, K.;
     2 vimṛśa(ṣa)ti (mṛś, or -ṣ, c. 6), without c. ing sayings of Manu and others: manvādivākyānyavimṛśya, Da.;
     3 ālocayati samā- paryā-, (loc, c. 10.), c. ing their (comparative) importance and insignificance: teṣāṃ gurulaghubhāvaṃ paryālocya, K. b.;
     4 cintayati pari- vi-. saṃ-, (cint, c. 10.) (to think of), c. ing the painfulness of affection: cintayitvā duḥkhatāṃ snehasya, K.;
     5 samīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1) (=to look at), age is not c. ed among elders in virtue: na dharmavṛddheṣu vayaḥ samīkṣate, Ku.
     II To regard, think: manyate (man, c. 4.), one who c. s himself learned: paṇḍitammanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), B.

CONSIDERABLE:
     I Respectable: q. v.
     II Moderately large: analpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), a c. force: analpaṃ balam, D.: v. Many, large.

CONSIDERABLY: balavat, Sa.: v. Much, exceedingly.

CONSIDERATE (adj.):
     I Mindful of the feellings or rights of others: no equiv: sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=kind), enjoyed in a c. manner: sadayaṃ bubhuje, R.
     II Circumspect: samīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī); vimṛṣyakārin (f. ṇī).

CONSIDERATELY:
     I With due regard to others: sadayam (=kindly).
     II Circumspectly:
     1 vimṛśya;
     2 samīkṣya.

CONSIDERATENESS:
     I Thoughtful kindness: dayā (?).
     II Prudence: samīkṣyakāritā.

CONSIDERATION:
     I Deliberation:
     1 vicāraḥ or vicāraṇā, agreed without c avicārānumataḥ (tā taṃ), D. ii.;
     2 ālocanā sama- pari-;
     3 vimarśaḥ;
     4 samīkṣā (=circumspection);
     5 cintā (=thinking).
     II Regard: ādaraḥ. To have c. for: ādriyate (dṛ, c. 4.), has no c. for munificence: na tyāgamādriyate, K. In c. of: expr. by inde. past. part., in c. of its being the first (offence): prathamamiti prekṣya, Sa.: v. Account of, on.
     III Respectability: pratiṣṭhā, of c.: labdhapratiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ): v. Chief.
     IV Motive, reason: q. v.: kāraṇam. V. In law: arthaḥ (?).

CONSIGN: v. To entrust, deliver, send.

CONSIGNMENT:
     1 preraṇam (=sending);
     2 samarpaṇam (delivery);
     3 nikṣepaḥ (=depositing).

CONSIST:
     I To subsist: q. v.
     II To be consistent: v. Consistent.
     III To c. of: Ph.: on what it stands and of what it c. s of yadādhāraṃ yadātmakam, V. p; the science of astronomy c. s of three branches jyotiḥśāstraṃ skandhatrayādhiṣṭhitam, V. m.; the Gāyatri (metre) c. s of 24 syllables caturviśatyakṣarā gāyatrī, Up.: v. C. ing of.
     IV To c. in.: Ph.: perspicuity c. s in clearness of meaning: arthavaimalyātmā prasādaḥ, Kav.; grace c. s in picturesqueness of language: uktivaicitryarūpaṃ mādhuryam, Kav.

CONSISTING OF:
     1 -mayaḥ (yī yaṃ), food c. of water, fruit and roots: jalaphalamūlamayeṣvāhāreṣu, K. Ph.: an army c. chiefly of elephants: hāstikaprāyaṃ sainyam, Ra.;
     2 ātmakaḥ (kā kaṃ), in beings c. of five (elements) pañcātmakeṣu bhūteṣu, B. p.;
     3 in some cases by deriv., c. of five elements: pāñcamautikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

CONSISTENCE, CONSISTENCY:
     I Firmness, stability: q. v.: sthairyam.
     II Combination: q. v.
     III Congruity: sāṅgatyam.
     IV Thickness: q. v.

CONSISTENT:
     I Congruous: saṅgataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Firm, solid: q. v.

CONSISTENTLY:
     1 saṅgatam;
     2 sasambandham.

CONSISTORY: dharmasabhā (?).

CONSOLABLE:
     1 āśvāsanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 śā () ntvanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

CONSOLATION:
     1 āśvāsaḥ;
     2 samāśvāsaḥ;
     3 śāntvanam or sāntvanam -nā. To give c.: v. To console.

CONSOLATORY:
     I Adj.: āśvāsakaḥ (sikā sakaṃ);
     2 śokāpanodananipuṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), K.
     II Subs.: sāntvanam upa-, with mild c. s: mṛdubhirupasāntvanaiḥ, K.

CONSOLE (v. t.):
     1 āśvāsayati sam-, (c. of śvas), K.;
     2 śā(sā)ntvayati upa- abhi-, (śāntv or sāntv, c. 10), B.;
     2 abhyupapadyate (pad, c. 4), to c. Rali: ratimabhyupapattum, Ku. iv. 25;
     3 prakṛtau sthāpayati (c. of sthā) (=to put in natural state), R.

CONSOLE (subs.): niryūhaḥ (?).

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CONSOLER: yaḥ (yā yaṃ) āśvāsayati: v. To console.

CONSOLIDATE:
     1 saṃhanti (han, c. 2.);
     2 dṛḍhīkaroti (=to make firm).

CONSONANCE:
     I Of sounds: sāmyam.
     II Suitable, consistent: q. v. yogyatā.

CONSONANT (adj.):
     I Accordant: samaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Suitable, consistent: q. v.

CONSONANT (subs.):
     1 vyañjanam or vyañjanavarṇam;
     2 hal (according to the arrangement of Pāṇini), ending in a c.: halanta (f. ntā).

CONSORT (subs.): i. e. husband or wife: q. v.

CONSORT WITH: v. Associate with.

CONSPICUOUS:
     I Manifest: q. v.: prakāśaḥ or suprakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     II Prominent, great: q. v.: utkṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

CONSPICUOUSLY: spaṣṭam: v. Plainly, remarkably.

CONSPICUOUSNESS:
     I Lit.: prakāśatā.
     II Eminence, renown: q. v.

CONSPIRACY:
     1 kucakram (=cabal);
     2 upajāpaḥ (=plot).

CONSPIRATOR:
     1 kucakrin (f. ṇī);
     2 upajāpaka (f. pikā).

CONSPIRE: (v.):
     I To plot: q. v.: upajapati (jap, c. l.).
     II To combine, agree: q. v.

CONSTABLE:
     1 rakṣin (m.) (wakSman);
     2 nāgarikaḥ (=municipal c.?), D. ii. Lord high c.: *mahādaṇḍanāyakaḥ.

CONSTANCY:
     I Firmness:
     1 sthairyam or sthiratā;
     2 niścalatā.
     II Of mind: sthaiyam: v. Fortitude, perserverance.

CONSTANT:
     I Firm:
     1 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ), my entire fortune is c.: sthirā mama sarvasampat, Si.;
     2 acalaḥ or niścalaḥ (lā laṃ), regard for dependents is not c.: calaṃ gauravamāśriteṣu, Ku.;
     3 avasthitaḥ or vyavasthitaḥ (tā taṃ) (rare), love for woman is not c.: prema dayitāsvanavasthitam, Ku. iv. 28.
     II Continuous: q. v.: satataḥ (tā taṃ).

CONSTANTLY
     I Firmly:
     1 sthiram;
     2 acalam.
     II Continuously, perpetually: q. v.: satatam, think of truths c. in your mind: tattvaṃ cintaya satataṃ citte, J.

CONSTELLATION: rāśiḥ, c. of the lion: siṃharāśiḥ.

CONSTERNATION: saṃtrāsaḥ: v. Terror, amazement.

CONSTIPATE:
     1 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9);
     2 avaruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.);
     3 avaṣṭabhnāti vi-, (stambh, c. 9);
     4 nahyati ā-, (nah, c. 4.). N. B. These verbs take as their acc. malam purīṣam, etc. C. ing: v. Costive (I).

CONSTIPATION:
     1 baddhaviṭkatā, and sim. comp. s, Sr.;
     2 viṣṭambhaḥ, Sr.

CONSTITUENT (adj.): Ph.: c. part: sādhanam: v. Element.

CONSTITUENT (subs.):
     I An elector: q. v.
     II A component: q. v.

CONSTITUTE:
     I To enact, establish: q. v.
     II To appoint, depute: q. v.
     III To form, compose. Ph.: after deciding what c. s a poem: kāvyasvarūpaṃ nirūpya, Kav.; clearness of meaning c. s perspicuity: arthavaimalyātmā prasādaḥ, Kav.; body or wealth does not c. manhood: na vapurvasu vā puṃstvamūlam, D.

CONSTITUTION:
     I Formation: q. v.
     II Natural condition, temperament: prakṛtiḥ
     III Government: perh: tantram.

CONSTITUTIONAL:
     I Inherent in the constitution: svābhāvikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Regulated by a c.: Ph.: c. government: *vyavasthitatantram; c. law: *tantravyavasthā.

CONSTITUTIONALLY:
     I Naturally:
     1 prakṛtyā;
     2 svabhāvataḥ
     II Lawfully: q. v.

CONSTRAIN (v.):
     I To compel: q. v.: sampīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).
     II To restrain: q. v.
     III To compress: q. v.

CONSTRAINT:
     I Compulsion: q. v.
     II Restraint: q. v.

CONSTRICT (v.): saṃkocati (kuc, c. l.): v. To contract.

CONSTRUCT (v.): nirmimīte (, c. 3.): v. To build, make.

CONSTRUCTION:
     I Making: nirmāṇam.
     II Form: q. v.
     III Of a sentence:
     1 anvayaḥ;
     2 sambandhaḥ;
     3 yojanā.
     IV Sense, meaning: q. v. arthaḥ.

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CONSTRUCTIVE: Perh: phalārtha, c. treason: phalārtharājadrohaḥ

CONSTRUE (v.):
     I To explain the construction of: anvayaṃ vadati (vad, c. l). To be c. d:
     1 anvīyate (pass. of i), Da.;
     2 sambadhyate (pass of bandh), why the word 'so' is not c. d with brother: tayāpadaṃ bhrātraiva kuto na sambadhyate, Da.
     II To explain, interpret: q. v.

CONSUBSTANTIAL: sarūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

CONSUL:
     I Ancient: *kaṃsalaḥ; daṇḍanāyakaḥ.
     II An agent of a foreign government: anudūtaḥ.

CONSULATE, CONSULSHIP: kaṃsalapadam.

CONSULT: mantrayati -te (mantr, c. 10.), c. my good: mantrayadhvaṃ hitaṃ mama, Mah.; c. ed with the ministers: mantrimiḥ sārdhaṃ mantrayāmāsa,
     V p.: v. Also, to consider; attend; ask.

CONSULTATION:
     1 mantraṇā;
     2 mantraḥ; -ṇaṃ, to hold c.: mantraṃ karoti, P.: v. Consideration.

CONSUMABLE: kṣayin (f. ṇī): v. Perishable.

CONSUME (v.): kṣapayati (c. of kṣiḥ): v. To destroy, waste.

CONSUMER:
     I Destroyer: q. v.
     II Devourer: khādakaḥ.

CONSUMMATE (v.): pūrayati (c. of pūr): v. To complete.

CONSUMMATE (adj.): paripakvaḥ (kvā kvaṃ): v. Perfect.

CONSUMMATION:
     I Perfection: q. v.: paripākaḥ, seeing his c. in civility: vīkṣya tasya vinaye paripākam, N.
     II Close, end: q. v.

CONSUMPTION:
     I Decay, destruction: q. v. kṣayaḥ.
     II Of commodities: perh. best expr. by vikrayaḥ (=sale).
     III A disease:
     1 kṣayarogaḥ;
     2 yakṣman or rājayakṣman (m.);
     3 śoṣaḥ.

CONSUMPTIVE: kṣayarogin (f. ṇī).

CONTACT: Lit.: sparśaḥ.
     II Association: q. v.: samparkaḥ.

CONTAGION:
     I Contact: sparśaḥ.
     II Infection by c.: sparśasañcāraḥ.

CONTAGIOUS: Ph.: c. disease āmayaḥ sparśasañcārī, Raj.

CONTAIN (v.):
     I To comprise:
     1 by bah. comp., a dwelling c. ing eight courts: aṣṭaprakoṣṭhaṃ bhavanam, Mr.: v. Having;
     2 by garbhaḥ (rbhā rmaṃ) in comp., this house c. s men: puruṣagarbhametad gṛham, Mu.; c. ing moral instruction: dharmopadeśagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ), K.: v. Also, to hold, include. Ph.: I saw that it c. ed this couplet (lit. written on it) tasyāmibhāmabhilikhitāmāryāmapaśyam, K.
     II To restrain: q. v.

CONTAINING: v. To contain (I).

CONTAMINATE: dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To pollute.

CONTAMINATION: dūṣaṇam: v. Pollution.

CONTEMN: avamanyate (man, c. 4): v. To despise.

CONTEMNER: avamantṛ (f. ntrī): v. Despiser.

CONTEMPLATE:
     I Trans.: v. To consider.
     II Intrans: dhyāyati (dhyai, c. l).: v. To meditate.

CONTEMPLATION:
     1 cintā: v. Consideration;
     2 dhyānam: v. Meditation. To have in c.: i. e. to intend or purpose: q. v.

CONTEMPLATIVE:
     1 dhyānaparaḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 cintāpravaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

CONTEMPLATOR: dhyānin (f. ).

CONTEMPORANEOUS, CONTEMPORARY:
     1 samakālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 samakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 tulyakālaḥ (lā laṃ), these kings will be c.: ete tulyakālā bhūbhṛto bhaviṣyanti, V. p.

CONTEMPT:
     1 avajñā, was turned out with c.: avajñayā niḥsāritaḥ, P.:
     2 avamānam, c. of each other: anyonyāvamānam, D.;
     3 anādaraḥ, Ki.;
     4 avagaṇanā, M. n. Ph.: to treat with c.: avajānāti (jñā, c. 9.): v. To despise.

CONTEMPTIBLE:
     1 nikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Mean;
     2 garhitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Despicable.

CONTEMPTUOUS: v. Disdainful, haughty.

CONTEMPTUOUSLY:
     1 avajñayā;
     2 sāvajñam;
     3 sāvamānam,
     4 anāderaṇa;
     5 avagaṇanayā.

CONTEND:
     1 vigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (=to contest), c. ing with the enemy of Namuchi (i. e. Indra): namucidviṣā vigṛhya, Si. i. 51.;
     2 viruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To oppose;
     3 vivadate (vad, c. l.): v. To dispute.
     4 spardhate (spardh, c. l.): v. To ire.

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CONTENDING (part. adj.): vivadamānaḥ (nā naṃ); better expr. by verb.

CONTENT (adj.):
     1 santuṣṭaḥ or tuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 santoṣavat (f. ) (rare), P. Ph.: you should be c.: tvayā santoṣaḥ kāryaḥ, P. ii. 6.

CONTENT, TO BE: tuṣyati saṃ-, (tuṣ, c. 4.), an intelligent man is c. with whatever is his own: yasya yāvat sa tenaiva svena tuṣyati vuddhimān, V. p.

CONTENT (v. t.): santoṣayati (c. of tuṣ): v. To satisfy, please.

CONTENT (subs.):
     I Contentment: q. v.
     II Reward: q. v.: pāritoṣikam.
     III Capacity: q. v.: the cubic c. s of a sphere: golasyāntargataṃ ghanaphalam, Li.
     IV That which is contained: Ph.: the c. s of a book: yadgranthe likhitam; table of c. s: nirdhaṇṭapatram or sūcipatram, Maheshachandra.

CONTENTEDLY: expr. by the adj.: santuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

CONTENTION:
     I Contest, strife: q. v.: vivādaḥ.
     II Controversy: q. v.: vivādaḥ, Da. Ph.: your c. is not valid: *na saṅgataste vādaḥ.
     III Eagerness: q. v.: Ph.: "c. of mind": manaḥsaṃyogaḥ.

CONTENTIOUS: bivādapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Quarrelsome, litigious.

CONTENTIOUSNESS: v. Quarrelsomeness, litigiousness.

CONTENTMENT: santoṣaḥ, there is no wealth like c.: santoṣatulyaṃ dhanamasti nānyat, P. ii. 6.

CONTERMINOUS: ekasīmaḥ (mā maṃ) or by circum.: v. Border.

CONTEST (subs.):
     I Dispute: q. v.: vivādaḥ
     II Strife: vigrahaḥ, a farious c.: tumulo vigrahaḥ, Mat.

CONTEST (v.):
     I To dispute: q. v.
     II To contend, fight: q. v.: vigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9).

CONTESTED: expr. by vivāda in comp.: v. Disputed.

CONTEXT: perh. anvayaḥ.

CONTEXTURE: v. System.

CONTIGUITY:
     1 saṃlagnatā;
     2 sannikarṣaḥ (=nearness):
     3 samparkaḥ (contact).

CONTIGUOUS
     1 saṃlagnaḥ (gnā gnaṃ) (=adjoining):
     2 sannikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (=adjacent: q. v.).

CONTINENCE:
     1 saṃyamaḥ;
     2 saṃyamitā;
     3 jitendriyatā -tvaṃ;
     4 indriyajayaḥ, K.

CONTINENT (adj.):
     I Chaste:
     1 sayamin (f. );
     2 jitendriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Continuous: q. v.

CONTINENT (subs.):
     I Lit.: varṣaḥ (?), V. p.
     II Europe as distinguished from England: *iyurupavarṣaḥ.

CONTINENTAL:
     I Lit.: *varṣīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or varṣa in comp., c. congress: *varṣasabhā.
     II Of Europe: expr. by comp., c. tour: iyurupavarṣabhramaṇam.

CONTINENTLY:
     1 saṃyamena;
     2 jitendriyatayā.

CONTINGENCE, CONTINGENCY:
     I Possibility: sambhāvanā.
     II A casualty: expr. by words meaning uncertain, doubtful: follows c. s. adhruvāṇi niṣevate, H.; even if his connection was a c.: sandigdho'pyasya samāgamo yadi syāt, K.

CONTINGENT (adj.):
     1 aniśicataḥ (tā taṃ) (=uncertain);
     2 sandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ) (=doubtful), c. on: āyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ); c. on fate: daivāyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), Ve.: v. To depend (II.).

CONTINGENT (subs.): aṃśaḥ (=share): v. Quota.

CONTINGENTLY: v. Accidentally.

CONTINUAL:
     1 nityaḥ (tyā tyaṃ) (prep=perpetual);
     2 avirataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Incessant;
     3 avicchinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Uninterrupted.

CONTINUALLY:
     1 satatam, in c. passing time: kāle satatayāyini, V. s.; v. Always:
     2 aviratam: v. Incessantly;
     3 muhurmuhuḥ: v. Frequently.

CONTINUANCE:
     I Constancy, stay: q. v.: sthitiḥ ava-.
     II Continuity: q. v. Ph.: of long c. bahukālasthāyin (f. ).

CONTINUATION:
     I The act of continuing: expr. by circum.: v. To continue.
     II Continuity: q. v.
     III That which is continued, as the c. of a story: śeṣaḥ: v. Remainder, sequel.

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CONTINUE (v. i.):
     I To stay: q. v.: tiṣṭhati ava-, (sthā, c. l).
     II To last: q. v.
     III To persevere: tiṣṭhati ava-.

CONTINUE (v. t.): expr. by adv., or by not and cease, by c. d calls: nityavihitopahūtiṣu, Si.; c. d to quarrel: kalahaṃ kurvāṇā na viśrāmyati, P.; and c. d the journey day and night: divārātrau cāvahat, K.

CONTINUITY:
     1 prasaktiḥ:
     2 prabandhaḥ, c. of making sacrifices: adhvarāṇāṃ kriyāprabandhaḥ, R.;
     3 avicchedaḥ (=uninterruptedness);
     4 avirāmaḥ (=unceasingness);
     5 sātatyam (=perpetuity).

CONTINUOUS:
     1 prasaktaḥ (f. ktā), by c. performance: avicchinnādanuṣṭhānāt, M. n.;
     3 avirataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Incessant.

CONTINUOUSLY:
     1 satataṃ or santatam, Ki.;
     2 avicchinnam;
     3 aviratam;
     4 prasaktam.

CONTINUOUSLY: v. Continuity.

CONTORT: v. To distort (I), twist.

CONTORTION: v. Distortion.

CONTOUR:
     1 ākāraḥ (=form);
     2 pariveśaḥ (=circumference).

CONTRABAND: niṣiddhaḥ or pratiṣiddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), K. b.

CONTRACT (v. t.): (I) To bring into less compass:
     1 saṃkocati (kuc, c. l.) or saṃkocaṃ nayati (, c. l.), prāpayati (c. of āp), etc.;
     2 kuñcayati ā- vi-, (c. of kuñc);
     3 saṃkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (=to shorten);
     4 samūhati (ūh, c. l.) (=to bring together), as if c. ing the quarters: diśaḥ samūhanniva, Ki.
     II To acquire, gain: q. v.: adhigacchati (gam, c. l.).
     III In gram. saṃkṣipati (?). Miscel: to c. a debt: ṛṇaṃ karoti, a debt c. ed by a husband: patikṛtamṛṇam, N. s.; to c. a disease: vyādhim adhigacchati (gam, c. l.), avāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), etc. Sr.; I will c. the union of Madalekhā with Vaiśampāyana: vaiśampāyanasya madalekhayā saha ghaṭanāṃ kārayāmi, K.; to c. friendship: sakhyaṃ badhnāti, Ku.

CONTRACT (v. i.):
     I To shrink:
     1 saṃkucati (kuc, c. 6.), skin c. s: saṃkucati carma, V. d;
     2 kuñcati vi- ā-, (kuñc, c. l.), with the brow c. ed: vikuñcitabhrūlatam, Ku. v. 74;
     3 saṃkocam eti vrajati, etc.
     II To covenant:
     1 samayaṃ or saṃvidaṃ karoti;
     2 (abhyupaiti (i, c. 2.) (=to agree), c. ing for service: śuśrūṣāmabhyupetya, Vri.; Ph.: should reside the time c. ed for: kṛtaṃ kālaṃ nivaset, Y.; should complete the time c. ed for: kṛtaṃ kālaṃ samāpayet, N. s.

CONTRACT (subs,):
     I Lit.:
     1 niyamaḥ;
     2 samayaḥ;
     3 saṃvid -dā (f.), breach of c.: saṃvidvyatikramaḥ, M.
     II A contracted word: saṃkṣiptapadam (?).

CONTRACTIBILITY, CONTRACTILITY: saṃkocaśīlatā.

CONTRACTIBLE, CONTRACTILE:
     1 saṃkocaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 kuñcanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare).

CONTRACTION:
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃkocaḥ -nam;
     2 kuñcanam vi- ā-,
     II An abbreviation: saṃkṣepaḥ.

CONTRACTOR:
     1 samayakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 kṛtasaṃvid (mfn.).

CONTRADICT:
     1 vi- ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), prati- upa-, (=to oppose), S.;
     2 pratiṣedhati (sidh, c. l.), (= I), he would c. the variety of the world: sa jagadvaicitryaṃ pratiṣedhet, S. iii. 33.;
     3 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.) (=gainsay): v. To deny. To c. a man: expr. by circum, he c. ed himself on many points: *sa bahuni viruddhavacanānyuvāca.

CONTRADICTION:
     1 virodhaḥ;
     2 pratiṣedhaḥ;
     2 pratyākhyānam (=denial).

CONTRADICTORY:
     I Opposing in terms:
     1 viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ);
     2 virodhin (f. ), these two assertions are c.: parasparavirodhinī vacane, Mu. i.
     II Repugnant, inconsistent: q. v.

CONTRADISTINCTION:
     1 vaiparītyam;
     2 vailakṣaṇyam.

CONTRARIETY:
     I Contrary state: vaiparītyam.
     II Inconsistency: virodhaḥ.

CONTRARIWISE:
     1 vaiparītyena;
     2 viparyayeṇa.

CONTRARY (adj.):
     I In direction etc.:
     1 prati in comp., driven by c. wind: prativātapreritaḥ (tā taṃ), D.;
     2 pratīpaḥ vi-, (pā paṃ), c. wind: pratīpapavanaḥ, R. xi. 62.
     II Opposite:
     1 viparītaḥ (tā taṃ), but it is c. with learned men: viparītantu vipaścitām, M. n.; as you are of a c. mind: yato viparītabuddhirasi P.;
     2 viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (=contradictory).

CONTRARY TO: v. Against (II).

CONTRARY (subs.):
     1 viparītam, in saying that the weak are incurable we get its c.: kṛśā duścikitsyā ityukte viparītaṃ gṛhyate;
     2 viparyayaḥ, on the c.: tadviparyayeṇa, S.;
     3 prātilomyam, Sr.

CONTRAST (v. t.): Ph.: c. the castes: varṇabhedān pradarśaya: v. Difference, to show.

CONTRAST (v. i.): i. e., to stand in or exhibit c.: expr. by circum: v. Above.

CONTRAST (subs.):
     I In c. ing:
     1 by kva . kva what a c. between the solar dynasty and (my) little mind: kva sūryaprabhavo vaṃśaḥ kva cālpaviṣayā matiḥ, R. i. 2.;
     2 antaram (=distance), that is the c. between you and Rāma: tadantaraṃ te ravunandanasya, Ma. n.
     II Obs.: v. Opposition, dissimilarity.

CONTRAVENE: pratihanti (han, c. 2.): v. Oppose, violate.

CONTRAVENTION: vyatikramaḥ: v. Violation, opposition.

CONTRIBUTE:
     I To give, grant: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To help, benefit: q. v.

CONTRIBUTOR:
     I In gen. sense: dānam.
     II Literary: prabandhaḥ (?), sends c. s to many papers: *bahvīṣu patrikāsu sa prabandhāṃllikhati.

CONTRIBUTION:
     I A giver: dātṛ (m.).
     II Literary: lekhakaḥ (=writer).

CONTRITE: anuśayin (f. ): v. Penitent.

CONTRITELY: sānuśayam: v. Penitently.

CONTRITION: anuśayaḥ: v. Penitence, repentance.

CONTRIVANCE:
     I The act: kalpanā: v. Invention.
     II Plan, artifice: q. v.:
     1 upāyaḥ;
     2 upādhiḥ, this object cannot be accomplished without some c.: vinopādhināyamartho na sādhyaḥ, D.

CONTRIVE (v. t.):
     I To form:
     1 udbhāvayati (c. of bhū) (=to invent);
     2 kalpayati (klṭap, (c. 10.) (=to think out);
     3 karoti (= to form):
     4 cintayati (=to consider).
     II To spend: q. v.

CONTRIVE (v. i.): v. To plan, plot.

CONTRIVER
     1 udbhāvayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 kalpayitṛ (f. trī).

CONTROL (subs.):
     I Restraint: q. v.: yantraṇā ni-.
     II Command: yantraṇā ni-, on whom (you) would exercise c.: yasyopari (tava) niyantraṇā syāt, K. Ph.: your (duty) is to keep me under your c. and mine to obey it.: vaśitvaṃ vo vaśyatā ca mama, Vi.

CONTROL (v.):
     1 yacchati ni- saṃ-, (yam, c. l.), c. ing the passions: saṃyamyendriyāṇi, K.;
     2 yantrayati (yantr, c. 10.), one whose mouth is not c. d: ayantritamukhaḥ (khā khaṃ), D.;
     3 ni-gṛhṇāti vini- sanni-, (grah, c. 9.), c. ing rage with patience: kopaṃ kṣamayā nigṛhṇan, B.

CONTROLLER:
     1 niyāmakaḥ, you are king, our c.: tvaṃ rājā no niyāmakaḥ, A. r.;
     2 niyantṛ (m.);
     3 nigrahītṛ (m.);
     4 niyantrayitṛ (m.)

CONTROVERSIAL: expr. by comp., c. point: vivādapadam.

CONTROVERSIALIST: tarkin (f. ); vādin (f. ).

CONTROVERSY:
     1 vādaḥ, to win a c.: vādaṃ jayati, Mah.;
     2 vivādaḥ, in literary c. s: vidyāvivādeṣu, K.;
     3 vicāraḥ (=discussion), in a c. about truths: tattvavicāramadhye, Ki.

CONTROVERT: pratikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), c. the doctrine of transiency: kṣaṇikatvapakṣaṃ pratikṣipanti, D. s.: v. To dispute, assail.

CONTROVERTIBLE:
     1 pratikṣepaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 khaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=refutable).

CONTUMACIOUS: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ), a c. servant: preṣyaḥ pratīpaḥ, H.: v. Obstinate, perverse.

CONTUMACIOUSLY: pratīpam: v. Obstinately, perversely.

CONTUMACIOUSNESS, CONTUMACY: pratīpatā: v. Obstinacy, insolence.

CONTUMELIOUS: avamānin (f. ): v. Insolent.

CONTUMELIOUSLY: sāvamānam: v. Insolently.

CONTUMELY: avamānanā: v. Insult.

CONTUSE:
     I To pound: q. v.: pinaṣṭi (piṣ, c. 7.).
     II To bruise: q. v.

CONTUSION: i. e. a bruise: ghṛṣṭam, Ni.

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CONVALESCENCE: (rogāt) samutthānam: v. Recovery.

CONVALESCENT: (rogāt) samutthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. To recover.

CONVENE (v.):
     I Trans.: samāhvayati (hve, c. l.): v. To assemble, summon.
     II Intrans.: v. To meet, assemble.

CONVENIENCE:
     I Fitness, suitability: q. v.
     II Ease, comfort: q. v. Ph.: according to one's c.: yathāvasaram.

CONVENIENT:
     I Suitable: q. v.: ucitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Commodious: saṅgataḥ (tā taṃ).

CONVENIENTLY:
     1 sukhena (=with ease);
     2 yathāvasaram (at a c. time).

CONVENT: vihāraḥ: v. Monastery.

CONVENTICLE: samājaḥ, who will not come to the c.: yaḥ samāje nāgamiṣyati, V. p.: v. Assembly.

CONVENTION:
     I An agreement: q. v.: samayaḥ, this c. was made by the sages: evaṃ munigaṇaiḥ samayaḥ kṛto'bhūt, V. p.
     II An assembly: q. v.: sabhā.

CONVENTIONAL:
     1 laukikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (=popular);
     2 sarvasammataḥ (tā taṃ) (=approved by all).

CONVERGE: sannipatati (pat, c. l.) (?).

CONVERGENCE, CONVERGENCY: sannipātaḥ (?).

CONVERGENT, CONVERGING (adj.): sannipātin (f. ) (?).

CONVERSABLE: ālāpin (f. ): v. Affable, courteous.

CONVERSABLENESS: ālāpitā: v. Sociability.

CONVERSANT:
     1 abhijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ), I am not c. with such affairs: evaṃvidhānāṃ vṛttāntānāmanamijñāsmi, K.;
     2 kovidaḥ (dā daṃ) (=learned), c. with all the Vedas: vedasamudāyakovidaḥ, D.: v. Versed. Ph.: c. about -viṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) in comp.

CONVERSATION
     I Conduct, behaviour: q. v.
     II Intercourse, acquaintance: q. v.
     III Talk:
     1 ālāpaḥ saṃlāpaḥ, our c. was in one verse: āvayorāsīdekayāryayā saṃlāpaḥ, D. vi.;
     2 sambhāṣā sambhāṣaṇam, to hold c. with women: strībhiḥ saha sambhāṣaṇaṃ karoti; strībhiḥ sambhāṣāṃ samācarati, M. viii. 360-1.;
     3 saṅkathā, we had some c. about news of the country saṅkathā ca deśavārtānuviddhā kācanāvayorabhūt, D. v.;
     4 saṃvādaḥ (rare), Mah;
     5 kathopakathanam or kathānukathanam, N. IV. Sexual intercourse: saṅgamaḥ.

CONVERSATIONAL: expr. by comp., c. power: saṃlāpaśaktiḥ.

CONVERSE (subs.):
     I Conversation: q. v.
     II The contrary: q. v.:
     1 viparītam;
     2 prātilomyam (rare).

CONVERSE (v.):
     I To hold conversation:
     1 saṃ-lapati ā-, (lap, c. l.), not c. ing even with Madalekhā: madalekhāmapyanālapantī, K.;
     2 saṃ-bhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. l.) privately c. s. with witnesses: mithaḥ sākṣibhiḥ sambhāṣate, M. viii. 55.;
     3 saṃkathayati (kath, c. 10.) (rare);
     4 saṃ-vadati (vad, c. l.) (rare), while we are privately c. ing: rahaḥ saṃvādinau āvām, R. xv. 92.
     II To have sexual intercourse: saṃgacchati (gam, c. l.).

CONVERSELY: tadviparyayeṇa, S.

CONVERSION:
     I Change: q. v.: parivartanam.
     II Religious: Ph.: c. to Christianity: *svadharmaṃ parityajya kṛṣṭadharmagrahaṇam.
     III Interchange of words: vyatyayaḥ.

CONVERT (subs.): *svadharmaṃ parityajya dharmāntaragrāhin (f. ṇī).

CONVERT (v. t.):
     I To change: q. v.
     II Of religion: *svadharmaṃ grāhayati (c. of grah).
     III To reform: q. v.
     IV To appropriate: q. v.

CONVERT (v. i.): c. ed into mouse: mūṣiko babhūva: v. To change.

CONVEX: *gaṇḍākāraḥ (rā raṃ); madhyoccaḥ (ccā ccaṃ).

CONVEXITY: *gaṇḍākāratā madhyoccatā.

CONVEY:
     I To carry, transport: q. v.:
     1 vahati (vah, c. l.) (=to carry);
     2 harati (hṛ, c. l.) (=to take), c. my message: sandeśaṃ me hara, Me. i. 7.;
     3 prāpayati (c. of āp) (=to cause to reach), c. ing my respects (to them): prāpitamatpraṇāmaḥ, R. xiv. 60.
     II To transfer (property): sam-arpayati (c. of ).
     III To impart: q. v.

CONVEYANCE:
     I The act:
     1 vahanam;
     2 by verb,
     II Instrument of c.:
     1 vāhanam;
     2 yānam: v. Carriage.
     III Transference: q. v.
     IV Deed of c.: *samarpaṇapatram.

CONVEYANCER: *samarpaṇapatrakovidaḥ or paṇḍitaḥ.

CONVEYANCING: *samarpaṇapatravyavahāraḥ.

CONVEYER: vāhakaḥ: v. Carrier.

CONVICT (subs.):
     1 nirṇītāparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (?);
     2 ādiṣṭadaṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ) (?).

CONVICT (v. t.):
     I To find guilty: aparādhaṃ nirṇayati (, c. l.), the judge c. ed him of murder: *dharmādhikaraṇikastasya vadhāparādhaṃ nirṇināya; c. ed by his own conscience: *svasaṃjñānena nirṇītāparādhaḥ.
     II To prove: q. v.

CONVICTION:
     I The act of finding guilty: aparādhanirṇayaḥ
     II Confutation: q. v.
     III Relief: viśvāsaḥ.

CONVINCE:
     1 viśvāsayati (c. of śvas) (=to cause to believe);
     2 sarvasandehān nirākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.) (=to dispel all doubts). To be c. d: i. e., to be certain: niścayam adhigacchati (gam. c. l.), K.

CONVINCING:
     1 viśvāsajananaḥ (nī naṃ) (=creating belief);
     2 sarvasandehamañjakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (=doubt-removing);
     3 niścāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (=making certain).

CONVINCINGLY: sarvasandehān nirākṛtya, and sim. comp. s.

CONVOCATION:
     I The act: samāhnānam.
     II An assemblage: q. v.: sabhā.

CONVOKE: samāhvayati (hve, c. l.): v. To assemble.

CONVOLUTION: v. Fold, turn.

CONVOLVULUS: kṣīravidārī (a species).

CONVOY (v.): v. To accompany, escort.

CONVOY (subs.):
     I Protection, attendance: q. v.
     II A protecting escort: rakṣakaḥ (=guard).
     III A ship for c.: rakṣakapotaḥ (?).

CONVULSE: saṃ-kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh): v. To agitate.

CONVULSION:
     I Agitation: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.
     II Involuntary contraction:
     1 ākṣopakaḥ;
     2 apatantrakaḥ.

CONVULSIVE: ākṣepin (f. ṇī).

CONY: śaśakaḥ (?).

Coo (v. i.):
     1 kauti (kṛ c. 2.), flurried by c. ing birds: kuvatpakṣikulākulāḥ, B.;
     2 kūjati (kūj, c. l.), of the c. ing dove: kūjatkapotasya, Bham.

COOK (v. t.):
     1 pacati -te (pac, c. l.), to c. rice: taṇḍulān pacati, Bha; c. ed in ghee: ghṛtapakvaḥ (kvā kvaṃ), Bha.; c. ing vessel: pākapātram, Bha.;
     2 sādhayati (c. of sidh) (rare), the way of c. ing food: annānāṃ sādhanaprakāraḥ, Bha.; c. ed meat: siddhamāṃsam, Bha.

COOK (subs.):
     1 pacakaḥ;
     2 sūpakāraḥ;
     3 vallavaḥ;
     4 sūdaḥ.

COOKERY: pākakalā. C. book: pākaśāstram, Bha.; skilled in c.: pākapaṇḍitaḥ, Bha.

COOK-ROOM:
     1 pākaśālā;
     2 mahānasa (mn.).

COOL (adj.):
     I Lit.: śītalaḥ (lā laṃ), with c. fans of lotus-leaves: śītalairnalinīdalatālavṛntaiḥ, Sa.; very c.: suśītalaḥ (lā laṃ), Ri.: v. Cold.
     II Calm, composed: q. v.: śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).
     III Indifferent: q. v.

COOL (subs.): śītalatā.

COOL (v. t.):
     I Lit.: śītalīkaroti, c. ing the rice-scum: annamaṇḍaṃ śītalīkṛtya, D. vi.
     II Fig., to allay, moderate: q. v.: śamayati (c. of śam).

COOL (v. i.):
     I Lit: śītalībhavati.
     II Fig., śāmyati (śam, c. 4.): v. To subside.

COOLER: śītalasādhanam.

COOLING (adj.):
     1 śītalakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 tāpaharaḥ (rī raṃ). C. apparatus: v. Cooler.

COOLLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by adj.
     II Calmly: q. v.: śāntam.
     III Indifferently, impudently: q. v.

COOLNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 śītalatā;
     2 śiśiratā, K.
     II Calmness: q. v.: praśāntiḥ.
     III Indifference: q. v.
     IV Impudence: q. v.

COOP:
     I Lit.: jalacarapakṣibhedaḥ.
     II A simpleton: q. v.

COOP (subs.):
     I A barrel: q. v.
     II A cage: q. v.: vītaṃsaḥ.

COOP UP or IN: ni-ruṇaddhi saṃ-, (rudh, c. 7.) (with loc.), c. d up in a cage pañjare saṃrudhya, K.: v. To confine.

COOPER: *dārukarman (m.); bhāṇḍakāraḥ.

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COOPERAGE:
     I Cooper's work: *dārukarman (n.)
     II Price for it: *dārukarmamūlyam

CO-OPERATE:
     I To work together: sambhūya karoti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To help: q. v.

CO-OPERATION:
     I Joint operation:
     1 saṅghavṛttitā, Ki.;
     2 sambhūyakāritā, M. n.
     II Assistance: q. v.: sāhāyyam.

CO-PARCENER: sahādhikārin (f. ṇī).

CO-PARTNER: samavāyin (f. ): v. Partner.

CO-PARTNERSHIP: samavāyitā: v. Partnership.

COPE (subs.):
     I A cap: śiraskam.
     II A cloak: prāvāraḥ
     III Coping: q. v.
     IV Arch: q. v.

COPE (v. t.):
     I To accost: vigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To requite, reward: q. v.

COPE WITH: Ph.: c. d with the adverse army: pratibalaṃ pratijagrāha, D.; elephant riders c. d with (lit. went up to) elephant riders: yantā gajasyābhyapatadgajastham, R.; horse c. d with (lit. met) horse: vāhameyāya vājī, Si.: v. To encounter.

COPIER: v. Copyist.

COPING (subs.): kapiśīrṣam, Wilson.

COPIOUS:
     1 pracuraḥ (rā. raṃ);
     2 puṣkalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 bhūyiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ): v. Abundant.

COPIOUSLY:
     1 pracuram;
     2 bhūyiṣṭham;
     3 prabhūtam;
     4 bhūri.

COPIOUSNESS:
     1 prācuryam;
     2 prabhūtatā: v. Abundance.

COPPER (subs.):
     I The metal: tāmram.
     II A. c. coin:
     1 tāmramudrā;
     2 paṇaḥ.
     III A c. vessel: tāmrapātram: v. Caldron.

COPPER (adj.):
     I C. coloured:
     1 tāmraḥ (mrā mraṃ), "c. nose": tāmranāsikā;
     2 tāmravarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ).
     II Consisting of c.:
     1 tāmra- in comp.;
     2 tāmramayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

COPPER (v. t.): tāmrapatrairāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.) or pidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

COPPER-BOTTOMED: tāmrapatrāvṛtatalaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

COPPER-FACED: Of types: *tāmrāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

COPPER-PLATE:
     1 tāmraphalakam;
     2 tāmrapatram;
     3 tāmrapaṭṭam.

COPPER-SMITH:
     1 tāmrakāraḥ;
     2 tāmrikaḥ.

COPPERY: tāmra in comp.: v. Copper (adj.).

COPPICE, COPSE: gulmaḥ: v. Shrubbery, thicket.

COPULA: kriyā.

COPULATE:
     1 maithunaṃ karoti or ācarati (cara, c. l.), Mah.;
     2 saṅgacchati (gam, c. l.), c. ing in the form of a deer: mṛgarūpeṇa saṅgataḥ, Mah.

COPULATION:
     1 maithunam;
     2 suratam;
     3 saṅgamaḥ;
     4 saṃsargaḥ;
     5 vyavāyaḥ, B. p.;
     6 nidhuvanam, A.

COPULATIVE: samuccayārthakamavyayam.

COPY (subs.):
     I A transcript: pratilipiḥ.
     II A book printed: Ph.: my c. of the Mahābhārata: *madīyaṃ mahābhāratam; two c. s of the Mudrā Rākshaha: *mudrārākṣasadvayam.
     III An imitation: q. v.
     IV An original: q. v.

COPY (v. t.):
     I To write, print, or engrave after an original: q. v.: c. out this letter: *asya patrasya pratilipiṃ kuru.
     II To imitate: q. v.

COPY-BOOK: *pratilipipatrikā.

COPYHOLD: bhūmipatīnāmicchādhīnaḥ kṣetrādāvadhikāraḥ; asvāyattādhikāraḥ.

COPYHOLDER: *asvāyattādhikāravat (f. ).

COPYIST: *pratilipikāraḥ.

COPYRIGHT: *mudraṇasvatvam.

COQUET: vilasati (las, c. l).

COQUETRY:
     1 vilāsaḥ;
     2 hāvaḥ.

COQUETTE: vilāsinī.

CORAL:
     1 prabāla, (mn.);
     2 vidrumaḥ.

CORBAN: baliḥ.

CORD (subs.):
     1 rajjuḥ;
     2 dāman (n.).

CORD (v.): i. c. to bind with a c.: v. Cord, to bind.

CORDIAL (adj.): v. Hearty, sincere, affectionate.

CORDIALITY: sauhārdam: v. Friendship, affection.

CORDIALLY: v. Affectionately.

CORIANDER:
     1 dhanyākam;
     2 dhāneyam.

CORK (subs.): *karkam.

CORK (v. t.): *karkayati (nomi.) or karkeṇa pidadhāti (dhā, c. 3): v. To shut. C. ed: *karkita: (tā taṃ).

CORMORANT: A bird: *samudrakākaḥ.

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CORN (subs.):
     I Lit. dhānyam, Bha.
     II On the foot:
     1 kiṇaḥ;
     2 kadaraḥ.

CORN (v.):
     I To sprinkle with salt: lavaṇayati (nomi.).
     II To granulate: q. v.

CORNEA: śvetabhāgaḥ, C. s.

CORNEL: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

CORNELIAN: upalabhedaḥ.

CORNER:
     I An angle:
     1 koṇaḥ;
     2 asraḥ;
     3 āram (rare).
     II Fig.: a retreat or lurking place: koṇaḥ. Ph.: c. of the eye: apāṅgam; c. of the mouth: sṛkkan (n.).

CORNER-STONE:
     I Lit.: koṇaprastaraḥ (?).
     II Fig.: stambhaḥ (=pillar)

CORNET:
     I A wind instrument: kāhalaḥ
     II A cavalry officer: vaijayantikaḥ (=standard bearer: q. v.)

CORNICE: cūḍā.

CORNUCOPIA: *śrīśṛṅgam.

CORNY:
     I Lit.: dhānyamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Horny: q. v.

COROLLA: garmadalam (?).

COROLLARY: anumānam, K. d.

CORONATION: abhiṣekaḥ.

CORONER: śavaparīkṣakaḥ.

CORONET: An inferior crown: v. Crown.

CORPORAL (subs.): An officer in the army: *adhiyodhaḥ.

CORPORAL (adj.):
     1 kāyikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 śārīrikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

CORPORATE: Ph.: c. body: v. Corporation; c. town: v. Municipality; c. property *samavāyasya sampattiḥ.

CORPORATION: samavāyaḥ (?).

CORPOREAL:
     I Having a body:
     1 dehin (f. );
     2 śarīrin (f. ṇī);
     3 śarīrabhāj (mfn.);
     4 vapuṣmat (f. );
     5 vigrahavat (f. ) (rare).
     II Material: q. v. Ph.: c. frame: v. Body.

CORPS: dalam (?): v. Company (I).

CORPSE:
     1 śava (mn.);
     2 kuṇapa (mn.) (rare): v. Dead and body.

CORPULENCE:
     1 pīnatā;
     2 sthūlatāḥ v. Fatness.

CORPULENT:
     1 pīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fat, stout.

CORPUSCLE: paramāṇuḥ: v. Atom.

CORPUSCULAR: expr. by comp., c. theory: paramāṇuvādaḥ.

CORRECT (adj.):
     1 śuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), vi- pari-;
     2 abhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

CORRECT (v.):
     I To amend: śodhayati pari- saṃ-, (c. of śudh), c. ing Śudras: vṛṣalān saṃśodhayitvā, Mat.
     II To remove: q. v.

CORRECTION: śodhanaṃ or śuddhiḥ vi- pari- saṃ-, its c. tasya viśuddhiḥ, Tārānātha.

CORRECTIVE:
     1 śodhakaḥ (dhikā dhikaṃ);
     2 śodhanaḥ (nī naṃ).

CORRECTLY:
     1 śuddham;
     2 abhrāntam;
     3 añjasā.

CORRECTNESS: śuddhatā vi-.

CORRECTOR: śodhakaḥ vi- pari- saṃ-.

CORRELATION: parasparasambandhaḥ.

CORRELATIVE: parasparasambaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (?).

CORRESPOND:
     I To fit.: expr. by adj. s: anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ) or sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ).
     II To agree: q. v. saṃvadati (vad, c. l.).
     III By letter: *patreṇa saṃvādaṃ karoti (?).

CORRESPONDENCE:
     I Fitness, congruity: q. v.: anurūpatā.
     II By letter: patrasaṃvādaḥ.
     III Letters: patrāṇi (n. pl.).

CORRESPONDENT:
     I Subs.: patraprerakaḥ or by circum., he has many London c. s: *laṇḍanādbahavastaṃ patrāṇi likhanti or prerayanti.
     II Adj.: v. Corresponding.

CORRESPONDING (adj.):
     I Agreement: saṃvādin (f. ).
     II By letter: patrasaṃvādin (f. )

CORRIDOR: v. Gallery.

CORRIGIBLE: śodhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), vi- pari- saṃ-.

CORROBORATE: draḍhayati (nomi.): v. To confirm.

CORROBORATION: i. e. the act of corroborating or that which c. s: expr. by verb.

CORROBORATIVE: expr. by verb, this is c. of his guilt: etattasyāparādhaṃ draḍhayati.

CORRODE: kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.) (?); khādati (khād, c. l.) (?).

CORROSIVE: kṣayakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (?).

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CORRUPT (v. i.): i. e., to rot: pūtībhavati.

CORRUPT (v. t.):
     I To putrefy: pūtīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To vitiate:
     1 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ), to c. a virgin: kanyāṃ dūṣayati, M.;
     2 nāśayati (c. of naś) (=to destroy), great addiction to sensual pleasures c. s men: nāśayati puruṣamatyāsaṅgo viṣayeṣu, K.;
     3 pātayati (c. of pat) (to cause to fall from), for c. ing the character of noble ladies: kulavadhūnāṃ śīlapātane, D.;
     4 vikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), whose minds are not c. ed in presence of c. ing agencies: vikārahetau sati vikriyante yepāṃna cetāṃsi, Ku.

CORRUPT (adj.):
     I Rotten: pūti (mfn.).
     II Spoiled, depraved: naṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Incorrect: bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).
     IV Impure: aśuci (mfn.).

CORRUPTER:
     1 dūṣakaḥ;
     2 nāśakaḥ.

CORRUPTIBLE:
     I Subject to decay:
     1 naśvaraḥ vi-, (rā raṃ);
     2 nāśin (f. ), vi-;
     2 dhvaṃsin (f. ), vi-.
     II Capable of being vitiated: expr. by verb. Ph.: c. by money: dhanadānena bhedyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ), K. b.

CORRUPTION:
     I Putrescence: q. v.
     II Pus: q. v.
     III Vitiating:
     1 dūṣaṇam;
     2 nāśanam;
     3 pātanam.
     IV Depravity, impurity: q. v. Ph.: "c. of blood": adhikāralopaḥ (?).

CORRUPTLY: expr. by adj. or circum., to decree and dismiss c.: *naṣṭaḥ or dhanena bhinnaḥ jayaparājayau vidadhāti.

CORRUPTNESS:
     I The state: naṣṭatā.
     II Depravity, impurity: q. v.

CORSAIR:
     I A pirate: q. v.
     II A piratical vessel: dasyupotaḥ.

CORSE: śavaḥ: v. Corpse.

CORSELET:
     1 kavacaḥ;
     2 uraśchadaḥ;
     3 urastrāṇam;
     4 colakaḥ.

CORSET:
     1 colaḥ;
     2 kūrpāsakaḥ: v. Bodice.

CORTEGE:
     1 parijanāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 parivarhaḥ: v. Retinue.

CORUSCATION:
     1 chaṭā;
     2 sphuritam: v. Flash.

CORVETTE:
     1 raṇapotaviśeṣaḥ;
     2 vahitram (?).

COSMETIC:
     1 kāntidaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 kāntivardhakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

COSMOGONY: *jagadudbhavatattvam, and sim. comp.s.

COSMOGRAPHY:
     1 *viśvavivaraṇam;
     2 *jagad- -varṇanam.

COSMOPOLITE: yaḥ (yā yaṃ) samabhāvena sarvadeśavāsinaḥ paśyati; *vaiśvānaraḥ.

COST (subs.):
     I Price: q. v.: sūlyam. Expense: q. v.: vyayaḥ, even at the c. of one life: prāṇavyayenāpi, H.

COST (v. t.):
     I Of price: Ph.: what did the book c. you: kiyatā mūlyena tvayā pustako gṛhītaḥ,
     II Of expense: Ph.: it c. him much to repair the town: bahudhanavyayena navīkṛtā nagarī. Ph.: though it c. me ten nights' watchings: daśarātrijāgaraṇenāpi

COSTERMONGER: phalavikrotāḥ v. Fruiterer.

COSTIVE:
     I Of medicines:
     1 grāhin (f. ṇī saṃ-, Sr.;
     2 viṣṭammin (f. ), Sr.
     II Of bowels, constipated: v. To constipate.

COSTIVENESS:
     1 ānāhaḥ;
     2 viḍbaddhatāḥ Constipation.

COSTLINESS:
     1 bahumūlyatā;
     2 mahārghatā;
     3 mahā- rhatā;
     4 durmūlyatā.

COSTLY:
     1 bahumūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ);
     2 mahārghaḥ rghā, rghaṃ);
     3 mahārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ).

COSTUME: veśaḥ or veṣaḥ, riding costume: turaṅgādhirohaṇocito veśaḥ, K.: v. Dress.

COT:
     I A cottage: q. v.: kuṭīraḥ.
     II A smal bed: khaṭṭā or khaṭṭikā.

COTEMPORARY: v. Contemporary.

COTTAGE:
     1 kuṭīraḥ;
     2 uṭajaḥ;
     3 parṇaśālā ;
     4 tṛṇakuṭī.

COTTAGER: kuṭīravāsin (m.): v. Peasant.

COTTON:
     I The plant: kārpāsī.
     II Its down-like substance:
     1 kārpāsam;
     2 tūla (mn.);
     3 piculaḥ.
     III Cloth made of cotton: kārpāsavastram. Ph.: made of c.:
     1 kārpāsaḥ (sī saṃ);
     2 phālaḥ (lī laṃ). C. mill *kārpāsacakram.

COUCH (subs.):
     1 śayyā;
     2 prastaraḥ: v. Bed.

COUCH (v. i.):
     I To lie down: q. v.: śete (śī, c. 2.).
     II To hide: q. v.

COUCH (v. t.):
     I To lay down, place: q. v.
     II To express: grathnāti (granth, c. 9).
     III. To level a lance; v. To aim.
     IV To c. a cataract: dṛṣṭimaṇḍalajakaphaharaṇāya śuklabhāgau vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.), Sr.

COUGH (subs.): kāsaḥ or kāśaḥ, dry c.: śuṣkakāsaḥ (after Sr.); suffering from c.: kāśin (f. ), Sr.

COUGH (v. i.): kāsate (kās, c. l). C. up: utkāsate.

COULTER:
     1 phālaḥ;
     2 kuśī;
     3 potram.

COUNCIL
     1 sabhā (best equiv.), to hold a c.: samāṃ karoti or kārayati (if held through another's instrumentality), H.; to break up a c.: sabhābhaṅgaṃ karoti, H.; secret c.: gūḍhasabhā; august c.: mahāsabhā;
     2 saṃsad, (f.);
     3 sadas (n.);
     4 samitiḥ, addressed the c.: samitiṃ babhāṣe, B. C. chamber, C. room:
     1 by the above words, arrived at the c.: āsadatsadaḥ. Si.;
     2 sabhāgṛham, and sim. comp.;
     3 indrakam.

COUNCIL-BOARD:
     I Lit.: sabhāpīṭham (?).
     II Fig., = council: q. v.

COUNCILLOR: Ph.: town-c.: porasabhāsad (?).

COUNSEL (subs.):
     I Consultation: q. v.: bhantraṇā.
     II Deliberation, prudence: q. v.: vicāraḥ.
     III Advice: q. v.: upadeśaḥ.
     IV Scheme, policy: upāyaḥ. V. An advocate: q. v.: *dharmopadeṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī).

COUNSEL (v.): upadiśati: v. To advise, consult.

COUNSELLOR:
     I An adviser: q. v.
     II A councillor: mantrin (m.).

COUNT (subs.):
     I A title: padavīviśeṣaḥ; *kāntaḥ.
     II Counting: q. v.
     III Esteem: q. v.
     IV In law, *pādaḥ.

COUNT (v.):
     I Trans: gaṇayati vi- pari- pra-, (gaṇ, c. 10.) (lit. and fig.), c. ed lotus-leaves: kamalapatrāṇi gaṇayāmāsa Ku.: v. To reckon.
     II Intrans: gaṇyate (pass. of gaṇ).

COUNT ON or UPON: gaṇayati vi- pari-, c. ing on success: phalaniṣpattiṃ vigaṇayya, Ki. ii. 35.: v. To rely.

COUNT OUT: saṃkhyāti (khyā, c. 2.).

COUNTENANCE (subs.):
     I Face: q. v.: ānanam, "out of c.": natānanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).
     II Look, appearance:
     1 ākāraḥ;
     2 ākṛtiḥ.
     III Favour, encouragement: q. v.: To give c. to: anukūlayati (nomi.).
     IV Show, pretence: q. v.

COUNTENANCE (v. t.): v. To favour, encourage, support.

COUNTER (subs.):
     I A piece of metal etc. used in reckoning: guṭikā (properly a small ball), Da.
     II A shop-c.: gaṇanāphalakam (?).

COUNTER (adj.): v. Contrary, opposite.

COUNTER TO: v. Against.

COUNTERACT:
     1 nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10) (=to prevent: q. v.);
     2 modhīkaroti (=frustrate: q. v.).

COUNTERACTION: pratikriyā (?): v. Hindrance, resistance.

COUNTERBALANCE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: Ph.: when the weight c. s the man: pratimānapuruṣau samadhṛtau, V. s.; being c. d: pratimānasamībhūtaḥ, Y.
     II Fig.: śamayati (c. of śam) (?).

COUNTERCHANGE: v. Exchange.

COUNTERFEIT (adj.)):
     1 kapaṭa- in comp., c. seal: kapaṭamudrā, Mu. v.;
     2 kūṭa- in comp., c. order: kūṭaśāsanam, M. ix. 232.;
     3 kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ) or kṛtakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (=fabricated, forged), c. letter: kṛtako lekhaḥ, Mu. vi.: v. False, spurious.

COUNTERFEIT (subs.):
     I In bad sense: expr. by the adj.: these c. s are well-fabricated: *sukṛtānyetāni kapaṭadravyāṇi.
     II Likeness, counterpart: q. v.
     III A cheat, an impostor: q. v.

COUNTERFEITER: A forger: kūṭakarmakartṛ (m.), V. s.; c. of letters: kūṭalekhakāraḥ,
     V s.
     II An impostor: q. v.

COUNTERMAND (v.): pratyādiśati (diś, c. 6.): v. To revoke, contradict.

COUNTERMAND (subs.): pratyādeśaḥ: v. Revocation.

COUNTERMARCH (v.): pratyāvartate (vṛt, c. l.): v. To return.

COUNTERMARK (subs.): *praticihnam.

COUNTERMINE (subs.): pratisuraṅgam (?).

COUNTERMINE (v. t.): modhīkaroti: v. Frustrate.

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COUNTERNATURAL: prakṛtiviruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), and sim. comp. s: v. Natural.

COUNTERPANE: kuthaḥ, K.: v. Coverlet.

COUNTERPART: pratirūpam: v. Duplicate.

COUNTERPLOT (subs.): pratīpamantraṇā (?), and sim. comp. s.

COUNTERPOISE (v.):
     I Lit.: pratimānaṃ bhavati (with gen.) (?).
     II Fig.: śamayati (c. of śam) (?).

COUNTERPOISE (subs.). pratimānam (?).

COUNTERSCARP (f.): parikhāparyantaḥ (?).

COUNTERSIGN (v. t.): *prati-likhati (likh, c. 6.).

COUNTERSIGNATURE: *pratilekhaḥ.

COUNTER-TENOR: tārasvaraḥ (?), Mr. iii.

COUNTERVAIL (v.): v. To equal, balance, compensate.

COUNTESS: padavīviśeṣaḥ; *kāntā.

COUNTING (subs.): gaṇanā. C. -house: gaṇanāgṛham (?).

COUNTLESS: asaṅgya (f. ṅgayā): v. Innumerable.

COUNTRY (subs.):
     I A tract of land:
     1 deśaḥ, one's own c.: svadeśaḥ; I will leave this c.: deśamimaṃ jihāsāmi, D. ii.;
     2 rāṣṭram, among the c. s you have seen: bhavadṛṣṭeṣu rāṣṭreṣu, D. vi.;
     3 viṣayaḥ;
     4 janapadaḥ.
     II As opposed to town: grāmaḥ (=village) (?).

COUNTRY (adj.):
     I As opposed to city: grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ), c. mouse: grāmyabhūṣikaḥ; c. town: *grāmyapattanam or kharvaṭam; c. -house: *grāmyabhavanam; to lead a c. life: grāmeṣu jīvanamativāhayati (?).
     II Rude: q. v.: grāmyaḥ (myā myaṃ).
     III Of a c.: deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

COUNTRY-FOLK:
     1 grāmyajanāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 grāmyāḥ (m. pl.): v. Rustic.

COUNTRYMAN:
     I A rustic: q. v.
     II An inhabitant of a country: deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or deśavāsin (f. ), one's own c.: svadeśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

COUNTY: pradeśaḥ (?), c. town: pattanam (?).

COUP-DE-MAIN: Ph.: by c.: atarkitaṃ drutataramavaskandya (?).

COUP-D'ETAT: *ākasmikanītikauśalam.

COUPLE (subs.):
     I A pair: q. v.: yugmam.
     II Of animals:
     1 mithunam, c. s of the ruddy goose: mithunāni rathāṅganāmnām, Ki.;
     2 dvandvam, in c. s: dvandvībhūya, A. r.;
     3 dampatī (m. dual) (man and wife);
     4 vadhūvaram (a newly married c.), Ku.
     III A bond or leash: q. v.

COUPLE (v. i.): saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10): v. To join.

COUPLE (v. i.): To copulate.

COUPLET: paṃktidvayam (?). C. of two slokas: yugmakam.

COURAGE:
     1 śauryam (=valour);
     2 nirbhīkatā (=intrepidity);
     3 sāhasam (= boldness). To lose c.: satvāt paribhraśyate, Mr. To inspire with c.: utsāhayati (c. of sah), Ku. xv. 51. To take c.: sam-āśvasiti (śvas, c. 2), Ki.

COURAGEOUS: v. Brave, valiant, intrepid, spirited.

COURAGEOUSLY: v. Bravely, valiantly, fearlessly.

COURIER:
     1 jaṅghākarikaḥ or jaṅghālaḥ;
     2 vārtāvahaḥ (=any message-bearer);
     3 lekhahāraḥ (= letter carrier).

COURSE (subs.):
     I Motion: q. v.:
     1 gatiḥ, the c. of his chariot was not interrupted: gatirvijaghna nahi tadrathasya. R. v. 27.;
     2 pravāhaḥ (=flowing c., as of rivers): Ph.: look, so the balloon bends its c.: pravartate paśya tathā vimānam, R.; directed the c. of the car towards the capital: rājadhānīṃ rathasyadasya lakṣyīcakāra, N.
     II Track, way: q. v.: mārgaḥ, c. of an arrow: mārgaṇasya mārgaḥ, Ki.
     III Racecourse: q. v.
     IV Method of procedure: gatiḥ, there being no other c.: gatyantarāmāvāt, D. ii.; one who has no c. left: agatikaḥ (kā kaṃ), K. Ph. take to a sacred c.: pūtaṃ bhajasva panthānam, Vi.
     V Of lectures etc.: Ph.: a c. of lecture: *kramikapāṭhāḥ.
     VI Of dishes: bhojanaprakāraḥ (or strictly) *bhojanakramaḥ.
     VII The menstrual c.: ṛtuḥ. A woman in her c.: rajasvalā. Ph.: as a matter of c.: prakṛtyā, U.: v. Naturally; he would of c. give his assent: sa niyatamanujñāsyati, Da. v. Indeed, certainly, undoubtedly; in the c. of, expr. by madhye or by loc. absol.; in the c. of conversation: kathāprasaṅgena, K. i. 24 or kathānukathanena, N. v. 13; in the c. of time: gacchati kāle, K. or kālakrameṇa, Ku.; in due c.: krameṇa, K.

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COURSE (v.):
     I To hunt, pursue: q. v.
     II To run: q. v.: dhāvati pra-, (dhāv, c. l.).

COURSER:
     I A hunter: q. v.: javanavājin (m.)

COURT (subs.):
     I An enclosed space:
     1 prakoṣṭhaḥ, a dwelling with eight c. s aṣṭaprakoṣṭhakaṃ bhavanam, Mr.;
     2 catvaram (a front c.): v. Yard.
     II A palace: q. v.: rājakulam, we will go and represent in the c. rājakulaṃ gatvā nivedayāvaḥ, Mr.
     II C. dress rājadarśanocito veśaḥ, and sim. comp. s.
     III The men about a king: rājasannidhilokāḥ (m. pl.), P.
     IV Their assembly: sabhā, to hold a c. sabhāṃ karoti, Mah. V. Attention, civility: q. v.
     VI A c. of justice:
     1 vicārālayaḥ;
     2 adhikaraṇam, Mr.;
     3 vyavahāramaṇḍapaḥ, Mr.;
     4 dharmādhikaraṇasthānam, P.
     VII A judge or judges:
     1 adhikaraṇikaḥ, this is to be asked by men, not by the c.: janasya pracchanīyo'yamarthaḥ na punaradhikaraṇikasya, Mr.;
     2 dharmādhikārin (m), the c. said to him: dharmādhikāriṇastamūcuḥ, P.

COURT (v. t.):
     I To pay c. to: ārādhayati (c. of rādh), c. ing the people: ārādhanāya lokānām, U.
     II To solicit, seek: q. v.
     III To woo: q. v.

COURT-DAY: *vyavahāradinam; adhiveśanadivasaḥ.

COURT-MARTIAL: *yuddhādhikaraṇam; yodhavicārasabhā.

COURTEOUS:
     1 dakṣiṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (=complaisant);
     2 vinītaḥ (tā taṃ) (=polite);
     3 priyaṃvadaḥ (dā daṃ) (=affable);
     4 sujanaḥ (=civil).

COURTEOUSLY:
     1 savinayam;
     2 sapraśrayam;
     3 saujanyena.

COURTEOUSNESS: v. Courtesy (I).

COURTESAN:
     1 gaṇikā;
     2 vārāṅganā, and sim. comp. s;
     3 vāravilāsinī. A chief c. vāramukhyā, Me. ii. 10: v. Prostitute.

COURTESY:
     I Courteousness:
     1 dākṣiṇyam, by her politness, c., and affability: tasyā vinayena dākṣiṇyena madhurālāpitayā. K.;
     2 vinayaḥ;
     3 praśrayaḥ, accepted with c.: sapraśrayaṃ pratijagrāha, K.;
     4 saujanyam. c., agreeable as free from arrogance: apagatābhimānamadhurā sujanatā. K.
     II An act of c.: upacāraḥ, by c. s to the invited ladies: upacāreṇa nimantritastrīṣu, C.
     III A bow: praṇāmaḥ, R. vi. 25.

COURTIER:
     I A member of a princely court:
     1 rājasannidhilokaḥ;
     2 rājavallabhaḥ; and sim. comp. s.
     II A flatterer: q. v.

COURTLY:
     I Relating to a court: expr. by comp.
     II Well-bred: q. v.
     III Obsequious: q. v.

COURTSHIP: no equiv.: expr. by praṇayaḥ or āsaktiḥ.

COURTYARD:
     1 aṅganam;
     2 prāṅgaṇam;
     3 catvaram;
     4 ajiram.

COUSIN:
     1 pitṛvyaputraḥ (f. trī) (=father's brother's child);
     2 pitṛsvastrīyaḥ (f. ) (=f. sister's c.);
     3 mātṛsvastrīyaḥ (f. ) (=mother's s. c.);
     4 mātulaputraḥ (f. trī) (=m. brother's c.).

COVE: vaṅkaḥ (?).

COVENANT (subs.): saṃvid (f.): v. Agreement.

COVENANT (v.): saṃvidaṃ karoti: v. To agree, bargain.

COVER (v. t.):
     I To overspread:
     1 chādayati ā- samā- pra-, (chad, c. 10.), c. him with this wrapper: anena prāvārakeṇa chādayainam, Mr.; i.
     2 āvṛṇoti samā-, (rarely prā- saṃ- ni-,) (vṛ, c. 5.), c. ed with darkness: timirāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), M. n.; c. ed face: saṃvṛtamukham, K.;
     3 api-dadhāti pi-, (dhā, c. 3.) c. ing his head with a wing: śiraḥ pidhāya pakṣeṇa, N.;
     4 stṛṇāti or stṛṇoti (stṛ or stdṛ, c. 9. and 5.) (rare), c. ed the ground with their hands: śirobhirmahīṃ tastāra, R. iv. 63.;
     5 ācinoti samā-, (ci, c. 5.) (rare), c. ed with bunches of flowers: kusumastavakācitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     6 urṇauti pra-, (urṇu, c. 2.) (rare), B.;
     7 sthagayati (sthag, c. 10) (rare). Ph.: c. ed with wounds: kṣatavikṣataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To conceal: q. v.
     1 ācchāyati pra-, by what means shall I c. this failing: kenopāyena skhalitamidaṃ pracchādayami, K.;
     2 ā-vṛṇoti saṃ-, M. n.;
     3 pidadhāti, Si. C. ed way: channapathaḥ or gūḍhamārgaḥ.
     III To protect: q. v.: rakṣati (rakṣa, c. l.), to c. the rear: pṛṣṭhadeśaṃ rakṣitum, M. n.
     IV To brood: āvṛṇoti (?). V. To be sufficient for: v. Sufficient.
     VI To include: q. v.
     VII To copulate with: q. v.

COVER (subs.):
     I C. ing, lid: q. v. C. (of a book) veṣṭanam, C.
     II Fig., screen:
     1 āvaraṇam;
     2 ācchādanam;
     3 pidhānam.
     III Shelter, protection: q. v.: expr. by verb, (women are) under c. of their father during their childhood: pitā rakṣati kaumāre, M. Ph.: under c. of the night: rātriyogena.
     IV Pretext: q. v. V. For game: no equiv.: vanam: v. Wood.

COVERING (subs.):
     1 āvaraṇam, c. of the body: dehāvaraṇāni, Ki.;
     2 ācchādanam, give me also your under-garment and c.: paridhānācchādanavastramapi samarpaya, P.;
     3 pidhānam (not used of clothes): v. Clothing, cloak.

COVERLET:
     1 uttaracchadaḥ;
     2 pracchadapaṭaḥ;
     3 uparyāstaraṇavastram, M. n.

COVERT (adj.):
     I Secret: q. v.: pracchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).
     II Protected, as a fence c.: rakṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

COVERT (subs.):
     I A shelter: q. v.
     II A thicket: q. v.
     III Of wings of birds: perh.: pakṣatiḥ, N.

COVERTLY: channam, D.: v. Secretly.

COVET:
     1 lubhyati -te (lubh, c. 4.) (with dat.) (in bad sense), yet Rama c. ed the stag: tathāpi rāmo lulubhe mṛgāya, H.;
     2 spṛhayati (spṛh, c. 10.) (=to long for, desire: q. v.). I c. this (child) sphṛhayāmyasmai. Sa. vii.;
     3 gṛdhyati (gṛdh, c. l.) (rare), he who would c. me: yo māṃ gṛdhyeta Mah.

COVETABLE: spṛhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Desirable.

COVETOUS:
     I In bad sense:
     1 lubdha (f. bdhā), c. of riches: dhanalubdhaḥ (f. bdhā), H.; a c. man: lubdhakaḥ, P.;
     2 lobhin (f. );
     3 lobhavat (f. );
     4 gṛdhnu (mfn) (rare). Ph.: your mind is c.: tṛṣṇātaralaṃ bhavanmanaḥ, N. Very c.:
     1 lolubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 lolupaḥ (pā paṃ).
     II In good sense, = desirous: q. v.: lipsu (mfn.).

COVETOUSLY:
     1 lobhāt;
     2 lobhena;
     3 expr. by adj.

COVETOUSNESS: lobhaḥ, c. creates thirst: lobho janayate tṛṣām, H.: v. Desire, avarice.

COVEY: kulam: v. Flock.

COW (subs.): go (mf.) c.' s milk: godugdham; killing a c.: gohatyā; milch c.: dhenuḥ. C. -dung:
     1 gomaya (mn.);
     2 goviṣ (f.). Dry c.: karīra (mn.)

COW (v.): v. To stupefy, terrify. C. ed down:
     1 jaḍībhūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 santrastaḥ (stā staṃ).

COW HERD:
     1 gopaḥ;
     2 vallavaḥ;
     3 ābhīraḥ;
     4 gopālaḥ. A station of c. s:
     1 ghoṣaḥ;
     2 ābhīrapalliḥ. C. ess:
     1 gopī;
     2 vallavī.

COW HIDE:
     I Lit.: gocarman (n.).
     II A whip: gocarmanirmitā kaśā.

COW-HOUSE, COW-PEN:
     1 vrajaḥ;
     2 goṣṭham;
     3 gośālā;
     4 gokulam.

COWARD:
     1 kāpuruṣaḥ H.;
     2 bhīruḥ, whether he was a c. or a hero: sa bhīruḥ śūro vā, Ve iii.: v. Timid.

COWARDICE:
     1 bhīrutā, from c. bhīrutyā, Mr.;
     2 kātaryam (=timidity), simple policy is c.: kātaryaṃ kevalā nīti., R.;
     3 kuvikramaḥ (towards the weak), your c. to a poor bird: kuvikramaṃ te kṛpaṇe patatriṇi, N.;
     4 apauruṣam (=unmanliness).

COWARDLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 bhīru (mfn.) v. Timid;
     2 nirvīryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ);
     3 apauruṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ): v. Unmanly.
     II Mean, base: q. v.: kṛpaṇaḥ (f. ṇā).

COWER (v. i.): bhayāvanamraśarīraḥ (rā raṃ); bhayāvanataḥ (tā taṃ).

COWL: śiraskaviśeṣaḥ: v. Head-dress.

COWSHIP: oṣadhibhedaḥ; *gokandaḥ.

COXCOMB:
     I A fop: q. v.: dāmbhikaḥ (?).
     II A plant: mayūracūḍā or mayūrakaḥ.

COXCOMBRY:
     1 nāgarikatā (?);
     2 dambhaḥ (?).

COY: apragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ): v. Modest, reserved.

COYLY:
     1 aviśrambham (=without confidence);
     2 savrīḍam (=bashfully, modestly: q. v.).

COYNESS:
     1 aviśrambhatā (want of confidence), K.;
     2 vrīḍā (=bashfulness, modesty: q. v.).

COZEN: chalayati (chal, c. 10.): v. To cheat.

COZENAGE: chalanā: v. Cheating.

COZILY: ārāmeṇa or sārāmam (?): v. Comfortably.

COZY: ārāma-, c. seat: ārāmāsanam (?): v. Comfortable.

CRAB:
     1 karkaṭaḥ;
     2 kulīraḥ. C., i. e. c. -apple: kapitthaḥ (?).

CRABBED
     I Harsh, cross: q. v.
     II Difficult, perplexing: q. v.

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CRABBEDLY: v. Peevishly; with difficulty.

CRABBEDNESS: v. Peevishness; roughness; perplexity.

CRACK (v. i.):
     I To break into pieces: q. v: truṭati (truṭ, c. 6.).
     II To rattle: q. v.: viraiti (ru, c. 2.).
     III To boast: q. v.

CRACK (v. t.):
     I To break, burst: q. v.: troṭayati (c. of truṭ).
     II To snap: q. v.: sphoṭayati ā-, (c. of sphuṭ).
     III To puff: q. v. Ph.: to c. a joke: parihāsaṃ karoti.

CRACK (subs.):
     I Chink: chidram, c. in a wall: bhitticchidram, Mu. ii.
     II A sound: q. v.: virāvaḥ.
     III A crazy person: v. C.-brained.
     IV A boaster: q. v.: vikatthin (m).

CRACK-BRAINED: hatajñānaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Mad, foolish.

CRACKER: a firework: *sphoṭakaḥ.

CRACKLE (v. i.): caṭacaṭāyate (nomi.), continuously c. ing sesamum, white mustard seed, etc.: nirantaracaṭacaṭāyitān tilasiddhārthakādīn, D.

CRACKLING (subs.):
     I A rattle: q. v.: caṭacaṭāyitam.
     II The rind of roast pork: śūlyaśūkaramāṃsasya tvak.

CRACKNEL: a kind of biscuit: *muḍamuḍī.

CRADLE (subs.):
     I Lit.: no equiv.: śiśūnāṃ dolā: v. Swing. Ph.: from one's c.: ā śaiśavāt: v. Childhood; an infant in the c.: kroḍasthaḥ or stanandhayaḥ śiśuḥ
     II Fig., abode: q. v.: āvāsaḥ.

CRADLE (v. t.): lālayati (c. of lal): v. To nurse.

CRAFT:
     I Art, occupation: q. v.: kalā, I learnt it as a c., but it is my livelihood now: kaleti śikṣitā jovikedānīṃ saṃvṛttā, Mr. ii.
     II Cunning, artifice: q. v.: kauśalam.
     III A small vessel:
     1 nauḥ;
     2 tarī.

CRAFTILY: caturam: v. Cunningly.

CRAFTINESS:
     1 vaidagdhyam;
     2 cāturyam: v. Cunning, artifice.

CRAFTSMAN: kāruḥ: v. Artisan, mechanic.

CRAFTY:
     1 vidagdhaḥ (f. gdhā);
     2 caturaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cunning.

CRAG:
     I Rock, cliff: q. v.: kūṭaḥ.
     II Neck: q. v.

CRAGGED, CRAGGY:
     I Rugged, rough: q. v.
     II Rocky: q. v.

CRAM (v. t.):
     I To fill to excess: c. med with houses: gṛhasaṃbādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), V. p.; the forest was c. med with the attendants of Śiva: vanaṃ gaṇairavicchedaniruddham, K.; c. ming the belly with sweetmeats: modakaiḥ kukṣiṃ pūrayitvā, Mal.: v. To fill, stuff.
     II Of special instruction: *viśeṣaśikṣāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (?), c. mer *viśeṣaśikṣādātṛ (m.).

CRAM (v. i.): *viśeṣaśikṣāṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (?).

CRAMP (subs.): A restriction: q. v.
     II C. -iron: vakralauhaḥ (?).
     III Spasm: q. v.

CRAMP (v.):
     I To check: q. v.
     II To fasten: q. v.
     III To afflict with c.: saṃkocati (kuc, c. l.) (?). C. ed: v. Crooked.

CRANE:
     I The bird:
     1 sārasaḥ (the Indian c.);
     2 karkareṭuḥ (the Numidian c.).
     II A Machine for hoisting: *uttolanayantram.

CRANK:
     I An iron elbow: vakrabhāgaḥ (?).
     II Bend, turning: q. v.

CRANNIED: chidrapūrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ).

CRANNY: chidram.

CRAPE: vastraviśeṣaḥ.

CRAPULENCE: mahātaṅkaḥ (?); atipānajanitā vamanecchā.

CRAPULENT, CRAPULOUS: bhadavihvalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=drunk: q. v.).

CRASH (subs.): mahāśabdaḥ: v. Sound, noise.

CRASH (v. t.): cūrṇayati (cūrṇa, c. 10.): v. To break, crush.

CRASH (v. i.): mahāśabdena bhajyate (pass. of bhañj): v. To clatter.

CRASIS: in grammar: *saṃyogaḥ.

CRASS: v. Gross, thick.

CRATE: v. Basket.

CRATER: of a volcano: mukham (?).

CRAUNCH: dantaiḥ niṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.), B.: v. To crush, chew.

CRAVAT: v. Neckcloth.

CRAVE:
     I To beg, implore: q. v.
     II To long for: q. v.

CRAVEN: kāpuruṣaḥ: v. Coward.

CRAVING (subs.): lālasā: v. Longing.

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CRAW: v. Crop. (II).

CRAWFISH, CRAYFISH: ciṅgeṭaḥ (?); matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

CRAWL (v.):
     I Of men:
     1 riṅgati (riṅg, c. l.), they then used to c. about in the cowpen: riṅgitau tau tadā vraje, V. p.;
     2 jānubhyāṃ raṃhati (raṃh, c. l.), S.;
     3 jānubhyāṃ karābhyāṃ ca bhuvaṃ saṃghṛṣya sañcarati (car, c. l.), V. p. com.
     II Of animals: sarpati pra-, (sṛp, c. l.). C. up to: upasarpati.

CRAWL,-ING (subs.):
     1 riṅganam (of boys etc.);
     2 sarpaṇam (of reptiles).

CRAWLER: i. e. a crawling animal: sarīsṛpaḥ.

CRAYON: vartikā (=pencil); kaṭhinī (=chalk.)

CRAZE (v.):
     I To crush, grind: q. v.
     II To confuse: q. v.

CRAZED, CRAZY:
     I Decrepit, feeble: q. v.
     II Mad: q. v.: kṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

CRAZINESS:
     I Feebleness: q. v.
     II Madness: q. v.: kṣiptatā.

CREAK (v.): kaḍakaḍāyate (nomi.) (?); virauti (ru, c. 2.).

CREAK, -ING (subs.): kaḍakaḍāyitam (?); virāvaḥ.

CREAM:
     I Lit.: saraḥ (?).
     II Fig: sāraḥ: v. Essence.

CREAM-COLOURED: i. e. light yellow: āpītaḥ (tā taṃ).

CREASE (subs.):
     1 maṅgiḥ;
     2 ūrmo.

CREASE (v.): bhaṅgiṃ karoti (?): v. To fold, wrinkle.

CREATE:
     I To call into being: sṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.), c. d water first: apa eva sasarjādau, M. i. 8.; to c. pain: vyathāṃ sṛjati, N. iv. II.: v. To cause.
     II To conceive by the mind:
     1 sṛjati, by whom this story is c. d: yeneyaṃ kathā sṛṣṭā, K.;
     2 nir-mimīte (, c. 3.), poet's c. -ion: kavernirmitiḥ, Kav.
     III To make, appoint: q. v.: karoti. Tungabala was c. d. a governor: tuṅgabalo bhogapatiḥ kṛtaḥ, H.

CREATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 sṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 sargaḥ, the sole cause of the c. continuation and destruction of the world: viśvasya sargasthitipralayānāmekaṃ kāraṇam;
     3 sṛjanam.
     II Fig., as of a poet:
     1 sṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 nirmāṇam or nirmitiḥ.
     III A thing created: sṛṣṭiḥ, as if the first c. of God as regards women: yuvativiṣaye sṛṣṭirādye va dhātuḥ, Me. ii. 21.
     IV Appointment: q. v.

CREATIVE: Ph.: c. power: sṛjanaśaktiḥ; nirmāṇaśaktiḥ.

CREATOR:
     I Lit.: sraṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī);
     2 sṛj. in comp., c. of the world: viśvasṛj (mfn.), R.
     II The Supreme Being:
     1 vidhātṛ (m.);
     2 viśvasṛj viśvakṛt, and sim. comp. s
     III Maker, originator: q. v.:
     1 kartṛ (f. rtrī);
     2 vidhātṛ (f. trī).

CREATURE;
     I A created being: sṛṣṭapadārthaḥ. Living c.: prāṇin (m.).: v. Animal.
     II A term of contempt: jantuḥ.
     III A term of endearment: jātaḥ (tā taṃ), D.
     IV A tool, dependant: q. v.: āśritaḥ (tā taṃ). Ph.: being my c.: matto labdhodayaḥ (yā yaṃ), M. n.

CREDENCE: viśvāsaḥ: v. Belief. To give c. to: viśvāsaṃ karoti: v. To believe.

CREDENTIALS: *viśvāsotpādikā; śraddhājananapatram.

CREDIBILITY:
     1 viśvāsyatā. from the c. of the great sage: viśvāsyatayā maharṣeḥ, Ki. iii. 34.;
     2 viśvasanīyatā;
     3 viśvāsayogyatā;
     4 śraddheyatā.

CREDIBLE:
     1 viśvāsyaḥ (syā syaṃ);
     2 viśvasanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 viśvāsayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ);
     4 śraddheyaḥ (yā yaṃ), this is not c.: aśraddheyametat, Sa. v.

CREDIT (subs.):
     I Belief: q. v.: viśvāsaḥ.
     II Esteem, reputation: q. v.: pratiṣṭhā. Ph.: it reflects c. on you: etatte dākṣyaṃ darśayati or tvāṃ pratiṣṭhāpayati (?).
     III Authority: prāmāṇyam.
     IV In a commercial sense: *viśvāsaḥ, to sell on c.: *viśvāsena vikrīṇīte. Ph.: c. side (of an account) *prāptadhanabhāgaḥ.

CREDIT (v.):
     I To believe: q. v.
     II To enter upon the c. side: *prāptadhanabhāge likhati.

CREDITABLE: ślādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ): v. Honourable. Ph.: c. to you: tava gauravakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

CREDITABLY: v. Honourably, well.

CREDITOR:
     1 uttamarṇaḥ;
     2 ṛṇadātṛ (m.).

CREDULITY:
     1 viśvāsaśīlatā;
     2 viśrambhapravaṇatā;
     3 śraddhālutā.

CREDULOUS:
     1 viśvāsaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 viśrambhapravaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 śraddhālu (mfn.)

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CREDULOUSLY: expr. by adj. or by ins. of subs.

CREED: dharmaḥ.

CREEK:
     1 vaṅkaḥ;
     2 khātam (?).

CREEP:
     I To crawl: q. v.
     II To move slowly: mandaṃ mandaṃ sarpati (sṛp, c. l.).
     III Of plants:
     1 visarpati;
     2 carati (car, c. l.), c. ing on the ground: bhūcaraḥ, Nil.
     IV To fawn: q. v. Ph.: to c. into the mind: manasi āvirbhavati.

CREEPER:
     1 latā (gen. term.);
     2 vīrudh (f.);
     3 vallī;
     4 vratatī or ti (f).

CREMATION:
     1 dāhaḥ;
     2 dahanam;
     3 (fully) śavadāhaḥ.

CREPUSCLE, CREPUSCULAR: v. Twilight.

CRESCENT (adj.):
     1 vardhiṣṇu (mfn.);
     2 vardhamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

CRESCENT (subs.):
     I Of the moon:
     1 ardhacandraḥ (=half moon);
     2 vardhamānā cāndramasī lekhā, Ku. or sim. śaśāṅkalekhā, and sim. comp. s.
     II The Turkish flag: ardhacandraketanam.
     III The Turkish power: ardhacandraketanāsturaskāḥ (m. pl.).
     IV Anything c. -shaped: ardhacandraḥ.

CRESCENTIC, CRESCENT-SHAPED: ardhacandrākāraḥ (rā raṃ). and sim. comp. s.

CRESS: śākaprabhedaḥ.

CRESSET: ākāśadīpaḥ.

CREST:
     I Of animals:
     1 cūḍā;
     2 śikhā.
     II Of a helmet:
     1 śikhā;
     2 cūḍā;
     3 śekharaḥ.
     III Of a mountain:
     1 cūḍā;
     2 śikharaḥ: v. Summit.

CRESTED;
     1 śikhin (f. );
     2 śikhādharaḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 cūḍāvat (f. ).

CREST-FALLEN:
     1 bhagnacūḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ);
     2 hataujas (mfn.).

CRETIN: gaḍukaṇṭhaḥ (ṇṭhā ṇṭhaṃ).

CREVICE: chidram, c. of a rock: grāvacchidram, D. ii.

CREW:
     I A throng: q. v.: gaṇaḥ.
     II A ship's c.:
     1 nāvikāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 potavāhāḥ (m. pl.).

CRIB:
     I A manger: q. v.: droṇī.
     II A stall for cattle: goṣṭham: v. Cow-house.
     III A child's bed: śiśuśayyā: v. Bed.
     IV A hut: q. v.: kuṭīraḥ.

CRIBBLE: cālanī: v. Sieve.

CRICK: a kind of sprain: v. Sprain, strain.

CRICKET:
     I The insect:
     1 bhillī, chirping of the c.: bhillībhkaṅkāraḥ, A. r.
     2 bhṛṅgārī;
     3 cīrī.
     II The game: *kandukanodanakrīḍā. N. B. kandukakrīḍā is a quite dif. game.

CRIER:
     1 dhoṣakaḥ;
     2 udghoṣakaḥ;
     3 ghoṣaṇākāraḥ -kaḥ.

CRIME:
     1 pāpam (=offence=sin.), to commit a c. deliberately: kāmataḥ pāpaṃ karoti, M.; c. s cannot be checked without punishment: daṇḍādṛte pāpavinigrahaḥ kartu na śakyaḥ, M.;
     2 aparādhaḥ: v. Offence;
     3 doṣaḥ: v. Fault;
     4 sāhasam (=daring c.), M.

CRIMINAL:
     I Of men:
     1 aparādhin (f. );
     2 pātakit (f. ): v. Guilty.
     II Of acts:
     1 sāparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 sapāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     3  by comp., c. act: pāpakriyā, K. b. Ph.: c. law: *aparādhavidhiḥ; "c. conversation": parasya patnyā rahaḥ sammāṣā, M.

CRIMINALITY: sāparādhatā: v. Guiltiness, wickedness.

CRIMINALLY:
     I Wickedly: sāparādham.
     II According to criminal law: *aparādhavidhyanusāreṇa. Ph.: to proceed c.: daṇḍanāyakaṃ nivedayati (c. of vid) (?).

CRIMINATE:
     I To accuse: q. v.: abhiyunakti (yuj, c. 7.).
     II To implicate: q. v.

CRIMINATION: abhiyogaḥ: v. Accusation.

CRIMINATORY:
     1 apavādagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ);
     2 abhiyogaliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

CRIMP (adj.):
     I Brittle: q. v.
     II Inconsistent: q. v.

CRIMP (v.):
     I To decoy: q. v.
     II To curl: q. v.

CRIMP (subs.): pratārakaḥ (?).

CRIMPLE: v. To contract; to curl.

CRIMSON: śoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ): v. Red.

CRINGE: Ph.: who is always c. ing: yo'harniśamuparacitāñjaliḥ stauti, K.; c. before Lakshmaṇa: saumitreścaraṇau bhaja, Vi. C. ing: āpādapadmapraṇataḥ (tā taṃ), R.: v. To Bend, bow.

CRINGINGLY: pādayoḥ patitvā; añjaliṃ baddhā; etc.

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CRINOLINE: i. c. a lady's skirt expanded: *sarī.

CRIPPLE (subs. or adj.): paṅgu (mfn.) (=lame: q. v.);
     2 vikalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=wanting any limb), carrying the c. on his shoulders: taṃ vikalaṃ skandhenoduhya, D. vi.;
     3 vikalāṅgaḥ (f. ṅgī) (= vikala).

CRIPPLE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: vikalīkaroti, who has c. d my husband: yena me patirvikalīkṛtaḥ, D.: v. To lame, disable.
     II To impair, weaken: q. v.

CRIPPLING: i. e. a spar for support: upastabhmaḥ (?).

CRISIS: saṅkaṭam, c. of an affair: kāryasaṅkaṭakam, K. Ph.: at this c.: tasmin kṣaṇe or atrāntare, K.

CRISP, CRISPY (adj.): bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Curly, brittle.

CRISP (v.): To curl; to interweave. "C. ed (brook)" taraṅgitaḥ (tā taṃ).

CRISPNESS: maṅguratā.

CRISS-CROSS-ROW:
     1 mātṛkā;
     2 siddhiphalā: v. Alphabet.

CRITERION: lakṣaṇam: v. Sign, mark.

CRITIC:
     I One who criticizes: guṇadoṣavicārakaḥ. (?).
     II One skilled in criticism: guṇadoṣakovidaḥ; guṇadoṣavicārapaṇḍitaḥ; etc.
     III A carper: doṣaikadṛś (mfn.).

CRITICAL:
     I Relating to criticism: expr. by comp., c. dissertation: guṇadoṣavicāraprabandha.:
     II Possessing skill to criticize: guṇadopavicārakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), and sim. comp. s (?). C. power: guṇadoṣavicāraśaktiḥ (?).
     III Captious, fastidious: q. v.
     IV Belonging to a crisis: Ph: c. position: saṅkaṭam; whose intellect does not fail in c. circumstances: kāryasaṅkaṭeṣvaviṣaṇṇadhīḥ, K.; c. philosophy: *kaṇṭhadarśanam.

CRITICALLY:
     I In a critical manner: guṇadoṣān vicārya; sūkṣmam (=minutely, carefully).
     II At a crisis: saṅkaṭe.

CRITICISE, CRITICIZE:
     I To examine as a critic: guṇadoṣān vicārayati (car, c. 10.)
     II To pass criticism on: samālocayati (loc, c. 10.) (?).
     III To censure: q. v.

CRITICISM:
     I The art: guṇadoṣavicāraḥ (?).
     II. Review: *samālocanam; guṇāguṇavādaḥ.
     III Censure: q. v.

CRITIQUE: guṇadoṣavicāraprabandhaḥ (?), and sim. comp. s.

CROAK (v.):
     I As frogs or crows:
     1 raṭati (raṭ, c. l.), the crow is much c. ing gratingly: kākaḥ kaṭūccaiḥ khalu rāraṭīti, Ch.;
     2 makamakāyate (nomi.) (of frogs), J.;
     3 śabdaṃ karoti (=to make any sound), when I will c.: yadāhaṃ śabdaṃ karomi, H.: v. To cry.
     II To grumble : makamakāyate (?).

CROAK, -ING (subs.):
     I Lit.: bhekanādaḥ (of frog.);
     2 kākaśabdaḥ (of crows): v. Cry.
     II. Fig.: makamakāyitam (?): v. Complaint.

CROAKER: i. e. grumbler: q. v.

CROCK:
     I A pot: q. v.: "c. of gold": hiraṇmayapātram.
     II Soot: q. v.

CROCKERY: mṛnmayapātrāṇi (n. pl.): v. Earthernware.

CROCODILE:
     1 kumbhīraḥ;
     2 nakraḥ. Ph.: "c. tears": kṛtrimāśrūṇi (n. pl.).

CROCUS: kuṅkumalatā (a species of c.).

CROFT: vṛtiḥ: v. Enclosure.

CRONE:
     1 vṛddhā;
     2 jaratī.

CRONY: suhṛd: v. Friend.

CROOK (subs.):
     I A bend or turn: q. v.
     II A shepherd's staff: daṇḍaḥ Ph.: by hook or by c.: yena kena prakāreṇa.

CROOK (v.): vakrīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8): v. To bend.

CROOK-BACK:
     1 kubja (f. bjā);
     2 nyubja (f. bjā);
     3 gaḍuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 vakra (f. krā), V. p.

CROOKED (adj.):
     I Not straight:
     1 vakra (f. krā);
     2 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 vakrimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     4 arālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     5 jihya vi-, (f. hmā);
     6 vṛjinaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II In moral sense:
     1 vakra (f. krā) (rare), c. nature vakrabhāvaḥ, N.;
     2 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ), c. minded kuṭilamati (mfn.), Mu.;
     3 jihma (f. hmā), yet than c. (man.): tathāpi jihmaḥ saḥ, Ki.;
     4 anṛju (mfn.).

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CROOKEDLY:
     1 vakram;
     2 kuṭilam;
     3 jihmam: v. Awry.

CROOKEDNESS:
     1 vakratā;
     2 vakriman (m.);
     3 kauṭilyam;
     4 vijihmatā;
     5 kuṭilatā;
     6 jaihmyam;
     7 anṛjutā.

CROP (subs.):
     I The produce of fields:
     1 śasyam, yielding all c. s: sarvaśasyapradaḥ (dā daṃ), Nil.; devastation of c. s: śasyaghātaḥ, D.;
     2 not expr. when any particular c. is meant, rice c.: dhānyam.
     II Of birds: kaṇṭham (=throat).

CROP (v.):
     I To cut short: kalpati (kḷp, c. 1).
     II To reap: q. v.: lunāti (lu, c. 9).
     III To nibble: q. v.

CROP OUT: āvirbhavati (bhū, c. l.). v. To appear.

CROP-EARED: chinnakarṇāgra (f. grā), and sim. comp. s.

CROSIER: *kruśadaṇḍa, or sim. daṇḍaḥ (when no ambiguity).

CROSS (adj.):
     I Transverse:
     1 vyatyastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 tiraścīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (=sideways).
     II Adverse, contrary: q. v.: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ). Ph.: oh! how c. is fate: aho vāmatā bhāgadheyānām. Vi.
     III Ill-tempered, peevish: q. v. pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ), don't get c. with your husband: bhartuḥ pratīpaṃ māsma gamaḥ, Sa. A c. charge: pratyabhi-yogaḥ, Y.

CROSS (v. t):
     I To pass over:
     1 tarati (tṛ, c. l.), c. ed the Ganges: gaṅgāṃ tatāra, R. xvi. 52.; I want to c. the ocean on a raft: uḍupena sāgaraṃ titīrṣurasmi, R.;
     2 laṅghate or laṅghayati viut-, (laṅgh, c. l. and 10.), c. ed the Vindhya: vindhyaṃ vyalaṅghayat, R. xvi. 32.
     II Of the mind, to occur to: q. v.
     III To thwart, obstruct: q. v.
     IV To mix breeds: perh. saṃmiśrayati (miśr, c. 10.). V. To conceal: q. v.
     VI To put across, expr. by circumlo., to c. arms.: ekasmin bhuje bhujāntaraṃ vinyasyati or vidadhāti.
     VII To draw line across: rekhayā aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.).

CROSS (v. i.): to c. over to Ceylon: samudramullaṅghyā siṃhalaṃ gacchati: v. To cross (I) and go.

CROSS (subs.):
     I An intrument: śūlam (= stake: q. v.); *kruśam.
     II The symbol: *kruśam; vyatyastarekhādvayam.
     III The gospel: q. v.
     IV Money: nāṇakam. V. Affliction, trouble: q. v.

CROSS-BILL: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *vyatyastapuṭaḥ.

CROSS-BOW: *vakracāpaḥ. C. -man: *vakracāpabhṛt (mfn.) or -dharaḥ (rī raṃ).

CROSS-BREED: khaccaraḥ (rī raṃ) (in modern dialects).

CROSS-EXAMINATION: *pratīpaparīkṣā; kūṭaparīkṣā (in modern Bengali).

CROSS-EXAMINE: *pratīpaṃ parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. l.); kūṭaparīkṣāṃ karoti (?).

CROSS-GRAINED: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Morose, perverse.

CROSSING:
     I Lit.: taraḥ -ṇam: v. Passage. Fare for c.:
     1 tārikam, M.;
     2 tāryam, M.
     II Where roads cross:
     1 catuṣpatham (of four roads);
     2 śṛṅgāṭakam (=1);
     3 tripatham (of three roads);
     4 taraḥ (very rare).

CROSS-LEGGED: vyatyastapādaḥ (dā daṃ), and sim. comp. s. Sitting c. (i. e. placing the feet on the thighs) vīrāsanasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ).

CROSS-QUESTION: v. To cross-examine.

CROSS-ROAD: i. e. an obscure road:
     1 utpathaḥ;
     2 unmārgaḥ.

CROSS-ROW: i. e. the alphabet: q. v.: mātṛkā, M. n.

CROSSWISE:
     1 vyatyastam (?);
     2 tiraścīnam: v. Sideways, athwart.

CROSSLY:
     I Peevishly: q. v.
     II Adversely: pratīpam.

CROTCHET:
     I A whim, fancy: q. v.
     II In music: *śṛṇiḥ.

CROTCHETY: i. e. full of whims: v. Whim, whimsical.

CROUCH:
     I To stoop low: q. v.: namayati (c. of nam).
     II To cringe: q. v.: pādayoḥ patati (pat, c. l.).

CROUP:
     I Of a horse, etc.: jaghanabhāgaḥ, K.
     II A disease: kāśarogaviśeṣaḥ.

CROW (subs.):
     I The bird:
     1 kākaḥ;
     2 vāyasaḥ. Carrion c.: dagdhakākaḥ (?).
     II A bar: lohadaṇḍaḥ.
     III Of the cock: ravaḥ: v. Cry. Ph.: at cock-c. pratyūṣe: v. Morning.

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CROW (v.):
     I Of the cock: rauti vi-, (ru c. 2.): v. To cry.
     II To boast: q. v. vikatthate (katth, c. l.).

CROWFOOT: a plant: *kākapādaḥ.

CROWD (subs.):
     I Of people:
     1 janasamūhaḥ, Mr.;
     2 janasaṃmardaḥ (=men pressed together without order), a great c.: mahān janasaṃmardaḥ, Mr. x.;
     3 saṅkulam (=janasaṃmardaḥ), D. iv.;
     4 janaughaḥ, and sim. comp. s
     II Populace: q. v.
     III Any c.: v. Throng, multitude.

CROWD (v. t.):
     I Lit.: Ph.: the place was very c. ed: tatra mahān janasaṃmarda āsīt; c. ed with cars and horses: rathāśvasaṅkulaḥ (lā laṃ), Ki. i. 16., a. c. ed house: janākīrṇaṃ gṛham (i. e. full of men), Sa.: the theatre is c. ed today: adya prekṣakapūrṇā raṅgaśālā (?).
     II To urge: q. v.

CROWD (v. i.): expr. as above: v. To flock.

CROWDER: v. Fiddler.

CROWN (subs.):
     I The ornament:
     1 kirīṭa (mn.);
     2 mukuṭam;
     3 mauliḥ
     II Fig., royal power: got the c. of Italy: itālirājyamavāpa; placed the c. on his son: tadātmasammavaṃ rājye samādadhuḥ, R. xvii. 8.
     III Fig., sovereign: q. v. Ph.: servant of the c.: rājasevakaḥ.
     IV Any garland: q. v.: mālā. V. Of the head: cūḍā.
     VI Summit: q. v.: cūḍā.
     VII A coin: iṃlaṇḍīyarūpyamudrāviśeṣaḥ.

CROWN (v. t.):
     I To invest with royal power:
     1 (rājye) abhisiñcati (sic c. 6) (according to the Hindu style), R.;
     2 rājye samādadhati (dhā, c. 3.), R.
     3 mauliṃ grāhayati (c. of grah) (?).
     II To adorn: q. v.: bhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.).
     III To consummate: q. v. Ph.: c. ing success siddheḥ parā koṭiḥ (?).

CROWN-JEWELS: rājaratnāni (n. pl.) (?).

CROWN-PRINCE: yuvarājaḥ.

CRUCIAL: perh. marmabhedin (f. ṇī): v. Severe, strict.

CRUCIBLE:
     1 sūṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ);
     2 āvartanī.

CRUCIFIX: *kruśāropitasya kṛṣṭasya pratimā.

CRUCIFIXION: *kruśāropaṇam.

CRUCIFORM: *kruśākāraḥ (rā raṃ).

CRUCIFY:
     I Lit.: *kruśam āropayati (c. of ruh)
     II Fig.: to c. the flesh: indriyāṇi jayati.

CRUDE: apakva (f. kvā) (lit. and fig.): v. Unripe, immature.

CRUDELY: v. Imperfectly.

CRUDENESS, CRUDITY: apakvatā: v. Unripeness, immaturity.

CRUEL:
     1 niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 kruraḥ (rā raṃ)
     3 nṛśaṃsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     4 niṣkaruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (=un- merciful: q. v.);
     5 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (=hard- hearted: q. v.).

CRUELLY:
     1 niṣṭhuram;
     2 kruddham;
     3 niṣkaruṇam v. Unmerciful.

CRUELTY: naiṣṭhuryam or niṣṭhuratā;
     2 krauryam or kruratā
     3 nṛśaṃsatā.

CRUET: *kūpakaḥ. C. -stand: *kūpakādhāraḥ.

CRUISE (subs.):
     I A jug: q. v.
     II of a ship: v. Voyage.

CRUISE (v. i.): (samudreṇa or potena) paribhramati (bhra c. l.) (?).

CRUISER: *paribhramaṇapotaḥ.

CRUMB:
     I A morsel: q. v.
     II The soft part of bread: madhyamāgaḥ or komalabhāgaḥ (?). Ph. : to a c.: niravaśeṣam.

CRUMBLE (v. t.): cūrṇayati (cūrṇ, c. 10.): v. To bruise. To be c. d into dust: dhalīmavati.

CRUMBLE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: cūrṇīmavati.
     II Fig. : vinaśyati (naś, c. 4.): v. To perish.

CRUMP:
     I Crooked: q. v.: kubjaḥ (f. -bjā).
     II. Hard: q. v.

CRUMPLE: v. To rumple, wrinkle.

CRUPPER: pucchabandhaḥ, Williams.

CRUSADE: *kruśedam; kṛṣṭīyānāṃ puṇyabhūmilābhāya mahammadīyān pratyabhiyogaḥ.

CRUSH (v. t.);
     1 mṛdrāti or mardayati -te ā- pari-, vi- saṃ-, (mṛd, c. 9. or 10.), c. ed the forces of his enemies: pareṣāṃ balānyamṛdrāt, R.;
     2 dalati or dalayati (dal, c. l. and 10.), c. ing forts dalayandurgāṇi, K.;
     3 mathnāti pra-, (manth, c. 9.), shall I not c. the hundred Kauravas: mathnāmi kauravaśataṃ na, Ve.: v. To grind, overwhelm, put down.

CRUSH, CRUSHING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 mardanam vi-;
     2 dalanam.
     II Of a crowd: janasaṃmardaḥ, Mr.

CRUSHING (adj.): pramāthin (f. ), of c. calamities: pramāthinīnāṃ vipadām, Ki. iii. 34.

CRUSH (v.):
     I Trans.: v. To encrush.
     II Intrans: upari saṃhanti (han, c. 2.) (?).

CRUST (subs.): kaṭhinabhāgaḥ.

CRUSTACEAN, CRUSTACEOUS: *varmadharaḥ (rī raṃ).

CRUSTILY: v. Peevishly, angrily.

CRUSTINESS:
     I Hardness: q. v.
     II Peevishness: q. v.

CRUSTY:
     I Hard: q. v.: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Peevish, surly: q. v.

CRUTCH: yaṣṭiḥ, leaning on a c.: yaṣṭyāvalambitaḥ, Ki.: v. Stick.

CRY (subs.):
     I Of lower animals: ravaḥ or virāvaḥ, very loud cries were also uttered by the elephants: mukto virāvaḥ sumahān kuñjarairapi, Mah.: v. Noise, sound.
     II Clamour: utkrośaḥ or ākrośaḥ, by the c. s of the disputants: vivadamānānāṃ prajānāmākrośaiḥ, D.: v. Noise.
     III Of distress:
     1 ārtanādaḥ ārtaravaḥ, and sim. comp. s, by the piteous cries of the attendants: parijanānāṃ karuṇasvanena, M. n.;
     2 krandanam or ākranditam or ākrandaḥ (=loud c. of grief);
     3 ruditam: v. Weeping.
     IV Of crier: perh. ākrośaḥ: v. Proclamation.

CRY (v. t.):
     I To utter: q. v.
     II To proclaim: q. v.

CRY (v. i.):
     I To c. out: q. v.
     II To weep:
     1 krandati or krandayati ā-, (krand, c. l. and 10.), cried aloud: muktakaṇṭhaṃ cakranda, R. xiv. 68;
     2 roditi pra-, (rud, c. 2.), cried aloud: uccairarodīt, K.; krośati vi- ā-, (kruś, c. l.) (rare), B. iii. 22.
     III To utter sounds:
     1 rauti vi-, (ru, c. 2.), this vulture is c. ing not once: naikaśaḥ śakunirayaṃ virauti, Mr.;
     2 vāśati or vāśyate (vāś, c. l. and 4.), this crow is c. ing gratingly: rukṣasvaraṃ vāśati vāyaso'yam, Mr.: v. Noise, to make.

CRY DOWN: ava-krośati upa- apa-: v. To detract, censure.

CRY OUT:
     1 krośati ā vi- ut, C.: ākrośa vikrośa lapādhicaṇḍam, Mr.;
     2 śabdāyate (=to call out). To c. for protection: śaraṇaṃ krandati, V. i.

CRY UP: v. To extol.

CRYING (adj.): v. Notorious, heinous.

CRYSTAL:
     I Subs.: sphaṭikaḥ.
     II Adj.:
     1 sphaṭika-, c. palace: sphaṭikaharmyam, Ku. vi. 42.; sphaṭikābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) (=like c.): v. Transparent.

CRYSTALLINE: v. Crystal (II).

CRYSTALLIZATION: *sphāṭikībhāvaḥ.

CRYSTALLIZE:
     I Trans.: *sphāṭikīkaroti.
     II Intrans: *sphāṭikībhavati (bhū, c. l.).

CUB (subs.): śāvaḥ -kaḥ: v. Young (subs.).

CUB (v.): sate (, c. 2.): v. To bring forth.

CUBE (subs.):
     I In arith.: ghanaḥ, c. root: ghanamūlam, Li.
     II In geo.: samakoṇasamacaturbhujaghanakṣetram, K. d.

CUBIC, CUBICAL: expr. by comp., c. hand: ghanahastaḥ, Li.; c. equation *ghanasamīkaraṇam.

CUBIT:
     1 hastaḥ, five c. s in length: pañcahastadīrgha (f. rghā);
     2 kiṣkuḥ, D.

CUCKOLD: expe. by circumlo, he is a c.: tasya bhāryā puṃścalī or bandhakī.

CUCKOO:
     1 kokilaḥ;
     2 pikaḥ;
     3 parabhṛtaḥ.

CUCUMBER:
     I The plant: trapuṣī.
     II fruit: trapuṣam.

CUD:
     I Lit.: paśuviśeṣaiḥ punaścarvaṇāya mukhanītaṃ bhuktam. Ph.: to chew the c.: romanthamabhyasyati, Sa. ii.; chewing the c.: romanthaḥ.
     II Where it is chewed: perh. romanthabhāgaḥ.

CUDGEL (subs.):
     1 laguḍaḥ;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ;
     3 daṇḍaḥ.

CUDGEL (v.): laguḍena or yaṣṭyā praharati (hṛ, c. l.) or tāḍayati (taḍ, c. l.) or āhanti (han, c. 2.).

CUDGELLING (subs.):
     1 yaṣṭyāghātaḥ;
     2 laguḍaprahāraḥ, giving (them) a very good c.: laguḍaprahārairjarjarīkṛtya, P. i. 22.

CUE:
     I The end of a thing: antaḥ: v. End.
     II A hint: q. v.: saṃjñā, to give a c.: saṃjñāṃ dadāti, Mr.
     III Humour, disposition: q. v.
     IV For billiards: *dīrghadaṇḍaḥ or daṇḍaḥ.

CUFF (v. t.): karatalena or talena or capeṭena tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.), āhanti (han, c. 2.), or praharati (hṛ, c. l.), c. ed him on the breast: talenorasyatāḍayat, V. p.

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CUFF (subs.):
     I A blow, slap: q. v.: talaprahāraḥ. Ph.: to be at fisti -c. s: muṣṭīmuṣṭi yudhyate.
     II Of a sleeve: *kapham.

CUIRASS:
     1 kavaca (mn.);
     2 varman (n.);
     3 vāravāṇaḥ;
     4 kaṅkaṭaḥ -kaḥ;
     5 tanutram;
     6 uraśchadaḥ;
     7 daṃśanam (rare).

CUIRASSLER:
     1 kavacin (f. );
     2 varmitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vyūḍhakaṅkaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ), and sim. comp. s.

CULINARY: pāka- in comp., c. utensil: pākapātram; the c. art: pākakalā.

CULL: āharati (hṛ, c. l.): v. To pluck, gather.

CULM: stambaḥ: v. Stalk

CULMINATE:
     I Lit.: the sun has c. d: madhyamalaṅkaroti bhānuḥ, K.
     II Fig.: parāṃ koṭima adhigacchati (gam, c. l.), K.

CULMINATING (adj.): Ph.: c. point: parā koṭiḥ; parā kāṣṭhā.

CULPABILITY:
     1 sadoṣatā;
     2 sāparādhatā;
     3 nindārhatā (=blamableness).

CULPABLE:
     1 sadoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     2 sāparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     3 nindārha (f. rhā) (=blamable: q. v.). C. homicide: jñānakṛtā nṛhatyā (?).

CULPRIT:
     I An accused person: abhiyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II A criminal: q.v.

CULTIVATE:
     I To till:
     1 kṣetraṃ karoti, to have land c. d: kṣetraṃ kārayati, Y.;
     2 karṣati (kṛṣ, c. l.) (=to plough).
     II To devote, to foster:
     1 śīlayati anu-, (śīl, c. 10.), sages c. good conduct: śīlayanti munayaḥ suśīlatām, Ki.;
     2 u pacinoti pra-, (ci, c. 5.), c. friendship: pracinu maitrīm, Vi. iii.;
     3 sevate ni-, (sev, c. l.): v. To devote.
     III To civilize: q. v.

CULTIVATION:
     I Tillage:
     1 karṣaṇam;
     2 kṛṣṭiḥ (rare).
     II Fostering care: anuśīlanam.
     III Culture: q. v.

CULTIVATOR: kṣetrikaḥ: v. Husbandman.

CULTURE:
     I v. Cultivation.
     II Refinement: q. v.: śikṣā.

CULVERT: *āvṛtanālī.

CUMBER: v. To encumber, embarrass.

CUMBERSOME, CUMBROUS:
     I Burdensome: q. v.:
     1 bhārin (f. ṇī);
     2 durmaraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Vexatious: q. v.

CUMBRANCE: v. Encumbrance.

CUMBROUSNESS: bhāritā: v. Cumbrous.

CUMMIN:
     1 jīraḥ;
     2 jīrakaḥ.

CUMULATIVE:
     1 upacayin (f. ) (?);
     2 nicayin (f. ) (?).

CUNEIFORM: kīlākāraḥ (rā raṃ). "C. scholar" *kaulavarṇavid (mfn.).

CUNNING (adj.):
     I Skilful: q. v.
     II Artful:
     1 caturaḥ (rā raṃ) (best equiv.);
     2 vidagdha (f. gdhā);
     3 chalanāparaḥ (rā raṃ) (=wily).

CUNNING (subs.):
     I Skill, dexterity: q. v.
     II Art, deceit:
     1 cāturyam;
     2 cāturī;
     3 vaidagdhyam;
     4 chalam (=stratagem).

CUNNINGLY:
     1 cāturyeṇa;
     2 chalena.

CUP (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pānapātram;
     2 pānabhājanam;
     3 caṣaka (mn.).
     II Drinking: q. v.: "fond of the c." pānapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     III Lot, portion: q. v. Ph. "to taste of the sorrow's c." duḥkhaṃ rasayati.
     IV A flower -c.: puṣpakoṣaḥ. A c. made of leaves: patrapuṭaḥ, R.

CUP (v.): raktaṃ srāvayati (c. of sru) or mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.).

CUP-BEARER: pānapātravāhin (m.) (?); caṣakavāhakaḥ (?).

CUPBOARD: annakoṣṭhaḥ (?).

CUPID:
     1 kāmaḥ;
     2 kandarpaḥ;
     3 madanaḥ;
     4 manmathaḥ.

CUPIDITY:
     I Covetousness: q. v.: lomaḥ.
     II Lust: q. v.

CUPOLA: toraṇaśīrṣam or toraṇaśṛṅgam (?).

CUPPING-GLASS: śarārīmukham (a kind of c.), Sr.

CUR: śunakaḥ: v. Dog.

CURABLE:
     1 cikitsya (f. syā);
     2 sādhya (f. dhyā), easily c.: sukhasāvya (f. dhyā) Sr.;
     3 pratīkārya (f. ryā).

CURACY: *ācāryakapadam.

CURATE: *ācāryakaḥ.

CURATIVE:
     1 rogaghna (f. ghnī);
     2 rogaharaḥ (rī raṃ).

CURATOR: adhyakṣaḥ (?).

CURB (subs.):
     I For a horse: aśvamukhaśṛjhalā (?): v. Bit.
     II Fig.: v. Check, restraint.

CURB (v.): niyantrayati (yantr, c. 10.), whose mouth is not c. ed: aniyantritamukhaḥ, D.: v. To restrain.

CURB-STONE: nirodhopalaḥ, and sim. comp. s (?).

CURD: dadhi (n.), skim of c. s: dadhnaḥ saraḥ, Sr.

CURDLE (v.):
     I Trans: ghanīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II Intrans: ghanībhavati (bhū, c. l.).

CURE (subs.):
     I Curacy: q. v.
     II Of diseases:
     1 śāntiḥ;
     2 upaśamaḥ;
     3 siddhiḥ;
     4 pratīkāraḥ: v. Treatment (II).

CURE (v. t.):
     I Of diseases:
     1 cikitsati (kit, c. l.) (gen. to treat), not a sick man returned without his disease c. d: nācikitsitagadena rogiṇā pratyagāmi. Si. xiv. 49.;
     2 śamayati pra- upa-, (c. of śam), for c. ing diseases: rogopaśamārtham, Sr.;
     3 sādhayati (c. of sidh) (such), ulcers get c. d with difficulty: vraṇāḥ kṛcchreṇa sidhyanti, Sr.;
     4 pratikraroti, Sr.
     II Of persons:
     1 by the above verbs with the gen. of the person c. d, I will c. the child: bālasya rogaṃ sādhayāmi;
     2 susthaṃ (f. sthāṃ), nīrogaṃ (f. gāṃ) karoti with abl. of the disease.
     III To preserve: lavaṇayati (nomi.) (?).

CURFEW-BELL: pradoṣadhaṇṭā, and sim. comp. s.

CURIOSITY:
     I Inquisitiveness:
     1 kutūhalam or kautūhalam, satisfy your c.: pūrayatu kutūhalam, U. iv.; excited his excessive c.: atulaṃ vidadhe kutūhalam, N. ii. 7.; from c.: kutūhalavaśāt, K.;
     2 kautukam, since seeing you I have very great c. about it.: atimahat khalu bhavaddarśanāt prabhṛti me kautukamasmin viṣaye, K. (note the loc.);
     3 didṛkṣā (c. to see), my heart filled with c.: didṛkṣākrāntahṛdayaḥ, D.;
     4 śuśrūṣā or śrotumicchā (c. to hear), Ki.
     II An object of c.: kutūhalam or kautūhalam or kautukam (rare), by telling about many c. s seen by travel: paryaṭanadṛṣṭānekakautūhalaprakathanena. P. iii. 2.;
     2 apūrvavastu (n.) or apūrvadṛśyam.

CURIOUS:
     I Inquisitive:
     1 kutūhalin (f. ), c. to see: darśanakutūhalin (f. ) K.;
     2 kutṛhalākrāntamanas (mfn.);
     3 kautukāviṣṭacetas (mfn.);
     4 didṛkṣu (mfn.) (=c. to see);
     5 śuśrūṣu (mfn.) (=c. to hear) (rare);
     6 jijhāsu (mfn.) (=c. to know).
     II Singular, wonderful:
     1 kutūhalaḥ (lā laṃ) (rare);
     2 apūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ).
     III Nice, scrupulous: q. v.
     IV Careful, studious: q. v.

CURIOUSLY:
     I Inquisitively: sakautukam.
     II Carefully: q. v.
     III Wonderfully: q. v.

CURL (subs.):
     I Of hair:
     1 alakaḥ;
     2 cūrṇakuntalaḥ.
     II Any undulation: bhaṅgiḥ.

CURL (v. t.):
     I To crisp: bhaṅgurīkaroti (?): v. Curly.
     II To coil: q. v.: maṇḍalīkaroti, c. ing up the trunk: maṇḍalitahastakāṇḍaḥ, D.
     III To ripple: q. v.

CURL (v. i.): expr. by adj.: v. Curled.

CURLED, CURLY:
     1 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ), Mah.;
     2 bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ), D. vi.;
     3 arālaḥ (lā laṃ), c. haired: arālakeśaḥ (śī śaṃ), N. xiii. 40.;
     4 kuñcitaḥ (tā taṃ), c. -haired: kuñcitakeśaḥ (śī śaṃ), H. s.

CURLEW: a. bird: krauñcaḥ (?).

CURLINESS:
     1 kuṭilatā;
     2 bhaṅguratā;
     3 arālatā.

CURLING-IRON: *alakalauham.

CURMUDGEON: v. Miser.

CURRANT:
     I The tree: *karaṇṭaḥ.
     II Its fruit: karaṇṭam or karaṇṭaphalam.
     III A kind of dried grape: perh. śuṣkadrākṣā.

CURRENCY:
     I Circulation: q. v. Ph.: to gain c. (i. e. to be current) pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati.
     II Estimation: q. v.
     III The current coin: pracalita mudrā (?), we have a paper c. here: *atra kāgajamudrā pracalitā.

CURRENT (adj.):
     1 pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 pracalaḥ (lā laṃ). Ph.: c. year: vartamānavatsaraḥ; c. report: janapravādaḥ.

CURRENT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 srotas (n.) (of water), against the c.: pratisrotas;
     2 pravāhaḥ, c. of electricity: *vidyu tpravāhaḥ;
     3 rayaḥ or vegaḥ (speed) (when the sense is clear), the c. of river is its cause: nadīvegastatra kāraṇam, Sa.
     II Fig.: c. of time: kālagatiḥ (?); the c. of opinion is in your favour: *tavānukūlaṃ sādhāraṇānāṃ matam.

CURRENTLY: v. Generally, commonly.

CURRICLE: rathaḥ (?): v. Chariot.

CURRIER: *carmaśodhakaḥ.

CURRISH:
     I Churlish, quarrelsome: q. v.
     II Brutal: q. v.

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CURRY (subs.): vyañjanam (applied to all c. s), N. xvi.

CURRY (v. t.):
     I To dress leather: śodhayati (c. of śudh) (?).
     II To beat, drub: q. v. Ph.: to c. a horse: aśvadehaṃ mārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 2.); to c. favour with the people: lokānārādhayati, U. i.

CURRY-COMB: *aśvadehamārjanī.

CURSE (v.) śapati -te abhi-, (śap, c. l.), c. d him "become a moral": tamaśapat ehi martyatvamiti, D. iii.; Krishna gave no reply when the Chedi king was c. ing: prativācamadatta keśavaḥ śapamānāya nacedi bhūbhuje, Si. xvi. 25. Ph.: I will c. and reduce your father to ashes: śāpaṃ dattvā pitaraṃ te bhasmasāt kariṣyāmi, P. i. 5.

CURSE (subs.):
     I Lit.: śāpaḥ abhiśāpaḥ.
     II Bane, pest: q. v.: c. of the nation: kulāṅgāraḥ.

CURSED (adj.): expr. by -hata or -hataka affixed or dagdha prefixed, c. son of Madri: mādrīsutahatakaḥ, Ve.: v. Accursed.

CURSORILY: kṣipram: v. Hastily, slightly, summarily.

CURSORY: kṣipraḥ (prā praṃ): v. Superficial, slight, hasty.

CURST (adj.): saṃkṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ): v. Peevish, malignant.

CURT (adj.): saṃkṣiptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ): v. Brief, concise.

CURTNESS: saṃkṣepaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Conciseness.

CURTAIL (v.): To diminish, shorten.

CURTAIN:
     1 tiraskariṇī;
     2 javanikā;
     3 maśaharī (mosquito-c.). Ph.: the c. falls: javanikā patati (?); the c. rises: javanikā utpatati (?); behind the c., (a) in theatrical language nepathye (loc.), (b) in gen. sense parokṣe.

CURTAINED: avaguṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. To veil.

CURTAIN-LECTURE: *śayyānuśāsanam.

CURTLY: saṃkṣepeṇa: v. Briefly, concisely.

CURULE: Ph.: c. chair: siṃhāsanam (?).

CURVATURE: vakriman (m.) (?).

CURVE (v.): vakrīkaroti: v. To bend.

CURVE (subs.):
     I A bending: q. v.
     II A c. line: *vakrarekhā.

CURVED:
     1 vakraḥ (krā kraṃ);
     2 jihmitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Crooked.

CURVET (v.): v. To leap, bound, frisk.

CURVET (subs.):
     I Of horses: valgitam.
     II A prank, frolic: q. v.

CURVILINEAR: *vakrarekhāmayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

CUSHION:
     1 upadhānam;
     2 upabarhaḥ.

CUSHIONY: v. Soft, pliable.

CUSP: cuḍā: v. Also point.

CUSTARD: *dugdhāṇḍamiṣṭam.

CUSTARD-APPLE:
     I The tree: ātṛpyaḥ.
     II The fruit: ātṛpyam or phalam.

CUSTODIAN: rakṣakaḥ: v. Keeper, superintendent.

CUSTODY:
     I Charge, guarding: q. v. rakṣā.
     II Confinement: q. v.: nirodhaḥ.

CUSTOM:
     I Usage: ācāraḥ, immemorial c.: śāśvata ācāraḥ, M.; deviating from c.: ācārādvicyutaḥ, M. II. Business: q. v. Ph.: he has a great deal of c.: tasyānekā grāhakāḥ.
     III A c. duty: śulka (mn.).

CUSTOM-HOUSE: śulkaśālā. C. officer: śulkādhikṛtaḥ; śulkopajīvī, Mah.

CUSTOMARY:
     1 ācāra in comp., c. taking of smoke: ācāradhūmagrahaṇam, K. Ph.: it is c.: eṣa ācāraḥ;
     2 nityaḥ (tyā tyaṃ) (what should be observed daily), B.

CUSTOMER: grāhakaḥ, a known c.: paricitagrāhakaḥ, P. i. l.: v. Buyer.

CUT (subs.):
     I A wound:
     1 chinnam, Sr.;
     2 kṣatam (=hurt, wound: q. v.)
     II A blow:
     1 prahāraḥ;
     2 āghātaḥ.
     III Portion cut off: chedaḥ.
     IV A slight. Ph.: this was an unkind cut: *eṣa parihāro nirdaya āsīt.
     V A groove: q. v.: khātam.
     VI An engraving: q. v.
     VII Shape: ākāraḥ.
     VIII Of cards: *vibhāgaḥ. Ph.: whose c. is it: *kasya vibhāgāvasaraḥ.
     IX A horse: aśvaḥ. Ph.: a short c.: saralamārgaḥ.

CUT (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 chinatti (chid, c. 5.) (best equiv.), to c. the Śami tree: śamīlatāṃ chettum, Sa.; to c. nails: nakhāni chinatti, M. iv. 69.; c. ing the heart: bharmacchid (mfn.), Ki. xi. 49.;
     2 lunāti (, c. 9.), with hair c.: lūnakeśaḥ, K. b.; c. ting of corn: vrīhilavanam, S. c.;
     3 kṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.) ni-, to cut one's own throat: svasya kaṇṭhaṃ nikṛntati, Mah.;
     4 vṛścati (vraśca, c. l.) (rare), c. one another: parasparaṃ vavraścuḥ, B.;
     5 dyati (do, c. 4.) (rare). Ph.: the dart was c. into three pieces: tridhā kṛtā śaktiḥ, Ve. iv.
     II To carve: q. v.
     III To intersect: q. v.
     IV To castrate: q. v. Ph.:
     1 to c. cards: *tāsaṃ kṛntati;
     2 to c. a figure: pratiṣṭhāṃ prāpnoti;
     3 to c. a person: pariharati;
     4 to c. capers: upahāsaṃ karoti;
     5 to c. the teeth. V. To put forth;
     6 c. -glass: *saṃskṛtakācaḥ.

CUT (v. i.):
     I Lit.: v. Above.
     II To interfere (as a horse): q. v.

CUT DOWN:
     I To fell: chittvā or lūttvā or kartitvā pātayati (c. of pat); avakṛntati; avadyati, Ki.
     II To abash: q. v.: hrepayati (c. of hrī).
     III To reduce, diminish: q. v.

CUTIN or INTO: i. e. to interrupt: q. v. vicchinatti.

CUT OFF:
     I Lit.:
     1 chinatti, (their) heads were c. off: mūrdhanau cicchidāte, Vi. vi.;
     2 kṛntati ni-, c. off his arms: bhujau cakṛtatustasya, B. vi. 45.;
     3 lunāti, c. ting off the head of this boy: etasya śiśoḥ śiro lūtvā, Vi. iii.
     II To destroy: q. v.: to be c. off by disease: rogeṇa kṣayaṃ gacchati eti.
     III To interrupt: ni-ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 5.), c. off supplies: vīvadhaṃ niruṇaddhi, Si. ii. 64.

CUT OUT:
     I Lit.: utkṛntati.
     II To contrive, adapt: q. v.
     III To supersede: q. v.: ucchinatti.
     IV To carry off: q. v.

CUT SHORT:
     I To abridge: saṃkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.). Ph.: to c. the matter short: kiṃ bahunā.
     II To interrupt: Ph.: c. ing him short: asya vacanam ākṣipya (kṣip, c. 6.), K.

CUT TO or IN PIECES:
     1 khaṇḍakhaṇḍaṃ karoti;
     2 khaṇḍaśaḥ or lavaśaḥ or sahasraśaḥ etc. chinatti kṛntati, etc.;
     3 śakalayati vi-, (nomi.), Vi.

CUT UNDER: v. To undersell.

CUT UP:
     I To cut to pieces: q. v.: nikṛntati, which c. s. up enemies' army: parasenānikartanam, Mah.
     II Fig.: to wound, assail:
     1 gurubhirdoṣairmarmasu nistudati (tud, c. 6.). Ki. xvii. 43.;
     2 khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.), B.

CUTANEOUS: expr. by comp., c. disease: tvagrogaḥ; c. eruption: dadruḥ.

CUTICLE: avabhāsinī, Wilson: v. Skin.

CUTLASS: kartarikā: v. Sword.

CUTLER: *churikākāraḥ.

CUTLERY:
     I The business of a cutler: churikākāravyavasāyaḥ.
     II Cutting instruments: *churikādīni (n. pl.).

CUTLET: *bhṛṣṭaphālikā, veal c.: *bhṛṣṭā vatsamāṃsaphālikā.

CUTPURSE: granthibhedaḥ -kaḥ, M. ix. 277; v. Thief.

CUTTER:
     I One who cuts:
     1 chedakaḥ;
     2 chettṛ (m.);
     3 chid in comp., wood -c: vanachid;
     4 lavanakartṛ (m.), rice -c.: dhānyalavanakartā, K. b.
     II A cutting instrument: kartarikā.
     III A front teeth: v. Incisor.
     IV A small ship: perh. madguḥ.

CUT-THROAT:
     I Subs.: kaṇcchedakaḥ: v. Murderer.
     II Adj.: v. Murderous.

CUTTING (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 chitvaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vraścanaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Of wind or cold: perh. udvegakārin (f. ṇī).
     III Biting, severe: q. v.: marmacchid (mfn.).

CUTTING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 chedaḥ -naṃ (best equiv.);
     2 kartanam or kṛntanam ni-;
     3 lavanam;
     4 vraścanam;
     5 chidā.
     II A part cut off: chedaḥ: v. Part.
     III A trench: q. v.: khātam.

CUTTLE-FISH: a mollusk: *daśabhujā.

CUT-WATER: potāgram; *taraṅgabhedin (n.).

CYCLE: cakram, c. of time: kālacakram, Sr.: v. Circle.

CYCLONE: cakravātyā (?): v. Hurricane.

CYCLOPAEDIA: *vidyākoṣaḥ, c. of medicine: *vaidyakavidyākoṣaḥ.

CYGNET: haṃsaśāvakaḥ bālahaṃsaḥ.

CYLINDER: *stūpaḥ; yaṣṭighanakṣetram, K. d.

CYLINDRICAL: *stūpākāraḥ (rā raṃ).

CYMBAL:
     1 tālam;
     2 bhakallakam,
     3 ghanam;
     4 bhilliḥ.

CYNIC (subs.): manuṣyadveṣin (m.) (?).

CYNIC, -AL (adj.): v. Surly, austere, captious.

CYNICISM: manuṣyadveṣitā (?); viṣayaparāṅmu khatā (in good sense).

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CYNOSURE:
     I Lit.: dhruvaḥ.
     II Fig.: candraḥ, the c. of the solar race: dinakarakulacandraḥ, U. vi.

CYPHER: v. Cipher.

CYPRESS: nityaparṇo mahāvṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

CZAR: adhirājaḥ; rūśīyānāmadhirājaḥ.


DAB (v.): ladhu tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.) or āhanti (han c. 2.).

DAB (subs.):
     I A blow: laghuprahāraḥ; laghughātaḥ.
     II A lump: q. v.: piṇḍaḥ
     III An expert: q. v.
     IV A fish: candrakaḥ (?).

DABBLE (v. t.): siñcati: v. To sprinkle, spatter.

DABBLE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: krīḍati (krīḍ c. l.).
     II Of learning: vārttāmātramadhigacchati (gam c. l.) (rare).

DABBLER: pallavagrāhipaṇḍitaḥ; śāstragaṇḍaḥ.

DACE: rohitajātīyamatsyabhedaḥ.

DACTYL: bha
: caraṇaviśeṣaḥ.

DACTYLOLOGY: *aṅgulibhāṣā.

DAD, DADDY: tātaḥ.

DAEDAL, -IAN (adj.): vicitraḥ (trā traṃ): v. Ingenious.

DAFFODIL: pītapuṣpaprabhedaḥ; latābhedaśca.

DAGGER:
     1 kṛpāṇī;
     2 kartarī;
     3 churikā.

DAILY (adj.):
     1 āhnikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 dainikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 dainandinaḥ (nī naṃ).

DAILY (adv.):
     1 pratyaham;
     2 pratidinam;
     3 pratidivasam;
     4 prativāsaram;
     5 dine dine;
     6 ahanyahani;
     7 aharahaḥ;
     8 anudinam.
     9 anvaham D. and nightly =day and night: v. Day.

DAINTILY: v. Nicely; scrupulously; deliciously.

DAINTINESS:
     I Nicety: q. v.: lālityam.
     II Fastidiousness: q. v.

DAINTY (adj.):
     I Delicious: q. v.: svādu (mfn.).
     II Nice: q. v.: lalitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Fastidious: q. v.

DAINTY (subs.): viśiṣṭabhojanam and sim. comp. s.

DAIRY, DAIRY-HOUSE:
     1 vrajaḥ, Ki. iv. 16.;
     2 dugdhaśālā (?).

DAIRY-MAID:
     1 gopī;
     2 vallavī;
     3 ābhīrī.

DAISY: śuklapuṣpabhedaḥ.

DALE: upatyakā. v. Vale, valley.

DALLIANCE:
     I Sportiveness: q. v.: vilāsaḥ.
     II Delay: q. v.

Dally:
     I To linger: kālaṃ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), Vi. or jahāti (, c. 3.).
     II To sport: vilasati (las, c. l.).

DAM (subs.):
     I A mound:
     1 setuḥ, to set up a d.: setuṃ pravartayati, Y.;
     2 āliḥ.
     II A mother: q. v.: mātṛ (f.).

DAM, DAM UP (v.): setunā badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).

DAMAGE (subs.):
     I Injury, loss: q. v.: hāniḥ.
     II In law:
     1 udayaḥ, the thing shall be awarded with d. s: sodayaṃ paṇyaṃ dāpyaḥ, V. s.;
     2 kṣayaḥ (wear and tear, deterioration), N. s.

DAMAGE (v. t.): who d. s things: yo dravyeṣu kṣayaṃ kuryāt, Kat.: v. To injure, impair.

DAMASK (v.): v. To embellish, variegate.

DAMASK (subs.): citradukūlam (?).

DAME: purandhrī: v. Lady, mistress.

DAMN (v. t.):
     I To condemn: q. v.
     II To consign to perdition: Ph.: you will be d. ed: (tava) narako bhavet, A. r.

DAMNATION:
     1 vinipātaḥ, Sa.;
     2 narakavāsaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

DAMNED: i. e. accursed, abominable: q. v.

DAMP (subs.):
     I Moisture: q. v.: kledaḥ.
     II Fog: kujbhaṭikā.
     III Dejection: q. v. viṣādaḥ, B.

DAMP (adj.):
     I Moist: q. v.: klinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).
     II Dejected: q. v. mlānaḥ (nā naṃ), pari-, Ku.

DAMP (v. t.):
     I To moisten: q. v.
     II To depress, discourage: q. v.

DAMPISH:
     1 āklinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 īṣadārdraḥ (rdrā rdraṃ).

DAMPNESS: klinnatā: v. Moisture, fogginess.

DAMSEL: kanyā: v. Girl, maiden.

DAMSON: phalaprabhedaḥ.

DANCE (v. i.): nṛtyati (nṛt, c. 4.), as if d. ing with the waves: nṛtyamānamivormibhiḥ, Mah. Ph.: my arm is d. ing: sphurati or spandate me bāhuḥ, Sa.; to d. on the rope, i. e. to be hanged: q. v.

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DANCE (v. t.): nartayati (c. of nṛt). Ph.: to d. altendance on:
     1 upatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.);
     2 ārādhayati (c. of rādh).

DANCE (subs.): (best equiv.), round d.: maṇḍalanṛtyam;
     2 lāsyam (spe. of females);
     3 tāṇḍavam (d. of Śiva.);
     4 rāsaḥ (of Krishna and his Gopis).

DANCER: nartakaḥ.

DANCING (subs.): v. Dance. D. -girl: nartakī. D. -master:
     1 nāṭyācāryaḥ (of d. and singing);
     2 nartayitṛ (m.), Mal. D. -school: nṛtyaśālā.

DANDELION: siṃhatuṇḍaḥ (?); oṣadhibhedaḥ.

DANDIPRAT:
     I A dwarf, a child: māṇavakaḥ.
     II A coin: *varāṭakaḥ.

DANDLE: v. To fondle, caress.

DANDRIFF, DANDRUFF: dāruṇam or dāruṇakam, Bha.

DANDY: dāmbhikaḥ (?): v. Fop.

DANGER (subs.):
     1 bhayam (fear: q. v.), the d. from the demon is passed: gataṃ surārisambhavaṃ bhayam, V.;
     2 saṃśayaḥ (=doubt: q. v.), we are all put in d. of our lives: sarve vayaṃ jīvitasaṃśayamāropitāḥ, Ve. vii.;
     3 vipad -ttiḥ (calamity: q. v.), you do not see my d.: na hi paśyasi me vipattim, Mr. ix.;
     4 kaṇṭakam śalyam etc. (=anything causing mischief or annoyance), clearing d. s of roads: sthalapathaśalyaśodhanam, D. viii.

DANGEROUS:
     I Beset with danger:
     1 pratyavāyamūyiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ);
     2 saṃkaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     3 sambādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), in a place not d. and pleasant: asambādhaśive deśe, Ki.
     II Causing danger: bhayāvahaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Dreadful, danger. Ph.: d. illness: sāṃghātikarogaḥ.

DANGEROUSLY: expr. by circumlo., d. ill: sāṃghātikarogākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

DANGLE (v.): lolati vi- (lul, c. l.): v. To hang. D. about or after: anusarati (sṛ, c. l.).

DANGLER: kālakṣepin (m.) or kālakṣepakaḥ (?).

DANGLING (adj.):
     1 lolaḥ (lā laṃ) vi- vyā-;
     2 cañcat (f. ntī).

DAPPER: Lively, smart.

DAPPLE:
     I Adj.: vicitrabinduyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), A. r.: v. Spotted, variegated.
     II Subs.: binduḥ: v. Spot.
     III Verb.: citravati (citr, c. 10.): v. To variegate.

DARE (v. t.):
     I To venture: q. v.
     II To challenge: q. v.

DARE (v. i.): Ph.: who d. s assail me: ko māṃ dharṣayituṃ śaktaḥ, A. r.; did not d. to enter: praveṣṭuṃ na viṣehire, Ku.

DARING (subs.): sāhasam (=boldness and also bold act.)

DARING (adj.):
     1 sāhasin (f. );
     2 nirviśaṅkaḥ (ṅkā ṅkaṃ): v. Intrepid.

DARINGLY: sāhasena: v. Boldly, fearlessly.

DARINGNESS: sāhasikatā: v. Boldness, courage.

DARK (subs.):
     I Darkness: q. v.
     II Secrecy: q. v. Ph.: in d.: gūḍham: v. Secretly.
     III Ignorance: q. v.: in the d.: anabhijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ).

DARK (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp., a d. place: andhakārabhūmiḥ, Kar.; in a very d. night: ghorāndhakāre rātrau, Vet.;
     2 timirāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), tamasābhibhūtaḥ (tā taṃ). timiraniruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ);
     3 tāmasaḥ (sī saṃ);
     4 nirālokaḥ (kā kaṃ) and sim. comp. s. (=destitute of light).
     II Black: q. v.: kālaḥ (lī laṃ).
     III Obscure: q. v.: tamasāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comp. s.
     IV Vile, wicked: q. v. V. Gloomy: q. v.
     VI Blind: q. v.

DARKEN (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 andhakārīkaroti V. p.:
     2 andhakāratāṃ nayati, K., d. ed by the shadows of: chāyāndhakāritaḥ (tā taṃ), Vi. vii.
     II Fig.: to obscure, sully: q. v.

DARKEN (v. i.): i. e. to become dark: v. Dark and to become.

DARKLY: v. Dimly, obscurely, blindly.

DARKNESS:
     I Physical or moral:
     1 andhakāra (mn.), d. came on the plain: andhakāramudavāpa samāni, Ki. ix. 11.;
     2 tamas (n.), d. -dispelling: tamopahaḥ (hā haṃ), D.;
     3 timiram, enveloped in d.: timirāvaguṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ku.;
     4 tamasam (in. comp. s), thick d.: dhanasantamasam, Si.; blinding d.: andhatamasam, Vi.;
     5 tamisrā (=extensive d.);
     6 Ph.: dhvāntam: to enter the land of d.: dīrghataraṃ tamaḥ praviśati, Ki. xiii. 30.
     II Secrecy: q. v.

DARKSOME: tāmasaḥ (sī saṃ); v. Dark, obscure.

DARLING:
     1 priyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 priyatamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Dear.

DARN (subs.): sūcisaṃhitam (?).

DARN (v.): sūcyā saṃ-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (?).

DARNEL: tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ.

DART (subs.):
     1 astram (=any missile);
     2 prāsaḥ (any d. specially a lance). Species of d.: śalyam; śaktiḥ; parighaḥ; muśalaḥ; paṭṭiśaḥ; karpaṇaḥ; etc.

DART (v. t.): muñcati (muc, c. 6.), d. ed an iron spear at the demon: śaktiṃ mumoca ditijaṃ prati, Mat.; her companions d. ed glances at me: māmavalokya tasyāḥ sakhījanena kaṭākṣā muktā, Ma. i.: v. To hurl; to emit.

DART (v. i.): Ph.: an arrow d. ed from the Pinaka (bow of Śiva): nipapāta javādiṣuḥ pinākāt, Ki. xiii. 20.: v. To start, run.

DASH (subs.):
     I Collision:
     1 saṅghaṭṭaḥ;
     2 samāghātaḥ.
     II A check: q. v.
     III An admixture: Ph.: wine with a d. of water; jalasiktaṃ madyam (?); with a d. of white: īṣaddhavalābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).
     IV An onset, a blow: q. v. V. Capacity for bold movements: prāgalbhyam.
     VI A line: rekhā.

DASH (v. t.):
     I To throw with violence: q. v. prasabhaṃ kṣipati.
     II To shatter: q. v.: cūrṇīkaroti. To be d. ed: cūrṇībhavati.
     III To abash: q. v.
     IV To overspread partially: sparśayati (c. of spṛś) (?): v. To mix. Comp. s: (a) d. off: i. e. to execute rapidly: śīghraṃ karoti; (b.) d. out, i. e. to obliterate: q. v. vyā-mārṣṭi or mārjayati (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).

DASH (v. i.): dhāvati (dhāv, c. l.): v. To rush.

DASTARD:
     1 kāpuruṣaḥ;
     2 bhīruḥ: v. Coward.

DASTARD, DASTARDLY (adj.): Ph.: d. conduct: kāpuruṣatvam: v. Timid, base.

DASTARDY: kāpuruṣatvam: v. Cowardliness.

DATA: svīkṛtāni (n. pl.) (?).

DATE (subs.):
     I A fruit: kharjuram -rī.
     II Epoch:
     1 kālaḥ, the d. of Harsha Deva's accession: harṣadevarājyārambhakālaḥ, Mahesha;
     2 samayaḥ.
     III Of letters, etc.: Ph.: it bears no d.: *likhanadinamatra na vartate.

DATE (v. t.): *likhanadinam āropayati (c. of ruha) or cihnayati (cihn, c. 10.).

DATE (v. i.):
     I To begin: q. v.
     II To have a d.: d. d London, the 1st. June: *laṇḍane junasya prathamadivase likhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

DATE-TREE: kharjuraḥ.

DATIVE CASE:
     1 sampradānam;
     2 sampradānakārakam.

DATURA: dhustū(stu)raḥ; dhutturā.

DAUB (v.): limpati (lip, c. 6.): v. To besmear.

DAUB (subs.): lepaḥ: v. Smear.

DAUBER:
     I Lit.: lepakaḥ vi- pra-.
     II A flatterer: q. v.

DAUGHTER:
     1 duhitṛ (f.);
     2 tanayā;
     3 sutā;
     4 putrī;
     5 nandinī;
     6 in the case of proper names, also by patronymic, d. of Fanaka: jānakī.

DAUGHTER-IN-LAW:
     1 snuṣā;
     2 putravadhūḥ;
     3 vadhūḥ.

DAUNT: trāsayati (c. of tras): v. To terrify.

DAUNTLESS: nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Fearless.

DAUNTLESSNESS: nirbhīkatā: v. Fearlessness, daring.

DAUPHIN: pharāsīyarājño jyeṣṭhaputraḥ; yuvarājaḥ.

DAUPHINE, DAUPHINESS: i. e. wife of the Dauphin: pharāsīyayuvarājastrī.

DAW: kākajātīyapakṣibhedaḥ.

DAWDLE: kālaṃ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To trifle, loiter.

DAWDLER: v. Loiterer, idler

DAWN (subs.):
     1 aruṇodayaḥ;
     2 uṣas (n.);
     3 pratyu (tyū) ṣaḥ;
     4 prabhātam;
     5 vibhātam:
     6 dinamukham;
     7 dinādiḥ;
     8 niśāntaḥ;
     9 niśāvasānam. v. Morning.

DAWN (v. i.): Ph.: before the day d. ed: aprabhātāyāṃ rajanyām, Mu. i.; when it was d. ing: pratdhunmiṣatyaruṇārciṣi, D. ii. Fig.: as of genius:
     1 unmiṣati (miṣ, c. 6.);
     2 udbhinatti (bhid, c. 7.).

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DAY:
     1 dinam
     2 divasa (mn);
     3 vāsaram;
     4 ahan (n.). A d. of the week: vāraḥ. A lunar d.: tithiḥ. D. to d. dine dine: v. Daily (adv). D. and night (adv.):
     1 aharniśam;
     2 divāniśam;
     3 divarātram;
     4 rātrindivam. A whole d. i. e. a d. and night: ahorātraḥ. The d. before: pūrvedyuḥ. The next d.: paredyaḥ. Another d.: anyedyuḥ. Both d. s: ubhayedyuḥ. By d.: divā. Late in the d.: vaikāle. Even to this d.: adyāpi. Every other d.: dvitīye dvitīye divase. A d. 's hire: dainikī. In his d.: tatkāle: v. Time. The last of a Hindu month: saṃkrāntiḥ. Gained the d.: vijayaṃ lebhe (labh, c. l): v. Victory.

DAY-BOOK: dainikapustakam.

DAY-BREAK:
     1 dinamukham, Ki.;
     2 niśāntaḥ;
     3 pratyuṣaḥ: v. Dawn.

DAY-DREAM: divāsvapnaḥ (?): v. Dream.

DAY-LABOUR, DAY-WORK: dinakarman (n.), and sim. comp s.

DAY-LABOURER: dinakarmakaraḥ and sim. comp. s.

DAY-LIGHT: divālokaḥ and sim. comp. s, yet it was like d. day and night: tathāpi divasākāraṃ prakāśaṃ tadaharniśam, Mat. Ph.: in the d.: tapati tapane; before d.: anudite bhāskare.

DAY-SIGHT: rātryandhatā, affected with d.: rātryandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ).

DAY-STAR:
     I The morning-star: q. v.
     II The sun: dinamaṇiḥ, Go.

DAY-TIME: divābhāgaḥ, in the d. divā: v. Day.

DAZZLE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: to d. the eye: cakṣuṣastejāṃsi pratihanti (han, c. 2.) K.; d. d by it.:
     1 tena pratihatekṣaṇā, B. p.
     II Fig.: mohayati (c. of muh): v. To charm, blind.

DAZZLING (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 locanāni pratidhnat (f.), Ki. or pratibadhnat (f. ), M. n. etc.;
     2 (better) duṣprekṣyaḥ (kṣyā kṣyaṃ), durdarśaḥ (rśā rśaṃ) etc.: v. Brilliant.
     II Fig.: v. Wonderful.

DEACON: *yājakaḥ. D. ess: *yājikā.

DEACONHOOD, DEACONRY, DEACONSHIP: yājakatvam; yājakapadam.

DEAD (subs.): in the d. of night: vigāḍhāyāṃ śarvaryām, C.

DEAD (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 mṛtaḥ (tā taṃ (best equiv.), naturally d.: svayaṃ mṛtaḥ, H.; half d.: mṛtakalpaḥ (f. lpā), D. iv.; d. body: mṛtakam, D. vi.;
     2 parāsu (mfn.), fell d.: parāsurapatat, Ku. xvii. 53.;
     3 gatāsu (mfn.), and sim. comp. s (=whose life is past), just d.: tatkṣaṇavigatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.;
     4 uparataḥ (tā taṃ); (a milder term deceased), Da. (rarely);
     5 pretaḥ (tā taṃ);
     6 saṃsthitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     7 pramītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     8 paretaḥ (tā taṃ);
     II Of civil death: perh. mṛtakalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ); niraṃśakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (=entitled to no share of ancestral property), Y. III. Fig.: d. language: apracalitabhāṣā (?); d. sleep: ghoranidrā; d. darkness: ghorāndhakāraḥ; d. drunk: madamūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ); d. letter (i. e. obsolete): luptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ); d. letter (i. e. unclaimed letter): *agṛhītapatram; d. lock: v. Stoppage.
     IV Without motion as a d. weight: niścalaḥ (lā laṃ). V. Unproductive: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     VI Dull, monotonous: q. v.
     VII Fixed: q. v.
     VIII Vapid: q. v.

DEAD, BE: mriyate: v. To die.

DEADEN (v. t.):
     I To blunt, impair: q. v.: kuṇṭhīkaroti.
     II To retard: q. v.
     III To make vapid: virasīkaroti.

DEADEN (v. i.): kuṇṭhībhavati: v. To blunt, decay.

DEADLINESS:
     1 prāṇaharatvam;
     2 prāṇanāśakatvam;
     3 better by adj.: v. Deadly.

DEADLY (adj.):
     I Destructive:
     1 prāṇaharaḥ (rī raṃ), d. poison: prāṇaharaṃ viṣam, Ni.;
     2 prāṇāntikaḥ (kā kaṃ):
     3 prāṇanāśakaḥ (śikā śakaṃ);
     4 jīvitāpahaḥ (hā haṃ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Fig.: implacable: q. v.: d. enmity: āmaraṇāntikaṃ vairam, Mr. i.

DEADLY (adv.):
     I Mortally: q. v.:
     II Like death: expr. by comp., d. pale: śavaśyāvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Exceedingly: q. v.

DEADNESS:
     I Numbness: q. v.: stabdhatā.
     II Languor: q. v.: glāniḥ.
     III Inactivity: q. v.: śaithilyam.
     IV Vapidness: q. v.

DEAD-WIND: pratīpavāyuḥ pratīpagā marutaḥ, R.; and sim. comp. s.

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DEAF:
     I Lit.:
     1 badhiraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 eḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ) (rare), d. mute: eḍamūkaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 kallaḥ, (llā llaṃ) (rare);
     4 vikalaśrotraḥ (trā traṃ), and sim. comp. s.
     II Fig.: unwilling to hear: karṇaṃ na dadāti or na karṇe karoti, K.

DEAFEN:
     1 badhirayati (nomi.);
     2 badhirīkaroti, Si. xiii. 3.

DEAFENING (adj.):
     1 karṇavidārin (f. ṇī);
     2 śrotrabhid (mfn.), Ki. xiii. 21.; and sim. comp. s.

DEAFNESS:
     1 badhiratā;
     2 bādhiryam, Viv.

DEAL (subs.):
     I A quantity: expr. by bahu (mfn.), a great d. of time: bahusamayaḥ: v. Much, a good d.: atyantam: v. Exceedingly.
     II In cards: vaṇṭanam.
     III D. wood: devadāru (n.) (?).

DEAL (v. t.):
     I To d. out: vaṇṭayati (vaṇṭ, c. 10.): v. To distribute.
     II Of cards: *vaṇṭayati.
     III Of blows, etc.: dadāti (, c. 3).

DEAL (v. i.):
     I To traffic: q. v.: krayavikrayaṃ karoti.
     II To act, behave: q. v. D. with: (a) to treat, handle: q. v.; (b) to contend: q. v.

DEALER:
     I A Trader, merchant: q. v.: vikretṛ (m.), horse d.: aśvavikretā.
     II Of cards: *vaṇṭakaḥ.

DEALING:
     I Traffic, trade: q. v.: krayavikrayaḥ.
     II Intercourse, connexion: q. v. saṃsargaḥ.
     III Treatment: q. v.

DEAN:
     I Under a bishop: *ācāryaḥ, d. and chapter: *dharmasamājaḥ.
     II The president of a faculty: sabhāpatiḥ.

DEANERY: i. e. a dean's house: *ācāryāvāsaḥ and sim. comp. s.

DEAR (adj.):
     I High-priced:
     1 durmūlyaḥ (f. lyā):
     2 bahumūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ), sell cheap things at a d. price: alpamūlyaṃ bahumūlyena vikrīṇate, Viv.
     3 gurumūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ), Viv.: v. Costly.
     II Highly valued:
     1 priyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (=beloved: q. v.), d. er than myself: mattaḥ priyataraḥ, K.;
     2 abhimataḥ (tā taṃ), with his d. friend spring: mādhavenābhimatena sakhyā, Ku.;
     3 hṛdayaṅgamaḥ (mā maṃ) (=reaching the heart), d. friend: hṛdayaṅgamaḥ sakhā, Ku. iv. 24. Ph.: d. as one's life: prāṇasamaḥ (mā maṃ), K.; to an old man, a young wife is d. er than his life: vṛddhasya taruṇī bhāryā prāṇebhyo'pi garīyasī, H. i.

DEAR, DEARLY (adv.):
     I At a high rate:
     1 bahumūlyena;
     2 mahārgheṇa.
     II Greatly: q. v.: atyantam, "d. loved": atipriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     III Affectionately: q. v.

DEARNESS:
     I High price:
     1 durmūlyatā;
     2 mahārghatā
     3 durlabhatā (scarcity).
     II Tenderness: priyatvam -tā.

DEATH:
     1 mṛtyuḥ, unnatural d.: apamṛtyuḥ, P.; premature d.: akālamṛtyuḥ, U.; violent d.: apaghātabhṛtyuḥ; under the grasp of d.: mṛtyuhastavartin (f. ), D.; who have met d. for you: tavārthe mṛtyumīyuṣāṃ, Mah.;
     2 maraṇam, did not meet d.: maraṇaṃ nābhyapadyata, Mah.; the swing of birth and d.: jananamaraṇadolā, J.
     3 prāṇaviyogaḥ and sim. comp. s (=extinction of life);
     4 prāṇaparityāgaḥ and sim. comp. s (=quitting life: only of voluntary d.)
     5 vadhaḥ (=killing: q. v.), to seek d.: vadhaṃ mṛgayate, Ka. Ph.: pelted to d.: loṣṭrāghātaṃ hataḥ, Mu. ii.; longing for d.: mṛtyukāmaḥ (mā maṃ), V. p.; sentence of d.: prāṇadaṇḍaḥ, will pass sentence of d. on this man with forfeiture of all property: asya sarvasvaprāṇaharaṇaṃ daṇḍamājñāpayiṣyati, Mu. i.; angel of d.: yamadūtaḥ, V. p.; after d.: pretya (rare), D.

DEATH, PUT TO:
     1 hanti (han, c. 2.), put him to d. at once, hanyatāmavilambitam: V. p.;
     2 vyāpādayati (c. of pad), no, he has not been put to d., but thrown into prison: na khalu vyāpāditaḥ parantu bandhanāgāre nikṣiptaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     3 by vadhaḥ, the king ordered him to be put to d.: rājñā (tasya) vadha ādiṣṭaḥ, P.; one who should not be put to d.: avadhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ): v. To kill.

DEATH-BED: mṛtyuśayyā. On one's d.: mṛtyakāle or maraṇasamaye, Vet.

DEATHLESS: amaraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Immortal.

DEATH-LIKE: v. Cadaverous.

DEATH'S HEAD: a moth: *kāpālikaḥ; kapālacihritapakṣaḥ pataṅgabhedaḥ.

DEATH-WARRANT: vadhādeśalekhaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

DEATH-WATCH: gomayotthāprabhedaḥ.

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DEBAR (v.): pratiṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.): v. To prevent, exclude.

DEBARK: avatarati (tṛ, c. 1.): v. To disembark.

DEBASE:
     1 apakarṣati (c. of kṛṣ);
     2 avanamayati (c. of nam);
     3 by adj.: v. Base.

DEBASEMENT:
     1 apakarṣaḥ;
     2 avamānanā (=disgrace: q. v.).

DEBATABLE:
     1 vivadanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 sandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ) (=doubtful).

DEBATE (subs.):
     1 vivādaḥ, and there were d. s amongst themselves. anyonyasya vivādāśca prādurabhūvan, C.;
     2 vādaḥ: v. Controversy.

DEBATE (v.):
     1 vivadate (vid, c. l.): v. To dispute;
     2 vicārayati (c. of car): v. To discuss.

DEBATER:
     1 vādin (m.);
     2 vaktṛ (m.) (strictly =speaker), Ki.;
     3 tarkin (m.) (=argumentator).

DEBAUCH (v.): nāśayati (c. of naś), great attachment to sensual pleasures d. es a man: nāśayati puruṣamatyāsaṅgo viṣayeṣu, K.; to d. a girl: bālāṃ nāśayati, D. ii.: v. To corrupt.

DEBAUCH (subs.):
     I Debauchery: q. v.
     II Revel: q. v.

DEBAUCHEE:
     1 lampaṭaḥ: v. Lewd;
     2 kāmavṛttaḥ: v. Libertine.

DEBAUCHER:
     1 nāśakaḥ;
     2 dūṣakaḥ;
     3 dūṣayitṛ (m.):

DEBAUCHERY:
     I Corruption: q. v.: nāśaḥ.
     II Lewdness, libertinism: q. v.: lāmpaṭyam
     III Intemperance: q. v.

DEBENTURE: *deyalekhaḥ; deyasvīkārapatram.

DEBILITATE: kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.): v. To weaken.

DEBILITY: darbalatā: v. Feebleness.

DEBIT (v.): *deyadhanabhāge likhati (likha, c. 6.).

DEBIT (subs.): Ph.: d. side: deyadhanabhāgaḥ.

DEBONAIR: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Gentle, affable.

DEBT: ṛṇam (lit. and fig.): to discharge a d.: ṛṇaṃ śodhayati, K. b.; to contract a d.: ṛṇaṃ karoti, D. s.; involved in d.: ṛṇagrastaḥ (stā staṃ), At.; recovery of a d.: ṛṇādānam, M.; as I may get out of this (d.): tasmānmucye yathā, R. i. 72.; one who is unable to pay d.: ṛṇaṃ dātumaśakto yaḥ, M.

DEBTOR:
     1 ṛṇin (m.) or ṛṇikaḥ (lit. and fig.);
     2 adhamarṇaḥ (lit.);
     3 ṛṇagrahītṛ (m.), K. b.;
     4 khādakaḥ (rare).

DEBUT:
     I A beginning: prārambhaḥ.
     II A first appearance: q. v.

DECADE: i. e. ten of any thing: d. (of years): daśavarṣam: v. Ten.

DECADENCE, DECADENCY: avasādaḥ: v. Decay, decline.

DECAGON: daśakoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ); daśabhujaḥ (jā jaṃ).

DECALOGUE: *nideśadaśakam.

DECAMP:
     I To break up a camp: kaṭakaṃ bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7.) or sthānāntaraṃ nayati (, c. 1.).
     II To go away, flee: q. v.: apasarpati (sṛp, c. l.), d. ed from the battle: raṇādapasasarpa, Mat.

DECAMPMENT:
     I Lit.: kaṭakabhañjanam (?).
     II Flight: q. v.: apasarpaṇam.

DECANT: srāvayati (c. of sru) (?): v. To pour gently.

DECANTER: a glass vessel: bharī.

DECAPITATE: śiraḥ chinatti (chid, c. 7.) (with gen.): v. To behead.

DECAPITATION: śiraścheda: v. Beheading.

DECAY (v. i.):
     1 kṣīyate pari-, (pass. of kṣi) or kṣayaṃ gacchati yāti, etc.; of un-d. ed loyalty: akṣīṇabhaktiḥ, Mu.; when the night d. ed: kṣīṇāyāṃ kṣapāyām, K.;
     2 śīryate vi-, (pass. of śṝ) (= go to ruin), doors of income d. ed: āyadvārāṇi vyaśīryanta, D.; d. ed leaf: śīrṇaparṇaḥ, Me.;
     3 jīryati or jarati (jṝ, c. 4. and 1.) (from age): the teeth of a d. ing man d.: dantā jīryanti jīryataḥ, P. v. 10.; d. ed bark: jīrṇavalkalam, K.

DECAY (subs.):
     1 kṣayaḥ pari-, d. of fame: yaśaḥkṣayaḥ, Ki.;
     2 viśīrṇatā (going to ruin: as a building);
     3 jīrṇatā (from age);
     4 avasādaḥ (=failing).

DECAYING (adj.):
     1 kṣayin (f. ṇī);
     2 kṣayiṣṇu (mfn.);
     3 kṣīyamāṇa (f. ṇā), pari-;
     4 viśīryamāṇa (f. ṇā);
     5 jīryat (f. ntī).

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DECEASE:
     I Subs.: uparamaḥ: v. Demise.
     II Verb: v. To die.

DECEASED: uparataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Dead.

DECEIT:
     I Deception: q. v.: pratāraṇā.
     II Artifice, strategem:
     1 chalam, d. is not admitted here: chalamatra na gṛhyate, Mr.;
     2 kapaṭa (mfn.), able to follow out d.: kapaṭānusārakuśalaḥ, Mr.;
     3 chahman (n.) (strictly = disguise), by d.: chahmanā, Viv.

DECEITFUL:
     I Lit.:
     1 pratāraṇāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 vañcanāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 chalanāparaḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 kapaṭapravaṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Fig.: false: q. v.

DECEITFULLY:
     1 chalena;
     2 sakapaṭam;
     3 chadmanā;
     4 savyājam.

DECEITFULNESS:
     1 pratāraṇāparāyaṇatā;
     2 vañcanaśīlatā.

DECEITLESS:
     1 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     2 nirvyājaḥ (jā jaṃ).

DECEIVE:
     1 pratārayati (c. of tṝ), was d. d and drawn away to the bush: pratārya tenācakṛṣe latāsu, N.;
     2 vañcayate (vañc, c. 10.), d. ing me: māṃ vañcayitvā, P.;
     3 chalayati (chal, c. 10), to the d. r of Bali: baliṃ chalayate, Gi.;
     4 vipralabhate (labh, c. 1.);
     5 abhisandhatte (dhā, c. 3.), Sa.

DECEIVER:
     1 pratārakaḥ;
     2 vañcakaḥ;
     3 vipralambhakaḥ.

DECEMBER: uttarāgrahāyaṇapūrvapauṣasaṃvādīyurupīyavatsarasya dvādaśo māsaḥ.

DECEMVIR: daśānām ekaḥ. D. i.: *daśa; prācīnaromakasya daśaśāsakāḥ.

DECEMVIRAL: *daśānām, d. government: daśānāṃ śāsanam.

DECEMVIRATE: daśādhipatyam.

DECENCY:
     1 śālīnatā (=modesty);
     2 vinayaḥ: v. Decorum.

DECENNIAL:
     1 daśavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ):
     2 daśābdikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

DECENT:
     I Decorous:
     1 vinītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vinayopetaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Not obscene: sādhusammataḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Sufficient: q. v.

DECENTLY:
     1 śālīnatayā (modestly);
     2 samucitam (=suitably).

DECEPTION:
     1 pratāraṇā -ṇam, well up in d.: pratāraṇakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), K.;
     2 vañcanā pra-, even d. is a gain: vañcanāpi lābhāya, M. n.;
     3 chalanā, addicted to d.: chalanāparaḥ, Si.;
     4 vipralambhaḥ, means of d.: vipralambhopāyaḥ, D.
     5 abhisandhānam, Sa. v.

DECEPTIVE: bhrāntijanakaḥ (kā kaṃ), and sim. comp. s: v. False.

DECEPTIVENESS: bhrāntijanakatvam: v. Falsity.

DECIDE (v. t.):
     1 nirṇayati (, c. l.), we are to d., the rest rests with the king: nirṇaye vayaṃ pramāṇaṃ śeṣe tu rājā, Mr. ix.;
     2 niścinoti, (ci, c. 5.), he d. d that the r had been altered into s by the merchant: rephe sakāraṃ vaṇijā kāritaṃ niścikāyasaḥ, Raj.
     3 sthirīkaroti (=to fix.), to d. the meaning of the plaint: bhāṣārthasthirīkaraṇāya, K. b. Ph.: d. ing for and against according to pleasure: svecchayā jayaparājayau vidadhānāḥ (m. pl.), D. viii.

DECIDED (adj.):
     1 niścitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ) (=firm);
     3 asandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ) (=undoubted: q. v.).

DECIDEDLY:
     1 niścitam;
     2 asaṃśayam: v. Undoubtedly, certainly.

DECIDER: nirṇetṛ (m.): v. Judge.

DECIDUOUS: patanaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

DECIMAL: *daśakaḥ (kā kaṃ), d. fraction: *daśakabhinnam.

DECIMATE:
     I Lit.: daśāśaṃ gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To punish every tenth man of: daśamabhāgasya prāṇadaṇḍaṃ karoti (with gen.).
     III To devastate: q. v.

DECIMATION: daśamabhāgasya vadhaḥ or prāṇadaṇḍaḥ.

DECIPHER: nirvācayati (c. of vac).

DECIPHERER: nirvācakaḥ. Decipheress: nirvācikā.

DECISION:
     I Adjudication: nirṇayaḥ, d. of a case: vyavahāranirṇayaḥ, K. b.
     II Firmness: q. v.: sthairyam. A man of d.: sthiradhīḥ, R.

DECISIVE: niścāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?); saṃśayacchid (mfn.) (?).

DECISIVELY: v. Decidedly.

DECK (subs.): *chadaḥ; naupṛṣṭhabh. Four d. ed: *catuśchadaḥ (dā daṃ).

DECK (v.):
     I To adorn: q. v.: bhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.).
     II To furnish with a deck: chadena yojayati (yuj, c. 10.).

DECLAIM (v.):
     1 māṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1.): v. To speak;
     2 girāmūrmīḥ nirmimīte (, c. 3) (poet), N.

DECLAIMER, DECLAIMANT: vakta (m.): v. Speaker.

DECLAMATION:
     I Speech: q. v.: gir (f.) (often in the pl.).
     II Rhetorical display: vāgāḍambaraḥ.

DECLAMATORY:
     I Lit.: vāṅmayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Fig.: v. Bombastic.

DECLARATION:
     I Assertion, statement: q. v. uktiḥ.
     II Announcement, proclamation: q. v.: khyāpanam Ph.: the D. of Independence: *svādhīnatākhyāpanam -patram.
     IV In law: bhāṣā, K. b.; bhāṣāpadam, Mi.

DECLARATIVE, DECLARATORY: v. Expressive, explanatory.

DECLARE (v. t.):
     I To clear: q. v.
     II To assert: q. v.: bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.).
     III To make known, manifest: q. v.: bravīti or brūte, for good men d. their use by results: bruvate hi phalena sādhavo nijopayogitām, N. IV. To proclaim: q. v.: ghoṣayati (c. of ghaṣa).

DECLARE (v. i.): bravīti v. To say. To d. for: avalambate. To d. against: pratipakṣam avalambate (lamb, c. l.).

DECLENSION:
     I Decline: q. v.
     II In gram. śabdarūpākhayānam.

DECLINABLE: naikarūpaḥ (pā paṃ) (i. e. having more than one form).

DECLINATION:
     I Obliquity: q. v.
     II In astr: apamaḥ.

DECLINE (v. i.):
     I To bend over: lambate ava-, (lamb, c. l.).
     II To decay, diminish: q. v.: hāsamupaiti (i, c. 2.).
     III Of day, etc.:
     1 pariṇamati (nam c. l.), by this time the day d. d.: anena samayena pariṇato divasaḥ, K.;
     2 galati (gal, c. l.), the third wakS d. ing: galati tṛtīye yāme, C.;
     3 kṣīyate, when the night d. d.: kṣīṇāyāṃ kṣapāyām, K. IV. To deviate: q. v. V. To refuse: q. v. pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2).

DECLINE (v. t.):
     I To refuse, reject: q. v.: pratyākhyāti.
     II To inflect: Ph.: d. patiḥ *pate rūpāṇyākhyāhi (khyā, c. 2.).
     III To bend: q. v.

DECLINE (subs.):
     1 hrāsaḥ (=decrease), by the rise and d. of prices: arghasya vṛddhihrāsena, Vy.;
     2 kṣayaḥ (=decay), d. of fame: yaśaḥkṣayaḥ, Ki.;
     3 pariṇāmaḥ, or pariṇatiḥ, (lit., bending: of life or time), d. of life: vayaḥpariṇāmaḥ, K.; d. of night: rātreḥ pariṇatiḥ, Si.

DECLINING (subs.): pratyākhyānam: v. Refusal.

DECLIVITY:
     1 avasarpiṇī bhūmiḥ;
     2 natabhūḥ: v. Slope.

DECOCTION: kvāthaḥ (both of decocting and of the extract).

DECOLLATE: v. To behead. "D. d head": chinnaśiras (n.).

DECOMPOSE (v. i.):
     I To dissolve: vilīyate (, c. 4.).
     II To decay: pūyate (pūy, c. l.) (?). v. Decomposition (III).

DECOMPOSE (v. t.):
     I To analyze: q. v.
     II To dissolve: q. v.

DECOMPOSITION:
     I Analysis: *viśleṣaḥ.
     II Dissolution:
     1 vilayaḥ;
     2 parikṣayaḥ.
     III Corruption: pūtiḥ, that there might be no d.: mābhūt pūtiriti, B. com.

DECORATE:
     1 prasādhayati (c. of sādh);
     2 ākalpayati (kalp, c. 10.): v. To adorn.

DECORATION:
     1 prasādhanam, Ka. vii. 30;
     2 pratikarman or parikarman (n.). Ku. vii. 6.;
     3 ākalpaḥ: v. Ornament; adornment.

DECORATOR:
     1 prasādhakaḥ (f. dhikā);
     2 alaṅkartṛ (f. trī).

DECOROUS: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ), in a d. dress: vinītaveṣeṇa, Sa.: v. Becoming.

DECOROUSLY:
     1 savinayam;
     2 vinayena;
     3 yathocitam (=suitably).

DECORUM:
     1 vinayaḥ, seeing his ripeness in d.: vīkṣya tasya vinaye paripākam, N.;
     1 maryādā, transgressor of d.: maryādālaṅghin (f. ), M. n.;
     3 sthitiḥ, breaker of d.: sthitibhid (mfn.), R.

DECOY (v. t.): ākarṣati (c. of kṛṣ): v. To entrap, allure.

DECOY (subs.): i. e. a d. -bird: ākarṣakaḥ (?).

DECREASE (subs.):
     1 hrāsaḥ, from gradual d.: alpālpahrāsāt, V. p.;
     2 kṣayaḥ (=gen. decay), d. and increase: kṣayavṛddhī, Su.;
     2 apakṣayaḥ (rare).

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DECREASE (v. t.): v. To diminish.

DECREASE (v. i.):
     1 hrāsamupaiti adhigacchati, etc., spirit d. s: satvaṃ hrāsamupaiti, Mr.;
     2 kṣīyate pari-, (pass. of kṣi), the nights d. when the sun is on the north of the equator: kṣīyante khalūttarāyaṇe rātrayaḥ M. n.;
     3 hīyate pari- pra-, (pass. of ), every day you are d. ing in your body: anudivasaṃ khalu parihīyase'ṅgeṣu, Sa.;
     4 apacīyate (pass. of ci) (rare).

DECREE (subs.):
     1 ājñā;
     2 ādeśaḥ: v. Order.

DECREE (v.):
     I To order: q. v.:
     1 ādiśati (diś, c. 6.);
     2 dāpayati (c. of ) (=cause to give), should d. the debt to the creditor: dhanine dhanaṃ dāpayet, Y. II. To decide: q. v.

DECREMENT: hrāsaḥ: v. Decrease.

DECREPIT:
     1 jarāturaḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 jarājīrṇendriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 jarat (f. ) d. son of Ganga: jaradgāṅgeyaḥ, Ve.: v. Infirm.

DECREPITUDE: jarā, d. and deformity: jarā vairūpyameva ca, V. p.

DECRETAL (adj:): expr. by comp., d. epistle: ādeśapatram.

DECRETAL (subs.): a collection of decrees: ādeśasaṃgrahaḥ.

DECRIAL: apakrośa: v. Calumny, abuse.

DECRY: parivadati (vad, c. l.): v. To disparage, censure.

DECURION: daśādhyakṣaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

DECUSSATION: tiryakpātaḥ (?).

DEDICATE:
     I To consecrate: q. v.: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. l.).
     II To devote: q. v.
     III To d. books, etc.: samarpayati (c. of ) (?); utsṛjati (?).

DEDICATION:
     I Consecration, appropriation: utsargaḥ.
     II Of a book: mukhabandhaḥ (?).

DEDICATORY: Ph.: d. epistle: mukhabandhaḥ (?).

DEDUCE:
     I To derive or draw: q. v.
     II To infer: q. v.:
     1 nirṇayati ( c. l.);
     2 labhate (labh, c. l.) (to get).

DEDUCIBLE:
     1 anumeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 labhyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ).

DEDUCT v. t.: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.) Ph.: capital d. ed from amount is interest: mūlaṃ miśrāccyutaṃ kalāntaram, Li.: v. To subtract.

DEDUCTION:
     I Conclusion, inference: q. v.: nigamanam.
     II Subtraction:
     1 viyojanam;
     2 vyavakalanam, To make d. s: viyojayati, Li.

DEDUCTIVE: naigamikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

DEED:
     I An act: q. v.:
     1 karman (n.);
     2 avadānam (=a noble d.), Sa.
     II A legal instrument: patram, d. of sale: vikrayapatram, Raj.

DEEM: manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To think.

DEEP (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 gabhīraḥ or gambhīraḥ (rā raṃ); agādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (=very d., bottomless): Ph.: thigh-d.: urudaghnaḥ (ghnā ghnaṃ), K.; in thumb-d. water: aṅguṣṭhodakamātreṇa, J. II, Of sounds:
     1 gabhīraḥ or gambhīraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 mandraḥ (f. ndrā); v. Grave.
     III Of colours:
     1 ghana, in comp., d. red: ghanāruṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 nitānta- in comp.: v. Exceedingly.
     IV In various senses: d. sense: gabhīrārthaḥ, Ki.; in a very d. king: atigambhīre bhūpe, C.; very d. wounds: dūrāvagāḍhā vraṇāḥ, Sr.; in a d. mind: avagāḍhe hṛdi, N.; d. sleep: gāḍhanidrā or ghoranidrā, K.; d. sigh: dīrghaniśvāsaḥ; very d. anger: gambhīrataraḥ kopaḥ, Pri.; with d. passion: vigāḍhabhāvena, B. p.; soldiers nine files d.: navapaṃktayo yodhāḥ (?); d.-rooted: sthirabaddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ), B.; d. darkness: ghorāndhakāraḥ, Vet.; d. distress: ghoraduḥkham: v. Cunning, artful: q. v.

DEEP (subs.): expr. by the adj., in the d. of night: gāḍhāyāṃ rajanyām, K.; moving about in the d. agādhasalile caran, Ka.

DEEPEN (v. i.): gabhīrībhavati: v. Also to thicken, increase.

DEEPEN (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 gabhīrīkaroti;
     2 by the adj.: v. Deep, to make.
     II To increase: q. v.: varddhayati.

DEEPLY:
     1 gāḍham, (her) glances are d. impressed on my heart: gāḍhaṃ nikhāta iva me hṛdaye kaṭākṣaḥ, Ma. i.;
     2 pragāḍham (=very d.);
     3 atyantam (=excessively: q. v.). Ph.: sighing d.: dīrghaṃ niśvasya, K.; wounded d. in (her) heart: hṛdi vyāyatapātamakṣiṇot, Ku. v. 54.

DEEPNESS: v. Depth.

DEER:
     1 mṛgaḥ;
     2 hariṇaḥ:
     3 kuraṅgaḥ -maḥ.

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DEFACE:
     I To disfigure: q. v. virupīkaroti.
     II To spoil: q. v.

DEFACEMFNT:
     I Disfigurement: virūpīkaraṇam.
     II Obliteration: q. v.

DEFALCATION:
     I A deficit: q. v.
     II Embezzlement: q. v.

DEFAMATION: parivādaḥ: v. Calumny.

DEFAMATORY: parivādagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ): v. Slanderous.

DEFAME:
     1 parivadati (vad, c. l.), is d. ing in (my) presence my friend, the king of Anga: parivadati samakṣaṃ mitramaṅgādhirājam, Ve.;
     2 apabhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. l.), who d. s great men: yo mahato'pabhāṣate, Ku.;
     3 ākṣipati (kṣip, c. l.) (=to asperse).

DEFAMER: parivādin: (f. ): v. Slanderer.

DEFAULT (v.):
     I To offend: q. v.
     II To be absent: anupasthitaḥ (tā tam).

DEFAULT (subs.):
     I Negligence: śaithilyam.
     II Fault: q. v.: deṣaḥ.
     III Absence: in d. of the plaintiff: anupasthite vādini; in d. of fine: adattedaṇḍe; in d. of fishes: matsyābhāve.

DEFAULTER:
     I In law: anuparthitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II A delinquent: q. v.

DEFEAT (v. t):
     I To overthrow: parājayate (ji, c. l.), the Yavanas were d. ed: parājayiṣata yavanāḥ, D. vi.: v. To conquer, bear.
     II To frustrate in battle: q. v.: hanti ni- vyā-, (han, c. 2.), would d. my object: nihanyānme manoratham, D. ii.

DEFEAT (subs.):
     I Discomfiture:
     1 parājayaḥ, who has admitted d. from me: yayā mattaḥ parājayo'bhyupetaḥ, D. ii.;
     2 parābhavaḥ; d. of Parashurāma: paraśurāmasya parābhavaḥ, Vi.; to get a d.: parābhavaṃ prāpnoti, Ki.;
     3 bhaṅgaḥ (rout).
     II Frustration: q. v.: vighātaḥ.

DEFECATE:
     I Trans: v. To clarify, refine.
     II Intrans: malotsargaṃ karoti.

DEFECATE (adj.); DEFECATION: v. Refined, Purification.

DEFECT:
     I Want: q. v.
     II Fault, blemish: q. v.: doṣaḥ.

DEFECTION: Ph.: d. from one's own religion: svadharmatyāgaḥ; "d. to Popery" romakadharmaparigrahaḥ; "d. of a realm" *rāṣṭravighaṭanam.: v. Revolt, apostacy.

DEFECTIVE: asampūrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ): v. Imperfect, maimed, faulty.

DEFECTIVENESS:
     1 asampūrṇatā;
     2 sadoṣatā, (faultiness);
     3 vaikalyam (of limbs).

DEFENCE:
     I Protection: q. v.:
     1 rakṣā;
     2 guptiḥ, for the d. of cities: nagaraguptyartham, Mah.;
     3 better by circumlo: v. To defend.
     II Art of d.: prob. rakṣā.
     III That which defends: guptiḥ, and the d. s are quite impassable: alaṅghayatamā ca guptiḥ, D.: v. Also defender. IV. In law: uttaram, witnesses for the d.: uttaravādinaḥ sākṣiṇaḥ, Y. V. Apology.

DEFENCELESS:
     1 aguptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ);
     2 anāyudhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (=unarmed).

DEFEND:
     I To protect: q. v. rakṣati (rakṣa, c. l.), d. him from Bhima: rakṣainaṃ bhīmāt. Ve. iii. N. B. Exact sense expr. by circumlo., Karṇa cannot d. the Kaurava army from Bhīma and Arjuna: kairavabalamāloḍayantau bhīmārjunau rādheyena na śakyete nivārayitum, Ve.
     II In law, to contest: uttaraṃ dadāti, (, c. 3.).
     III To repel: q. v.

DEFENDANT:
     1 pratyarthin (f. ), Mr. ix.;
     2 prativādin (f. ), Si. xx. 18.

DEFENDER:
     1 rakṣakaḥ;
     2 goptṭa (m.), d. of the faith: dharmasya goptā, Vi. v.: v. Protector, guardian.

DEFENSIVE: Ph.: on the d.: ātmarakṣārtham; d. and offensive weapons: ākramaṇanivāraṇa- parapraharaṇāyudhāḥ.

DEFER (v. t.):
     I To put off, delay: q. v.: vyākṣipati (kṣip, c. 9.).
     II To refer: q. v.

DEFER (v. i.):
     I To yield, submit: q. v.: anupālayati (pāl, c. 10.).
     II To delay, put off: q. v.

DEFERENCE:
     1 bahumānaḥ (=regard), out of d. to a good thing: sadvastubahumānāt, V.;
     2 anurodhaḥ (=complaisance), is this d. to the sayings of superiors: kimayaṃ gurujanavacanānurodhaḥ, K. To treat with d.:
     1 bahu manyate (man, c. 4.), Sa.;
     2 anurudhyate, K.

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DEFERENTIAL: v. Respectful, obliging.

DEFERENTIALLY:
     1 sabahumānam;
     2 sapraśrayam (=courteously).

DEFIANCE:
     1 avajñā (=contempt: q. v.);
     2 āhvānam (=challenge: q. v.). Ph.: he, in d. of us: asmānayamatikramya, Mah.

DEFLANT: uddhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Haughty, insolent, fearless.

DEFIANTLY: addhatam, (you) act d. even towards Krishna: harāvapyuddhataṃ ceṣṭase, Ve.: v. Haughtily, insolently.

DEFICIENCY:
     1 abhāvaḥ (=want: q. v.);
     2 nyūnatā (=state of being less);
     3 vaikalyam (=incompleteness), d. of strength: śāktivaikalyam, Ki.

DEFICIENT:
     1 hīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (=wanting: q. v.), d. in limbs: hīnāṅgaḥ (f. ṅgī), Pa.;
     2 nyūnaḥ or ūnaḥ (nā naṃ) (=less) or alpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ) (=little): not of d. fortune: ananarddhi (mfn.), R.; d. in wisdom: alpaprajñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ), V. p.;
     3 vikalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=incomplete), even when the clouds are d.: vikale'pi hi parjanye, H.

DEFICIT: there will be a d. in revenue: rājasvaṃ nyūnaṃ bhavati: v. Wanting.

DEFIER: avamantṛ (m.) (=despiser); atikramakārin (m.) (=transgressor).

DEFILE: (v. t.): dūṣayati (c. of dūṣ), to d. a virgin: kanyāṃ dūṣayati, M. viii. 364: v. To corrupt, polute.

DEFILE (v. i.); daṇḍavyūhena yātrāṃ karoti or yāti (, c. 2.), M. vii. 187.

DEFILE (subs.): sambādha; (?): v. Pass.

DEFILEMENT: dūṣaṇabh: v. Pollution.

DEFILER: dūṣakaḥ, d. of virgin's apartments: kanyāpuradūṣakaḥ, D.

DEFINABLE:
     1 nirvacanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vyākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be explained);
     3 nirūpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be determined).

DEFINE:
     I To end: q. v.
     II To determine: q. v.: nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     III To explain: q. v.
     1 vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), perception is d. d: vyākhayātaṃ pratyakṣam, N. d.;
     2 svarūpaṃ or lakṣaṇaṃ kathayati (=to say: q. v.) or nirūpayati (=to determine).

DEFINITE:
     1 niścitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Certain;
     2 sthitharaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Fixed. Ph.: the d. article: *viśeṣyanirddhārakamavyayam.

DEFINITELY:
     1 niśicitabh: v. Certainly: (a) spaṣṭam: v. Clearly.

DEFINITENESS, DEFINITUDE:
     1 niścayaḥ;
     2 nirṇayaḥ.

DEFINITION:
     1 lakṣaṇavacanam, N. d.;
     2 nirvacanam (-etymological d.), Sr.;
     3 vyākhyā (=explanation).

DEFINITIVE:
     I Definite: q. v.
     II Determining: niścāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

DEFINITIVLY: v. Definitely, positively.

DEFLECT:
     I Trans: vicālayati (c. of cal) (?).
     II Intrans: v. To deviate.

DEFLECTION: v. Deviation.

DEFLORATION: dūṣaṇam, d. of a girl: kanyādūṣaṇam, D.: v. Seduction.

DEFLOWER (v. t.):
     I Lit.: puṣpahīnaṃ (nāṃ) karoti.
     II To deprive: harati (hṛ, c. l.).
     III To defile: q. v.: nāśayati (c. of naś), will seduce and d. this girl: enāṃ bālāṃ vilobhya nāśayiṣyati, D. ii.

DEFLOWERER: dūṣakaḥ, D.

DEFORM (v. t.): virūpayati (rūp, c. 10.): v. To disfigure.

DEFORMED (part. adj.):
     1 virūpaḥ (pā paṃ), d. and eightfold crooked: virūpaṃ vakramaṣṭadhā, V. p.;
     2 anamirūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     3 vikṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), of d. figure: vikṛtākṛti (mfn.), Vi.;
     4 vikalaḥ (lā laṃ) (wanting a limb or limbs).

DEFORMITY: vairūpyam, on account of my d.: vairūpyānmama, D. ii.

DEFRAUD: vañcayate (vañc, c. 10.): v. To cheat, deceive.

DEFRAUDER:
     1 vañcakaḥ pra-;
     2 pratārakaḥ.

DEFRAY: dadāti (, c. 3.) (=to pay: q. v.): v. Also to supply, assist.

DEFRAYMENT: dānam (=payment: q. v.).

DEFT: vāmaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Neat, dexterous. D. ly: vāmam, R.

DEFUNCT: saṃsthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Dead, deceased.

DEFY:
     1 āhvayate: v. To challenge;
     2 tṛṇīkaroti (=to care a straw for), and d. ing those who have assembled: tṛṇīkṛtya ca saṅgatān, Mah.;
     3 atikrāmati (kram c. l.) (=to transgress), d. ing the duties of her caste: atikramya svakuladharmam, D.

DEGENERACY, DEGENERATENESS:
     1 kṣayaḥ (=decay: q. v.);
     2 hāniḥ (=loss: q. v.);
     3 bhraṃśaḥ (fall: q. v.).

DEGENERATE (adj.): Ph.: d. in time: kālavibhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Kal.; d. Kshatriyas: kṣatriyāpasadāḥ, Ve.; d. Brahmin: brahmabandhuḥ, Ana.

DEGENERATE (v.): kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi): v. To decay:
     2 hiyate (pass. of ): v. Inferior, be-;
     3 cyavate (cyu, c. l.): v. To fall.

DEGLUTITION:
     1 gilanam;
     2 grasanam;
     3 gīrṇiḥ.

DEGRADATION:
     I Lit.: *nimnapadāropaṇam, or -lambhanam.
     II Fig.:
     1 kṣayaḥ (=decay);
     2 avamānanā (=disgrace).

DEGRADE:
     I Lit.: *nimnapade kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) or nimnapadaṃ lambhayati (c. of lambh).
     II Fig.: laghūkaroti or laghayati (nomi.), shame on me d. d. by life: māṃ dhiga jīvitalaghūkṛtām, B. To become d. d.:
     1 laghūmavati;
     2 hīyate (pass. of ), H.

DEGREE:
     I Academical: upādhiḥ.
     II Position, rank: q. v.: padam.
     III Grade: q. v. Ph.: by d. s: kramaśaḥ: v. Gradually; 'in the highest d.', 'to ad.': niratiśayam: v. Exceedingly; in some d.: v. Somewhat; in the same d. as: v. Equally.
     IV Of latitude or longitude: *kalā. V. In genealogy: puruṣaḥ, a relation in the third d.: *tripuruṣāntaro bandhuḥ.

DEIFICATION:
     1 devīkaraṇam (rare);
     2 devatvāropaṇam (with loc.).

DEIFIED, TO BE:
     1 devatvam eti;
     2 devībhavati;
     3 tridaśibhavati, R.

DEIFY:
     1 devatvam āropayati (c. of ruh) (with loc.);
     2 devīkaroti.

DEIGN: arhati (arha, c. l.), d. to excuse this: idaṃ viṣoḍhumarhati, Sa. iii.: v. To condescend, please.

DEISM: īśvaravādaḥ (?); īśvaravāditvam (?).

DEIST: īśvaravādin (f. ) (?).

DEISTICAL: Ph.: d. writer: *īśvaravādī lekhakaḥ; d. work: īśvaravādaviṣayako granthaḥ.

DEITY:
     I Divinity: q. v.
     II A god or goddess: q. v.: devatā.
     III The Supreme Being:
     1 īśvaraḥ;
     2 devadevaḥ.

DEJECT (v. t.):
     I Lit.: to cast down: avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II Fig.: to dispirit: viṣaṇṇīkaroti or viṣādaṃ janayati (c. of jan): v. Dejected.

DEJECTED: viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ). To be d.: viṣīdati (sad, c. l.), do not be d.: mā viṣīda, Ch.; d. ly said this: viṣīdannidamabravīt, G.

DEJECTEDLY:
     1 saviṣādam;
     2 viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ);
     3 viṣīdat (f. ntī).

DEJECTEDNESS, DEJECTION:
     1 viṣāda: or viṣaṇṇatā, the demolisher seeing (his) forces in d.: viṣādavaktavyabalaḥ pramāthī, Ki.;
     2 vaimanasyam, Sa.;
     3 paritāpaḥ (=anguish), N. xiii. 54;
     4 nirvedaḥ (=despondency).

DELATE:
     I To carry: q. v.
     II To spread: q. v.
     III To cause: q. v. IV. To manage: q. v.

DELAY (v. t.):
     I To retard: vilambayati (c. of lamb), with wishes, whose fruits were d. ed: vilambitaphalairmanorathaiḥ, R.
     II To put off, prolong: q. v. vilambena karoti.

DELAY (v. i.):
     1 vilambate (lamb, c. l);
     2 cirayati or cirāyate (nomi.), why my men are d. ing: kimiti cirāyate me janaḥ, P.

DELAY (subs.):
     1 vilambaḥ, whether there will be d. in their way: antarā vā gacchatāṃ vilamba utpatsyate na vā, K.; without d.: avilambam or avilambena or avilambitam, Sa.;
     2 vyākṣepaḥ (putting off), R.

DELAYER:
     1 vilambakārin (f. ṇī) (of another);
     2 vilambin (f. ) (lingerer: q. v.)

DELECTABLE: ramyaḥ (myā myaṃ): v. Delightful.

DELECTATION: v. Delight, gratification, amusement.

DELEGATE (v. t.):
     I To depute: q. v.
     II To assign, commit: q. v.

DELEGATE (subs.): pratinidhiḥ: v. Representative commissioner.

DELEGATION:
     I Deputing: niyogaḥ
     II Assigning: arpaṇam.
     III A body of delegates: pratinidhivargaḥ.
     IV In law: pratibhūḥ.

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DELETE (v.):
     1 apa-mārṣṭi or mārjayati nir- vyā-, (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.);
     2 lumpati vi- ava-, (lup, c. 6.)

DELETERIOUS:
     1 prāṇaharaḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 prāṇanāśin (f. );
     3 jīvitāpahaḥ (hā haṃ).

DELF:
     I Mine: q. v.
     II Earthenware: mṛdbhāṇḍam (?).

DELIBERATE (v.): vi-mṛśati parā-, (mṭaś, c. 6.): v. Consider;
     2 mantrayati saṃ-, (mantr, c. 10.): v. To consult.

DELIBERATE (adj.):
     I Circumspect: q. v.: dhīraḥ (rā raṃ). D-ly resolved:
     1 niścitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Certain;
     2 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Constant. Ph.: of d. intention: dhru vecchaḥ (cchā cchaṃ), Ku.; to commit d. crimes: kāmataḥ pāpāni karoti, Pa.
     III Slow: q. v.

DELIBERATELY:
     I Circumspectly:
     1 samīkṣya;
     2 vimṛśya.
     II Intentionally: kāmata: Ph.: d. cruel: pratipattiniṣṭhuraḥ, R. III. Slowly: q. v.

DELIBERATENESS:
     I Of men:
     1 dhīratā;
     2 samīkṣyakāritā.
     II Of acts: expr. by circumlo: v. Deliberate (II).

DELIBERATION:
     1 mantraṇā or mantraḥ ṇam-, but wisdom and not valour is required in d.: prajñā tu mantre'dhikṛtā na śauryam, B.;
     2 vimarśaḥ: v. Consideration.

DELIBERATIVE: Ph.: "the d. body": mantrimaṇḍalam.

DELICACY:
     I Of flavour, odour, etc.:
     1 mādhuryam.
     II Fineness: saukumāryam, from great d.: atisaukumāryat, M. n.
     III Elegance: lālityam.
     IV Of manners: atyādaraḥ. V. Of character: mārdavam.
     VI Luxury; self-indulgence: q. v.
     VII A dainty: viśiṣṭabhojanam.

DELICATE:
     I Delightful: q. v.: lalitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Pleasing to the senses: madhuraḥ (rā raṃ), d. meat: madhuraṃ māṃsam, Bha.
     III Fine, soft, feeble:
     1 sukumāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 komalaḥ (lā laṃ), with d. limbs: komalairaṅgaiḥ, S.
     IV Refined, polite: q. v.
     V Luxurious: q. v.
     VI Of subjects, difficult: viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     VII Nice, critical: q. v.

DELICATELY: v. Softly, nicely, delightfully.

DELICATENESS: v. Delicacy.

DELICIOUS:
     1 svādu (mfn.) (to the taste), fruits d. as the nectar: amṛtarasasvāduni phalāni, K.;
     2 lalitaḥ (tā taṃ) (tender, fine), very d. flesh: sulalitaṃ māṃsam, H.;
     3 madhuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Sweet, pleasant.

DELICIOUSLY: v. Delightfully.

DELICIOUSNESS:
     1 susvādutā;
     2 lālityam.

DELIGHT (subs.):
     I Pleasure: q. v.:
     1 āhvādaḥ;
     2 pramodaḥ.
     II That which gives d.:
     1 āhvādanam;
     2 ānandanam.

DELIGHT (v. i.), DELIGHTED, TO BE:
     1 hṛṣyati saṃ- pra-, (hṛṣ, c. 4.), with a d. ed face: prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ (nā naṃ), K.;
     2 tuṣyati pari- saṃ-, (tuṣ, c. 4.), was d. ed to see the beauty of the rice crop: kalamasya rāmaṇīyakaṃ paśyan tutoṣa, Ki.;
     3 modate pra-, (mud, c. 4.), Kāmandakī (always) d. s in Mālatī: bhālati mālatīti modate kāmandakī, Ma.;
     4 hlādate saṃ- pra- ā-, (hlād, c. l. (rare).

DELIGHT (v. t.):
     1 ā-hlādayati pra- saṃ-, (c. of hlād), d. s the tongue: rasanāmāhlādayati, K.;
     2 ramayati abhi-, (c. of ram), whom does not a woman d.: kaṃ na nārī ramayati, Ka.: v. To please.

DELGHTFUL:
     1 ramyaḥ (myā myaṃ) or ramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), whichever country may be d.: ramyo yo deśaḥ, Mah.;
     2 ā-hlādanaḥ pra-, (nī naṃ), d. to the eye: āhlādanaṃ dṛṣṭeḥ, K.;
     3 saṃhlādina (f. ), even the name of women is d.: nāmāpi strīti saṃhlādi, K.;
     4 pramodin (f. ): v. Charming, pleasing, sweet.

DELIGHTFULLY: expr. by circumlo., d. cool: suśītalaḥ (lā laṃ).

DELIGHTFULNESS:
     1 ramyatā;
     2 ramaṇīyatā: v. Pleasantness, sweetness.

DELINEATE:
     I To skekS, draw: q. v.: likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     II To describe: q. v.: varṇayati (varṇ c. 10.).

DELINEATION:
     I A drawing: q. v.
     II Description: q. v. varṇanā.

DELINQUENCY:
     1 doṣaḥ: v. Fault, offence;
     2 vyatikramaḥ: v. Transgression.

DELINQUENT: aparādhin (f. ): v. Offender, guilty.

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DELIRIOUS: bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) or bhrāntācittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).

DELIRIUM : bhramaḥ or manasaḥ sambhramaḥ, Bha.

DELIVER:
     I To release, rescue: q. v.: mocayati (c. of muc) or mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.), to d. my friend: suhṛdaḥ parimokṣaṇāya, Mr. iv.
     II To make over: arpayati sam-, (c. of ), d. ed two letters: lekhadvitayamarpayāmbabhūva, K.; d. ing Patralekhā to Meghanāda: patralekhāṃ meghanādāya samarpya, K.: v. To give. Ph.: d. (this) back to him: [idaṃ] tasmai pratiniryātaya, Mr. iv.: v. To give back.
     III To utter, pronounce: q. v.:
     1 udīrayati (īr, c. 10.);
     2 kathayati (kath, c. 10.) (to tell), d. Kādambari's message: kathaya kādambaryāḥ sandeśam, K.;
     3 āvedayati ni-, (c. of vid) (=to d. respectfully), d. ed the return message: pratisandeśamāvedayat, D. i.
     IV To discharge (of missiles): q. v.: muñcati (muc c. 6.).
     V In childbirth: garbhaṃ mocayati, P. A woman who has recently d. ed: navaprasūtā: v. To bring forth.

DELIVERANCE:
     1 mocanam;
     2 uddhāraḥ;
     3 mokṣaḥ -ṇam;
     4 parimokṣaṇam;
     5 nistāraḥ;
     6 muktiḥ: v. Release, rescue.

DELIVERER:
     I Rescuer:
     1 mocakaḥ;
     2 mokṣakaḥ pari-;
     3 nistārakaḥ;
     4 uddhartṛ (m.).
     II Announcer:
     1 vijñāpakaḥ;
     2 āvedakaḥ.

DELIVERY:
     I Deliverance: q. v.
     II Making over:
     1 arpaṇam;
     2 samarpaṇam;
     3 niryātanam (of trusts, etc.).
     III Childbirth: q. v.: garbhamocanam. House of d.: sūtikāgṛhabh.
     IV Utterance: q. v.:
     1 vyāhāraḥ;
     2 vijñaptiḥ (of message).

DELL: darī: v. Dale.

DELTA: tribhujākārabhūbhiḥ; *trimukham.

DELUDE:
     I To deceive: q. v.: sammohayati (c. of muh).
     II To frustrate: q. v. D. ing: v. Delusive.

DELUDER: v. Deceiver.

DELUGE (subs.):
     I Universal d.: pralayāplāvaḥ, Si.; ābhūtasaṃplavaḥ, Mat.
     II Inundation, flood: q. v.:
     1 āplāvaḥ;
     2 saṃplavaḥ.
     III Fig.: perh. saṃplavaḥ, "fiery d.": agnisaṃplavaḥ (?).

DELUGE (v. t.): plāvayati ā- vi- abhi-, (c. of pla) (lit. and fig.), d. ed Dwārakā: dvārakāṃ plāvayāmāsa, V. p.: v. To drown.

DELUSION:
     I Illusion: q. v.: mohaḥ.
     II Deception: q. v.: vañcanā.

DELUSIVE: mithyā (=false: q. v.).

DELVE (v.):
     I To dig: q. v.
     II To fathom: q. v.

DEMAGOGUE: *prākṛtanāyakaḥ; itaralokaśāsakaḥ.

DEMAND (v.):
     I To ask: q. v.:
     1 yācate (yāc, c. l.);
     2 by circumlo., d. ed the balance from the merchant: śreṣṭhinamuvāca dīyatāṃ me tuleti, P. i. 21.
     II To call for: Ph.: it d. s careful enquiry: nipuṇamidamanusandheyam; the case d. s your special attention: asminviṣaye tvayā viśeṣeṇāvadhānaṃ deyam or viśeṣeṇāvahitena bhavitavyam.
     III To summon: q. v.

DEMAND (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 anuyogaḥ;
     2 prārthanā (=asking). Ph.: a debt should be paid on d.: ṛṇaṃ yācamānāya dātavyam, Vri.
     II Query: anuyogaḥ.
     III Want: *īpsā, horses are in great d. now: *idānīmaśvepsā prabalā.
     IV That which may be d. ed: prāpyam (?), arrear d.: avaśiṣṭaprāpyam.

DEMARKATION: Ph.: a line of d.: pratibhāgasīmā: v. Boundary.

DEMEAN (v.):
     I To behave: q. v.
     II To debase: q. v.

DEMEANOUR: ceṣṭā: v. Behaviour, mien.

DEMENTED, DEMENTATE (adj.): unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Mad.

DEMERIT: doṣaḥ: v. Fault.

DEMESNE: bhūmīśvarāṇāṃ svahastasthā bhūmiḥ.

DEMIGOD:
     1 upadevaḥ;
     2 devayoniḥ.

DEMIGODDESS:
     1 upadevī;
     2 devayoni: (f.).

DEMISE (v.):
     I To bequeath: q. v.: samarpayati (c. of ).
     II To lease: q. v.

DEMISE (subs.):
     I Death: uparamaḥ, on the d. of the owner: svāmyoparame, Da. On the d. of the king: ūrddhaṃ or divaṃ gate (=gone to heaven) rājñi, Kal.
     II Transference: q. v.: samarpaṇam (?); hastāntarīkaraṇam (?).

DEMOCRACY: prajātantram (?); prajāśāsanam (?).

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DEMOCRAT: *prajātantrin (f. ṇī). prajātantravādin (f. ).

DEMOCRATICAL: *prajātantrīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Ph.: d. people: *prajātantravādinaḥ.

DEMOCRATICALLY: *prajātantrānusāreṇa, and sim. comp. s.

DEMOLISH: dhvaṃsayati vi- pra-, (c. of dhvaṃs): v. To destroy.

DEMOLISHER: vidhvaṃsakaḥ: v. Destroyer.

DEMOLITION: dhvaṃsaḥ vi- pra-: v. Destruction.

DEMON:
     1 daityaḥ or dānavaḥ (=titan);
     2 rākṣasaḥ (=goblin?);
     3 piśācaḥ (=fiend);
     4 bhūtaḥ (=ghost).

DEMONIAC (subs.):
     1 āviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), K.;
     2 bhūtādhiṣṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.

DEMONIAC,-AL (adj.):
     1 paiśācaḥ (cī caṃ);
     2 rākṣasaḥ (sī saṃ).

DEMONSTRABLE:
     1 sādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ);
     2 pratipādanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 upapādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ).

DEMONSTRABLY: expr. by adj., this is d. false: *asyālīkatā sādhyā.

DEMONSTRATE:
     I To exhibit: pradarśayati (c. of dṛś), S. II. To establish, prove q. v.: sādhayati (c. of sādh).

DEMONSTRATION:
     I Proof: q. v.: sādhanam.
     II Exhibiton: pradarśanam.

DEMONSTRATIVE:
     I Lit.:
     1 sādhakaḥ (f. dhikā);
     2 pradarśakaḥ (f. rśikā).
     II Frank: q. v.

DEMONSTRATIVELY: v. Clearly, certainly, openly.

DEMORALIZATION:
     I Corruption: dharmabhraṣṭatā.
     II Of discipline: śāsanātikramaḥ (?).

DEMORALIZE: vikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To corrupt.

DEMULCENT: dāhaghnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ) or dāhanud (mfn.), Bha.: v. Soothing.

DEMUR (v.):
     I To delay, pause: q. v.
     II In law: *pratīpavādaṃ karoti.

DEMUR (subs.):
     1 vilambaḥ: v. Delay;
     2 virāmaḥ: v. Pause.

DEMURE: śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ): v. Grave, modest.

DEMURELY:
     1 śāntam;
     2 praśāntam: v. Gravely, modestly.

DEMURENESS: praśāntiḥ, K.: v. Gravity, modesty.

DEMURRAGE:
     I Detention of a vessel beyond the prescribed time (?):
     II Payment for it: *vilambadeyamḥ.

DEMURRER: in law; *pratīpavādaḥ.

DEN:
     I Lit:
     1 vivaram;
     2 bilam, bear's d.: ṛkṣabilam, V. p.: v. Cave.
     II Fig.: haunt: q. v.

DENARY (adj.):
     1 daśakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 daśin (f. ).

DENIABLE:
     1 pratyākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 asvīkāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ): v. To deny.

DENIAL:
     1 asvīkāraḥ;
     2 apahnavaḥ;
     3 apahnu tiḥ;
     4 apalāpaḥ;
     5 pratyākhyānam.

DENIER:
     I Lit.:
     1 asvīkartṛ (f. trī);
     2 apahrotṛ (f. trī);
     3 apalāpin (f. ).
     II A small coin: varāṭikā.

DENIZEN:
     I A naturalized citizen: *kṛtapauraḥ.
     II A dweller: q. v.: nivāsin (m.) Ph.: d. of heaven: divaukas (m.).

DENOMINATE: abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To name, designate.

DENOMINATION:
     I Name, epithet: q. v.: abhidheyam.
     II Sect: q. v.: gaṇaḥ.

DENOMINATOR:
     I Lit.: nāmakṛt.
     II In arith.: chedaḥ, having the same d.: samacchedaḥ (dā daṃ), Li.; reduction to a common d.: savarṇam, Li.

DENOTATION; nirdeśaḥ (=pointing out); arthaḥ (=meaning).

DENOTE:
     I To mark, point: q. v.: nirdiśāti (diś, c. 6.).
     II To mean, signify: q. v.: expr. by artha, here the word artha d. s. succession: atrārthaśabda ānantaryārthaḥ, S.

DENOUEMENT:
     I Of a drama:
     1 niṣṭhā;
     2 nirvahaṇam.

DENOUNCE:
     I To announce: q. v.:
     II To stigmatize, accuse:
     1 abhiśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. l.);
     2 adhikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

DENOUNCEMENT:
     I Announcement: q. v.
     II Accusation: abhiśaṃsanam.

DENOUNCER:
     1 abhiśaṃsakaḥ;
     2 adhikṣepakaḥ.

DENSE:
     1 ghanaḥ (nā naṃ), d. dews: ghananīhāraḥ, Ki.;
     2 niviḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ), d. union: niviḍasaṃyogaḥ, J.;
     3 sāndraḥ (ndrā ndraṃ), to make d.: sāndrīkaroti, R.;
     4 aviralaḥ (lā laṃ) (=close);
     5 nirantaraḥ (rā raṃ) or nirantarālaḥ (lā laṃ); (=without any intervening space).

DENSELY:
     1 dhanam;
     2 niviḍam;
     3 sāndram;
     4 aviralam.

DENSITY:
     1 ghanatvam;
     2 niviḍatā;
     3 sāndratā, etc.

DENTAL:
     I Adj.: dantyaḥ (ntyā ntyaṃ).
     II Subs.: dantyam dantyavarṇaḥ.

DENTATE:
     1 dantin (f. );
     2 danturaḥ (rā raṃ).

DENTICULATED: sūkṣmadantin (f. ) (?).

DENTIFRICE:
     1 dantaśodhanacūrṇam (=tooth powder);
     2 dantapāvanam, Sr.

DENTIST: *dantavaidyaḥ dāntikaḥ.

DENTISTRY: *dantacikitsā; dāntikavidyā.

DENTITION:
     1 dantodbhedaḥ;
     2 dantanirgamaḥ.

DENUDATE, DENUDE: nagnīkaroti: v. To strip, uncover.

DENUDATION:
     1 nagnīkaraṇam;
     2 śūnyīkaraṇam (=emptying).

DENUNCIATION:
     1 abhiśaṃsanam;
     2 adhikṣepaḥ abhiśāpaḥ.

DENY (v. t.):
     I To gainsay, disown:
     1 na svīkaroti, etc. (=not acknowledge: q. v.), if any one were to d. the authority of inference: yadi kaścit prāmāṇyamanumānasya nāṅgīkuryāt, D. s.;
     2 apa- hnute ni-, (hnu, c. 2.), and who (first) specifies and (then) d. s: nirdiśyāpahnu te ca yaḥ, M.;
     3 pratyākhvyāti (khyā, c. 2.), it cannot be d. ed that by devotion one can get divinity: yoga aiśvaryaprāptiphalako na śakyate pratyākhyātum, S.
     II To refuse, withhold: q. v. Ph.: to d. one's self: ātmānaṃ saṃyavcchati (yam, c. l.): v. Self-denial.

DEODAND: *devadeyam.

DEPART (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pratiṣṭhate sam-, (sthā, c. l.) (on a journey), d. ed for Hariprastha: hariprasthaṃ pratasthe, Si. iii. 1.;
     2 apakrāmati (kram, c. l.) (=to go away: q. v.), d. ed from the city: nagarādapakrāntaḥ, Mu. i. Ph.: my parents have d. ed me for the hermitage: māṃ parityajya tapovanaṃ yātau pitarau, Na. i.: v. To leave, one whose life is d. ed: vigatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.; to d. this life (=to die: q. v.): paralokaṃ gacchati.
     II Ph.: did not d. a line from the beaten track: kṣuṇṇādvartmano rekhāmātramapi navyatīyuḥ, R.; d. ed from virtue: dharmabhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III To pass away, vanish, set: q. v.

DEPARTED (adj.): i. e. dead: q. v.
     1 divaṃ gataḥ (tā taṃ) (i. e. gone to heaven; of great men), Raj.;
     2 paralokagataḥ (tā taṃ), Mu.

DEPARTMENT: vibhāgaḥ (in all senses).

DEPARTURE:
     I Lit.:
     1 prasthānam;
     2 prayāṇam.
     II Death: q. v. paralokagamanam.
     III Deviation: q. v.: vyatikramaḥ.
     IV Desertion: q. v.: tyāgaḥ.

DEPEND:
     I To hang: q. v.:
     II To be dependant on:
     1 adhīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (in comp. or with loc.), for what have stoics to d. on us: asmāsvadhīnaṃ kimu nispṛhāṇām, Ki. iii. 9.; pleasure d. s. on you: tvadadhīnaṃ sukham, Ku.;
     2 āyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (in comp. or with loc.), as the fruits of agriculture d. on you: tvayyāyattaṃ kṛṣiphalamiti, Me. i. 16.; whose life d. s entirely on water: jalaikāyattajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ), M. n.;
     3 nighnaḥ (ghnā ghnaṃ) (with loc.) (rare),
     4 -tantra in comp. (rare), as it d. s. on (the will of) man: puruṣatantratvāt, S. i. 4.
     III To rely on: q. v.: viśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.) (with loc.). Ph.: d. upon it: dhruvametadavehi, Ki.

DEPENDENCE:
     I Suspension: q. v.
     II Connexion: q. v.: sambandhaḥ.
     III Reliance: q. v.: viśvāsa.
     IV A state of subjection:
     1 adhīnatā;
     2 āyattatā;
     3 nighnatā (rare). V. That on which one depends:
     1 āśrayaḥ;
     2 avalambanam.

DEPENDENCY:
     I Dependence: q. v.
     II A dependant state: adhīnarāṣṭram; England's d. s: iṃlaṇḍādhīnarāṣṭrāṇi.

DEPENDENT or DEPENDANT (adj.):
     I Hanging down: pralambaḥ (mbā mbaṃ).
     II Subject to:
     1 adhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 āyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. To depend (II). D. on another:
     1 parādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 parāyattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     3 paravaśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     4 pratantraḥ (ntrā ntraṃ);
     5 paravat (f. ), N.

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DEPENDENT (subs.):
     1 anujīvin (f. ), d. s of Suyodhana: suyodhanānujīvinaḥ, Ve.
     2 āśritaḥ (tā taṃ), my d. s: mamāśritān, H.: v. Also servant, attendant.

DEPICT:
     I To paint: q. v.: citrayati (citr c. 10.).
     II To describe: q. v.: varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.).

DEPILATE: apalomaṃ (māṃ,) karoti, skinned and d. d: apalomatvac (mfn.), D.

DEPILATION:
     1 lomāpanayanam, etc.:
     2 keśaluñcanam (of the hair on the head), D.

DEPILATORY: lomāpahaḥ (hā haṃ): keśaharaḥ (rī raṃ) (?).

DEPLETE:
     I To empty: q. v.
     II To exhaust: q. v.

DEPLORABLE: śocanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Lamentable.

DEPLORABLENESS: śocanīyatā: v. Misery.

DEPLORABLY: v. Miserably, exceedingly.

DEPLORE: śocati anu-, (śuc, c. l.): v. To lament, bewail.

DEPLOY: vistārayati (c. of stṛ): v. To extend, display.

DEPONENT:
     I A witness: q. v.: sākṣin (f. ṇī).
     II A verb: expr. by ātmanepadam (?).

DEPOPULATE:
     1 nirjanīkaroti;
     2 nirmānuṣīkaroti;
     3 śūnyīkaroti (=empty), d. the town: nagaraṃ śūnyaṃ kuru, Vet.: v. To desolate, ravage.

DEPOPULATION:
     1 nirjanīkaraṇam;
     2 nirmānuṣīkaraṇam: v. Desolation.

DEPOPULATOR: expr. by verb.

DEPORT v.:
     I To transport, banish: q. v.: nirvāsayati (c. of vas).
     II To behave: q. v.: vyavaharati (hṛ, c. l.).

DEPORTATION: nirvāsanam: v. Banishment, transportation.

DEPORTMENT: vyavahāraḥ: v. Behaviour.

DEPOSE (v.):
     I To dethrone: rājyāt or rāṣṭrād avaropayati (c. of ruh) or pātayati (c. of pat), Khāṇḍikya was d. d by Keshidhwaja: keśidhvajena khāṇḍikyaḥ svarāṣṭrādavaropitaḥ, V. p.
     II To dismiss: q. v.
     III To bear testimony:
     1 sākṣyaṃ dadāti (=give evidence);
     2 vadati vakti, etc. (=to say: when the meaning is clear), d. falsely: anṛtaṃ vadati, V. s.

DEPOSIT (v.): nikṣipati (kṣip c. l.): v. To lay down, entrust.

DEPOSIT (subs.):
     I Pledge: q. v.: nikṣepaḥ.
     II Sediment: q. v.

DEPOSITARY:
     1 nikṣepagrāhakaḥ;
     2 nyāsagrahītṛ (m.): v. Trustee, pledgee.

DEPOSITION:
     I The act of dethroning: rājyātpātanam or avaropaṇam.
     II The state of being dethroned: rājyabhraṃśaḥ rājyacyutiḥ.
     III Dismissal: q. v.
     IV Testimony:
     1 uktiḥ (=saying);
     2 sākṣyam (=evidence). V. Depositing:
     1 nikṣepaḥ -ṇam;
     2 nyāsaḥ or nyasanam.
     VI Presentation: q. v.

DEPOSITOR:
     1 nikṣeptṛ (f. ptrī);
     2 nyāsakartṛ (f. rtrī).

DEPOSITORY:
     1 āśayaḥ;
     2 ādhāraḥ (=receptacle);
     3 nidhiḥ (only in fig. sense).

DEPOT:
     I A warehouse: q. v.
     II A military d.: sainyaniveśaḥ (?).

DEPRAVATION: dūṣaṇam: v. Corruption, perversion.

DEPRAVE:
     I To corrupt: q. v.: dūṣayati.
     II To defame: q. v.

DEPRAVED: of men:
     1 pāmaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 khaṇḍitavṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     3 durācāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 durātman (mfn.).

DEPRAVITY:
     1 durācāratā;
     2 daurjanyam;
     3 daurātmyam.

DEPRECATE:
     I Lit.: śāntaye or śāntimadhikṛtya īśvaram upacchandayati (chand, c. 10.).
     II To regret: q. v.: anuśocayati (śuc, c. l.).
     III To censure: q. v.

DEPRECATION:
     I Prayer: stavaḥ.
     II Begging pardon: kṣamāprārthanā.
     III Curse: śāpaḥ.

DEPRECATORY: śāntimadhikṛtya, R.; to perform d. rites: śāntiṃ karoti, Vi.

DEPRECIATE:
     1 apavadati (vad, c. 1.);
     2 avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

DEPRECIATION:
     1 apavādaḥ;
     2 avakṣepaḥ: v. Disparagement, detraction. D. (i. e. fall in price): arghasya hrāsaḥ, Vy.

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DEPREDATE:
     1 upa-dravati abhi-, (dru, c. l.), d. d Prāgjyotisha (Gauhati) prāgjyotiṣamupādravat, Mah.; the gods d. d by Rāvaṇa: paulastyopadrutā devāḥ, R.
     2 upaplavate (plu, c. l.),: v. Also to plunder.

DEPREDATION:
     1 upadravaḥ;
     2 upaplavaḥ, for committing d. s on people: lokānāmupaplavāya, Ku.: v. Also to plunder.

DEPREDATOR:
     1 upadravakārin (m.);
     2 upaplavakārin (m.);
     3 viprakartṛ (m.).

DEPRESS (v.):
     I Lit.: to press down: pātayati (c. of pat).
     II To humble: laghūkaroti.
     III To deject, discourage:
     1 viṣādaṃ or vaimanasyaṃ janayati;
     2 khedayati (c. of khid).

DEPRESSION:
     I Lit.: pātanam.
     II A cavity: bilam, the face is coverd with d. s.: valibhirmukhamākrāntam, J.
     III Humiliation: q. v.
     IV Of spirits: sattvabhraṃśaḥ, Vi.: v. Defection, despondency.

DEPRIVATION:
     1 haraṇam;
     2 viyogaḥ: v. To deprive.

DEPRIVE (v.):
     1 harati apa-, (hṛ, c. l.) (=to take away: q. v.), say what has not been taken away by death by d. ing me of you: mṛtyunā haratā tvāṃ vada kiṃ na me hṛtam, R.;
     2 viyojayati or -yuṃkte (yuj, c. 10 and 7.) (=to disunite, separate), d. d of his life: prāṇairviyojitaḥ (tā taṃ), D.;
     3 vinākaroti (=2), d. d of Cupid: madanena vinākṛtā, Ku.;
     4 hāpayati (c. of ) (=cause to leave), or will be soon d. d of his life: prāṇairvā hāpyate'cirāt, A. r.: v. Also devoid of.

DEPTH: Lit.:
     1 gabhīratā;
     2 gāmbhīryam, (we) get the d. of water: labdhaṃ jalagāmbhīryam, Li.
     II Fig.:
     1 gabhīratā;
     2 gāmbhīryam: v. Deep.
     III A deep: q. v.: Ph.: in the d. of night: vigāḍhāyāṃ śarvaryām, C.

DEPUTATION:
     I The act:
     1 preraṇam (=sending);
     2 niyogaḥ (=employing).
     II The person or persons deputed:
     1 pratinidhiḥ, I am sent as his d.: svapratinidhiḥ preṣito'smi, B. r.;
     2 dūtaḥ (=ambassador), (the king) Bhoja sent a d. to Raghu: bhojena dūto raghave visṛṣṭaḥ, R.

DEPUTE:
     1 prerayati (īra, c. 1.): v. To send;
     2 niyuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.): v. To employ.

DEPUTY:
     1 pratinidhiḥ;
     2 pratihastaḥ -kaḥ. D. -collector: *pratinidhikaranāyakaḥ.

DERANGE: kṣobhayati vi-, (c. of kṣum): v. To disturb, confuse. D. d (in mind) unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Insane.

DERANGEMENT:
     I Confusion: q. v.: vikṣobhaḥ.
     II Insanity: q. v.

DERELICTION: tyāgaḥ: v. Abandonment, neglect.

DERIDE: avahasati upa- apa-, (has, c. l.): v. To laugh at, ridicule.

DERIDER:
     1 upahāsakaḥ;
     2 avahāsakaḥ;
     3 apahāsakaḥ.

DERIDING, DERIDINGLY: v. Derisive, derisively.

DERISION:
     1 upahāsaḥ;
     2 avahāsaḥ: v. Ridicule, mockery.

DERISIVE:
     1 sopahāsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 sāvahāsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     3 apahāsagarbhaḥ (rbhā rbhaṃ).

DERISIVELY:
     1 sopahāsam;
     2 sāvahāsam;
     3 sāpahāsama. Ph.: d. and contemptuously: avahasyāvamanya ca, Mah.

DERIVATION:
     I Lit.: of words, etc.: vyutpattiḥ.
     II That which is derived: śākhā, "artificial d.": kṛtrimaśākhā.

DERIVATIVE (subs.): vyutpannaśabdaḥ (?).

DERIVE v.:
     I To draw from: Ph.: the race d. d from the sun: sūryaprabhavo vaṃśaḥ, R.; one who is d. d from Virasena: vorasenodbhūtiḥ, N.: v. Origin, arising from. II. Of words: vyutpattiṃ vadati (vad, c. l.): v. To say. To be d. d: vyutpadyate (pad, c. 4), as being d. d in the passive sense: karmavyutpannatayā, Da. com.

DEROGATE:
     I To detract, disparage: q. v.
     II To restrict: q. v.

DEROGATION: avamānanā: v. Detraction, insult.

DEROGATORY: expr. by subs., this is d. to God: *idamīśvarasyāvamānanā: v. Detraction, insult.

DERVISE: *mahammadīyayatiḥ or saṃnyāsin (m.).

DESCANT (v.):
     I To sing: q. v.
     II To comment: vistareṇa vadati (vad, c. l.), vakti (vac, c. 2.), etc.

DESCANT (subs.)
     I To songs: q. v.: gītam.
     II A discourse:
     1 vāgjālam, Si. ii. 27.;
     2 vāgāḍambaraḥ, M. n.

DECEND:
     I Lit.:
     1 avatarati (tṝ, c. l) (=to d. wilfully), d. ed from the sky: jyotiṣpathādavatatāra, R. xii. 68.;
     2 avarohati (ruh, c. l.) (=avatarati), as if d. ing from the summits of mountains: śailānāmavarohatīva śikharāt, Sa. vii. 8.;
     3 avapatati (pat, c. l.) (=to d. irrespective of one's own will), caught the d. ing (ball) in the air: avapatantamākāśa evāgrahīt, D. vi.
     II Fig.: avatarati, then why d. ing into the consideration of.. tatra kuto...cintāvatāraḥ, S.
     III To make an attack: v. Descent (II).
     IV To come down: āgacchati (gam, c. l.).

DESCENDANT: santatiḥ: v. Offspring. D. s: putrapautrāḥ (pl.).

DESCENDED: i. e. derived:
     1 by a deriv., d. from Yadu: yādavaḥ; d. from Puru: pauravaḥ;
     2 jātaḥ (tā taṃ) (=born: q. v.);
     3 udbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) (rare).

DESCENDING (adj.): Ph.: d. scale: *avarohapaddhatiḥ; d. node: pātaḥ.

DESCENT:
     I Lit.:
     1 avataraṇam or avatāraḥ, as if to tell the news of Minerva's d.: sarasvatyavataraṇavārttamiva kathayitum, C.;
     2 avarohaḥ -ṇam;
     3 avapātaḥ (falling);
     4 adhogatiḥ (=going downwards).
     II Attack: q. v.: we made a d. on Vindhyaketu: vindhyaketorupari nipatitāḥ sma, Pri. III. Lineage, birth: q. v.: princes of noble d.: kulajāḥ kumārāḥ, N.
     IV Issue: santatiḥ. V. A declivity, slope: avasarpiṇī (bhūmiḥ), Mat.

DESCRIBE (v. t.):
     I To draw: likhati (likh, c. 6.), to d. a circle: maṇḍalaṃ likhati, Su.
     II To give a description of:
     1 varṇayati upa- anu- saṃ-, (varṇ, c. 10.), she has d. d her dream: svapnadarśanamanayā varṇitam, Ve. ii.; d. s Himālaya in sixteen verses: ṣoḍaśambhiḥ ślokairhimādriṃ varṇayati, M. n.;
     2 vyā-khyāti (khyā, c. 2.) (to d. and explain), At.;
     3 ā-khyāti: v. To narrate, say.

DESCRIBER: varṇayitṛ (f. trī), upa- anu- saṃ-.

DESCRIPTION: varṇanā -nam upa- saṃ-, d. of Shankaravarman: śaṅkaravarmaṇo varṇanam, B. r.: v. Also narration.

DESCRY: paśyati (dṛś, c. l.): To see, discover.

DESECRATE:
     1 apavitrīkaroti;
     2 dūṣayati.

DESECRATION:
     1 apavitrīkaraṇam;
     2 dūṣaṇam.

DESERT (adj.):
     1 vijanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Solitary;
     2 khilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Waste.

DESERT (subs.):
     I A waste place:
     1 marubhūmiḥ;
     2 dhanvan (m.) (rare). Ph.: a sandy d.: vālukārṇavaḥ, Mah.
     II Merit: q. v.: guṇaḥ, d. and not acquaintance: guṇā na saṃstavaḥ, Ki.

DESERT (v.): tyajati pari- saṃ-, (tyaj, c. l.), servants d. a master when his fortune is gone: bhṛtyāstyajanti pracalitavibhavaṃ svāminam, Mu.;
     2 jahāti vi- apa-, (, c. 3.); d. ing a dear wife: apahāya priyāṃ bhāryām, Mah.;
     3 utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.), d. ing a sleeping (woman) in the forest: utsṛjya vipine suptām, Mah.

DESERTER:
     I Lit.: tyāgin (m.).
     II A soldier or seaman: *niyogatyāgin (m.).

DESERTION:
     I Lit.:
     1 tyāgaḥ pari-;
     2 utsargaḥ.
     II Military: *niyogatyāgaḥ niyogādapasaraṇam.

DESERVE (v.): arhati (arh, c. l.), d. s death: vadhamarhati, M.; d. s snakebite: arhati sarpadaṃśanam, Mal.: v. Deserving, deserving of.

DESERVEDLY:
     1 yogyatayā;
     2 arhatayā.

DESERVING (adj.):
     1 yogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ), to the most d.: yogyatamāya, Ki. iv. 26.;
     2 upayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     3 arhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ).

DESERVING OF:
     1 often by a part. in ya, d. of compassion anukampyaḥ (mpyā mpyaṃ) R.; d. of death: vadhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ), R.;
     2 by words given above: d. of death: vadhārhaḥ (rhā rhaṃ), M.

DESERVINGLY:
     1 yogyatayā;
     2 arhatayā.

DESHABILLE: in d.: ekavastraḥ (f. strā), Mah.: v. Undress.

DESICCATE:
     I To dry: q. v.: śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ).
     II To become dry: (śuṣyati (śuṣ, c. 4.).

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DESICCATION: śoṣaṇam: v. Drying.

DESIDERATE: v. To want, need.

DESIDERATIVE:
     1 icchārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 sanantaḥ (ntā taṃ) (of Sanskrit d. s).

DESIDERATUM: abhāvaḥ (=want).

DESIGN (v. t.):
     I To draw, delineate: q. v.
     II To indicate: q. v.
     III To project: q. v.: kalpayati pari- saṃ-, (kaḷpa, c. 10.).
     IV To intend, purpose: q. v.: kalpayati pari- saṃ-.

DESIGN (subs.):
     I A skekS: q. v.: sūtrapātaḥ.
     II Device, plot: q. v.: mantraṇā.
     III Intention, purpose: q. v.: āśayaḥ, my d.: madāśayaḥ, Mu.
     IV Of medals etc.: gaṭhanam (?).

DESIGNATE:
     I To name: q. v.: ākhyāti (khyā, c. 2).
     II To nominate, elect: q. v.

DESIGNATION:
     I Name: q. v.: ākhyā, got the d. of Aparṇā aparṇākhyāmavāpa, S. p.
     II Appointment, selection: q. v.: niyogaḥ.
     III Signification: q. v.: arthaḥ.

DESIGNEDLY:
     1 kāmataḥ (=intentionally);
     2 jñānataḥ (=knowingly).

DESIGNER:
     I In good sense: *rūpodbhāvakaḥ; gaṭhanakalpakaḥ.
     II A schemer, plotter: q. v.

DESIGNING:
     1 caturaḥ (rā raṃ) (=artful);
     2 upajāpin (f. ) (=intriguing).

DESIRABLE:
     1 abhilaṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vāñchanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 ākāṅkṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 eṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare).

DESIRABILITY, DESIRABLENESS:
     1 vāñchaṇīyatā;
     2 better by adj.: v. Desirable.

DESIRE (subs.):
     1 icchā, although I have not satisfied your d.: anicchāpūrako'pi, Sa. iii.;
     2 abhilāṣaḥ, d. for Tilottamā: tilottamāyāmabhilāṣaḥ, D. ii.;
     2 vāñchā, d. rises from it: tato vāñchā pravartate, H.;
     4 manoratha: (wish: q. v.);
     5 kāmanā (=wish);
     6 spṛhā (=longing: q. v.);
     7 kāmaḥ (often =lust);
     8 by desi. noun, d. to see: didṛkṣā;
     9 iṣṭam (=object of d.), be united with your d.: iṣṭena yujyasva, Sa.

DESIRE (v. t.):
     I To wish, long for: q. v.:
     1 icchati (iṣa, c. 6.);
     2 by desi. verb, d. to go: jigamiṣati, K. II. To ask: q. v.: yācate (yāc, c. l.).

DESIROUS:
     1 icchu (mfn.);
     2 icchukaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 abhilaṣin (f. ṇī);
     4 abhilāṣukaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     5 vāñchin (f. );
     6 by desi. adj., I am d. of hearing you: tava giraḥ śuśrūṣuraham, Si.; d. of seeing Indra: indraṃ didṛkṣuḥ, N.; d. of again saying something: kimapi punarvivakṣuḥ, Ku.: v. Eager; to wish.

DESIST: viramati (ram, c. l.), d. from this work: virama karmaṇo'smāt, D.: v. To cease.

DESK: *deśkam: v. Bench.

DESOLATE (adj.):
     I Uninhabited:
     1 nirmānuṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), and sim. comp. s, a d. forest: nirmānuṣamaraṇyam, K.;
     2 khilaḥ (lā laṃ), (=empty), the road being d.: khilībhūte pathi, Ku. ii. 45.
     II Decayed: jīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ), a d. garden: jīrṇodyānam, Mu.
     III Lonely: asahāyaḥ (yā yaṃ), K.

DESOLATE (v.): ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To devastate, ravage,

DESOLATENESS:
     I Uninhabitedness: nirmānuṣatvam, and sim. comp. s.
     II Decayed state: jīrṇatā.
     III Loneliness: asahāyatā -tvam.

DESOLATION: ucchedaḥ: v. Devastation, ruin.

DESPAIR (subs.): naurāśayam or nirāśatā. In d. (as adj.): nirāśaḥ (śā śaṃ).

DESPAIR (v. i.): nirāśaḥ (śā śaṃ) bhavati, d. ed as to his life: nirāśo jīvite'bhavat, Raj.;
     2 nairāśayaṃ vrajati nirāśatāṃ gacchati, etc., d. ing of flying: uḍḍayane nirāśatāṃ gataḥ, N. i. 125.;
     3 āśāṃ jahāti, etc. (=to abandon hope: q. v.).

DESPAIRINGLY:
     1 nirāśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 naurāśyāt.

DESPATCH (v. t.):
     I To send, depute: q. v.: prerayati (īr, c. 10.).
     II To kill: q. v.: (śamanasadanaṃ) prerayati, (the son of Śiva) having thus d. ed the demon-king: iti (haratanayena) prerite dānavendre, Ku. xvii. 56.
     III To perform. execute: q. v.: samādadhāti or tvaritaṃ samādadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.).

DESPATCH (subs.):
     I The act of sending:
     1 preraṇam;
     2 preṣaṇam.
     II Dismissal: visarjanam.
     III Hasty execution: q. v.: with d.: tvaritam or kṣipram.
     IV A message:
     1 patram (=letter);
     2 sandeśaḥ. D. -box: sandeśape ṭikā (?).

DESPERADO:
     1 sāhasikaḥ (=daring);
     2 unmattaḥ (=mad).

DESPERATE:
     I Hopeless: q. v.: nirāśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     II Beyond hope: āśātītaḥ. Ph.: the case is d.: atibhūmimayaṃ gataḥ (lit. gone to the extreme), K.; a d. disease: vaidyayatnaparibhāvī gadaḥ, R.: v. Incurable.
     III Excessive: q. v.:
     IV Daring: q. v.

DESPERATELY:
     I Furiously: q. v.: unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) iva.
     II Exclusively: q. v.: niratiśayam.

DESPERATION: naurāśyam: v. Despair.

DESPICABLE: jaghanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ): v. Mean, worthless.

DESPISE:
     1 avajānāti (jñā, c. l.), d. ed in mind: manasāvajñātavān, D.;
     2 avamanyate (man, c. 4.), I will not d. high Brahmins: nāvamaṃsye brāhmaṇarṣabhān, Mah.;
     3 jugupsate (=to hate: q. v.);
     4 tucchayati (nomi.):
     5 tṛṇīkaroti;
     6 na gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.): v. To care.

DESPISINGLY:
     1 avajñayā;
     2 sāvamānam;
     3 anādareṇa.

DESPITE (subs.):
     I Hatred, malice: q. v.: jugupsā.
     II Defiance, contempt:

DESPITE (prep.):
     1 avamanya;
     2 avagaṇayya; etc.: v. To depise.

DESPITEFUL, DESPITEFULLY: v. Malicious, maliciously.

DESPOIL: harati (hṛ, c. l.): v: To deprive, divert, rob.

DESPOLIATION: haraṇam: v. Deprivation, divestment.

DESPOND (v.): nirvedaṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.), āpadyate (pad, c. 4.), etc.

DESPONDENCY:
     1 nirvedaḥ;
     2 viṣādaḥ (=dejection).

DESPONDENT:
     1 nirviṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ);
     2 viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ).

DESPONDINGLY:
     1 sanirvedam;
     2 viṣaṇṇam;
     3 naurāśayāt, etc.

DESPOT:
     I A lord: q. v.
     II A tyrant: q. v.: ghūmaketuḥ (?).

DESPOTICAL: svecchācārin (f. ṇī): v. Also tyrannically.

DESPOTICALLY: svecchācāreṇa: v. Also tyrannically.

DESPOTISM: svecchācāritvam: v. Also tyranny.

DESPUMATE: phenāyate (nomi.).

DESPUMATION: niṣphenīkaraṇam, (?): v. Clarification.

DESSERT: phalamiṣṭādīni (n. pl.) (?).

DESTINATION:
     I Intention, purpose: q. v.: abhiprāyaḥ.
     II End of a journey: īpsitaṃ sthānam.

DESTINE:
     1 sthirīkaroti (=to fix: q. v.);
     2 better by circumlo, I am 'd. d to eternal woe': *avirataduḥkhaṃ kapāle me likhitam.

DESTINY: bhavitavyatā, following d.: bhavitavyatānuvidhāyin (f. ), V.: v. Fate.

DESTITUTE: dīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Needy, indigent.

DESTITUE OF: hīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Devoid of.

DESTITUTION:
     I Indigence, poverty: q. v.: dainyam.
     II The state of being destitute of: hīnatā vi- pari-, in tat. comp.

DESTROY:
     1 nāśayati vi- pra-, (c. of naś), why has he d. ed the whole park: vanaṃ kimarthaṃ sakalaṃ vināśitam, A. r.; d. (our) ignorance: ajñānaṃ vināśaya, B. p.;
     2 dhvaṃsayati vi- pra-, (c. of dhvaṃs) (=demolish), Hanumān who has d. ed the, whole city: vidhvaṃsitāśeṣapuro hanumān, B. xii. 23.;
     3 kṣayaṃ nayati (, c. l.) (=to annihilate), d. ed Rākshasas: anauṣīdrākṣasān kṣayam, B. xv. 10.;
     4 hanti (han, c. 2.) (prop. =to kill). if this garland d. s life: sragiyaṃ yadi jīvitāpahā, R.

DESTROYED, BE or GET:
     1 naśyati vi-, (naś, c. 4.):
     2 nāśam or vināśameti (i, c. 2.), avāpnoti (āp, c. 5.) etc., everything else gets d.: nāśaṃ sarvamanyaddhi gacchati, M.;
     3 dhvaṃsaṃ or pradhvaṃsaṃ or vidhvaṃsam eti etc., Ki.;
     4 dhvaṃsate vi- pra-, (dhvaṃs, c. l.).

DESTROYER:
     1 nāśakaḥ vi-, d. of Tāraka: tārakasya vināśakaḥ, Mat.;
     2 nāśayitṛ vi-, (m.) Ch.;
     3 nāśaḥ -naḥ in bah. comp., d. of sins.: pāpanāśaḥ, J.;
     4 hantā (=slayer: q. v.).

DESTROYING (adj.): nāśin pra-, (f. ) in comp., sin-d.: pāpapraṇāśin (f. ), Mat.

DESTRUCTIBILITY: naśvaratā vi-: v. Frailty.

DESTRUCTIBLE:
     1 naśvaraḥ (rī raṃ), vi-, in d. wealth: naśvaravitte, J.;
     2 dhvaṃsin (f. ), vi-, body is d. in a moment: śarīraṃ kṣaṇavidhvaṃsi, H.: v. Frail.

DESTRUCTION:
     1 nāśaḥ vi-, for one's own d.: svanāśāya, A. r.;
     2 dhvaṃsaḥ vi- pra-, (strictly= demolition), from the d. of the seed of ignorance: avidyābījavidhvaṃsāt, Ana.;
     3 kṣayaḥ (gradual complete d.), I have avenged the d. of my race: sādhitaṃ mayā kulakṣayajaṃ vairam, P. Ph.: to come to or meet d.: v. Destroyed, get.

DESTRUCTIVE:
     1 nāśin vi- pra-, (f. ) in comp.;
     2 apahaḥ (hā haṃ) or ghnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ) in comp.:
     3 prāṇaharaḥ (rī raṃ) (d. of life), Bha.;
     4 kṣayāvaha (hā haṃ) d. of monkeys: vānarāṇāṃ kṣayāvahaḥ, P. v. 10.

DESTRUCTIVELY: nāśam or kṣayam parikalpya (with gen.).

DESTRUCTIVENESS:
     1 nāśakatvam;
     2 kṣayāvahatā;
     3 better by adj.

DESUETUDE: avyavahāraḥ: v. Disuse.

DESULTORY:
     1 adhīraḥ (rā raṃ) (=hasty);
     2 ucchṭaṅkhalaḥ (lā laṃ) (=without order);
     3 bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (=roving).

DETACH:
     I To separate, disunite: q. v.: viśaleṣayati (c. of śilaṣ).
     II To send: q. v.: preṣayati (c. of iṣ).

DETACHMENT:
     I Separation: q. v.: viśaleṣaḥ.
     II A body of troops: dalam.

DETAIL (v. t.): vistareṇa or vistarataḥ or kārtsyena kathayati (kath, c. 10.) (=to tell: q. v.) or varṇayati (=to describe), d. to us the birth of Kārtika: asmākaṃ guhajanma kātsyena brūhi, Mat.; I want to hear a d. ed account of it: vistareṇa śrotumicchāmi, Mu. iv.

DETAIL (subs.): vistaraḥ or vistāraḥ, d. s of the army of the gods also: surāṇāmapi sainyānāṃ vistaraḥ, Mat. In d.: vistareṇa or vistarataḥ or savistaram.

DETAIN (v.):
     I To with-hold: q. v.
     II To restrain from proceeding: Ph. we were d. ed by the rain: *vṛṣṭyā no vilambo janitaḥ: v. Delay.
     III To hold in custody: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. To keep.

DETAINER: a writ: *rakṣāpatram.

DETECT:
     1 prakāśayati (c. of kāś);
     2 bahiṣkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

DETECTION:
     1 prakāśaḥ -nam;
     2 bahiṣkāraḥ.

DETECTIVE: Ph.: d. officer:
     1 caraḥ or cāraḥ (=spy), Ve. vi.; sunipuṇasañcārālāpādibhistaskarādiprakāśakaḥ.

DETENTION:
     I Confinement, restraint: q. v.: nirodhaḥ.
     II Delay: q. v.: vilambaḥ.
     III Withholding: v. To withhold.

DETER: nivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To prevent, hinder.

DETERGE: śodhayati vi-, (c. of śudh): v. To cleanse.

DETERGENT:
     I Adj.: śodhanaḥ (nī naṃ).
     II Subs.: śodhanam, Sr.

DETERIORATE (v.):
     I Intrans:
     1 hīyate (pass. of );
     2 kṣayaṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.).
     II Trans.:
     1 hīnīkaroti;
     2 kṣayaṃ nayati (, c. l.).

DETERIORATION: kṣayaḥ: v. Degeneracy.

DETERMENT: nivartanam: v. Prevention.

DETERMINATE: sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Fixed, definite.

DETERMINATION:
     I The act of determining: nirṇayaḥ vi-, d. of boundaries: sīmāvinirṇayaḥ, M.
     II Resolution: q. v.: niścayaḥ, is this your d.: eṣa te niścayaḥ, Mu. III.: Purpose: q. v.: pratipattiḥ, what is your d.: kā te pratipattiḥ, D.
     IV Direction or tendency: gatiḥ.
     V Termination: q. v.

DETERMINE:
     I To limit: q. v.
     II To settle, decide: q. v.: nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     2 nirṇayati (, c. l.).
     III To resolve: q. v.: niścayaṃ karoti.

DETERMINEDLY:
     1 niścitam;
     2 sthiram: v. Firmly.

DETERSIVE: śodhanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Detergent.

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DETEST: jugupsate (jugups, c. l.): v. To hate.

DETESTABLE:
     1 garhitaḥ (tā taṃ), the very d. Chārvāka (philosophy): cārvākamatigarhitam, P. p.; ghṛṇitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 jugupsitaḥ (tā taṃ).

DETESTABLY:
     I Lit.: jugupsayā.
     II Excessively: q. v.: atyantam.

DETESTATION: jugupsā: v. Hatred.

DETESTER: expr. by verb or subs.: v. Also hater.

DETHRONE: siṃhāsanāt pātayati (c. of pat), Mu. i.: v. To depose.

DETHRONEMENT: chatrabhaṅgaḥ: v. Deposition (I) and (II).

DETONATE (v.):
     I Intrans: stanati (stan, c. l.) (?).
     II Trans.: stanayati (c. of stan) (?).

DETONATION: stananam (?): v. Explosion.

DETOUR: bhramiḥ (?).

DETORT: vikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To pervert.

DETRACT:
     I To take away: q. v.
     II To defame, censure: q. v.:
     1 apavadati (vad, c. l.), by d. ing merit: guṇāpavādena, Ki.;
     2 asūyati (with dat.) (=to d. men.), d. s Vishnu: haraye'sūyati, S. k.;
     3 adhi-kṣipati ā-, (=to asperse), while the King (Śiśupāla) was d. ing Krishna: nṛpatāvadhikṣipati śaurim, Si.

DETRACTION:
     1 apavādaḥ;
     2 asūyā;
     3 adhikṣepaḥ or ākṣepaḥ v. To detract; calumny.

DETRACTOR:
     1 apavādin (m.);
     2 asūyakaḥ;
     3 adhi-kṣepakaḥ ā-.

DETRIMENT: hāniḥ: v. Loss, harm.

DETRIMENTAL: hānikaraḥ (rī raṃ) or better by subs.: v. Injurious.

DETRITION: kṣayaḥ: v. To wear off, rub.

DETRUNCATE: v. To cut off, lop.

DETRUNCATION:
     1 avacchedaḥ;
     2 kartanam ava-.

DEUCE:
     I In dice: kaṭaḥ, Mr.
     II A devil: q. v.

DEUTERONOMY: *dvitīyavidhiḥ.

DEVASTATE:
     1 ucchinatti sam-, (chid, c. 7.);
     2 utsādayati (c. of sad);
     3 ava-mṛdrāti adhi- ā-, (mṛd, c. 9.).

DEVASTATION:
     1 ucchedaḥ sam-,
     2 utsādanam;
     3 avamardaḥ.

DEVELOP:
     I To disclose, expound: q. v.: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     II To rear, mature: q. v.
     III To grow, increase: q. v. D. ed.: of buds: sannaddha: (ddhā ddhaṃ), Sa.

DEVELOPMENT:
     I Disclosure, exposition: vivṛtiḥ.
     II Growth, increase: q. v.
     III Issue, ripeness: q. v.

DEVIATE (v.): ati-eti vyeti-, (i, c. 2.) (=transgress, pass by: q. v.), did not d. a line from the path: vartmanaḥ paraṃ rekhāmātramapi na vyatīyuḥ, R. i. 17.;
     2 calati vi-, (cal, c. l.) (=to swerve: q. v.), (his) mind does not d. from virtue: na dharmāccalate buddhiḥ, Mah.;
     3 cyavate (cyu, c. l.) (=to fall: q. v.), in the assembly d. d from the (right) course: pathaśacyutāyāṃ samitau, Ki.: v. Also to wander, stray, err.

DEVIATION:
     1 atikramaḥ (=transgression);
     2 vicalanam (=swerving);
     3 cyutiḥ (=falling);
     4 unmārgagamanam (=going by a wrong path);
     5 bhramaḥ (=error).

DEVICE:
     I A contrivance:
     1 upāyaḥ;
     2 chalam: v. Stratagem.
     II Invention: q. v.: nirmāṇam.
     III An emblem: cihnam (?).

DEVIL: bhūtaḥ: v. Demon. Ph.: printer's d.: *bālamudrakaḥ; to play the d. with: *utpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To molest.

DEVILISH:
     1 paiśācaḥ (cī caṃ);
     2 rākṣasaḥ (sī saṃ).

DEVILRY: paiśācatvam; paiśācācāraḥ, and sim. comp. s.

DEVIOUS:
     I Lit.: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ), although this route is d. to you: vakraḥ panthā yadapi bhavataḥ, Me.: v. Crooked.
     II Erring, wandering: q. v. udbhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

DEVISE (v.):
     I To contrive: q. v.: kalpayati (klaṛpa, c. 10.).
     II To bequeath: q. v.: *icchāpatreṇa dadāti (, c. 3.) or sim dadāti when the meaning is clear.

DEVISE (subs.): *icchāpatreṇa sthāvarasampattidānam.

DEVISEE: *icchāpatreṇa yasmai sthāvarasampattirdīyate; dānādhikārin (f. ṇī).

DEVISER: kalpayitṛ (f. trī): v. Inventor.

DEVISOR: *icchāpatreṇa sthāvarasampattidātṛ (f. trī).

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DEVOID OF:
     1 hīnaḥ (nā naṃ), vi- pari-, d. of spirits: tejovihīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki;
     2 rahitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-, d. of wealth: dhanairvirahitaḥ (,), Mr.;
     3 śūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), d. of the power of combustion: dāhaśaktiśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), S. p. b.;
     4 varjitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi- pari-, d. of covetousness and anger: lobhakrodhavivarjitaḥ (tā taṃ), Mah.;
     5 vīta- vigata-, etc. in comp. (=gone: of what was once possessed), d. of care: vītacintaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), Sa.;
     6 often by a neg. comp., d. of hands and feet: apāṇipādaḥ (dā daṃ), S.; d. of flies: nirmakṣikaḥ (kā kaṃ), V.; d. of clouds: vyabhraḥ (bhrā bhraṃ), V. p. N. B.
     1 to
     4 are used as second member of a comp. or with ins.

DEVOLVE (v. t.):
     I To roll on: pātayati (pat, c. 6.).
     II To commit, entrust: q. v.: nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (with loc.)

DEVOLVE (v. i.): expr. by circumlo., on the demise of a King the crown d. s on his eldest son: uparate rājñi jyeṣṭhaputro rājyabhāk: v. Also to come.

DEVOTE:
     I To consecrate: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.), d. d animals: utsṛṣṭapaśavaḥ, Y.
     II To doom: q. v.
     III To give up:
     1 yojayati ā- abhi-, (yuj, c. 10.) (=to apply), (you) have d. d. yourself to great penances: āyojitastapasi mahatyātmā, K.;
     2 ā-veśayati ni- abhini-, (c. of viś) (=to put), of (those) who have d. d themselves to you: tvayyāveśitacittānām, R.;
     3 expr. by ā-saktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), *pra- vyā-, the fools are d. d to them: āsaktāstāṣvamī mūḍhāḥ, Ki.; d. ed to gambling: dyūtaprasaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), Mr.; or
     4 raktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), anu-, (fondly), young men are d. d to young women: taruṇastāvattaruṇīraktaḥ, J.

DEVOTEDLY: ekāgracittena: v. Earnestly, zealously.

DEVOTEDNESS: v. Devotion.

DEVOTEE:
     1 tāpasaḥ (f. );
     2 yogin (f. );
     3 dharmanirataḥ (tā taṃ).

DEVOTION:
     I Consecration: utsargaḥ.
     II Addiction:
     1 āsaktiḥ;
     2 niratiḥ, Ki.
     III Religious or respectful: bhaktiḥ, d. to your preceptor: gurau bhaktiḥ, R.
     IV A. gift: dānama.

DEVOTIONAL:
     I Devout:
     1 dharmaparāyaṇaḥ (f. ṇā);
     2 dharmaniṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ).
     II Relating to devotion: expr. by dharma- in comp.

DEVOUR: bhakṣayati (bhakṣa, c. 10.), will d. us all: bhakṣayiṣyati naḥ sarvān, A. r., the world-d. ing time: kālo jagadbhakṣakaḥ, J.: v. To eat, swallow.

Devourer:
     1 bhakṣakaḥ;
     2 khādakaḥ;
     3 bhakṣayitṛ (m.).

DEVOUT:
     I Pious:
     1 dhārmikaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 dharmaparāyaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), Ph.: he is a d. Christian: *ātyantikī tasya kṛṣṭadharme śraddhā.
     II Sincere: q. v.

DEVOUTLY:
     1 bhaktyā;
     2 bhaktipuraḥsaram;
     3 bhaktipūrvakam.

DEVOUTNESS:
     1 dhārmikatā;
     2 dharmaparāyaṇatā;
     3 dharmaniṣṭhatā;
     4 dharmaparatā.

DEW (subs.):
     1 nīhāraḥ, covered with d. s: nīhāraparītaḥ (tā taṃ), B.;
     2 avaśyāyaḥ (rare), no d. fell on the ground: nāvaśyāyaḥ papātorvyām, Mah.;
     3 tuṣāraḥ (prop. snow: q. v.).

DEWIFY: nīhārīkaroti, Vi. v.

DEW-LAP:
     1 galakambalaḥ;
     2 sāsnā, Si. v. 62.

DEWY: nīhārācchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), and sim. comp. s: Ph.: d. morning: nīhāramagno dinapūrvabhāgaḥ, R. vii. 60.

DEXTERITY:
     1 kṛtahastatā;
     2 hastavattā;
     3 laghuhastatā;
     4 dakṣatā: v. Cleverness, skill.

DEXTEROUS:
     1 hastavat (f. ), R. vii. 45.;
     2 kṛtahastaḥ (stā staṃ), M. n.;
     3 laghuhastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     4 dakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ): v. Skilful, clever.

DEXTEROUSLY:
     1 hastavattayā;
     2 laghuhastatayā;
     3 kṛtahastatayā: v. Skilfully.

DIABETES: a disease: bahumūtrarogaḥ; pramehabhedaḥ.

DIABOLICAL: paiśācaḥ (cī caṃ): v. Atrocious, impious.

DIADEM:
     1 kirīṭaḥ;
     2 mukuṭam;
     3 mauliḥ;
     4 cūḍāmaṇiḥ.

DIADEMED: kirīṭin (f. ).

DIAGNOSIS: roganirṇayaḥ or -nirūpaṇam.

DIAGONAL:
     1 śrutiḥ, Li.;
     2 karṇaḥ, Li.

DIAGONALLY: to join d.: karṇairyojayati.

DIAL:
     1 śaṅkuyantram, S. s.;
     2 cakrayantram (?). S. s.; d. of a timepiece: cakram (?).

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DIALECT:
     1 prākṛtabhāṣā;
     2 bhāṣā (=language, speeech: q. v.).

DIALECTIC, DIALECTICS (subs.):
     1 tarkaśāstram;
     2 hetuvidyā, D.

DIALECTIC, -AL (adj.):
     I Relating to dialects: expr. by comp., d. difference: bhāṣābhedaḥ.
     II Logical: q. v.: tārkikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

DIALECTICIAN:
     1 tārkikaḥ;
     2 hetuvidyāviśāradaḥ.

DIALLING: chāyāyantrasādhanam (?).

DIALLIST: chāyāyantrakāraḥ (?); śaṅkuyantranirmātṛ (m.) (?).

DIALOGUE:
     I Conversation: q. v.: kathopakathanam.
     II Conversational composition:
     1 praśnottaramayyuktiḥ, Raj.;
     2 praśnottaramayaḥ prabandhaḥ.

DIAMETER:
     1 vyāsaḥ, Li.;
     2 viṣkambhaḥ, Li.

DIAMETRICAL: expr. by tat. comp.

DIAMETRICALLY: Ph.: d. opposed: ekāntaviruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

DIAMOND:
     1 hīram or hīrakam;
     2 vajra (mn.) (rare).

DIAPASON:
     I The octave: q. v.:
     II Control, harmony: q. v.

DIAPHRAGM: udarādvakṣoviyojikā peśī; udaravakṣaḥpeśī.

DIARRHOEA:
     1 ati () sāraḥ;
     2 pravāhikā;
     3 praskandikā.

DIARY: dinapatrikā dainikapustakam.

DIATONIC: *dīrghatānīyaḥ (yā yaṃ)

DIATRIBE: adhikṣepaḥ -vādaḥ (?): v. Reproach.

DIBBER, DIBBLE: *vidārikāḥ bhūmividāraṇaladhuyantraviśeṣaḥ.

DICE (subs.):
     I Plural of die: q. v.
     II Dicing: q. v.

DICE (v.): akṣauḥ krīḍati (krīḍ, c. l.): v. To gamble.

DICE-BOARD:
     1 aṣṭhāpadam;
     2 śāriphalam.

DICE-BOX: pāśakapīṭham, Mr., and sim. comp. s.

DICER:
     1 akṣadhūrta;
     2 akṣadevin (m.): v. Gambler.

DICING: akṣakrīḍā
     2 akṣavatī: v. Gambling.

DICTATE (v.):
     I To order, prescribe: q. v.: ādiśati (diś, c. 6.).
     II In dictation: vyāharati (hṛ, c. l.): v. To speak.

DICTATE (subs.): nirdeśaḥ: v. Command, direction.

DICTATION: *vyāhāraḥ, to write from d. *vyāhārāllikhati.

DICTATOR: ājñāpakaḥ (?); nirdeṣṭṭa (m.) (?): v. Commander.

DICTATORIAL: v. Imperious, overbearing.

DICTATORSHIP: *ājñāpakapadam nirdeṣṭṭapadam.

DICTION: uktiḥ: v. Style, language.

DICTIONARY: koṣaḥ abhidhānam; varṇakrameṇa śabdakoṣaḥ.

DIDACTIC,-AL:
     1 śikṣāvidhāyin (f. ) (?);
     2 upadeśamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

DIDAPPER: a diving bird: plavajātīyapakṣibhedaḥ.

DIE (subs.):
     I For playing:
     1 akṣaḥ, one who plays with false dice: kuṭākṣadevin, Vri.;
     2 pāśakaḥ.
     II For stamping: perh. mudrāḥ.
     III Chance: q. v.

DIE (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhriyate (mṛ, c. 6.), vomited blood and d. d.: śoṇitamudvaman mamāra, V. p.; like medicine by a dying man: mriyamāṇa ivauṣadham, A r.;
     2 expr. by the adj.: he d. d: so'bhūt parāsuḥ, R. ix. 78: v. Dead;
     3 prāṇān or asūn or jīvitaṃ tyajati utsṛjati, etc. (=to quit life: of voluntary death), you should not d.: na parityājyāstvayā prāṇāḥ, K.;
     4 mṛtyumavāpnoti, (āp, c. 5.), K. maraṇam abhipadyate (pad, c. 4.), etc. (=to meet death), Mah.;
     5 pañcatvaṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.), some horses d. d: kecidaśvāḥ pañcatvaṃ gatāḥ, P.
     II To be extinct: v. Extinct.

DIE AWAY or OUT:
     1 uparamati (ram, c. l.), when the noise d. d away: tasminnu parate śabde, Mah.: v. To cease;
     2 kṣayaṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.), when the night d. s away: kṣayaṃ gatāyāṃ yāmavatyām, Ki.: v. To vanish.

DIET (subs.): āhāraḥ. Ph.: d. good for the feverish: jvaritāya hitānyannādīni, Bha.

DIET (v.):
     I Trans: ladhu bhojayati (c. of bhuj), Bha: v. To feed.
     II Intrans: hitam aśnāti (, c. 9.), Sr.

DIETETICS: āhāravighiḥ, Sr.

DIFFER (v. i.):
     I To be unlike:
     1 bhidyate (pass. of bhid) (rare), the prince did not d. from his cause: na kāraṇāt svādvibhide kumāraḥ, R. v. 37.; you two d. in this: yuvayoridameva bhidyate; Si. xvi. 70.;
     2 viśiṣyate (pass. of śiṣ), M. n.;
     3 better by the subs., in what do they d.: kastayobhedaḥ.
     II To disagree: vipratipadyate (pad, c. 4.) Ph.: I d. from you: mama mataṃ bhinnam, or tanmate na varte.

DIFFERENCE:
     I Lit.:
     1 bhedaḥ pra- vi-, and (yet) did not find any d. among the five: bhedaṃ viveda na ca pañcasu kañcideṣā, N. xiii. 41.; from the d. of the results and subjects of enquiry: phalajijñāsyabhedāt, S.;
     2 viśeṣaḥ (=distinction: q. v.);
     3 tāratamyam (=d. in quality), O, what a d. in men: aho tāratamyaṃ narāṇām, Mr. x.;
     4 antaram (=distance: to contrast two objects), the d. between you and me is like the d. between the ocean and the pond: atramavataḥ kila mama ca samudrapalvalayorivāntaram, Mal. Ph.: it makes no d.: atra nāsti viśeṣaḥ.
     II Discordance: q. v.: vipratipattiḥ, S.
     III Dissension: vivādaḥ.
     IV In arith.: antaram, sum and d.: yogāntare, Vij.

DIFFERENT:
     1 minnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), vi- pra-, men have d. tastes: bhinnarucirhi lokaḥ, R.; not d. from me: matto'vibhinnaḥ, V. p.;
     2 by subs., made many d. statements: vākyabhedān bahunakathayat, Mu. ii.;
     3 by antaram affixed, d. tastes: rasāntarāṇi, R. x. 17.: v. Other: v. Unlike, various.

DIFFERENTIAL: v. Special. D. coefficient: *sūkṣmamānam.

DIFFERENTIATE: *sūkṣmamānaṃ nirūpayati, (rūp, c. 10.).

DIFFERENTLY: v. Variously, otherwise.

DIFFICULT:
     1 Often by a comp. with dur, d. to understand: durbodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); d. to climb: durārohaḥ (hā haṃ); d. to pass: durgamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 duḥkha- kaṣṭa-, or kṛcchra-, in comp. (of physical d. ies), very d. to procure food here: kaṣṭataralabhyāhāramidaṃ sthānam, H.;
     3 viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ), although d. political science is dived into: viṣamo'pi vigāhyate nayaḥ, Ki.;
     4 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (=hard);
     5 durūhaḥ (hā haṃ) (= obscure).

DIFFICULTY:
     I Arduousness:
     1 kāṭhinyam;
     2 vaiṣamyam. Without any d.: anāsāyena or sukhenaḥ v. Easily. With d.: kathamapi (=somehow), fixing his speech (i. e. controlling his emotions) with great d.: kathaṃ kathamapi vacanaṃ saṃsthāpya, V. ii.;
     2 kathañcana or kathañcit (=kathamapi), controlled their minds with d.: kathañcidīśā manasāṃ babhūvuḥ, Ku. iii. 34.; duḥkhena, was able to feed with d. duḥkhena bhojayituṃ śaśākaḥ.: Si. v. 51.;
     4 kṛcchreṇa, Ki. iii. 42.;
     5 kaṣṭena, with great d.: mahākaṣṭena, M. n.
     II Something difficult:
     1 kṛcchram, in d. s: kṛcchreṣu, Ki. xi. 75.;
     2 saṅkaṭam (=straits), his understanding not failing in d. s: kāryasaṅkaṭeṣvaviṣaṇṇadhīḥ, K.;
     3 vighnaḥ (=obstacle: q. v.);
     4 expr. by adj., d. s of grammar: vyākaraṇasya viṣamāṇi; may everybody overcome his d. s: sarvastaratu durgāṇi, V.
     III Embarrassment, perplexity: q. v.
     IV An objection: q. v.

DIFFIDENCE:
     I Distrust: q. v.: aviśvāsaḥ.
     II Modesty: q. v.: apragalbhatā.

DIFFIDENT:
     I Distrustful: q. v.: aviśvāsin (f. ).
     II Modest: q. v.
     1 apragalbhaḥ (lbhā lbhaṃ);
     2 vilakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ);
     3 adhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

DIFFIDENTLY:
     1 apragalbham;
     2 savailakṣyam: v. Bashfully.

DIFFUSE (v. i.):
     1 vi-sarati (sṛ, c. 1.), the rays of the sun clearly d. d: sphuṭaṃ visasre saviturmayūkhaiḥ, Ki.;
     2 vi-sarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), I smelt the d. ing scent of flower: visarpantaṃ kusumagandhamabhyajighram, K.: v. To spread.

DIFFUSE (v. t.):
     1 visārayati (c. of sṛ);
     2 visarpayati (c. of sṛp): v. To spread.

DIFFUSE (adj.):
     1 vistṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vitataḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 suvistaraḥ (rā raṃ), very d. discourse: suvistaratarā vācaḥ, Si. ii. 24.

DIFFUSELY:
     1 vistaraśaḥ;
     2 vistareṇa;
     3 savistaram, K.

DIFFUSENESS: vistāraḥ. N. B. Better expr. by the adj.

DIFFUSION:
     1 visarpaṇam;
     2 visaraḥ: v. Dissemination, extension.

DIFFUSIVE:
     1 visṛmaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 visarpaṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

DIG (v.): khanati -te, (khan, c. 1.), d. ging the place: sthānaṃ khanitvā, P. v. 3.: to d. a well: kūpaṃ khanati, Sr.; to d. gold from the ground: bhūmiṃ khanitvā svarṇaṃ gṛhṇāti or bhūmeḥ svarṇam utkhanati. Comp.: d. down: avakhanati; d. in: nikhanati; d. out or up: utkhanati. Ph.: to d. a subterranean passage: suraṅgaṃ karoti, D.; to d. the ground: bhūmim avadārayati, R.

DIGEST (subs.): saṃhitā, d. of Manu: manusaṃhitā.

DIGEST (v. i.):
     I Of food:
     1 jīryati (jṝ, c. 4.), what is eaten does not d. well: bhuktaṃ samyak na jīryati, Sr.;
     2 pacyate vi- pari-, (pass. of pac), Sr.;
     3 pākaṃ or paripākaṃ gacchati vrajati, etc., Sr.
     II To suppurate: q. v.

DIGEST (v. t.):
     I To arrange: q. v.
     II Of food: jīrṇaṃ (f. rṇāṃ) karoti or jarayati (c. of jdṛ) (rare); I will eat and d. (Vrikodara): vṛkodaraṃ saṃbhakṣya jarayiṣyāmi, Mah.
     III Fig.: to think over: anudhyāyati ni-, (dhyai, c. l.), S.
     IV To brook: sahate (sah, c. l.).

DIGESTIBLE:
     1 śīghrapākaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 yaḥ (yā yat) (sukhena) jīryati or pākaṃ gacchati.

DIGESTION:
     I Arrangement: q. v.
     II Of food:
     1 pākaḥ pari-,
     2 jīrṇatā.
     III Digestive power: agniḥ, and those persons who have good d.: ye ca dīptāgnayo narāḥ, Sr.; of weak d.: mandāgni (mfn.), Sr.

DIGESTIVE: i. e. causing to digest: pācanaḥ (nī naṃ), Sr. Ph.: d. organ: *pākendriyam pakvāśayaḥ. D. power: v. Digestion (III).

DIGGER:
     1 khanakaḥ;
     2 khanitṛ (m.);
     3 khātakaḥ.

DIGGING: khananam. Ph.: gold d. s: svarṇabhūmayaḥ (pl.), P. (or fully) khananayogyāḥ svarṇabhūmayaḥ.

DIGHT: v. To adorn.

DIGIT:
     I A measure: aṅgulam, measuring three d. s: traṅgulaḥ (lā laṃ), Pa.
     II Any number under ten: *ādisaṃkhyā, Ph.: an eclipse of six d. s (d=½): arddhagrāsaḥ, Su.

DIGNIFIED:
     1 anubhāvavat (f. );
     2 mahānubhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. Majesty.

DIGNIFY: saṃ-bhāvayati anu-, (c. of bhū): v. To honour, promote, adorn.

DIGNITARY: uccapadādhiṣṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ); labdhapratiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ).

DIGNITY:
     I Honourableness:
     1 mahiman (m.), royal d.: rājamahimā, Mal.;
     2 anubhāvaḥ, high d.: mahānubhāvaḥ, Ki.
     II Of style: bojas (n.), Ki.;
     III High position:
     1 uccapadam;
     2 pratiṣṭhā: v. Honour.

DIGRESS: Ph.: I have d. ed. much from what I began to say: yat kathayitaṃ pravṛtto'smi tatparityajyaivātidūramatikrānto'smi, K.

DIGRESSION: expr. by circumlo: v. To digress.

DIGRESSIVELY: expr. by circumlo, to talk d.: prastutaṃ parityajya dūramatikrāmati (kram, c. l.) or viṣayāntaraṃ vistareṇa vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).

DIKE:
     I A channel: q. v.: praṇālī.
     II Mound: q. v.: vapram.

DILAPIDATED:
     1 viśīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ), with hundreds of d. edifices and turrets: viśīrṇatalpāṭṭaśataḥ (tā taṃ), R.;
     2 jīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (=decayed).

DILAPIDATION:
     1 viśīrṇatā;
     2 jīrṇatā.

DILATATION: vistāraḥ v. Expansion, extension.

DILATE:
     I To expand: q. v.: vistārayati (c. of stṝ).
     II To enlarge: q. v.: *vistareṇa vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).

DILATORILY:
     1 vilambena;
     2 kālakṣepeṇa.

DILATORINESS:
     1 dīrghasūtratā, H.;
     2 cirakriyatvam, Nil: v. Slowness, tardiness.

DILATORY:
     I Of men: dīrghasūtra: (f. trā);
     2 cirakriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Of acts: v. Slow, tardy.

DILEMMA:
     I Log.: *khaṇḍasiddhāntaḥ, the horns of a d.: khaṇḍasiddhāntaśṛṅgauḥ (n. dual).
     II A difficulty: q. v.: vikalpaḥ, Sah.

DILETTANT, -e: *priyadarśakaḥ; ātmavinodārthaṃ kalāsevī.

DILIGENCE:
     1 udyogaḥ;
     2 adhyavasāyaḥ;
     3 abhiyogaḥ;
     4 udyamaḥ;
     5 abhiniveśaḥ (application);
     6 prayatnaḥ (effort).

DILIGENT:
     1 udyogin (f. );
     2 adhyavasāyin (f. );
     3 udyamin;
     4 abhiyogavat (f. ), Ki.: v. Active.

DILIGENTLY:
     1 sodyogam;
     2 udyamena;
     3 sotsāham (=zealously).

DILL: a plant:
     1 śāleyaḥ (?);
     2 śatapuṣpā (?).

DILUENT: tanūkaraṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?). Ph.: "there is no real d. but water": yathārthato jalādanyaḥ padārtho nāsti yaḥ padārthāntarān tanūkaroti (thins) or vilayati (dissolves) or kṣīṇīkaroti (weakens).

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DILUTE:
     I To thin, weaken, or dissolve: q. v.
     II To mix with water: jalena miśrayati (miśra, c. 10.) or saṃsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.), M.

DILUTION:
     I Attenuation, dissolution: q. v.
     II With water: jalena miśraṇam.
     III A mixture: tanūkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

DILUVIAL: nadyotsṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Vri.; strictly āplāvajaḥ (jā jaṃ).

DIM (adj.):
     I Obscure:
     1 malinaprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 mandakāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     3 mandadyuti (mfn.).
     II Of sight: Ph.: his eyes are d.: na sa sutarāṃ paśyati or aspaṣṭaṃ paśyati.
     III Dull: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

DIM (v.): timirayati (nomi.).

DIMENSION: parimāṇaṃ or pramāṇam: v. Size, measure.

DIMINISH (v. i.): hāsamupaiti: v. To decrease.

DIMINISH (v. t.):
     1 hāsayati (c. of hnas), should d. one mouthful: ekaikaṃ hnāsayet piṇḍam, Pa.;
     2 apacinoti (ci, c. 5.);
     3 alpīkaroti nyūnīkaroti, etc. (=to make less);
     4 laghayati (=to lighten).

DIMINUTION:
     I Decrease: q. v.: hrāsaḥ
     II Degradation, abasement: q. v.

DIMINUTIVE:
     I Adj.: alpakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ), Mah.
     II In gram.: hnasvārthakapratyayaḥ.

DIMISSORY: Ph.: letter d.: anurodhapatram (?).

DIMLY:
     1 aspaṣṭam (=not clearly);
     2 na sutarām (=not well), P.

DIMNESS:
     1 aspaṣṭatā (=obscurity: q. v.);
     2 māndyam (=dulness: q. v.).

DIMPLE: bhaṅgaḥ (?).

DIMPLED: bhaṅgin (f. ).

DIN (subs.): kalakalaḥ: v. Noise, crash.

DIN (v.): to d. the ears: śravaṇapuṭaṃ jarjarīkaroti, K.: v. To deafen.

DINE (v.):
     I Trans: bhojayati (c. of bhuj): v. To feed.
     II Intrans: bhojanaṃ karoti: v. To eat; dinner.

DINGINESS: kāliman (m.): v. Darkness, blackness.

DINGLE: darī: v. Dale, valley.

DINGY: kālaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Dark, black.

DINING-ROOM: bhojanaśālā, Ch., and sim. comp. s.

DINNER: bhojanam, who invites and does not give d.: nimantrayitvā bhojanādāyī, V. s.; d. plate: bhojanabhājanam, N.; it is time to bathe and take d.: samayaḥ khalu snānabhojane sevitum, V.: v. Food.

DINNERLESS:
     1 bhojanavirahitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 anaśanena or nirāhāreṇa (=without food).

DINT (subs.):
     I Blow: q. v.: prahāraḥ.
     II Mark of blow: prahāracihnam, and sim. comp. s. Ph.: by d. of: balena (in comp.): v. Means.

DINT (v. t.): cihnayati (cihn, c. 10.): v. To mark.

DIOCESAN (subs): pradhānācāryaḥ: v. Bishop.

DIOCESAN (adj.): i. e. pertaining to a diocese: expr. by comp. or by gen.

DIOCESE: adhikāraḥ or pradeśaḥ (when the exact sense is not clear), pradhānācāryasyādhikāraḥ.

DIOPTRICS: *tejaso viṣamagativijñānam.

DIP (v. t.):
     I To plunge or immerse: majjayati (c. of masj,) the youths were d. d in the fair dame with all their soul: sarvātmanaiva sutanau yuvabhirmajje, N.
     II To wet: q. v.: kledayati (c. of klid).
     III To dip out: i. e. to take out: q. v.

DIP (v. i.):
     I To immerse (lit. and fig.): majjati (bhasj, c. l.).
     II To d. into (books etc.): cumbati (cumb, c. l.).

DIP (subs.):
     I Immersion: majjanam.
     II Inclination, slope,: q. v.

DIPHTHONG: yuktasvaraḥ (?); dvisvaraḥ (?).

DIPLOMA: *upādhipatram.

DIPLOMACY:
     I In gen. sense: sāman (n.), these are the five forms of d. noted by those skilled in its practice: iti sāmaprayogajñaiḥ sāma pañcavidhaṃ sbhṛtam, Ka.; the milk ocean was churned by d.: kṣīrābdhirmathitaḥ sābhnā, Ka.
     II Envoys: dūtavargaḥ.

DIPLOMATIC: Ph.: d. skill: sāmaprayogaprāvīṇyam.

DIPLOMATIST: sāmaprayogajñaḥ, Ka, and sim. comp. s.

DIRE: dāruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ): v. Dreadful.

DIRECT (adj.):
     I Straight: q. v.: ṛju (mfn.):
     II Sincere: q. v.
     III Plain, express: q. v.

DIRECT (v. t.):
     I To aim, point: lakṣīkaroti. Ph.: d. ing the mind: manaḥ samādhāya, Ki.
     II To manage, govern: q. v.: śāsti (śās, c. 2.).
     III To guide: diśati nir- ā- upa- pra-, (diśa. c. 6.), who would d. the way to Suvarṇapura: yaḥ sutrarṇapurapanthānamupadekṣyati, K. IV. To order: q. v.: niyaṃkte vi-, (yuja, c. 7.), d. me what I shall give: prayacchāmi kamarthaṃ viniyuṃkṣva mām, Mah. v. To superscribe: q. v.

DIRECTION:
     I Management, guidance, command: q. v.
     II Order, prescription: q. v.: niyogaḥ, by the d. of (her) superior: gurorniyogāt, Ku.
     III Line of motion: diś (f.), in whichever d. the eye is thrown: yasyāṃ yasyāṃ diśi vikṣipyate cakṣuḥ, K.; in whatever d. the will of Providence runs: yayā diśā dhāvati vedhasaḥ spṛhā, N.; in every d.: pratidiśam, Ki.; cast his eyes in that d.: tāmeva diśaṃ cakṣuḥ prāhiṇot, K.:
     IV The name and residence of a person: nāmadhāmanī (n. du.). A board of directors: nāyakavargaḥ (?).

DIRECTLY:
     I Instantly: q. v.: sapadi.
     II Immediately after: "d. he stopped": viratamātre tasmin or tadvirāmānantarameva.
     III Expressly: q. v.: spaṣṭam.
     IV In a direct line: ṛju, or saralam. V. As opposed to, inversely: anulomena.

DIRECTNESS: ārjavam: v. Frankness.

DIRECTOR: nāyakaḥ v. Manager, chief.

DIRECTORY: *nāmadhāmapradarśinī.

DIREFUL: dāruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), ni-: v. Dreadful.

DIRENESS: dāruṇatvam: v. Terribleness, horror.

DIRGE: karuṇagītam (?). In d. s: karuṇārthagrathitam (?), R.

DIRGELIKE: i. e. doleful: q. v.: karuṇaḥ (f. ṇā).

DIRK: kṛpāṇī: v. Dagger.

DIRT: mala (mn.) (lit. and fig.), in a mind free from d.: apagatamale manasi, K.

DIRTILY:
     1 malinam;
     2 malīmasam.

DIRTINESS:
     1 mālinyam;
     2 malinatā;
     3 samalatā.

DIRTY (adj.):
     1 malinaḥ (nā naṃ), an old d. rag torn into hundred pieces: jīrṇaśatakhaṇḍamalinakanthā, J.; d. by birth and in acts: janmakarmato malinaḥ, (nā naṃ), K.;
     2 malīmasaḥ (sā saṃ), a d. track: malīmasā paddhatiḥ, R.;
     3 samalaḥ (lā laṃ).

DIRTY (v.): malinayati (nomi): v. To soil, befoul.

DISABILITY:
     I Inability: q. v.
     II Legal d.: anīśatā (?).

DISABLE (v.): avasādayati (c. of sad), of d. d sight: avasannadṛś (mfn.), R.: v. To weaken, unfit. Ph.: an outcaste is d. d from inheritance, (funeral) cake and water: apapātritasya rikthapiṇḍodakāni nivartante, Sha.

DISABUSE: bhramaṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7.), dūrīkaroti, etc. To d. of artifice: chalaṃ nirasyati (as, c. 4.), etc.: v. To dispel.

DISACCUSTOM: v. Unaccustomed and to make.

DISADVANTACE (subs.):
     1 ahitam: v. Advantage;
     2 hāniḥ (=loss: q. v.);
     3 pīḍā (=inconvenience, trouble), and little d. to the farmer: kṣetrasvāminaścālpā pīḍā, Viv.;
     4 bādhā (=pīḍā), if of much use and little d.: mahāguṇo'lpabādhaścet, N. s.

DISADVANTAGEOUS:
     1 ahitakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 anarthakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Unfavourable; to injure.

DISADVANTAGEOUSLY: v. Unprofitably, unfavourably.

DISAFFECT: aparāgaṃ or virāgaṃ janayati, (jan, c. 10.) (with gen.).

DISAFFECTED:
     1 viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 aparaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     3 drohabuddhi (mfn.).

DISAFFECTION:
     1 viraktiḥ;
     2 virāgaḥ;
     3 aparāgaḥ, Ki.

DISAGREE:
     I Not to agree, differ: q. v.: visaṃvadati (vad, c. l.).
     II In opinion:
     1 vipratipadyate (pad, c. 4.);
     2 vivadate (vad, c. 1.) (=to dispute).
     III To be unsuited: na rocayati (c. of ruc) (with acc.) (?).

DISAGREEABLE:
     I Unpleasant, offensive: q. v.: anabhimataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Unamiable, peevish: q. v.: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ).
     III Contrary, unsuitable: q. v.

DISAGREEABLENESS:
     1 anabhimatatā;
     2 pratīpatā.

DISAGREEABLY:
     1 anabhimatam: v. Unpleasantly;
     2 pratīpam: v. Peevishly.

DISAGREEING (adj.): visaṃvadin (f. );
     2 viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

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DISAGREEMENT:
     I Difference: q. v.: visaṃvādaḥ.
     II In opinion: vipratipattiḥ.
     III Dispute: vivādaḥ; bhedaḥ.
     IV Unsuitableness: q. v.

DISALLIED: viśleṣitaḥ (tā taṃ); v. To separate.

DISALLOW: na anumanyate (man, c. 4.); v. To allow, permit, and note.

DISANNUL:
     1 vilumpati (lup, c. 6.):
     2 khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.).

DISAPPEAR:
     1 antardhīyate or tirodhīyate (pass. of dhā) (as phantoms), the Father of the world d. ed: viśvayoniḥ tirodadhe, Ku.;
     2 tirobhavati (bhū, c. 1.) (= 1) Ki.;
     3 naśyati vi-, (naś, c. 4.) (= to vanish), d. s although made motionless with ties: sandānaniṣpandīkṛtāpi naśyati, K.;
     4 adṛśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ) bhavati (= to become invisible).

DISAPPEARANCE: on the d. of the disease: vinaṣṭe ca tadāmaye: v. To disappear, also departure.

DISAPPOINT: Ph.: I am d. ed in you: tayyahaṃ bhagnāśaḥ; d. ed in love: khaṇḍitapraṇayaḥ (yā yaṃ); do not d. him: nāsyāśāṃ viphalāṃ kuru; better to be d. ed in an application to a great man: yācñā moghā varamadhiguṇe, Me.; d. ed by Śiva. śambhunā viphalīkṛtayatnaḥ, Ki.

DISAPPOINTMENT:
     1 āśābhaṅgaḥ (of hope);
     2 yācñāvaiphalyam, M. n.; and sim. comp. s (in an application), the pain of d.: praṇayabhaṅgavedanā, Ki.
     3 vipralambhaḥ (= deception: q. v.);
     4 viṣādaḥ (= dejection).

DISAPPROBATION:
     1 vimatiḥ;
     2 nindāvādaḥ (expression of d.) (?).

DISAPPROVAL:
     1 ananumodanam;
     2 nindā: v. Censure.

DISAPPROVE:
     1 na anumodate (mud, c. 1.);
     2 nindati (nind, c. 1.): v. To censure.

DISARM:
     I Lit.:
     1 nirastrīkaroti;
     2 astrāṇi or āyudhāni harati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II Fig.: śamayati (c. of śam).

DISARRANGE:
     1 ākulīkaroti;
     2 saṃkṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh).

DISARRANGEMENT: saṃkṣobhaḥ: V. Confusion, disorder.

DISARRAY:
     I An army: vyūhaṃ bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7.).
     II To disrobe: q. v.: vivastrayati.

DISASTER: vipad (f.) or vipattiḥ: v. Calamity.

DISASTROUS:
     1 ātyayikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 durantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     3 dāruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (= terrible).

DISAVOW: na svīkaroti: v. To deny.

DISAVOWAL: asvīkāraḥ: v. Denial.

DISBAND:
     I To dismiss: visarjayati (sṛj, c. 10.).
     II To divorce: tyajati (tyaj, c. 1.).

DISBAR: *abhibhāṣakamaṇḍalād bahiṣkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

DISBARK: avatārayati (c. of tṛ): v. To disembark.

DISBELIEF:
     1 aviśvāsaḥ;
     2 apratyayaḥ;
     3 aśraddhā.

DISBELIEVE: na pratyeti (i, c. 2.): v. Not to believe.

DISBELIEVING (adj.):
     1 aviśvāsin (f. );
     2 aśraddhālu (mfn.).

DISBURDEN: bhāram avatārayati (c. of tṝ): v. To unburden.

DISBURSE: vyayate (vyay, c. 1.): v. To expend.

DISBURSEMENT: vyayaḥ: v. Expenditure, payment.

DISC: v. Disk.

DISCARD: apāsyati (asa, c. 4.): v. To reject, renounce.

DISCERN:
     I Mentally: vivinakti (vic, c. 7.), does not d. what is his good: svahitaṃ na vivinakti, Si.
     II With the eyes:
     1 nibhālayati (bhal, c. 10.), d. ing this ring: idamaṅguloyakaṃ nibhālayantī, Mal.;
     2 nirvarṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.), d. ing my limbs: madaṅgāni nirvarṇya, D.

DISCERNIBLE:
     1 nirvarṇya (f. rṇyā);
     2 vibhāvya (f. vyā);
     3 by verb: v. To discern.

DISCERNING (adj.): sūkṣmadarśin (f. ): v. Sharp.

DISCERNMENT: Judgement, sagacity: q. v.: vivekaḥ, (you) have spoken without d.: vivekaśūnyamabhihitam, Mal.
     II The act: vivekaḥ (rare), no d. could be made of any thing: na kasyacidviveka upalebhe, Ki. ix. 12.

DISCHARGE (v.):
     I Of burdens:
     1 avatārayati (c. of tṝ);
     2 avaropayati (c. of ruh).
     II Of rivers: to enter the sea:
     1 viśati pra-, (viś, c. 6.);
     2 yāti (, c. 2.) (to go).
     III To utter, give vent to, emit: q. v.: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.), Ki.; to d. rage: krūdhaṃ visṛjati, Si.
     IV To let fly:
     1 muñcati or mocayati nir- vi- pra-, (muc, c. 6. and 10.), d. ed a shower of arrows: śaravarṣaṃ mumoca, Ram.;
     2 sṛjati vi-, (sṛj, c. 6.), to d. fire: agniṃ visṛjati, Sa.;
     3 asyati (as, c. 4.).
     V To dismiss: q. v.: (karmaṇaḥ or adhikārāt) apakarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.).
     VI To pay:
     1 śodhayati vi-, to d. a debt: ṛṇaṃ śodhayati, Vri.;
     2 niryātayati (c. of yat), for d. ing a debt: ṛṇaniryātanāya, Viv.;
     3 tarati ā- ut-, (tṝ, c. 1.), N. s.
     VII To perform: q. v.: nirvāhayati (c. of vah). Ph.: you also d. your duty: tvamapi svaniyogamaśūnyaṃ kuru, Sa. ii.
     VIII Of prisoners: muñcati.
     IX Of pus: pūyate (pūy, c. 1.).

DISCHARGE (subs.):
     I Of a burden:
     1 avatāraṇam;
     2 avaropaṇam.
     II A letting fly:
     1 mokṣaḥ, d. of arrows: bāṇamokṣaḥ, Sa.;
     2 visarjanam;
     3 asanam (rare).
     III Dismissal:
     1 padabhraṃśaḥ;
     2 adhikāracyutiḥ;
     3 karmāpakarṣaḥ.
     IV Payment:
     1 śodhanam vi-,
     2 niryātanam.
     V Performance: q.v.: nirvāhaḥ.
     VI Acquittal: muktiḥ.
     VII Emission: q. v.: srāvaḥ.

DISCHARGER: of electric jars: *niḥsāraṇadaṇḍam. Arrow-d. (i. e. bow): iṣvāsanam.

DISCIPLE:
     1 śiṣya (f. ṣyā), dialogue between a preceptor and his d. guruśiṣyasaṃvādaḥ; Mah.;
     2 antevāsin (f. ) (rare), of her d.: tadantevāsinyāḥ, Mah.

DISCIPLESHIP:
     1 śiṣyatvam;
     2 antevāsitvam (rare).

DISCIPLINARIAN:
     1 śāsanakartṛ (m.) (?);
     2 śāsitṛ (m.) (?).

DISCIPLINE (subs.): śāsanam (in all the senses).

DISCIPLINE (v.):
     I To educate: q. v.
     II To bring under control: damayati (c. of dam). D. d.: dāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).
     III To chastise: śāsti (śās, c. 2.).

DISCLAIM: pratyārakyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To deny.

DISCLAIMER: pratyākhayānam: v. Denial.

DISCLOSE:
     I To uncover, open: q. v.: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     II To reveal, expose: q. v.: vivṛṇoti, to d. a secret: rahasyaṃ vivṛṇoti, D. viii.

DISCLOSURE:
     I Exposure: q. v.: vivṛtiḥ.
     II That which is disclosed: these d. s.: eṣāṃ vivṛtiḥ.

DISCOLORATION:
     I The act:
     1 varṇāntarajananam;
     2 vivarṇīkaraṇam: v. To discolour.
     II Stain: q.v.

DISCOLOUR:
     I To alter the colour: varṇāntaraṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.) (with gen.).
     II To sully: vivarṇīkaroti.

DISCOMFIT: parājayate (ji, c. 1.): v. Defeat.

DISCOMFITURE: parājayaḥ: v. Defeat.

DISCOMFORT (subs.): kleśaḥ: v. Distress, pain.

DISCOMFORT (v.): pīḍayati (pīḍa, c. 10.): v. To pain.

DISCOMPOSE:
     I To break up: bhanakti (bhañj, c. 9.).
     II To agitate, disturb: q. v.: ākulīkaroti.

DISCOMPOSURE:
     1 vyākulatā;
     2 adhīratā: v. Agitation.

DISCONCERT:
     I To frustrate, defeat: q. v.: khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.).
     II To confuse: kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh).

DISCONNECT: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To separate.

DISCONNECTION: bhedaḥ: v. Separation.

DISCONSOLATE:
     1 viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ): v. Dejected;
     2 śokasantaptamānasaḥ (sā saṃ); v. Sad.

DISCONSOLATELY:
     1 saviṣādam;
     2 sakhedam: v. Sadly.

DISCONSOLATENESS:
     1 viṣaṇṇatā:
     2 nirvedaḥ:
     3 vaimanasyam.

DISCONTENT, DISCONTENTMENT:
     1 asantoṣaḥ;
     2 asantuṣṭiḥ;
     3 asantuṣṭatā;
     4 anirvṛtiḥ

DISCONTENT (v.): To dissatisfy.

DISCONTENT, DISCONTENTED (adj.):
     1 asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 anirvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Content.

DISCONTENTEDLY: expr. by adj., writes d.: asantuṣṭo likhati.

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DISCONTINUANCE, DISCONTINUATION:
     I Cessation: q. v.: virāmaḥ.
     II Disruption: vicchedaḥ.

DISCONTINUE (v. i.): viramati (ram, c. 1.): v. To cease.

DISCONTINUE (v. t.):
     I To stop, leave off: q.v.: samāpayati (c. of āpa).
     II To disunite: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.).

DISCORD:
     I In music:
     1 visvaraḥ;
     2 aparavaḥ;
     II Dispute: q.v.: vivādaḥ.
     III In gen. sense: v. D. -ance.

DISCORDANCE:
     1 vaiṣamyama;
     2 anaikyam;
     3 virodhaḥ.

DISCORDANT:
     I Incongruous:
     1 viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 viruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).
     II Dissonant:
     1 pratikūlaḥ (lā laṃ) (= disagreeable), even the cuckoo (would appear to) have a. d. voice: apyanyapuṣṭā pratikūlaśabdā, Ku.
     2 karṇakaṭhoraḥ (rā raṃ) (jarring), M. n.

DISCOUNT (v.):
     I To deduct a percentage: Ph.: to d. five per cent: *pañcakaṃ śataṃ tyajati (tyaj, c. 1.).
     II To pay a bill, deducting the percentage: Ph.: d. this bill: *tyāgaṃ gṛhītvā huṇḍimūlyaṃ dehi.

DISCOUNT (subs.): *tyāgaḥ.

DISCOUNTER: kusīdaḥ (= usurer: q.v.).

DISCOUNTENANCE:
     I To abash: q.v.: lajjayati (lasj, c. 10.).
     II To disapprove, oppose: q. v.: na anumodate (mud, c. 1.).

DISCOURAGE:
     I To deject: q. v.: utsāhabhaṅgaṃ karoti, d. d: bhagnotsāhaḥ (hā haṃ). To be d. d:
     1 sattvāt paribhraśyate (pass. of bhraś);
     2 tejasaḥ pra-bhraśyate, Mr.
     II To deter: q. v.: niṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.).

DISCOURAGEMENT:
     I Dejection: q. v.:
     1 utsāhabhaṅgaḥ;
     2 sattvabhraṃśaḥ, Vi.
     II Hindrance, obstacle: q. v.: vighnaḥ.

DISCOURAGING (adj.):
     1 by comp.;
     2 utsāhakṣayin. (f. ṇī);
     3 pratikūlaḥ (lā laṃ) (= unfavourable).

DISCOURAGINGLY: expr. by adj., speaking d.: pratikūlavādin, Ku.

DISCOURSE (subs.):
     I Speech, conversation: q.v.:
     1 vacas (n.);
     2 bhāratī.
     II Transaction: q.v.: vyavahāraḥ.

DISCOURSE (v.): vakti (vac, c. 1.): v. To speak, converse.

DISCOURTEOUS:
     1 avinītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 adakṣiṇa (f. ṇā): v. Courteous.

DISCOURTEOUSLY:
     1 avinītam;
     2 adakṣiṇam.

DISCOURTEOUSNESS, DISCOURTESY:
     1 avinayaḥ;
     2 adākṣiṇyam: v. Courtesy.

DISCOVER:
     I To reveal, shew: q. v.: prakāśayati (nomi.).
     II To find out: prob. prakāśayati; āviṣkaroti (used in Bengali), d. ed America: *āmerikāmāviścakāra.

DISCOVERER:
     1 prakāśakaḥ;
     2 āviṣkartṛ (m.) (?).

DISCOVERY:
     I Revelation: q.v.: prakāśanam
     II Finding out:
     1 prakāśanam (?)
     2 āviṣkāraḥ (?).

DISCREDIT (subs.):
     I Disbelief: aviśvāsaḥ.
     II Disgrace, infamy: q.v.:
     1 ayaśas (n.);
     2 kalaṅkaḥ.

DISCREDIT (v.):
     I To disbelieve: na pratyeti (i, c. 2.).
     II To disgrace: q.v. kalaṅkayati (nomi.).

DISCREDITABLE:
     1 ayaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 kīrtināśin (f. );
     3 kalaṅkāvahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     4 garhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

DISCREET:
     1 samīkṣya- or vimṛśyakārin (f. ṇī) (= circumspect);
     2 pariṇāmadarśin (f. ) (= seeing the end);
     3 vijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ) (= wise: q.v.).

DISCREETLY: samīkṣya: v. Prudently, wisely.

DISCREETNESS: v. Discretion.

DISCREPANCY:
     1 bhedaḥ: v. Difference;
     2 virodhaḥ: v. Contradiction.

DISCREPANT: bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Different.

DISCRETION:
     I Discreetness:
     1 samīkṣyakāritā;
     2 vivekaḥ; vijñatā: v. Wisdom.
     II Entire control: Ph.: you have no d. in the matter: na te icchādhīnametat; act according to your d.: *yat śobhanaṃ manyase tadeva kuru; you have entire d. to do what becomes you in this case: yadatrātmanaḥ samucitaṃ tatra prabhavati (bhū, c. 1.) bhavatī, K.; at d. (i. e. without condition) vinā samayena.

DISCRETIONARY: expr. by adv.: vivekānusāreṇa.

DISCRIMINATE: vivinakti (vic, c. 7.): v. To Distinguish.

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DISCRIMINATING, DISCRIMINATIVE (adj.):
     I Distinguishing: bhedaka (f. dikā).
     II Capable of discrimination:
     1 viśeṣajñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ);
     2 guṇodoṣavid (mfn.). Ph.: d. faculty: vivekaśaktiḥ.

DISCRIMINATION: vivekaḥ: v. Discernment, discretion.

DISCROWN (v.): mukuṭaṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. Crown.

DISCURSIVE:
     I Rambling: nānāviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ), and sim. comp. s.
     II Rational: tārkikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

DISCUS:
     I A quoit: cakram.
     II A disk: q. v.

DISCUSS (v.):
     I To disperse: q.v.
     II Debate: vicārayati (c. of car) (to consider thoroughly), (we will) d. whether different or not: bhidyante na veti vicāryate, S.

DISCUSSION: vicāraḥ, d. of the sense of passages: vākyārthavicāraṇā, S.: Ph.: now we will follow the subject under d.: samprati prakṛtamevānuvartāmahe, S.

DISCUSSIVE, DISCUTIENT: rasaghnaḥ (ghnī ghnaṃ) (?).

DISDAIN (v.): avajānāti (jñā, c. 9.): v. To despise. Ph.: who d. ed people as straws: tṛṇamiva paribhūto yasya garveṇa lokaḥ, Ve.

DISDAIN (subs.):
     1 avajñāḥ v. Contempt;
     2 ghṛṇāḥ v. Scorn.

DISDAINFUL: expr. by adv., his disdainful speech: sa yadavajñayovāca: v. Haughty, arrogant.

DISDAINFULLY:
     1 avajñayā;
     2 anādareṇa;
     3 sāvalepam.

DISDAINFULNESS: avalepaḥ (= haughtiness: q.v.).

DISEASE (subs.):
     1 rogaḥ (best equiv.), cured of mental d.: cikitsitamanorogaḥ (gā gaṃ), Vi. vii.;
     2 vyādhiḥ, oppressd with d. s: vyādhibhiḥ paripīḍitān, Bha.;
     3 gadaḥ, did not get over the d.: gadaṃ nātyagāt, R.;
     4 āmayaḥ, infectious d.: āmayaḥ sparśasañcārī, Raj.

DISEASED:
     1 rogagrasta (f. stā), a d. branch: rogagrastā śākhā, S. c.;
     2 rogopasṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), d. body: rogopasṛṣṭatanuḥ, R. viii. 94;
     3 vyādhitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Sick, ill. Ph.: he is d. both in body and mind: *tasya śarīramanasī rogākrānte.

DISEDGE:
     1 kuṇṭhayati (nomi.):
     2 kuṇṭhīkaroti.

DISEMBARK (v. i.):
     1 avatarati ava-, (tṝ, c. 1.), we d. ed on a rock: śīlāvalayamavatarāma, D.;
     2 avarohati (ruh, c. 1.).

DISEMBARK (v. t.): avatārayati (c. of tṛ);
     2 avaroha (pa) yati (c. of ruh).

DISEMBARKATION:
     1 avataraṇam;
     2 avarohaṇam (rare).

DISEMBARRASS: mocayati (muc, c. 10.): v. To free, extricate.

DISEMBARRASSMENT: mokṣaḥ: v. Release.

DISEMBITTER: tiktatāṃ nāśayati (c. of naś) or harati (hṛ, c. 1.).

DISEMBODIED:
     I Disbanded: q. v.
     II Freed from the body: vītaśarīraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Free from.

DISEMBOGUE: of rivers: v. To discharge.

DISEMBOWEL: antrāṇi apanayati (, c. 1.): v. To eviscerate.

DISEMBROIL: v. To disentangle, extricate.

DISENCHANT: Ph.: d. this place: *atrasthāṃ māyāṃ nāśaya or nirdhūnaya, etc.: I will d. you: *tava mohaṃ dūrīkaromi.

DISENCUMBER:
     I Lit.: bhāraṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1.) or apanayati (, c. 1.).
     II Fig.: to free: mocayati (muc, c. 10.).

DISENGAGE:
     I To detach: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ).
     II To release, free: mocayati (muca, c. 10.).

DISENGAGED: i. e. at leisure: na vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ); kāryavirataḥ (tā taṃ).

DISENGAGEMENT:
     I Release: q. v.: muktiḥ.
     II Separation: q.v.: viśleṣaṇam.
     III Leisure: q.v.: viśrāmaḥ.

DISENNOBLE: avanamayati (c. of nam): v. To degrade.

DISENTANGLE:
     I Lit.: vibhka(ja)ṭati (bhkaṭ or jaṭ, c. 1.) (??).
     II To extricate, free q. v.: mocayati.

DISENTITLE: adhikāraṃ nāśayati (c. of naś) or lumpati (lup, c. 6.) (with gen.).

DISENTRANCE: the king was d.: nṛpatestamo nunude, R.: v. Trance; to remove.

DISESTEEM (v.): avajānāti (jñā, c. 9.): v. To slight, disregard.

DISESTEEM (subs.): avajñā: v. Contempt.

DISFAVOUR (subs.): nigrahaḥ or avagrahaḥ (rare), the disposer of favours and d. s: anugrahāvagrahayorvidhātā, Si.: v. Favour and not. Ph.: finding himself suddenly in royal d.: akasmādeva prasādaparāṅmukhamavanipatimavalokya, P. i. 3.

DISFIGURATION: v. Disfigurement.

DISFIGURE (v.):
     1 virūpīkaroti or virūpayati (nomi.), to d. a face: mukhaṃ virūpayati, D.;
     2 vikaroti (rare), seeing himself d. d: ātmānaṃ vikṛtaṃ dṛṣṭvā, Mah.;
     3 vikalīkaroti (by depriving limbs), by whom my husband has been d. d: yena me patirvikalīkṛtaḥ, D.;
     4 vyaṅgayati (nomi.) (= 3), who can d. me: ko māṃ vyaṅgayituṃ samarthaḥ, P.

DISFIGUREMENT:
     I The state: vairūpyam.
     II The act: expr. by verb. Ph.: d. of limbs: vairūpyamaṅgeṣu, Ram.

DISFRANCHISE: *pauratvaṃ lumpati (lup, c. 6.) or harati (hṛ, c. 1.), d. d: *hṛtapauratvaḥ (tvā tvaṃ).

DISFRANCHISEMENT: *pauratvaharaṇam or -lopaḥ.

DISGORGE:
     1 udgirati, (gṝ, c. 6.);
     2 udvamati (vam, c. 1.).

DISGRACE (subs.):
     I Disfavour: q. v.
     II Dishonour, ignominy:
     1 apa(va)mānam, whose notions of honour and d. have been erased by decrepitude: jarāvaluptamānāvamānacittaḥ, D.;
     2 ava-mānanā vi-, (the act), Ku.;
     3 abhibhavaḥ or parābhavaḥ (rarely abhibhūtiḥ or parābhūtiḥ) (= humiliation), from fear of d.: abhibhūtibhayāt, Ki.;
     4 nikṛtiḥ or nyakkāraḥ (= insult), the d. of being removed from the first seat: agrāsanāpanayajā nikṛtiḥ, Mu.
     III That which brings disgrace. Ph.: there is nobody without some d.: nāstyakalaṅkaḥ ko'pi, Va.; the d. to the Paulastya race: paulastyakulapāṃsanaḥ, Vi.

DISGRACE (v.):
     I To dishonour:
     1 apamānayati ava- vi-, (c. of man);
     2 pari-bhavati parā- abhi-, (bhū, c. 1.), Vi.
     II To revile: q. v. garhayati vi-, (garh, c. 1.).

DISGRACEFUL:
     1 garhitaḥ vi-, (tā taṃ);
     2 ayaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= infamous):
     3 hnepaṇa (f. ṇī) (= shameful).

DISGRACEFULLY:
     1 mānamunmathya;
     2 expr. by adj.

DISGRACEFULNESS:
     1 garhitatā, etc.;
     2 better by adj.

DISGRACIOUS:
     1 prasādahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 prasādaparāṅbhu khaḥ (khā khaṃ), etc.

DISGUISE (subs.): chadman (n.), Takshaka coming in d.: chadmanopetya takṣakaḥ, Mah.; flow of ambrosia under the d. of sweat: svedacchadmāmṛtadravaḥ, Ra. ii.

DISGUISE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: Ph.: d. d as foresters: āṭavikacchadmanā, D.; we two d. d as Kāpālikas (beggars) āvāṃ kāpālikaveṣācchannau, D. viii.
     II To conceal: q. v.

DISGUISEDLY:
     1 chadmanā;
     2 chadmaveśena.

DISGUST (subs.):
     1 jugupsā;
     2 ghṛṇā, (my) d. being excited: samutpannaghṛṇaḥ, K.

DISGUST (v.): expr. by adj., ghṛṇāṃ janayati (c. of jan), utpādayati (c. of pad), etc. D. ed i. e. offended: viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

DISGUSTFUL, DISGUSTING (adj.):
     1 bībhatsa (f. tsā), with d. dresses: bibhatsavinyāsaiḥ, K.;
     2 udvegakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= alarming), d. even to the residents of the hell: narakavāsināmapyudvegakaram, K.

DISH (subs.):
     I A vessel: q. v.:
     1 śarāvaḥ;
     2 pātram.
     II A made-d.: how many d. s have you got: *kiyadvidhāni te bhojyāni.

DISH (v.): pātre or śarāve niveśayati (c. of viś).

DISHABILLE: v. Deshabille, undress.

DISHABIT (v.): nirvāsayati (c. of vas).

DISH-CLOTH, DISH-CLOUT: sammārjanapaṭaḥ.

DISH-COVER: pidhānam (?): v. Lid.

DISHEARTEN: v. D. ed and to make; to deject.

DISHEARTENED:
     1 magnamanas (mfn.):
     2 bhagnamānasaḥ (sā saṃ), and sim. comp.s.

DISHEVELLED: Ph.: with d. hair: prakīrṇakeśaḥ (śī śaṃ), Mah.; vikīrṇamūrddhajaḥ (jā jaṃ), Ku. asaṃyatākulālakaḥ (kā kaṃ), K.; and sim. comp.s.

DISHONEST: aśuci (mfn.): v. Honest and not.

DISHONESTLY:
     1 anyāyena;
     2 vañcayitvā (= deceiving), theft is taking other's property d.: vañcayitvā paradhanāpaharaṇaṃ steyam, Mit.

DISHONESTY:
     1 aśucitā or aśaucam: v. Honesty;
     2 jihmatā (= crookedness);
     3 chalam (= fraud).

DISHONOUR (subs.): ava(pa)mānam: v. Disgrace, ignominy.

DISHONOUR (v. t.):
     I To disgrace: q.v.: apamānayati (c. of man).
     II To defile; q.v.: in d. ing respectable women: kulavadhūnāṃ śīlapātane, D. III. Not to accept: pratyāravyāti (ravyā, c. 2.).

DISHONOURABLE:
     I Of acts: apayaśa- or ayaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Disgraceful.
     II Of men: mānahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), P. i. 3.

DISHONOURABLY: mānaṃ prabhṛjya: v. Disgracefully.

DISHONOURER:
     I In gen. sense: apamānakartṛ (m.).
     II A debaucher: q.v.

DISINCLINATION:
     1 anicchā;
     2 virakti: v. Aversion.

DISINCLINE: nivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To alienate.

DISINCLINED: anicchu (mfn.): v. Unwilling, averse.

DISINFECT:
     1 śodhayati (c. of śudh) (= to purify);
     2 apanudati (nud, c. 6.) (= to dispel).

DISINFECTION:
     1 śodhanam: v. Purification;
     2 niḥsāraṇam: v. Removal.

DISINGENUOUS: anṛju (mfn.): v. Insincere.

DISINGENUOUSLY: anṛjutayā: v. Insincerely, crookedly.

DISINGENUOUSNESS: anṛjutā: v. Insincerity, crookedness.

DISINHERIT:
     1 bhāgānīśaṃ (f. śāṃ) karoti (?);
     2 bhāgādhikāraṃ lumpati (lup, c. 6.) (?).

DISINTEGRATION:
     1 saṃhatibhedaḥ;
     2 viśleṣaḥ (= disunion).

DISINTER: utkhanati (khan, c. 6.) (= to dig up).

DISINTERESTED:
     1 niḥsaṅga (f. ṅgā), H.;
     2 apakṣapātin (f. ) (= impartial);
     2 nirīhaḥ (hā haṃ) (= indifferent).

DISINTERESTEDLY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 vipakṣapātam.

DISINTERESTDNESS:
     1 niḥsaṅgatā;
     2 apakṣapātitā.

DISJOIN: viyojayati (c. of yuj): v. To separate.

DISJOINT:
     I To dislocate: q. v.
     II To break into pieces: q. v. D. ed: i. e. unconnected: asambaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

DISJOINTLY: v. Separately.

DISJUNCTION: viśleṣaḥ: v. Disunion, separation.

DISJUNCTIVE: Ph.: d. conjunction: *vikalpasūcakamavyayam; d. proposition: vikalpaḥ, Sr.

DISJUNCTIVELY: v. Disjunctive, separately.

DISK:
     1 bimba (mn.) (the best equiv.);
     2 paridhiḥ;
     3 pariveśaḥ.

DISLIKE (subs.): virāgaḥ: v. Aversion, hatred.

DISLIKE (v.): dveṣṭi vi-, (dviṣ, c. 2.) (= to hate), d. s what is pleasing: ramyaṃ dveṣṭi, Sa.: v. To like and not; Ph.: and will d. and leave her viraktaścaināṃ tyakṣyati, D.

DISLOCATE:
     I To disjoint: sandheḥ cālayati (c. of cal); visandhīkaroti. D. d:
     1 sandhimuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), Sr.;
     2 sandhiviśliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Bha.
     II To displace: q. v.

DISLOCATION:
     I The act: visandhīkaraṇam.
     II The state:
     1 sandhimuktiḥ;
     2 sandhiviśleṣaḥ.

DISLODGE: nirvāsayati (c. of vasa): v. To drive out.

DISLOYAL: bhaktihīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Mu: v. Unfaithful, treacherous. Ph.: d. to a king: rājaviruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), Mu.

DISLOYALLY: abhattayā: v. Treacherously.

DISLOYALTY: bhaktihīnatā: v. Unfaithfulness, treachery.

DISMAL:
     1 aprasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (= cheerless);
     2 dāruṇa (f. ṇā) (= dreadful);
     3 saśokaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= sorrowful).

DISMALLY:
     1 dāruṇam (= horribly);
     2 saśokam (= sorrowfully).

DISMALNESS:
     1 dāruṇatā;
     2 aprasādaḥ: v. Horror, gloom.

DISMANTLE:
     I Lit.: to disrobe: q. v.
     II Fig.: prob. nagnīkaroti.

DISMAST (v.): kūpakaṃ or guṇavṛkṣaṃ harati apa-, (hṛ, c. 1.) (with gen.). D. ed: hṛta- or vīta -kūpakaḥ (kā kaṃ), etc.

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DISMAY (subs.):
     I Terror: q. v.: sādhvasam.
     II Ruin: q.v.

DISMAY: (v.): santrāsayati (c. of tras): v. To terrify. D. ed: santrastaḥ (stā staṃ); sādhvasaparītaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

DISMEMBER: vighaṭayati (ghaṭ, c. 10.): v. To sever; also to mutilate.

DISMEMBERMENT: vighaṭanam: v. Separation, mutilation.

DISMISS:
     I To let go: visarjayati (sṛj, c. 10.), d. ing the princes: visarjitarājalokaḥ, K. II. From an office: expr. by
     1 bhraṃśayati pari- pra-, (c. of bhraṃś);
     2 cyāvayati pari- pra-, (c. of cyu);
     3 avaropayati (c. of ruh);
     4 apakarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.);
     5 ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) etc.: favour is replacing of Bhadrabhaṭa and Purusha Dutta who have been already d. ed: anugrahastāvadākṣiptādhikārayorbhadrabhaṭapuruṣadattayoḥ punaradhikārāropaṇameva, Mu.; whether you do not d. from their employments without first finding some fault: kaccit......nāpakarṣasi karmabhyaḥ pūrvamaprāpya kilviṣam, Mah.; d. ing from their places: svādhikārāmyāmavaropya, Mu.; without being d. ed: abhraṣṭapadaḥ, D.
     III To reject: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.). To decree and d.: jayaparājayau vidadhāti, D.

DISMISSAL., DISMISSION:
     I Leave to depart: visarjanam.
     II From employment: adhikāracyutiḥ, Nil, and sim. comp. s etc.: v. To dismiss (II).

DISMOUNT (v. t.):
     1 avarohati;
     2 avatarati: v. To get down.

DISMOUNT (v. i.): pātayati (c. of pat), d. s and kicks: pātayati pādena tāḍayati, Mr. vi.

DISOBEDIENCE:
     1 ājñābhaṅgaḥ, do not brook d.: nājñābhaṅgaṃ sahante, Mu.
     2 ādeśalaṅghanam;
     3 śāsanavyatikramaḥ, etc.

DISOBEDIENT:
     1 ājñābhaṅgakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 nirdeśalaṅghin (f. );
     3 pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ) (= refractory), H.

DISOBEY: ājñāṃ na pratipālayati (pāl, c. 10.), or manakti (bhañj, c. 7.) (= break), or laṅghayati (= transgress: q. v.).

DISOBLIGE: v. To oblige and not; to offend.

DISOBLIGING: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Uncivil, disagreeable.

DISOBLIGINGLY:
     1 pratīpam;
     2 adākṣiṇyena;
     3 savinayāparādham.

DISOBLIGINESS:
     1 pratīpatā;
     2 adākṣiṇyam;
     3 vinayāparādhaḥ.

DISORDER (subs.):
     I Confusion: threw the encampment in d.: senāniveśaṃ tumulaṃ cakāra, R. v. 49.; the entire Zenana was threwn in d.: sakalamevāntaḥpuramākulībabhūva, D.
     II Tumult: q. v.: tumulam.
     III Disease: q. v.: pīḍā.

DISORDER (v.):
     I To confuse, discompose: ākulīkaroti.
     II To derange: doṣān janayati (c. of jan) (?).

DISORDERLY:
     I In confusion: v. Disorder (I).
     II Not in proper order:
     1 viśṛṅkhalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 viparyastaḥ (stā staṃ).
     III Turbulent, unruly: q. v.

DISORGANISATION:
     I The act: ucchedaḥ: v. Destruction.
     II The state: ucchṛṅkhalatā.

DISORGANISE:
     I To destroy, break up: ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.).
     II To disorder: q. v.

DISOWN: pratyākhyāti, (khyā, c. 2.): v. To dent.

DISPARAGE: adhikṣipati ā-, (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To detract, censure.

DISPARAGEMENT:
     I Detraction, disgrace: q. v.: adhikṣepaḥ.
     II Insult: q. v.

DISPARAGER: adhikṣepakaḥ: v. Detractor.

DISPARAGING: (adj.): expr. by comp., d. remarks: ākṣepavacaḥ, Ki.

DISPARAGINGLY: expr. by circumlo: v. Detractingly.

DISPARITY:
     1 vaiṣamyam: v. Inequality:
     2 bhedaḥ: v. Difference.

DISPASSIONED, DISPASSIONATE:
     1 vītarāgaḥ (gā gaṃ);
     2 vītaspṛhaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ): v. Calm.

DISPASSIONATELY: praśāntam: v. Calmly, impartially.

DISPATCH: v. DespakS.

DISPEL:
     1 nudati apa- apā- vyapā-, (nud, c. 6.), d. ed his doubt: tasya vitarkaṃ nunoda, Ki. iv. 5.;
     2 nir-asyati apa- ut-, (asa, c. 4.) (= to throw off), darkness has been d. ed: tamo nirastam, R. v. 71.;
     3 nir-dhūnoti ava-, (dhū, c. 5.) (= to shake off), d. ing your ignorance arising from inadvertence: nirdhaya tamaḥ pramādajam, Ki. ii. 22.: v. To remove, drive away.

DISPENSARY: auṣadhaśālā (?); auṣadhālayaḥ (?); etc.

DISPENSATION:
     I Distribution: q. v.
     II Divine d.: niyamaḥ: v. Order.
     III Legal: ādeśaḥ: v. Also exemption.

DISPENSATOR, DISPENSER: v. Distributor.

DISPENSATORY: Ph.: d. power: *muktidā kṣamatā.

DISPENSE (v.):
     I To distribute: q. v.
     II To d. with: Ph.: I cannot d. with a cap: *śirastraṃ vinā sthātuṃ na śaknomi; he can d. with your presence: *tavānupasthitimanumantuṃ śaktaḥ.

DISPERSE (v. t.): kirati vi-, (kṝ, c. 6.), d. ed up, sidewise, and down: ūrddhantiraścīnamadhaśca kīrṇaiḥ, Ki.: v. To scatter, diffuse, dispel.

DISPERSE (v. i.):
     1 vi-sarati pra- vipra-, (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To spread;
     2 naśyati (naś, c. 4.) (= to vanish). Ph.: d. ed to their several homes: svaṃ svaṃ gṛhaṃ jagmuḥ.

DISPERSEDLY:
     1 sarvataḥ (= on all sides);
     2 itastataḥ (= here and there)

DISPERSION:
     1 vikiraṇam (= spreading);
     2 visarpaṇam (= diffusion);
     3 better by verb.: "the jews in their d.": bahudhāgatā ihudayaḥ (= after Ki.).

DISPIRIT: sattvaṃ or tejo bhraṃśayati (c. of bhraṃś): v. To discourage, disheartened.

DISPLACE:
     I To put out of place: viparyasyati (as, c. 4.).
     II To remove: q. v.
     III To discharge: padāt ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), bhraṃśayati, (c. of bhraṃś) etc., who d.d Nahusha from the post of Indra: padānmaghonaḥ prabhraṃśayāṃ yo nahuṣaṃ cakāra, R.

DISPLACEMENT:
     I Lit.: viparyāsaḥ.
     II Removal, discharge: q. v.

DISPLAY (v. t.):
     1 darśayati (c. of dṛś): v. To exhibit;
     2 prathayati (c. of prath): v. Known, to make. To d. itself: v. To reveal.

DISPLAY (subs.): vikāśaḥ: v. Show. Ph.: d. s of poetic genius: kavitvaśaktervilāsāḥ, N.

DISPLEASE:
     1 asantoṣaṃ janayati (c. of jan);
     2 better by adj. asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Also to enrage.

DISPLEASING (adj.): asantoṣakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Unpleasant.

DISPLEASURE: asantoṣaḥ: v. Anger, dislike.

DISPORT:
     I Subs: v. Play.
     II Verb: v. To amuse, play.

DISPOSABLE:
     1 pradeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be given);
     2 viniyojya (f. jyā) or yoktavya (f. vyā) (what can be employed).

DISPOSAL:
     I Arrangement: q. v.:
     1 vinyāsaḥ;
     2 viracanā.
     II Regulation, management: q. v.: nirvāhaḥ.
     III Bestowal: q. v.
     IV Power, control, pleasure: q. v.: Ph.: since I saw you, I am at your d.: darśanāt prabhṛti paravānayaṃ janaḥ, K.; this is at your d.: atra prabhavati (bhū, c. 1.) bhavatī.

DISPOSE:
     I To arrange: q. v.: vinyasyati (as, c. 4.).
     II To employ, apply: q. v.: viniyojayati (yuj, c. 10.).
     III To incline, impel: pracodayati, (cud, c. 10.). D. d: i. e. bent: -pravaṇa (f. ṇā) or -śīlaḥ (lā laṃ) in comp. Ph.: I am not d. d to follow you: tavānuvṛttiṃ na ca kartumutsahe (sah, c. 1.), Ku.

DISPOSE OF:
     I To direct, employ: q. v.: nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.).
     II To get rid of:
     1 dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To give;
     2 vikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.): v. To sell.
     III To finish: q. v.: samāpayati (c. of āp).

DISPOSER:
     1 vidhātṛ (m.);
     2 niyantṛ (m.).

DISPOSITION:
     I Disposal, arrangement: q. v.
     II Character: q. v.: svabhāvaḥ.
     III Tendency, inclination: q. v.: pravaṇatā.

DISPOSSESS: niṣkāsayati (c. of kas), "d. the swain": *bhūmergrāmikaṃ niṣkāsaya: v. To drive away, deprive.

DISPOSSESSION: niṣkāsanam (?).

DISPROOF: nirākaraṇam; v. Refutation.

DISPROPORTION:
     I Lit.:
     1 expr. by circumlo.;
     2 vaiṣamyam.
     II Unsuitableness: ayogyatā.

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DISPROPORTIONATE, DISPROPORTIONED: na tulādhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), Vi.: v. Unequal, inadeequate.

DISPROPORTIONATELY:
     1 viṣamam: v. Unqually:
     2 asaṅgatam: v. Unsuitably:
     3 better by circumlo.

DISPROVE: nirākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To refute.

DISPUTABLE:
     1 vivadanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vivaditavya (f. vyā).

DISPUTANT:
     1 vivadamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 vivādin (f. ).

DISPUTATION: vivādaḥ: v. Dispute.

DISPUTATIOUS:
     1 vivādapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vivādaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

DISPUTATIOUSLY: v. Obstinately.

DISPUTE (subs.):
     1 vivādaḥ, I do not like even their d.: eteṣāṃ vivāda eva na me rocate, Mal. i.; if a d. arises about boundaries: sīmāṃ prati samutpanne vivāde, M.;
     2 kalahaḥ (= altercation);
     3 vicāraḥ (= discussion);
     4 vādaḥ (= controversy).

DISPUTE (v.):
     I To debate, altercate:
     1 vivadate (vad, c. 1.), by the cries of people d. ing amongst themselves: anyonyaṃ vivadamānānāṃ prajānāmākrośaiḥ, D. viii.;
     2 kalahāyate (nomi.) (= to quarrel), d. ing with a sage named Mandu: mandunāmnā muninā saha kalahāyamānaḥ, C. Ph.: a d. d point: vivādapadam, M.
     II To deny: q. v.: vivadate, it is not to be d. d here: naivātra vivaditavyam, S.

DISPUTELESS: nirvivādaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Undisputed.

DISPUTER:
     I A denier: q. v.: vivaditṛ (m.).
     II One fond of disputes: vivādapriyaḥ, and sim comp. s.

DISQUALIFICATION:
     I Disability: pratyūhaḥ (= obstacle).
     II Defect: nirguṇaḥ.

DISQUALIFY: expr. by akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= incapable) or ayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ) (= unworthy).

DISQUIET (subs.): vyākulatā: v. Anxiety, uneasiness.

DISQUIET (v.): ākulayati (nomi.): v. To disturb, agitate. D.: v. Restless, uneasy.

DISQUIETNESS, DISQUIETUDE: v. Disquiet.

DISQUISITION: vicāraḥ: v. Discussion.

DISREGARD (subs.):
     1 anādaraḥ;
     2 upekṣā: v. Neglect, contempt.

DISREGARD (v.):
     1 upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), a rising enemy should not be d. ed: uttiṣṭhamānaḥ paro nopekṣyaḥ, Si.;
     2 avadhīrayati (dhīr, c. 10.), this is the fruit of d. ing the advice of a friend: avadhīritasuhṛdvākyasya phalametat;
     3 na ādriyate (dṛ, c. 6.) v. To care and not; despise.

DISREGARDFUL: v. Regardless, negligent.

DISRELISH (subs.):
     1 aruciḥ;
     2 anabhiruciḥ. Ph.: arises d. for food: nānne rucirbhavati, Sr.

DISRELISH (v.): na abhinandati (nand, c. 1.), K.: v. To relish; not.

DISREPUTABLE: apayaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Infamous, scandalous. A d. person: abhiśastaḥ, Y.

DISREPUTE: avajñā: v. Disgrace, infamy.

DISRESPECT (subs.): asammānam: v. Disregard.

DISRESPECT (v.):
     1 na sammānayati (c. of man);
     2 upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).

DISRESPECTFUL: sammānarahitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Insolent, uncivil.

DISRESPECTFULLY:
     1 vītasammānam, etc.;
     2 upekṣayā (= disregardfully);
     3 anādareṇa (= disdainfully).

DISROBE:
     1 vivastrayati (nomi.);
     2 vivastrīkaroti;
     3 by circumlo., every body has been d. d except one--Bhīshma: ekaṃ śāntanavaṃ hitvā sarve vivasanāḥ kṛtāḥ, Dh.

DISRUPTION:
     I Lit.: sphuṭanam: v. To burst.
     II Fig.: bhedaḥ. v. Rupture.

DISSATISFACTION:
     1 asantoṣaḥ;
     2 viraktiḥ

DISSATISFY: expr. by past part. D. ed:
     1 asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

DISSECT:
     I Medically: vyavacchinatti (chid, c. 7.).
     II To examine minutely: khaṇḍaśaḥ samālocayati (loc, c. 10.) (?).

DISSECTION:
     I Lit.: vyavacchedaḥ.
     II Fig.: khaṇḍaśaḥ samālocanā (?).

DISSECTOR: vyavacchedakārin (m.) (?); vyavacchedakaḥ (?).

DISSEMBLE: nihnute apa-, (hnu, c. 2.), Mu.: v. To conceal.

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DISSEMBLER:
     1 ni-hnotrṛ apa-, (m.);
     2 chāhmikaḥ (= hypocrite).

DISSEMBLINGLY: ni-hnu tya apa-: v. Falsely.

DISSEMINATE:
     I To disperse: prakirati (kṝ, c. 6.), seeds d. d on the ground: bījāni prakīrṇāni mahītale, Vri.
     II To spread: prasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), the rumour d. d in every direction: pratidiśaṃ lokavādaḥ prāsarpat, D.

DISSEMINATION:
     1 prakiraṇam;
     2 prasarpaṇam: v. Above.

DISSEMINATOR: expr. by verb.

DISSENTION:
     I Disagreement: bhedaḥ.
     II Quarrel: q. v.: kalahaḥ.

DISSENT (subs.):
     1 vaimatyam;
     2 asammatiḥ.

DISSENT (v.): vaimatyaṃ or asammatiṃ prakāśayati (c. of kāś). Ph.: without a d. ing voice: vinā kasyāpi vaimatyena or sarveṣāmevaikamatyena.

DISSENTER: *vimatin (f. ).

DISSENTIENT: Ph.: without a d. voice: *vinā kasyāpi vaimatyena.

DISSERTATION:
     1 prabandhaḥ;
     2 nibandhaḥ.

DISSERVE: apakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To injure, disoblige.

DISSERVICE: apakāraḥ: v. Injury, disadvantage.

DISSEVER: v. To sever.

DISSIMILAR:
     I Unlike: q. v.: asadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ).
     II Different: q. v.: bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

DISSIMILARITY:
     1 asādṛśyam (= unlikeness): q. v.;
     2 vibhinnatā (= difference: q. v.).

DISSIMULATION: chalam: v. Hypocricy, deceit.

DISSIPATE:
     I To disperse: q. v.: vikirati (kṝ, c. 6.).
     II To squander, consume: avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

DISSIPATED (adj.): i. e. dissolute:
     1 khaṇḍitavṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 naṣṭacaritraḥ (trā traṃ).

DISSIPATION:
     I Dispersion: vikṣepaḥ.
     II Gay, vicious life: anukāmīnatā (?), B.; lāmpaṭyam (= debauchery).

DISSOCIATE: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ): v. To separate.

DISSOCIATION: viśleṣaḥ: v. Separation.

DISSOLUBLE: drāvyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ): v. Soluble.

DISSOLUTE:
     1 ucchṛṅkhalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 uddāmaḥ (mā maṃ), d. youths: uddāmāni yauvanāni, Me.: v. Lewd.

DISSOLUTENESS:
     1 ucchṛṅkhalatā;
     2 lāmpaṭyam (= lewdness).

DISSOLUTION:
     I The act:
     1 vidrāvaṇam;
     2 vilayanam;
     3 vigalanama.
     II The state:
     1 layaḥ vi- pra-;
     2 galanam vi-;
     3 drutiḥ vi-.

DISSOLVE (v. i.):
     1 dravati vi-, (dru, c. 1.), d. quick: drava drutam, N.;
     2 galati vi-, (gal, c. 1.), difference and identity have d. d: bhedābhedau galitau, J.;
     3 līyate vi- pra-, (, c. 4.), the star of the living world d. s: jīvalokatilakaḥ pralīyate, Ma.

DISSOLVE (v. t.): drāvayati vi-, (c. of dru): v. To melt. To d. a parliament: mahāsabhāṃ drāvayati (?): v. Also to break up.

DISSONANCE, DISSONANCY: v. Discord.

DISSONANT:
     I Discordant: visvaraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Discrepant: q. v.

DISSUADE (v.): vārayati ni-, (vṛ, c. 10.), I generously d. you: kāruṇyāttvāṃ vārayāmi, Mah.: v. To prevent; to advise.

DISSUADER:
     1 nivārakaḥ;
     2 nivartayitṛ (m.).

DISSUASION:
     1 nivāraṇam;
     2 nivartanam.

DISSUASIVELY:
     1 nivārya;
     2 nivartya.

DISSYLLABIC: dvyakṣaraḥ (rā raṃ).

DISSYLLABLE:
     1 dvyakṣaram;
     2 dvyakṣaraḥ śabdaḥ.

DISTAFF:
     1 tarkuḥ;
     2 tarkuṭī.

DISTANCE (subs.):
     I Space:
     1 bhūmiḥ (= space: q. v.), (I) have come such a d.: etāvatīṃ bhūmimāyātaḥ, K.;
     2 adhvan (= way: q. v.), by what d. am I separated from my forces: kiyatādhvanā vicchinnamito balaṃ me, K.
     II Remoteness:
     1 dūram, from a d.: dūrāt, P.; (my) darling (is) at a d.: dūre dayitā, Mu.; what is d. to the active: kiṃ dūraṃ vyavasāyinām, H.:
     2 antaram (= interval), trees at a d. of three leagues: trigavyūtyantaradrumāḥ, B. p.;
     3 viprakarṣaḥ, d. of time: kālaviprakarṣaḥ, Vi.
     III In association: aviśrambhatā, K.: v. Also respect.

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DISTANCE (v.):
     1 dūrīkaroti vi-, garden plants have been d. d by wild plants: dūrīkṛtā udyānalatā vanalatābhiḥ, Sa.;
     2 davayati (nomi.). (rare), d. ing the places reached: davayatprāptamūrvīvibhāgam, B.

DISTANT:
     I Of objects: dūrastha (f. sthā). Ph.: the temple is not d. far: nātidūre siddhāyatanam.
     II Of relations, etc.:
     1 dūraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 viprakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (rare).
     III Not cordial: aviśrambhaḥ (mbhā mbhaṃ).
     IV Discrepant, repugnant: vibhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

DISTANTLY:
     I Remotely: dūra- in comp.
     II Not cordially: aviśrambham.

DISTASTE: aruciḥ: v. Disrelish, dislike.

DISTASTEFUL:
     I Of the palate:
     1 aruci (mfn.);
     2 arucyaḥ (cyā cyaṃ). Ph.: is d. to the satiated: tṛptāya na svadate, N.
     II Offensive, unpleasant: q. v.:
     1 aruciraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 arucyaḥ (cyā cyaṃ).

DISTASTEFULNESS:
     1 arucitā;
     2 aruciratā; etc.

DISTEMPER:
     I Disease: q. v.: pīḍā.
     II Tumult: q. v.
     III Uneasiness: vyākulatā.

DISTEMPERED:
     I Diseased: pīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Disturbed: vyākulaḥ (lā laṃ).

DISTEND: ā-dhamati (dhmā, c. 1.): v. To inflate, swell.

DISTENS(T)ION: ādhmānam: v. Inflation, extent.

DISTICH:
     1 ślokaḥ (= verse);
     2 yugmakam (= a couple of verses).

DISTILL (v. i.):
     I To drop: q. v.
     II To flow: q. v.
     III To use a still: *madyaniṣkarṣaṃ karoti.

DISTILL (v. t.):
     I To let fall: pātayati (c. of pat).
     II To extract: niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (?).

DISTILLATION: *madyaniṣkarṣaḥ: v. To distill.

DISTILLER: *madyaniṣkarṣakaḥ.

DISTILLERY: *madyaniṣkarṣaśālā.

DISTINCT:
     I Different, separate: q. v.
     1 vibhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 viviktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (in philo), S.
     II Clear: spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Clear (III).

DISTINCTION:
     I Difference: q. v.: viśeṣaḥ, what d. have I between you and him: kaḥ khalu me tvayi tsmiṃśca viśeṣaḥ, K.; to find d.: viśeṣam avāpnoti, N.; ignorance of d. s: aviśeṣajñatā, K.; without d.: nirviśeṣeṇa: v. Promiscuously.
     II Discrimination: vivekaḥ.
     III Division: q. v.: vibhāgaḥ.
     IV Eminence:
     1 pratiṣṭhā;
     2 gauravam;
     3 khyātiḥ (= renown).

DISTINCTIVE:
     1 viśeṣakaḥ (f. ṣikā);
     2 bhedaka (f. dikā);
     3 viśeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (= peculiar).

DISTINCTIVELY: saviśeṣam or viśeṣeṇa.

DISTINCTLY:
     I Separately: q.v.
     II Clearly: q. v.: saviśeṣam or viśeṣeṇa, d. appears to me: saviśeṣaṃ me pratibhāti, Ku. v. 35.
     III In distinct words: bhinnārtham, Sa.

DISTINCTNESS:
     I Difference:
     1 bhinnatā;
     2 pārthakyam.
     II Clearness: q. v.: spaṣṭatā.

DISTINGUISH:
     I In gen.:
     1 vivinakti (vic, c. 7.) (mentally), who can sufficiently d. what is good and what is not good: yaḥ śubhamidaṃ na śubhamidamiti vivektumalam, K.;
     2 viśinaṣṭi (śiṣ, c. 7.) (= to particularize), d. es the sage in seven (verses): saptabhirmuniṃ viśinaṣṭi, M. n.;
     3 paricchinatti (chid, c. 7.) (= to mark out), the reverend lady should d. us as to our merits: bhagavatī nau guṇadoṣataḥ paricchettumarhati, Mah.;
     4 pṛthakkaroti (= to separate: q. v.);
     5 vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.) (= to divide: q. v.).
     II To d. oneself: pratiṣṭhāṃ or utkarṣaṃ or khayātiṃ labhate (labh, c. 1.), who d. ed himself in winning the affection of his people: prajārañjanalabdhavarṇaḥ, R.

DISTINGUISHING (part. adj.): bhedaka (f. dikā), d. property: bhedako guṇaḥ, Si. ii.: v. Distinctive.

DISTINGUISHED: i. e. famous: q. v.:
     1 labdhapratiṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ);
     2 viśrutaḥ (tā taṃ);

DISTORT:
     I To disfigure: q. v.: virūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     II To twist: q. v. vyākuñcayati.
     III To pervert: q. v.

DISTORTION:
     I Crookedness, deformity: q. v.
     II Perversion: q. v.

DISTRACT:
     I To draw away: q. v.: apakarṣati (kṛṣa, c. 1.).
     II To confuse: ākulīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 mohayati vi-, (c. of muha).
     III To make mad: d. ed mind: pravikṣiptaṃ cetaḥ, Ma.: v. Mad.

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DISTRACTEDLY:
     1 kṣiptavat;
     2 kṣiptacetas (mfn.): v. Madly.

DISTRACTEDNESS: kṣiptatā: v. Madness.

DISTRACTION:
     I Drawing away: apakarṣaḥ -ṇam.
     II Diversion: q. v.
     III Agitation, perplexity: q. v.: kṣobhaḥ.
     IV Disorder: q.v. V. Madness: q. v.: kṣiptatā.

DISTRAIN: *sampīḍya gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.).

DISTRAINT: *sampīḍanagrahaṇam.

DISTRAUGHT: v. Distract.

DISTRESS (subs.):
     I Misery, affliction:
     1 duḥkham, seeing no end of (my) d.: duḥkhasyāntamapaśyantī, Mat.;
     2 kaṣṭam;
     3 śokaḥ (= sorrow);
     4 kleśaḥ (= pain).
     II Calamity: q. v.: āpad (f.).
     III A state of danger: kṛcchram.
     IV Distraining: *sampīḍanagrahaṇam.

DISTRESS (v.):
     I To afflict:
     1 vyathayati (c. of vyath);
     2 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.);
     3 duḥkhākaroti. D. ed:
     1 duḥkhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vyathitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To distrain: q. v.

DISTRESSFUL: v. Distressing.

DISTRESSING (adj.):
     1 kaṣṭakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vyathakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 duḥkhabahulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 by subs, what can be more d.: tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim, G.; what else will be more d. to narrate: kiṃ vāparamataḥ kaṣṭataramākhyeyamanyadbhaviṣyati, K.

DISTRESSINGLY: v. Piteously.

DISTRIBUTE:
     1 vi-majati (maj, c. 1.) (= to divide: q. v.);
     2 vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.) (= to give: q. v.);
     3 vinyasyati (as, c. 4.) (= to arrange as of d. ing types);
     4 parikalpayati (kḷp, c. 1.) (= to assign).

DISTRIBUTION:
     1 vibhāgaḥ (= division);
     2 visargaḥ (= giving), taking is for d.: ādānaṃ hi visargāya, R.;
     3 vinyāsaḥ (= arrangement).

DISTRIBUTIVE: Ph.: D. justice: *vibhāgakāridharmaḥ; d. adjective: *vibhāgavyañjakaṃ viśeṣaṇam.

DISTRIBUTIVELY:
     1 vibhāgaśaḥ;
     2 savibhāgena.

DISTRIBUTER:
     1 vibhāgakartṛ (m.);
     2 dātṛ (= giver: q. v.).

DISTRICT:
     1 pradeśaḥ (?);
     2 maṇḍalam (?): v. Country, region.

DISTRUST (subs.):
     1 aviśvāsaḥ;
     2 apratyayaḥ v. Suspicion, doubt.

DISTRUST (v.):
     1 na viśvasiti, etc.: v. To believe;
     2 śaṅkate (śaṅk, c. 1.): v. To suspect.

DISTRUSTFUL:
     I Suspicious: q. v.: aviśvāsin (f. ).
     II D. of: expr. by verb.

DISTRUSTFULLY:
     1 aviśvāsena;
     2 sāśaṅkam (= apprehensivly), and d. followed by Rati: ratyā ca sāśaṅkamanuprayātaḥ, Ku.

DISTURB:
     I To derange:
     1 viprakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 ākulīkaroti (to confuse).
     II To agitate: q. v.: ākulīkaroti.
     III To interrupt: q. v.: pratibadhnāti (bandh, c. 7.).

DISTURBANCE:
     I Commotion, disorder: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.
     II Agitation: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.
     III In law, perh. bhaṅgaḥ.
     IV The act: expr. by verb.

DISTURBER:
     1 saṃkṣomakaḥ (= agitator);
     2 viprakartṛ (m.) (= deranger);
     3 bhañjakaḥ (= interrupter).

DISUNION:
     I Separation: q. v.: viyogaḥ.
     II Disagreement: q. v.: bhedaḥ.

DISUNITE: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To separate.

DISUSE (subs.):
     1 avyavahāraḥ: v. Use;
     2 virāmaḥ: v. Cessation. To fall into d.: vilumpati (lup, c. 6.), V. p.

DISUSE (v.): v. To use and not.

DISUSED: Ph.: d. to toil: ajñātapariśramaḥ (mā maṃ); d. from pain: viratavedanaḥ (nā naṃ).

DITCH (subs.):
     1 parikhā (= moat), the d. es were filled up with spikes: parikhāḥ kīlaiḥ sunicitāḥ kṛtāḥ, Mah.;
     2 khātam (= trench), near the d.: upakhātam, D.

DITCH (v. t.):
     I To surround with a moat: parikhayā veṣṭayati (c. of veṣṭ).
     II To dig a d.: khātaṃ karoti (with loc.).

DITCHER:
     1 parikhākhanakaḥ;
     2 khātakāraḥ.

DITTANY: śākabhedaḥ.

DITTO:
     I Adj. or subs.: tathā.
     II Verb.: tathāstu vadati (vad, c. 1.) (?).

DITTY: gītam: v. Song.

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DIURETIC: mūtralaḥ (lā laṃ), Sr.

DIURNAL: āhnikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Daily.

DIVAN:
     I A council: q. v.: sabhā.
     II A c. -chamber: indrakam.
     III A sofa: *divyāsanam.

DIVE (v.):
     I To plunge: vi-gāhate vyava-, (gāh, c. 1.), they d. d into the Sarayū (for it), (but) were unsuccessful: bandhyaśramāste sarayūṃ vigāhya, R.
     II Fig.: v. Bottom, absorb.

DIVER:
     I One who dives: vigāhakaḥ. A river -d.: nadīṣṇaḥ, R.
     II A bird:
     1 jalakākaḥ;
     2 madguḥ;
     3 plavaḥ (applied also to other aquatic birds).

DIVERGE:
     I As opposed to converge: visarpati (sṛp, c. 1.) (?).
     II To deviate: q. v.
     III To differ: q. v.

DIVERGENCE: v. Deviation, difference.

DIVERGENT: visarpin (f. ṇī) (?).

DIVERS:
     1 anekaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 nānā-, d. coloured: nānāvarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) or nānārāgavirāgaḥ (gā gaṃ), Mah.: v. Several.

DIVERSE:
     I Different: q. v.: bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ)
     II Various: q. v.:
     1 nānāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 pṛthagvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), Ki.

DIVERSIFICATION: bhedaḥ (= difference: q. v.).

DIVERSIFY:
     I To variegate: q. v.
     II To distinguish: q.v. viśinaṣṭi: (śiṣ, c. 7.).

DIVERSION:
     I The act of turning aside: apavāhanam.
     II Amusement, sport: q. v.: vinodaḥ -nam, your friend without any d.: nivinodāṃ sakhīṃ te, Me.; wishing for d. by a war: raṇena vinodamicchan, Si.
     III Mil. t.t: expr. by verb: v. To divert (III).

DIVERSITY:
     I Dissimilitude: bhinnatā.
     II Variety: nānāvidhatvam; better by adj.
     III Distinctness: pṛthaktvam.

DIVERT:
     I To turn aside: apavāhayati (c. of vaha).
     II To amuse: q. v.: vinodayati (c. of nud).
     III Mil. t.t.: expr. by circumlo.: d. ing the enemy by appearing in front: purastu darśanaṃ dattvā tallakṣyakṛtaniścayāt, Ka. xviii. 57.

DIVERTING (adj.): vinodin (f. ); vinodakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

DIVERTINGLY: expr. by part., vinodayan (f. ntī).

DIVEST (v.):
     I To strip: harati (hṛ, c. 1.), and soon d. ed him of his armour: jahāra cāsmādacireṇa varma, Ki. To d. of clothes: vivastrayati (nomi.) or vivastrīkaroti.
     II To deprive: q. v.: harati.

DIVIDE (v. t.):
     I To apportion:
     1 bhajati (commonly) vi- pravi- saṃ-, (bhaj, c. 1.), after the demise of the father, the sons should d. his property: pitaryūrddhaṃ gate putrā vibhajeyurdhanaṃ pituḥ, N. s.; d. d among the two wives: patnyorvibheje, R. x. 54.;
     2 vaṇṭayati (vaṇṭ, c. 10.), the rest should be d. d: śeṣaṃ vaṇṭanīyam, Viv.
     II In arith:
     1 bhajati vi-, d. ing (we) get the quotient: bhajanāllabdho guṇyaḥ, Li.;
     2 harati (hṛ, c. 1.) d. d by the remainder: śeṣairhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), Li.
     III To sever, separate, cut into pieces: q. v.: vibhajati, as the Meru was not d. d and made over to the beggars: vibhajya merurna yadarthisātkṛtaḥ, N. To d. into two: dvidhākaroti; into three parts: tridhākaroti, Ve.
     IV In opinion or interest: Ph.: (they are) neither combined nor d. d: na saṃhatā na bhinnavṛttayaḥ, Ki. i. 19.

DIVIDE (v. i.):
     1 vibhaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) bhavati;
     2 vibhajyate (pass.) (rare).

DIVIDEND:
     I In arith: bhājyaḥ, Li.
     II A share made by division: aṃśaḥ (= share); lāmaḥ (= profit).

DIVIDER: bhājakaḥ vibhājakaḥ.

DIVINATION: v. Prophecy; augury; divine (v.) (III).

DIVINE (adj.):
     1 divyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ) (best equiv.), d. hide: divyamajinam, S. p.; d. bed: śayanaṃ divyam, Mah.;
     2 daivaḥ (vī vaṃ), d. language: daivī vāka, U.;
     3 by comp, d. intellect: devadhīḥ, B.;
     4 amānuṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ) (= not human); apārthivaḥ (vī vaṃ) (not earthly), R.

DIVINE (subs.): vedavid (mfn.): v. Theologian.

DIVINE (v.):
     I To foresee: q. v.: paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.) (= to see) or jānāti (jñā, c. 7.) (= to know) (the context determining the exact sense).
     II To guess: ūhate (uhū, c. 1.).
     III To practise divination: anāgataṃ or bhaviṣyantaṃ vakti (vac, c. 1.) or vadati (vad, c. 1.): v. Also augury.

DIVINELY:
     I Lit.: devavat: v. Extremely.
     II Providentially: īśvarecchayā niyatyā.

DIVINENESS: v. Divinity.

DIVINER:
     1 daivajñaḥ (= astrologer);
     2 nimittajñaḥ (augur).

DIVINING-BELL: *vigāhayantram.

DIVINITY:
     I Divine nature:
     1 divyatā, I have no doubt as to her d.: nahi me saṃśītirasyā divyatāṃ prati, K.;
     2 devatvam -tā, even a stone acquires d: aśmāpi yāti devatvam, H.;
     3 devatānubhāvaḥ, D.
     II A god: q. v. devatā.
     III Theology: vedaḥ.

DIVISIBILITY: bhājyatā -tvaṃ vi- prati-.

DIVISIBLE: bhājyaḥ (jyā jyaṃ), vi- pravi-, Viv.

DIVISION:
     I Partition: vibhāgaḥ (rarely bhāgaḥ or pravi-), d. of paternal property: vibhāgo'rthasya pitryasya, Da.; one who knows d. s of countries and times: deśakālavibhāgavit, Ka.
     II A section: vibhāgaḥ, by the d. s of the army: anīkānāṃ vibhāgena, Mah.
     III In arith:
     1 bhajanam, Vij.:
     2 haraṇam, Li.;
     3 bhāgahāraḥ, d. of fractions: bhinnabhāgahāraḥ, Li.
     IV Discord, Disunion: q. v. v. Distinction: q. v.

DIVISOR:
     1 bhājakaḥ, Li.;
     2 haraḥ, Vij.:
     3 hāraḥ Li.

DIVORCE (subs.): *vivāhalopaḥ; vaidhavicchedaḥ; tyāgaḥ (= desertion).

DIVORCE (v.):
     I Lit.: *vivāhalopaṃ karoti; tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.) (= to desert), d. ing an innocent wife: nirdoṣāṃ patnīṃ parityajan, V. s.
     II Fig.: nirvāsayati (c. of vas).

DIVORCEMENT: "bill of d." *vivāhalopapatram: v. Divorce.

DIVULGE:
     I To reveal: q. v.: vivṛṇoti, to d. a secret: guhyaṃ vivṛṇoti, D.
     II To impart: q. v.

DIVULGER: bhettṛ (m.) (= betrayer); better by verb.

DIZZINESS: v. Giddiness, vertigo.

DIZZY:
     I Giddy: q. v.
     II Heedless: q. v.

DO (v. t.):
     I To effect:
     1 karoti kurute (kṛ, c. 8.) (the best equiv.), command us what shall we d.: śādhi naḥ karavāma kim, Ku. vi. 24.; what is to be done to Sthāvaraka: sthāvarakasya kiṃ kriyatām, Mr. x.; not knowing what to d.: kiṃkartavyavimūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), K.; to d. penance: tapāṃsi karoti, Ki.;
     2 vi-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), what is to be done with this wealth: kiṃ vidheyamanayārthasampadā, Si.; does both good and bad to animals: śubhañca vidadhatyaśubhañca jantoḥ, Ma. i.;
     3 anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (= to perform), this was done by fate: daivenedamanuṣṭhitam, Mu. iii.;
     4 niṣpādayati (= to accomplish: q. v.).
     II When standing for another verb, expr. by it or circumlo.: 'I have much to ask about it.' 'Do so calmly,': 'bahu praṣṭavyamatra' | 'viśrabdhaṃ pṛccha' Nu. iii.; address me as you have been accustomed to d.: yathāmyastamabhidhīyatām, U. i.; 'listen and feel sure of', 'I will do both'.: 'śrūyatāmavadhāryatāñca' | 'ubhayamapi kriyate', Mu. (in this last ex. kriyate does not stand for the principal verbs, but ubhayaṃ means śravaṇaṃ and avadhāraṇam).
     III As simple auxiliary verb, not expressed: sir, d. assist me in trouble: kliṣṭasya me kriyatāmarthasāhāyyakam, D. viii. N. B. (a) When emphatic, expr. by words given under truly, surly, indeed. (b) In interrogative sentences, expr. by api kaccit, etc., do you set to penances according to your capability: api svaśattayā tapasi pravartase, Ku.
     IV To be done: as of meat, etc. sidhyati (sidh, c. 4.) Bha.
     V To deceive: q. v.

DO (v. i.):
     I To behave: q. v.
     II To fare: Ph.: how d. yow d.: svāgataṃ te, Mr. v.; asks how you are doing: tvāṃ kuśalaṃ pṛcchati, Me.
     III To get on, succeed: q. v.: Ph.: I have done: sādhayāmi, R. xi. 91.

DO AWAY: Ph.: do away with begging: kṛtameva yācñayā, Ki. xiv. 20.: do away with (your) axe: samāpayatu paraśum, Vi.

DO FOR:
     I Lit.: karoti, if you would do this for me: yadi me bhavānidaṃ kuryāt, M. b.
     II To do good: priyaṃ karoti (with gen.), what more shall I do for you: kiṃ te bhūyaḥ priyaṃ karomi, Mr. x.: v. Good, to do.
     III To destroy: q. v.: utsādayati (c. of sad), I am done for: utsādito'smi, Mr. iv. To suit: q. v.

DO INTO: Ph.: do into Persian: pāracīvācā karoti, Raj.

DO UP: v. To pack.

DO WITH: expr. by kārya or arthaḥ with ins.: what have you to do with him: kastenārthaḥ, D. ii.; I have nothing to do with Mālavikā: na me mālavikayā kaścidarthaḥ, Mal. iii.

DO WITHOUT: expr. by circumlo., unable to d. w. sensual pleasures even for a moment: indriyārthapariśūnyamakṣamaḥ soḍhumekamapi kṣaṇāntaram, R.

DOCILE:
     1 vineyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 śikṣāpravaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 anuvidhāyin (f. ) (= pliant).

DOCILITY:
     1 vineyatā;
     2 śikṣāpravaṇatā;
     3 anuvidhāyitvam.

DOCK (subs.):
     I For ships: *potāśayaḥ, and sim. comp.s.
     II For prisoners *vṛtiḥ.
     III A plant:
     1 lolikā;
     2 raktasaugandhikaḥ.

DOCK (v.):
     I Of ships: *potāśaye niveśayati (c. of viś).
     II To cut off: avakṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.).

DOCKET (subs.):
     I A label or ticket: q. v. A summary: sārapatram (?).

DOCKET (v.): sārapatraṃ likhati (likh, c. 6.) (?).

DOCK-TAILED: chinnabālabāladhi (mfn.), and sim. comp. s.

DOCK-YARD: *naunirmāṇasthānam, and sim. comp. s.

DOCTOR (subs.):
     I A physician: q. v.: vaidyaḥ.
     II A learned man: paṇḍitaḥ, 'd. of laws': dharmaśāstraviśāradaḥ.

DOCTOR (v. t.): cikitsati (kit, c. 1.): v. To treat (III).

DOCTORATE, DOCTORSHIP: viśāradopādhiḥ (?).

DOCTRINAL: expr. by comp., d. difference: matabhedaḥ.

DOCTRINE:
     I Instruction: q. v.
     II An opinion:
     1 matam, the d. of Chārvāka: cārvākamatam, D. s.;
     2 vādaḥ, atheistic d.: nirīśvaro vādaḥ, P. p.
     3 tattvam (= truth).
     III Erudition: q. v.

DOCUMENT: lekhyam, public d.: rājasākṣikaṃ (or rājakīyaṃ) lekhyam, V. s.; private d.: jānapadaṃ lekhyam, Mi.; attested d.: sasākṣikaṃ lekhyam, V. s.; to make a d.: lekhyaṃ karoti, Y.; to renew a d.: anyalekhyaṃ kārayati, Y.: v. Writing.

DOCUMENTARY: Ph.: d. evidence: lekhyapramāṇam; d. debt: lekhyakṛtamṛṇam, Y.

DODDER: latāviśeṣaḥ.

DODGE (subs.): kapaṭam: v. Trick.

DODGE (v.):
     I To evade: q. v.: pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II To play tricks, quibble: cāturīṃ karoti (?).

DODGE, -S:
     1 cāturī;
     2 śāṭhyam (= deceit), d. of the Lord: vimoḥ śāṭhyam, Mu. i. 1.

DODGER:
     1 caturaḥ;
     2 śaṭhaḥ.

DODO: pakṣiviśeṣa; *dodaḥ.

DOE:
     1 mṛgī;
     2 hariṇī:
     3 mṛgavadhūḥ; etc.

DOER:
     1 kartṛ (f. rtrī);
     2 kārin (f. ṇī);
     3 vidhātṛ (f. trī);
     4 kāraka (f. rikā);
     5 -kṛt in comp.

DOG (adj.): as a dog-fox: v. Male.

DOG (subs.):
     I The animal:
     1 kukkaraḥ, barked at by d. s: kukkurairvukkyamānaḥ, Mr.; to throw to the d. s: kukkurebhyaḥ kṣipati (?);
     2 śvan (m.), human d.: śvanaraḥ, Mah.; let go the d. s: vimucyantāṃ śvānaḥ, K.; all that will go to the d. s: tat sarvaṃ śuno gacchet, M. viii. 90. Ph.: hunting-d.: ākheṭikaḥ; mad-d.: alarkaḥ.
     II A constellation: śvanakṣatram.

DOG (v.): mṛgyati or mṛgayate (mṛg, c. 4. and 10.)

DOG-BRIER, DOG-ROSE: javā -puṣpaḥ.

DOG-CART: *laghuyānam.

DOG-CHEAP: atyantasvalpamūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ) or -sulabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

DOG-DAY: *śvadinam; śvavāraḥ.

DOGE: pradhānadaṇḍanāyakaḥ.

DOG-FANCIER:
     1 śvapoṣakaḥ, K.;
     2 śvagrāhin (m.), M. n.

DOG-FISH: hāṅgaraḥ (?): v. Shark.

DOGGED: karkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Sullen, obstinate.

DOGGEDLY, DOGGEDNESS: v. Sullenly; sullenness.

DOGGEREL: i. e. d. poetry: kukavitā.

DOGGISH: d. fellow: śvanaraḥ, Mah.: v. Churlish.

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DOG-GRASS: tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ.

DOG-LATIN: mlecchalāṭinam (?).

DOGMA:
     I A doctrine: q. v.: matam.
     II In bad sense: pralāpaḥ, D. s.; sāhasavādaḥ (?).

DOGMATIC, DOGMATICAL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II In bad sense: Ph.: d. assertion: pralapitam or jalpitam (?); d. person: pralāpin (?).

DOGMATICALLY:
     1 sāhasena;
     2 dhārṣṭyena;
     3 vinā pramāṇena.

DOGMATISM:
     1 pralāpapriyatā;
     2 sāhasavāditvam (?)

DOGMATIST: pralāpapriyaḥ (?); sāhasavādin (?).

DOGMATISE:
     1 pralapati (lap, c. 1.) (?);
     2 sāhasena vadati (vad, c. 1.) (?);
     3 jalpati (jalp, c. 1.) (?), Vyāsa d. d: vyāso jajalpa, N.

DOGSTAR: *śvanakṣatram, and sim. comp.s.

DOG-WOOD: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

DOILY: v. Napkin.

DOING (subs.): karman (n.): v. Deed.

DOLE (subs.):
     I A part: q. v.: aṃśaḥ.
     II Alms: q. v.: dānam.
     III Grief: q. v.: śokaḥ.

DOLE, DOLE OUT (v.): vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.).

DOLEFUL: saśokaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Mournful.

DOLEFULLY: saśokam: v. Mournfully, sadly.

DOLEFULNESS: saśokatā: v. Sadness, grief.

DOLL:
     1 putrakaḥ or putrikā, Ku. i: 29.;
     2 pāñcālikā;
     3 puttalī;
     4 śālamañcikā;
     5 dārugarbhā.

DOLLAR: mudrāviśeṣaḥ; *dallāraḥ.

DOLOROUS: śokapariplutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Sad.

DOLOUR: śokaḥ: v. Grief.

DOLPHIN:
     I A fish: *dālphiṇaḥ.
     II A constellation: dhaniṣṭhā; śraviṣṭhā.

DOLT: jaḍaḥ: v. Blockhead.

DOLTISH: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ): v. Stupid.

DOMAIN: adhikāraḥ: v. Dominion, estate.

DOME:
     I A house: harmyam.
     II A cupola: ardhagolaśṛṅgam (?).

DOMESTIC:
     I Belonging to a house:
     1 by comp., d. affluence: gṛhabhūtiḥ, Mu.;
     2 gṛhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ), d. fire: gṛhyo vahniḥ, Vi.;
     3 gṛhajaḥ (jā jaṃ); gṛhotpannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (born in the home), d. bullocks: gṛhotpannau vṛṣabhau, P.
     II Not wild:
     1 grāmya (f. myā);
     2 grāma- in comp., d. fowl: grāmakukkuṭaḥ, M.
     III Intestine: q. v.: antara- in comp.
     IV Fond of home: gṛhapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

DOMESTIC (subs.): gṛhadāsaḥ (f. ): v. Servant.

DOMESTICATE: gṛhāsaktaṃ (f. ktāṃ) karoti (?): v. To tame.

DOMESTICATED: kṛtagṛhāsaṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ) (?): v. Domestic.

DOMICILE: nivāsaḥ: v. Abode, home.

DOMICILIARY: nivāsa- in comp., "d. visit": nivāsadarśanam (?).

DOMINANT (adj.): prabalaḥ (lā laṃ). To be d.: v. To dominate.

DOMINATE: śāsti (śās, c. 2.): v. To rule, govern.

DOMINATION: v. Rule, sway.

DOMINEER:
     1 śāsti (śās, c. 2.) (= to rule);
     2 kadarthayati (arth, c. 10.) (= to oppress).

DOMINEERING (adj.): uddhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Haughty, bold.

DOMINICAL: aiśaḥ (śī śaṃ) (?). Ph.: d. day: bhaṭṭārakavāraḥ.

DOMINICAN: *ḍaumanikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

DOMINIE:
     I A school master: q. v.
     II A parson: q. v.

DOMINION:
     I Authority, power: q. v.: ādhipatyam.
     II In pl., kingdom, country: q. v.: rājyam; viṣayāḥ (m. pl.).

DOMINOS (pl.): a game: *caturasrakrīḍā.

DON: bhartṛ (m.) (in addressing): v. Grandee.

DONATION: dānam: v. Gift, grant.

DONATIVE: dānam: Gift, present.

DONJON: guptiḥ (?).

DONKEY: kharaḥ: v. Ass, male.

DONOR: dātṛ (f. trī): v. Giver.

DOOLY: dolā.

DOOM (subs.):
     I Sentence: daṇḍājñā.
     II Lit.: pariṇāmaḥ.

DOOM (v.):
     I To condemn: daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10.).
     II To destine: Ph.: only d. ed to distress: kevaladuḥkhabhājanam, K.: v. Fated.

DOOMSDAY: mahāvicāradinam, and sim. comp.s (?).

DOOMSDAY-BOOK: *īṃlaṇḍīyabhūmipatrikā "vijaya"rājājñayā saṃgṛhītā.

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DOOR:
     1 dvāram (lit. and fig.), near the d.: dvāropānte, Me.; to open a d.: dvāraṃ vivṛṇoti, Ku.; shut the back d.: pidhehi pakṣadvārakam, Mr. ii.; d. s of income broke down: āyadvārāṇi vyaśīryanta, D. viii.; death's d.: mṛtyudvāram, H.;
     2 dvār (f.) (rare, except in the loc.), who is at the d.: ko'yaṃ dvāri tiṣṭhati, Mu. ii.;
     3 kapā(vā)ṭa (mn) (the leaf of a d.). Ph.: from d. to d.: gṛhādgṛham, D.; (b) indoors: gehe, U.; (c) out of d. s: bahiḥ; next d. to (i. e. bordering on): anantaraḥ (rā raṃ); "the fault lies at my d.: *dvāre me vartate doṣaḥ.

DOOR-KEEPER:
     1 dvārapālaḥ;
     2 dvārin (m.):
     3 dvārarakṣakaḥ;
     4 dauvārikaḥ, B.

DOOR-POST: dvārastammaḥ.

DOOR-SILL:
     1 dvārapiṇḍī;
     2 dehaliḥ -lī (f.).

DOORWAY: dvāram: v. Door.

DORIAN, DORIC: *ḍauraḥ (rā raṃ).

DORMANT:
     I Lit.: suptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).
     II Fig.: v. Obsolete, hidden.

DORMITORY:
     1 śayyāgṛham;
     2 śayanagṛham; and sim. comp.s.

DORMOUSE: *vṛkṣamūṣikaḥ.

DORSAL:
     1 pṛṣṭha- in comp., d. bone: pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ;
     2 pṛṣṭhyaḥ (ṣṭhyā ṣṭhyaṃ).

DOSE (subs.): expr. by circumlo., should give this medicine in d. s of three rattis: rasamimaṃ rattikātrayamitaṃ dadyāt, Bha.; should increase the d. everyday by one ratti: pratidinaṃ tasyaikaikāṃ rattikāṃ varddhayet, Bha.

DOSE (v.): i. e. to prepare or give d. s: expr. by circumlo.

DOT (subs.): binduḥ.

DOT (v.):
     I Lit.: bindunā cihnayati (cihn, c. 10.).
     II To diversify: "d. ed with cottages" itastataḥ kuṭīraiḥ samalaṅkṛtaḥ.

DOTAGE: jarājīrṇendriyatā: jarā (= decrepitude).

DOTARD: jarājīrṇendriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

DOTE UPON (v.): atyantānurāgavat (f. ) (with loc.).

DOTINGLY:
     I Fondly: atyantānurāgeṇa.
     II Foolishly: q. v.

DOUBLE (adj.):
     I Two-fold:
     1 dvi- in comp.;
     2 dvikaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II As much again: dviguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), d. pay: dviguṇavetanam.
     III In pairs: dvandvībhūya.
     IV Deceitful, ambiguous; q. v.: perh. dvi- in comp., having a d. meaning: dvyarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ), Va.

DOUBLE (subs.):
     I Twice as much: dviguṇam.
     II A trick: q. v.
     III Companion: q. v.

DOUBLE (v.):
     I Lit.: dviguṇīkaroti.
     II To be d. of: dviguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).
     III To double up: dvibhaṅgiṃ karoti (?). Ph.: to d. a cape: *pralambaṃ laṅghayati.

DOUBLE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: dviguṇībhavati.
     II To return: parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     III To play false: chalanāṃ karoti.

DOUBLE-BARRELLED: *dvinālaḥ (lā laṃ).

DOUBLE-DEALER, DOUBLE-DEALING: v. Deceitful.

DOUBLE-DEALING (subs.): v. Deceit, artifice.

DOUBLE-ENTENDRE: dvyarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ), Ve.

DOUBLE-FACED: prob. dvimukhaḥ (khā khaṃ): v. Deceitful.

DOUBLE-HEADED: dviśiras (mfn.) and sim. comp.

DOUBLE-LOCK (v.): *tālakadvayena pidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

DOUBLE-TONGUED: dvijihva (f. hvā) (lit. and fig.), Si. i. 63.

DOUBLET:
     I A pair: q. v.: yugmam.
     II A vest: colaḥ -kaḥ.

DOUBLY:
     1 dviḥ;
     2 dviguṇam.

DOUBT (v.):
     1 saṃśete (śī, c. 2.), was d. ingly received by the king: saṃśayya nṛpaiḥ prapannaḥ, Ki.;
     2 saṃdigghe (dih, c. 1.), a man alone d. s in things to be done: ekaḥ sandigghe kāryavastuni, Si.;
     3 śaṅkate ā- vi-, (śaṅka, c. 1.) (= to apprehend), from whom (you) d. disgrace: yato'vadhīraṇāṃ viśaṅkase, Sa.;
     4 na pratyeti (i, c. 2.) (= not to believe: q. v.).

DOUBT (subs.):
     1 saṃśayaḥ, without d.: asaṃśayam, Sa.; I have only one d. about (his) form: rūpe me saṃśayastvekaḥ, Mah.;
     2 sandehaḥ, he is in d. even of our marriage: [āryasya] pariṇaya eva sandehaḥ, Sa. v.;
     3 śaṅkā āśaṅkā (apprehension), I will remove your d.: tavāśaṅkāmapaneṣyāmi, Sa. v.

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DOUBTER:
     1 saṃśayitṛ (m.);
     2 sandegdhṛ (m.).

DOUBTFUL:
     1 sandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ), d. as (in this verse): sandigdhaṃ yathā, Kav.;
     2 sāṃśayikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 sandehayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     4 saṃśayāpannaḥ nnā nnaṃ);
     5 śaṅkanīya: (yā yaṃ). To be d.: i. e. to have doubts: v. Doubt.

DOUBTFULLY:
     1 sasandeham;
     2 sasaṃśayam;
     3 sandigdham.

DOUBTINGLY:
     1 saṃśayya;
     2 sandihya;
     3 sāśaṅkam.

DOUBTLESS: niḥsandehaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Undoubted.

DOUBTLESSLY: niḥsandeham: v. Undoubtedly.

DOUCEUR: pāritoṣikam: v. Present, gift.

DOUGH: piṣṭagodhūmacūrṇapiṇḍaḥ (?).

DOUGHTY: vikrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ): v. Valiant, illustrious.

DOVE:
     I Lit.: kapotaḥ.
     II Fig.: v. Darling.

DOVE-COT:
     1 kapotapālikā;
     2 viṭaṅkaḥ (rare), Vi.

DOVE-TAIL (subs.): *kapotapucchabandhaḥ.

DOVE-TAIL (v.): v. To unite; fit.

DOWAGER: vidhavā (= widow: q. v.).

DOWER (subs.):
     I Any gift: dānam.
     II Woman's: yauta(tu)kam; mother's d.: māturyautakam, M.

DOWERED: yauta(tu)kavatī, and sim. comp.s.

DOWERLESS: yautukahīnā (a d. woman); nirdhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= poor).

DOWN (subs.): i. e. soft hair: komalaroman (n.) (?). Eider-d. haṃsatūlam (?), D.

DOWN (subs.):
     I A bank: sthalam.
     II Low ground: nimnaṃ or nimnapradeśaḥ, ups and d. s: nimnonnatāni, H.; on the road having ups and d. s: mārge natonnatabhūmimāge, Sa.
     III Fig., d. fall: pātaḥ, ups and d. s of men: pātotpātā manuṣyāṇām, H.

DOWN (prep.):
     I Below: expr. by adv.
     II D. the same line: gen. not expr.: d. the stream: anusrotas.

DOWN (adv.):
     1 adhaḥ, for which it does not go d.: yena neyamiyādadhaḥ, Go.; looking d.: adho'valokya, Ana.;
     2 nīcaiḥ, goes up and d.: nīcairgacchatyupari ca, Me. Ph.: "d. with the palace".: adhaḥ pātaya prāsādam; d. to the present time: adya yāvat.

DOWN (adj.): of trains, etc.: nimnagāmin, (f. ) (?).

DOWNCAST:
     1 adhomukhaḥ (khī khaṃ), and sim. comp. s, Karṇa d. from dejection: karṇo dainyādadhomukhaḥ, Mah.;
     2 viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā) (= dejected)). Ph.: with d. eyes: adhodṛṣṭi (mfn.), and sim. comp. s.

DOWNFALL:
     1 vinipātaḥ;
     2 avapātaḥ;
     3 patanam;
     4 kṣayaḥ: v. Ruin. destruction.

DOWNHEARTED: dīnamanas (mfn.), Mah.; and sim. comp. s.

DOWNHILL (adj.): pātukaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Sloping.

DOWNRIGHT (adj.):
     I Plain, artless: q. v.: spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ),
     II Open, absolute. spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), d. nonsense: spaṣṭanirarthakamāṣitam.

DOWNRIGHT (adv.):
     I Lit.: nīcaiḥ.
     II Plainly: q. v.: spaṣṭam.

DOWNWARD (adj.):
     1 adhogāmin (f. ):
     2 pātukaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= sloping).

DOWNWARDS (adv.):
     I Lit.: adhaḥ: v. Down.
     II From a remote time: pūrvebhyaḥ (abl. pl.).

DOWNY:
     I Lit.: komalalomamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).
     II Fig., soft, calm: komalaḥ (lā laṃ).

DOWRY: yautukam: v. Dower.

DOXY:
     I In good sense: dayitā.
     II In bad sense: bandhakī.

DOZE: nidrāyate (nomi.), Mal.: v. To sleep.

DOZEN: dvādaśan (mfn.): v. Twelve.

DOZINESS: nidrāśīlatā (?): v. Sleepiness.

DOZING, DOZY: nidrāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Sleepy.

DRAB (adj.): piṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Brown.

DRAB (subs.):
     I A slut: bandhakī.
     II A woollen cloth: *drāvamḥ.

DRACHM, DRACHMA: rūpyamudrāviśeṣaḥ.

DRAFF: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

DRAFT:
     I Draught: q. v.
     II A bill of exchange: *niṣkarṣapatram.: v. Bill.

DRAG (subs.):
     I Of an Indian boat: guṇaḥ.
     II A d. -net: ākarṣajālam.
     III A hook: ākarṣaṇī.
     IV A carriage: kṣiprayānam (?)
     V A harrow: q. v.
     VI A break: q. v.

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DRAG (v. t.):
     I To draw: q. v.: karvati ā-, (kṛṣa, c. 1.), to d. hounds: kauleyakānākarṣati, K.
     II To earn: q. v. Ph.: to d. on life: jīvanaṃ vāhayati, (c. of vaha).

DRAG (v. i.): i. e. to hang to the ground: luṭhati (luṭh, c. 6.), H. Ph.: the matter d. ed on for a year: *ekavarṣaṃ cacālārthaḥ.

DRAGGLE: v. To drag. D. -tailed: v. Untidy.

DRAG-NET: ākarṣajālam.

DRAGOMAN: vyākhyātṛ (m.) (?).

DRAGON: *nāgasiṃhaḥ.

DRAGOON (subs.): aśvārohaḥ (= horseman).

DRAGOON (v.):
     I Lit.: aśvārohaiḥ vaśīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II Fig., to harass: sampīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).

DRAIN (subs.):
     1 *malapraṇālī (= sewer);
     2 jalapraṇālī (= water-course).
     3 jalanirgamaḥ (for the exit of water);
     4 bhramaḥ (= 3), Si.

DRAIN (v. t.):
     I To draw off water: to d. a marsh: anūpapradeśasya jalam apakarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.) or apavāhayati (c. of vah) or nirgamayati (c. of gam).
     II Fig.:
     1 kṣapayati (c. of kṣi): v. To exhaust.
     2 riktīkaroti. v. To empty.
     III To filter: q. v.

DRAINAGE: *jalanirgamapraṇālī, and sim. comp.s.

DRAKE: kādambaḥ: v. Duck.

DRAM:
     I Lit.: mānaviśeṣaḥ
     II Drinking: pānam. D. -drinker: madyapaḥ: v. Drunkard. D. -shop: śauṇḍikālayaḥ śuṇḍāpānam.

DRAMA:
     I A play: nāṭakam.
     II The d.: dṛśyakāvyaṃ or dṛśyaṃ kāvyam, Sah.

DRAMATIC, -AL: expr. by comp., d. genius: *dṛśyakāvyaśaktiḥ; d. composition dṛśyakāvyaṃ or -prabandhaḥ.

DRAMATICALLY:
     1 nāṭyena (by representation);
     2 dṛśyakāvyānusāreṇa (according to drama).

DRAMATIST:
     1 kaviḥ (= poet: q. v.);
     2 nāṭakapraṇetṛ (m.) (?).

DRAMATIZE: nāṭakayati (nomi.) (?).

DRAPE: vastrairbhūṣayati vi-, (bhūṣ, c. 10.) or maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10.).

DRAPER: lomaśavastravikretṛ (m.) or vikrayin (m.) (?).

DRAPERY:
     I Cloth: lomaśavastram (?).
     II D. -selling: lomaśavastravikrayaḥ (?).
     III For statues, etc.: paricchadaḥ.

DRAUGHT:
     I Drawing: ākarṣaḥ -ṇam.
     II Load carrying: dhurvahanam. D. -cattle: dhuryaḥ or dhurvahaḥ.
     III Drinking: q. v.: pānam.
     IV Delineation: lekhanam.
     V That which is drawn: expr. by circumlo., "which brought him a great d.": *yena bahvākṛṣṭamāsīt.
     VI A potion: q. v.
     VII A detachment: q. v.
     VIII A skekS: q. v.
     IX A draft: *niṣkarṣapatram.
     X Current of air oghaḥ: v. Current.
     XI A drain: malanirgamaḥ.
     XII Of ships: Ph.: "a ship of 12ft. d." *aṣṭahastajalagāmipotaḥ.
     XIII In pl., a game: aṣṭāpadakrīḍā (??), d, -board: aṣṭāpadam (?).

DRAUGHTSMAN:
     I A drawer:
     1 lekhakaḥ;
     2 citrakaraḥ (= painter).
     II A tippler: madyapaḥ.
     III For playing draughts: śāriḥ.

DRAW (v. t.):
     I To pull: karṣati ā-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.), d. s a snake out of the basket: bhujaṅgamākarṣati peṭikāyāḥ, V. t.; d. ing his sword: khaṅgamākṛṣya, Ve. iii.; d. n up to the ear: ākarṇakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), R. ix. 57.; d. ing the sheet rolled up under his arm-pit: kakṣatalaluṇṭhīkṛtaṃ paṭamākṛṣya, Mr. ii.; to d. a curtain: javanikām ākarṣati (?) (there were no sliding curtains among the Hindus). Fig.; d. n. by fame: yaśasākṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. To allure.
     II To extract: q. v.: niṣkarṣati, intend to d. money from Kuvera: niṣkraṣṭumarthaṃ cakame kuverāt, R. v. 26.
     III To lift: q. v.: udañcayati (añc, c. 10.), d. ing water to quench thirst: pipāsāṃ pratikartumudakamudañcayan, D.
     IV To delineate: likhati abhi- ā-, (likh, c. 6.), the person d. n on the canvas: paṭe likhitaṃ puruṣam, D. iv. V. To write: likhati abhi-.
     VI To deduce: q. v.
     VII To require a depth of: Ph.: it d. s six feet of water: *caturhastajale gacchati.
     VIII To gain: q. v.: Misc: to d. the breast: stanam ākarṣati (?) or pibati, B. p.; to d. an animal: paśoḥ klomādīnyapohati, (after D.); serpents d. air: sarpāḥ pibanti pavanam, P.

DRAW (v. i.):
     I To pull: ākarṣati.
     II To be d. n: ākṛṣyate (pass. of kṛṣ).
     III To contract: q. v.
     IV To skekS: q. v.

DRAW AWAY: apakarṣati vi-, Chandragupta has been d. n a. from Chāṇakya: apakṛṣṭaścāṇakyāccandraguptaḥ, Mu.

DRAW BACK:
     I Trans.: prati-karṣati pratyā-.
     II Intrans: parāvartate pratyā- pratini-, (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To retreat.

DRAW IN:
     I To bring in: karṣati ā- vi-, d. s in fortune: śriyaṃ vikarṣati, Ki.
     II To entice: q. v.

DRAW NEAR or NIGH:
     1 sannikarṣati, D. i.;
     2 pratyāsīdati (sad, c. 1.), time for going home d. s n.: pratyāsīdati gṛhagamanakālaḥ, K.

DRAW OFF:
     I Lit.: apa-karṣati ā- apā-, d. ing off the eyes from the king: avanipālamukhādākṛṣya cakṣuḥ, K.
     II To withdraw, retire: q. v.

DRAW ON:
     I To draw in: q. v.
     II To draw near: q. v.
     III To make a draft to d. on the Bank of Bengal: *vaṅgadhanāgārāt niṣkarṣati.

DRAW OUT:
     I To draw: v. Draw (I).
     II To extract: v. Draw (II).
     III To strekS, extend: q. v.
     IV To prolong: q. v.

DRAW OVER: prob. samākarṣati: v. To bring over.

DRAW TOGETHER: samākarṣati: v. To bring together.

DRAW UP:
     I Lit.: utkarṣati, R.
     II To compose: likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     III To arrange troops:
     1 vinyasyati (as, c. 4.);
     2 viracayati (rac, c. 10.).

DRAWBACK:
     1 hāniḥ (= loss);
     2 pratyūhaḥ (obstacle).

DRAWBRIDGE: *ākarṣasetuḥ; yantropetasaṃkramaḥ, Ram. To close (it): harati (hṛ, c. 1.), Ram.

DRAWEE: of a cheque: *ādiṣṭaniṣkarṣaḥ.

DRAWER:
     I Lit.: karṣakaḥ ā-.
     II A painter: lekhakaḥ.
     III Of a cheque: *niṣkarṣakaḥ.
     IV A sliding box: *niṣkarṣaṇī.
     V In pl., a garment: jaṅghāvāraḥ. Ph.: a chest of d. s: *niṣkarṣapeṭikā.

DRAWING (subs.):
     I The act: ākarṣaḥ -ṇam.
     II Delineation: citrakarman (n.).
     III A picture: q. v.: whose d. is it: kenedaṃ likhitam.
     IV In lotteries: niḥsāraṇam, (?).

DRAWING-MASTER: citraśikṣakaḥ (?), and sim. comp. s.

DRAWING-ROOM: sabhājanakoṣṭhaḥ (?). Ph.: to hold a d. *sabhājanakoṣṭhaṃ karoti.

DRAWL (v.): mandaṃ mandam udīrayati (īr, c. 10.): v. To utter.

DRAY, DRAY-DART: śakaṭaḥ

DRAYMAN: śakaṭavāhakaḥ.

DREAD (subs.): trāsaḥ vi-, d. inspiring: trāsajananaḥ (nī naṃ), Ki.: v. Fear.

DREAD (adj.): v. Dreadful, terrible.

DREAD (v.): trasyati vi-, (tras, c. 4.) (with abl.): v. To Fear. Ph.: d. ing me: mattrāsāt, Ve.

DREADED (adj.): ghoraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Formidable.

DREADFUL:
     1 bhīṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 dāruṇa ni-, (f. ṇā);
     3 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 trāsāvahaḥ (hā haṃ).

DREADFULLY:
     1 dhoram;
     2 dāruṇam;
     3 bhīṣaṇam.

DREADFULNESS:
     1 bhīṣaṇatvam;
     2 dāruṇatvam;
     3 ghoratā.

DREADLESS: nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Fearless.

DREAM (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 svapnaḥ, to have a bad d.: duḥsvapnaṃ paśyati, D. viii.;
     2 suptiḥ or suptikā, pleasant d.: sukhasuptikā, Sa. iv. Ph.: to speak in d.: utsvagnāyate (nomi.), U.
     II Fig. Ph.: pleasures are but d. s: kāmāḥ svapnopamāḥ, Ki. xi. 34.

DREAM (v.): Lit.:
     1 svapne paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.) (= to d. of something.), d. t that the moon had entered into the mouth of Vilāsavatī: svapne vilāsavatyā ānane śaśinaṃ praviśantamapaśyat, K.;
     2 svapnaṃ paśyati (= to have a d.).
     II Fig.: dhyāyati (dhyai, c. 1.) (= to meditate). To d. away or out: of time: mithyācintayā kālaṃ kṣipati, (kṣip, c. 6.).

DREAMER:
     I Lit.: svapnadarśin (f. )
     II Fig.: unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (?).

DREAMLESS:
     1 vītasvapnaḥ (pnā pnaṃ);
     2 svapnaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), etc.

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DREAMY i. e. dreamlike: svapnopamaḥ (mā maṃ), and sim. comp.s.

DREAR: v. Dreary.

DREARILY:
     1 ghoram;
     2 nirānandam (= cheerlessly).

DREARINESS: ghoratā: v. Desolation, cheerlessness.

DREARY: ghoraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Desolate.

DREDGE: ākarṣaṇī (?).

DREGS:
     I Lit.: malam.
     II Fig.: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

DRENCH (subs.): pānam: v. Drink.

DRENCH (v.):
     I To make to drink: pāyayati (c. of ).
     II To moisten, wet: q. v.: kledayati (c. of klid). Ph.: although I was d. ed with sweat: svedasalilasnātāpi, K.

DRESS (subs.): veṣaḥ or veśaḥ, take away the hunting d.: mṛgayāveśamapanayantu, Sa.;
     2 nepathyam (rare), with marriage d.: vaivāhikena nepathyena, Ma. vi.: v. Clothes, garment.

DRESS (v. t.):
     I To clothe: q. v.:
     1 veṣayati (c. of viṣ) (= to d. another), d. ing Sāmba with female d.: sāmbaṃ strīveṣairveṣayitvā, B. p.;
     2 veṣaṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) M. n.; or viracayati (rac, c. 10.), d. ed: viracitaveṣaḥ, R. v. 76.;
     3 veṣaṃ vibharti (bhṛ, c. 3.), (= to d. one's self), R. Ph.: d. ed as Vāsavadattā: vāsavadattāveśadhāriṇī, Ra. iii.
     II Of the hair:
     1 racayati vi-, d. the hair: keśaracanāṃ kurvanta, Ri. iv. 15.;
     2 kalpayati ā-, (kḷp, c. 10.), here (they are) d. ing the mane of horses: ito ito'śvānāṃ keśakalpanā kriyate, Mr. iv.;
     3 saṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     III Of food, etc.; saṃskaroti, I also know how to d. food: annasaṃskāramapi jānāmi, Mah.
     IV Of wounds: śodhayati (c. of śudh) Bha.: v. To bind up.

DRESSER:
     I One who dresses: prasādhaka (f. dhikā).
     II A table.

DRESSING (subs.):
     I Dress: q. v.
     II For a wound: lepaḥ pra- vi-.
     III Of food: saṃskāraḥ (?).
     IV Belabouring: v. To belabour, thrash. Comp.s. (a) d. -gown *prākprasādhanaveṣaḥ; (b) d.- room prasādhanakoṣṭhaḥ, (?); (c) d. table: *prasādhanamejaḥ.

DRIBBLE: kṣarati (kṣar, c. 1.): v. To trickle.

DRIBBLET: kaṇaḥ, in d.s.: kaṇaśaḥ: v. Drop.

DRIFT (subs.):
     I That which is driven:
     1 pravāhaḥ;
     2 rāśiḥ (= heap: q. v.) Ph.: under the d. of = impelled by: v. To impel.
     II Course: q. v.
     III Purport: q. v.:
     1 bhāvaḥ;
     2 tātparyam.

DRIFT (v. t.): nudati, (nud, c. 6.): v. To drive.

DRIFT (v. i.): nudyate (pass. of nud); uhyate (pass. of vah), etc.

DRILL (subs.):
     I For boring: vedhanī: v. Gimlet.
     II Of soldiers: sainyavyāyāmaḥ, Ka.

DRILL (v. t.):
     I To bore: q. v.: vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.).
     II To train and excercise troops: Ph.: should d. the soldiers every d.: anvahaṃ sainyavyāyāmaṃ kārayet (c. of kṛ), Ka. xvi. 18.

DRILLING (subs.): sthūlakārpāsapaṭaviśeṣaḥ.

DRINK (v.): pibati (, c. 1.), while they were d. ing there: pibatāṃ tatra vai teṣām, V. p.; d. ing maireya liquor: maireyaṃ madhu pītvā, B. p. Ph.: he d. s (= a drunkard: q. v.) sa pānaṃ karoti; we d. to your health: *tava svāsthyāya pibāmaḥ., D. off or up:
     1 ni-pabati;
     2 ut-culumpati, Vi. v. D. in: v. To imbibe.

DRINK (subs.):
     1 pānīyam;
     2 peyam;
     3 pānam, bring me d. quick: pānamāhara me kṣipram, Mah. D. -money: surāmūlyam, Sa. vi. To take to d. āsavam āsevate, D.

DRINKABLE:
     1 peyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     1 pānīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

DRINKER: yaḥ (yā yat) pānaṃ karoti: v. Drunkard.

DRINKING: pānam, excessive d.: atipānam, Ki.; great d. began: prāvartata mahāpānam, Mah. D. -vessel: pānapātram and sim. comp.s. D. assembly: pānagoṣṭhī, D. D. -place prapā, Mah.

DRIP (subs.):
     I Dropping: pātaḥ.
     II Eaves: syandanikā.

DRIP (v. t.): gālayati (c. of gal), I will d. this cloth on her: etaccīvaramasyā upari gālayiṣyāmi, Mr.

DRIP (v. i.):
     1 kṣarati (kṣar, c. 1.):
     2 galati (gal, c. 1.); v. To ooze.

DRIPPING (subs.): rasaḥ, d. -pan: *rasadhāriṇī.

DRIVE (v. t.):
     I To impel:
     1 prerayati (īr, c. 10.), d. n by contrary wind: prativātapreritaḥ (tā taṃ), D. vi.; d. the horses fast towards the N. E.: aiśānīṃ diśaṃ prati prerayāśvānāśugamanāya, V. i.;
     2 nūdati or nodayati (nud, c. 6. and 10.), d. n by fate: niyatyā noditāśvaḥ, Si. xx. 2.; d. n by the charioteer: sārathisampraṇunnaḥ, Ku. xvii. 10.;
     3 codayati pra- saṃ-, (cud, c. 10.), drove the horses on level ground: same deśe hayān prācodayat, Mah.;
     4 vāhayati (c. of vah), don't d. the car: mā tāvat pravahaṇaṃ vāhaya, Mr. vi.;
     5 cālayati pari-, (c. of cal) (= cause to move), in d. ing chariots: rathasya paricālane, Nil. Ph.: I will d. you to your house: rathena tvāṃ gṛhaṃ nayāmi or prāpayāmi; to d. a nail: kīlaṃ praveśayati (c. of viś).
     II To hunt: q. v.
     III To follow, carry on: q. v.
     IV To force: q. v.

DRIVE (v. i.):
     I To be impelled: expr. by the pass. of verbs given under drive (v. t.) (I.)
     II To rush: q. v.: niṣpatati (pat, c. 1.).
     III To go by a carriage: rathena gacchati calati: v. To go, move.
     IV To d. at: abhisandadhāti (ghā, c. 3.): v. To aim, strive.

DRIVE AWAY:
     1 nir-asyati apa-, (as, c. 4.) (= cast away);
     2 nir-sārayati apa-, (c. of sṛ);
     3 nir-dhūnoti ava- vi-, (dhū, c. 5.) (= shake off).

DRIVE OFF: niḥsārayati: v. Drive away.

DRIVE OUT:
     1 nirvāsayati (c. of vasa): v. To banish;
     2 niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ), drove the son out of the country: deśānniḥsārayāmāsa sutam, B.p.;
     3 nirasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To dispel.

DRIVE (subs.):
     I The exercise: expr. by verb: gone out to take a d.: vāyusevanārthaṃ rathenanirgataḥ.
     II A place for d.: rathyā (?).

DRIVEL (subs.):
     I Slaver: lālā.
     II Nonsense: q. v.

DRIVEL (v.):
     I To slaver: lālāyate (nomi.).
     II To dote: d. ing: lālāyitaḥ (tā taṃ).

DRIVELLER:
     I Lit.: lālāsravaḥ.
     II Fig.: v. Idiot.

DRIVER:
     1 vāhakaḥ, d. of a carriage: pravahaṇavāhakaḥ, Mr.;
     2 yantṛ (m.) (= moderator: of animals), elephant -d.: yantā gajasya, Ki.

DRIZZLE: when it was d. ing: mandaṃ mandaṃ pravarṣati parjanye, P.; v. To rain gently.

DRIZZLY: d. weather: i. e. raining: expr. by circumlo.

DROLL (adj.): hāsa- or hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

DROLL (subs.):
     1 vaihāsikaḥ;
     2 maṇḍaḥ.

DROLLERY: parihāsaḥ: v. Fun, humour.

DROMEDARY: ekakakuduṣṭraḥ; āravikoṣṭraḥ.

DRONE (v.):
     I To idle, loiter: q. v.
     II To hum: huṅkaroti.

DRONE (subs.):
     I A non-working bee: madhukaraḥ.
     II An idler: q. v.
     III A noise: ḍuṅkutam.

DRONISH: alasaḥ (sā saṃ): v. Idle, lazy.

DROOP (v.):
     I To hang down: q. v.: avanamati (nam, c. 1.), d. ing of lotus: paṅkajāvanatiḥ, M. n.
     II To fade, decline: q. v.:
     1 sīdati ava- vi-, (sad, c. 1.), my limbs are d. ing: sīdanti mama gātrāṇi, G.

DROOPINGLY: i. e. dejectedly: viṣaṇṇaḥ (ṇṇā ṇṇaṃ).

DROP (subs.):
     I A liquid globule:
     1 binduḥ, two or three d. s of water: dvitrāḥ payobindavaḥ, J.;
     2 pṛṣat (n.) or pṛṣataḥ (rare).
     II The smallest portion of a fluid;
     1 kaṇaḥ;
     2 śīkaraḥ, the breast coverd with d. s of blood: śoṇitaśīkarasthagitabhūjāntaraḥ, Ki.
     III An ear-ring: q.v.: kuṇḍalam.

DROP (v. t.):
     I To let fall in d. s:
     1 kṣarati (kṣar, c. 1.), d. ping the rutting juice: madaṃ kṣarantaḥ, Ki.;
     2 by subs., nectar-d. ping: amṛtabinduniḥsyandin (f. ), K.
     II To let fall: pātayati ni- ava-, (c. of pat), to d. on Vairodhaka: vairodhakasyopari nipātanāya, Mu.
     III To leave off: q. v.: saṃharati upa-, (hṛ, c. 1.), d. it: saṃhniyatāmiyam, K.
     IV To communicate: q. v.
     V To send: q. v. Ph.: "d. ped" deer: bindubhiryukto mṛgaḥ, A. r.

DROP (v. i.):
     I To fall in d. s: expr. by subs, by the d. ping of water: jalabindunipātena, H.
     II To fall: patati ni-, (pat, c. 1.), Nakula has d.'d down on the ground: nakulaḥ patito muvi, Mah.
     III Fig.: to come out: q. v.: nir -eti (i, c. 2.).
     IV To cease: q. v.

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DROP-SCENE: *upasaṃhārajavanikā.

DROPSICAL: vātaśvayathupīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

DROPSY: vātaśvayathuḥ (?); udarī (= ascites).

DROSS:
     I Of metals: maṇḍa (mn.).
     II Fig.: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

DROSSY: samalaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Impure, worthless.

DROUGHT:
     I Aridity:
     1 anāvṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 avagrahaḥ.
     II Thirst: q. v.

DROUGHTY: śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ): v. Dry, parched,

DROVE: yūtham: v. Herd.

DROVER: paśupālaḥ: v. Herdsman.

DROWN (v. t.):
     I To deluge: q. v.: plāvayati (c. of plu).
     II To kill by immersion:
     1 jale nimajjayati -te (c. of masj) (= to plunge: when the sense is clear), will d. you soon like a vessel of stone: pāṣāṇanauriva nimajjayate purā tvām, Ku. xvii. 15.;
     2 jale majjayitvā vyāpādayati (c. of pad): v. To kill.

DROWNED, TO BE:
     I To perish in water:
     1 nimajjati (masj, c. 1.) (when the sense is clear), I don't know whether Ratnodbhava was d. there or reached the coast.: ratnodbhavastatra nimagno vā tīramagamadvā na jānāmi, D.;
     2 by circumlo.
     II Fig.: nimajjati.

DROWSILY:
     1 nidrālasaḥ (sā saṃ): v. Sleepily;
     2 ālasyena; v. Slothfully.

DROWSINESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 nidrā (= sleep), overcome with d.: nidrayābhibhūtaḥ;
     2 suṣupsā: v. Sleepiness.
     II Slothfulness: q. v.: ālasyam.

DROWSY:
     I Sleepy: q. v.: nidrālu (mn.).
     II Soporific: nidrādaḥ (dā daṃ) (?).
     III Dull, stupid: q. v.

DRUB (v.): laguḍena tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.): v. To beat, cudgel.

DRUB (subs.):
     1 yaṣṭyaghātaḥ:
     2 laguḍaprahāraḥ; etc.

DRUDGE (subs.): nikṛṣṭakarmakaraḥ (?), and sim. comp. s.

DRUDGE (v.): nikṛṣṭakarmasu ātmānam āyāsayati (c. of yas) (?).

DRUDGERY: nikṛṣṭakarmāṇi (?), and sim. comp. s.

DRUG (subs.):
     1 auṣadham (= medicine: q. v.);
     2 auṣadhiḥ (= plants used in their composition).

DRUG (v.):
     I Intrans: auṣadhaṃ dadāti.
     II Trans: miśrayati (piśr, c. 1.): v. To mix.

DRUGGET: sthūlaprāvāraḥ (?).

DRUGGIST:
     1 auṣadhavikretṛ (m.) (?);
     2 auṣadhīyadravyavikretṛ, (m.) (?).

DRUID: *drutaḥ. D. -ism: *drutatvam.

DRUM (subs.):
     1 mṛdaṅgaḥ;
     2 paṭahaḥ;
     3 dundubhiḥ;
     4 ḍiṇḍimaḥ (a small d.), beat the d.: āhata ḍiṇḍimam, Mr.

DRUM (v.):
     I Lit.: mṛdaṅgaṃ nādayati (c. of nad), tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.), etc.
     II To throb: kampate (kamp, c. 1.).

DRUM OUT: sapaṭahatāḍaṃ nirvāsayati (c. of vas).

DRUMMER:
     1 mārdaṅgikaḥ;
     2 paṭahatāḍakaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

DRUMSTICK: daṇḍaḥ (= stick).

DRUNK:
     1 mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), half d.: madhyena madena mattaḥ, Ni.; in the fourth stage (a man) d. is worse than dead: caturthe tu made mūḍho mṛtādapyaparo mṛtaḥ, Ni.;
     2 madonmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     3 kṣīvaḥ (vā vaṃ), pari-, d. with the blood of Duhshāsana: kṣīvo duḥśāsanāsṛjā, Ve. Ph.: I got d.: madenāspṛśye; being d.: upoḍhamadaḥ, D. ii.

DRUNKARD:
     1 surāpaḥ;
     2 madyapaḥ;
     3 pānapaḥ, Mah.;
     4 pānaśauṇḍaḥ, R.

DRUNKEN: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), the d. fell: mattāḥ paripatanti sma, Mah.: v. Drunk.

DRUNKENNESS:
     1 mattatā;
     2 madonmattatā;
     3 bhadaḥ;
     4 kṣaivyaṃ or kṣīvatā (rare).

DRY (adj.):
     1 śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ) (in all the senses of the English word), a heap of d. leaves: śuṣkapatrasañcayaḥ, Mr.; when it becomes d.: asmin śuṣke, V.; d. grinding: śuṣkapeṣaḥ, B.; d. altercation: śuṣkavigrahaḥ, B. p.;
     2 pari-śuṣkaḥ sam- ut- vi-, (ṣkā ṣkaṃ). Ph.: d. land: sthalam; d. measure: *śuṣkamānam; d. wine: *śuṣkāsavaḥ.

DRY (v. t.):
     1 śuṣkaṃ (f. ṣkāṃ) karoti, where shall I spread and d. (this cloth): kutra prasārya śuṣkaṃ kariṣyāmi, Mr. viii.:
     2 śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ), should d. the body with penances: tapasā śarīraṃ śoṣayet, V.s.

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DRY (v. i.): śoṣameti (i, c. 2.), yāti (, c. 2.). vrajati (vraj, c. 1.), gacchati (gam, c. 1.), and the ponds dried: yayuḥ śoṣaṃ sarāṃsi ca, V.p.: v. To dry up.

DRY UP (v. i.): śuṣyati (śuṣ, c. 4.), that branch dries up: sā śākhā śuṣyati, S.c.

DRY UP (v. t.): śoṣayati vi- pari- ut- saṃ-, (c. of śuṣ), is like d. ing up the ocean: samudrasyeva śoṣaṇam, Mah.

DRYAD: vanadevatā.

DRY-EYED: prob. śuṣkanetraḥ (trā traṃ): v. Tearless.

DRYNESS: śuṣkatā pari- vi- saṃ-.

DRY-NURSE: astanyapāyinī dhātrī.

DRY-POINT: sūciviśeṣaḥ.

DRY-SHOD: śuṣkapādaḥ (dā daṃ), and sim. comp. s.

DUAL: but why (you have used) the d. number: dvivacanantu katham, U. vi.

DUALITY:
     1 dvitvam;
     2 dvaitam.

DUB (v.):
     1 karoti (= to make);
     2 kīrtayati (= to glorify).

DUBIOUS: saṃdigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ): v. Doubtful.

DUBIOUSLY: sasaṃdeham: v. Doubtfully.

DUBIOUSNESS: saṃdigdhatā: v. Doubtfulness.

DUCAL: *ḍiukīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); uparājakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

DUCAT: *ḍiukīyamudrā; uparājamudrā.

DUCHESS: *ḍiukī; uparājñī.

DUCHY: *uparājyam.

DUCK (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kādambaḥ;
     2 kalahaṃsaḥ.
     II A darling: jātakaḥ (f. ).

DUCK (v.): v. To plunge, nod.

DUCKER:
     I A plunger, diver: q. v.
     II A fawner: q. v.

DUCKLING: kādambaśāvaḥ: v. Duck.

DUCT: nāḍiḥ: v. Also passage.

DUCTILE: vineyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Docile.

DUCTILITY: vineyatā: Docility.

DUDGEON: manyuḥ, in d.: samanyu (mfn.): v. Anger.

DUE (adv.): saralam, d. east: saralapūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ) (?).

DUE (adj.):
     I Owed:
     1 deyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= to be given);
     2 prāpyaḥ (pyā pyaṃ) (= to be received.)
     II Proper, fit: q. v.: upayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     III Owing: the fall of rain is d. to its heaviness: apāṃ patanaṃ tadgurutvakāraṇakam, V. d.: v. Accout of, on-. Ph.: the mail is d. now: adya patrāṇi samāgantavyāni.

DUE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 deyam;
     2 ṛṇam (= debt). Ph.: respect. is d. to elders: pūjyā guravaḥ: v. Ought.
     II Right: q. v.
     III In pl., taxes: śulkaḥ.

DUEL:
     I Subs.: dvandvayuddham.
     II Verbs: dvandvayuddhaṃ karoti.

DUELIST: dvandvayuddhakārin (f. ṇī); dvandvayoddhṛ (f. ddhī).

DUG (subs.): stanaḥ: v. Nipple, teat.

DUGONG: *dvijaṅghaḥ; stanandhayamatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

DUKE: *adhināyakaḥ; uparājaḥ; dyukaḥ

DUKEDOM: *adhināyakatvam; uparājyam.

DULCET: madhuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Sweet.

DULCIMER: tantrī (?); vādyayantraviśeṣaḥ.

DULL (adj.):
     I Of intellect:
     1 mandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ);
     2 mūḍha (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (= stupid).
     II Of colours, etc.:
     1 mandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ); when the d. -lighted (moon) was about to set: athāstamāseduṣi mandakāntau, B.;
     2 malinaḥ (nā naṃ) (= dark).
     III Blunt: q. v.: nistejas (mfn.).
     IV Sad, melancholy: q. v.: viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā).
     V Flat, insipid: q. v.: arasaḥ (sā saṃ).
     VI Heavy, insensible: q. v.
     VII Cloudy, dark: q. v.

DULL (v.):
     I To stupify: jaḍīkaroti.
     II To blunt: kuṇṭhīkaroti.
     III To obscure: malinīkaroti.
     IV To depress: mlānīkaroti.

DULLARD: mūḍhaḥ: v. Fool.

DULL-BRAINED, DULL-HEADED:
     1 mandadhī (n. dhi), Ve.;
     2 mandamati (mfn.), Pra.;
     3 sthūlabuddhi (mfn.), K.

DULLY:
     1 mandam (= slowly);
     2 nīrasam (= insipidly).

DULLINESS:
     1 māndyam (= slowness, dimness);
     2 jāḍyam (= stupidity);
     3 nistejaskatā (= bluntness, drowsiness);
     4 nīrasatā (= insipidity).

DULY:
     I Fitly.: q. v.: yathāyatham.
     II In proper time: yathāsamaye.

DUMB:
     1 mūkaḥ (kā kaṃ) (the best equiv.), deaf and d.: eḍamūkaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ): v. Speechless. To strike d.: jaḍīkaroti.

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DUMB-BELL: prob. ayodaṇḍaḥ, K.

DUMBLY:
     1 mūkam;
     2 niḥśabdam (= silently).

DUMBNESS:
     1 mūkatā;
     2 maukyam (rare).

DUMB-SHOW: mūkaceṣṭā: v. Gesture.

DUMFOUNDER: jaḍīkaroti: v. To confound.

DUMMY: prob. jaḍaḥ.

DUMP: viṣādaḥ: v. Sadness. D. ish: v. Sad, dull.

DUMPLING: a pudding: apple. d: *ātāphalaghargharī.

DUMPY: i. e. short and thick: a d. woman: anāyatā sthūlakāyā nārī: v. Short, thick.

DUN (adj.):
     I Swarthy: kapiśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     II Dark, gloomy: q. v.: ghoraḥ (rā raṃ).

DUN: (subs.):
     I A demand: prārthanā.
     II One who d. s: utpīḍakaḥ (?).

DUN (v.): utpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) (= to trouble).

DUNCE: sthūlabuddhiḥ: v. Fool, block-head.

DUNG (subs.):
     1 viṣṭhā;
     2 purīṣam;
     3 malam;
     4 gūtham.

DUNG (v.):
     I To void excrement:
     1 guvati (gu, c. 6.);
     2 hadate (had, c. 1.).
     II To manure: q. v.

DUNGEON: guptiḥ, Mr.: v. Prison.

DUNG-HILL:
     I Lit.: śakṛtstomaḥ, and sim. com. s.
     II As a term of reproach: nīcayoniḥ.

DUNLIN: ṭiṭṭibhaḥ (?); pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

DUODECIMO: *dvādaśakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

DUPE (v.): vañcayate (vañc, c. 10.): v. To deceive.

DUPE (subs.): viśrambhapravaṇaḥ (= credulous). Ph.: I was their d.: *ahamāsaṃ teṣāṃ kapaṭabhūmiḥ.

DUPLICATE (subs.): *dvitīyā pratilipiḥ.

DUPLICATION: dvaiguṇyam (?).

DUPLICITY: kapaṭaḥ: v. Deception.

DURABILITY:
     1 sthāyitvam;
     2 sthiratā;
     3 akṣayatā.

DURABLE:
     1 sthāyin (f. ) (= lasting, abiding):
     2 sthiraḥ (,) (= constant);
     3 akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= undecaying).

DURABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

DURANCE:
     I Duration: q. v.
     II Imprisonment: q. v.: nirodhaḥ.

DURATION:
     I Durability: sthitiḥ ava- vyava-.
     II Abidingness: sthāyitvam. Ph.: of long d.: dīrghasthāyin (f. ); of short d.: acirasthāyin (f. ).

DURING:
     1 by loc. abs., d. whose reign: yasmin mahīṃ śāsati, R.;
     2 by loc., (when = in). d. youth: yauvanadaśāyām. H.; d. sleep: svapne, D.

DUSK (adj.): v. Dusky.

DUSK (subs.):
     I Lit.: sandhyā (= twilight). Ph.: in the d. of the evening: sāyantane tamasi.
     II A colour: mālinyam.

DUSKINESS:
     I Lit.: īṣadandhakāraḥ.
     II Fig.: malinatā.

DUSKY:
     I Lit.:
     1 tamaskalpa (f. lpā);
     2 īṣadandhakāraḥ (rā raṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.: malinaḥ (nā naṃ).

DUST (subs.):
     1 dhūli () (f.), sea of d.: dhūlījaladhiḥ, Ku.;
     2 rajas (n.), to put down d.: rajaḥ śamayati, Ki.;
     3 reṇu (mf.), to raise d.: reṇumutthāpayati, R.;
     4 pāṃśu (m.) (rare), the whole body smeared with d.: pāṃśūpaliptasarvaṅgaḥ, Mah. Ph.: to throw d. (fig.): dhūliṃ dadāti (used in Bengali.).

DUST (v.): i. e. to brush or sweep away d.: v. To brush; sweep.

DUSTER: *dhūlihāriṇī: v. Brush.

DUSTINESS:
     1 pāṃśulatā;
     2 by adj.

DUST-MAN: dhūlihārakaḥ (?): dhūlivāhaḥ (?).

DUSTY:
     I Filled with dust:
     1 dhūlinicitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 rajovṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 pāṃśulaḥ (lā laṃ); etc.
     II Like dust:
     1 dhūli-, d. white: *dhūlisitaḥ (tā taṃ).

DUTEOUS, DUTIFUL:
     1 bhaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 bhaktimat (f. );
     3 vaśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ) (= submissive);
     4 anuvidhāyin (f. ) (= compliant).

DUTEOUSNESS, DUTIFULNESS:
     1 bhaktiḥ;
     2 vaśyatā (=submissiveness).

DUTY:
     I Moral obligation: dharmaḥ, caste-d. s: varṇadharmān, S.; d. s of kings: rājadharmāḥ, V. s; to abandon d.: dharmyāṃ kriyāṃ muñcati, B. Ph.: it is the d. of i. e. it should be done by: v. Should, ought.
     II Service: niyogaḥ, execute your d.: svaniyogamaśūnyaṃ kuru, Sa. Ph.: one who has done one's d.: kṛtakṛtyaḥ, H.
     III Reverence: bhaktiḥ.
     IV An impost: śulka (mn.).

DUUMVIR: *dvipuruṣau (dual). D. -ate: *dvipuruṣādhikāraḥ.

DWARF:
     1 vāmanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 kharva (f. rvā).

DWARF (v. t.):
     1 kharvayati (nomi.);
     2 kharvīkaroti.

DWARFISH:
     1 vāmanaḥ (nī naṃ), d. stature: vāmanī mūrtiḥ, N. i. 24.;
     2 kharvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ): v. Short.

DWARFISHNESS:
     1 kharvatā;
     2 vāmanatā (?).

DWELL (v. i.): vasati ni- upa- anu- adhi- ā- prati- sam- sanni- adhyā-, (vas, c. 1.) (the last eight are not common), d. s in the forest: vane upavasati, S. k.

DWELL ON or UPON:
     I To detail: q. v.: prapañcayati (nomi.), S.
     II To remain absorbed with: nirvarṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.), D.

DWELLER: nivāsin (f. ): v. Inhabitant.

DWELLING:
     1 nivāsaḥ;
     2 vasatiḥ;
     3 vāsaḥ ā-.

DWELLING-HOUSE:
     1 vāsagṛham;
     2 vaśativeśman (n.), Ki.; and sim. comp. s.

DWELLING-PLACE: vāsabhūmiḥ ā-, H. and sim. comp.s.

DWINDLE: kṣīyate (pass. of kṣī): v. To waste away, decrease.

DYE (subs.):
     1 raṅgaḥ;
     2 rāgaḥ.

DYE (v. t.): rañjayati abhi-, (c. of rañj), d. d with indigo: nīlyā raktam, S. k.: v. To paint.

DYED WITH (as adj.): by a deriv.: d. madder: māñjiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhī); d. turmeric: hāridra (f. drā), S. k.

DYEING: rañjanam abhi-.

DYER:
     1 raṅgājīvaḥ;
     2 rañjakaḥ.

DYE-WOOD: raṅgakāṣṭham.

DYING (adj.): Ph. D. man: mriyamāṇaḥ: v. To die; d. hour: maraṇakālaḥ: v. Death.

DYNAMICS: *gativijñānam, rigid d.: *sthūlagativijñānam.

DYNASTIC:
     1 vaṃśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ);
     2 by comp.

DYNASTY: vaṃśaḥ, the solar d.: sūryavaṃśaḥ; of the solar d.: sūryavaṃśya (f. śyā), R. xvi. 10.; that d. will become extinct with Kshemaka: kṣemakaṃ prāpya sa vaṃśaḥ saṃsthāṃ prāpsyate, V. p.

DYSENTERY:
     1 grahaṇī;
     2 āmaraktaḥ.

DYSPEPSIA: āmayāvittvam: v. Indigestion.

DYSPEPTIC: āmayāvin (f. ).

DYSURY: mūtrakṛcchram.


EACH: v. Every. Ph.: went e. to his own house: svaṃ svaṃ dhāma jagmatuḥ, B. p.; e. of these: eṣāmekaikam, K.; gave one code to e.: ekaikāṃ saṃhitāmekaikasmai dadau, B. p.: v. Everybody; we are ashamed of e. other: anyonyasya jihnīmaḥ, Ki. v.: One another.

EAGER:
     I Desirous:
     1 lālasaḥ (sā saṃ) (best equiv.), e. to see Śiva: īśānasaṃdarśanalālasaḥ (sā saṃ), Ku.;
     2 lolupaḥ (pā paṃ), e. for an embrace: āśleṣalolupaḥ (pā paṃ), Si.
     II Impetuous, fervent:
     1 vyagraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 utsukaḥ (kā kaṃ), the spring is very e.: paryutsuka eṣa mādhavaḥ, Ku.
     III Brittle: q. v.

EAGERLY:
     1 saspṛham (= longingly);
     2 satṛṣṇam (= thirstily);
     3 sotsāham (= zealously);
     4 vyagram (= impetuously).

EAGERNESS:
     I Eager desire:
     1 lālasā;
     2 tṛṣṇā (= thirst).
     II Impetuosity: vyagratā.
     III Zeal: utsāhaḥ.

EAGLE: prob. khaṭvāṅgaḥ of Mat.; pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

EAGLE-EYED: gṛdhradṛś (mfn.) or -dṛṣṭi (mfn.).

EAGLE-STONE: upalauhaviśeṣaḥ.

EAGLET: khaṭvāṅgaśāvakaḥ (?).

EAR (subs.):
     I Of animals:
     1 karṇaḥ, to come to one's e.s: karṇapatham āyāti, Sa.; to shut the e.: karṇau pidadhāti, M.; to lend an e.: karṇaṃ dadāti, Sa.; to whisper into one'se: karṇe kathayati, Mu.; the boring of the e. s (a religious ceremony) karṇavedhaḥ; the root of an e.: karṇamūlam, R., or karṇāntaḥ. R., or karṇajāham, B.; the middle e. or drum of the e.: karṇakūpaḥ, N.;
     2 śrotram, e. -enchanting: śrotrahārin (f. ṇī), K.;
     3 śrutiḥ, being of the same name to the e.: śruteḥ sanāmnaḥ, Mu. Ph.: the tip of an e.: pāliḥ; the outer e.: śaṣkulī, C. s.
     II Of other objects: perh. karṇaḥ.
     III Of corn:
     1 kaṇiśa (mn.);
     2 śasyamañjarī.

EAR (v.):
     I To plough: q. v.
     II To put forth ears of corn: v. To put forth.

EAR-ACHE: karṇaśūlam, Sr., creates a bad man's e.: upajanayati śravaṇasthitaṃ śūlamabhavyasya, K.

EARED:
     I Having ears:
     1 karṇin (f. );
     2 karṇavat (f. );
     3 karṇilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Spiked: mañjaritaḥ (tā taṃ).

EARDROP: karṇapūraḥ (?): v. Ear-ring.

EAR LAP: karṇapāliḥ.

EAR-LESS:
     1 akarṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ);
     2 karṇahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp.s.

EAR-MARK:
     I Lit.: karṇacihnam.
     II Any mark: cihnam.

EAR-RING:
     1 kuṇḍalam, gold e.: kāñcanakuṇḍalam, Si.;
     2 karṇapālī;
     3 karṇikā;
     4 karṇabhūṣaṇam;
     5 karṇaveṣṭanam.

EAR-SHOT: karṇaviṣayaḥ; karṇagocaraḥ; and sim. comp.s.

EAR-TRUMPET: *karṇanādinī.

EAR-WAX:
     1 karṇamalaḥ;
     2 karṇagūtham;
     3 tokmam.

EAR-WIG: karṇakīṭī (?).

EARL: upādhiviśeṣaḥ; *upanāyakaḥ. E. dom: *upanāyakatvam.

EARLINESS: expr. by adj.: v. Early.

EARLY (adj.):
     I Commencing: Ph.: e. drops of rain: varṣāgrabindavaḥ, Me.; in the e. part of the day: divasasyādyabhāge, Dak.; e. twilight: agrasandhyā, Sa.; e. youth: prathamaṃ vayaḥ.
     II Ancient: q. v.: in e. times: pūrvakāle.
     III Forward: the winter is e. this year: *asmin varṣe śīghraṃ samāgataṃ śītam; e. death: akālamṛtyuḥ.
     IV In the morning: pragetanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Morning.

EARLY (adv.):
     I In the morning:
     1 prātar;
     2 pratyūṣasi: v. Morning. Ph.: very e. in the morning: atipratyūṣe or mahati pratyūṣe, Sa.
     II Soon: q. v.:
     1 śīdhram;
     2 acireṇa.
     III First: q. v.: pūrvam.

EARN (v.):
     1 arjayati upa-, (arj, c. 10.), e. ing fleeting fortune: arjayan gatvarīḥ śriyaḥ, Ki,;
     2 arjanaṃ or upārjanaṃ karoti, after e. ing three hundred sovereigns: suvarṇaśatatrayopārjanaṃ kṛtvā, P.: v. To acquire.

EARNEST (adj.):
     I Eager, zealous: q. v.:
     1 vyagraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 sotsāhaḥ (hā haṃ). Ph.: e. wish: ekāntakāmanā.
     II Intent:
     1 ekāgraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 niviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Serious: q. v.

EARNEST (subs.):
     I Reality: satyam. Ph.: I am in e.: na parihasāmi.
     II Eagerness, intentness: q. v.
     III Part-payment:
     1 satyāpanam;
     2 satyaṅkāraḥ, to give e.: satyaṅkāraṃ dadāti, Vy.

EARNESTLY:
     I With fixed attention:
     1 ekāgracittena;
     2 niviṣṭamanasā.
     II Eagerly: q. v.: sotsāham.
     III Seriously: q. v.

EARNESTNESS:
     I Eagerness: vyagratā.
     II Intentness: ekāgratā.
     III Seriousness: q. v.

EARNING (subs.): arjitam upa-, one's own e. s: svayamarjitam, Ga.; e. s of valour: śauryārjitam, Da.

EARTH (subs.):
     I The globe:
     1 pṛthivī;
     2 pṛthvī;
     3 vasudhā;
     4 vasumatī;
     5 vasundharā;
     6 avani: (f.);
     7 medinī;
     8 mahī;
     9 dharitrī;
     10 bhūḥ;
     11 bhūmiḥ;
     12 dharā;
     13 kṣitiḥ;
     14 dharaṇī.
     II The dry land: sthalam.
     III Clay:
     1 mṛttikā;
     2 mṛd (f.).

EARTH (v.):
     I Trans: bhūmau nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     II Intrans: [bhūmau] vasati (vas, c. 1.).

EARTH-BORN:
     1 bhūmijaḥ (jā jaṃ), and sim. comp.s;
     2 bhaumaḥ (mī maṃ), when you went to conquer the e.: tvayi bhaumaṃ gate jetum, Si.

EARTHEN:
     1 mṛnmayaḥ (yī yaṃ), e. vessel: mṛnmayaṃ pātram, R.;
     2 mārtikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare).

EARTHEN-WARE:
     1 mṛdbhāṇḍam;
     2 mṛnmayaṃ bhāṇḍam;
     3 mārtikam;
     4 kaulālakam.

EARTHLING:
     1 bhaubhaḥ;
     2 martyaḥ.

EARTHLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 pārthivaḥ (vī vaṃ), e. fortune: pārthivaśrīḥ, R.;
     2 bhaumaḥ (mī maṃ), e. forms: bhaumā upādhayaḥ, Vi.; sāṃsārikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= worldly q. v.).
     II Conceivable: khalu; what e. pleasure: kiṃ khalu sukham.

EARTHQUAKE:
     1 bhūmikampaḥ, Raj.;
     2 kṣitikampaḥ,
     V m.;
     3 avaniprakampanam, Ku. and sim. comp.s.

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EARTH-WORM:
     I Lit.: pīluḥ.
     II Fig.: kīṭaḥ.

EARTHWORK:
     I Lit.: mṛduttolanam (?).
     II A mound: q. v.

EARTHY: v. Earthen, earthly.

Ease (subs.):
     I Comfort: sukham, at e.: sukhena or nirudvegena.
     II Peace, tranquillity:
     1 nirvṛttiḥ, how could he have e. kadhaṃ syāttasya nirvṛtiḥ, P.;
     2 svāsthyam, I am now at e.: labdhamidānīṃ svāsthyam, Sa.
     III Facility: anāyāsaḥ, with e.: v. Easily.
     IV Of style, etc.: svācchandyam (?).

EASE (v.):
     I To comfort: svasthayati (nomi.).
     II To alleviate: laghayati (nomi.)
     III To move gently: īṣaccālayati (c. of cal).
     IV To dung: aśaucaṃ karoti, V. s.

EASEL: *citrādhāraḥ.

EASEMENT:
     I Assistance: q. v.
     II In law: parabhūmāvadhikāraḥ.

EASILY:
     I With facility:
     1 sukhena, or sukham, or sukha in comp., e. to be got: sukhena labhya (f. bhyā), Ki. i. 17.; digests e.: sukhaṃ jīryati, Sr.;
     2 anāyāsena or nirāyāsena (= without exertion), to sustain e.: anāyāsena bibharti, K.
     3 akleśena (= without trouble).
     II Without anxiety:
     1 nirudvegena;
     2 niścintam.
     III Gently, gracefully: q. v.

EASINESS:
     I Comfort: sukham.
     II Goodnature: saujanyam.
     III Credulity: q. v.
     IV Of style, etc.: strācchandyam (?).
     V Facility: saukaryam; better expr. by adj.: v. Easy (I).

EAST (adj.):
     1 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ), on the e.: pūrvataḥ, A. p.;
     2 prāc (f. ), e. of Vinashana: prāgvinaśanāt, M.

EAST (subs.):
     1 pūrvadiś (f.), and sim. comp.s, flow towards the e.: pūrvāṃ diśaṃ prati sravanti, S. c.;
     2 prācī, he first went to the e.: sa yayau prathamaṃ prācīṃ, R.;
     3 aindrī dik and sim. comp.s, Ki.

EASTER: *kṛṣṭasya punarutthānaparvan (n.).

EASTERLY:
     I Adj.: v. Eastern.
     II Adv.: expr. by loc.:
     1 pūrvasyāṃ diśi;
     2 prācyām; etc.

EASTERN:
     1 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ), the e. and western oceans: pūrvāparau toyanidhī, Ku.;
     2 prācyaḥ (cyā cyaṃ), e. gate: prācyaṃ dvāram, B.; the e. s: prācyāḥ, Mah.;
     3 paurastya (f. styā), e. regions: paurastyā janapadāḥ, R.

EASTWARD: expr. by ins.:
     1 pūrveṇa;
     2 prācyā or prācā, passing a little e.: prācā kiñcidantaramatikramya, D.

EASY:
     I Not difficult:
     1 sukaraḥ (rā raṃ), ayatnasādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ), etc. (= e. to do), it is not e. to break great men's contemplation: na hi mahatāṃ sukaraḥ samādhimaṅgaḥ, Ki.;
     2 sugamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= e. to go or understand), the rest is e.: śeṣaṃ sugamam, Go.;
     3 su in comp., fortune is not e. to keep: asurakṣāḥ śriyaḥ, Ki.; Indra is e. to worship: svārādhyo marutvān, Ki.
     II Quiet, calm: q. v.:
     1 nirvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 susthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ).
     III Of style, etc.: svacchandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ) (?).
     IV Causing ease: uttamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= good).
     V Compliant: anurodhin (f. ).

EAT (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 khādati (khād, c. 1.), should not e. fishes: matsyānna khādet, K. b.;
     2 atti (ad, c. 2.), we e. Brahmins: ahmo dvijān, B.;
     3 aśnāti (, c. 9.), and nobody returned without e. ing who wanted to e.: icchatāśitumanāśuṣā na ca pratyagāmi, Si.;
     4 bhakṣati or bhakṣayati (bhakṣ, c. 1. and 10.), will e. us all: bhakṣayiṣyati naḥ sarvān, A. r.;
     5 bhuṃkte (bhuj, c. 7.), they ate belly-ful: amībhirākaṇṭhamamoji, N.;
     6 jakṣiti (jakṣ, c. 2.) (rare);
     7 ghasati (ghas, c. 1.) (rare);
     8 psāti (psā, c. 2.) (rare).
     II To corrode: khādati: Ph.: to e. one's own words: svavacanaṃ vitathaṃ karoti (?).

EAT (v. i.):
     I Lit.: v. Eat (I).
     II To taste: q. v.

EAT AWAY, EAT OUT: khādati saṃ-.

EAT UP:
     1 bhakṣati or bhakṣayati;
     2 jakṣiti (rare).

EATABLE (Subs.):
     1 khādyam;
     2 bhojyam;
     3 makṣyam;
     4 bhojanīyam;
     5 aśitavyam; etc.

EATER:
     1 khādakaḥ;
     2 bhakṣakaḥ;
     3 bhoktṛ (m.);
     4 bhojin (m.), man -e.: mānuṣabhojin, A. r.;
     5 -āśin, e. of one's own race: svakulāśin, N.;
     6 -adaḥ, a fish-e. is e. of all flesh: matsyādaḥ sarvamāṃsādaḥ, M.;
     7 -bhuj (m.), man -e.: nṛbhuj, B.

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EATING (subs.):
     1 bhojanam;
     2 bhakṣaṇam;
     3 aśanam.

EAVES:
     1 nīdhram;
     2 valikaḥ;
     3 syandanikā;
     4 paṭalaprāntaḥ.

EAVESDROPPER: śravaṇakāmukaḥ (?).

EBB (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kṣīyamāṇā velā;
     2 velāhnāsaḥ.
     II Fig.: v. Decline, decay.

EBB (v.):
     1 kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi);
     3 hnāsaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.).

EBONY: kovidāraḥ, a banner of e.: kovidāraketuḥ, U.

EBRIETY: mattatā, in a state of e.: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Drunkenness.

EBULLITION:
     I Lit.: budvudāyitam (?).
     II Fig.: udrekaḥ.

ECCENTRIC:
     I Deviating from a centre: *kendrabhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     II Not having the same e.: *viṣamakendraḥ (ndrā ndraṃ).
     III Irregular, odd.: perh. viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).

ECCENTRICITY: vaiṣamyam. (?): v. Oddity.

ECCLESIASTIC, -AL (adj.):
     1 dharma- in comp.;
     2 yājakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).

ECCLESIASTIC (subs.): yājakaḥ (?).

ECHINUS: v. Hedgehog.

ECHO (subs.):
     1 pratiśabdaḥ -kaḥ, men follow royal sayings like e. s: pratiśabdaka iva rājavacanamanugacchati janaḥ, K.;
     2 pratidhvaniḥ;
     3 pratisvanaḥ, by its e. in the cave: pratisvanenāsya guhāgatena, R.;
     4 pratinādaḥ.

ECHO (v. i.):
     1 pratidhvanati (dhvan, c. 1.);
     2 pratisvanati (svan, c. 1.);
     3 pratinadati (nad, c. 1.), the noise e. ed in the caves: dhvanirdarīṣu pratinanāda, Ki.

ECHO (v. t.):
     I To cause to e.:
     1 pratidhvānayati (c. of dhvan), e. ing the cave: kandarabhuvaḥ kurvan pratidhvānitāḥ, Na.;
     2 pratinādayati, (c. of nad).
     II To echo: q. v.: anu-nadati, etc.
     III Fig., to adopt: expr. by these verbs: v. Echo (subs.).

ECLAT:
     I Splendour: q. v.: praśaṃsā.
     II Applause: q. v.

ECLECTIC: *samāhārin (f. ṇī).

ECLIPSE (subs.):
     1 grahaṇam (the best equiv.), total e.: sampūrṇagrahaṇam, Su. com., or sarvagrahaṇam, Gan.;
     2 grāsaḥ, partial e.: āṃśikagrāsaḥ, Su. com.; magnitude of an e.: grāsapramāṇam, Gan.;
     3 uparāgaḥ, lunar e.: candroparāgaḥ, Mu. i.;
     4 grahaḥ (rare).

ECLIPSE (v.):
     I Lit.: chādayati pra- ā- saṃ-, (chad, c. 10.), in the solar e. the moon e. s the sun: ravigrahaṇe raviṃ vidhuśchādayati, Gan.
     II Fig.: to obscure, darken:
     1 chādayati pra-, e. ing their fame: kīrtiṃ pracchādya teṣāṃ vai, Mah.;
     2 tiraskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), so long as your title of prince is not e. d by the title of emperor: adhirājaśabdenātiraskṛte kumāraśabde, Mu.

ECLIPTIC:
     1 krāntivṛttam;
     2 krāntimaṇḍalam.

ECLOGUE: *gopakāvyam.

ECONOMIC, -AL:
     I Domestic: q. v.
     II Frugal: q. v.
     III Prudent, careful: q. v.: apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).
     IV Relating to economy: expr. by comp. Ph.: e. museum: *sādhāraṇakautukāgāram.

ECONOMICALLY: v. Frugally, prudently.

ECONOMICS: arthaśāstram: v. Economy.

ECONOMIST:
     I Lit.: vivekavyayin (f. ) (?).
     II Political e.: arthaśāstravid (mfn.) (?).

ECONOMIZE: vivekena vyayate (vyay, c. 1.) (?).

ECONOMY:
     I Lit.: vivekavyayaḥ (?).
     II Orderly system: niyamāvaliḥ (?). Political e.: arthaśāstram (?).

ECSTACY:
     I Rapture: harṣonmādaḥ, in e.: saharṣonmādam, Vi.
     II Madness, frenzy: q. v.: unmādaḥ.

ECSTATIC:
     I Entrancing: unmādin (f. ), as if in e. mind: unmādineva manaseva, N.
     II Rapturous: unmādin (f. ).

ECUMENIC, -AL:
     1 sārvalaukikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 viśvajanīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

EDDY (subs.):
     1 āvartaḥ;
     2 bhramiḥ: v. Whirlpool. E. of wind: cakravātyā: v. Whirlwind.

EDDY (v.):
     I Lit.: bhramībhavati (?).
     II Fig.: āvartavad bhrāmyati (bhram, c. 4.).

EDGE (subs.):
     I Of a cutting instrument: dhārā, the sharp e. of the axe of Rāma: dhārāṃ śitāṃ rāmaparaśvadhasya, R.
     II Border, end: q. v.: dhārā.
     III Sharpness, severity: tejas (n.).
     IV Commencement: prārambhaḥ. Ph.: "to set the teeth on e.": dantaharṣaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.).

EDGE (v. t.):
     I To whet: q. v.:
     1 prob. dhārayati;
     2 śāṇayati (nomi.).
     II To embitter: q. v.: tejayati ut-, Vi.
     III To border: q. v.

EDGE (v. i.): i. e. to e. along: prasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.) (?).

EDGED:
     1 sadhāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 dhārojjvalaḥ (lā laṃ) (poet), Pra.

EDGING (subs.):
     1 prāntaḥ: v. Border;
     2 daśā (of a garment).

EDIBLE: khādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ): v. Eatable.

EDICT: śāsanam: v. Order.

EDIFICATION: śikṣā (?): v. Instruction, improvement.

EDIFICE:
     1 prāsādaḥ;
     2 saudham;
     3 harmyam;
     4 aṭṭālikā,

EDIFY:
     1 utkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (= to ennoble);
     2 śikṣayati (śikṣ, c. 10.) (= to teach).

EDIFYING (adj.):
     1 jñānadaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 mohadhvaṃsin (f. ).

EDIT:
     1 prakāśayati (kāś, c. 10.) (= to publish);
     2 saṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.) (?);
     3 mudrayati (mudr, c. 10.) (= to print).

EDITION: *saṃskaraṇam, first e.: prathamasaṃskaraṇam.

EDITOR: *saṃskartṛ (f. rtrī);
     2 prakāśaka (f. śikā) (= publisher).

EDUCATE:
     1 vinayati (, c. 1.), e. d him: vininyurenam, R. iii. 29.;
     2 śikṣayati (śikṣ, c. 1.) (= to instruct);
     3 saṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.) (= to dress up).

EDUCATED: of men:
     1 kṛtavidyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ);
     2 suśikṣitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Learned.

EDUCATION:
     1 saṃskāraḥ, e. has been given by (your) father with great care: pitrā mahatā prayatnena samāropitasaṃskāraḥ, K.;
     2 vinayaḥ (rare), by giving e.: vinayādhānāt, R.;
     3 śikṣā (= instruction).

EDUCATIONAL: Ph.: for e. purposes: *prajāśikṣārtham; e. series *śikṣāpustakāvaliḥ; e. department: *śikṣāvibhāgaḥ.

EDUCATOR:
     1 vinetṛ (f. trī);
     2 saṃskṛrtṛ (f. rtrī).

EDUCE
     1 unnayati (, c. 1.);
     2 ut-harati -te hṛ, c. 1.).

EEL: kuñcikā (?); varmiḥ (?).

EFFACE: mārṣṭi or mārjayati apa- ut- nir- pra- vyā-, (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.), to e. the mud of infamy: pramārṣṭumayaśaḥpaṅkam, Ki.

EFFACEMENT: mārjanā -nam apa- pra- nir-.

EFFECT (subs.):
     I As opposed to cause: kāryam, there is no e. in the absence of a cause: kāraṇābhāvāt kāryābhāvaḥ, V. d.
     II Consequence, result: q. v.: phalam, of no e.: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Force, importance: Ph.: he always speaks with e.: hṛdayagrāhīṇi sadā khalu tasya vacāṃsi; "the e. was heightened by the lonely nature of the place": *sthānaviviktatā raudratāṃ vardhayāmāsa: (the real e. should be expr. in such cases).
     IV Purpose: q. v.: abhiprāyaḥ, to this e.: etadabhiprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     V Fact: q. v.: in e.: phalataḥ, S.
     VI In pl., goods: q. v. sampattiḥ.

EFFECT (v.): niṣpādayati (c. of pad): v. To accomplish.

EFFECTIBLE:
     1 sādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ);
     2 niṣpādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ).

EFFECTION:
     1 niṣpādanam;
     2 upapādanam;
     3 sādhanam.

EFFECTIVE:
     I Producing effects: kāryotpādaka (f. dikā).
     II Effectual: phalavat (f. ).
     III Telling, impressive: hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī).
     IV Serviceable: kāryakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).

EFFECTIVENESS: of speech: hṛdayagrāhitvam.

EFFECTLESS: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Ineffectual.

EFFECTOR: niṣpādakaḥ: v. Doer, author.

EFFECTUAL:
     1 phalavat (f. );
     2 saphalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 balavat (f. ) (= forcible).

EFFECTUALLY:
     1 saphalam;
     2 balavat (= forcibly);
     3 amogham (without failure).

EFFECTUATE: sampādayati (c. of pad): v. To accomplish.

EFFEMINACY:
     1 kāpuruṣatvam (= cowardice);
     2 klaivyam;
     3 mārdavam (= mildness).

EFFEMINATE:
     I Womanish:
     1 klīvaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. Unmanly, coward;
     2 sukumāraḥ (rā raṃ); v. Delicate.
     II Womanly: straiṇa (f. ṇī), by e. lightness: straiṇena laghimnā, B.

EFFEMINATELY: strīvat, to shed eye-drops e.: strīvannayanasalilaṃ parityajati, Ve.

EFFEMINATENESS: v. Effeminacy.

EFFERVESCE: budvudāyate (nomi.) (?).

EFFERVESCENCE:
     I Lit.: budvudāyitam (?).
     II Fig., excitement: tāpaḥ.

EFFETE:
     1 bandhyaḥ (ndhyā ndhyaṃ): v. Barren;
     2 jīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (= worn-out).

EFFICACIOUS:
     1 guṇavat (f. );
     2 phalavat (f. ).

EFFICACIOUSLY: saphalam: v. Effectually.

EFFICACIOUSNESS, EFFICACY:
     1 guṇavattā;
     2 sāphalyam;
     3 prabhāvaḥ (= power).

EFFICIENCY:
     I Effectual agency: kāryotpādikā śaktiḥ.
     II Competent energy:
     1 tejas (n.);
     2 prabhāvaḥ.
     III Ability: dākṣyam.

EFFICIENT:
     1 kāryakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 dakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ) (= able).

EFFICIENTLY:
     1 dākṣyeṇa (= ably);
     2 atandritam (= actively).

EFFIGY: pratimā: v. Image, likeness.

EFFLORESCENCE:
     I Lit.: puṣpodūgamaḥ.
     II Fig.: āvirbhāvaḥ: v. Appearance.

EFFLUENCE: nirgamaḥ: v. Issue, flow.

EFFLUVIUM: perh. udgāraḥ: v. Exhalation.

EFFLUX: srāvaḥ: v. Flow, effusion.

EFFORT: yatnaḥ pra-, with the utmost possible e.: sarvaprayatnena, R.: v. Endeavour, attempt.

EFFORTLESS: niryatnaḥ (tnā tnaṃ), V. p.; and sim. comp.s.

EFFRONTERY: dhārṣṭya m: v. Impudence, boldness, shamelessness.

EFFULGENCE: ujjvalatā: v. Splendour, brightness.

EFFULGENT: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Bright, splendid.

EFFUSION: srāvaḥ, e. of blood: raktasrāvaḥ: v. Flow.

EFT: tṛṇagodhā (?).

EGG (subs.):
     1 aṇḍam (the best equiv.), hen's e.: kukkuṭāṇḍam, Ya.; I will lay e. s there: tatrāhamaṇḍakavimokṣaṇaṃ karomi, P. i. 12. (rarely);
     2 ḍimbaḥ;
     3 koṣaḥ;
     4 peśī.

EGG ON (v.): protsāhayati (c. of sah): v. To instigate, impel.

EGG-PLANT:
     1 vārtākuḥ;
     2 vaṅganaḥ;
     3 hiṇḍīraḥ.

EGG-SPOON: *aṇḍakhādanacamasaḥ.

EGLANTINE: vanyasevatī (?).

EGOISM:
     I Philo: ahaṃvādaḥ.
     II Egotism: q. v.

EGOTISM: ātmaślāghā: v. Vanity, pride.

EGOTIST: ātmaślāghin (f. ): v. Vain, proud.

EGOTISTIC, -AL: ātmaślāghāmayāḥ (yī yaṃ).

EGOTISTICALLY:
     1 ātmaślāghayā; ātmaślāghāpūrvakam.

EGREGIOUS: asādhāraṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ) (= uncommon), e. mistake: asādhāraṇabhramaḥ. Ph.: e. fool: atyantamūrkhaḥ.

EGREGIOUSLY: atyantam: v. Exceedingly.

EGRESS:
     1 nirgamaḥ -ṇam;
     2 niryāṇam;
     3 niṣkramaḥ -ṇam.

EIDER-DOWN: perh. haṃsatūlaḥ, D. v.

EIGHT: aṣṭan (mfn.), in e. ways or parts: aṣṭadhā; e. times: aṣṭakṛtvaḥ or aṣṭavārān.

EIGHTEEN: aṣṭādaśan (mfn.). E. th: aṣṭādaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).

EIGHTFOLD: aṣṭaguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

EIGHTH (adj.): aṣṭamaḥ (mī maṃ), in the e. place: aṣṭamataḥ.

EIGHTH (subs.):
     1 aṣṭamāṃśaḥ or aṣṭāṃśaḥ;
     2 aṣṭamabhāgaḥ or aṣṭabhāgaḥ.

EIGHTIETH:
     1 aśītitamaḥ (mī maṃ);
     2 aśītaḥ (tī taṃ).

EIGHTLY:
     1 aṣṭamataḥ;
     2 aṣṭamam.

EIGHTY: aśītiḥ, e. times: aśītikṛtvaḥ.

EITHER (conj.):
     1 vā ..........vā (never at the beginning of a clause), e. I dissolve on the summit of this mountain: nagamūrddhani vilīye vā, Ki.;
     2 .........kiṃvā, will touch e. his nails or his arrow-heads: tannakhaṃ kiṃvā tadiṣumukhaṃ spraṣṭāraḥ, Vi.: v. Or.

EITHER (pro.): Ph.: e. of two: anyataraḥ (rā rat); e. of three: anyatamaḥ (mā mat); "on e. cheek": kapolayoḥ; "on e. side": ubhayataḥ: v. Both; not e. v. Neither.

EJACULATE: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.), to e. greatness: māhātmyam udgirati, Vi.: v. To utter.

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EJACULATION: udgāraḥ, N.: v. Cry (subs.).

EJACULATORY: perh. udīryamāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

EJECT: nirasyati (asa, c. 4.): v. To throw out, drive away.

EJECTION, EJECTMENT: niḥsāraṇam nirasanam.

EKE (adv.): api: v. Also.

EKE (v.):
     I To increase: q. v.: vardhayati.
     II To extend: q. v.

ELABORATE:
     1 bahuśrameṇa karoti (= to produce with labour);
     2 saṃskaroti (= to refine: q. v.).

ELABORATE (adj.):
     1 saṃskṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (= refined);
     2 bahuśramasiddha (f. ddhā).

ELABORATELY:
     1 bahuśrameṇa (= with great labour: q. v.);
     2 sasaṃskāram (?).

ELABORATION:
     I Refinement: saṃskāraḥ.
     II Of style, etc.: *saṃskāraḥ,

ELAPSE:
     1 atyeti sam-, (i, c. 2.), 12 years have e. d: dvādaśasamāḥ samatīyuḥ, D. iv.;
     2 atikrāmati or krāmyati sam-, (kram, c. 1. and 4.), when the sixth night wakSing had e. d: atikrānte ṣaṣṭhījāgare, K.: v. To pass.

ELASTIC:
     I Lit.: sthitisthāpakaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II Fig.: v. Cheerful, brisk.

ELASTICITY: sthitisthāpakaḥ, Par.; sthitisthāpakatā -tvam.

ELATE (v.): utsecayati (c. of sic): v. To puff up, inflate.

ELATE or ELATED, TO BE: utsiñcati (sic, c. 6.), (yet) his mind was not e.: na tasyotsiṣice manaḥ, R.

ELATION: utsekaḥ: v. Pride; to elate.

ELBOW:
     1 aratniḥ;
     2 kaphoṇiḥ;
     3 kūrparaḥ. Ph.: saw her leaning on her left e.: vāmakaratalavinihitamukhakamalāṃ dadarśa, K.

ELBOW-ROOM: i. e. room for motion: avakāśaḥ.

ELDER (adj.):
     1 jyeṣṭhaḥ (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 jyāyas (f. ) (rare);
     3 vayodhikaḥ (kā kaṃ). E. brother: agrajaḥ; e. sister: agrajā.

ELDER (subs.):
     I A tree: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.
     II An e. person:
     1 vṛddhaḥ, e. s in knowledge, and merit: janmavidyāguṇajyeṣṭhaḥ, Vri.

ELDERLY: adhidhakavayas (mfn.): pravayas (mfn.).

ELDERSHIP:
     1 jyeṣṭhatā -tvam;
     2 jyaiṣṭham, Da.

ELDEST: jyeṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ), the e. or his next, jyeṣṭho'nantaro vā, L. s.

ELECT (v.):
     I To choose: q. v.
     II To select by vote: no equiv.: nirvācayati (c. of vac) (?); manonītaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti (in Bengali).

ELECT (adj.): nirvācitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?); sthirīkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

ELECTION:
     I Choice: q. v.
     II For an office: nirvācanam (?).
     III The e. s: *nirvācanakāryāṇi (n. pl.).
     IV Free will: icchā.
     V Discernment: vivekaḥ.

ELECTIONEERING:
     I Subs.: *nirvācananirvāhaḥ.
     II Adj.: expr. by comp., e. agent: *nirvācananirvāhakarmakaraḥ.

ELECTIVE: Ph.: e. franchise: *nirvācanādhikāraḥ; e. office *nirvācanīyapadam.

ELECTOR: *nirvācakaḥ; nirvācanādhikārin (m.).

ELECTORAL: expr. by comp., the e. body: *nirvācakasampradāyaḥ.

ELECTRIC, ELECTRICAL:
     1 vaidyataḥ (tī taṃ), e. fire: vaidyutaḥ kṛśānuḥ; Ki.;
     2 by comp., e. current: *taḍitpravāhaḥ.

ELECTRICITY:
     1 taḍit (f.), the science of e.: *taḍidvijñānam;
     2 vidyut (f.), atmospheric e.: *vāyavavidyut.

ELECTRIFY:
     I Lit.: to e. a jar: *ghaṭaṃ taḍitvantaṃ karoti.
     II Fig., to surprise: paraṃ vismayaṃ janayati (c. of jan).

ELECTUARY: avalehaḥ, Bha.

ELEEMOSYNARY: i. e. relating to or founded or supported by charity: q. v.

ELEGANCE:
     1 cārutā: v. Beauty;
     2 mādhuryam (of style, etc.), Kav.

ELEGANT:
     1 cāru (f. rvī): v. Beautiful;
     2 madhuraḥ (rā raṃ) (of style, manners, etc.).

ELEGANTLY:
     1 cāru;
     2 madhuram;
     3 sulalitam (of movements, etc.).

ELEGIAC: karuṇārthagrathitaḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comp.s. E. metre (in Sanskrit): viyoginīvṛttam, M.n.

ELEGY: karuṇārthagrathitaṃ kāvyam (= poem) or gītam (= song).

ELEMENT:
     I An e. ary substance:
     1 bhūtam, sky, etc. are the five e.s: pañcabhūtāni viyadādīni, D. s.; the sixth of the great e. s: bhūtānāṃ mahatāṃ ṣaṣṭhaḥ, R.;
     2 mūlapadārthaḥ.
     II Rudiments: q. v.: e. s of grammer: vyākaraṇasāraḥ or laghuvyākaraṇam.
     III The proper sphere: Ph.: he is out of his e.: *na svabhūmau vartate saḥ.

ELEMENTARY: Ph.: e. substance: mūlapadārthaḥ; e. instruction: vārtāmātrāvabodhanam, D.; e. treatise: laghuprabandhaḥ (?).

ELEPHANT:
     1 gajaḥ, e. -cakSer: gajabandhaḥ, Vet.; a wild e.: vanagajaḥ;
     2 hastin (m.);
     3 karin (m.);
     4 mātaṅgaḥ;
     5 kuñjaraḥ;
     6 nāgaḥ;
     7 vāraṇaḥ; a rutting e.: mattavāraṇaḥ;
     8 dantin (m.);
     9 dvipaḥ, a newly caught e.: navagraho dvipaḥ, D. ii.; a musk -e.: gandhadvipaḥ. A she -e.:
     1 kariṇī;
     2 hastinī;
     3 gajavaśā;
     4 kareṇu (f.). A young e.: kara(la)bhaḥ. The leader of a (wild) herd (of e.s): yūthanāthaḥ or yūthapaḥ. A large fine e.:
     1 gajendraḥ;
     2 gajapuṅgavaḥ;
     3 kareṇuvaryaḥ. The roaring of an e.: bṛṃhitam. Its trunk:
     1 karaḥ;
     2 śuṇḍaḥ;
     3 hastaḥ (rare). Its frontal globes: kumbhau (m. dual). Its temple:
     1 gaṇḍaḥ;
     2 kaṭaḥ.

ELEPHANT-APPLE:
     1 kapitthaḥ;
     2 dadhitthaḥ.

ELEPHANT-DRIVER:
     1 ādhoraṇaḥ;
     2 hastipakaḥ;
     3 mahāmātraḥ, Mr.;
     4 gajasya yantā or niyantā, Ki.

ELEPHANTIASIS: a disease of the leg: ślīpadam or śilīpadam, one effected with e. ślīpadin (f. ), M. iii. 165.

ELEPHANTINE: expr. by comp., e. epoch: *hastiyugam.

ELEVATE:
     I To raise: q. v.: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     II To exalt: q. v.: unnamayati. E. d.: i. e. lofty: q. v.: unnataḥ (tā taṃ).

ELEVATION:
     I Rising:
     1 unnamanam;
     2 uttolanam.
     II Loftiness: q. v.: unnatatvam, K.
     III Of ground: unnatabhūmiḥ: v. Height.

ELEVEN: ekādaśan (mfn.). E. times: ekādaśavārān.

ELEVENTH:
     I Adj.; ekādaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).
     II Subs.: ekādaśabhāgaḥ.

ELF: ḍākinī (?).

ELFIN, ELFISH:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II Fig.: v. Mischievous.

ELF-LOCK: jaṭā, e.s: jaṭājūṭaḥ (?).

ELICIT:
     1 nirharati, (hṛ, c. 1.) (= bring out);
     2 niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (= draw out).

ELIDE: lumpati (lup, c. 6.).

ELIGIBILITY:
     I Lit.: *nirvācyādhikāraḥ.
     II Worthiness: q. v.: yogyatā.

ELIGIBLE:
     I Lit.: nirvācyādhikārin (f. ṇī).
     II Worthy: q. v.: yogya (f. gyā).

ELIMINATE: niṣkāsayati (c. of kas).

ELIMINATION: niṣkāsanam.

ELISION: lopaḥ.

ELITE: mukhyāḥ (m. pl.); ratnāni (n. pl.) (= gems.).

ELIXIR:
     I Lit.: rasāyanam.
     II Fig.: sāraḥ, the e. of wives: dārasāraḥ, N.

ELK: ṛṣyaḥ (?); hariṇaviśeṣaḥ.

ELL: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

ELLIPSE: *aṇḍavṛttam or upavṛttam or upamaṇḍalam.

ELLIPSIS: nyūnapadam, Kav.

ELLIPSOID: *aṇḍavṛttasthūlam.

ELLIPTIC, -AL:
     I Rhet: nyūnapadaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Geo.: expr. by comp., e. motion: *upavṛttagatiḥ.

ELLIPTICALLY: expr. by circumlo: v. Wanting.

ELM: vanyapādapaviśeṣaḥ.

ELOCUTION:
     I The power of speech: vākśaktiḥ.
     II Delivery: vyāhāraḥ.
     III Eloquence: vāgmitā.

ELONGATE: dīrghīkaroti: v. To lengthen.

ELONGATION:
     I Extension: vitatiḥ.
     II Distance: q. v.: viprakarṣaḥ.

ELOPE: palāyate (palāy, c. 1.): v. To run away. Ph.: she e. d with him: tena saha deśāntaraṃ jagāma (after D.).

ELOPEMENT: palāyanam: v. Flight.

ELOQUENCE:
     I Of men:
     1 vāgmitā;
     2 vākpāṭavam.
     II Of address, etc.: perh. prauḍhatvama, Ma.

ELOQUENT:
     I Of men:
     1 vāgmin (f. ), at the head of the e.: vāgmināṃ dhuri, Ki.;
     2 vākyakovidaḥ (dā daṃ), M. n.; and sim. comp. s.
     II Of speeches, etc.: perh. prauḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ).

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ELOQUENTLY:
     1 prauḍham (?);
     2 sapāṭavam (= skilfully);
     3 vāgvilāsena (?).

ELSE (conj.):
     1 anyathā;
     2 itarathā: v. Otherwise.

ELSE (adj.): Ph.: who e.: ko'nyaḥ or ko'paraḥ, K.; what e.: kimanyat or kimaparam, Ma. or kimitaḥ param, Ra.; something e.: anyat kiñcit, Ana; somewhere e.: anyatra kutrāpi, N.

ELSEWHERE:
     1 anyatra;
     2 anyataḥ, R. v. 17.

ELUCIDATE:
     1 udbhāsayati (c. of mās);
     2 viśadīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To explain.

ELUCIDATION:
     1 udbhāsanam;
     2 viśadīkaraṇam: v. Explanation.

ELUCIDATOR: udbhāsakaḥ: v. Interpreter.

ELUDE:
     1 kauśalena pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.);
     2 moghīkaroti (= to frustrate: q. v.).

ELYSIAN: svargīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= heavenly: q. v.).

ELYSIUM: svargaḥ (= heaven); vaikuṇṭham (of Vishnu).

EMACIATE:
     I To make lean:
     1 karśayati pari-, (c. of kṛś) or kṛśīkaroti, e. d. by disfigurement: vairūpyakarśitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ram.;
     2 kṣiṇoti pari-, (kṣi, c. 5.), the disease e.d him: āmayastamakṣiṇot, R.
     II To become lean:
     1 kṛśīmavati or kṛśyati pari-, (kṛś, c. 4.);
     2 kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi).

EMACIATE (adj.): parikṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Lean, thin.

EMACIATION:
     1 kṛśatā;
     2 kārśyam;
     3 kṣāmatā.

EMANATE:
     I To flow from: q. v.: udgacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     II To arise, originate: q. v.: udgacchati.

EMANATION:
     I The act: udgamaḥ; nirgamaḥ.
     II That which comes out: expr. by verb.

EMANCIPATE: mocayati or mokṣayati vi-, (muc or mokṣ c. 10.), you will be e. d from the bond of the world: bhavabanghādvimokṣyase, V. c.; they should be e. d by the king: rājñā mocayitavyāste, M. p.: v. To liberate, free.

EMANCIPATION: mokṣaḥ; e. of slaves: dāsasya mokṣaḥ, Viv.: v. Liberation, release.

EMANCIPATOR: mocayitṛ (f. trī): v. Liberator.

EMASCULATE:
     I Lit., to castrate: puṃstvaṃ hanti upa- prati-, (han, c. 2.), V. s.
     II Fig.: v. To Weaken, Enervate.

EMASCULATE-D (adj.):
     I Lit.: hatapuṃstvaḥ.
     II Fig.: hatavīrya (f. ryā).

EMASCULATOR:
     1 puṃstvasya pratighātakṛt, Y., and sim. comp.s.

EMBALM:
     1 rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.), therefore (they) e. the king: tato rakṣanti bhūmipam, Ram.;
     2 taile nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (to e. in oil), B.

EMBALMER: expr. by verb: v. Above.

EMBANK: vapreṇa badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

EMBANKMENT: vaprabandhaḥ (?): v. Mound, bank.

EMBARGO: niṣedhaḥ or prasthānaniṣedhaḥ (?).

EMBARK (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 naukāyām āropayati (c. of ruh) or nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (= put on board), e. ing them all: asyāṃ nidhāya sarvāstān, Mat.;
     2 naukayā prasthāpayati (c. of sthā) (= to send by boat).
     II To engage: vyāpārayati (c. of pṛ).

EMBARK (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 nāvaṃ or potam ārohati adhi-, (ruh, c. 1.) etc., without e. ing on a vessel: potādhiroheṇa vinaiva, Tar.;
     2 naukayā pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.) (= to depart).
     II To engage: vyāpriyate (pṛ, c. 4.).

EMBARKATION: naukārohaṇam (going) or nokāropaṇam (putting on board); prasthānam (= departure).

EMBARRASS:
     1 ākulayati (= to perplex), affection e. es Śatānanda: snehaḥ śatānandamākulayati, An.;
     2 mohayati vi- pra- vyā-, (c. of muh) (= to confound), I. am e. ed seeing (this) evil: anarthamutprekṣya pramugdho'smi, An.
     3 bādhate (= to hinder, annoy), Vi.

EMBARRASSMENT:
     1 vyākulatā;
     2 pramohaḥ;
     3 bādhā;
     4 viṣamam (= difficulty: q. v.).

EMBASSADOR: v. Ambassador.

EMBASSY:
     I Lit.: dautyam or dūtyam.
     II The dwelling of an ambassador: dūtāvāsaḥ.

EMBATTLED:
     1 vinyastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 viracitaḥ (tā taṃ). Ph.: e. field: yuddhakṣetram.

EMBEDDED:
     1 nihitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 nyasta (f. stā);
     3 niviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

EMBELLISH: vibhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.): v. To adorn.

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EMBELLISHMENT: vibhūṣaṇam: v. Adornment, ornament.

EMBERS: masman (n.): v. Ashes.

EMBER-DAY; upavāsadivasaḥ (?).

EMBEZZLE: channam ātmasātkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

EMBEZZLEMENT: channamātmasātkaraṇam; steyam (= theft).

EMBEZZLER: channamātmasātkartṛ (f. rtrī): v. Also thief.

EMBITTER:
     I Lit.: tiktāyate (nomi.).
     II To distress: kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9.).
     III To exasperate: utkopayati (c. of kup).

EMBLAZON:
     1 maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10.);
     2 vibhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.).

EMBLAZONRY: patākādibhiḥ maṇḍanam (?).

EMBLEM:
     1 lakṣaṇam;
     2 lāñchanam;
     3 liṅgam.

EMBLEMATIC.-AL: expr. by emblem: v. Symbolic.

EMBLEMATICALLY: lakṣaṇena (?): v. Also figuratively.

EMBODIMENT:
     I Lit.: expr. by verb.
     II Representation: Ph.: e. of virtue: saśarīro dharmaḥ.

EMBODY: Lit.: dehena or śarīreṇa yunakti (yuj, c. 7.).
     II To collect: q. v.: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.).

EMBOLDEN: sāhasaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.): v. To encourage.

EMBOSS: uccarekhādinā takṣati. (takṣ, c. 1.) (?).

EMBOWEL:
     I To eviscerate: antrāṇi apanayati (, c. 1.): v. To remove.
     II To embalm: q. v.
     III To busy: q. v.

EMBOWERED: kuñjitaḥ (tā taṃ), ni-.

EMBRACE (v.):
     I To clasp:
     1 ā-liṅgati samā-, (liṅg, c. 1.), the father e. d him with open arms: prasāritabhujayugalastaṃ pitāliliṅga, K.
     2 āśliṣyati samā- saṃ- upa-, (śliṣ, c. 4.), e. d the pillar for a moment: kṣaṇaṃ stambhamāśliṣat, Si.;
     3 svajate pari-, (svañj, c. 1.), e. ing her firmly: tāṃ dṛḍhaṃ pariṣvajya, D.;
     4 upagūhati (guh, c. 1.), as if e. ing me with cool breezes: śiśirānilairmāmupagūhatīva, R.;
     5 parirabhate (rabha, c. 1.), was (it) e. d with the eyes: parirebhe nu vilocanābhyām, Ki.
     II To comprise: q. v.: kroḍīkaroti, from (its) e. ing also another sense: arthāntarasyāpi kroḍīkaraṇāt, Kuv.
     III To accept: q. v.: parigṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.).

EMBRACE (subs.):
     1 āliṅganam;
     2 āśleṣaḥ;
     3 parirambhaḥ;
     4 pariṣvaṅgaḥ;
     5 upagūhanam;
     6 āliṅgitam.

EMBRASURE: chidram (= any aperture).

EMBROCATE:
     1 mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.);
     2 saṃvāhayati (c. of vah).

EMBROCATION:
     I The act:
     1 mardanam saṃ-;
     2 saṃvāhanam.
     II A lotion for e.: expr. by comp.

EMBROIDER: Ph.: e. ed cloth: kārmikavastram; he knows how to e. cloth: vastropari karma kartuṃ jānāti.

EMBROIDERER: kārmikavastrakāraḥ, and sim. comp.s.

EMBROIDERY:
     I Variegated needle-work: Ph.: this is gold e.: *svarṇakarmaitat: v. To embroider.
     II Fig., decoration: alaṅkāraḥ.

EMBROIL: ākulīkaroti: v. To confound, perplex.

EMBROILMENT: saṃkṣobhaḥ: v. Confusion, perplexity.

EMBRYO:
     I Lit.: garbhaḥ or apariṇatagarbhaḥ.
     II Fig.: this work is in e.: apariṇateyaṃ kṛtiḥ.

EMBRYONIC, EMBRYOTIC: apariṇataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

EMEND: śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To correct.

EMENDATION: śuddhiḥ: v. Correction.

EMENDATOR: śodhakaḥ saṃ- vi- pari-.

EMERALD (subs.):
     1 marakataḥ;
     2 hariṇmaṇiḥ;
     3 gārutmatam (m.).

EMERALD (adj.):
     1 expr. by tat.;
     2 bhārakataḥ (tī taṃ).

EMERGE: unmajjati (masj, c. 6.), e. ing from the river of arrows: bāṇanadyā unmajjan, Ki.; slowly e. d from the eastern ocean: pūrvapayodheḥ śanakairunmamajja, Ki.: v. To rise.

EMERGENCE: unmajjanam: v. Rise.

EMERGENCY:
     I Crisis, occasion: q. v.: saṅkaṭam.
     II Exigency: q. v.: prayojanam.

EMERGENT:
     I Lit.: unmajjat (f. ).
     II Critical: Ph.: e. business: ātyayikaṃ kāryam, H.

EMERSION:
     I Lit.: unmajjanam.
     II Astro.: mokṣaḥ, Su.

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EMERY: aśmasāraḥ (?).

EMETIC: vāntikaraḥ (rī raṃ), and sim. comp.s.

EMIGRANT: *nirvāsin (f. ); svadeśatyāgin (f. ).

EMIGRATE: *nirvasati (vas, c. 1.), e. d to America: āmerikāṃ nirūṣuḥ; vāsarthaṃ deśāntaraṃ gacchati vrajati, etc.

EMIGRATION: *nirvāsaḥ.

EMINENCE:
     I A height: q. v.: unnatabhūmiḥ.
     II Exaltation: q. v.:
     1 utkarṣaḥ or prakarṣaḥ;
     2 unnatiḥ sam-.
     III As a title: bhagavat (f. ).

EMINENT:
     1 utkṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Excellent;
     2 viśrutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Celebrated;
     3 asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī): v. Uncommon.

EMINENTLY:
     1 ati- in comp.: v. Exceedingly;
     2 viśiṣṭam: v. Especially;
     3 śobhanam: v. Well.

EMISSARY:
     1 caraḥ;
     2 cāraḥ;
     3 praṇidhiḥ.

EMISSION:
     I Lit.:
     1 mokṣaḥ;
     2 visarjanam;
     3 nirgamḥ or niṣkramaḥ (= coming out);
     4 udgāraḥ (= throwing up);
     5 srāvaḥ (=flow).
     II Animal: retaskhalanam retaḥsrutiḥ; retaḥkṣaraṇam; vīryaniṣekaḥ; etc. Ph.: he had e.: asya retaḥ caskanda or susrāva, Mah.

EMIT (v.):
     1 muñcati nir- vi- pra-, (muc, c. 6.), e. ted steam: uṣmāṇamamuñcat, Ku.; to e. water: apo muñcati, Ki.;
     2 visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.), to e. fire: agniṃ visṛjati, Sa.: v. To send forth, throw out, vomit. To be e. ted.: i. e. to come out: q. v.: niḥ- sarati pra-, (sṛ, c. 1.), from the bow arrows were e. ted: dhanuṣaḥ śarāḥ prasasruḥ, Si.

EMMET: pipīlikā: v. Ant.

EMOLLIENT:
     I Adj.: snehanaḥ (nī naṃ).
     II Subs.: snehanam.

EMOLUMENT: lābhaḥ: v. Gain, salary.

EMOTION:
     I Feeling: q. v.: rasaḥ, the tender e.: karuṇarasaḥ, U.
     II Excitement: q. v.:
     1 vikāraḥ vikṛtiḥ, or vikriyā, seeing the e. s (of Nala) of holy fame: puṇyaślokasya vikāraṃ dṛṣṭvā, Mah.;
     2 apakṛtiḥ (rare), unable to control her e. s: apakṛtīrviniyantumakṣamā, Ki. i. 27.

EMPALE:
     I To enclose: q. v.
     II To put to death: śūlaṃ or śūle or śūlāyām āropayati (c. of ruh), P.; śūle niveśayati (c. of viś), Viv.

EMPEROR:
     1 samrāj (m.);
     2 mahārājaḥ;
     3 adhirājaḥ;
     4 rājarājaḥ;
     5 rājādhirājaḥ;
     6 rājendraḥ;
     7 adhīśvaraḥ;
     8 sārvabhaumaḥ (rare), e. of the gods: devatāsārvabhaumaḥ, Kuv.

EMPHASIS: śaktyutkarṣadyotakoktiḥ, (after Tārānāth).

EMPHASISE: śaktyutkarṣadyotanāya draḍhayati (nomi.) (?).

EMPHATIC:
     1 dṛḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (= firm);
     2 niścitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= certain);
     3 sabalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= forcible).

EMPHATICALLY:
     1 dṛḍham (= firmly);
     2 niścitam (= certainly):
     3 balāt (=forcibly);
     4 sagauravam (= gravely).

EMPIRE:
     1 sāmrājyam;
     2 adhirājyam (rare): v. Kingdom.

EMPIRIC (subs.):
     I A quack: kuvaidyaḥ.
     II An examiner: q. v.

EMPIRICAL:
     I In good sense: darśanasiddha (f. ddhā).
     II In bad s.: asiddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

EMPIRICALLY:
     I In good sense: bahudarśanena.
     II In bad s.: avidyayā.

EMPIRICISM: i. e. quackery: aśāstracikitsā (?).

EMPLOY (subs.): v. Employment.

EMPLOY (v. t.):
     I To use: q. v.: prayuṃkte.
     II To commission:
     1 niyuṃkte or yojayati (yuj, c. 7. and 10.), e. (me) without any hesitation in what are to be done: kartavyeṣvaviśaṅkitayā niyujyatām, K.;
     2 vyāpārayati (c. of pṛ), e. ed to break their confederacy: tatsaṃhatibhedāya vyāpāritāḥ, Mu.

EMPLOYEE:
     1 adhikṛtaḥ;
     2 niyojyaḥ, Sa.: v. Officer.

EMPLOYER:
     1 niyojakaḥ;
     2 prayojakaḥ.

EMPLOYMENT:
     I Lit.:
     1 prayogaḥ;
     2 niyogaḥ.
     II Occupation: karman (n.), to dismiss from an e.: karmaṇo'pakarṣati, Mah.: v. Service, livelihood, office.

EMPORIUM: vāṇijyasthānam.

EMPOWER: kṣamatāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To authorize.

EMPRESS:
     1 adhirājñī;
     2 mahārājñī;
     3 rājarājeśvarī;
     4 rājādhirājñī.

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EMPTINESS:
     I Lit.: śūnyatā;
     2 riktatā.
     II Fig.: asāratā.

EMPTY (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), pari-, the street is e.: śūnyo rājamārgaḥ, Mr. i.; today my bed is e.: pariśūnyaṃ śayanīyamadya me, R.;
     2 riktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (rare), in the e. mouth of the quiver: rikte niṣaṅgavaktre, Ki.
     II Fig.: asāraḥ (rā raṃ), in this e. world: asāre saṃsāre, Va.: v. Vain.

EMPTY (v. t.):
     1 śūnyīkaroti;
     2 riktīkaroti, e. ing tanks: riktīkurvan sarāṃsi, K.
     3 riṇakti (ric, c. 7.) (rare), B.

EMPTY (v. i.): śūnyībhavati, D. Ph.: the rivers quickly e. themselves in the ocean: prayānti nadyastvaritaṃ payonidhim, Ri.

EMPTY-HANDED:
     1 śūnyahastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 riktahastaḥ (stā staṃ), etc.

EMPTY-HEADED: śūnyamastiṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ), and sim. comp. s.

EMPYREAL: tejomayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

EMPYREAN: vaikuṇṭham (?); tejolokaḥ (?).

EMULATE: spardhate (spardh, c. 1.), the accused Rākshasa is e. ing me: mayā saha spardhate rākṣasahatakaḥ, Mu.

EMULATION: spardhā, as if in e. of the waters of the celestial rivers: divyasaridambupaddhatispardhayeva, Si.: v. Also rivalry, contest.

EMULATIVE, EMULATORY: v. Emulous.

EMULATOR: spardhin (f. ), prati-: v. Rival.

EMULOUS: spardhin (f. ), E. of: spardhayā: v. Emulation. To be e. of: v. To emulate.

EMULOUSLY: spardhayā spardhāpūrvakam.

ENABLE: śaktiṃ sāmarthyaṃ or kṣamatāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), better by circumlo.; it will e. you to decamp: anena tavāpasarpaṇaṃ śakyam.

ENACT:
     I To decree: karoti, to e. laws: *vidhīn karoti.
     II To do, perform: q. v.: karoti.

ENACTMENT:
     I The act: karaṇam; niṣpādanam.
     II A law: kṛtiḥ (?); vidhiḥ.

ENACTOR: kartṛ (f. trī): v. Doer.

ENAMEL (subs.): *anāmilam.

ENAMEL (v.): *anāmilayati (nomi.); anāmilena rañjayati (rañj, c. 10.). E. 'd.: *anāmilitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ENAMOUR: Ph.: he is e. ed of her: ayamasyāmāsaktabhāvaḥ, D.; I am e. ed of these books: *eteṣu pustakeṣu baddhabhāvo'smi.

ENCAGE: pañjare ruṇaddhi ni- ava- saṃ-, (rudh, c. 7.).

ENCAMP (v. i.): niviśate (viś, c. 1.), preparing to e.: niveṣṭumudyacchamānā, M. n.

ENCAMP (v. t.): niveśayati (c. of viś), e. ed the forces: balāni niveśayāmāsa, R.

ENCAMPMENT: niveśaḥ, R. v. 49.: v. Camp.

ENCEINTE: garbhavatī: v. Pregnant.

ENCHAIN (v.): nigaḍairbadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or saṃyacchati (yam, c. 1.) (lit.), K.;
     2 nigaḍayati (nomi.), D.

ENCHANT:
     I Lit.:
     1 vaśīkaroti, Kuv.;
     2 sādhayati (c. of sidh), D.
     II Fig.: to e. the hearers: śṛṇvatāṃ mano hartum, R. xv. 64.: v. To charm, delight. E. ing: v. Charming.

ENCHANTER:
     I A magician:
     1 māyāvin (m.);
     2 māyākāraḥ.
     II A charmer: mohanaḥ or -kaḥ vi-.

ENCHANTMENT:
     I The act: vaśīkaraṇam, K.
     II The practice: vaśyakarman (n.), D. s.
     III Any thing enchanting: v. Charming.

ENCHANTRESS:
     1 mohinī;
     2 māyāvinī (in bad sense).

ENCIRCLE:
     1 pari-veṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.), e. whatever be on the side: yatpārśvato bhavati tatpariveṣṭayanti, P.; to e. in the arms: bhujābhyāṃ pariveṣṭayanti, D.;
     2 parigacchati (gam, c. 2.) (= to go round), e. d by the Vetravatī: vetravatyā parigatā, K.

ENCLOSE (v.):
     I To surround: q. v.: parivṛṇoti or vārayati (vṛ, c. 5. or 10.). e. d. me with showers of arrows: śaravarṣairmāṃ paryavārayan, Mah.
     II To fence: q. v.: parivṛṇoti.
     III To shut up, confine: q. v.
     IV To put in a case: saha prerayati (īr, c. 10.) (= to send with).

ENCLOSURE:
     I Fence: vṛtiḥ pari-, e. s of parks: upavanavṛtayaḥ, Me.; over the e. s: vṛtīnāmupari, Si.
     II That which is enclosed: there was no e. s with letter: *patreṇa sahitaṃ na kiñcit preritam.

ENCOMIAST: v. Eulogist.

ENCOMIASTIC, -AL: v. Eulogistic.

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ENCOMIUM: stavaḥ: v. Eulogy, praise.

ENCOMPASS: pariveṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.): v. To encircle.

ENCORE:
     I Adv.: punarabhinīyatām (?).
     II Verb.: punarabhinīyatāmiti vadati (vad, c. 1.) (?).

ENCOUNTER (v. i.): saṃgacchate (gam, c. 1.), the two seas of armies e. ed: senāmbhoghī sañjagmāte, Si.: v. To meet.

ENCOUNTER (v. t.):
     I To meet in opposition:
     1 abhi- eti ā-, (i, c. 2.), footmen e. ed footmen: pattiḥ pattimabhīyāya raṇāya, Ku.; horse e. ed horse: vāhameyāya vājī, Si.;
     2 abhyā-patati (pat, c. 1.), R.; of the two armies coming up to e. each other: saṃgrāmāya sannipatataḥ sainyayugasya, Ku.;
     3 vi-gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.) (= to fight), for whom we have e. ed enemies: yatkṛte'rīn vyagṛhvīma, B.
     II To struggle with: q. v.

ENCOUNTER (subs.):
     I A meeting: abhyāgamaḥ.
     II Conflict, battle: saṃyugaḥ. "for fierce e. s fit": sāṃyugīnaḥ (nā naṃ), V.

ENCOURAGE:
     1 sāhasaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.) (with gen.) (= to embolden);
     2 āśvāsayati (c. of śvas) (= to cheer);
     3 protsāhayati (c. of sah) (= to incite).

ENCOURAGEMENT:
     1 āśvāsaḥ -nam, it found no e. from the public: *sādhāraṇyādāśvāsaṃ na lebhe;
     2 protsāhaḥ -nam: "with good e." suprotsāhanena.

ENCOURAGER:
     1 āśvāsakaḥ;
     2 protsāhakaḥ.

ENCOURAGING:
     1 āśvāsanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 protsāhanaḥ (nī naṃ).

ENCROACH:
     1 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (= to seize), your house has been e. ed upon by another crocodile: tvadīyaṃ gṛhamapareṇa makareṇa gṛhītam, D.;
     2 harati (hṛ, c. 1.) (= to take);
     3 anyāyena praviśati (viś, c. 6.) (= to enter unlawfully);
     4 nyūnīkaroti (= to lessen).

ENCROACHMENT:
     1 grahaṇam (= seizing);
     2 anyāyapraveśaḥ (= unlawful entry). Ph.: e. of a river: nadīsañcāraḥ, Viv.

ENCRUST: v. To lncrust.

ENCUMBER: thus e. ed by you on all sides: āryeṇaivaṃ sarvato niruddhaceṣṭāprasarasya, Mu.; e. ed estate: ṛṇagrastā sampattiḥ: v. To burden.

ENCUMBRANCE: pratibandhaḥ: v. Impediment, burden.

ENCYCLICAL: v. Circular, e. letter: *cakram.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA: vidyākoṣaḥ.

ENCYCLOPAEDIC, -AL: Ph.: of learning: vidyāsāgaraḥ.

END (subs.):
     I Extreme point: antaḥ, (rarely paryantaḥ prāntaḥ upāntaḥ) at the e. of the journey: adhvano'nte, R. xvi. 35.; e. of a martle: aṃśukāntaḥ, J.
     II Termination:
     1 antaḥ or paryantaḥ, at the e. of the year: saṃvatsarānte, Mat.; distressing in the e.: paryantaparitāpin (f. ), Ki.;
     2 avasānam, at the e. of the day: dināvasāne, Sa.;
     3 pariṇāmaḥ or pariṇatiḥ, pleasing in the e.: pariṇāmasukhaḥ (khā khaṃ), Ki.
     III Conclusion:
     1 antaḥ, at the e. of the sacrifice: satrānte, R.;
     2 avasānam, at the beginning, middle or e.: ādau madhye'vasāne vā, N.s. Ph.: put an e. to: samāpayati (c. of āp), Vi.
     IV Death, destruction: q. v.:
     1 antaḥ, will surely meet his e.: antamavāpsyati dhruvam, Ku. xv. 42.;
     2 avasānam, at the e. of the head-man: mūlapuruṣāvasāne, Sa.
     V Aim, object: q. v.: āśayaḥ. Ph.: to no e.: nirarthakam; to the e. that ........etadabhiprāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     VI Remnant: antaḥ, in the morning, giving its e. s to the servants: pratyūṣe tadantaṃ karmakarān dattvā, P.

END (v. t.):
     1 antaṃ karoti (rare), the e. er of Kshatriyas: kṣatriyāntakaraḥ, Vi.
     2 samāpayati (c. of āp): v. To finish, complete. Ph.: e. er of the e. er (= death): antakasyāntakaḥ, Vi.

END (v. i.):
     1 expr. by subs., this dynasty will e. in Sumitra: ayaṃ vaṃśaḥ sumitrānto bhaviṣyati, V. p.; (words) e. ing in the affix ī are feminine: īpratyayāntaḥ strī syāt, S. k.; whether it will e. auspiciously or otherwise: kalyāṇī pariṇatirastu vānyathā vā, Vi.;
     2 avasīyate (pass. of so) (rare), it will e. so: evaṃ kilāvasīyate, Vi.

ENDANGER: i. e. to bring into danger: expr. by subs, it e. s my life: mama jīvitamanena saṃśayamāropitam: v. Danger.

ENDEAR: i. e. to make dear: v. Dear and make. E. ing: prītikaraḥ (rī raṃ); madhuraḥ (rā raṃ) (= sweet).

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ENDEARMENT: i. e. blandishment:
     1 hāvaḥ;
     2 vilāsaḥ.

ENDEAVOUR (v.):
     1 yatate (yat, c. 1.): v. To attempt;
     2 udyacchati -te (yam, c. 1.), e. ing to go: udyacchamānā gamanāya, R.;
     3 vyavasyati (so, c. 4.), who would e. to separate her: kastāṃ pṛthakkartuṃ vyavasyet, Mu.

ENDEAVOUR (subs.):
     1 udyamaḥ;
     2 vyavasāyaḥ: v. Attempt.

ENDING (subs.): antaḥ: v. End; to end.

ENDIVE: śākaprabhedaḥ.

ENDLESS:
     I Without end: anantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), of e. prowess: anantavīryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ), Ku.
     II Without an object: nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

ENDLESSLY:
     1 anantam: v. Incessantly;
     2 nirarthakam: v. In vain.

ENDORSE:
     I In gen. sense: pṛṣṭhe likhati abhi-, (likh, c. 6.), a debtor should e. payments on the bond: lekhasya pṛṣṭhe'bhilikheddatvā dattvā dhanaṃ ṛṇī, Y.
     II Fig.: of opinion, etc.: kakṣīkaroti, D.s.

ENDORSEMENT: pṛṣṭhalikhitam, this is my e.: *mamaitat pṛṣṭhalikhitam or mayaitat pṛṣṭhe likhitam.

ENDOW:
     I Lit.: vṛttiṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To furnish with: yojayati (yuj, c. 10.). E. ed with:
     1 anvitaḥ (tā taṃ), sam-, e. with reason: vivekasamanvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 upetaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. To possess.

ENDOWMENT:
     I The act: vṛttidānam.
     II A settlement: vṛttiḥ.
     III Talent, gift: śaktiḥ.

ENDUE: v. Endow.

ENDURABLE: sahyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ): v. Tolerable.

ENDURANCE:
     I The habit of enduring: sahiṣṇutā pra-, e. of troubles: kleśasahiṣṇutā, Ka.
     II The act of e.:
     1 sahanam;
     2 marṣaḥ ṇam-.
     III Lastingness: sthāyitvam.

ENDURE (v. t.):
     1 sahate vi- pra-, all-e. ing: sarvaṃsahaḥ (hā haṃ), I cannot e. the slur: ahamavarṇaṃ soḍhunneśe, R.; e. s to live: jīvituṃ viṣahate, Ve.;
     2 marṣayati or marṣati -te (mṛṣ, c. 10. 4. and 1.), did not e. the horns: śṛṅgaṃ na mamṛṣe, R.

ENDURE (v. i.): tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.): v. To last, remain.

ENDURING: i. e. lasting: sthāyin (f. ), cira-.

ENEMY:
     1 śatruḥ, who never made an e.: ajātaśatruḥ, Ve.; a prostrate e.: caraṇanipatitaḥ śatraḥ, Mr.;
     2 ripuḥ, attack on the e. s' side: ripupakṣābhiyogaḥ, Vi.;
     3 vairin (m.), great e.: vairivaraḥ, Ku.;
     4 ariḥ, to the e. of Namuchi (i.e. Indra): namuceraraye, R.;
     5 arātiḥ, victory over the e. s: arātiṣu jayaḥ, Ki.;
     6 dviṣ vidviṣ, or dviṣat (n.), e. s of gods: devadviṣaḥ, Ku.;
     7 paraḥ (an ambiguous term), by stronger e. s: balavattaraiḥ paraiḥ, Ku.;
     8 paripanthin (m.) (rare);
     9 śātravaḥ (rare): v. Opponent.

ENERGETIC:
     1 vīryavat (f. ) (= strong, powerful);
     2 tejasvin (f. ) (= spirited): v. Active.

ENERGETICALLY: sotsāham (= eagerly);
     2 sahatejasā (= spiritedly);
     3 vīryaṃ samāśritya (= vigorously);
     4 atandritam (= actively).

ENERGY:
     1 tejaḥ: v. Spirit;
     2 vīryam: v. Vigour, strength;
     3 udyogaḥ: v. Activity.

ENERVATE (v.):
     1 durbalīkaroti;
     2 vīryaṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To weaken.

ENERVATE, -D (adj.): hatavīrya (f. ryā): v. Weak.

ENERVATION:
     I The act:
     1 durbalīkaraṇam;
     2 vīryakṣayaḥ.
     II The state:
     1 hatavīryatā;
     2 nirvīryatā;
     3 klaivyam.

ENFEEBLE: durbalīkaroti, e. (the ministers) one by one: ekaikaṃ durbalīkuru, Mah.: v. Feeble, to weaken, emaciate, break down. To become e. d: durbalībhavati.

ENFEEBLEMENT:
     I The act: durbalīkaraṇam.
     II Weakness: q. v.: durbalatā.

ENFEOFF: Ph.: e. ed this estate to me: *bhāṭakena bhūmimimāṃ māṃ sampūrṇamogāya dadau.

ENFEOFFMENT: expr. as above.

ENFORCE (v.):
     I To compel: q. v.
     II To force: q. v.
     III To give force to: prabalayati (nomi.); prabalaṃ (f. lāṃ) karoti.
     IV To carry out: anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     V To confirm, support: q. v.: draḍhayati, (nomi.).

ENFORCEMENT: expr. by verb.: q. v.

ENFRANCHISE (v.):
     I To release: q. v.: mokṣayati (mokṣa, c. 10.).
     II To naturalize:
     1 paurādhikāraṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (?);
     2 pauratvaṃ lammayati (c. of labh) (?). E. d: dattapaurādhikāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

ENFRANCHISEMENT:
     I Release: q. v.: mokṣaḥ.
     II Admission to the freedom of a corporation: paurādhikāradānam (?); pauratvapratipādanam (?).

ENGAGE (v. t.):
     I To bind, pledge: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 7.).
     II To enlist: perh. bhāṭayati (= to hire); utthāpayati (c. of sthā) (= raise).
     III To attract: q.v.: ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.).
     IV To occupy, employ: q. v.: vyāpārayati (c. of pṛ). To be e. d: vyāpriyate (pṛ, c. 6.). E. d: vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ); savyāpāraḥ (rā raṃ), in the daytime while e.: savyāpārāmahani, Me. V. To encounter: q. v.: abhyeti (i, c. 2.).

ENGAGE (v. i.):
     I To promise, undertake: q. v.: pratiśṛṇoti (śru, c. 8.). Ph.: she is e. d to me: mahyaṃ pratiśrutā sā.
     II To enter in: when the ascetic e. d in fighting: munau raṇamupeyuṣi, Ki.; e. d in meditation; dhyānaniviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ); while they were e. d in the controversy: pravṛtte ca tayorvāde.: v. To Begin, enter.

ENGAGEMENT:
     I A battle: q. v.: yuddham.
     II A promise to visit: Ph.: I have an e. today at his: *adya tadgṛhagamanaṃ mayā pratiśrutam; I could not keep my e.: *nāhaṃ pratiśrutaṃ rakṣitumaśaknom.
     III Betrothal: pratiśrutasambandhaḥ.
     IV Business: q. v.:
     1 vyāpāraḥ;
     2 kāryam;
     3 kṛtyam.
     V Pledge: q. v.
     VI An obligation: q. v.
     VII The act of engaging: v. To engage.

ENGAGING:
     1 hṛdayahārin (f. ṇī): v. Charming;
     2 ramyaḥ (myā myaṃ): v. Pleasant, delightful.

ENGAGINGLY: expr. by adj. or verb: v. To charm.

ENGENDER: janayati: v. To beget, produce.

ENGINE: yantram, military e.: yuddhayantram; e. -driver *yantravāhakaḥ.

ENGINEER: vāstuvidyāviśāradaḥ (?): v. E. ing.

ENGINEERING: vāstuvidyā (?): Civil e.: pathapraṇālyādinirmāṇavidyā (?). Military e.: vapraparikhādinirmāṇavidyā (?). Mechanical e.: yantravidyā (?).

ENGLISH: īlaṇḍīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); iṃrejaḥ (jā jaṃ), knows e.: *iṃrejīṃ jānāti.

ENGLISHMAN: *iṃlaṇḍadeśīyaḥ iṃrejaḥ.

ENGRAFT: v. To ingraft, graft.

ENGRAINED: v. Ingrained.

ENGRAVE:
     1 mudrayati (mudr, c. 10.), with my name e. d on it: mannāmākṣaramudritaḥ (tā taṃ), A. r.;
     2 utkirati (kṛ, c. 6.), with name e. d. on the bezel: maṇibandhanotkīrṇanāmagheyaḥ (yā yaṃ), Sa.

ENGRAVER: nāmādimudrākārin (f. ṇī) (?).

ENGRAVING:
     I The art: nāmādimudrākarman (n.) or -kalā (?).
     II A print: expr. by mudritaḥ (tā taṃ); utkīrṇa (f. rṇā).

ENGROSS:
     I To thicken: q. v.
     II To copy in a large fair hand: spaṣṭākṣaraiḥ likhati (likh, c. 6.) (?).
     III To absorb: q. v.: Ph.: it e. es my mind: atrāsaktaṃ me manaḥ.
     IV To buy up: parikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.).
     V To assume: q. v.

ENGROSSER:
     I A copyist: spaṣṭākṣaralekhakaḥ.
     II A fore-staller:
     1 parikrayin (f. ṇī) (?);
     2 pūrvakretṛ (f. trī) (?).

ENGULF:
     1 grasate (gras, c. 1.) (= to swallow);
     2 plāvayati (c. of plu) (= to drown).

ENHANCE: varddhayati (c. of vṛdh): v. To increase.

ENHANCEMENT: v. Increase.

ENHARMONIC: ekatānikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

ENIGMA: prahelikā: v. Riddle.

ENIGMATIC, -AL: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ): v. Obscure, ambiguous.

ENIGMATICALLY: vakram: v. Ambiguously.

ENJOIN:
     I To order: q. v.: śāsti (śās, c. 2.).
     II To prohibit or restrain: q. v.: niṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.).

ENJOY:
     I Lit.:
     1 bhunakti or bhuṃkte upa- pari- anu- adhi-, (bhuj, c. 7.), e. my milk: payo madīyamupabhuṃkṣva, R.; e. s the kingdom of heaven: bhunakti svārājyam, N;
     2 anubhavati (bhū, c. 1.) (prop. to feel), e. ing all pleasures: sarvasukhānyanubhavantaḥ, K.;
     3 nirviśati (viś, c. 6.), e. the beauties of youth: yauvanaśrīrnirviśyatām, R.
     II Carnally: bhunakti upa-, P.

ENJOYMENT: bhogaḥ upa- saṃ- pari-, the desire of e. is over: nivṛttā bhogecchā, J.; what an e. in those places: sa sambhogo yastādṛśeṣu pradeśeṣu, V.

ENKINDLE: saṃdhukṣayati (dhukṣ, c. 10.): v. Kindle.

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ENLARGE (v. t.):
     I In gen.:
     1 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh): v. To increase;
     2 vistārayati (c. of stṛ): v. To extend.
     II To release: q. v.: muñcati (muc, c. 6.).

ENLARGE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.), the fish e. d there: sa tatra vavṛdhe matsyaḥ, Mah.: v. To increase, extend.
     II To e. upon: prapañcayati (pañc, c. 10.), now we will e. on its different states: idānī tasyaivāvasthābhedaḥ prapañcayate, S.: v. To detail.

ENLARGEMENT
     I Extension, expansion: q. v.: vṛddhiḥ vi-, R.
     II Release: q. v.: mokṣaḥ.
     III Expatiation: vistāraḥ.

ENLIGHTEN:
     I To lighten: q. v.: dīpayati (c. of dīp).
     II To instruct: jñānaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (= to give knowledge);
     2 cakṣurunmīlayati (c. of mīl) (= to open the eyes);
     3 udbhāsayati (c. of bhās) (rare).

ENLIGHTENED: perh. udbhāsitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Educated.

ENLIGHTENMENT: perh. saṃvid, the Lord of e.: saṃvidāmīśaḥ, Ki.: v. Refinement, civilization.

ENLIST (v. t.):
     I To enroll: q. v.:
     1 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (= to take);
     2 utthāpayati (c. of sthā) (= to raise).
     II To gain over: perh. niveśayati (c. of viś) or grāhayati (c. of grah), I will e. them in the cause of trust: *tān satyārthe niveśayāmi or satyapathaṃ grāhayāmi.

ENLIST (v. i.):
     I To engage in: viśati pra-, (viś, c. 6.).
     II To enter heartily in a cause: niviśate abhi-, (viś, c. 6.).

ENLISTMENT:
     I The act: v. To enlist.
     II A writing: *praveśapatram.

ENLIVEN:
     1 uttejayati (c. of tij) (= to excite: q. v.);
     2 harṣayati (c. of hṛṣ) (= to gladden: q. v.).

ENLIVENING: harṣajananaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Joyful.

ENMITY:
     1 vairam, should not make e. with any one: na.....vairaṃ kurvīta kenacit, B. p.; e. towards Udāraka: udārake vairam, D. ii.;
     2 śatrutā;
     3 vidveṣaḥ;
     4 śātravam;
     5 dauhṛdyam (rare);
     6 virodhaḥ (= feud).

ENNOBLE:
     I To dignify:
     1 unnamayati (c. of nam);
     2 ut-karṣati pra-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.);
     3 utśrāyayati (c. of śri).
     II To raise to the nobility: *anurājaṃ or adhyāryaṃ karoti.

ENNUI: svedaḥ: v. Weariness.

ENORMITY:
     I Greatness: ghoratā.
     II An atrocious crime: q. v.: ghorapātakam.

ENORMOUS:
     I Inordinate: asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī).
     II Great:
     1 mahāpramāṇa or bṛhatpramāṇa or atipramāṇa (f. ṇā) (= of e. size);
     2 viśālaḥ (lā laṃ) (= large: q. v.)
     III Atrocious: q. v.

ENORMOUSLY: atyanta- in comp.: v. Exceedingly.

ENOUGH:
     1 alam; all this is not e. for one: sarvaṃ tannālamekasya, Mah.; e. of this story: alamanayā kathayā, K.;
     2 paryāptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ). I am e. for all the Rākshasas in battle: sarveṣāmeva paryāpto rākṣasānāmahaṃ yudhi, Ram.; and so much fuel is e. for cooking so much food: iyataścaudanasya pākāyaitāvadindhanaṃ paryāptam, D.;
     3 pracuraḥ (rā raṃ) (= abundant). Ph.: and I have not had e. of (lit. not satiated with) youth: na ca tṛpto'smi yauvane, Mat.; more than e. for hundred years' consumption: vrarṣaśatopabhoge'pyakṣayyam, D.

ENQUIRE:
     I To ask: q. v.: anuyuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.), e. d of him what was to be given and how much: kiṃ pradeyaṃ kiyadveti tamanvayuṃkta, R.
     II To seek to know: jijñāsate, we will now e. into the nature of spirit: prāṇaḥ kiṃsvarūpa itīdānīṃ jijñāsyate, S.
     III To examine, consider: q. v.: anusandadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), personally e. d into disputes: vivādān svayamanusandadhau, M. n.

ENQUIRY:
     I Asking: anuyogaḥ, whoever I may be (you) should make no e.: yāsmi sāsmyānuyogo me na kartavyaḥ, Mah.
     II Seeking to know: jijñāsā, e. after duties: dharmajijñāsā, M. d.; a subject of e.: jijñāsyam, S.
     III Examination, consideration: q. v.: anusandhānam.

ENRAGE:
     1 kopayati pra- saṃ-, (c. of kup), I will e. him: kopayāmyenam, B. r.
     2 krodhayati (c. of krudh);
     3 roṣayati (c. of ruṣ);
     4 kopaṃ janayati (c. of jan);
     5 krodhaṃ utpādayati (c. of pad), K.;
     6 saṃrambhaṃ nayati (, c. 1.), R.; etc.

ENRAGED:
     1 kruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ);
     2 kupitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 ruṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     4 saṃrabdha (f. bdhā);
     5 jātāmarṣaḥ (rṣā rṣaṃ);
     6 āgatamanyu (mfn.); etc. To be e.:
     1 kupyati (kup, c. 4.): v. Angry, to be-;
     2 krodham eti (i, c. 2.);
     3 manyuṃ prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), Vi.; etc.

ENRAPTURE, ENRAVISH: praharṣayati (c. of hṛṣ): v. To charm.

ENRAVISHINGLY: praharṣaṃ janayat (f. ntī).

ENRICH:
     I Lit.: dhaninaṃ (f. nīṃ) or dhanaśālinaṃ (f. nīṃ) karoti: v. Rich, to make.
     II To adorn: q. v.: maṇḍayati (c. of maṇḍ).
     III To fertilize: q. v.

ENRICHMENT: expr. by circumlo.: v. To enrich.

ENROLL (v.):
     I To enlist: *niveśapatrikāyāṃ nāma niveśayati (c. of viś).
     II To record: q. v.
     III To envelop: q. v.

ENROLLMENT:
     I The act: *nāmaniveśanam.
     II A register: *niveśapatrikā.

ENROOTED:
     1 baddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 rūḍhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

ENSAMPLE: nidarśanam: v. Example.

ENSANGUINED: rudhirasaṃliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ);
     2 śoṇitākta (f. ktā);
     3 asradigdha: (f. gdhā); etc.

ENSCONCE: līyate (, c. 4.): v. To hide.

ENSHRINE:
     I Lit.: v. Shrine; to enclose.
     II To cherish: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).

ENSIGN:
     I A banner: q. v.: patākā.
     II A. standard-bearer:
     1 patākin (m);
     2 vaijayantikaḥ.

ENSLAVE: dāsaukaroti, one who has e. d the whole of the three worlds: dāsaukṛtāśeṣajagattrayaḥ (yā yaṃ), Ku.; there is none whom the good qualities of Kādambarī do not e.: kādambaryā guṇā na kañcinna dāsīkurvanti, K. To become e. d: dāsībhavati.

ENSLAVEMENT:
     I The act: dāsīkaraṇam.
     II The state: dāsyam: v. Slavery.

ENSNARE: pāśena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or pāśe pātayati (c. of pat) (lit and fig.). To be e. d: pāśe patati (pat, c. 1.) (lit and fig.).

ENSUE: anuvartate: v. To follow. E. ing: v. Following.

ENSURE, ENSURER: v. Insure, insurer.

ENTABLATURE, ENTABLEMENT: *stambhaśiraḥśākhā.

ENTAIL (subs.):
     I An estate: *anucchedyasampattiḥ.
     II Its rule: *anucchedaniyamaḥ.

ENTAIL (v.):
     I Lit.: to settle unalienably: *anucchedaniyamena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II Fig.: to bring on: āvahati (vah, c. 1.).

ENTANGLE:
     I Lit.: ja(phka)ṭayati (c. of jaṭa) (used in Bengali). To be e. d: ja(phka)ṭayati (jaṭa or bhkaṭ, c. 1.). Ph.: e. d in the bracelets of creepers: vratativalayāsaṅgasañjātapāśḥ, Sa.
     II To embarrass, puzzle: q. v.

ENTANGLEMENT:
     I Lit.: v. To entangle.
     II Embarrassment: q.v.: pramugdhatā.

ENTER (v.):
     I In gen.: viśati pra-, (rarely ā- samā-,) (with acc.) or niviśate (with loc.) (rare) (viś, c. 6.), e. ed the house of Vasantasenā: vasantasenāgṛhaṃ praviṣṭaḥ, Mr. ii.; if a Śuka thorn e. s the foot: niviśate yadi śukaśikhā pade, N. iv. II.; e. d the hearts of the ascetics: tapobhṛtāṃ hṛdayāni samāviveśa, Ki.; you e. (on your story): atrabhavān praviśatu, D. v.: v. To begin; you have e. ed into the sixth year (of your school life): praviṣṭo'si ṣaṣṭhaṃ varṣam, K. v. To attain; e. ed into reflection: cintāṃ viveśa, K.:; e. ed into combat: prāviśātāṃ raṇe, B. p. v. To engage in. Ph.: to e. into an alliance: sandhiṃ karoti, Ve.
     II To make an entry of: niveśayati saṃ-, (c. of viś), should e. (his) name with (his) own hand: nāma svahastena niveśayet, Y.;
     2 (= to write: q. v.).

ENTERPRISE (subs.):
     I A (bold) undertaking:
     1 udyamaḥ: v. Attempt.;
     2 avadānam (= achievement);
     3 sāhasam (often in bad sense).
     II Energy: q. v.: udyamaḥ a man of great e.: mahodyamaḥ puruṣaḥ.

ENTERPRISE (v.): ārabhate (rabh, c. 1.): v. To begin, undertake.

ENTERPRISING (adj.):
     1 udyogin (f. );
     2 adhyavasāyin (f. ): v. Active, bold.

ENTERTAIN (v.):
     I To maintain: q. v.
     II To receive guests: śuśrūṣate (desi. of śru);
     2 pūjayati (pūj, c. 10.) (= to honour: q. v.). Ph.: then we are ready to e. you: tataḥ sajjātitheyā vayam, Vi.
     II To amuse: q. v.: juṣate (juṣ, c. 6.), e. us: juṣasva naḥ, Vi.
     IV To accept: q. v.: parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     V To cherish: karoti, to c. a hope: āśāṃ karoti.

ENTERTAINER:
     I A host: q. v.: śuśrūṣākārin (f. ṇī).
     II An amuser: q. v.: vinodakaḥ.
     III A cherisher: expr. by circumlo.

ENTERTAINING (adj.):
     1 vinodin (f. ) (= amusing);
     2 hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= exciting laughter).

ENTERTAININGLY:
     1 vinodaṃ vidadhat (f. );
     2 hāsyaṃ janayat (f. ntī).

ENTERTAINMENT:
     I Hospitality: q. v.:
     1 śuśrūṣā;
     2 pūjā.
     II A feast utsavaḥ.
     III Amusement: q. v.: vinodaḥ.

ENTHRALL: dāsīkaroti: v. To enslave.

ENTHRONE:
     1 abhiṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.);
     2 siṃhāsane niveśayati (c. of viś) (only of kings): v. To place, throne.

ENTHRONEMENT:
     1 abhiṣekaḥ;
     2 siṃhāsananiveśanam (only of kings).

ENTHUSIASM:
     I Frenzy, fanaticism: dharmonmādaḥ (?).
     II Warmth, zeal: q. v.: atyutsāhaḥ.

ENTHUSIAST:
     I A fanatic: dharmonmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (?).
     II In gen. sense: perh. unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), e. s about war: yuddhonmattāḥ; atyutsāhavat (f. ): v. Zealous.

ENTHUSIASTIC, -AL:
     1 vyagraḥ (grā graṃ) (= eager, zealous);
     2 unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (= mad);
     3 pracaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā) (= impetuous). Ph.: e. devotion: niratiśayabhaktiḥ: v. Extreme.

ENTHUSIASTICALLY:
     1 niratiśayam (= extremely);
     2 sotsāham (= eagerly);
     3 sonmādam (= madly).

ENTHYMEME: upanayānnigamanam.

ENTICE (v.):
     1 harati (hṛ, c. 1.) (= to allure: q. v.), not e.d by other temptations: ahṛtasya vilobhanāntaraiḥ, R.;
     2 pra- lobhayati vi-, (c. of lubh) (= to tempt: q. v.), if any one e. s and defiles this girl: yadi kaścidenāṃ bālāṃ vilobhya nāśayiṣyati, D.

ENTICEMENT:
     I The act:
     1 haraṇam;
     2 pra-lobhanam vi-.
     II Alluring object: pra-lobhanam vi-.

ENTICER: pralobhakaḥ: v. Tempter.

ENTICING: v. Alluring; charming.

ENTICINGLY:
     1 pralobhya vi-;
     2 mano hṛtvā.

ENTIRE:
     I Complete, whole: q. v.:
     1 kṛtsna (f. tsnā);
     2 samagraḥ (grā graṃ);
     3 akhaṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ);
     4 avikalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     5 nikhilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     6 akhilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     7 samastaḥ (stā staṃ).
     II Not gelded: q. v.: prob. avikalaḥ (lā laṃ).

ENTIRELY:
     I Completely: q. v.:
     1 kārtsnyena;
     2 sākalyenaḥ;
     3 samagram;
     4 akhaṇḍam;
     5 sarvathā (= altogether);
     6 by adj.
     II Solely: comp. with eka, whose life depends e. on water: jalaikāyatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ). M. n.; of e. peaceful character: śamaikavṛtti (mfn.), Ki.

ENTIRENESS, ENTIRETY:
     1 kārtsnyam;
     2 sākalyam;
     3 samagratā;
     4 sampūrṇatā: v. Entire.

ENTITLE (v.):
     I To call, name:
     1 abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.);
     2 udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.)
     II To give a claim to: expr. by adhikāraḥ or arhati (arh, c. 1.) or -bhāj (mfn.) in comp., who are not e. d to share: vibhāgānadhikāriṇaḥ, Mit.; how is the youngest e. d to the kingdom in preference to the eldest: kathaṃ jyeṣṭhamatikramya kanīyān rājyamarhati, Mat.; in the absence of the former, the latter is e. d to property: pūrvasyābhāve dhanabhāguttaraḥ, Y.

ENTITY:
     1 sat, G.;
     2 bhāvaḥ, G.

ENTOMB: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (= to bury).

ENTOMBMENT: i. e. burial in a tomb: v. Burial, tomb.

ENTOMOLOGIST: *kīṭavijñānavid (mfn.), -viśāradaḥ (dā daṃ).

ENTOMOLOGY: *kīṭavijñānam; kīṭavidyā.

ENTOZOON (pl. -zoa): *antarjīvaḥ.

ENTRAIL:
     1 antram;
     2 purītat (n.) (rare).

ENTRANCE (subs.):
     I The act or right of entering: praveśaḥ -nam, for our e.: asmākaṃ praveśāya, V. p.; give me e.: dehi bhe praveśam, Mu.; e. -fee: *praveśanaśulkam.
     II A place for e.: praveśaḥ, at the e. of a certain town: kasyacinnagarasya praveśe, P. iv. 6.: v. Door, passage.

ENTRANCE (v.):
     I To put in a trance: mohaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.), utpādayati (c. of pad), etc. E. d: mohāviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), mohādhiṣṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To enrapture: praharṣayati (c. of hṛṣ).

ENTRAP:
     1 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (when the meaning is clear) by means of nets, hooks, and other devices for e. ping fish: jālavaḍiśaprabhṛtibhirmatsyabandhanopāyaiḥ, Sa v.;
     2 pāśe pātayati (c. of pat): v. To ensnare.

ENTREAT: upacchandayati (chand, c. 10.), R. v. 58: v. To beg, implore.

ENTREATY:
     1 abhyarthanā or prārthanā, by e. s, by advice: abhyarthanābhiścopadeśaiśca, K.
     2 yācñā: v. Request.

ENTREPOT: vāṇijyasthānam (?)

ENTRUST (v. t.): nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), should e. all work to him: tasmin sarvakāryāṇi nikṣipet, M. vii. 59; is the secret you were entrusted with kept: rakṣyate bhavatā rahasyanikṣepaḥ, V. ii.;
     2 nyasyati vi-, (as, c. 4.) or nyāsīkaroti (with sim. cons.), e. ing wife to sons: sutavinyastapatnīkaḥ, Y.;
     3 ni-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (with sim cons.), K. b.;
     4 niveśayati (c. of viś) (rare), all work was e. ed to you: tvayi niveśitasarvakāryaḥ, Mu. v.

ENTRY:
     I The act of entering: praveśaḥ -nam, on (your) e.: praveśe, R. vi. 24: getting an e. with diifficulty: kathamapi labdhapraveśaḥ, Va.
     II A passage for entering: praveśaḥ: v. Entrance (III), passage.
     III That which is entered: expr. by verb: this is an erroneous e.: *idambhramānniveśitam; to make an e. of: v. Enter (II).

ENTWINE (v.): pari-veṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.) (= to encircle, surround: q. v.).

ENUMERATE:
     I To count: saṃkhyāti (khyā, c. 2.).
     II To recount, mention: q. v. ākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), e. the kings of England: *iṃlaṇḍeśvarāṇāṃ nāmāni kathaya.

ENUMERATION: ākhyānam. v. Mention, recital.

ENUNCIATE:
     I To predicate: lakṣaṇaṃ or rūpaṃ kathayati (kath, c. 10.).
     II To pronounce: q. v.: uccārayati (c. of car).

ENUNCIATION:
     I Predication: lakṣaṇa- or rūpakathanam.
     II Mode of utterance: uccāraṇam.
     III A declaration: uktiḥ.

ENVELOP (v.):
     1 guṇṭhayati ava-, (guṇṭh, c. 10.) (= to veil), e. ed in nocturnal darkness: rajanītimirāvaguṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ku.;
     2 pari-vṛṇoti or vārayati (vṛ, c. 5. and 10.) (= to enclose), e. ing the whole Lankā: laṅkāṃ samastāṃ parivārya, Ram.: v. Also to encircle, conceal.

ENVELOP (subs.): *patraveṣṭanam.

ENVENOM (v.):
     I Lit.: viṣeṇa limpati (lip, c. 6.) or degdhi (dih, c. 2.) or anakti (ñj, c. 2.).
     II Fig.: e. ed glance: viṣeṇa digdhaḥ kaṭākṣaḥ, Ma.; "e. ed tongue of calumny": viṣāktā piśunajihvā.

ENVIABLE: spṛhaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), of e. prowess: spṛhaṇīyavīryaḥ, Ku. iii. 20.

ENVIER:
     1 īrṣyin (m.);
     2 asūyakaḥ:
     3 matsarin (m.).

ENVIOUS:
     1 īrṣyin (f. ṇī), e., hateful, discontented: īrṣyī ghṛṇyasantuṣṭaḥ, H.;
     2 matsarin (f. ṇī), e. of others' rise: paravṛddhimatsarin (f. ṇī), Si.; sābhyasūyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 īrṣyālu (mfn.);
     5 asūyāparītaḥ (tā taṃ); etc.

ENVIOUSLY:
     1 serṣyam;
     2 sābhyasūyam;
     3 samatsaram.

ENVIOUSNESS: v. Envy.

ENVIRON (v.): parivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. Encompass.

ENVIRONS: parisarāḥ or parisaraviṣayāḥ (m. pl.): v. Suburbs.

ENVOY: dūtaḥ: v. Ambassador.

ENVY (subs.):
     1 īrṣyā: v. Jealousy;
     2 abhi-asūyā, who has created yours e.: kenābhyasūyā te janitā, Ku.;
     3 mātsaryam, whose minds are vitiated with the feeling of e.: mātsaryarāgopahatātman (mfn.), Ki.

ENVY (v.):
     I In bad sense:
     1 asūyati abhi-, (nomi.) (with dat.);
     2 īrṣyati, (īrṣya, c. 1.) (rare: with dat.);
     3 better by subs.
     II In good sense; spṛhayati -te (spṛh, c. 10.) (with dat.), I e. the king Daśaratha: spṛhayāmi rājñe daśarathāya, Vi.

EPACT: annual e.: sūryacandravatsarāntaram; monthly e.: arkacandramāsāntaram.

EPAULET: skandhābharaṇam, and sim. comp. s. (?).

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EPHEMERAL:
     I Diurnal: q. v.
     II Shortlived: kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Transient.

EPHOD: parikaraḥ (?) v. Girdle.

EPHOR: *paridarśakaḥ. E. -alty: *paridarśakatvam.

EPIC: Ph.: e. poem: mahākāvyam; e. poet: mahākāvyalekhakaḥ; etc.

EPICENE: strīpuṃliṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ)

EPICURE: bhojanacañcuḥ, Vet.: viṣayāsaktacetas (mfn.) (= sensualist: q. v.).

EPICURIAN:
     I Lit.: *epikaurīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Luxurious: viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Given to indulgence:
     1 indriyasukhanirataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 viṣayāsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

EPIDEMIC:
     I Adj.: vyāpaka (f. pikā).
     II Subs.: vyāpakavyādhiḥ; māriḥ (= pestilence).

EPIGLOTTIS: upajihvā; pratijihvā alijihvā.

EPIGRAM: kṣudrakavitā (?).

EPIGRAMMATIC, -AL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II Concise, pointed: q. v.; laghu (mfn.).

EPIGRAMMATIST: kṣudrakavitālekhakaḥ (?).

EPILEPSY:
     1 apasmāraḥ;
     2 bhrāmaram.

EPILEPTIC:
     1 apasmārin (f. ṇī), Si.;
     2 bhrāmarin (f. ṇī).

EPILOGUE: upasaṃhāraḥ.

EPIPHANY:
     I Lit.: āvirbhāvaḥ: v. Appearance.
     II A festival: *āvirbhāvaparvan (n.).

EPISCOPAL: expr. by comp., e. jurisdiction: *pradhānācāryādhikāraḥ; e. church: ācāryadharmamandiram.

EPISCOPALLY: *pradhānācāryaiḥ (ins. pl.).

EPISCOPATE:
     I A bishopric: q. v.
     II The body of bishops: *pradhānācāryavargaḥ.

EPISODE: upākhyānam; upakathā.

EPISTLE: patram: v. Letter.

EPISTOLARY: expr. by patram, e. style: *patrarītiḥ, e. correspondence: *patrasaṃvādaḥ.

EPITAPH: *smaraṇamaṇḍanam: v. Inscription.

EPITHALAMIUM:
     1 maṅgalagītam;
     2 vivāhagītam.

EPITHET: viśeṣaṇam, V.

EPITOME:
     1 sārasaṃgrahaḥ;
     2 saṃkṣepaḥ (=abridment).

EPITOMIST: sārasaṃgrahakaraḥ; saṃkṣeptṛ (m.) (=abridger).

EPITOMIZE:
     1 sārasaṃgrahaṃ karoti;
     2 saṃkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (= to abridge);
     3 samasyati (as, c. 4.) (= 2.).

EPOCH:
     1 kālaḥ (= time);
     2 yugam (=age).

EPODE: kāvyaviśeṣaḥ.

EPOPER: v. Epic.

EQUABILITY: samatā: v. Evenness, equanimity.

EQUABLE: samaḥ (mā maṃ), e. -tempered: samavṛttiḥ, Ki.: v. Even, uniform.

EQUABLY: samam: v. Evenly, uniformly.

EQUAL (adj.):
     I A like:
     1 samaḥ (mā maṃ), I do not see any one greater than or e. to Rāma: paśyāmi rāmādadhikaṃ samaṃ vā nānyam, B.; e. share: samabhāgaḥ, Da.;
     2 samānaḥ (nā naṃ), e. in caste and number: samānā jātisaṃkhyayā, Da.; to (men) of e. valour, lineage, and manliness: samānavīryānvayapauruṣeṣu, Ki.;
     3 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ) (= makSing, like), of e. strength: tulyaśkti (mfn.), M. n.;
     4 sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ) (= tulya), with those, who are not his e. s: anātmasadṛśeṣu, Mu.
     II Adequate:
     1 samaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 paryāptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ) (= enough: q. v.).
     III Equitable: samaḥ (mā maṃ).
     IV Indifferent: samaḥ (mā maṃ) or samānaḥ (nā naṃ).

EQUAL (subs.):
     1 expr. by adj.: samaḥ (mā maṃ) or samānaḥ (nā naṃ), with e. s: samaiḥ, H.; two e. s: samānau, B.;
     2 samānajanaḥ, before e. s: samānajanasamakṣam, M. n.

EQUAL (v. t.):
     I To be e. to: expr. by adj., but does not e. me in penances: na tu tapasā me samaḥ, Vi.
     II To make e. to:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 samīkaroti or samānīkaroti.

EQUALITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 sābhyam, bearing e. with the thunder of Jupiter: aśaninā maghonaḥ sāmyaṃ gataḥ, Ki.;
     2 samānatā;
     3 tulyatā.
     II Evenness: tulyatā.
     III Uniformity: samatā.

EQUALIZATION:
     1 samīkaraṇam;
     2 samānīkaraṇam.

EQUALIZE:
     1 samīkaroti;
     2 samānīkaroti;
     3 by adj. v. Equal.

EQUALLY:
     1 samaṃ or samānam, treats his servants e.: samaṃ bhṛtyeṣu vartate, P.;
     2 tulyam;
     3 sadṛśam;
     4 by adj., the battle was e. makSed: tulyapratidvandvi babhūva yuddham, R.

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EQUANIMITY:
     1 samatā, by e.: samatayā, R. ix. 6.;
     2 samavṛttitā;
     3 samabhāvaḥ;
     4 samacittatā.

EQUATION: samīkaraṇam, quadratic e.: vargasamīkaraṇam, Vij.

EQUATOR:
     I Terrestrial:
     1 bhūparidhiḥ;
     2 bhūkakṣā.
     II Celestial:
     1 vyomakakṣā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 ākāśaparidhiḥ, Gan.

EQUATORIAL: Ph.: e. region: nirakṣadeśaḥ, Go.

EQUERRY, EQUERY:
     I A stable:
     1 mandurā;
     2 vājiśālā;
     3 aśvaśālā.
     II An officer: mandurāpālaḥ, K.

EQUESTRIAN (subs.): aśvavāraḥ: v. Horseman.

EQUESTRIAN (adj.):
     I Pertaining to horse:
     1 aśvīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 āśva (f. śvā);
     3 āśvikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Pertaining to horsemen: expr. by tat. comp.

EQUIANGULAR:
     1 samakoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 samānāsra (f. srā); etc.

EQUIDISTANT:
     1 samadūraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 samānāntaraḥ (rā raṃ); etc.

EQUILATERAL: samabhujaḥ (jā jaṃ). E. triangle: samatribhujaḥ; e. pentagon: samapañcabhujaḥ; and so on.

EQUILIBRIUM: samadhṛtiḥ (?); V. s. To be in e.:
     1 samadhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 tulādhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

EQUINOCTIAL: viṣuvīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). The e. line:
     1 viṣuvarekhā;
     2 viṣuvacakram;
     3 viṣuvadvṛttam, Su. The e. sun: viṣuvastho divākaraḥ, Su. E. point: ayanam.

EQUINOX:
     1 viṣuvam;
     2 viṣuvat (n.). Vernal e.: mahāviṣuvam, Autumnal e.: jalaviṣuvam.

EQUIP (v.):
     1 sajjīkaroti, well e. ped: susajjitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ā-kalpayati upa-, (klṭp, c. 10.): v. Also to adorn, accoutre.

EQUIPAGE:
     I Lit.:
     1 sajjā;
     2 ākalpaḥ. Ph.: personal e.: śarīropakaraṇāni, K.
     II Retinue: q. v.: parivarhaḥ.

EQUIPMENT:
     I The act:
     1 sajjīkaraṇam;
     2 ākalpanam upa-.
     II Equipage: q. v.: sajjā.

EQUIPOISE: samadhṛtiḥ: v. Equilibrium.

EQUITABLE:
     I Of men: nyāyaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Of acts: nyāyasaṃgataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Just.

EQUITABLY: nyāyena or nyāyataḥ: v. Justly, fairly.

EQUITY: nyāyaḥ: e. governs in the conflict of two codes of law: smṛtyorvirodhe nyāyo balavān, Y.: v. Justice.

EQUIVALENT (adj.):
     1 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ) v. Equal;
     2 tulyārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (in meaning);
     3 tulyabalaḥ (lā laṃ) (in force);
     4 tulyamūlyaṃ (lyā lyaṃ) (in value).

EQUIVALENT (subs.):
     I An e. thing: expr. by adj.
     II In chemistry: *tulyam.

EQUIVOCAL: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ): v. Ambiguous.

EQUIVOCALLY: vakram: v. Ambiguously.

EQUIVOCATE (v.):
     1 vakroktiṃ karoti;
     2 bhaṅgiṃ karoti.

EQUIVOCATION:
     1 vakroktiḥ:
     2 sphuṭabhinnārthaṃ vacaḥ, Si.

ERA:
     1 kālaḥ: v. Time;
     2 śakaḥ or śākaḥ (sp. of. Shālivāhana);
     3 saṃvat (of Vikramāditya).

ERADICATE:
     1 unmūlayati sam-, (mūl, c. 10.), an enemy can be easily e. d: ripurunmūlayituṃ sukaraḥ, Ki. ii. 50;
     2 uddharati (hṛ, c. 1.), I will e. the enemy today: śatrumadyoddhariṣyāmi, Ram.;
     3 ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.).

ERADICATION:
     1 unmūlanam;
     2 uddharaṇam or uddhāraḥ;
     3 ucchedaḥ, e. of birth: ucchedo janmanaḥ, Ki.

ERASE:
     I To efface: q. v.: pra-mārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 2.).
     II To destroy: q.v.: kaṣati (kaṣa, c. 1.), all-e. ing fate: sarvaṃkaṣā bhavitavyatā, Ma.

ERASURE: lopaḥ. (?): v. Obliteration.

ERE: pūrvam, e. this: itaḥ pūrvam: v. Before.

ERE LONG:
     1 acireṇa;
     2 acirāt.

ERECT (adj.):
     I Of posture: perh. unnataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Raised, uplifted: q. v.: unnataḥ (tā taṃ), with eyebrows e.: unnatabhrū (n. bhru). Ph.: his hair became e. (from joy): pulakito babhūva.

ERECT (v.):
     I To set up, plant: q. v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To build: q. v.:
     1 nirmimīte (, c. 3.);
     2 karoti (= to make).
     III To exalt: q. v.: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     IV To establish, found: q.v.: sthāpayati.

ERECTION:
     I Planting:
     1 sthāpanam saṃ-,
     2 pratiṣṭhāpanam.
     II Building: nirmāṇam.
     III Exaltation: q. v.

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ERECTLY: prob. unnatakāyena or unnato (f. ) bhūtvā.

ERECTNESS: unnatatā -tvam: v. Erect.

EREWHILE: kiñcitpūrvam: v. Sometime, before.

EREMITE: araṇyavāsī, Vi.;
     2 āraṇyakaḥ, Vi.: v. Hermit.

ERMINE:
     I An animal: nakulajātīyajantuviśeṣaḥ.
     II Its fur: *ūrmīṇaloman (n.).
     III The dignity of judges: ūrmīṇalomadharāḥ (m. pl.).

EROTIC: v. Amatory.

ERR (v.):
     1 bhramati vi-, (bhram, c. 1.), that you may not e. again: mā bhūyo vibhrameriti, Mah.;
     2 pathaḥ or mārgāt cyavate (cyu, c. 1.) or bhraśyati -te (bhraṃś, c. 4.) (= to wander from the right way), Ki.;
     3 utpathena or unmārgeṇa gacchati (gam, c. 1.) or dhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.) (in moral sense), U.

ERRAND: sandeśaḥ: v. Message.

ERRANT:
     I Wandering: q. v.: paribhramin (f. ṇī).
     II Wild: q. v.: udvṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).

ERRING (adj.):
     1 bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), e. -minded: bhrāntabuddhi (mfn.), M. n.;
     2 vyabhicārin (f. ṇī), un-e. knowledge: jñānamavyabhicāri, N. d.

ERRONEOUS:
     1 bhramamūlakaḥ (kā kaṃ), this reading is e.: iti pāṭhastu mramamūlakaḥ, Va. com.;
     2 prāmādikaḥ (kī kaṃ), e. interchange of things: prāmādikī vastuparivṛttiḥ, M. n.;
     3 mithyā (= false) in comp., an e. inference: mithyānumānam, N. d.

ERRONEOUSLY:
     1 bhramāt;
     2 pramādena;
     3 bhrāntitaḥ, Go.;
     4 mithyā (= falsely: q. v.).

ERRONEOUSNESS:
     1 bhramamūlatvam;
     2 prāmādikatvam: v. Falsity.

ERROR:
     I A mistake: q. v.: bhramaḥ.
     II An inaccuracy: aśuddham.
     III Deviation: unmārgagamanam.
     IV Fault, sin.: q. v.

ERST: purā: v. Formerly.

ERUCT, ERUCTATION: v. Belch, belching.

ERUDITE:
     I As applied to men: paṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Learned.
     II As applied to any science, etc.: v. Abstruse, profound.

ERUDITION:
     1 pāṇḍityam;
     2 vaiduṣyam (rare).

ERUPTION:
     I A bursting forth:
     1 niḥsaraṇam;
     2 nirgamaḥ.
     II Of the skin: what are these e.s: *kiṃ nirgatamaṅge: v. Pimple, ikS.

ERUPTIVE: expr. by verb: nirgacchati (gam, c. 1.) or niḥsarati (sṛ, c. 1.).

ERYSIPELAS:
     1 udardaḥ;
     2 dadruḥ.

ESCALADE:
     I Subs: prob. avaskandaḥ -nam.
     II Verb: avaskandati (skand, c. 1.) (?); laṅghayati (laṅgh, c. 10.) (= to scale).

ESCAPADE: skhalitam, K.

ESCAPE (v. t.):
     I To get out of:
     1 mucyate vi- pari-, (pass. of muc) (with abl.), who e. s the great snare: yo mahāpāśādvimuktaḥ, V. c.;
     2 tarati ut- nir- sam- abhi, (tṝ, c. 1.) (= to cross, overcome), without e. ing an accusation: abhiyogamanistīrya, Y.; to e. death: mṛtyuṃ tarati, Vi.
     II To avoid: q. v.: pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.), infamy has been e. d: parihṛtamayaśaḥ, Mu.
     III Of observation, etc.: e. d the notice of the guards: na lakṣito rakṣibhaṭaiḥ, N.; it e. d his notice: sa etannālakṣayat (lakṣ, c. 10.).

ESCAPE (v. i.): i. e. to flee:
     1 apa-krāmati or krāmyati nira- samapa-, (kram, c. 1. and 4.), why was he allowed to e.: sa kasmādapakrāmannu pekṣitaḥ, Mu. iii.;
     2 apa-sarati nir-, (sṛ, c. 1.);
     3 apasarpati, (sṛp, c. 1.);
     4 nir-gacchati (gam, c. 1.). To e. from: v. Escape (v. t.).

ESCAPE (subs.):
     I E. ing from:
     1 nistāraḥ, I see no e.: nistāraṃ na paśyāmi;
     2 by verb, it was a narrow e.: kathaṃ kathamapi tasmādvimuktaḥ.
     II Fleeing:
     1 niṣkramaḥ;
     2 apasarpaṇam.

ESCARPMENT: [parvatasya] pātukapārśvaḥ (?).

ESCHEAT (v. i.):
     I To the crown:
     1 rājasvatām āpadyate (pad, c. 4.), Sa. vi.;
     2 rājasāt gacchati (gam, c. 1.), all these accumulated silver, base metal, etc. e. ed to the crown: sañcitaṃ raupyakupyādi sarvaṃ tadrājasādagāt, Raj.
     II To a lord: by ana: svāmisāt gacchati.

ESCHEAT (subs.): expr. by circumlo.: v. To escheat.

ESCHEW: varjayati (vṛj, c. 10.): v. To avoid.

ESCORT (subs.):
     1 expr. by circumlo. attended by a large e.: mahatā balena rakṣitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 rakṣādhikṛtapuruṣaḥ;
     3 paricaraḥ: v. Retinue, guard.

ESCORT (v.): anugacchati (gam, c. 1.), I myself will e. her: svayamevānugacchāmi tatrabhavatīm, Mr.: v. To accompany; guard.

ESCULENT: khādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ): v. Eatable.

ESCUTCHEON: *kulacihnapatram, Williams.

ESOTERIC: viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?).

ESPALIER: latāguñjaḥ (?).

ESPECIAL: viśeṣa in com.: v. Principal, particular.

ESPECIALLY:
     1 viśeṣeṇa;
     2 viśeṣam:
     3 prādhānyena (= principally: q. v.).

ESPIONAGE:
     I The practice of spies: gūḍhapracāraḥ, and sim. comp. s.
     II Their employment: cāraprayogaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

ESPLANADE: virāmabhūmiḥ (?).

ESPOUSAL:
     I Betrothal: dānam pra-.
     II Marriage: q. v.: vivāhaḥ.
     III Fig., adoption: parigrahaḥ.

ESPOUSE:
     I To betroth: dadāti pra-, (, c. 3.).
     II To marry: q. v.: parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     III To accept: parigṛhṇāti.

ESPY: nirvarṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.): v. To see.

ESQUIRE:
     I An attendant: sahacaraḥ.
     II A title: śrīmat (m.) prefixed.

ESSAY (subs.):
     I To Attempt: vyavasyati (so, c. 4.). q. v.:
     II To Assay: q. v.

ESSAY (subs.):
     I Attempt: q. v.
     II Assay: q. v.
     III Composition:
     1 prabandhaḥ;
     2 nibandhaḥ.

ESSAYIST: prabandhalekhakaḥ.

ESSENCE:
     I In gen. sense: sāraḥ, e. of beauty: saundaryasāraḥ; Ma.; in e. and in character: sārataḥ śīlataśca, D.
     II Perfume: gandhasāraḥ (?).

ESSENTIAL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp., e. thing: sāravastu.
     II Containing essence:
     1 sasāra: (rā raṃ);
     2 sāravat (f. ).
     III Indispensable, necessary: q. v.: the study of the Vedas is e. for an enquiry about duties: dharmajijñāsā vedādhyayanaṃ niyamenāpekṣate, S. Ph.: e. oil: *sāratailam.

ESSENTIALLY: sārataḥ: v. Essential, really.

ESTABLISH:
     I To found, settle: q. v.: sthāpayati saṃ- prati-, (c. of sthā), will e. Kaivartas in his kingdom: kaivartān rājye sthāpayiṣyati, V. p. Ph: the e. ed church: *pratiṣṭhāpitadharmaḥ.
     II To confirm: q. v.: sthirīkaroti.
     III To prove: q. v.:
     1 prati-pādayati upa-, (c. of pada,), does not e. his claim by evidence: uktaṃ pramāṇena na pratipādayati, K. b.;
     2 bhāvayati vi-, (c. of bhū) (rare), a case e. ed by witness: sākṣibhirbhāvitaṃ kāryam, Kat.

ESTABLISHER:
     I A founder: sthāpakaḥ saṃ- prati-.
     II Prover: pratipādakaḥ, or by verb.

ESTABLISHMENT:
     I Settlement: sthāpanam saṃ-.
     II Confirmation: sthirīkaraṇam.
     III Proving: pratipādanam.
     IV System, government: sthitiḥ. v. Domestic: expr. by circumlo.: he keeps a large e.: bahūni bhṛtyādīni rakṣati.

ESTATE:
     I State: q. v.: avasthā.
     II Property: q. v.: sampattiḥ.
     III An order or class: vargaḥ (?), the third e. (i. e. the commonalty): *tṛtīyavargaḥ.

ESTEEM (v.):
     I To think, reckon: q. v.: gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.).
     II To respect, love: q. v.: bahu manyate (man, c. 4.).

ESTEEM (subs.): expr. by verb, he is held in high e. by the people: prajāstaṃ bahu manyante: v. Regard, reputation.

ESTIMABLE:
     I Praiseworthy: q. v.: ślādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ).
     II What can be estimated: q. v.: nirūpyaḥ (pyā pyaṃ).

ESTIMATE (subs.):
     I Of money, etc.: gaṇanā (?).
     II Judgement, appreciation: q. v.: gaṇanā.

ESTIMATE: nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.): v. To count, compute.

ESTIMATION:
     I Lit.: nirūpaṇam: v. Computation.
     II Opinion: q. v.: matam.
     III Esteem: q. v.

ESTOP: *pratibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), e. d by his own deed: *svapatreṇa pratibaddhaḥ.

ESTOPPLE: *pratibandhaḥ.

ESTRANGE: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ): v. To alienate.

ESTRANGEMENT: vicchedaḥ: v. Alienation.

ESTUARY: puṭabhedaḥ (?)

ET CETERA:
     1 ādi (mfn.), animals, etc.: paśvādayaḥ, S.;
     2 prabhṛti (mfn.), citizen, villagers, etc.: paurajānapadaprabhṛtayaḥ, Ana.

ETCH: likhati (likh, c. 6.) (= to draw: q. v.)

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ETERNAL:
     1 nityaḥ (tyā tyaṃ), to the e. God.: nityāya devāya, Vi.;
     2 śāśvataḥ (tī taṃ), in e. course: śāśvate pathi, Ka.;
     3 anantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (=endless);
     4 sanātanaḥ (nī naṃ) (= everexisting);
     5 santataḥ (tā taṃ) (= incessant).

ETERNALLY:
     1 nityam;
     2 śāśvatam;
     3 anantam;
     4 sanātanam.

ETERNITY:
     1 nityatā;
     2 better by adj.: v. Eternal.

ETESIAN: vārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Annual.

ETHER:
     I A medium: *tejovahaḥ.
     II A fluid: *himadravaḥ.

ETHEREAL:
     I Celestial: q. v.: e. regions: nabhas: v. Sky.
     II Spirit-like: taijasaḥ (sī saṃ).

ETHIC, ETHICAL: expr. by dharma- in com., "e. meaning": *dharmārthaḥ; authors of e. systems: dharmaśāstraprayojakāḥ, Y.

ETHICS: dharmaśāstram (applied also to jurisprudence); dharmatattvam (?).

ETIQUETTE: ācāraḥ or sadācāraḥ: v. Custom.

ETYMOLOGICAL: vyutpattiviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ), and sim. expr. (?).

ETYMOLOGIST: vyutpattivid (mfn.) (?); vyutpattividyāviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ) (?), and sim. comp. s.

ETYMOLOGY:
     I In gram.: śabdādīnāṃ rūpaprakaraṇam.
     II Derivation: vyutpattiḥ.
     III The science: vyutpattiḥ -vidyā (?).

EUCHARIST: *kṛṣṭaśrāddham. E. -ic.: *kṛṣṭaśrāddhīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

EULOGIST:
     1 praśaṃsakaḥ;
     2 stutipāṭhakaḥ (who sings eulogies).

EULOGIZE: stauti or stavīti (stu, c. 2.): v. To praise.

EULOGY: stutiḥ or stavaḥ, others are pleased with false e. s: toṣameti vitathaiḥ stavaiḥ paraḥ, Si.: v. Praise.

EUNUCH:
     1 varṣavaraḥ;
     2 ṣaṇḍaḥ;
     3 klīvaḥ;
     4 napuṃsakaḥ. N. B.
     3 and
     4 are usually terms of contempt.

EUPHEMISM: *maṅgalabhāṣitam.

EUPHEMISTIC: Ph.: e. expression: *maṅgalabhāṣitam.

EUPHONIC, -AL, EUPHONIOUS:
     1 susvaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 susvarasaṃśliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?).

EUPHONIOUSLY:
     1 susvareṇa (?);
     2 susvarasaṃśliṣṭam (?).

EUPHNONY: susvaraḥ (?).

EUPHORBIA: bahudugdhikā.

EUPHUISM: vāgvilāsaḥ (?); *auphimmam.

EVACUATE (v.):
     I To empty: q. v.: śūnyīkaroti.
     II To void: q. v.: utsṛjati, (sṛj, c. 6.).
     III To desert, quit: q. v.: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.), e. ing Dwārakā: dvārakāṃ parityajya, Mah.

EVACUATION:
     I Of the bowels: malotsargaḥ. E. s.: uccāraḥ.
     II Of a town or fort mokṣaḥ, the siege and e. by Śālva: rodhaṃ mokṣañca śālvena, Mah.

EVADE (v.): pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.), to e. a summons: *āhvānaṃ pariharati, Ph.: to e. observation: v. To escape (v. t.) (III); e. ing these points: amū vimucyaiva, N.

EVANESCENT: kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Transient.

EVANGELIC, -AL: Ph.: e. preacher: *maṅgalapravaktā; *e. history: maṅgalapurāvṛttam; e. truth: *bāībalānugataṃ satyam.

EVANGELICALLY: *bāībalānusāreṇa.

EVANGELIST:
     I A writer: maṅgalalekhakaḥ.
     II A preacher: *maṅgalapravaktṛ (m.).

EVANGELIZE: to e. the world *lokebhyo maṅgalaṃ pravakti (vac, c. 2.).

EVAPORATE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: *bāṣpīkaroti (?): v. Vapour; to dissipate.
     II To dry up: q. v.: ācāmati (cam, c. 1.), R.

EVAPORATE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: bāṣpo bhūtvā gacchati (gam, c. 1.) (?).
     II Fig.: to be wasted: naśyati (naś, c. 4.).

EVAPORATION:
     I Lit.: bāṣpīkaraṇam (?) (turning into vapour); bāṣpībhāvaḥ (?) (passing off in v.).
     II Fig.: kṣayaḥ: v. Decay.

EVASION:
     1 expr. by verb: v. To evade:
     2 chalam (= trick).

EVASIVE: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ) (?): v. Ambiguous.

EVASIVELY:
     1 prastutaṃ parihṛtya (?);
     2 vakrottayā: v. Ambiguously.

EVE, EVEN (subs.):
     I Evening: q. v.:
     II The evening preceding a feast: pūrvapradoṣaḥ (?).
     III Fig.: we are on the eve of war: pratyāsīdati (sīd, c. 1.) no yuddham: v. To approach.

EVEN (adj.):
     I Level, smooth: q. v.: samaḥ (mā maṃ), it (the earth) looks e. to him: sā samā tasya pratibhāti, Go.
     II Equable: samaḥ (mā maṃ), e. -tempered: samavṛtti (mfn), Ki.
     III Not odd: samaḥ (mā maṃ).

EVEN (adj.): api (placed after the word emphasized), where e. the trees, e. the animals are my friends: yatra drumā api mṛgā api bandhavo me, U. iii.; very difficult to be shunned e. when leaving: sudustyajāstyajanto'pi, Ki.; e. now: adyāpi, J.; e. if: v. If; not e. he: so'pi.......na. Ph.: e. so: em.

EVEN-HANDED:
     1 samaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 samadarśin (f. );
     3 tulyavṛtti (mfn.).

EVENING (subs.):
     1 sāyaṃkālaḥ;
     2 pradoṣaḥ;
     3 sandhyā;
     4 vikālaḥ;
     5 dināntaḥ (poet);
     6 rajanīmukham (poet). In the e.: sāyam; e. and morning: sāyaṃ prātaśca, Sha.

EVENING (adj.):
     1 sāyantanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 prādoṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 sāyaṃkālīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     4 sāndhyaḥ (f. ndhyā);
     5 vaikālikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     6 by tat. comp. The e. star: *pradoṣatārā.

EVENLY:
     1 samam;
     2 samānam;
     3 tulyam: v. Equally, uniformly.

EVENNESS:
     I Lit.: samatā.
     II Of temper: samatā, by e., by discharging showers of wealth: samatayā vasuvṛṣṭivisarjanaiḥ, R.

EVENT:
     I An occurrence:
     1 ghaṭanā;
     2 vṛttam. Ph.: at all e. s: antataḥ; in the e. of: yadi: v. If.
     II Issue, end: q. v.

EVENTFUL: ghaṭanākulaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Memorable.

EVEN-TIDE: sāyaṃkālaḥ: v. Evening.

EVENTUAL: antimaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Final, ultimate.

EVENTUALLY: avaśeṣe: v. Finally, ultimately.

EVER:
     I At any time: kadācit or kadāpi, if these e. deserve union: kadācidete yadi yogamarhataḥ, Ku.; "nobody e. yet hated his own flesh": *adyāpi na ko'pi svamāṃsaṃ didveṣa. Ph.: e. and anon: yadā tadā.
     II Always: q. v.:
     1 satatam, e. think of the truth: tattvaṃ cintaya satatam, J.;
     2 nityam, D.: Ph.: gone for e.: apunarāgamanāya gataḥ; lost for e.: ekāntanaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) E. so (= in whatever degree): v. However.

EVERBLOOMING: nityapuṣpaḥ (ṣpā ṣpaṃ), and sim. comps., where trees are e.: yatra pādapā nityapuṣpāḥ, Me.

EVERGREEN:
     1 satataharitaḥ (tā taṃ); (?);
     2 nityaparṇa (f. rṇā) (?).

EVERLASTING: nityasthāyin (f. ): v. Eternal.

EVERLASTINGLY: v. Eternally, continually.

EVERMORE:
     I For e.: satatam.
     II At all times: sadā.

EVERY:
     1 by doubling the word, at e. place: sthāne sthāne, J.; in e. house: gṛhe gṛhe, Ku.; e. six months: ṣaṇmāse ṣaṇmāse, P. iii. 6.;
     2 by comp. with prati, in e. direction: pratidiśam, Ki.; e. day: pratyaham, H.;
     3 by comp. with anu (of rapid succession), e. moment, e. now and then: anukṣaṇam;
     4 sarvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ) (when e.= all); e. poem: sarvaṃ kāvyam, Mal.

EVERYBODY, EVERYONE:
     1 sarvaḥ, e. is after his own interest: sarvaḥ svārthe samīhate, Si. ii. 65.;
     2 sarvaṃjanaḥ sakalo janaḥ, etc., e. will say: sarvo jano vadiṣyati, P.; e. hates the minister: sakalo jano'mātyaṃ jugupsate, Ma. ii. Ph.: delighted e. one of the citizens: paurān pratyekaṃ hlādayāñcakre, R.; looking at e. one: pratyekamavalokya, Ana.

EVERYDAY (adj.):
     1 prātyahikaḥ (kī kaṃ), e. hunger: prātyahikakṣut, S. d.;
     2 nityaḥ (tyā tyaṃ) (= regular), e. present: nityadakṣiṇā, Mal.: v. Daily.

EVERYTHING: sarvam, everybody does not know e. na sarvaḥ sarvaṃ jānāti, Mu.

EVERY-TIME: yadā yadā: v. Whenever.

EVERY-WAY, IN:
     1 sarvathā;
     2 sarvaprakāreṇa.

EVERYWHERE:
     1 sarvatra;
     2 sarvataḥ, you go e.: tvaṃ sarvatogāmi, Ku.

EVICT: niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ) (?).

EVICTION: niḥsāraṇam (?).

EVIDENCE (subs.):
     1 sākṣyam (of witnesses), to give e.: sākṣyaṃ dadāti, Y.; e. may be direct and also hearsay: samakṣadarśanāt sākṣyaṃ śravaṇāccaiva sidhyati, M.;
     2 pramāṇam (= any proof), does not establish his claim by e.: uktaṃ pramāṇena na pratipādayati, K. b.; document (=written) possession (= real) and witnesses (=oral) are e.: pramāṇaṃ likhitaṃ bhuktiḥ sākṣiṇaśca, Y.

EVIDENCE (v.): pramāṇayati (nomi.): v. To evince, prove.

EVIDENT:
     1 spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), vi-, although e. the lustre of his body was not e.: spaṣṭo'pyavispaṣṭavapuḥprakāśaḥ, Ki.;
     2 vyaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), abhi-, very e. from the long wet footsteps: suvyaktamārdrapadapaṃktibhirāyatābhiḥ, R.;
     3 sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ), pari-, to become e. sphuṭībhavati, Si.

EVIDENT, TO BE:
     1 prakāśate (kāś, c. 1.), M. n.;
     2 vikaśa(sa)ti (kaś or kas, c. 1.), your untruthfulness is e. from your act: tava karmaṇaiva vikaśatyasatyatā, Si. xv. 16.

EVIDENT, TO MAKE:
     1 prakāśayati (c of kāś), who have made your intellect and character e.: prakāśitatvanmatiśīlasārāḥ, Ki.;
     2 vikāśa(sa)yati (c. of kaś or kas).

EVIDENTLY:
     1 vyaktam, e. I have been deceived: vyaktamasmi vipralabdhā, D.;
     2 spaṣṭam vi-;
     3
     3 sphuṭam pari-.

EVIL (adj,):
     I Having bad qualities:
     1 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), quieting the e. ones: duṣṭapraśāntiḥ, Vi.; e. sleep: duṣṭanidrā, K.
     2 by dur prefixed, e. doings: duṣkarmāṇi (n. pl.); e. speaking: durvākyam.
     II Not good: by ku- pref, at an e. moment: kukṣaṇe; e. course: kumārgaḥ; e. eye: kudṛṣṭiḥ.

EVIL (subs.):
     I Mischief, calamity: q. v.: aniṣṭam.
     II Wickedness: q. v.: duṣṭatā.

EVIL (adv.): v. Badly.

EVIL-MINDED:
     1 kumati (mfn.);
     2 durācāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 duṣprakṛti (mfn.): v. Wicked.

EVINCE: darśayati (c. of dṛś): v. To show, manifest.

EVISCERATE: antrāṇi apanayati (, c. 1.) or apohati (ūh, c. 1.) (with gen.).

EVOKE:
     1 āhvayati (hve, c. 1.) (= to call);
     2 niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (= to draw out)

EVOLUTION:
     I Development: udbhedaḥ, e. of affection: anurāgasyodbhedaḥ, Ma.
     II A series: paramparā.
     III In arith: mūlalābhaḥ (?).

EVOLVE (v.):
     I To disclose: q. v.: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     II To emit: q. v.

EVULSION:
     1 luñcanam ava- ut-;
     2 pāṭanam ut- vi-.

EWE:
     1 meṣī;
     2 bheḍī;
     3 uraṇī;
     4 eḍakā.

EWER: kamaṇḍaluḥ: v. Pitcher.

EXACT (adj.):
     I Precise: q. v.: yathārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ).
     II Accurate, punctual: q. v.: svavahitaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXACT (v.): niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To extort take.

EXACTION:
     I Extortion: q. v.: niṣkarṣaḥ -ṇam.
     II That which is exacted: perh niṣkarṣaḥ -ṇam (after utpīḍanam).

EXACTLY:
     I Precisely, accurately: q. v.: yathārthataḥ.
     II Nicely: sūkṣmam, Ph.: these are e. alike: nāsti kaścidanayorviśeṣaḥ; e. so: evameva: v. Just (adv.).

EXACTNESS:
     I Accuracy: q. v.: śuddhatā.
     II Nicety: q. v.: sūkṣmatā.
     III Carefulness: q.v.: avahitatā.
     IV Regularity: q. v.

EXAGGERATE (v.): perh. vardhayati (c. of vṛdh) or adhikaṃ kathayati (kath, c. 10.).

EXAGGERATION:
     1 atyuktiḥ or atiśayoktiḥ (= hyperbole).

EXALT:
     I Lit.: unnamayati (c. of nam), e. ed by the echoes: pratisvanairunnamitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki.: v. To lift.
     II Fig., to elevate:
     1 unnamayati sam- or unnatiṃ or samunnatiṃ nayati (, c. 1.), prāpayati (c. of āp) etc., e. s some: kāṃścinnayatyunnatim, Mr.;
     2 ucchrāyayati sam-, (c. of śri), e. ing (his) prowess by arms: astrairvīryamucchrāyayiṣyan, Vi.
     III To elate: ullāsayati (c. of las), e. s Daśaratha: daśarathamullāsayati, An.

EXALTATION:
     I The act: unnamanam.
     II The state:
     1 unnatiḥ sam-.
     2 ucchrāyaḥ sam-.

EXALTED:
     1 unnataḥ (tā taṃ), sam-, bending the e.: unnatānnamayan, K.
     2 ucchritaḥ (tā taṃ), sam-, in a very e. minister: atyucchrite mantriṇi, Mu.;
     3 uccaiḥ (= high), a more e. place: uccaistaraṃ padam, Ku.

EXALTED, TO BE: unnamati (nam, c. 1.), as if the sky was e.: dyaurunnanāmeva, K.

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EXAMINATION: parīkṣā, e. of gems: ratnaparīkṣā, Mal.; e. -in-chief: *pūrvaparīkṣā; post mortem e.: *pretaparīkṣā; e. of urine: mūtraparīkṣā, Bha.; after e. (of a book): parīkṣya, Mal.

EXAMINE (v.): parīkṣate saṃ-, (īkṣ, c. 1.), one should e. and then form association: saṅgataṃ parīkṣya kartavyam, Sa.; shall e. a sick man by look, touch and question: darśanasparśanapraśnai rogiṇaṃ parīkṣeta, Bha.; shall not e. witnesses in all cases of violence: sāhasesu ca sarveṣu na parīkṣeta sākṣiṇaḥ, N. s.

EXAMINER:
     1 parīkṣakaḥ or parīkṣin (m.), e. of coins: nāṇakaparīkṣī, Y.;
     2 prāśnikaḥ (by questions), your Reverence should take the post of e.: bhagavatyā prāśnikapadamadhyāsitavyam, Mal.

EXAMPLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 udāharaṇam, I am an e. of it: tasyāhamasmyudāharaṇabhūtā, D. vi.;
     2 nidarśanam, with e. s: sanidarśanaḥ (nā naṃ), K.;
     3 dṛṣṭāntaḥ, an e. of the weak: durbalānāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, M. n.: v. Also instance.
     II Fig., =way: q. v. "to give e.": panthānaṃ darśyati (c. of dṛś).

EXANIMATE:
     I Dead: q. v.: gatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Spiritless, dejected: q. v.

EXASPERATE:
     I To enrage: q. v.:
     1 utkopayati (c. of kup);
     2 saṃkṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh).
     II To aggravate: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

EXASPERATION:
     I Irritation: utkopanam.
     II Increase: vṛddhiḥ.

EXCAVATE:
     1 khanati: v. To dig.:
     2 vidārayati (c. of dṝ).

EXCAVATION:
     I The act:
     1 khananam;
     2 vidāraṇam.
     II A cavity or hollow q. v.: khātam.

EXCAVATOR:
     I A digger: q. v.
     II A machine: *vidāriṇī.

EXCEED (v.):
     1 atikrāmati or krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.);
     2 atyeti (i, c. 2.), Ki.: v. Surpass, excel.

EXCEEDING (= prep.):
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 by ati- in comp. (rare), e. human spirit and prowess: atimānuṣaprāṇabalaḥ (lā laṃ), D.

EXCEEDING, EXCEEDINGLY (adv.):
     1 ati, you are e. arrogant: ati hi nāmāvalipyase, Vi.;
     2 atyantam, e. proud: atyantamānin (f. ), Mu.;
     3 atimātram;
     4 atīva: v. Also extremely, excessively.

EXCEL (v. t.):
     1 prakṛṣyate or ut- (pass. of kṛṣ) (= to be drawn up) (with abl.), no body e.s Vishvāmitra in greatness: na khalu viśvāmitrānmahatvena kaścidaparaḥ prakṛṣyate, Vi. i.;
     2 ativartate (vṛt, c. 1.) (= to be beyond), what is eulogy to you whose dignity e.s the range of eulogy: kā te stutiḥ stutipathādativṛttadhāmnaḥ, Vi.;
     3 atiśete (śī, c. 2.) (= to lie beyond), in this your Excellency e. s your ancestors: pūrvān mahābhāgatayātiśeṣe, R. v. 14;
     4 atiricyate (pass. of ric) (to be more) (with abl.); truth e. s even thousand horsesacrifices: aśvamedhasahasrāddhi satyamevātiricyate, H. iv.;
     5 adharayati (nomi.) (= put down: q. v.), e. ling the sages in his pure acts: caritairmunīnadharayan śucibhiḥ, Ki. vi. 24.;
     6 tiraskaroti (= to eclipse: q. v.), M. n;
     7 abhibhavati (bhū, c. 1.) (= to humble: q. v.), e. ling the fragrance of other flowers: abhibhūtānyakusumaparimalam, K.;
     8 jayati (ji, c. 1.) (= to conquer: q. v.), Si. i. 19.;
     9 hepayati (c. of ) (= to put to shame), Ki. xiii. 41.;
     10 nindati (nind, c. 1.) (= to censure: q. v.), Gi. ii. 6.: v. To surpass.

EXCELLENCE:
     I Superiority:
     1 utkarṣaḥ or prakarṣaḥ;
     2 utkṛṣṭatā;
     3 viśiṣṭatā: v. Also greatness, loftiness.
     II Any good quality: guṇaḥ or mahadguṇaḥ or viśiṣṭaguṇaḥ.

EXCELLENCY:
     I Excellence: q. v.
     II A title: devaḥ (f. ) (applied to kings and ministers); mahābhāgaḥ (gā gaṃ).

EXCELLENT:
     I Admirable, eminent: q. v.:
     1 utkṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 prakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), the bird parrot is of e. form: śukapakṣī prakṛṣṭarūpaḥ, S. p. b.
     II Extremes: q. v.

EXCELLENTLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also admirably, well.

EXCEPT (v.):
     I Trans.: to leave out:
     1 varjayati vi-, (vṛj, c. 10.);
     2 apāsyati (as, c. 4.).
     II Intrans, to object: q. v.

EXCEPT (conj.): yadi na: v. Unless.

EXCEPT, EXCEPTING (prep.):
     1 by part.s varjayitvā vihāya apahāya muktvā, etc. (with acc.), e. your acceptance of Sitā: sītāyāḥ svīkāraṃ varjayitvā, M. n.; e. Damayantī: vihāya bhaimīm, N. i. 13;
     2 ṛte (with acc. or abl.), e. the sun: ṛte raveḥ, Si. i. 33.: v. Also but, without.

EXCEPTION (subs.):
     I Excluding: varjanam vi-, Ph.: with the e. of: varjayitvā (with acc.): v. Except (prep.).
     II To rules, etc.: apavādaḥ, e. to theft: cauryāpavādaḥ, Viv.; like precepts by e. s: apavādairivotsargāḥ, Ku. ii. 27.
     III Objection: q. v.: āpattiḥ.

EXCEPTIONABLE: v. Objectionable.

EXCEPTIONAL: i. e. uncommon: asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī).

EXCERPT:
     I uddharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II Subs.: expr. by uddhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXCERPTION:
     I The act: uddharaṇam.
     II Except: expr. by uddhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXCESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 ādhikyam;
     2 atirekaḥ M. n.;
     3 often by adj.: adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ) or atiriktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), when there is e. of bile: pitte'dhike, Bha.; e. population: atiriktajanaḥ, M. n. To be in e. of: atiricyate (pass. of ric) (with abl.).
     II Intemperance, dissipation: q. v.: perh. atibhogaḥ.

EXCESSIVE:
     1 ati- in comp., e. rain: ativṛṣṭiḥ; e. drinking: atipānam;
     2 atiśaya- in comp., e. devotion: atiśayabhaktiḥ;
     3 atyantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) e. crying anyantaṃ ruditam, R.;
     4 nitāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     5 sātiśayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Abundant, much.

EXCESSIVELY:
     1 atīva, e. agitated: atīva vyākulitacittaḥ, P.;
     2 nitāntam, e. fond: nitāntavatsalaḥ, R.;
     3 sātiśayam: v. Exceedingly.

EXCHANGE (subs.):
     I Lit.: vinimayaḥ, how many pomegranates are to be got in e.: kati dāḍimāni labhyāni tadvinimayena bhavanti, Li.; e. of qualities: guṇānāṃ vinimayaḥ, Ki.: v. Also change, interchange. Ph.: take my life in e. of hers: vihāya jīvitaṃ tasyā gṛhāṇa mama jīvitam; bill of e.: *vinimayapatram; e. is in favour of London: *laṇḍanānukūlo vinimayaḥ.
     II E. place: śreṣṭhicatvaram (?); *vinimayagṛham.

EXCHANGE (v.):
     1 mayate ni-, (gen.) vini-, (me, c. 1.);
     2 parivartayati (c. of vṛt) (= change: q. v.);
     3 by circumlo., e. these for fuel: imāndattvā kāṣṭhānyāhara, D.

EXCHANGEABLE: vinimeyaḥ (yā yaṃ); vinimayayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ).

EXCHEQUER:
     I Treasury: q. v.: koṣaḥ, lord of the e.: koṣapatiḥ.
     II A court: q. v.

EXCISABLE (adj.): *upaśulkārha (f. rhā).

EXCISE (subs.): i. e. e. duty: *upaśulkaḥ.

EXCISEMAN: *upaśulkagrāhakaḥ.

EXCISION: ucchedaḥ: v. Extirpation destruction.

EXCITABLE
     1 uttejanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 kopanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= irritable).

EXCITANT: dīpanaḥ (nī naṃ), Sr.

EXCITATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 uttejanam sam-;
     2 utkopanam;
     3 uddīpanam (= kindling).
     II Causing: jananam.

EXCITE:
     I To stir up:
     1 uttejayati sam-, (c. of tij), I will e. the king's servants to release my friend: suhṛdaḥ parimokṣaṇāya narendrabhṛtyānuttejayāmi, Mr.; speech e. ing an enemy: śatroruttejanakarī vāk, Sah.;
     2 utkopayati (c. of kup) (a stronger term), to e. head-ache: śiraḥśūlamutkopayati, Vi.;
     3 uddīpayati (c. of dīp) (= to kindle: q. v.).
     II To produce, cause: q. v.: janayati (c. of jan), to e. envy: īṣyāṃ janayati, M. n.

EXCITEMENT:
     I Exciting: uttejanam.
     II Agitation, emotion: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.
     III That which excites: uttejanam.

EXCITER (adj.):
     1 uttejaka (f. jikā);
     2 utkopayitṛ (f. trī).

EXCITING (adj.): uttejaka (f. jikā);
     2 uttejanakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

EXCLAIM: gadati (gad, c. 1.): v. To speak, cry out.

EXCLAIMER: vaktṛ (f. ktrī): v. Speaker.

EXCLAMATION: ākrośaḥ: v. Clamour, noise.

EXCLAMATION:
     I Expressing exclamation: ākrośavyañjaka (mn.) (?).
     II Using exclamation: ākrośin (f. ) (?).

EXCLUDE (v.):
     I To turn out, eject:
     1 bahiṣkaroti;
     2 niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ).
     II To hinder: q. v.: niṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.).
     III To except: varjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).

EXCLUSION:
     I Turning out:
     1 bahiṣkaraṇam;
     2 niḥsāraṇam.
     II Exception: barjanam vi- pari-.
     III Rejection: pratyākhyānam.

EXCLUSIVE: Lit.: nivāraka (f. rikā).
     II Not shared by others: ananyasādhāraṇa (f. ṇī) or ananyasāmānya (f. nyā). Ph.: e. of horse: aśvārohātirekeṇa or aśvārohātiriktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

EXCLUSIVELY: ananyasādhāraṇam; ananyasāmānyam.

EXCLUSIVENESS: ananyasādhāraṇatā ananyasāmānyatā.

EXCOGITATE:
     1 udbhāvayati (c. of bhū);
     2 parikalpayati (c. of kḷp).

EXCOGITATION:
     1 udbhāvanam sam-;
     2 parikalpanam.

EXCOMMUNICATE:
     I Lit.: samājād bahiṣkaroti. E. d: samājavahiṣkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ); apapātritaḥ (tā taṃ), Viv.
     II To forbid: q. v.

EXCOMMUNICATION: samājādbahiṣkaraṇam.

EXCORIATE: carma pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) (with gen.).

EXCORIATION:
     I Lit.: carmapīḍanam.
     II Spoliation: q. v.

EXCREMENT:
     1 uccāraḥ;
     2 ava(pa)skaraḥ: v. Dung, ordure.

EXCREMENTAL:
     1 uccaritaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ava(pa)skṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXCRESCENCE: āvirbhāvaḥ: v. Also encumbrance.

EXCRETE:
     1 utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.);
     2 niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ).

EXCRETION:
     I The act:
     1 utsargaḥ;
     2 niḥsāraṇam.
     II Excrement: q. v.: uccāraḥ.

EXCRETORY (subs.): *malavāhinī.

EXCRUCIATE (v.): atyantaṃ vyathayati (c. of vyath): v. To pain, exceedingly. Ph.: e. ing pain: marmacchedinī or aruntudā vedanā.

EXCULPATE:
     1 śodhayati vi- pari-, (c. of śudh) if he does not e. himself: nātmānaṃ cedviśodhayet, Y.;
     2 mocayati (muc, c. 10.) (= free) (when the meaning is clear).

EXCULPATION:
     1 śodhanam vi- pari-;
     2 mocanam (= freeing).

EXCULPATORY: expr. by comp., e. evidence: śodhanapramāṇam.

EXCURSION:
     I Expedition: abhidravaḥ. To make an e.: abhidravati (dru, c. 1.), Mah.
     II A strip: q. v.: to make an e. into Cashmere: kāśmīrāndraṣṭuṃ gacchati.
     III Deviation, digression: q. v.

EXCURSIVE:
     I Lit.: paryaṭanaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Fig.: sarvatodhāvin (f. ).

EXCUSABLE:
     1 marṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 kṣantavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ).

EXCUSE (v.):
     I To absolve: mocayati (muc, c. 10.).
     II To forgive, pardon: q. v.: marṣayati (c. of mṛṣ).

EXCUSE (subs.):
     I Release: mocanam.
     II Forgiving: marṣaṇam, "in e. for it": tanmarṣaṇāya.
     III Plea, apology: uttaram (= reply).
     IV That which e. s: expr. by verb: "it hath the e. of youth": śaiśavāddhetoridaṃ marṣayitavyam.

EXCUSELESS:
     1 amarṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 akṣamārha (f. rhā).

EXECRABLE: atigarhitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Abominable, detestable.

EXECRATE:
     I To curse: q. v.: śapati (śap, c. 1.).
     II To detest, hate: q. v.: jugupsate.

EXECRATION:
     I Curse: q. v.: śāpaḥ; abhiśāpaḥ.
     II Anything detested: jugupsitaḥ (tā taṃ); atigarhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXECUTE:
     I To accomplish, carry out: q. v.: anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), to e. an order: śāsanamanutiṣṭhati, R.
     II Of deeds: karoti.
     III To put to death: q. v.: vyāpādayati (c. of pad). Ph.: about to be e. d: vadhyamānaḥ (nā naṃ), Mu.

EXECUTION:
     I Accomplishment:
     1 anuṣṭhānam;
     2 niṣpādanam;
     3 nirvāhaḥ.
     II Of deeds: karaṇam.
     III Putting to death: vyāpādanam. Ph.: place of e.: vadhyabhūmiḥ, Mu.

EXECUTIONER: ghātakaḥ; vadhādhikṛtaḥ (?).

EXECUTIVE (adj.):
     I Pertaining to execution: expr. by comp., e. duty: anuṣṭhānaniyogaḥ, e. power: *anuṣṭhānakṣamatā.
     II Fitted for execution:
     1 kāryakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 kāryakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), and sim. comp. s.

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EXECUTIVE (subs.): *anuṣṭhānādhikṛtāḥ (m. pl.); vyaktikramaśāsakāḥ (m. pl.).

EXECUTOR (m.), EXECUTRIX (f.):
     I Doer: q. v.: niṣpādayitṛ (f. trī).
     II Of a will: *icchāpatrānuśāsakaḥ (f. sikā).

EXECUTORY:
     I Executive: q. v.
     II In law: *anuṣṭheyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

EXEGESIS: vivṛtiḥ: v. Explanation.

EXEGETE, EXEGETIST: vyākhyātṛ (f. trī);
     2 vyākartṛ (f. trī).

EXEMPLAR: ādarśaḥ: v. Model.

EXEMPLARY:
     1 expr. by ādarśaḥ;
     2 praśasyaḥ (syā syaṃ) (= commendable).

EXEMPLIFICATION: expr. by verb: v. Below.

EXEMPLIFY:
     1 udāharaṇena or dṛṣṭāntena or sanidarśanaṃ spaṣṭīkaroti or sphuṭīkaroti;
     2 udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.), these have been e. ed in order: tatkrameṇodāhṛtam, Kuv.

EXEMPT (v.): mocayati (muc, c. 10.): v. To free, release.

EXEMPT (adj.): expr. by nir or vīta pref. d, e. from birth and decrepitude: vītajanmajaras (mfn.), Ki. v. 22.: v. Free from, devoid of.

EXEMPTION:
     1 muktiḥ: v. Feedom;
     2 by deriv., e. from anxiety: niścintatā bītacintatā, etc.

EXEQUIAL:
     1 aurddhadehikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 antyeṣṭi- in comp.

EXEQUIES (pl.):
     1 aurddhadehikam;
     2 antyeṣṭikriyā.

EXERCISE (subs.):
     I Application, employment: q. v.: prayogaḥ.
     II Performance, practice: anuṣṭhānam.
     III Exertion:
     1 vyāyāmaḥ, place of e.: vyāyāmabhūmiḥ, Ka.;
     2 śramaḥ pari-, took e. with iron maces: ayodaṇḍena śramamakarot, K.; tired with e.: pariśramaklāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), Ki.
     IV A disquistion, task: q. v.

EXERCISE (v. t.):
     1 vyāyāmaṃ karoti:
     2 śramaṃ karoti.

EXERCISE (v. i.):
     I To use: q. v.: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.).
     II To practise: q. v.: abhyasyati (as, c. 4.).
     III To discipline: śikṣayati (c. of śikṣ).
     IV To cause to e.: vyāyāmaṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ), Ka.
     V To afflict: āyāsayati (c. of yas).

EXERT (v.):
     I To e oneself: yatnaṃ karoti: v. To endeavour, attempt.
     II To employ, apply: q. v.: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.).

EXERTION: āyāsaḥ, from e.: āyāsāt, Si.: v. Effort.

EXFOLIATE: paripuṭati (puṭ, c. 6.) (?).

EXFOLIATION: paripuṭanam (?).

EXHALATION:
     I The act:
     1 udgāraḥ;
     2 utkṣepaḥ.
     II That which is exhaled: perh. udgāraḥ, N.

EXHALE:
     1 udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.), to e. a smell: parimalam udgirati, Me.;
     2 utkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (= to throw up): v. To emit.

EXHAUST (v.):
     I To empty: q. v.: śūnyīkaroti.
     II To dry up: q. v.: śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ).
     III To consume: kṣayaṃ or parikṣayaṃ karoti.
     IV To weary: khedayati (c. of khid).

EXHAUSTION:
     I Emptying:
     1 śūnyīkaraṇam;
     2 riktīkaraṇam.
     II Drying up: śoṣaṇam vi- ut-.
     III Consumption: kṣayaḥ pari-.
     IV Fatigue: q. v.: khedaḥ. v. Dejection: avasādaḥ.

EXHAUSTIVE: kṣayin (f. ṇī), pari-.

EXHAUSTLESS: akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Inexhaustible.

EXHIBIT:
     1 darśayati pra- ut-, (c. of dṛś): v. To shew;
     2 prakaṭayati (nomi.) or prakaṭīkaroti, discharged the magician who had e. ed skill: prakaṭīkṛtapāṭavaṃ vidyeśvaraṃ visasarja, D.;
     3 vyañjayati (c. of añj), e. ing your good fortune: saumāgyaṃ te vyañjayantī, Me.

EXHIBIT (subs.): nidarśanam (?).

EXHIBITION:
     I Display:
     1 darśanam pra-,
     2 prakaṭīkaraṇam.
     II A show: pradarśanī (?).
     III A scholarship: vṛttiḥ, (or fully) chātravṛttiḥ.

EXHIBITIONER:
     1 vṛttibhuj (mfn.);
     2 chātravṛttibhogin (f. ).

EXHILARATE: ullāsayati (c. of las): v. To cheer, delight.

EXHILARATING (adj.):
     1 ullāsin (f. ), sam-;
     2 ullāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

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EXHILARATION: ullāsaḥ: v. Cheerfulness, delight.

EXHORT (v.): protsāhayati (c. of sah): v. To incite, advise.

EXHORTATION: protsāhaḥ -nam: v. Incitement, advice.

EXHORTATIVE, EXHORTATORY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 protsāhaka (f. hikā).

EXHORTER: protsāhakaḥ: v. Inciter, adviser.

EXHUMATION: utkhananam: e. of a corpse: śavotkhananam.

EXHUME (v.): utkhanati pra-, (khan, c. 1.).

EXIGENCE, EXIGENCY: e. of business: kāryagauravam; "in the present e. of affairs:" vartamāne kāryasaṃkaṭe; in this e.: asmin kṛcche: v. Urgency, importance, crisis.

EXIGENT (adj.): gurutaraḥ (rā raṃ) (= very important).

EXILE (subs.):
     I Banishment: q. v.: nirvāsanam.
     II The person e. d: nirvāsitaḥ or vivāsitaḥ or pravrājitaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXILE (v.): nirvāsayati (c. of vas): v. To banish.

EXIST:
     I To be: q. v.: asti (as, c. 2.), everybody would believe that he does not e.: sarvo loko nāyamastīti pratīyāt, S.;
     2 vartate (vṛt, c. 1.), H.
     II To live, remain: q. v.: tiṣṭhati ava-, (sthā, c. 1.).

EXISTENCE:
     1 astitvam (as opposed to non-e.), e. of God: brahmāstitvam, S.;
     2 avasthānam or sthitiḥ (= continuance), birth, e. and destruction: janmasthitināśāḥ, S.;
     3 jīvanam (= life: q. v.).

EXISTENT: vartamānaḥ (nā naṃ). To be e.: v. To exist.

EXIT:
     1 niṣkramaḥ;
     2 nirgamaḥ;
     3 niryāṇam. E. (in drama) niṣkrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ). Exeunt (pl.) or e. omnes: niṣkrāntāḥ sarve, Y.

EXODUS:
     1 niryāṇam, e. of the Jews: *ihudīnāṃ niryāṇam;
     2 nirgamaḥ -ṇam.

EXONERATE: śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To exculpate.

EXORABLE:
     1 anuneyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 prasādanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 or by circumlo., he is e.: sa anunayaṃ gṛhṇāti or prasādayituṃ śakyaḥ.

EXORBITANCE, EXORBITANCY: v. Excess, enormity, extravagance.

EXORBITANT: atyadhikaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Excessive, extravagant.

EXORBITANTLY: atyadhikam: v. Excessively.

EXORCISE:
     1 bhūtaṃ dūrīkaroti;
     2 bhūtāveśāt mocayati (muc, c. 10.).

EXORCISM: bhūtāpasāraṇam; bhūtapratiṣedhaḥ.

EXORDIUM: mukhabandhaḥ: v. Preface.

EXOTERIC: sādhāraṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ) (?).

EXOTIC: videśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= foreign: q. v.).

EXPAND (v. t.): prasārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To spread, extend, open.

EXPAND (v. i.): prasarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To spread, extend.

EXPANSE: prasaraḥ: v. Extent. Ph.: in the e. of heaven: vitatanamasi.

EXPANSION: prasāraḥ or prasaraḥ: v. Extension, space.

EXPANSIVE:
     1 prasārin (f. ṇī);
     2 prasarpin (f. ṇī): v. Also diffusive.

EXPATIATE:
     I To rove: q. v.
     II To enlarge: q.v.: prapañcayati (pañc, c. 10.).

EXPATRIATE: svarāṣṭrādvipravāsayati (c. of vas), Y.: v. To banish.

EXPATRIATION: svarāṣṭrādvipravāsanam: v. Banishment.

EXPECT:
     1 utpaśyati (dṛś, c. 1.) (= to look forward), e. ing the fierce fall of the lion: utpaśyataḥ siṃhanipātamugram, R.;
     2 utprekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1) (= 1), M. n.;
     3 tarkayati (tark, c. 10.) (=to fancy: q. v.);
     4 sambhāvayati (c. of bhū) (= to believe: q. v.);
     5 pratīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.) (= to wait for: q. v.).

EXPECTABLE: utprekṣya (f. kṣyā) or utprekṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. To expect.

EXPECTANCE, EXPECTANCY:
     I Expectation: q. v.
     II Hope: āśā.

EXPECTANT: utprekṣakaḥ: v. Candidate.

EXPECTATION:
     I The act: expr. by verb, I was in e. of it: tadahamudapaśyam.
     II Hope: q. v.: āśā, it is beyond our e.s: āśātītametat.
     III Promise: q. v.

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EXPECTORATE: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.): v. To spit.

EXPECTORATION: udgāraḥ: v. Spittle.

EXPEDIENCY:
     I Fitness: q. v.: yuktatā.
     II Selfinterest: q. v.

EXPEDIENT (adj.): ucitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Fit, proper.

EXPEDIENT (subs.): upāyaḥ: v. Means, shift.

EXPEDITE:
     I To hasten: q. v.: tvarayati (c. of tvar).
     II To despakS: q. v.: visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.).

EXPEDITION:
     I Haste: q. v.: tvarā.
     II Departure: q. v.: yātrā.: v. Attack.

EXPEDITIOUS: tvarānvitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Quick.

EXPEDITIOUSLY: tvaritam: v. Speedily, hastily.

EXPEL: nirasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To banish, drive away.

EXPENED: vyayate (vyay, c. 1.) or vyayaṃ karoti: v. To spend.

EXPENDITURE: vyayaḥ, heads of e. increased: vyayamukhānyavarddhanta, D. viii.

EXPENSE: vyayaḥ pari-, e. s connected with commodities: vyayaḥ paṇyasamudbhavaḥ, Y.; and who have e. s and no income: nirāyā vyayavantaśca, Y.; at the e. of food: bhaktavyayena, K. b.

EXPENSELESS:
     1 vyayarahitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vyayaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ); etc.

EXPENSIVE:
     I Dear: q. v.: bahumūlyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ).
     II Requiring expense: expr. by circumlo, living here is e.: atra jīvanaṃ bahuvyayasādhyam.
     III Lavish: bahuvyayin (f. ).

EXPENSIVELY:
     1 bahuvyayena;
     2 mahatā vyayena: v. Dearly.

EXPENSIVENESS:
     I Lit.: expr. by circumlo: v. Expensive (II).
     II Costliness: q. v.: bahumūlyatā.
     III Extravagance: bahuvyayitā.

EXPERIENCE (subs.):
     I Knowledge: q. v.: anubhavaḥ.
     II Practical wisdom: bahudarśitā.

EXPERIENCE (v.).
     I Lit.: anubhavati (bhū, c. 1.), to e. pain: vedanāmanubhavati, Ki.
     II To exercise: q. v.

EXPERIENCED (adj.): i. e. wise:
     1 bahudarśin (f. );
     2 bahudṛśvan (mfn.)
     3 paridṛṣṭakāryaḥ (ryā ryaṃ) (in work), B.

EXPERIMENT (subs.): *saṃparīkṣā (?): v. Trial.

EXPERIMENT (v.): saṃparīkṣate (īkṣa, c. 1.).

EXPERIMENTAL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp. or adv.
     II Experimented: q. v.

EXPERIMENTALLY: saṃparīkṣya; bahudarśanena (= by experiment).

EXPERT:
     1 dakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ);
     2 pravīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     3 kṛtin (f. ): v. Able, skilful, dexte ous.

EXPERTLY: prāvīṇyena: v. Skilfully, dexterously.

EXPERTNESS:
     1 dākṣyam;
     2 prāvīṇyam: v. Skill, dexterity.

EXPIABLE: mārjanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

EXPIATE:
     1 śodhayati (c. of śudh) (= to clear: q. v.);
     2 mārjayati (mṛj, c. 10.); (= to efface: q. v.);
     3 punāti (, c. 9.) (= to purify), Brahmins' sins are e. d by sacrifices: homairdvijātayaḥ pāpebhya: pūyante, V. s.;
     4 prāyaścittaṃ karoti carati (car, c. 1.), etc. (= to perform expiation), I will e. your transgression: vyatikramādvaḥ prāyaścittaṃ cariṣyāmi, Vi.

EXPIATION:
     I The act:
     1 śodhanam;
     2 mārjanam;
     3 pābanam; At.
     II The means:
     1 prāyaścittam;
     1 prāyaścetanam, Vi.

EXPIATORY: pāvanaḥ (nī naṃ), e. rite: pāvano vidhiḥ, Pa. Ph.: e. ceremony: prāyaścittam.

EXPIRATION:
     I Death, end: q. v.: uparamaḥ.
     II Cessation: q. v.: uparamaḥ.
     III Emission: q. v.: udgāraḥ.
     IV Breathing out: niḥśvasanam.

EXPIRE (v. i.): uparamati (ram, c. 1.): v. To die, cease.

EXPIRE (v. t.):
     I To breathe out: niḥśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.).
     II To emit: q. v.: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.).
     III To finish: q. v.

EXPIRING:
     I Dying: mriyamāṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Pertaining to e. time:
     1 maraṇakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 expr. by antakāle or avasānasamaye.

EXPIRY: v. Expiration. Ph.: on the e. of the lease: *atīte bhāṭakasamaye.

EXPLAIN (v. t.):
     1 vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.) (best equiv.), I will briefly e. these mantras: [etān] mantrān saṃkṣepato vyākhyāsyāmaḥ, Up.;
     2 vivṛṇoti, (vṛ, c. 5.), the meaning e. d by sages: munibhi-  -rvivṛtamartham, K. b.;
     3 sphuṭīkaroti (to make clear), (I) have already e. d its meaning: asyārthaḥ prāgeva sphuṭīkṛtaḥ, Sah.;
     4 spaṣṭīkaroti (3), this has been e. ed in another Smriti: spaṣṭīkṛtaścāyamarthaḥ smṛtyantare, Mit.;
     5 viśadīkaroti (= 3): let me e. the aphorisms: kārikāvalīṃ viśadīkaravāṇi, Par.;
     6 vyākaroti or kurute (kṛ, c. 8.), shew the bow, the gentle Rāma will e.: kārmukaṃ darśaya rāmabhadra eva vyākarotu, An.;
     7 vyācaṣṭe (cakṣa, c. 2.), e. s the three poems: kāvyatrayaṃ vyācaṣṭe, M. n.

EXPLAINABLE:
     1 vyākhayeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 sphuṭīkaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).

EXPLAINER:
     1 vyākhyātṛ (f. trī);
     2 sphuṭīkartṛ (f. rtrī), etc.

EXPLANATION:
     1 vyākhyā -nam; from the various e. s of former writers: bahuvidhapūrvanibandhṛvyākhyātaḥ, Da.;
     2 vivṛtiḥ (= exposition), in the e. of Manu's sayings: manūktavivṛtau, K. b.: v. To explain.

EXPLANATORY: Ph.: e. notes: vyākhyāna- or arthavyañjakaṭīkā.

EXPLETIVE (subs.): i. e. e. word: pādapūrakaśabdaḥ.

EXPLICABLE:
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 vyākhayeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

EXPLICATE (v.):
     1 vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.);
     2 vyañjayati (c. of vyañj), Gan.: v. To explain.

EXPLICATION: vivṛtiḥ: v. Explanation.

EXPLICIT:
     1 spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ): v. Clear.

EXPLICITLY:
     1 spaṣṭam vi-;
     2 sphuṭam pari-.

EXPLICITNESS:
     1 spaṣṭatā vi-;
     2 sphuṭatā pari-, Ki. iii. 27.

EXPLODE (v. i.): mahāśabdena vidīryate (pass. of dṝ) or sphuṭati (sphuṭ, c. 6.) (?).

EXPLODED (adj.): i. e. rejected:
     1 nirasta (f. stā);
     2 dūrīkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXPLOIT:
     1 avadānam;
     2 adbhutaṃ karman (n.), Vi.

EXPLORATION: gaveṣaṇā: v. Search.

EXPLORE: gaveṣayati (gaveṣ, c. 10.): v. To search.

EXPLORER: gaveṣakaḥ: v. Searcher.

EXPLOSION:
     1 saśabdasphoṭanam (?);
     2 by verb.

EXPLOSIVE: svayaṃ vidī(śī)ryamāṇa (f. ṇā) (?); svayaṃ sphuṭat (f. ) (?).

EXPORT (v. t.):
     1 videśam or deśāntaram nayati (, c. 1.) (= to take), grain should not be e. ed during famine: durbhikṣe dhānyaṃ deśāntaraṃ na neyam, K. b.;
     2 videśe or deśāntare prerayati (īr, c. 10.) (= to send);
     3 nirharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (rare), to e. contraband (articles): pratiṣiddhāni nirharati, M.

EXPORTATION:
     1 videśanayanam;
     2 videśe nayanam;
     3 nirgamaḥ, M.

EXPORTS (subs.): deśāntaranītāni dravyāṇi; nirhṛtadravyāṇi (?).

EXPOSE (v.):
     I To lay out, disclose: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), you have e. d your heart from rapture: tvayātiharṣādvivṛto'ntarātmā, B.
     II To explain: q. v.: vivṛṇoti.
     III To shew: q. v.: darśayati (c. of dṛś).
     IV To put: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.). v. To e. a child: apavidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.) D. iv.

EXPOSITION:
     1 vivṛti:
     2 vyākhyā (= explanation: q. v.).

EXPOSITOR: vivṛtikāraḥ: v. Explainer.

EXPOSITORY: Ph.: e. index: sūcipatram.

EXPOSTULATE: tarkayati (tark, c. 10.): v. To remonstrate, reason.

EXPOSTULATION: viruddhatarkaḥ: v. Remonstrance, dissuasion.

EXPOSTULATORY: viruddhatarkamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

EXPOSURE:
     I Disclosure: vivṛtiḥ.
     II Shewing: pradarśanam. Ph.: e. in the sun: ātapalaṅghanam, Sa.: northern e.: uttarābhimukhatā.

EXPOUND (v.): vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), it has been e. ed in Tatvakaumudi: vivṛtaṃ tattvakaumudyām, D. s.: v. To explain.

EXPOUNDER: vivṛtikāraḥ: v. Explainer.

EXPRESS (v. t.):
     I To press out of:
     1 niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.);
     2 niṣpīḍya gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To indicate, exhibit: q. v.: vyanakti (añj, c. 7.), your interview e. es worthiness: bhavadīyadarśanaṃ yogyatāṃ vyanakti, Si.; or it e. es "you are saying false": athavā mithyā vadasīti vyajyate, Kav.
     III To denote: q. v.: vakti (vac, c. 2.), here the word beast is intended to e. illiberal: atra jantupadamadātaryarthe vivakṣitam, Kav.
     IV To declare, speak: q. v.: vakti, what he was about to e.: vivakṣitāṃ giram, Si.
     V To send: q. v.: visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.).
     VI To represent: q. v.

EXPRESS (adj.):
     I Explict, plain: q. v.: spaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     II Special: viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), e. messenger: viśiṣṭavārtāvāhakaḥ.

EXPRESS (subs.):
     I A courier: jaṅghākarikaḥ.
     II An e. train: *viśiṣṭayānāvaliḥ.

EXPRESSIBLE:
     I What can be declared:
     1 kathanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 ākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II What can be squeezed: niṣkarṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

EXPRESSION:
     I Pressing out:
     1 niṣkarṣaṇam;
     2 niṣpīḍya grahaṇam.
     II Declaration:
     1 kathanam;
     2 sthāpanam.
     III Significance: indication: vyañjanam.
     IV Look: q. v.
     V Phrase: vākyam, here the fault is of e.: atra vākyasyaiva doṣaḥ, Kav.
     VI In arith: rāśiḥ.

EXPRESSIVE:
     I Lit.:
     1 vyañjakaḥ (f. ñjikā) (= indicative), e. of shame: vrīḍāvyañjakaḥ, Kav.;
     2 vācakaḥ (f. cikā) (= denoting), day is not e. of light: dinamiti prakāśamayamittharthe'vācakam, Kav.
     II Significant: q. v. arthavat (f. ).

EXPRESSIVENESS:
     1 vyañjakatā;
     2 vācakatvam;
     3 arthavattā: v. Above.

EXPRESSLY:
     1 spaṣṭam;
     2 bhinnārtham: v. Explicitly, plainly.

EXPUGN: vijayate (ji, c. 1.): v. To conquer.

EXPUGNER: jetṛ (f. trī) vi-: v. Conqueror.

EXPULSION:
     1 nirasanam;
     2 niḥsāraṇam;
     3 nirvāsanam.

EXPULSIVE:
     1 niḥsārin (f. ṇī);
     2 by comp., e. power: nirasanaśaktiḥ.

EXPUNGE: unmārṣṭi or mārjayati (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.): v. To blot out, erase.

EXPURGATE: punāti (, c. 9.): v. To purge, purify.

EXPURGATORY: pāvanaḥ (nī naṃ). Ph.: e. index: *niṣiddhapustakanāmāvaliḥ.

EXQUISITE (adj.):
     I Excellent: atyuttamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Most delightful: atiramyaḥ (myā myaṃ); manohārin (f. ṇī): v. Delightful, charming.
     III Extreme: q. v.: paramaḥ (mā maṃ).

EXQUISITELY: expr. by adj.: v. Also extremely; well.

EXQUISITENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 atyuttamatā;
     2 atiramaṇīyatā; etc.
     II Extremity: expr. by paramaḥ (mā maṃ).
     III Sharpness: tīvratā.

EXSICCATE: śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ): v. To dry.

EXSICCATION: śoṣaḥ or śoṣaṇam ut- vi- pari- saṃ-.

EXSICCATIVE:
     1 śoṣin (f. ṇī), vi- pari-;
     2 viśoṣaṇa (f. ṇī).

EXTANT:
     I Protruded: bahirgataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Not lost: vidyamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

EXTASY, EXTATIC: v. Ecstasy, ecstatic.

EXTEMPORANEOUS, EXTEMPORARY:
     1 tatkṣaṇakalpitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?);
     2 tatkṣaṇavihitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?);
     3 tatkālakṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

EXTEMPORE (adv.): expr. by adj., delivered an address e.: *tatkṣaṇavihitāṃ vaktṛtāmudīrayāmāsa.

EXTEND (v. t.):
     1 vistārayati (stṝ, c. 10.), amassing fame, e. ing excellencies: upacinvan yaśaḥ vistārayan guṇān, K.;
     2 tanoti vi- pra-, (tan, c. 8.), to e. fame: yaśastanoti, Ki.;
     3 prasārayati (c. of sṛ) (= to stretch), who would e. (his) hand: kaḥ karaṃ prasārayet, Ku.

EXTEND (v. i.):
     1 vistīryate (pass. of stṝ);
     2 vitanyate (pass. of tan);
     3 vistṛtaḥ or vitataḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati: v. To spread, increase.

EXTENDIBLE, EXTENSIBLE, EXTENSILE:
     1 vistāraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vistārakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     3 by circumlo.

EXTENSION:
     1 vistāraḥ (best equiv.);
     2 vistīrṇatā;
     3 vistṛtiḥ;
     4 vitatiḥ;
     5 pratatiḥ;
     6 vistaraḥ.

EXTENSIVE: vistīrṇa (f. rṇā), the sea-garmented (earth) is e.: vistīrṇeyamarṇavāmbarā, D.; news of Kusumapura is e.: vistīrṇaḥ kusumapuravṛttāntaḥ, Ku: v. Large, wide.

EXTENSIVELY:
     1 vistīrṇam;
     2 vistareṇa;
     3 vistaraśaḥ.

EXTENSIVENESS: vistīrṇatā: v. Largeness, wideness.

EXTENT: vistāraḥ, a Yojana in e.: yojanavistāraḥ (rā raṃ). Ph.: to a great e.: atimātram: v. Exceedingly; to such an e.: etāvat: v. Much, so; to a slight e.: īṣat: v. Little.

EXTENUATE (v. t.):
     I To thin: q. v.: karśayati (c. of kṛś).
     II To palliate, to degrade: q. v.: laghayati (nomi.).

EXTENUATION: laghūkaraṇam: v. Palliation, mitigation.

EXTERIOR (adj.): bahiḥ in comp.: v. External, outer.

EXTERIOR (subs.):
     1 bahir (ind.), like (your) e.: bahiriva, Gi. viii. 7; charming only in the e.: bahireva manoharāḥ, H.;
     2 bahirbhāgaḥ.

EXTERMINATE: ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To extirpate, eradicate.

EXTERMINATION: ucchedaḥ sam-: v. Extirpation, eradication.

EXTERMINATOR:
     1 ucchedaka (f. dikā), sam-;
     2 unmūlayitṛ (f. trī) sam-;
     3 uddhatṛ (f. trī), sam;
     4 vidhvaṃsin (f. );
     5 antakṛt (mfn.).

EXTERNAL (adj.):
     1 bahiḥ (in comp.), removeing e. and internal dirt: bahirantarmalamuṣ (mfn.), An.;
     2 bāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ), e. objects: bāhyaviṣayāḥ S. p. b.

EXTERNALLY:
     1 bahiḥ, e. sweet, but internally disagreeable: madhuraṃ bahirantarapriyam, Si.; not only internally but also e.: na kevalamantarbahirapi, K.;
     2 bāhyataḥ (rare).

EXTINCT (adj.):
     I At an end:
     1 ucchinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 saṃsthitaḥ (tā taṃ), to be e.: saṃsthāṃ prāpnoti, V. p.: v. Also end.
     II Extinguished:
     1 śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     2 nirvātaḥ (tā taṃ).

EXTINCTION:
     I Putting out: nirvāṇam.
     II Destruction: q. v.: ucchedaḥ, e. of Kshatriyas: kṣatriyocchedaḥ,
     VI iv.

EXTINGUISH:
     I To put out: q. v.: nirvāpayati (c. of ), I will e. the fire of bereavement by quitting life: dehamutsṛjya virahāgniṃ nirvāpayāmi, Va.
     II To destroy: q. v.: ucchinakti (chid, c. 7.).

EXTINGUISHED, BE: I. To go out: q. v.: nirvāti (, c. 2.), these fires are not yet e.: nirvāntyadyāpi naite havyavāhāḥ, Mu.
     II To be destroyed: q. v.: expr. by ucchinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

EXTINGUISHABLE:
     I Of lights: nirvāpya (f. pyā).
     II Fig.: ucchedya (f. dyā).

EXTINGUISHER: of a lamp: *dīpanirvāpakaḥ.

EXTINGUISHMENT: v. Extinction.

EXTIRPATE:
     1 unmūlayati sam- (mūl, c. 10.), and all the Nandas have been e. d: nandāśconmūlitāḥ sarve, Mu.;
     2 ucchinatti sam-, (chid, c. 7.), to e. enemies: ripūnucchinatti, R.;
     3 utsādayati (c. of sad), e. ing thorns: utsādayan kaṇṭakān, K.

EXTIRPATION:
     1 unmūlanam;
     2 ucchedaḥ sam-;
     3 utsādanam.

EXTOL (v.):
     I To raise up: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     II To praise: q. v.: kīrtayati (kṝt, c. 10.), especially to those whe e. d the excellencies of Damayantī: viśiṣya bhaimīguṇakīrtanakṛtām, N.

EXTORT (v. t.): niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.), to e. a confession: *pratipattiṃ niṣkarṣati; to e. money: arthaṃ niṣkarṣati, R.

EXTORTION: niṣkarṣaḥ -ṇam e. of money: *arthaniṣkarṣaḥ.

EXTORTER, EXTORTIONER: niṣkarṣaka (f. ṣikā (?).

EXTRA:
     I Adj.: atiriktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Subs.: atiriktam.
     III Prep.: v. Beyond, exceeding.

EXTRACT (v.):
     1 nir-karṣati ut-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.), to e. an oil: tailaṃ niṣkarṣati;
     2 nir-harati -te ut-; (hṛ, c. 1.), will e. the thorn of infamy: ayaśaḥśalyamuddhare, Ki. To e. a root (in arith.): mūlaṃ nirdhārayati.

EXTRACT (subs.):
     I That which is e. ed: expr. by verb.
     II Essence:
     1 rasaḥ;
     2 niryāsaḥ;
     3 niryūhaḥ.
     III A citation, quotation: expr. by uddhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Descent: q. v.

EXTRACTION:
     I The act:
     1 niṣkarṣaḥ or utkarṣaḥ -ṇam;
     2 nirhāraḥ or nirharaṇam;
     3 uddharaṇam.
     II Lineage, descent: q. v.: Ph.: e. of roots (in arith.): mūlanirddhāraṇam.

EXTRAFORANEOUS: perh. simply bahiḥ in comp.

EXTRAJUDICIAL: vyavahārabahirbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?); vyavahārabāhya (f. hyā) (?).

EXTRAMUNDANE: alaukikaḥ (kī kaṃ); apārthivaḥ (vī vaṃ).

EXTRAMURAL: bhittibahirbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

EXTRANEOUS: bāhya (f. hyā): v. External, foreign.

EXTRAORDINARILY:
     1 asādhāraṇyena;
     2 apūrvam.

EXTRAORDINARINESS:
     1 asādhāraṇyam;
     2 asāmānyatā.

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EXTRAORDINARY:
     1 asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī);
     2 asāmānya (f. nyā);
     3 alokasāmānya (f. nyā), Ku.

EXTRAVAGANCE:
     I In expenditure: ativyayaḥ or mahān vyayaḥ, began to enjoy with e.: mahatāvyayenopabhoktumārabdhavān, Mu.
     II Of expression: atiśayoktiḥ, Kav.
     III Excess: q.v.
     IV Wandering beyond proper limits: vyabhicāraḥ (lit. and fig.).

EXTRAVAGANT:
     I Prodigal: q.v.: ativyayin (f. ). II: Unrestrained: Ph.: e. conduct: vyabhicāraḥ, e. language: atiśayoktiḥ.
     III Erring: vyabhicārin (f. ṇī).

EXTRAVAGANTLY:
     I Prodigally:
     1 ativyayena;
     2 mahatā vyayena.
     II Wildly, excessively: q.v.

EXTRAVAGANZA: udbhrāntagītam.

EXTRAVASATED: nāḍinirgataḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comp.s.

EXTRAVASATION: Ph.: e. of blood: raktanirgamaḥ: v. Effusion.

EXTREME (adj.):
     I Greatest:
     1 paraḥ (rā raṃ), possessed of e. faith: śraddhayā parayopetaḥ, G.;
     2 paramaḥ (mā yaṃ), e. gain: paramo lābhaḥ, Ki.;
     3 niratiśayaḥ (yā yaṃ), e. joy: niratiśayānandaḥ, D.s.;
     4 ekāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), e. coldness: ekāntaśaityam, Ku.
     II Outermost: paraḥ (rā raṃ), e. limit parā kāṣṭhā, Ku.
     III Last: q.v.

EXTREME (subs.): parā koṭiḥ: v. Acme, end. Ph.: gone to the e.: atibhūmiṃ gataḥ, K.

EXTREMELY:
     1 param, was e. pleased: paramahṛṣyat, D.;
     2 paramam;
     3 niratiśayam;
     4 ekāntam or ekāntataḥ.

EXTREMITY:
     I Highest degree: parā koṭiḥ: v. Acme.
     II End: q.v.: antaḥ, e. of nail: nakhāntaḥ, At.
     III Utmost limit: avadhiḥ, e. of the delightful: āhlādanīyānāmavadhiḥ, K.
     IV Greatest need: atikṛcchram or mahat kṛcchram.

EXTRICABLE:
     1 uddharaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), sam-;
     2 mocya (f. cyā), vi- pari-.

EXTRICATE:
     1 uddharati sam-, to e. one's self: ātmānamuddharati, V. c.;
     2 mocayati (muc, c. 10.) (= to free: q.v.); tārayati (c. of tṝ) (=to save: q.v.).

EXTRICATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 uddhāraḥ sam-;
     2 uddharaṇam sam-;
     3 mokṣaḥ -ṇam: v. Deliverance.
     II Emission: q.v.

EXTRINSIC, -AL: bāhyaḥ (hyā hyaṃ): v. External.

EXTRUDE: niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To expel, thrust out.

EXUBERANCE: prācuryam: v. Abundance, excess. Ph.: in e. of joy: harṣanirbharaḥ (rā raṃ), K.

EXUBERANT: pracuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Abundant, excessive.

EXUBERANTLY: pracuram: v. Abundantly, excessively.

EXUDATION:
     I The act:
     1 udgāraḥ;
     2 niṣṭhīvanam.
     II Flow: q.v.
     III What is exuded:
     1 niryāsaḥ;
     2 niryūhaḥ;
     3 rasaḥ.

EXUDE (v.):
     I Trans.:
     1 udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.);
     2 nirasyati (as, c. 4.);
     3 niṣṭhīvati (ṣṭhīv, c. 1.), some e.d lac.: kenacillākṣāraso niṣṭhyūtaḥ, Sa.
     II Intrans.: sravati (sru, c. 1.): v. To flow.

EXULT (v.):
     1 utsiñcati -te (siñc, c. 6.) (often in bad sense), his mind did not e.: na tasyotsiṣice manaḥ, R.;
     2 pramodate (mud, c. 1.), we eagerly e.: vyaṃ vyagrāḥ pramodāmahe, Vi.

EXULTANT:
     1 utsiktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), of the e. ascetic: utsiktasya taponidheḥ, Vi.
     2 pramuditaḥ (tā taṃ), the e. party of the bridegroom: pramuditavarapakṣaḥ, R.

EXULTATION:
     1 utsekaḥ;
     2 pramodaḥ: v. Rapture.

EXULTINGLY:
     1 sotsekam;
     2 sollāsam;
     3 pramodanirmaram.

EXUSTION:
     1 nirdāhaḥ;
     2 nirdahanam: v. To burn up.

EYE (subs.):
     1 cakṣuḥ, have divine e.s in seeing others' fault: paradoṣekṣaṇadivyacakṣuṣaḥ, Si.; where a king places his e.: yasmin pārthivaścakṣurāropayati, P.;
     2 locanam vi-, shut the e.s never to open again (i.e. died): apunarunmīlanāya nimimīla locane, C.; pass with e.s shut: locane mīlayitvā gamaya, Me.;
     3 netram, the observed of hundreds of e.s: netraśataikalakṣyaḥ (kṣyā kṣyaṃ), R.;
     4 nayanam, his e. fell on her e.s: asya tasyā nayanayugale nipapāta cakṣuḥ, K.;
     5 akṣi (n.), the thousand-e.d. (Indra): sahasrākṣaḥ; the external coat of the e.: akṣṇayorbāhya paṭalam, Bha.;
     6 dṛś (f), all the fine -e.d (companions) drunk him with (their) e.s: amuṃ dṛśā papustāḥ sudṛśaḥ samastāḥ, N. Blind of one e.: kāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ). The outer corner of the e.:
     1 apāṅgaḥ;
     2 nayanopāntaḥ. Before the e.s of:
     1 samakṣaṃ or pratyakṣam (with gen. or abso.), before the e.s of kings: pratyakṣaṃ kṣmāpatīnām, Ve.;
     2 by gen. or loc. of paśyat (f. ntī) before my e.s: paśyato me or paśyati mayi.

EYE (v.): nirīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To see.

EYE-BALL:
     1 tārā or tārakā;
     2 kanīnikā.

EYE-BROW: bhrūḥ or bhrūlatā. A girl with beautiful e.: subhrūḥ. A face with black, smooth, gracefully arched e.s: anuvakranīlasnigdhabhrūlatamānanam, D. vi.

EYE-DROP:
     1 nayanajalabinduḥ, K.;
     2 nayanasalilam, Me.;
     3 nayanāmbu (n.), Ki.;
     4 aśrubinduḥ, D.: v. Tear.

EYE-GLASS: upanetram; upalocanam.

EYE-LASH: pakṣman (n.), eyes with raised e.s: utpakṣmarājīni vilocanāni, R. xiii. 25.

EYELET, EYELET-HOLE: chidram: v. Aperture.

EYELID:
     1 netracchadaḥ;
     2 nayanacchadaḥ.

EYE-PIECE: *netrakhaṇḍam: v. Lens.

EYE-SALVE: añjanam netrāñjanam; etc.: v. Ointment.

EYE-SERVICE: pratyakṣasevā; pratyakṣaśuśrūṣā.

EYE-SHOT, EYE-REACH: cakṣurviṣayaḥ, and sim. comp.s, when they were out of e.: cakṣurviṣayamatikrānteṣu teṣu, H.i.

EYE-SIGHT: dṛṣṭiḥ, my e. cannot decipher these letters: nātra me varṇavibhāvanasahā dṛṣṭiḥ, V.: v. Sight.

EYE-SORE:
     1 cakṣuḥśūlam;
     2 akṣigataḥ (tā taṃ), I am his e.: akṣigato'hamasya, D.

EYE-WITNESS:
     1 pratyakṣasākṣin (f. ṇī) (after M.);
     2 pratyakṣadraṣṭṛ (f. ṣṭrī), etc.

EYRE: paribhramaṇam: v. Circuit.

EYRIE, EYRY: kulāyaḥ: v. Nest.


FABIAN (adj.): *phābīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); dīrghasūtraḥ (trā traṃ).

FABLE:
     II Lit.: kathā: v. Story.
     II Falsehood: q.v.

FABRIC:
     I Texture: q.v.
     II Edifice: q.v.: bhavanam.
     III Cloth: q.v.: paṭṭaḥ.

FABRICATE:
     I To build, produce: q.v.: racayati (rac, c. 10.).
     II To invent: sṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.): v. Counterfeit; false.

FABRICATION:
     I Construction, manufacture: q.v.: racanā vi-.
     II Falsehood: this is a f.: alīkametat: v. False, counterfeit.

FABRICATOR: racayitṛ (m.): v. Maker.

FABULIST:
     1 kathākāraḥ (?);
     2 ākhyānakānāṃ kartā, K.;
     3 ākhyāyikākāraḥ, C.

FABULOUS:
     I Fictitious: q.v.
     II Related in fable: kathānibaddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ); ākhyānakīrtitaḥ (tā taṃ).

FACADE: mukham.

FACE (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 mukham, struck Yudhisṭhira on the f.: yudhiṣṭhiraṃ mukhe'hanam, Mah.: with a f. beautiful as the moon: indusundaramukhī, Ma.; how (we) will shew our f. to men: kathaṃ lokasya mukhaṃ drakṣyāmaḥ, Ana.; makes thousands of f. s: mukhabhaṅgisahasrāṇi kurute, K.; is it proper for a king to turn his f. from duty: kiṃ dharmaṃ prati vimukhatocitā rājhaḥ, Sa.; you have come before my f. (= eyes: v. Eye): matsammukhabhāgato'si, Ve.; the f.s of the quarters: diśāṃ mukhāni, N.;
     2 ānanam;
     3 vadanam;
     4 vaktram;
     5 āsyam. Ph.: in the f. of the Vedāntas: vedāntoṣu jāgarukeṣu, D.s.
     II In Geo.: pāśrvaḥ, K. d.: *mukham, having six f. s: ṣaṇmukhaḥ (khī khaṃ).

FACE (v.):
     I To confront:
     1 sammukhayati (nomi.);
     2 abhimukhayati (nomi.);
     3 sammukhī- or abhimukhībhavati (with gen.), made it f. me with difficulty: kathamapi madabhimukhamakarot, D.: v. To meet.
     II To front upon: expr. by mukha- or abhimukha- in comp., f. ing the east: pūrvamukha (f. khī); f. the north: uttaramukha (f. khī); f. ing Lakshmaṇa: lakṣaṇābhimukhaḥ, Ram.
     III To cover the f. of: v. To cover.

FACET.: as of a diamond: mukham.

FACETIOUS:
     I Merry, jocular: parihāsaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Exciting laughter: f. conversation: narmabhāṣitam, K.

FACETIOUSLY: parihāsapūrvakam: v. Merrily, gaily.

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FACILE:
     I Easy:
     1 sukaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 ayatnasādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ);
     3 anāyāsaniṣpādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ).
     II Easy to pass: sugamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     III Mild, affable: q.v.: mṛdu (f. dvī).

FACILITATE: expr. by adj., it will f. their union: anena samāgamastayorayatnasādhyaḥ.

FACILITY:
     I Ease: q.v.: saukaryam.
     II Dexterity: q.v.: lāghavam, shewing the f. of his hand: darśayan pāṇilāghavam, Ram.
     III Mildness, affability: mārdavam.

FACING (subs.): *mukhacchadaḥ.

FAC-SIMILE: pratirūpam (?).

FACT (subs.):
     I Reality, truth: q.v.: bhūtārthaḥ, it was speaking the f.: bhūtārthavyāhṛtiḥ sā hi, R.; why don't you represent the f.: kimarthaṃ bhūtārtho na nivedyate, Mr. ix.
     II An act, event: q.v.: vṛttam.

FACT, IN:
     1 vastutaḥ, but in f.: vastutastu, Da. com.;
     2 pratyuta, it is in f. (your) abuse: pratyuta sā tiraskriyā, Si.

FACTION:
     I A body of combatants: dalam.
     II A party: q.v.: dalam.
     III Discord: q.v.: bhedaḥ.

FACTIOUS:
     I Given to faction:
     1 kalahapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= quarrelsome),
     2 upajāpin (f. ) (=intriguing).
     II Belonging to a f.: expr. by comp. or gen.

FACTIOUSNESS:
     1 kalahapriyatā;
     2 upajāpitā.

FACTITIOUS: kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Artificial, unnatural.

FACTITIVE: Ph.: f. object: gauṇaṃ karman (n.).

FACTOR:
     I A manager, agent: q.v.
     II In arith: expr. by circumlo: two is a f. of ten: daśa dvābhyāṃ bhājyaḥ.

FACTORAGE: pāritoṣikam (= reward): v. Also commission.

FACTORY: *karmasthānam.

FACULTY:
     I Power: q.v.: śaktiḥ.
     II Authority: kṣamatā.
     III A body of men: samājaḥ, f. of medicine: *cikitsāsamājaḥ.

FADE (v.i.):
     I To decay, droop: q.v.: avasīdati (sad, c. 1.).
     II To lose freshness:
     1 mlāyati pari-, (mlai, c. 1.), with f. d beauty of faces: parimlānamukhaśriyām, Ku.;
     2 malinībhavati, the f. ing garland: mālāṃ malinībhavantīm, N.

FADE (v. t.):
     1 mlāpayati pari- (c. of mlai), fading the chaplet: vanamālāṃ mlāpayan, Si.;
     2 malinayati (nomi.) or malinīkaroti, Ki.

FAECES: avaskaraḥ: v. Excrement.

FAG (subs.): ceṭaḥ: v. Servant.

FAG (v. i.):
     I To druge: karma karoti.
     II To tire: khidyate (khid, c. 4.).

FAG (v. t.):
     1 āyāsayati (c. of yas);
     2 khedayati (c. of khid).

FAG-END: paryantaḥ: v. End, refuse.

FAGOT: kāṣṭhāni (n. pl.): v. Fuel.

FAIL (v.i.):
     I In gen.:
     1 sīdati ava- vi-, (sad, c. 1.), of f. ed eyesight: avasannadṛś (mfn.), R.: v. To depart, go; my limbs are f. ing: sīdanti mama gātrāṇi, G.: v. To sink, decay; with intellect not f. ing in exigencies: kāryasaṅkaṭeṣvaviṣaṇṇadhīḥ, K.: v. To break, become frustrated;
     2 avasyati (so, c. 4.), my strength f. s: śaktirmamāvasyati, Ki.
     II To be deficient: v. Deficient. F. of: hīnaḥ (nā naṃ), in comp.: v. Wanting, fall off.

FAIL (v.t.): v. To desert, disappoint.

FAIL (subs.): v. Failure. without f.: niyatam: Certainly.

FAILING (subs.):
     I Fault: q.v.: doṣaḥ.
     II In money-matters: avasādaḥ (?).

FAILURE:
     I Want, deficiency: q.v.: f. of rain: vṛṣṭyabhāvaḥ; f. of crops: śasyavipattiḥ, V. m.
     II Non-performance, miscarriage: bhaṅgaḥ, f. of a vow: vratabhaṅgaḥ, K.; which was the first f.: tatpūrvabhaṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ), R.
     III Decay, destruction: q.v.:
     1 avasādaḥ;
     2 lopaḥ, f. of memory: smṛtilopaḥ, Sa.,
     IV In business:
     1 avasādaḥ;
     2 parikṣīṇatā.

FAIN (adj.): spṛhayālu (mfn.): v. Glad, apt.

FAIN (adv.): sollāsam: v. Gladly.

FAINT (adj.):
     I Languid: avasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).
     II Cowardly, dejected: q.v.: dīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     III Feeble: q.v.: durbalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     IV Not distinct asphuṭaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also little.

FAINT (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 mūrchati (mūrch, c. 1.), f. ed away from the sudden fall of distress: sahasā duḥkhropanipātānmumūrccha, M. n.;
     2 mūrchāṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), moham eti (i, c. 2.), etc.
     II To vanish: q.v.: naśyati (naś, c. 4.).

FAINT-HEARTED: dīnamanas (mfn.): v. Dejected, coward.

FAINT-HEARTEDNESS: dīnamanaskatā: v. Dejection, cowardice.

FAINTING (subs.):
     1 mūrcchā;
     2 mohaḥ (ambiguous), given to f.: mohaparāyaṇā, Ku.;
     3 pralayaḥ (rare), the end of f.: pralayāntaḥ, Ku.

FAINTLY:
     1 īṣat (= little: q.v.);
     2 durbalam: (= feebly).

FAINTNESS:
     I Dejection, inactivity: q.v.: avasādaḥ.
     II Feeblness: q.v.: daurbalyam.
     III Dulness: māndyam.

FAIR (adj.):
     I Clear: q.v.: vimalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Beautiful: q.v.: sundaraḥ (rī raṃ). Ph.: the f. or f. sex: sundaryaḥ (f. pl.).
     III Frank, upright: q.v.: ṝju (mfn.).
     IV Of complexion: gauraḥ (rī raṃ) or gauravarṇa (f. rṇā). V. Favourable: q.v.
     VI Proper: q.v.: yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

FAIR (adv.):
     I Clearly: spaṣṭam.
     II Frankly: ṛju. Ph.: to bid f.: v. To promise: f. and square: v. Justly, honesly.

FAIR (subs.): melā, Fancy f.: *ruciramelā: v. Market.

FAIRING (subs.): melāmūlyam (?).

FAIRLY:
     I Expressly: q.v.: spaṣṭam.
     II Justly: q.v.: nyāyena.
     III Properly: q.v.: yathārham.

FAIRNESS:
     I Clearness: q.v.: vaimalyam (?).
     II Beauty: q.v.: saundaryam.
     III Honesty: q.v.: ārjavam.
     IV Distinctness: spaṣṭatā.

FAIR-SPOKEN: priyaṃvadaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Affable.

FAIRY:
     I Illusion: māyā.
     II A female spirit:
     1 apsaras (f.), "f. ring" *apsarīmaṇḍalam;
     2 surakāminī.: v. Also elf.

FAITH (subs.): śraddhā, being full of f. saluted the gods: śraddhāmayībhūya suparvaṇastān nanāma, N.: v. Belief. To have f. in: śraddadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (with loc.), having f. in gods: sureṣu śraddadhat (f. ), N.; he had f. in Rāma's prowess: sa pauruṣaṃ rāghave śraddadhe, R.

FAITH (interj.): satyam: v. Verily.

FAITHFUL:
     I Full of faith:
     1 śraddhālu (mfn.);
     2 śraddhāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Loyal: bhaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ). Ph.: a f. wife: pativratā nārī; a f. husband: patnīrataḥ pumān (?).
     III Not breaking promises: satyasandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ); satyapratijhaḥ (jhā jhaṃ), etc.
     IV Worthy of belief: viśvasanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or viśvāsya (f. syā).
     V True: yathārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ).

FAITHFULNESS:
     I Lit.: śraddhālutā.
     II Loyalty: bhaktiḥ.
     III Constancy: avyabhicāritā.
     IV Truth: yathārthatā.

FAITHLESS:
     I Lit.: aśraddadhānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 śraddhāhīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Treacherous: viśvāsaghātin (f. ).
     III Disloyal: bhaktihīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     IV Inconstant: vyamicārin (f. ṇī). v. Delusive: ayathārthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ).
     VI In promises: asatyasandha (f. ndhā); and sim. comp.s.

FAITHLESSLY: expr. by acc. sing. of adj. or ins. sing. of subs.

FAITHLESSNESS:
     I Lit.: aśraddhā.
     II Treachery: viśvāsaghātaḥ.
     III Disloyalty: abhaktiḥ.
     IV Inconstancy: vyabhicāritā.
     V Delusiveness: ayathārthatā.
     VI In promises:
     1 asatyasandhatā;
     2 pratijhābhaṅgaḥ, etc.

FALCATE, FALCATED: anuvakraḥ (krā kraṃ), D.

FALCHION: khaṅgaviśeṣaḥ v. Sword, scimitar.

FALCON: śyenaḥ.

FALCONER: śyenajīvin (f. ), M. iii. 169.

FALL (v.i.):
     I In gen.:
     1 patati ni-, (rarely pra- pari- vini- ā- saṃ-,) (pat, c. l.,) Putanā fell on the ground: papāta pūtanā bhūmau, v. p.; with the dress fell into the water: savāsāḥ prāpatajjale, Mah.; to fall on the knees: jānubhyāṃ (ins.) patati, Mah.; the glittering scimitar fell from his hand: jvalannasistasya papāta pāṇeḥ; Ki. xvii. 58.; rivers f. ing into the ocean: abhburāśiṃ patantīrnadīḥ, Si. iii. 75. (This use of pat is rare. Gen. expr. by praviśati, M. n. or upaiti, Mah. or prayāti, Ri., etc.); flower-rain fell from the sky: viyataḥ puṣpavarṣaṃ papāta, Vi.: v. Rain; we suddenly fell on Vindhyaketu: atarkitā eva vindhyaketorupari nipatitāḥ sma, Pri.: v. To assail, some rise and f.: ko'pyutthitaḥ patati, Mr.: v. To decline, the refuge of the f. en: patitaśaraṇyā, J.; something else has f. en there: anyat kimapyarthāntaraṃ tatra patitam, Ana. iv. v.: To happen; this kingdom had f. en into the hands of Vasantabhānu: vasantabhānorhaste rājyamidaṃ patitam, D.;
     2 bhraśyati -te or bhraṃśate pari-, (bhraṃś, c. 4. and 1.) (gen. in fig. senses), f. en on the ground: urvyāṃ bhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), R.; did not f. from truth: satyānnābhraśyata, R.;
     3 cyavate vi- pra- pari-, (cyu, c. 1.) (gen. fig.), has f. en from the top of the tree: taruśikharādasmātparicyutaḥ, K.; f. en from the path: pathaścyutaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki.
     II To cease: q.v.: śāmyati (śam, c. 4.), when the wind fell: vāte śamatāṃ gate, Mah.
     III To decrease: q.v.: hnāsamupaiti (i, c. 2.). Ph.: to f. asleep: v. Asleep; to fall calm, i.e. to become calm.: v. Calm; to f. foul: v. To attack; to f. short: nyūnībhavatiḥ v. Deficient.

FALL AWAY:
     I To pine: aṅgeṣu parihīyate (pass. of ), Sa.
     II To sink into wickedness: patatiḥ v. To fall.

FALL BACK:
     I To recede: q.v.
     II Not to fulfil: q.v.:
     1 bhraśyati;
     2 cyavate.

FALL DOWN:
     I Lit.: patati ni- ava-, as if the hot-rayed (sun) had f. en d. on the earth: nipatantamivoṣṇaraśimamurvyām, Ki.
     II To prostrate: q.v.

FALL IN:
     I To agree: q.v.
     II To comply: q.v.
     III To enter: q.v.

FALL IN WITH: āsādayati sam-, (c. of sad): v. To meet.

FALL OFF:
     1 bhraśyati, does not f. off or decay: na bhraśyati najīryati, Vi.; spirit f.s off: tejaḥ prabhraṃśameti, Ki.;
     2 cyavate;
     3 patatiḥ v. To fall.

FALL OUT:
     I To quarrel: q.v.
     II To happen: patati ā- ni- saṃ-.

FALL OVER:
     I Lit.: v. To fall.
     II To revolt: q.v.: the people of Tirhut have f. en o. Prahārvarman: prahāravarmaṇyadhi videhā jātāḥ, D.

FALL TO:
     I To begin: q.v.: prastauti (stu, c. 2.).
     II To apply: niviśate abhi-, (viś, c. 1.)

FALL UNDER:
     I To come under: to f. u. one's power: vaśameti, H.; v. To come.
     II To come within: expr. by antargataḥ (tā taṃ).

FALL (subs.):
     I The act of f. ing:
     1 pātaḥ ni-, f. of a mountain: giripātaḥ, V. p.;
     2 patanam ni- pra-, f. from a mountain: gireḥ patanam, H. i.;
     3 avapatanaṃ or avapātaḥ (= f. ing down);
     4 bhraṃśaḥ pra-, (rare);
     5 cyutiḥ pari- vi-, (rare). Ph.: coming out had a f. in front: niṣkramyāgre papāta ha, Mah.: v. To fall.
     II Death, destruction: q.v.: pātaḥ or patanam ni- vini-, how will Rāvaṇa brook the repeated f. of his men: kathamiva daśamukhaḥ bhūyobhūyaḥ svajanavinipātaṃ saheta, Vi.
     III Downfall, degradation: pātaḥ or patanam ava- ni- vini-, rise and f. of men: pātotpātā manuṣyāṇām, H.; even f.....is equivalent to rise: vinipāto'pi samaṃ samunnateḥ, Ki.
     IV Decrease: q.v.: hrāsaḥ, rise and f. of prices: arghasya vṛddhihrāsaḥ, Vy. V. Cadence: q.v.: pātaḥ.
     VI Declivity, slope: q.v. pātaḥ.
     VII Waterfall: prapātaḥ, the f. s of the great Koshi: mahākośīprapātaḥ, Ku.
     VIII A falling: pātaḥ, heavy f. of hail: tumulakarakāvṛṣṭipātaḥ, Me.
     IX Felling: pātaḥ -nam.

FALLACIOUS:
     1 bhramajananaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 mithyā in comp. (= false: q.v.).

FALLACIOUSLY:
     1 bhramaṃ janayat (f. ntī);
     2 vañcanārtham (= to deceive).

FALLACY:
     I Deception: q.v.: vañcanā.
     II Mistake: q.v.: bhramaḥ.
     III Logical:
     1 hetvābhāsaḥ, N. d.;
     2 bhrāntatarkaḥ.

FALLIBILITY:
     1 patanaśīlatā;
     2 bhrāntiḥ (?).

FALLIBLE:
     1 patanaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= erring).

FALLING-SICKNESS: apasmāraḥ: v. Epilepsy.

FALLOW (adj.):
     I Lit.: patitaḥ (tā taṃ) (land which lies) f. for three years is waste (land): trivarṣapatitaṃ khilam, Viv.: v. Untilled.
     II Pale red: pāṭalaḥ (lā laṃ).

FALLOW (subs.): patitabhūmiḥ.

FALLOW (v.):
     1 pātayati (c. of pat), f. ing land: kṣetraṃ pātayitvā, Viv.;
     2 vāhayati (c. of vah), to f. low land: nimnāṃ bhūmiṃ vāhayati, Pa.

FALLOW-DEER: hariṇaviśeṣaḥ: v. Deer.

FALSE (subs.):
     I Not true, not real:
     1 mithyā. in comp., f. reply: mithyottaram; to speak f.: mithyā vadati, M.;
     2 alīkaḥ (kā kaṃ), f. prowess alīkavikramaḥ, Pr. i.; f. Nala: alīkanalaḥ, N.;
     3 vitathaḥ (thā thaṃ), this proverb is f.: ayaṃ lokavādo vitathaḥ, Ve.;
     4 mṛṣā in comp., f. assertion: mṛṣāvādaḥ, K. b.;
     5 anṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), f. accusation: anṛtābhiyogaḥ, Si.;
     6 asatyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ).
     II Uttering falsehood: mithyāvādin (f. );
     2 anṛtagir (mfn.); and sim. comp.s.
     III Fictitious, counterfeit: q.v.: kūṭa in comp., f. measures of weight: kūṭatulāmānam, P.; f. evidence: kūṭasākṣyam, M. IV. Treacherous, unfaithful: q.v.: asatyasandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ), Sa.

FALSE (adv.): v. Falsely. F. -hearted: kapaṭahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

FALSEHOOD:
     I Want of truth:
     1 asatyatā;
     2 alīkatā;
     3 vaitathyam, how could f. take a footing in their speech: kathaṃ tādṛśānāṃ giri vaitathyamāspadaṃ kuryāt, K.
     II A lie: q.v.: anṛtam.
     III Deceit: q.v.: kaitavam, unaquainted with f.: anabhijhaḥ kaitavasya, Sa.

FALSELY:
     I Not truly:
     1 mithyā;
     2 mṛṣā, deposing f.: sākṣyaṃ mṛṣā bruvanḥ, Mit.;
     3 by adj. v. False.
     II Deceitfully: q.v.

FALSENESS:
     I Lit.: alīkatā: v. Falsehood (I).
     II Fictitiousness: kṛtrimatā.
     III Perfidy, deceitfulness: q.v.

FALSIFICATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 mithyākaraṇam;
     2 vitathīkaraṇam, etc.
     II Counterfeiting, f. of coins: kṛtrimamudrākaraṇam.

FALSIFIER:
     I Lit.: expr. by verb.
     II Counterfeiter: q.v.

FALSIFY (v.t.):
     I To couterfeit; forge.
     II To proove to be false:
     1 mithyākaroti vitathīkaroti, etc., if you f. your own saying: mithyākaroṣi cet svīyaṃ bhāṣitam, A. r.;
     2 anṛtaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti; you should not f. it: tattvayā nānṛtaṃ kāryam, V. p.

FALSIFY (v.i.):
     1 mithyā vadati;
     2 mṛṣā bravīti, etc.

FALSITY: v. Falseness.

FALTER:
     I Of speech: making them f. at every step: vacanāni skhalayan pade pade, Ku.; f. ing with tears: sāśrudgadam, D. ii.
     II To tremble: Ph.: with steps f. ing: skhalitābhirgatibhiḥ, Si. ix. 78.
     III To fail: q.v.

FALTERING, FALTERINGLY:
     1 skhaladgirā;
     2 gadgadavācā;
     3 gadgadagalodgacchadvilīnākṣaraḥ, J.

FAME:
     I Rumour: q.v.: kiṃvadantī.
     II Glory, renown:
     1 yaśas (n.), to acquire f.: yaśo'dhigantum, Ki;
     2 kīrti, of endless f.: anantakīrti (mfn.), R.: v. Renown.

FAMED: Celebrated, famous.

FAMILIAR (adj.):
     I Domestic: q.v.:
     II Acquainted with: q.v.:
     1 paricitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 abhijhaḥ (jhā jhaṃ).
     III Easy, accessible: ghaniṣṭhaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭhaṃ).

FAMILIAR (subs.): ciraparicitaḥ, D.: Friend.

FAMILIARITY:
     I Acquaintance: paricayaḥ.
     II Intimacy: ghaniṣṭhatā.

FAMILIARIZE:
     1 paricayaṃ karoti;
     2 abhyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To accustom.

FAMILIARLY:
     1 visrabdham;
     2 by circumlo.

FAMILY: kulam, this girl is the life of the f.: kanyeyaṃ kulajīvitam, Ku.; of good f.: kulajaḥ (jā jaṃ), N.: v. Race, lineage, descent.

FAMINE: durbhikṣam, in a f. stricken country: durbhikṣapīḍite deśe, P. iv. 4.: f. would enter a country: durbhikṣamāviśedrāṣṭram, Mah.: v. To starve, kill.

FAMISH (v.t.): kṣudhayā pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) or avasādayati (c. of sad).

FAMISH (v. i.): kṣudhayā avasīdati (sad, c. 1.): v. To starve.

FAMOUS:
     1 khyātaḥ (tā taṃ), vi- pra-;
     2 viśrutaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 prathitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Renowned, illustrious.

FAN (subs.):
     1 vyajanam;
     2 tālavṛntaḥ (of palm leaves). Winnowing.

FAN (v.t.):
     I vījayati upa- ut-, (vīj, c. 10.), are my friends. f. ing me: kiṃ vījayato māṃ sakhyau, Sa.
     II To kindle: q.v.: sandhukṣayati.
     III To winnow: q.v.

FANATIC (subs.): dharmonmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (?).

FANATIC, FANATICAL:
     1 ugraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (= mad).

FANATICALLY:
     1 unmattavat (= madly);
     2 ugram (= sharply).

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FANATICISM: dharmonmādaḥ (?).

FANCIER:
     I Lit.: bhāvakaḥ.
     II A breeder: poṣakaḥ.

FANCIFUL:
     I Dictated by fancy:
     1 bhāvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 kalpitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Whimsical: q.v.: bhāvanāparāyaṇa (f. ) (?).

FANCIFULLY: bhāvanayā: v. Wildly, whimsically.

FANCY (subs.):
     I Imagination: q.v.: bhāvaḥ -nā, my f. -got likeness: bhāvagamyaṃ matsādṛśyam, Me.
     II Conception, idea: q.v.: bhāvaḥ -nā.
     III Inclination: bhāvaḥ, my mind rests on him with entire f.: mamātra bhāvaikarasaṃ manaḥ sthitam, Ku.; "f-free" bhāvamuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

FANCY (v.i.): manyate (man, c. 4.), one who f. s. himself to be a learned man: paṇḍitammanyaḥ, B.: v. To think, believe.

FANCY (v. t.):
     I To imagine, guess: q. v.: tarkayati (tark, c. 10.); which do you f. (to be Śakuntalā): tvaṃ tāvat katamāṃ tarkayasi, Sa.
     II To have a f. for: rocate (ruc, c. 1.). (with dat. of the person): v. To like.

FANCY (adj.): F. goads: ruciradravyāṇi; f. ball: *ruciranṛtyam; f. price *kalpitamūlyam.

FANCY-SICK: duṣṭabuddhi (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.

FANE: siddhāyatanam: v. Temple.

FANG: daṃṣṭrā, with the rays of the f. s.: daṃṣṭrāmayūkhaiḥ, R. Ph.: having poison in the f. (i. e. a serpent): āśīviṣaḥ, Ve.

FANGED: daṃṣṭrin (f. ṇī), Ki. xiii. 50

FANGLESS: daṃṣṭrāhīnaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.

FANNER, FANNING-MACHINE: vyajanayantram.

FANTASM: v. Phantom.

FANTASTIC, -AL:
     I Not real: kalpitaḥ (tā taṃ)
     II Capricious: capalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Irregular, wild: q.v.

FANTASY: v. Fancy.

FAR (adj.):
     I Not near:
     1 draḥ (rā raṃ), (with abl. or gen.), f. from the village: dūraṃ grāmasya grāmādvā, S. k.; not very f. from here: ito nātidūre, K.;
     2 viprakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (rare), even now (his) time of awaking is very f.: adyāpi viprakṛṣṭaḥ prabodhakālaḥ, VI. II. Remote from purpose: f. be it from me to justify cruelty: *dūratastāvat krauryaśodhanaprastāvaḥ.

FAR (Adv.)
     I To a great distance: dūram, with f. different results: dūrabhinnaphalayoḥ, Si.; f. -risen hope: dūrārohiṇī āśā, Sa.
     II At a great d.: dūre, Mu. Ph.: from f.:
     1 dūrāt;
     2 dūrādeva, K.;
     3 dūrataḥ, P.;
     4 dūrata eva, K. How f.: (a)=to what distance: kiyaddūraṃ, h. f. are you coming: kiyadyāvadupaiṣi dūram, N.;
     2 kiyat, h. f. did he come following us: kiyadanusarannasmānasāvāgataḥ, K. (b)=at what distance:
     1 kiyaddūre;
     2 kiyatyadhvani, what sort of a place is Ujjayanī and how f. is it (from here): kīdṛśyujjayinī kiyatyadhvani sā ca, K. Far off:
     1 dūraṃ or dūreḥ v. Far.
     2 dūrasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ) (= situated f.), nearing what was f. o.: nedayan dūrasaṃstham, B. So far (i. e. such a distance): etāvatīṃ bhūmim, K. So far as: v. So. As far as: (a)=up to: paryantaṃ in comp., as f. as the park: vanāntaparyantam, N.; (b)=so far as: v. So.

FARF-FAMED:
     1 dūrayaśas (mfn.) (?);
     2 prathitayaśas (mfn.);
     3 urukīrti. (mfn.), R.; and sim. comp s.

FARCE:
     I A comedy: prahasanam:
     II Empty show: perh. darśanam.

FARCICAL: v. Ludicrous, deceptive.

FARCIN, FARCY: jantūnāṃ carmarogaviśeṣaḥ.

FARE (subs.):
     I Food: q. v.: annam.
     II Passage money: (f.) tārikaṃ or tāryam (for crossing);
     2 vāhikam (?) (for conveying).
     III News; vārttā.

FARE (v.i.):
     I To go, pass: q.v.: vrajati (vraj, c. 1.).
     II To be in any state: how does Sāgarikā f.: sāgarikāyāḥ kiṃ vartate, Ra,; he f. s. well, ill: tasya priyaṃ apriyaṃ vartate: v. To happen.
     III To feed: q.v.: bhojanaṃ karoti.

FAREWELL: v. Adieu. Bid your companion f.: āmantrayasva sahacaram, Sa.; I have done, f. to you: sādhayāmyahamavighnamastu te, R.; "f.:" śivamastu.

FARINA:
     I Flour: q.v.:
     II Pollen:
     1 parāgaḥ;
     2 puṣpareṇuḥ.

FARINACEOUS:
     I Made of flour: cūrṇamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).
     II Yielding f.: cūrṇadaḥ (dā daṃ) (?).
     III Mealy: cūrṇa- in comp.

FARM (subs.):
     I Lit. kṣetram, owner of a f.: kṣetrapatiḥ, H.
     II Lease: q.v.

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FARM (v.):
     I To let: q.v.: bhāṭena or bhāṭakena dadāti (, c. 8.).
     II To hire: bhāṭayati (c. of bhaṭ) or bhāṭakena gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), Viv.
     III To cultivate: q.v.: kṣetraṃ karoti.

FARMER:
     I A cultivator:
     1 kṣetrapatiḥ;
     2 kṣetrasvāmin (m);
     3 kṣetrikaḥ.
     II A leaseholder: q.v.

FARM-YARD: kuśūlacatvarama; kuśūlāṅganam; etc.

FARMING (subs.):
     1 kṛṣikarman (n.);
     2 kṣetrakarman (n.)

FARRAGO (subs.): gholam (?): v. Medley.

FARRIER:
     1 aśvavaidyaḥ;
     2 aśvacikitsakaḥ;
     3 aśvalākṣaṇikaḥ.

FARRIERY: aśvacikitsā.

FARROW: v. To bring forth.

FARTHER: v. Further (adj. and adv.)

FARTHING: tāmramudrāviśeṣaḥ; *penipādam.

FASCES: daṇḍaparaśuḥ.

FASCIATION: bandhaḥ: v. Bondage.

FASCICULAR: puñjitaḥ (tā taṃ).

FASCINATE (v.): mohayati vi- (c. of muh), what man you may not f.: pumāṃsaṃ kaṃ na mohayeḥ, Mah.: v. To bewikS, charm.

FASCINATING (adj.):
     1 mohanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 vimohin (f. ), world-f. Sitā: sītā lokavimohinī, A.r.: v. Charming. Ph: a woman with f. eyes: madirākṣī, R.; mugdhākṣī, Mal.; etc.

FASCINATION:
     I The art: mohanam vi-; better by verb.
     II The power: mohanī śaktiḥ, etc.

FASH:
     I Verb: v. To vex, tease.
     II Subs.: v. Anxiety, care.

FASHION (subs.):
     I Shape, make: q.v.: gaṭhanam.
     II Prevailing custom: rītiḥ (?), this is the new f.: *iyamaminavā rītiḥ.
     III Manner, way: q.v.

FASHION (v.):
     I To form: q.v.: gaṭhati (gaṭh, c. 1.).
     II To fit, adopt: q.v.: "laws ought to be f. ed to the manners of the people": *lokācārānurūpiṇo vidhayo vidheyāḥ.

FASHIONABLE:
     I Approved.: lokasammataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Good.
     II Current: q.v.: pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Observing fashions: no equiv.: *rītyanuyāyin (f. ).
     IV Gentle, good: q.v.

FASHIONABLY: *rītyanusāreṇa; yathārīti.

FASHION-MONGER: *rītyaikadṛś (mfn.): v. Fop.

FAST (adj.):
     I Firm: q.v.: dṛḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ). Ph.: f. sleep: gāḍhanidrā; very f. friend: ghaniṣṭhamitram.
     II Swift: q.v.: śīghragāmin (f. ).
     III Rash: q.v.: pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ). A f. girl: pragalbhavanitā, K.; f.-handed: baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.), N.

FAST (adv.):
     I Firmly: q.v.: dṛḍham.
     II Swiftly: q.v.:
     1 śīghnam;
     2 āśu, f. er than the mind itself: manaso'pyāśutaram.

FAST (subs.):
     I F. ing:
     1 upavāsaḥ;
     2 anaśanam nirāhāraḥ (= not taking food);
     3 prāyaḥ (rare), R.
     II F. ing time: upavāsakālaḥ, f. day: upavāsadinam.

FAST (v.i.):
     1 upavasati (vas, c. 1.) or upavāsaṃ karoti or kurute, but (they) all f. ed that day: tasmiṃstu divase sarve upavāsaṃ pracakrire, A r.;
     2 na aśnāti (, c. 9.), etc.: v. To eat, not. To f. to death: anaśanena uparamate (ram, c. 1.), D. vi.

FASTEN (v.): badhnāti ni- ā- saṃ-, (bandh, c. 9), f. ing a chain to the feet: śṛṅnalayā caraṇayornibadhya, V.t.; did not f. her affection on him: tasmin bhāvaṃ na babandha, R. vi. 36.; she took off (her) necklace and f. ed on a bark: sā hāraṃ vimucya valkalaṃ babandha, Ku. v. 8; f. ed. (secured) by the glances of beauties: sundarīṇāṃ kaṭākṣairbaddhaḥ, Ku. iii. 5.: v. To bind, tie. Ph.: to f. a door: dvāraṃ dadāti, Vi. or kapāṭaṃ dadāti, Va.

FASTENER: expr. by verb.

FASTENING (subs.):
     I The act: bandhanam.
     II That which binds: bandhaḥ -naḥ -nī.

FASTER:
     1 upavāsakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 kṛtopavāsaḥ (sā saṃ)

FASTIDIOUS:
     1 doṣadṛś (mfn.) (= fault-finding);
     2 asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (=discontented);
     3 kaṣṭaprītaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

FASTIDIOUSLY: expr. by adj.

FASTIDIOUSNESS:
     1 doṣadarśitā;
     2 asantuṣṭatā: v. Fastidious.

FASTING (subs.): v. Fast (I).

FASTLY: dṛḍham: v. Firmly.

FASTNESS:
     I Firmness; q. v.: dṛḍhatā.
     II A fort: durgam.

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FAT (adj.):
     I Corpulent:
     1 pīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 pīvaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 medasvin (f. ), f. men: medasvinaḥ, Bha.;
     4 puṣṭāṅga (f. ṅgī) (in body), H.
     II Oily, rich:
     1 ghṛtasaṃsṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (in ghee);
     2 medasvin (f. ) (?) (in fat).
     III Dull, stupid: q.v.
     IV Productive, rich: sphītaḥ (tā taṃ), of f. capital: sphītasāradhanaḥ (nā naṃ), D.; the country became f.: sphīto janapado'bhavat, Mah. ii. 33. 2.

FAT (subs.):
     1 medas (n.);
     2 vasā;
     3 vapā.

FATAL:
     I Inevitable: q.v.
     II Deadly, mortal:
     1 prāṇaharaḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 sāṃghātikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 ātyayikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     4 durantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

FATALISM: daiṣṭikatā, Si. ii. 86.

FATALIST:
     1 daiṣṭikaḥ;
     2 daivapramāṇakaḥ, M.n.

FATALITY:
     I Inevitable necessity: daivanirbandhaḥ.
     II Mortality:
     1 prāṇaharatvam;
     2 sāṅghātikatā;
     3 better by adj.
     III Fate: q.v.: bhavitavyatā.

FATALLY:
     I Inevitably daivanirbandhena.
     II Mortally: expr. by adj.: to wound f.: prāṇaharavraṇaṃ karoti; f. deceived: ātyayikavañcanāgataḥ (tā taṃ) (?)

FATE:
     I In abstract sense:
     1 daivam, f. cannot be altered: na śakyaṃ daivamanyathā kartum, K.;
     2 niyatiḥ, f. is the cause in the world: niyatiḥ kāraṇaṃ loke, Ram.;
     3 bhavitavyatā, foltowing f.: bhavitavyatānuvidhāyin (f. ), V.;
     4 vidhiḥ, f. dominates: prabhavati vidhiḥ, K.;
     5 diṣṭam;
     6 adṛṣṭam.
     II Appointed lot: diṣṭam, has met end of f.: diṣṭāntaṃ samanuprāptaḥ, Ram. ii. 74. 25.

FATED:
     1 daivavihitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vidhikṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 diṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

FATHER: (subs.):
     1 pitṛ (m.), he was the f., their f. s were only begetters: sa pitā pitarastāsāṃ kevalaṃ janmahetavaḥ, R. i. 24.; you are the f. of f.s: tvaṃ pitṝṇāmasi pitā, Ku. ii. 14.;
     2 janakaḥ;
     3 janayitṛ (m.);
     4 tātaḥ (= papa).

FATHER (v.):
     I To beget: q.v.
     II To adopt: q.v.
     III To f. on or upon: v. To ascribe.

FATHERHOOD: pitṛtvam: v.: Paternity.

FATHER-LAND:
     1 paitṛkabhūmiḥ;
     2 pitṛbhūmiḥ; etc.

FATHER-IN-LAW: śvaśuraḥ, your f. is my friend: tava śvaśuro me sakhā, R.

FATHERLESS:
     1 pitṛhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 apitṛkaḥ (kā kaṃ).

FATHERLINESS:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 vātsalyam (= fatherly affection).

FATHERLY (adj.):
     1 pitṛsannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 by adv.

FATHERLY (adv.)
     1 pitṛvat;
     2 piteva.

FATHOM:
     I Subs.: vyāmaḥ or vyāyāmaḥ.
     II Verb: māpayati (c. of ): v. To measure.

FATHOMLESS:
     1 agādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 atalasparśaḥ (rśā rśaṃ).

FATIGUE (subs.):
     1 āyāsāḥ, Ki. vii. 3.;
     2 khedaḥ (= exhaustion), Si. vii. 75.;
     3 klāntiḥ or klamaḥ (= weariness), Ki. ix. 75.;
     4 śramaḥ or pariśramaḥ (= by exertion), R. ix. 49. Ph.: inured to f.: jitaśramaḥ (mā maṃ), Ka.; able to bear f.: āyāsasahaḥ (hā haṃ), V. p.

FATIGUE (v.):
     1 āyāsayati (c. of yas);
     2 khedayati (c. of khid);
     3 klamayati pari-, (c. of klam);
     4 śramaṃ janayati (c. of jan).

FATIGUED:
     1 śrāntaḥ or pariśrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), f. by watering the trees: vṛkṣasecanāt pariśrāntā, Sa.;
     2 klāntaḥ or pariklāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ);
     3 khinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     4 āyāsitaḥ (tā taṃ). To be f.:
     1 śrāmyati pari-, (śram, c. 4.);
     2 klāmyati (klam, c. 4.);
     3 khidyate (khid, c. 4.).

FATIGUING (adj.):
     1 śramakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 āyāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ); etc.

FATNESS:
     1 medasvitā;
     2 pīnatā;
     3 pīvaratā;
     4 puṣṭāṅgatā.

FATTEN (v.t.):
     1 pyāyayati ā-, (c. of pyai);
     2 pīvarīkaroti;
     3 bṛṃhayati (c. of bṛṃh);
     4 by (adj.).

FATTEN (v.i.):
     1 pyāyate ā-, (pyai, c. 1.);
     2 by adj.

FATTENING:
     1 pauṣṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= nourishing);
     2 bṛṃhaṇa (f. ṇī).

FATTY: medasvin (f. ). F. tissue: *medojālam.

FATUITOUS, FATUOUS:
     I Foolish, weak: q.v.: durbuddhi (mfn.).
     II Illusory: q.v.

FATUITY: mūrkhatā: v. Foolishness, weakness.

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FAUCET: for drawing liquors: *niṣkāśakaḥ.

FAULT:
     1 doṣaḥ, this is not your f.: na te doṣo'yam, P. i. 16.; will not find f. with it: doṣaṃ na grahīṣyati, Sa.; these are f.s of language: vākye'pi doṣāḥ santyete, Kav.;
     2 aparādhaḥ (not physical), how can a slave be without f.: kathaṃ nu dāso niraparādhaḥ, V. ii.; it is not the f. of a stump if a blind man does not see it: naiṣa sthāṇoraparādho yadenamandho na paśyati, Say. To find f. with: dūṣayati (c. of duṣ), bad men in a moment find f. with the excellencies of good men: durjano dūṣayatyeva satāṃ guṇagaṇaṃ kṣaṇāt, J.

FAULT-FINDER: doṣadṛś (mfn.), a mere f.: doṣaikadṛś (mfn.)

FAULTILY:
     1 sadoṣam;
     2 sādhaparādhama;
     3 doṣeṇa.

FAULTINESS:
     1 sadoṣatā;
     2 duṣṭatā;
     3 sāparādhatā.

FAULTLESS:
     1 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     2 doṣahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); doṣaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), etc.: v. Devoid of;
     3 adoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ): v. Also blameless, innocent, correct.

FAULTLESSNESS:
     1 nirdoṣatā;
     2 doṣaśūnyatā; etc.

FAULTY:
     1 doṣavat (f. ), f. girl: doṣavatī kanyā, M. ix. 73.;
     2 doṣin (f. ṇī);
     3 sadoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     3 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (often=vicious), afterwards found to be f.: *duṣṭaṃ paścādvibhāvitam, Mit.

FAUNA: jantavaḥ (m. pl.), fossil f.: *śilībhūtajantavaḥ: v. Animal.

FAVOUR (subs.):
     1 anugrahaḥ, f. proceeding from remembrance: saṃsmaraṇapravṛtto'nugrahaḥ, Ku. iii. 3; with your f.: tavānugrahāt; even this my chastisement has been made a f. by you: mama tvayā nigraho'pyayamanugrahīkṛtaḥ, R. xi. 90.; disposer of f. s and dis-f.s: anugrahāvagrahayorvidhātā, Si. i. 71.;
     2 prasādaḥ (= a f.), do the f. (to excuse me), Sir: tat prasādaṃ karotu svāmī, P. i. 3.; who eagerly longs for your f.: prasādamākāṃkṣati yastovotsukaḥ, V. III. Ph. in f. with i. e. f. ed: v. F. ite; in f. of i.e. on the side of: pakṣe (with gen.). v. Side.

FAVOUR (v.t.):
     1 anugṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), just favour with a look: vilokanenānugṛhāṇa tāvat, N. xxii. 3;
     2 anukūlayati (nomi.) (= to be friend), even Indra f. s him with ornaments of the Kalpa tree: tamanukūlayatīndro'pi kalpadrumavibhūṣaṇaiḥ, Ku. ii. 39.;
     3 by subs., the king ceased to f. Dantila: sa rājā dantilasya prasādaparāṅmukhaḥ sañjātaḥ, P. i. 3.;
     4 abhyupapadyate (pad, c. 4.), Ku. v. 61.

FAVOURABLE:
     1 anukūlaḥ (lā laṃ), considering what was f. to him: asyānukūlaṃ vicintya, Ki. xii. 43.; f. wind: anukūlavātaḥ;
     2 prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (= cheerful); f. look: prasannadṛṣṭiḥ;
     3 śumaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) (= auspicious: of time): v. Also conducive, good.

FAVOURABLENESS:
     1 anukūlatā;
     2 prasannatā: v. FAVOURABLE.

FAVOURER:
     1 anugrahakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 better by verb.

FAVOURITE (subs.):
     1 priyapātram priyamājanam, and sim. comp.s, I was her greatest f.: tasyāḥ paraṃ prasādapātramāsam, D. ii.;
     2 vallabha (f. ), and to the f.s of a king: vallabhebhyaśca bhūpateḥ, Ka. v. 19.

FAVOURITE (adj.): priyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Dear, favourite (subs.).

FAVOURITISM:
     1 vallabhapriyatā (?);
     2 pakṣapātitā (= partiality).

FAWN (subs.):
     1 mṛgaśāvaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 mṛgapotaḥ;
     3 hariṇaśiśuḥ; etc.

FAWN (v.):
     I To bring forth a f.: prasūte (, c. 2.), f. ing of deer: mṛgīṇāṃ prasūtiḥ, R.
     II To flatter: q.v.: cāṭuśataṃ karoti.

FAWNINGLY:
     1 cāṭuśataiḥ, H.;
     2 stutīḥ kṛtvā.

FAY:
     I Subs., a fairy: q.v.: vidyādharī.
     II verb., to fit, suit: q.v.

FEALTY: prabhubhaktiḥ (?): v. Also loyalty.

FEAR (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 mayam, out of f.: bhayāt, Sa.; or, through f. of the ascetic: bhayena vā muneḥ, Ki.;
     2 bhītiḥ (rare);
     3 trāsaḥ sam- pari-, (= terror, q.v.).
     II Source of (1).: mayam, the f. from the titan is over: surārisambhavaṃ bhayaṃ gatam, V. i.; you have no f. from me: na matto'sti bhayaṃ tava, Mah., ii. 43. 20.

FEAR (v.t.):
     1 bibheti (, c. 3.) (with abl.), f. s. thieves: caurādvibheti, S. k.; f. s in the forest: araṇye bibheti, S.k.:
     2 trasyati saṃ- vi- pari-, (trasa, c. 4.) (with abl.): stronger than f., if he did not f. the god Śiva: yadi tena devādbhavānīpaterna trastam, Vi. ii. 28.

FEAR (v.i.):
     I Lit.: bibheti.
     II To apprehend: q.v.: śaṅkate ā-, (śaṅk, c. 1.), affection f. s of evil: snehaḥ pāpaśaṅkī, Sa.

FEARFUL (adj.):
     I Inspiring fear:
     1 bhayaṅkaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 bhayāvahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 bhayadaḥ (dā daṃ);
     4 bhayadāyin or -vidhāyin (f. );
     5 bhayānakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     6 bhīṣaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ): v. Dreadful, terrible.
     II Full of fear:
     1 bhītaḥ (tā taṃ) (with abl. of the source of fear): v. Afraid;
     2 sabhayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= possessed of fear);
     3 bhayāturaḥ (rā raṃ) (= habitually);
     4 trasnu (mfn.): v. Timid.

FEARFULLY:
     I Timidly:
     1 sabhayam;
     2 sasādhvasam;
     3 satrāsam, Y.
     II Frightfully, terribly: q.v.: mīṣaṇam.

FEARFULNESS:
     I Timidity:
     1 bhītiḥ (with abl.): v. Fear;
     2 bhīrutā (habitual).
     II Dreadfulness: q.v.: bhīṣaṇatvam.

FEARLESS:
     1 nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 nirbhīkaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 akutobhayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

FEARLESSLY:
     1 nirbhayam;
     2 by the adj.s: apabhayaḥ (yā yaṃ), apabhī gatabhī vigatabhī (n. bhi) etc. R. iii. 51.; xi. 70.;
     3 niḥśaṅkam (without any apprehension).

FEARLESSNESS:
     1 nirbhīkatā;
     2 nirbhayatā;
     3 abhītiḥ.

FEASIBILITY:
     1 sādhyatā;
     2 upādeyatā (combining utility).

FEASIBLE:
     1 sādhya (f. dhyā);
     2 upādeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (f. and useful).

FEAST (subs.):
     I Festival: q.v.: utsavaḥ "moveable f.": asthirotsavaḥ (?).
     II Banquct: sambhojanam (?).
     III Fig.: utsavaḥ, f. to the eye: nayanotsavaḥ.

FEAST (v.i.):
     I Lit.: viśiṣṭabhojanaṃ karoti (?).
     II Fig.: modate pra-, (mud, c. 1.).

FEAST (v.t.):
     I Lit: viśiṣṭabhojanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (?).
     II Fig.: to delight: q.v.: modayati pra- (c. of mud).

FEAT (subs.): avadānam, whose f.s are seen: dṛṣṭāvadānaḥ (nā naṃ), K. xviii. 16.: v. Deed, exploit.

FEATHER (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 patram, I am throwing away this one f.: etatpatraṃ tyajāmyekam, Mah. i. 30. 21.; f. -bed: (*pataga-) patrasaṃstaraḥ; to win a f. in the cap: subhagapatākāṃ harati, D.;
     2 parṇaḥ, good -f. ed: suparṇaḥ, Mah.
     II Of an arrow:
     1 patram, heron- f. ed (arrows): kaṅkapatrāḥ, U.;
     2 pakṣaḥ, of f. supported arrows: pakṣāśrayiṇāṃ śilīmukhānām, Si. xx. 9.
     III A species: q.v.: jātiḥ.

FEATLY: vāmam: v. Cleverly.

FEATURE:
     I Form: q.v.: rūpam, the same dignified f.s.: rūpaṃ tadojasvi, R.; what sort of f.s he has: kīdṛśaṃ tasya rūpam, K.
     II The face: q.v.: mukham.

FEBRIFUGE: javaraghna (f. ghnī) and sim. comp.s., a f.; jvaraghnabhauṣadham; etc.

FEBRILE: expr. by comp. or gen., f. symptoms: jvarasya lakṣaṇam, Bha.

FEBRUARY: uttaramāghapūrvaphālgunasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasya dvitīyo māsaḥ.

FECAL: expr. by comp., f. dikS: amedhyakhātam; f. matter: malam: v. Dung.

FECULENCE: paṅkilatā: v. Muddiness, foulness.

FECULENT: amedhya (f. dhyā): v. Foul, muddy.

FECUNDATE:
     I Lit.: bahuprajaṃ (f. jāṃ) karoti (?).
     II To impregnate.: q.v.

FECUNDITY:
     I Of seeds or plants:
     1 phalavattā;
     2 better by adj. phaladaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Of females:bahuprajātvam (?).

FEDERAL: *saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ), f. constitution: *saṃhatatantram.

FEDERAL, FEDERALIST: *saṃhatidhvajaḥ (jā jaṃ); saṃhativādin (f. ).

FEDERALISM: *saṃhativādaḥ; saṃhatidhvajānāṃ matam.

FEE (subs.):
     I Property, possession: q.v.
     II Charge, pay: śulka (mn.), even a Śūdra should not take f., giving away a daughter: ādadīta na śūdro'pi śulkaṃ duhitaraṃ dadat, M. ix. 98.; f. giver: śulkadaḥ, M. iii. F. -simple: cirasthāyinī bhūmiḥ (?).

FEE (v.):
     I Lit.: śulkaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To bribe: q.v.

FEEBLE: durbalaḥ (lā laṃ), the king is the strength of the f.: durbalasya balaṃ rājā, J.; having f. hope for the fulfilment of his object: svārthopapattiṃ prati durvalāśaḥ, R. v. 12.: v. Weak.

FEEBLENESS:
     1 daubalyam;
     2 durbalatā: v. Weakness.

FEEBLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 durbalatayā or balakṣayāt mandaṃ mandam (= slowly).

FEED (subs.):
     I Food: q.v.: bhojanam, she is my f.: sā bhojanaṃ me, M.n.
     II Pasture-land: pracārabhūmiḥ.
     III Of a boiler. *poṣakam; jalam.

FEED (v.t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhojayati (c. of bhuj), should f. hundred Brahmins: śataṃ dvijān bhojayet, Shat.; employed Dusshāsana about f. ing people: bhakṣyabhojyādhikāreṣu duḥśāsanamāyojayat, Ma. n.;
     2 āśayati pra-, (c. of ) (rare).
     II To graze: q.v.: cārayati (c. of car).
     III To fill the wants of: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).
     IV To supply: dadāti (, c. 3.).

FEED (v.i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhojanaṃ karoti;
     2 atti (ad, c. 2.): v. To eat.
     II To graze: q.v.
     III Fig., to grow fat: sphītaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati.

FEEDER:
     I An eater: q.v.
     II One who gives food:
     1 bhojayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 āśayitṛ (f. trī), Si.
     III An encourager: utsāhadātṛ (f. trī).
     IV A breeder: poṣaka (f. ṣikā).
     V Of roads and canals: f. road: *aṅgapathaḥ poṣakapathaḥ.

FEEDING (subs.):
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II Food: q.v.: bhojanam.
     III Pasture-land: pracārabhūmiḥ.

FEEL (v.t.):
     I To perceive:
     1 anubhavati (bhū, c. 1.), much more, Mahāśvetā who has felt the ways of love: kimutānubhūtamadanavṛttāntā mahāśvetā, K., as if f. ing the pain of those who ask: vedanāmanumavannivārthinām Ki. xiii. 60.;
     2 upalabhate (labh, c. 1.) (= to receive), then Śiva f. ing pleasure: upalabdhasukhastadā haraḥ, Ku. iv. 42.:
     3 vetti saṃ- (vid, c. 2.) (= to know), which one f.s but cannot express: anākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ), saṃvedyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ), K.
     II To be conscious of: jānāti (jhā, c. 9.), the two sons of Daśaratha were not seen but felt: jhātāvubhau dāśarathī na dṛṣṭau, R.: v. To know.
     III To touch: q.v.: spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6.).
     IV To examine by touching: spṛśati, should carefully f. the pulse: nāḍīmavahitaḥ spṛśet, Bha.: v. Also to examine.

FEEL (v.i.).
     I To appear to the touch: expr. by sparśaḥ.
     II In other senses: v. Feel (trans.)

FEEL (subs.):
     I F. ing: q.v.
     II Touch: q.v.: sparśaḥ.

FEELER:
     I Lit.: expr. by verb.
     II Fig.: expr. by circumlo, it is a f.: *matajhānāyedaṃ prayuktam.

FEELING (subs.):
     I The sense: sparśaḥ.
     II Perception:
     1 anubhavaḥ, (rarely) anubhūtiḥ; upalabdhiḥ; (rarely),
     2 upalammaḥ. (actual f.), from the f. of pleasure: sukhopalambhāt, R.;
     3 saṃvedaḥ -nam (= knowledge), only for f. pain: duḥkhasaṃvedanāyaiva, U. i. 47.
     III Susceptibility to emotions: expr. by hṛdayam (= heart), a man of f.: sahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), destitute of f.: niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā): v. Hard.
     IV Any state of mind:
     1 bhāvaḥ;
     2 vṛttiḥ. Ph.: f. of pride: abhimānitā.

FEELINGLY: sahṛdayatayā (?): v. Affectingly.

FEIGN (v.): expr. by f. ed, f. ing quarrel: kṛtakakalahaṃ kṛtvā, Mu.

FEIGNED (adj.):
     1 kapaṭa in comp., with f. cloak of virtue: kapaṭadharmakañcukaḥ, Da. i.: v. Counterfeit;
     2 kṛtakaḥ (kā kaṃ), f. anger: kṛtakakopaḥ, Sa. v.: v. Affected;
     3 alīkaḥ (kā kaṃ), f. Nala: alīkanalaḥ, N.: v. False.

FEIGNEDLY:
     1 sakapaṭam;
     2 savyājam;
     3 mithyā: v. Falsely.

FEIGNER: expr. by adj., f. of anger: kṛtakakopakāraḥ.

FEINT: chalam: v. Pretence.

FELICITATE (v.):
     I To delight: q.v.
     II To congratulate: expr. by diṣṭyā vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.), I f. you on your recovery: diṣṭyā vardhase rogotyānena.

FELICITOUS.
     1 śreyasaḥ (sī saṃ);
     2 śreyaskaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Happy.

FELICITY: śreyas (n.), of you who have received every f.: śreyāṃsi sarvāṇyadhijagmuṣaste, R. v. 34.: v. Happiness.

FELINE: i.e. pertaining to or like a cat: v. Cat, etc. The f. species: mārjārajātiḥ.

FELL (subs.):
     I A mountain: q.v.
     II Hide, skin: q.v.: carman (n.).

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FELL (adj.): niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cruel, fierce.

FELL (v.t.):
     1 pātayati ava- ni-, (c. of pat);
     2 chinatti (chid, c. 7.) (= to cut: q.v. as of timber).

FELL-MONGER: *carmājīvaḥ.

FELLNESS: niṣṭhuratā: v. Cruelty.

FELLOE: of a wheel:
     1 nemiḥ;
     2 pradhiḥ;
     3 nīdhram.

FELLOW: A companion: q.v.: sahāyaḥ.
     II A person: q.v.: janaḥ, this f. is very audacious: atipragalbho'yaṃ janaḥ.
     III A mate: sahacaraḥ (f. ), Me. ii. 22.
     IV An equal: q.v.
     V Holder of a f.-ship: vṛttibhuj (mfn.).
     VI Of a society or corporation: sabhyaḥ.
     VII As a prefix: saha- or sa- in comp.

FELLOW-COMMONER: ekapākabhojin (f. ), Mit.

FELLOW-CREATURE:
     1 sahajanman (mfn.);
     2 by circumlo.

FELLOW-FEELING: sahānubhūtiḥ: v. Sympathy.

FELLOW-PASSENGER: sahayātrin (f. ṇī): v. F. traveller.

FELLOWSHIP:
     I Association: q.v.: saṅgaḥ.
     II Company: q.v.: saṅgaḥ.
     III Partnership as in pain: sahānubhūtiḥ.
     IV A band: dalam.
     V Scholarship: vṛttiḥ.

FELLOW-STUDENT:
     1 sahādhyāyaḥ, Nichula, f. of Kālidāsa: niculaḥ kālidāsasya sahādhyāyaḥ, M.n.;
     2 sahādhyāyin (f. ), Mu. i.;
     3 satīrtha (f. rthā) (rare), Ma.

FELLOW-TRAVELLER:
     1 sahagāmin (f. );
     2 sahayātrin (f. );
     3 sahaprasthāyin (f. ), K.s. i. 10. 70.

FELLY:
     I Adv.: niṣṭhuram: v. Cruelly.
     II Subs. v. Felloe.

FELO-DE-SE:
     1 ātmaghātin (f. );
     2 ātmahan (mfn.).

FELON: ātatāyin (f. ): v. Criminal.

FELONIOUS: By comp., f. act: pāpakriyā: v. Criminal.

FELONY: pāpam: v. Crime.

FELT (subs.): ūrṇā, f. hat: *ūrṇāmayaṃ śirastram: v. Wool.

FEMALE (subs.): strī: v. Woman.

FEMALE (adj.): Not male:
     1 by a feminine termination ā or ī: f. preceptor: upādhyāyā; a f. monkey: vānarī; a f. dove: kapotikā;
     2 by vadhū affixed (denoting the f. of a couple), the f. Chakra: cakravākavadhūḥ, M.n.
     II Belonging to a woman: expr. by comp.: f. form: strīrūpam.

FEMININE:
     I As opposed to manly: straiṇa (f. ṇī), hesitates from f. (consideration): straiṇena vicikitsati, Vi. i. 37.: v. Also effeminate.
     II In gram.: strī, f. gender: strīliṅgam (the word); iṣudhi is also f.: iṣudhiḥ strī ca, S.k.; the five words ap etc. are f. and (used in the) plural: abādīnāṃ pañcānāṃ srītvaṃ bahutvaṃ ca, S.k.

FEN:
     1 anūpaḥ;
     2 kacchabhūḥ: v. Marsh.

FENCE (subs.):
     I Enclosure: q.v.: vṛtiḥ.
     II F. ing: q.v.

FENCE (v.):
     I To defend: q.v.: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).
     II To enclose: vṛtinā ā-vṛṇoti pari-, (vṛ, c. 5.) or veṣṭayati pari-, (veṣṭ, c. 10.).

FENCER:
     1 asiyodhaḥ (with sword);
     2 daṇḍayodhaḥ (with stick);
     3 bhkallaḥ (= 2), Nil.

FENCING (subs.):
     1 asicaryā (with sword), Mah.;
     2 daṇḍayudham (with stick);
     3 gadāyuddham (= 2), Mah.

FEND: nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. To prevent, ward off.

FENDER:
     I For coals of fire: *aṅgāraguptiḥ.
     II Of a car:
     1 varūthaḥ;
     2 rathaguptiḥ.

FENNEL:
     1 śatapuṣpā (a species of f.);
     2 miśī (another species).

FENNY:
     1 anūpaḥ (pā paṃ), f. land: anūpabhūmiḥ;
     2 paṅkilaḥ (lā laṃ) (= muddy).

FEOFF (v.): dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To enfeoff.

FERINE:
     1 hiṃsraḥ (srā sraṃ);
     2 vanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ) (= wild).

FERMENT (subs.)
     I Lit.:
     1 kiṇva (mn.);
     2 maṇḍa (mn.).
     II Heat, agitation: q.v.: kṣobhaḥ.

FERMENT (v.t.): kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh): v. To agitate.

FERMENT (v.i.):
     I To effervesce: q.v.: phenāyate (nomi.) (?).
     II To be agitated: kṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4.).

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FERMENTATION:
     1 sandhānam (?);
     2 sphūrtiḥ (?)

FERMENTATIVE:
     1 sphūrtikaraḥ (rī raṃ) (?);
     2 maṇḍajananaḥ (nī naṃ) (?).

FERN: latājātiviśeṣaḥ; *patraprasūḥ.

FEROCIOUS:
     1 raudraḥ (drī draṃ);
     2 ugraḥ (grā graṃ): v. Dreadful, cruel.

FEROCIOUSLY:
     1 dāruṇam (= dreadfully);
     2 krūram (= cruelly).

FEROCIOUSNESS, FEROCITY:
     1 raudratā;
     2 ugratā;
     3 krauryam (=cruelty);
     4 dāruṇatā (= dreadfulness).

FERRULE: lohavalayaḥ, Monier Williams.

FERRY (v.):
     I Intran: tarati (tṝ, c. 1.).
     II Trans.: tārayati (c. of tṝ).

FERRY (subs.): taraḥ, should employ confidential men in charge of mines, customs, and f.s: ākaraśulkatareṣvāptānniyuñjīta, V.s.; f. boat: taranauḥ taraṇanaukā.

FERRYMAN:
     1 ghaṭṭajīvin (m.);
     2 taranāyakaḥ. (?)

FERTILE:
     I Fruitful: q.v.:
     1 śasyapradaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 u(ū)rvarā (of soil), f. land: urvarā bhūmiḥ.
     II Fig., rich, inventive: nirmāṇakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s, he has f. mind: *tasya nirmāṇadakṣaṃ manaḥ.

FERTILENESS, FERTILITY:
     I Fruitfulness:
     1 phalavattā;
     2 by adj.
     II Inventiveness: nirmāṇadakṣatā (?) and sim. comp.s.

FERTILIZE
     1 phalavantaṃ (tīṃ t) karoti;
     2 phaladīkaroti (?).

FERTILIZATION
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 phaladīkaraṇam (?).

FERULE: daṇḍakāṣṭham (?); vetram (= cane).

FERVENCY:
     1 autsukyam;
     2 utsāhaḥ: v. Zeal.

FERVENT:
     I Hot: q.v.
     II Eager, earnest: q.v.: utsukaḥ (kā kaṃ).

FERVENTLY: sotsāham: v. Eagerly, zealously.

FERVID:
     I Very hot: pracaṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍaṃ), when the sun is f.: pracaṇḍasūryaḥ, f. heat: pracaṇḍatāpaḥ, Rit.
     II Vehement: q.v.: pracaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā).

FERVOUR:
     I Heat: q.v.: pracaṇḍatā.
     II Ardour: pracaṇḍatā.

FESTAL: expr. by comp., f. day: utsavadinam.

FESTER (v.):
     I Intrans.: v. To corrupt.
     II Trans.: v. To nurse.

FESTIVAL:
     1 utsavaḥ, the great f. of the birth of the prince increased every moment: pratikṣaṇamavardhata rājasūnorjanmano mahotsavaḥ, K.;
     2 abhyudayaḥ (rare), even in f.s: abhyudayeṣvapi, M. ix. 84.;
     3 mahaḥ or mahas (n.) (rare), the f. of cupid: madanamahaḥ, Ra.

FESTIVE:
     1 by comp.;
     2 pārvaṇaḥ (f. ṇī) (= relating to parva=holiday), the chief citizens take to desired f. work: bhajante vidhimabhilaṣitaṃ pārvaṇaṃ pauramukhayāḥ, Mu. iii.

FESTIVITY:
     I Festival: q.v.
     II Joy: q.v.: pramodaḥ.

FESTOON: adorned with f.s: dāmabhirvaramālyānāṃ prālambaiḥ samalaṅkṛtam, Ram. ii. 12. 31.: v. Wreath.

FETAL: expr. by comp.; v. Fetus.

FETCH (v.):
     I To bring: q.v.: āharati (hṛ, c. 1.), went to Kichaka's house to f. wine: prātiṣṭhata surāhārī kīcakasya niveśanam, Mah. iii. 16. 17.
     II To sell for, expr. by labhate (labh, c. 1.), friend, what price will fourteen f.: caturda śa sakhe mūlyaṃ labhante kiyat, Li.
     III To arrive at: q.v.: prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.).
     IV To fell: q.v.: pātayati. (c. of pat). V. To make, do: q.v.: karoti.

FETCH (subs.): chalam: v. Trick, artifice.

FETCHER:
     1 āhartṛ (f. trī); sam-;
     2 by verb.

FETE:
     I Subs.: parvan (n.): v. Festival.
     II Verb, to feast: tarpayati saṃ-, (c. of tṛp), f.d the great Brahmins: tarpayāmāsa viprendrān, Mah.

FETID (adj.):
     1 durgandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ);
     2 durgandhi (mfn.);
     3 pūtigandhiḥ (mfn.);
     4 pūti (mfn.);
     5 ugragandhi (mfn.) (= strong-smelling).

FETIDNESS:
     1 durgandha(ndhi)tā;
     2 pūtigandhitā.

FETISH, FETICH: bhūtam (?). F. ism: bhūtabhaktiḥ (?).

FETOR:
     1 pūtigandhaḥ;
     2 durgandhaḥ: v. Fetidness.

FETTER (subs.): śṛṅkhalaḥ, (-lā -laṃ): v. Chain.

FETTER: (v.): nigaḍayati (nomi.): v. To enchain, confine.

FETUS: garbhaḥ, dead f.: mūḍhagarbhaḥ, Sr.

FEUD:
     I Quarrel: q.v.: kalaham,
     II An estate: karmaṇopabhogyā bhūmiḥ (?). *karmottarabhūmiḥ.

FEUDAL: the f. system: *karmottarabhūmipraṇālī; f. rights *karmottarabhūmyadhikārāḥ.

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FEUDATORY: f. chiefs: karmakāriṇo bhūpālāḥ: v. Also tributary.

FEVER:
     I Lit. jvaraḥ, acute (lit. new) f.: navajvaraḥ; chronic (lit. old) f.: jīrṇajvaraḥ, Bha.; inflammatory f.: dāhajvaraḥ; cold f.: śītajvaraḥ; typhoid f.: sannipātajvaraḥ (?); he will have f. again: asya punareva bhavejjvaraḥ; Sr.; recovered from f.: jarotsṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Sr, or jvaramuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), Bha.
     II Fig.: jvaraḥ, speak it without f.: tadbrūta vigatajvarāḥ, Mat.: v. Excitement.

FEVERISH:
     I Affected with fever:
     1 jvaritaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 jvarin (f. ṇī);
     3 jarārta (f. rtā);
     4 jvaragrasta (f. stā); and sim. comp.s.
     II Indicating fever: expr. by jvarabhāvaḥ.
     III Hot.: q.v.
     IV Fickle: q.v.

FEVERISHNESS:
     1 jvaritatā (=actual f.);
     2 jvarabhāvaḥ.

FEW:
     1 alpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), in a very f. days: svalpīyobhireva divasaiḥ, C.; in f.: alpena;
     2 katipayaḥ (yā yaṃ) or katicit (= a small number), a f. nights: katicit śarvarīḥ, R. xi. 93. v. Also some, small.

FEWNESS: alpatā: v. Also smallness.

FIAT: śāsanam: v. Decree.

FIB (subs.):
     1 anṛtam;
     2 asatyam;
     3 alīkam.

FIBRE:
     I Thread: q.v.: tantuḥ.
     II Of animals or plants: śirā.

FIBRIL: sūkṣmatantuḥ.

FIBROUS:
     1 tantumayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?);
     2 tantughaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

FICKLE:
     1 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ), fortune is f.: cañcalaṃ vasu, Ki.;
     2 capalaḥ (lā laṃ); this Brahmin youth is f.: capalo'yaṃ brāhvaṇavaṭuḥ, Sa. ii.;
     3 asthiraḥ (rā raṃ) (= inconstant);
     4 anavasthitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= 3).

FICKLENESS:
     1 cañcalatā;
     2 capalatā;
     3 asthiratā;
     4 cāñcalyam;
     5 cāpalyam
     6 asthairyam;
     7 calacittatā (= f. of mind).

FICKLY:
     1 asthiram;
     2 cāpalyena;
     3 cañcalatayā.

FICTION: kalpanā, this is a f. of his own creation: tasya manaḥkalpitamalīkametat: v. Invention, untruth.

FICTITIOUS:
     1 kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 alīkaḥ. v. False;
     3 kālpanikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

FIDDLE (subs.): śā(sā)raṅgī. Ph.: to play the second f. to: perh. pratidhvaniṃ karoti, K.; f. -stick: koṇaḥ (gen. term), B. xiv. 2.

FIDDLE (v.):
     I Lit.: śāraṅgīṃ vādayati (c. of vad).
     II To tweedle: q.v.

FIDDLE-FADDLE: nirarthakakathā yattat or yatkiñcit, Vi.

FIDDLER:
     I Lit.: śāraṅgīvādaḥ -kaḥ.
     II Fig.: yatkiñcanakārī, K.

FIDELITY:
     I Loyalty: bhaktiḥ, with (your) f. to (your) preceptor: bhattayā gurau, R. ii. 63. Honesty, niṣkapaṭatā.
     III Attachment:
     1 āsaktiḥ;
     2 saṅgaḥ (rare), gaṇikāyāśca gamyaṃ prati sajjataiva na saṅgaḥ, D.

FIDGETY: capalaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Restless.

FIDUCIARY:
     I Adj.: expr. by viśvāsaṃ samālambya, Mr.: v. Also confident, firm.
     II Subs.: v. Trustee.

FIE (interj.): dhik (with acc.): v. Shame.

FIEF: *karmottarabhūmiḥ; yodhabhūmiḥ.

FIELD:
     I Agricultural:
     1 kṣetram, the boundaries of a f.: kṣetrasīmā, M.; the owner of a f.: kṣetrasvāmī, K. b.; high f.: mālaṃ kṣetram, Me.; good f.: satkṣetram, Mu. i. 3.
     2 kedāraḥ (rare).
     II Battle-f.: q.v. samarabhūmiḥ, to leave the f.: samarabhūmiṃ or samaraṃ tyajati, Ve.
     III Battle: q.v.: yuddham, they lost the f.: parājitā babhūvuḥ.
     IV Scope, range: perh kṣetram, f. of knowledge.: jhānakṣetram.

FIELD-DAY: sainyavyāyāmadinaṃ or divasam (after Ka.).

FIELD-FARE: pakṣibhedaḥ; *kṣetracārin (f. ṇī).

FIELD-MARSHAL: balādhyakṣaḥ: v. General.

FIELD-MOUSE: kṣetramūṣikaḥ (?).

FIELD-PIECE: *ladhukāmānam; yuddhayantraviśeṣaḥ.

FIELD-SPORT: mṛgayāvihāraḥ, M. n.: v. Hunting.

FIEND:
     1 piśācaḥ;
     2 rākṣasaḥ (= ghoul);
     3 yātudhānaḥ (rare).

FIENDISH:
     1 paiśācaḥ (cī caṃ);
     2 rākṣasaḥ (sī saṃ): v. Malignant.

FIERCE:
     1 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 krūraḥ (rā raṃ) (= cruel, savage), his face became f. with frowns: krūramajani kuṭilabhrū tasyānanam, Si. xv. 8.;
     3 dāruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), ni- (= terrible), of f. form: dāruṇākṛtiḥ, Mah. i. 150. 2.

FIERCELY:
     1 ghoram;
     2 krūram;
     3 dāruṇam ni-.

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FIERCENESS:
     1 ghoratā;
     2 krūratā;
     3 dāruṇatā ni-.

FIERINESS:
     1 tejasvitā;
     2 caṇḍatā pra- (of temper).

FIERY:
     I Lit.: āgneyaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Full of heat: tejasvin (f. ) (lit. and fig.: applied to a f. horse, K.), among f. (things): tejasvimadhye, Si. ii. 52.
     III Vehement, passionate: caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), pra-, f. (and) collected wrath: pracaṇḍaparipiṇḍito manyuḥ, Vi. v. 26.

FIERY-FOOTED:
     1 anilopamaḥ (mā maṃ), Mah.;
     2 vātaraṃhas (mfn.) and sim. comp.s, Ram.

FIFE: veṇuḥ: v. Flute.

FIFER:
     1 veṇudhmaḥ;
     2 veṇuvādaḥ -kaḥ.

FIFTEEN: pañcadaśan (mfn.) F. -th: pañcadaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).

FIFTH:
     I Adj.: pañcamaḥ (mī maṃ), in the f. place: pañcamataḥ.
     II Subs.:
     1 pañcabhāgaḥ; pañcāṃśaḥ or pañcalavaḥ;
     2 pañcamāṃśaḥ or pañcamabhāgaḥ. The f. note (in music): madhyamaḥ.

FIFTHLY:
     1 pañcamataḥ;
     2 pañcabham.

FIFTIETH:
     1 pañcāśattama; (mī maṃ);
     2 pañcāśaḥ (śī śaṃ).

FIFTY: pañcāśat (f.) Hundred and f.: sārddhaśatam.

FIG:
     I The tree:
     1 añjīraḥ (ficus carica);
     2 uḍumbaraḥ (ficus glomirata);
     3 nyagrodhaḥ or vaṭaḥ (f. Indica);
     4 aśvatthaḥ or pippalaḥ (f. religiosa);
     5 plakṣaḥ or parkaṭī (f. Infectiosa).
     II The fruit: añcīram (the common f.); uḍumbaram nyaiyagrodham āśvattham plākṣam of the other species named. Ph.: not to care a f. for anything: na tṛṇāya manyate (man, c. 4.).

FIGHT (v.i.):
     1 yudhyate ni- (yudh, c. 4.), where women could f.: striyo'piyatra yudhyeyuḥ, V.p.; with whom you are eager to f.: kena te yoddhamutsahate manaḥ, Mah. ii. 23. 2.;
     2 yodhayati (c. of yudh) (= to f. with), Indra went out to f. with Krishna for the sake of the Pārijāta: prayayau pārijātārthamindro yodhayituṃ harim, V. p.;
     3 yuddhaṃ karoti kurute, I wish to f. a duel with Arjuna: ahaṃ pārthena dvandvayuddhaṃ kartumicchāmi, Mah.

FIGHT (v.t.):
     I Lit.: yodhayati.
     II Fig., to carry on: to f. one's way: pathaṃ mocayati (muc, c. 10.); to f. a cause: kāryārthaṃ vadati (vad, c. 1.) (?).

FIGHT, FIGHTING: (subs.):
     1 yuddham, who did not wish f. with him: yo'nena yuddhaṃ neyeṣa, Mah.;
     2 raṇam (prop.=battle), I defy you, come to f.: āhvaye tvāṃ raṇaṃ gaccha, Mah. ii. 45. 2.;
     3 niyuddham (= close f., foot-f.), very strong on elephant, on horse-back, and in foot-f.: gajapṛṣṭhe'śvapṛṣṭhe ca niyuddhe ca mahābalāḥ, Mah. i. 132. 29.;
     4 āyodhanam (rare), if both fall in the f.: āyoghene cedumayornighātaḥ, Vi. ii. 12.;
     5 yudh (f.) (rare), Ku.

FIGHTER:
     1 yoddhṛ (m.);
     2 yodhin (m.).

FIGMENT: kalpanā: v. Fiction, invention, untruth.

FIGURATE:
     I Lit.: ākāravat (f. ).
     II Discordant: q.v.

FIGURATIVE:
     1 gauṇa (f. ṇī) (= not literal);
     2 sālaṅkāraḥ (rā raṃ) (= flowery);
     3 lākṣaṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= significant);
     4 vyañjakaḥ (kā kaṃ) =indicatory); for dif. v. Kav. ii.

FIGURATIVELY: expr. by adj.

FIGURE (subs.):
     I Form: q.v.: mūrtiḥ.
     II An image: q.v.: mūrtiḥ.
     III A design: mūrtiḥ.
     IV A numeral: aṅkaḥ.
     V Price: mūlyam.
     VI A f. of speech: alaṅkāraḥ.
     VII In dancing: pracāraḥ, undulating f.: (?) gomūtrikāpracāraḥ, D.

FIGURE (v.):
     I Lit.: v. To form.
     II To depict: q.v.: rūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     III To calculate: q.v.: gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.).
     IV To indicate: q.v.: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.).
     V To image: kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.). F.d.: i.e. adorned with f. s: citraḥ (trā traṃ). F. out: gaṇayati. F. up: saṃkalayati (kal, c. 10.): v. To add.

FILACEOUS:
     1 satramayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 tantumayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

FILAMENT:
     1 keśa(sa)raḥ;
     2 kiñjalakaḥ.

FILBERT: phalaviśeṣaḥ; *kuccaphalam.

FILCH: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.): v. To steal.

FILCHER: moṣakaḥ: v. Thief.

FILCHINGLY;
     1 moṣeṇa;
     2 caurikayā;
     3 cauryeṇa.

FILE (subs.)
     I Of soldiers: perh. daṇḍapaṃktiḥ.
     II An orderly collection: perh. samaṣṭiḥ.
     III A line or wire on which letters are kept: perh. guṇaḥ
     IV A list: perh. nāmāvaliḥ. V. A steel instrument: perh. retrī (comp. vern. reti).

FILE (v.i.): daṇḍavyūhena yāti (, c. 2.) or yātrāṃ karoti, M.

FILE (v.t.):
     I To smooth: q.v.
     II To arrange: *guṇīkaroti.

FILIAL: expr. by comp., f. duty: putradharmaḥ.

FILIALLY:
     1 putravat;
     2 putraiti and sim. expr. s.

FILIATION:
     I Lit.: putratvam.
     II Af-f.: janakatvāropaṇam (?).

FILIGREE: *jālakarman, f. busket: jālakarmapeṭikā.

FILING: cūrṇam (= powder), iron-f. lauhacūrṇam.

FILL (v.t.);
     I Lit.:
     1 pūrayati pra- pari- saṃ- ā- prati-, (pūr, c. 10.), f. -ing the pot with water: vāriṇā kamaṇḍalumāpūrya, K.;
     2 bibharti (bhṛ, c. 1.) (rare), I (will) f. my prison with them: tairbhibharmi svakārām, Vi.
     II To cause to abound: pūrayati pra- pari- saṃ-, being f. ed with ascetics: pūryamāṇaṃ tapasvibhiḥ, R. i. 49.
     III To satisfy; q.v.: pūrayati.
     IV Of office etc.: perh. pūrayati, to f. the throne: siṃhāsanasya pratipūraṇāya, R. xviii. 40.

FILL (v.i.): pūryate pra- pari- saṃ- ā- prati-, (pass. of pūr), the begging pot f. ed with fruits dropped naturally: svayaṃpatitaiḥ phalairapūryata bhikṣābhājanam, K.

FILL IN: pūrayati (with loc.): v. To fill.

FILL UP:
     I Trans: pari-pūrayati saṃ- ā-, is the earth f. ed up in the uneven parts: pūritā nu viṣameṣu dharitrī, Ki. ix. 15.; one who f. s up a dikS: parikhāpūrakaḥ, M.
     II Intrans: pari-pūryate saṃ-.

FILL (subs.): gen. in pl. 'my f.', 'your f.' best expr. by yatheccham, U.

FILLER:
     1 pūraka (f. rikā), pari- saṃ-;
     2 pūrayitṛ (f. trī).

FILLET (subs.):
     I A band: paṭṭaḥ.
     II Of meat: khaṇḍaḥ (?).

FILLET (v.): paṭṭena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.); v. To bind.

FILLING (subs.):
     I The act; pūraṇam.
     II That which fills: perh. pūraṇam.

FILLIP:
     I Verb: perh. sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ).
     II Subs. perh. sphoṭanam.

FILM:
     I A covering: paṭalam.
     II A slender thread: sūkṣmatantuḥ.

FILMY: sūkṣmatantughaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ), V. d. and sim. comp.

FILTER (subs.): *pāvakī, carbon f.: *aṅgārapāvakī.

FILTER (v.t.): punāti (, c. 9.): v. To purify, clean.

FILTH (subs.): malam (lit. and fig.): v. Dirt, foul.

FILTHILY: samamala: v. Dirtily, foully.

FILTHINESS: samalatā: v. Dirtiness, foulness.

FILTHY: samalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Dirty, foul.

FILTRATE, FILTRATED:
     1 pūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 śodhitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-.

FILTRATION:
     1 pāvanam;
     2 śodhanam vi-.

FIN: perh. hillaḥ (comp. Bengali il).

FINABLE: arthadaṇḍārha (f. rhā) or (when the sense is clear) daṇḍārha (f. rhā).

FINAL:
     1 paramaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 antimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     3 antya (f. ntyā);
     4 paścimaḥ (mā maṃ), remembering the f. order: smarantaḥ paścimāmājhām, R. xvii. 8.

FINALLY: caramam: v. Lastly.

FINALITY:
     I Lastness: caramatā.
     II Conclusiveness: akhaṇḍyatā.

FINANCE: āyaḥ, your f. s superintended by loyal (men): āyastava bhaktairanu(dhi ?)ṣṭhitaḥ, Mah. ii. 5. 67.

FINANCIAL: āyavyayasambandhin (f. ). Ph.: to improve the f. condition: koṣavṛddhiṃ karoti, Nil.; his f. condition is bad: na sphītastasyāyaḥ.

FINANCIER:
     I An officer: āyavyayādhyakṣaḥ; arthanāyakaḥ (?).
     II One skilled in finance: āyavyayakuśalaḥ; arthavidyāviśāradaḥ (?).

FINCH: susvaraḥ pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

FIND:
     I In gen.:
     1 upalabhate (labh, c. 1.), after careful search did not f. him: nipuṇamanviṣya nopalabdhavān, D. ii.;
     2 prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.) (= to get: q.v.), whoever is found there at night with other woman: yo naraḥ prāpyate tatra rātrau saha parastriyā, K. s.
     II To furnish:
     1 dadāti (, c. 3.) (= to give: q.v.);
     2 yojayati pra- ni-, (yuj, c. 10.) (= to cause to join), Ku. iv. 42.

FIND OUT:
     I Lit.: upalabhate: v. To find.
     II To discover: jānāti (jñā, c. 9. =to know: q.v.), f. out the cause of his anxiety: jānīhi tasyotkaṇṭhākāraṇam, V. ii.
     III To solve: expr. by vadati (vad, c. 1.), bravīti (brū, c. 2.), etc. (= to say), f. out. the amount of their money: tayorvada dhane mama kiṃpramāṇe, Vij.; f. out how many pearls this necklace is made of: kathaya katipayairmauktikaireṣa hāraḥ, Li.

FINDER:
     1 upalabdhṛ (f. bdhrī);
     2 āsādayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 better by verb.

FINDING (subs.): in law:
     1 nirṇayaḥ;
     2 perh. upalambhaḥ (bdhiḥ).

FINE (adj.):
     I Not coarse or heavy: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā), coarse and f.: sthūlaḥ sūkṣmaḥ, Ku. ii. 11.; f. thread: sūkṣmatantuḥ V. d.; of f. intellect: sūkṣmabuddhi (mfn.) M. n.
     II Excellent, good: q. v.
     1 utkṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 su- in comp., having f. teeth: sudat (f. ), N.
     III Beautiful, elegant: śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ), f. language: śobhanoktiḥ; oh. f. lady: śobhane, Mah.
     IV Artful: q. v.

FINE (subs.): arthadaṇḍaḥ or sim. daṇḍaḥ (when the sense is clear), unable to pay the f.: daṇḍaṃ dātumaśaknu van, M.; is liable to a fine of 100 (panas): śataṃ daṇḍamarhati, M.; is to be punished with a f. of fifty panas: pañcāśat paṇān daṇḍayaḥ, K. b.

FINE (v.t.):
     I To refine: q.v.
     II To decorate: q.v.
     III To impose a f.:
     1 arthadaṇḍaṃ karoti;
     2 daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10.) (= to punish when the sense is clear);
     3 daṇḍaṃ or damaṃ dāpayati (c. of =to cause to give), should f. him double: taṃ dāpayed dviguṇaṃ damam, Y. iii. 309.

FINE-DRAW: sūkṣmaṃ sīvyati (siv, c. 4.): v. To sew.

FINE-FINGERED: sūkṣmakarmanipuṇa (f. ṇā); laghuhasta (f. stā) (dexterous: q.v.).

FINELY:
     I Minutely: sūkṣmam.
     II Elegantly: śobhanam; better by adj.

FINENESS:
     1 sūkṣmatā (= minuteness, delicacy);
     2 utkṛṣṭatā (= excellence);
     3 śobhā (= beauty);
     4 nirmalatā (=clearness).

FINERY: alaṅkāraḥ: v. Decoration, ornament.

FINESSE: chalam: v. Artifice, stratagem.

FINGER (subs.): aṅguliḥ (), the fore f.: tarjanī; the middle f.: madhyamā; a ring for the middle f.: madhyamopalaḥ; Ki. ix. 2.; the third or ring f.: anāmikā; the little f.: kaniṣṭhā. Measuring two f. s in breadth: dvyaṅgulaḥ (lā laṃ). To snap or crack the f. s: aṅgulisphoṭanaṃ or -moṭanaṃ karoti, M. Five-f. ed wood: pañcāṅgulaṃ dāru, S. k.

FINGER (v.t.):
     I Lit.: aṅgulyā spṛśati (spṛś, c. 1.).
     II To pilfer: perh. aṅguliṃ cālayati (c. of cal) (with loc.).

FINGER-GLASS: *aṅgulidhāvanapātram.

FINGER-POST: v. Signpost.

FINICAL: ekāntasūkṣma (f. kṣmā) (?).

FINING (subs.):
     I Lit.: v. To fine.
     II Clarification: q.v.: pāvanam.
     III That which refines: pāvanadravyam (?).

FINISH (v.t.):
     I To put an end to: samāpayati (c. of āp), and f. (your) axe: samāpayatu paraśuṃ ca, Vi. iii.: v. End.
     II To complete: q.v.: samāpayati, f. ing the work proper for morning: prātaḥkālocitamanuṣṭhānaṃ samāpya, M. n.
     III To polish: q.v.

FINISH (subs.):
     1 samāptiḥ;
     2 antaḥ (= end: q.v.).

FINISHER:
     1 samāpaka (f. pikā);
     2 samāpayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 antakaḥ (= ender).

FINITE:
     1 paricchedya (f. dyā);
     2 prameyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (-measurable);
     3 nirūpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be ascertained).

FINITENESS:
     1 paricchedyatā;
     2 prameyatā (= measurableness).

FINLESS: hillahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (?) and sim. comp.s.

FINNIKIN: pārāvataviśeṣaḥ.

FIR: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; devadāruḥ, Monier Williams.

FIRE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 agniḥ, who threw f. on our fort: kenāsmaddurge nikṣipto'gniḥ, H.; to throw oneself into f.: agniṃ viśati (viś, c. 6.),;
     2 vahniḥ, the f. spread according to the turning of the wind: tatāna vahniḥ pavanānuvṛttyā, Ki. xvi. 52;
     3 analaḥ, burning f.: jvalitānalaḥ, Si.; forest f.: dāvānalaḥ, Ki.
     4 jvalanaḥ, the weapon of f.: jvalanasyāstram, Ki.;
     5 pāvakaḥ, a good f. susandīptaḥ pāvakaḥ, P.;
     6 dahanaḥ.
     II Fig.: tejas (n.), that is ever-rising f. (of horses): tattejaḥsatatotthitam, M. n.
     III Of fire-arms: agniḥ: v. (I).

FIRE (v.t.):
     I To set on f.: q.v.
     II To inflame, animate: q.v.: uttejayati (tij, c. 10.).
     III To f. up.: dīpayati (c. of dīp): v. Light (I).
     IV To discharge, as a gun: muñcati (muc, c. 6.) (?).

FIRE (v.i.):
     I To kindle: q.v.: dīpyate (dīp, c. 4.).
     II Of f. arms: āgneyāstraṃ muñcati.

FIRE, ON:
     1 agniparītaḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comp.s., the inner apartment of the princess as if on f.: rājakanyāntaḥpuramagniparītamiva, D. i.;
     2 agninābhibhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim., comp.s., Ku. xvii. 40.

FIRE, TO SET ON:
     1 dāhayati (c. of dah) (= cause to burn), set the house on f.: dāhitaṃ gṛham, Mu. ii.;
     2 dīpayati ā-, (c. of dīp) (= to light: q.v.) Ram.;
     3 by circumlo, set the house of Rāvaṇa on f.: jvaladagni rāvaṇagṛhaṃ kṛtavān, B. x. 2.;
     4 agniṃ muñcati (muc, c. 6.), visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.) (= to put f.), and setting the houses of Rākshasas on f.: visṛjya rakṣobhavaneṣu cāgnim, Ram. v. 50. 21.

FIRE, TO TAKE:
     1 agniṃ prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), vahniṃ samāgacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc., P. x. 11.;
     2 jvalati (jval, c. 1.) (= to burn: q.v.).

FIRE-ARM: āgneyāstram (?); āgnyastram (?); etc.

FIRE-BALL:
     I Lit: agnigolaḥ (?).
     II Heavenly: ulkā.

FIRE-BRAND:
     I Lit.: jvaladalātam; ulkā; ulmukam, Mah.
     II Fig: agnidaḥ (?)

FIRE-ENGINE: *agninirvāpaṇayantram.

FIRE-ESCAPE: *agnitrāṇam

FIRE FLY: prabhākīṭaḥ: v. Glow-worm

FIRE-GUARD: *agnyāvaraṇam; agninirodhaḥ.

FIRE-MAN:
     I Of an engine: *agnidarśakaḥ.
     II To extinguish fire: agninirvāpakaḥ (?)

FIRE-PAN:
     1 agnyādhāraḥ;
     2 aṅgāradhānikā;
     3 aṅgāriṇī.

FIREPLACE: agnisthānam (?) (not cullī=cooking place).

FIREPROOF: anagnidhṛṣya (f. ṣyā) (?): v. Incombustible.

FIRE-SHIP: *agnipotaḥ; śatrupoteṣu vahnisaṃyojanagapotaḥ.

FIRE-SIDE: expr. by agniḥ or gṛham (= house)

FIRE-STONE: agnyupalaḥ (?); āgneyāśman (m.) (?).

FIRE-WARD,-EN: *agninirvāpakādhyakṣaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

FIREWOOD: indhanam: v. Fuel.

FIREWORKS:
     I The play:
     1 agnikrīḍā;
     2 vahnikrīḍanam, Raj.: and sim. comp. s
     II The preparations: *agnikrīḍanadravyāṇi (n. pl.) (?).

FIRE-WORSHIP: agnyupāsanā, San. F. -er:
     1 agnyupāsakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 agnidevaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     3 agnimatānuvartin (f. ), San.

FIRING:
     I The act.: āgneyāstramocanam (?).
     II Application of fire: agniprayogaḥ.
     III Fuel: q.v.: dāhyam.

FIRKIN: mānaviśeṣaḥ; droṇārddham (?).

FIRM: (adj.):
     1 dṛḍhaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ), made a bridge f. er than the friendship of Sugriva: sugrīvasakhyādapi dṛḍhaṃ setumakarot., Ma. n. vi. 30.; seeing the attack was very f.: dṛḍhataramabhiyogaṃ vīkṣya, Vi. vi. 27; to make it more f.: dṛḍhatarīkartum, D. iii.;
     2 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ) (= constant: q.v.), f. -minded: sthiradhīḥ, R. viii. 88.; of f. instuction: sthiropadeśaḥ (śā śaṃ), Ku. i. 30.

FIRM (v.): v. To confirm, firm (adj.).

FIRM (subs.): samavāyaḥ (?).: v. Also partnership.

FIRMAMENT: nabhastalam: v. Sky, heaven.

FIRMAMENTAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 ākāśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 vaihāyasaḥ (sī saṃ)

FIRMLY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 dṛḍham;
     3 sthiram (= constantly).

FIRMNESS:
     1 dṛḍhatā;
     2 dārḍhyam;
     3 draḍhiman (m.);
     4 sthairyaṃ or sthiratā (= constancy);
     5 saṃhatiḥ (= compactness).

FIRST (adj.):
     1 prathamaḥ (mā maṃ) (of time, place, or rank), on the f. day. of Ashāḍha: āṣaḍhasya prathamadivase, Me. i. 1.; in the f. court: prathame prakoṣṭhe, Mr. iv.; f. of those, who share in sacrifices: makhāṃśabhājāṃ prathamaḥ, R. iii. 44.: v. Also chief;
     2 ādi- in comp. or ādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ) or ādimaḥ (mā maṃ) (= the beginning), the f. poet: ādikaviḥ; on the f. day of separation: ādye virahadivase, Me. ii. 31.;
     3 pūrva-, in comp. (when there is comparison), the f. half: pūrvārddham, R.; the f. part of the day: pūrvāhṇaḥ;
     4 agyraḥ (gyrā gyraṃ) or agrimaḥ (mā maṃ) or agraṇī (n. ṇī) (= foremost), you are the f. to eat: bhoktuṃ bhavānagraṇīḥ, Ma. n. ix. 86. Ph.: for the f. time:
     1 tatprathamam, Si xv. 42.;
     2 tatpūrvam, Ki. vii. 11.; the f. of archers: cāpabhṛtāṃ purogaḥ, R.

FIRST (adv.):
     1 prathamam, f. of all, this is itself a great wonder: prathamaṃ tāvadidameva mahadāścaryam, K.;
     2 pūrvaṃm, f. of all, I am a fool: pūrvaṃ tāvadahaṃ mūrkhaḥ, P. iii. 13; the king f. reflected in this way; itthaṃ nṛpaḥ pūrvamavāluloce, B. i. 23.;
     3 prāk, f. (took her) to the king of Magadha: prāk sannikarṣaṃ magadheśvarasya, R. vi. 20.;
     4 purā, f. ascertained to be an assemblage of light: cayastviṣāmityavadhāritaṃ purā, Si. i. 3.;
     5 ādau (= in the beginning), at f. fivasiddhi was banished from the city: ādāvevajīvasiddhirnagarānnirvāsitaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     6 agre (= before anything else), D. vi. N.B.
     3 and
     4 with ref. to time only.

FIRST-BEGOTTEN, FIRST-BORN (adj.):
     1 agrajaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 agrajanman (mfn.);
     3 pūrvaṃjaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     4 pūrvaprasūtaḥ, (tā taṃ) (rare).

FIRST-FRUIT: prathamaphalāni (n. pl.) (?) and sim. comp.s.

FIRSTLING: expr. by adj.: v. First-begotten.

FIRSTLY:
     1 prathamataḥ;
     2 prathamam;
     3 pūrvam;
     4 ādau.

FISC: v. Treasury.

FISCAL: koṣaḥ in comp. or koṣasya (gen): v. Also financial.

FISH (subs.):
     1 matsyaḥ, caught f. es with various traps: babandhurvividhairyogairmatsyān, Mah.: f. es with one bone: ekakaṇṭakā matsyāḥ, Ram.;
     2 mīnaḥ, raw-f.-eaters: āmamīnāśanāḥ, Ram.;
     3 bhkaṣaḥ (rare). F. basket.
     1 matsyadhānī;
     2 kuveṇī;
     3 matsyakaraṇḍikā.

FISH (v.):
     I Lit.: matsyān badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) or dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.).
     II Fig.: v. To search.

FISH-BONE:
     1 kaṇṭaka (nm.) (= small f.);
     2 asthi (n.) (= large bone).

FISHER, FISHERMAN:
     1 dhīvaraḥ;
     2 kaivartaḥ;
     3 jālu(li)kaḥ
     4 mātsyikaḥ;
     5 ānāyī, R. xvi. 55.;
     6 matsyabandhaḥ matsyopajīvin (m.), etc. Mah;
     7 dāsaḥ. N.B.
     2 and
     7 are f.castes.

FISHERY:
     I The act:
     1 matsyabandhanam;
     2 matsyadhāraṇam.
     II The place: prob. matsyabandhaḥ; matsyasthānam (?).

FISHFUL: prabhūtamatsya (f. tsyā), Mah.; and sim. comp.s.

FISH-HOOK
     1 vaḍiśam;
     2 matsyavedhanam -nī.

FISH-TYING-ROPE:
     1 udyānam, Mah. s. 137. 115.;
     2 grathanasūtram, Nil.

FISHING:
     1 matsyadhāraṇam, Tārānāth;
     2 matsyabandhanam, Sa. v.

FISHING-BOAT: jālikanauḥ and sim. comp.s.

FISHING-FROG: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

FISHING LINE: vaḍiśasūtram.

FISHING-NET:
     1 jālaḥ;
     2 ānāyaḥ (rare).

FISHING-TACKLE: matsyabandhanopakaraṇam (gen. term).

FISHMONGER:
     1 matsyavikretṛ (m.);
     2 matsyavikrayin (m.).

FISHY:
     I Fishful: q.v.
     II Extravagant: prob. jālika- in comp.

FISSURE:
     I Subs.:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram.
     II Verb: v. To divide, leave.

FIST: muṣṭiḥ. struck back with the f.: muṣṭibhiḥ pratijaghāna, Ki. xviii. l.; a blow with the f.: muṣṭighātaḥ, M. n.

FISTICUFFS: muṣṭīmuṣṭipraharaṇam, Vi.; muṣṭiyuddham.

FISTULA:
     I A disease: bhagandaraḥ (anal f.).
     II A pipe: q.v.

FISTULOUS: Ph.: f. sore: nāḍi or nāḍī -vraṇam, Bha.

FIT (subs.):
     I A convulsion: mūrcchā, then men get f. s: tadā mūrcchanti mānavāḥ, Bha.
     II An attack: q.v.: in a f. of rage: krodhamūrcchitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ram.; in a f. of madness: vāyugrastaḥ (stā staṃ).
     III A vicissitude: vilāsaḥ.

FIT (adj.):
     1 yogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ), f. for sending to Lankā: laṅkāprasthāpanayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ), Ma. n.; I am f. (to hold the weapon), you are not f., how is this: yogyo'hamayogyo bhavāniti kathametat, Mu. vii.;
     2 ucitaḥ (tā taṃ), f. for riding: turaṅgādhirohaṇocitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.;
     3 kṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= able, adequate), dress f. for going to hunting fields: mṛgavanopagamakṣamaveṣaḥ, R. ix. 50.: v. Also proper.

FIT (v.):
     I To make f.: expr. by adj.
     II Of tailors, etc.: perh. samānīkaroti.
     III To besuitable to: perh. samānībhavati (with gen.). Comp.: (a) f. out: sajjīkaroti; (b) f. up: alaṅkaroti, Dwārakā was f. ed to honour the son of Pandu: kuntīputrasya pūjārthaṃ dvārakālaṅkṛtā babhūva, Mah. i. 216. 16.

FITCH:
     I A chick-pea: caṇakaḥ.
     II A fur: q.v.

FITFUL:
     1 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 capalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 lolaḥ (lā laṃ).

FITLY:
     1 yuktam;
     2 ucitam;
     3 better by adj.

FITNESS:
     1 yogyatā;
     2 aucityam;
     3 kṣamatā. For dif.: v. Fit.

FITTING:
     I The act: v. To fit.
     II Anything used in f. up: sajjā (?); upakaraṇam (?).

FIVE: pañcan (mfn.). F. or six: pañcaṣa (f. ṣā) (only in pl.), Vi. F. times: pañcakṛtva; or pañcavārān. In f. ways or parts: pañcadhā. F. hundred: pañcaśatm. F. -fold: pañcaguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ). Having f. claws: pañcanakha (f. khī), M.

FIVE-FINGER, FIVE-LEAF: a plant *pañcadalaḥ (pañcāṅgulaḥ is another p.).

FIVES: a play: pañcakakrīḍā (?).

FIX (subs.) Ph.: Krishna thought himself to be on a f.: kṛṣṇa ātmānaṃ cakrāntarasthitamiva mene, V. p.

FIX (v.t.):
     I To set, establish: sthāpayati (c. of sthā), f. ing (them) as two trophies: kīrtistambhadvayamiva sthāpayitvā, R. xv. 103.
     II To fasten: q.v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     III To implant: q.v.

FIX (v.i.):
     I To rest: q.v.: tiṣṭhati ava-, (sthā, c. 2.), not f. ed on darlings: dayitāsvanavasthitam, Ku. iv. 28.
     II To f. on: sthirīkarotiḥ v. To resolve.

FIXED (adj.):
     I Firm: q.v.: sthiraḥ (rā raṃ),
     II Fastened: baddhaḥ (f. ddhā), ni-, with eyes whose aim is immovably f.: niścalanibaddhalakṣyeṇa cakṣuṣā, K.
     III Of mind:
     1 ekāgraḥ (grā graṃ);
     2 ananya- in comp.

FIXEDLY:
     1 sthiram;
     2 dṛḍham (= firmly);
     3 by adj.

FIXEDNESS:
     I Firmness: q.v.: sthairyaṃ or sthiratā.
     II Of mind: ekāgratā; ananyamanaskatā.

FIXTURE:
     I As of a house: no equiv.: expr. by saṅgīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Firmness: q.v. dṛḍhatā.

FLABBINESS:
     1 śithilatā;
     2 śaithilyam: v. Also softness.

FLABBY: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Also soft.

FLACCID: ślathaḥ (thā thaṃ), pra-: v. Flabby, soft.

FLACCIDITY: ślathatā: Flabbiness, softness.

FLAG (subs.):
     I A banner: q.v.:
     1 dhvajā;
     2 patākā.
     II F. stone: samaśilā (?).
     III A plant: golobhī (?).

FLAG (v.i.): mlāyati (mlai, c. 1.): v. To droop.

FLAG (v.t.):
     I To droop: q.v.
     II To lay with f. stone: ā-stṝṇāti (stṝ, c. 9.).

FLAG-STAFF:
     1 dhvajadaṇḍaḥ;
     2 ketuyaṣṭiḥ.

FLAGEOLET: vaṃśaḥ (gen. name: v. Flute).

FLAGGINFSS:
     1 śithilatā: v. Weakness;
     2 nīrasatā: v. Insipidity.

FLAGGING:
     I A pavement: samaśilā bhūmiḥ (?).
     II Flags: samaśilā (?).

FLAGGY:
     I Weak, flexible: q.v.: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Insipid: q.v.: nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ).

FLAGITIOUS:
     I Of acts: mahāpāpa- in comp.
     II Of men: ghorapātakin (f. ): v. Also atrocious.

FLAGITIOUSLY: expr. by adj. "so f. unjust": etādṛśaṃ ghoramanyāyyam.

FLAGON: puṭagrīvaḥ (?): v. Vessel.

FLAGRANCY:
     I Enormous:
     1 ghoratā;
     2 dāruṇatā -tvam ghoraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 dāruṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Glowing, raging: dīpyamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

FLAIL: kaṇḍanayaṣṭiḥ (?).

FLAKE: perh. piṇḍa (mn.).

FLAKY: piṇḍamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

FLAMBEAU: ulkā, then they went about at the head of the battle with f. s in their hands: ulkāhastau tadā rātrau raṇamūrdhni viceratuḥ, Ram.

FLAME (subs.): śikhā, as if coming out in f. s: śikhābhirviniścaran, Vi. v. 26.;
     2 jvālā, with hairy f.s.: jvālāsaṭaiḥ, Ki. xvi. 50.;
     3 arcisa (f.), with circles of fiery f. s.: aruṇairarciṣāṃ cakravālaiḥ, Vi. vi. 4.

FLAME (v.):
     I Intrans: jvalati (jval, c. 1.): v. To burn.
     II Trans.: v. To inflame.

FLAMINGO: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *śoṇacchadaḥ marālaḥ (??).

FLAMY:
     1 śikhāvat (f. );
     2 śikhin (f. );
     3 jvālāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

FLANK (subs.): pāśrva (mn.) or pārśvadeśaḥ, in front, on the rear, and on the f. s.: agre pṛṣṭhe ca pārśvayoḥ, A. r.; (the horse) as if painted on the f. s: ullikhitamiva pārśvayoḥ, K.

FLANK (v.):
     I To border, touch: q.v.
     II To attack the f.: pārśvaṃ hanti abhi-, (han, c. 2.), Ka.
     III To guard the f.: pārśve or pārśvayoḥ rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).

FLANNEL: *prāṇalam, F. led: *prāṇalavastrāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

FLAP (subs.):
     I Anything that hangs loose: prālambaḥ (?).
     II F. -ping;
     1 dhūnanam vi-;
     2 āsphālanam.
     III In pl. aśvānāmoṣṭharogabhedaḥ.

FLAP (v.t.):
     I To strike: q.v.: tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.).
     II To shake:
     1 dhūnāti or dhūnīte (dhū, c. 9.);
     2 āsphālayati (c. of sphal).

FLARE (subs.):
     1 lolaśikhā;
     2 cāñcalyaprabhā, and sim. comp.s.

FLARE (v.): expr. by subs.: v. Also to glare.

FLARINGLY:
     1 lolam;
     2 cañcalam;
     3 by adj. na stimitaḥ (tā taṃ).

FLASH (subs.):
     1 sphuritam, terrified with f. es of wreathy lightning: vidyuddāmasphuritacakitaḥ (tā taṃ), Me. i. 28.;
     2 sphuraṇam.

FLASH (v.i.): sphurati (sphur, c. 6.) (lit. and fig.), they are f. ing with rage: sphuritamanayoḥ krodhena, U. v.

FLASHY:
     I Lit.: kṣaṇaprabha (f. bhā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Insipid: nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ).

FLASK:
     1 bhāṇḍam (gen. term.);
     2 mahākūpī (?).

FLASKET:
     I For viands: annapātram (?).
     II A basket: q.v.

FLAT (adj.):
     I Plain, level: samaḥ (mā maṃ), to lay f.: samīkaroti, Ku. or fig. pātayati (c. of pat) (= to fell), V. p.
     II Dull, insipid: nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ).
     III Positive, clear: sphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ), "that is f.": sphuṭametat.
     IV Of letters: ghoṣavat (f. ), T. p. i. 14. V. Of nose, etc.: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

FLAT (subs.):
     I Lit.: samabhūmiḥ.
     II A shallow: q.v.
     III A boat:
     1 tarālu;
     2 tarāndhu.
     IV A car: yānaviśeṣaḥ.
     V A dull fellow: sthūlabuddhi (mfn.), K.
     VI Story: q.v.
     VII A f. part: perh. pṛṣṭham.

FLAT (v.):
     I Lit.: samīkaroti.
     II To depress: q.v.

FLATLY
     I Evenly: samam.
     II Openly: sphuṭam.

FLATNESS:
     I Lit.: samatā.
     II Of nose, etc.: sthūlatā.
     III Dejection: q.v.: viṣādaḥ.
     IV Insipidity: nīrasatā.

FLATTEN:
     I Lit.: samīkaroti.
     II To fell: q.v.: pātayati (c. of pat).
     III To deject, depress: q.v.
     IV To make vapid: nīrasīkaroti.

FLATTER:
     I Lit.:
     1 stauti saṃ- abhi- pari-, (stu, c. 2.), who day and night f. s (him) as super-divine: yo'harniśamadhidaivatamiva stauti, K.: v. To praise;
     2 by subs., to f. one's vanity: cāṭūktibhirmānaṃ vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).
     II To gratify, please: q.v.: saṃ-toṣayati (c. of tuṣ).

FLATTERER:
     1 stotṛ (m.), saṃ-.: v. Praiser.;
     2 cāṭukāraḥ;
     3 saṃstavavaktṛ (m.), Mah. ii. 44. 6.

FLATTERING (adj.):
     1 prītivarddhanaḥ (nī naṃ) (= gratifying);
     2 śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (=fine);
     3 by subs.

FLATTERY:
     1 stavaḥ saṃ- (= praise: q.v.), with false f.: vitathaiḥ stavaiḥ, Si. xiv. 3.;
     2 cāṭuḥ or cāṭūktiḥ.

FLATTING:
     I The act.: samīkaraṇam.
     II A mode of painting: samīkaraṇam (?).

FLATULENCE, FLATULENCY:
     1 ajīrṇam (= indigestion);
     2 vātātmako'rocakaḥ (?), Sr.

FLATULENT:
     1 vātādhikaḥ (kā kaṃ) (!);
     2
     2 ajīrṇarogin (f. ṇī) (?).

FLAUNT:
     I Intrans: sagarvaṃ calati (cal, c. 1.) (?).
     II Trans.: v. To show.

FLAVOUR (subs.):
     1 āsvādaḥ: v. Relish;
     2 āmodaḥ: v. Fragrance.

FLAVOUR (v.): f. ing essences: susvādakarasāḥ (?); highly-f. ed wine: ugrasvādaṃ madyam (?).

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FLAVOURLESS: svādahīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Tasteless.

FLAW (subs.):
     I In gen.: chidram, evils multiply in f. s.: chidreṣvanarthā bahulībhavanti, H.: v. Defect, fault.
     II A quarrel: q.v. kaliḥ.
     III Of mind:. caṇḍavātaḥ.

FLAW: (v.t.): chidrayati (chidr, c. 10.): v. To break, crack.

FLAWLESS:
     1 acchidra (f. drā), f. should see the flaws of others: acchidraśchidradarśī syāt, Mah.;
     2 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     3 niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā).

FLAX:
     I The plant:
     1 kṣumā;
     2 atasī.
     II The skin: kṣumā.

FLAX-COMB: kṣumāmārjanī (?) and sim comp.s.

FLAX-DRESSER: kṣumāśodhakaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

FLAXEN: kṣaumaḥ (mī maṃ), f. -haired.: kṣaumakeśa (f. śī) (?).

FLAY (v.):
     1 tvacayati (nomi.);
     2 carma apanayati (, c. 1.), nirharati (hṛ, c. 1.), niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.), etc.;
     3 apatvacaṃ (n. k) karoti, D.

FLAYER: expr. by verb.

FLEA: daṃśaḥ (?), f.-bite: daṃśadaṃśaḥ (?).

FLEAK (subs.): binduḥ, A. r.: v. Spot.

FLECK (v.t.): citrayati (citr, c. 10.): v. To variegate, spot.

FLEDGE: exp. by subs., "not yet f. d": asañjātapakṣapuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ), K.; but when sufficiently f. d to go in the air: udbhinnapakṣatistu gaganatalasañcaraṇasamarthaḥ, K.

FLEE (v.i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 palāyate pra- vi-, (palāy, c. 1.), does not f. from battle: nāhavātpalāyate, Ki.;
     2 dravati vi- saṃ- pra-, (dru, c. I.), Mat.: v. Also to go away.
     II To avoid: q.v.: palāyate, piety f.s from there: tasmāddharmaḥ palāyate, S.p.

FLEECE (subs.): meṣaloman (n.) and sim. comp.s.

FLEECE (v.t.):
     I Lit.: apalo(ro)maṃ or vilo(ro)maṃ (f. māṃ) karoti.
     II Fig.:
     1 luṇṭhati (luṭh, c. 1.): v. To plunder;
     2 niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To extort.

FLEECY:
     1 lo(ro)maśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 bahuloman (mfn.).

FLEER (subs.):
     I A flier: palāyitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Derision: avahāsaḥ. (has, c. 1.): v. To mock, ridicule.

FLEET (subs.):
     I In gen.: potāvaliḥ (?).
     II Military: raṇapotāvaliḥ (?).

FLEET (adj.):
     1 prajavin (f. );
     2 vegin (f. );
     3 vegavat (f. );
     4 javanaḥ (nī naṃ), f. charger: javanavājī, R.: v. Swift.

FLEET (v.):
     I To fly swiftly: javena or drutaṃ prasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.) or calati (cal, c. 1.) etc.
     II To skim: q.v.

FLEETING (adj.):
     1 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 capalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 calaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 gatvaraḥ (rī raṃ) (rare), Ki.;
     5 acirasthayin (f. );
     6 kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Transient.

FLEETLY: drutam: v. Swiftly.

FLEETNESS:
     1 javaḥ;
     2 vegaḥ: v. Speed.

FLESH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 māṃsam, abstaining from f. and wine: nivṛttaḥ māṃsamadyayoḥ, Pa.; horse -f. is sweet (and) light: aśvamāṃsaṃ madhuraṃ ladhuraṃ laghu, Bha.;
     2 āmiṣam, the f. of buffalo is sweet: mahiṣasyāmiṣaṃ svādu, Mah.;
     3 piśitam (rare), f.-eater: piśitāśin (f. ), R.
     II Body: q.v.: māṃsam.
     III Mankind: q.v.
     IV Kindness: q.v.: perh. māṃsam. v. Carnality: kāmaḥ.
     VI Kindred: sanābhi (mfn.):
     VII Of fruit: vījam.

FLESH (v.):
     I Lit.: māṃsena bhojayati (c. of bhuj).
     II To glut, satiate: q.v.

FLESH-BROTH:
     1 māṃsarasaḥ;
     2 siddhamāṃsarasaḥ, Bha.

FLESHER:
     1 māṃsikaḥ;
     2 māṃsavikretṛ (m.);
     3 māṃsavikrayin (m.).

FLEFH-HOOK: *māṃsakarṣaṇī: v. Hook.

FLESHINESS: māṃsalatā: v. Plumpness.

FLESHLESS: nirmāṃsaḥ (sā saṃ) and sim. comp.s, from f. ness: nirmāṃsatayā, K.: v. Lean.

FLESHLINESS: viṣayāsaktiḥ: v. Carnality, sensuality.

FLESHLY:
     I Corporeal: q.v. śārīrikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Animal: māṃsa- in comp. Ph.: f. -minded: viṣayāsakta (f. ktā).

FLESH-MEAT: to take f.: māṃsāhāraṃ or āmiṣabhojanaṃ karoti.

FLESHY: māṃsalaḥ (lā laṃ), f. not tendinous: māṃsalāvaśirālau, D.: v. Plum.

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FLEX:
     1 namayati (c. of nam): v. To bend.

FLEXIBILITY:
     1 namyatā ava- ā-;
     2 kuñcanīyatā ā- ava-.

FLEXIBLE:
     1 namya (f. myā) or namanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), ā- ava-;
     2 kuñcanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), ā- ava-: V. Also soft, elastic.

FLEXION:
     1 namanam ā-;
     2 kuñcanam ā- ava-, their use is seen in unfolding and f.: prasāraṇākuñcanayordṛṣṭaṃ tāsāṃ prayojanam, Bha.

FLEXURE:
     I Flexion: q.v.
     II A turn, bend: q.v.

FLICKER:
     I To flutter: q.v.
     II Of flames etc.: expr. by adj. cañcalaḥ (lā; laṃ), asthiraḥ (rā raṃ), astimita. (tā taṃ).

FLIER:
     I Lit.: palāyakaḥ.
     II Of a spindle: bāduḥ (?).

FLIGHT (subs.):
     I Fleeing: palāyanam, taken to f.: palāyanaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā). To put to f.: vidrāvayati (c. of dru).
     II Of birds:
     1 ḍayanam, upward f.: uḍḍayanam;
     2 gatiḥ (= motion), of "lazy f.": mandagatiḥ, H.
     III Fig., soaring, wandering: ūrdhvagatiḥ (?).
     IV A flock: q.v.
     V Of stairs: niḥśreṇi -ṇī, R.

FLIGHT-SHOT: bāṇakṣepaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

FLIGHTY: cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fleeting, fickle.

FLIMSINESS:
     1 asāratā;
     2 niḥsāratā;
     3 durbalatā (= weakness).

FLIMSY:
     1 asāraḥ or niḥsāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 durbalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= weak).

FLINCH (v.):
     1 parāṅmukhīmavati;
     2 vimukhībhavati.

FLINCHER: expr. by verb.

FLINDER-MOUSE, FLITTER-MOUSE: carmacaṭī.

FLING (v.): kṣipati ni-, (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To throw, cast, emit. Comp.s.: f. away: avakṣipati; f. down: adhaḥkṣipati; f. in, f. off: avakṣipati; f. open: balāt apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.) (?). v. Also to break open; f. out: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.); f. up: avakṣipati tyajati.

FLING (subs.):
     I A throw: kṣepaḥ ni- pra-.
     II A gibe:
     1 ākṣepaḥ;
     2 avakṣepaḥ.

FLINT:
     1 agniprastaraḥ;
     2 araṇiḥ. F. glass: *araṇikācaḥ.

FLINTY:
     I Lit: by comp.
     II Cruel: vajya- in comp.

FLIP: pānīyaviśeṣaḥ; *plavaḥ. F. -dog: *plavalauhaḥ.

FLIPPANCY:
     I Of speech: vācālatā.
     II Of conduct: cāpalyam.

FLIPPANT:
     I In speech: vācālaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Empty, pert: q.v.: capalaḥ (lā laṃ).

FLIRT (v.):
     I To throw: q.v.
     II To toss about: sañcālayati (c. of cal).
     III To coquet: premālāpaṃ karoti (?).

FLIRT (subs.):
     I A jerk: q.v.
     II A coquette: premālāpanipuṇā (?).

FLIRTATION: premālāpaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

FLIT:
     I To fly: q.v.
     II To flutter: q.v.
     III To migrate: q.v.

FLITTER: cīram: v. Rag, tatter.

FLOAT (subs.):
     I A raft:
     1 plavaḥ;
     2 kolaḥ;
     3 uḍupaḥ.
     II Of the fishing line: taraṇḍa (mn.).

FLOAT (v.i.): plavate (pla, c. l,), pumpkins sinking in water and stones f. ing: amcuni majjantyalābūni grāvāṇaḥ plavanta iti, Vi. i.; a body of horse f. ing in that cloud of dust: tasminne va mahati rajasi plavamānamaśvavṛndam, C.

FLOAT (v.t.):
     I To cause to f.: expr. by plavate.
     II To deluge: q.v.: plāvayati (c. of plu).

FLOCK (subs.):
     1 yūtham;
     2 saṅghaḥ;
     3 kulam;
     4 vṛndam;
     5 kadambakam;
     6 gaṇaḥ;
     7 oghaḥ;
     8 vrātaḥ;
     9 vrajaḥ;
     10 samūhaḥ;
     11 by deriv., a. f. of pigeons: kāpotam.

FLOCK (v.): ekatra or ekastha (f. sthā) bhavati: v. Gather, crowd.

FLOG (v.):
     1 kaśayā (whip) or vetreṇa (rattan) praharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To beat;
     2 kaśāghātaṃ or vetrāghātaṃ karoti.

FLOGGING:
     1 kaśāghātaḥ;
     2 vetrāghātaḥ. Deserving f:. kaśya (f. śyā).

FLOOD (subs.):
     I A flow, f. of water: jalaughaḥ, Ki. or jalasaṃghātaḥ, Ku.
     II Deluge:
     1 āplāva;
     2 saṃplavaḥ, universal f.: ābhūtasaṃplavaḥ, Mat.;
     3 vanyā or vānam (= high f.). Ph.: all was a f. of water: sarvamāmbhasamevāsīt, Mah. or etadekārṇavaṃ sarvam, Mat.
     III Of tide: v. Tide.
     IV Abundance: q.v.: prācuryam. V. A stream: pravāhaḥ, f. of tears: aśrupravāhaḥ.

FLOOD (v.) plāvayati (c. of plu): v. To deluge.

FLOOD-GATE:
     I Lit.: nirgamanamārgaḥ, K. and sim. comp.s.
     II Any passage: mārgaḥ.

FLOOK: v. Fluke.

FLOOR (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 talam;
     2 bhūtalam: v. Ground.
     II Story: q.v.
     1 bhūmiḥ, in the seventh f.: saptamabhūmimāge, N. xxii. 1.;
     2 perh. talam (comp. Bengali dotālā tetālā, etc.).
     III A platform: q.v.

FLOOR (v.t.):
     I To furnish with a f.: expr. by subs.
     II To throw on the ground: bhūmau pātayati (c. of pat).

FLOOR-CLOTH: bhūmyāstaraṇam (?) and sim. comp.s.

FLOORING:
     I Pavement: q.v.
     II Materials for floor: *talāstaraḥ bhūmisrastaraḥ.

FLORA:
     I The goddess of flowers: nandanavanadevatā (?), K.
     II A list of plants: f. of Bengal: vaṅgānāṃ puṣpāvaliḥ or latākoṣaḥ (?).

FLORAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 pauṣpa (f. ṣpī);
     3 kausuma (f. ).

FLORID:
     I Red: q.v.: rakta (f. ktā).
     II Ornate: perh. puṣpitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 alaṅkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vicitraḥ (trā traṃ);
     4 ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ).

FLORIDITY: FLORIDNESS:
     I Redness: raktatā.
     II Of style:
     1 aujjvalyam;
     2 alaṅkāraḥ.

FLORIN: mudrāviśeṣaḥ *puṣpakam.

FLORIST:
     I Lit.: puṣpopajīvin (f. ), Ram.
     II Writer of a flora: *puṣpāvali- or latākoṣaracayitṛ (f. trī).

FLOTA: potāvaliḥ. Flotilla: kṣudrapotāvaliḥ.

FLOTATION:
     I The act: plavanam.
     II The science: plavanam -jhānam.

FLOUNCE (v.): aṅgāni vikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) or saṃcālayati (c. of cal).

FLOUNCE (subs.): aṅgavikṣepaḥ (?); aṅgacālanam (?).

FLOUNDER:
     I Verb: v. To flounce.
     II Subs.: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

FLOUR:
     I Of wheat:
     1 godhūmacūrṇam;
     2 godhūmapiṣṭam, Raj.
     II Of other grains: by cūrṇaṃ or piṣṭam, barlly f.: yavacūrṇam. Fried-grain-f.: śaktuḥ.

FLOURISH (subs.):
     I Show: āḍambaraḥ, with great f.: bahvāḍambarapūrvakam.
     II Of language: atiśayoktiḥ.
     III Brandishing: āsphālanam.

FLOURISH (v.i.):
     I To thrive: vardhate (c. of vṛdh).
     II To decorate: q.v.: atiśayoktiṃ karoti.
     III To brandish: q.v.

FLOURISH (v.t.):
     I To thrive: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).
     II To decorate: q.v.: alaṅkaroti.
     III To brandish: q.v.

FLOURISHING (adj.):
     1 samṛddha (f. ddhā) (= affluent);
     2 utkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (= excellent).

FLOUT:
     I Verb: avahasati (has, c. 1.) (with acc.)
     II Subs.; avahāsaḥ.

FLOW (subs.):
     I A pouring:
     1 sravaḥ sravaṇam or srutiḥ pari-, f. of eye-drops: aśrubindusrutiḥ, N. ix. 104;
     2 syandaḥ -nam ni- abhi-, emission of the f. of heaven: svargābhiṣyandavamanam, Ku. vi. 37.;
     3 pravāhaḥ (= stream): q.v.).
     II Of tide: vardhamānā velā: v. Tide.

FLOW (v.i.):
     I In gen.:
     1 sravati pra- pari-, (sru, c. 1.) (best equiv.), rivers like the Ganges f. towards the east: nadyo gaṅgādyāḥ pūrvāṃ diśaṃ prati sravanti, S.c.; honey- f. ing: madhusravaḥ (vā vaṃ), N.;
     2 syandati pra- abhi- ni-, (syand, c. 1.), as if the place from which the quarters f.: niṣyandamiva diśām, K.;
     3 pravartate (vṛt, c. 1.) (= to proceed: of language), Ki.
     II Of the tide: v. Tide.
     III To melt: q.v.
     IV To hang loose: lambate pra-, (lamb, c. 1.).

FLOWER (subs.):
     I In gen. sense:
     1 puṣpam, the stars, the f.s of heaven: tārāḥ khapuṣpāṇi, N.;
     2 kusumam, f. -bed: kusumāstaraṇam, Ku.;
     3 prasūnaṃ or prasavaḥ (rare), coming out of f.s: prasūnasyāgamaḥ, U. In f.: kusumitaḥ (tā taṃ) or puṣpitaḥ (tā taṃ), Mah.
     II Best part: sāramāgaḥ. F. of life: prauḍhayauvanam (?).
     III Menstrual discharge: puṣpam.

FLOWER (v.): expr. by subs., ever f. ing: nityapuṣpa (f. ṣpā), Me. v. Also to blossom.

FLOWERET: kṣudrapuṣpam; prasūnam

FLOWERLESS:
     1 apuṣpa (f. ṣpā);
     2 kusumahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp.

FLOWER-STALK:
     1 mañjarī;
     2 puṣpavṛntam;
     3 prasavabandhanam (poet).

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FLOWERY:
     I Lit.:
     1 puṣpamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 kusumamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     3 puṣpabahulaḥ (lā laṃ); etc.
     II Florid: q.v.: puṣpitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

FLOWINGLY:
     1 drutam;
     2 anargalam (without restraint).

FLUCTUATE (v.):
     1 dolāyate (nomi.): v. To waver;
     2 vicikitsate (= to hesitate: q.v.).

FLUCTUATION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II Unsteadiness: q.v.: cāñcalyam.
     II In pl., ups and downs: pātotpātāḥ.

FLUE: *vāyusrotas (n.); dhūmamārgaḥ.

FLUENCY:
     1 vākśaktiḥ;
     2 vākpāṭavam: v. Eloquence.

FLUENT:
     1 vaśyavāc (mfn.), Vi.;
     2 anargalavāc (mfn.);
     3 vacasvin (f. ), Si. xvii. 1.

FLUENTLY:
     1 anargalam (= without stop);
     2 aviśrāntam (= continuously).

FLUID:
     I Adj.: dravaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Subs.: dravaḥ -dravyam.

FLUIDITY, FLUIDNESS: dravatā -tvam, Par.

FLUKE: (*laṅgara-) dantāgraṃ or dantamukham (danta being the whole arm).

FLUMERY:
     I A pap: q.v.
     II Flattery: mithyāpraśaṃsā; vitathastavaḥ, Si.

FLUNKEY: pīṭhamardaḥ (?).

FLURRY (subs.):
     1 vyākulatāḥ v. Confusion;
     2 tvarā: v. Hurry.

FLURRY (v.):
     1 kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh): v. To agitate;
     2 udvejayati (c. of vij): v. To alarm.

FLUSH (subs.):
     I A rush: q.v.:
     II A blush: q.v. raktiman (m.).

FLUSH (adj.):
     I Lively: q.v.: praphullaḥ (llā llaṃ).
     II Affluent: q.v.
     III Liberal: q.v.: tyāgin (f. ).
     IV Level: samaḥ (mā maṃ).

FLUSH (v.t.):
     I To redden: q.v.: "faintly f. ed": īṣadaruṇitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To elate: utsecayati (c. of sic.
     III To agitate: kṣomayati.

FLUSH (v.i.):
     I To rush: q.v.
     II To redden: q.v.: aruṇībhavati.

FLUTE (subs.):
     I A pipe:
     1 veṇuḥ, a lute is played on, a f. is blown: vīṇā vādyate veṇuḥ pūryate, N.d.;
     2 vaṃśaḥ -śī;
     3 muralī, enchanted with the music of the f.: muralīnādamohitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II A channel, groove: rekhā (?).

FLUTE (v.):
     I Intrans: veṇuṃ pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.) etc.
     II Trans: gāyati (gai, c. 1.): v. To sing.

FLUTER, FLUTIST:
     1 veṇudhmaḥ;
     2 vāṃśikaḥ;
     3 vaṃśīdharaḥ.

FLUTTER (v.):
     I Lit.: pakṣau dhūnati or dhūnute or dhūnayati -te (dhū, c. 5. and 10)., N.
     II To fluctuate: dolāyate (nomi.).
     III To agitate: q.v.

FLUTTER (subs.):
     I Vibration, motion: q.v.
     II Agitation: kṣobhaḥ.

FLUVIAL, FLUVIATIC: nādeyaḥ (yī yaṃ) or by comp.

FLUX (subs.):
     I Flow: q.v.
     II Concourse: q.v. saṃmardaḥ.

FLUXIBLE: vilayanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Fusible.

FLUXION:
     I Flow: srutiḥ.
     II Decoration: udvartanam (?).

FLY (subs.):
     1 makṣikā;
     2 mācikā (rare).

FLY (v.i.):
     I As birds:
     1 ḍīyate or ḍayate (ḍī c. 4. and 1.);
     2 utpatati: v. To f. up;
     3 gacchati: v. To go.
     II To move rapidly:
     1 kṣipraṃ gacchati and sim. ph.s, f.ing more quickly than the mind: manaso'pyāśutaraṃ yataḥ, Ki. xiii. 22.: v. Go and rapidly;
     2 dhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.), f. ing through the firmament: gīrvāṇavartmanā dhāvan, K.
     III To flee: q.v.: palāyate (palāy, c. 1.)
     IV To burst open: q.v.

FLY (v.t.):
     I To avoid: q.v.: pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II To cause to start: cālayati (c. of cal), Ki.
     III As a kite: uḍḍīnaṃ (f. nāṃ) karoti.

FLY DOWN: avaḍīyate: v. To alight.

FLY ROUND: pariḍīyate.

FLY TOGETHER: as birds: saṃḍīyate.

FLY UP:
     1 uḍḍīyate;
     2 utpatati (= to go up: q.v.), flew up to the sky: viyadutpapāta, H. ii. 5.

FLYBLOW: makṣikāṇḍam. Fly-blown: makṣikāṇḍadūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

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FLYBOAT: drutanaukā (?).

FLYCATCHER: a bird: *makṣikāgrāhakaḥ.

FLYING: ḍayanam, f. up: uḍḍayanam; f. together: saṃḍīnam: v. To fly.

FLY-LEAF: *śuddhapatram.

FLY-TRAP: a plant: *kīṭagrahaḥ.

FOAL (v.): aśvaśāvaḥ (of a horse): v. Colt, filly.

FOAL (v.): sūte pra-, (, c. 2.): v. To bring forth.

FOAM (subs.):
     1 phenaḥ;
     2 hiṇḍīraḥ (= sea -f.) (rare): v. Froth.

FOAM (v.i.): phenāyate (nomi.): v. To froth.

FOAMY: phenilaḥ (lā laṃ), R. xiii. 2.: v. Frothy.

FOB:
     I A little pocket: ādhāraḥ.
     II To cheat: q.v.

FOCUS:
     I Subs.: kendram (?).
     II Verb: ekatrīkaroti (?).

FODDER (subs.):
     1 ghāsaḥ, and f. for horses is easily procurable: aśvaghāsaśca sugrahaḥ, K.s. xv. 124.;
     2 yavasaḥ.

FOE: śatruḥ, even-handed to both friends and foes: samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca, G.: v. Enemy.

FOG:
     1 kujbhkaṭikā;
     2 dhumi(pi)kā:
     3 kuhā.

FOGGINESS:
     1 kujbhkaṭikācchannatā;
     2 kuhāvṛtatā;
     3 dhūmalatā.

FOGGY:
     1 kujbhkaṭikācchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 kuhāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 dhūmalaḥ (lā laṃ).

FOH: āḥ; dhik (= fie).

FOIBLE:
     1 chidram;
     2 doṣaḥ: v. Fault.

FOIL (v.): moghīkarotiḥ v. To frustrate.

FOIL (subs.):
     I Defeat: q.v.: bhaṅgaḥ.
     II A blunt sword: mithyākhaṅgaḥ (?).
     III A leaf of metal: patram.
     IV Fig.: vibhūṣaṇam.

FOIST (v.): saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram)., Mr.

FOISTER:
     1 saṃkrāmakaḥ;
     2 saṃkrāmayitṛ (m.).

FOLD (v.):
     I To double: puṭīkaroti saṃ-, (?).
     II To confine: q.v.: niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).
     III Of doors: pidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

FOLD (subs.):
     I F. ing: bhaṅgiḥ or bhaṅgaḥ (?).
     II Embrace: q.v.
     III Sheep-pen: avarodhaḥ (?).

FOLDING-DOOR: maṅgapravaṇaṃ dvāram (?), dvipakṣadvāram, Mah. i. 205. 32.

FOLIAGE:
     1 patrāṇi (n. pl.);
     2 pallavaḥ (fresh f.).

FOLIATION: patrīkaraṇam (?);
     2 tanūkaraṇam (?).

FOLIO: viśālapatram (?) and sim. comp.s.

FOLK: lokaḥ: v. Man, people.

FOLLOW (v.t.):
     I In gen.:
     1 anugacchati (gam, c. 1.), f. ed her like a shadow: chāyeva tāmanvagacchat, R. ii. 6.; f. s heroic conduct: anugacchati vīravṛttam, U. v. 24.;
     2 anuyāti (, c. 2.), if I f. you: tvāmanuyāmi yadyapi, Ku. iv. 21.;
     3 anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.), how far did he come f. ing us: kiyadanusarannasmānasāvāgata iti, Ri.; f. ing the way of policy: nītimārgānusārin (f. ṇī), M. n.;
     4 anuvrajati (vraj, c. 1.) (lit.), f. ed up to the door: ādvāramanuvavrāja, Ram.;
     5 anudhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.) (= to run after: q.v.);
     6 anuvartate (vṛt, c. 1.) (fig.), for men f. their master's mind: prabhucittameva hi jano'nuvartate, Si.;
     7 anuvidadhāti or vidhatte (dhā, c. 3.) (= to do after), f. ing destiny: bhavitavyatānuvidhāyin (f. ), V.;
     8 anuvadati (vad, c. 1.) (= to speak after, repeat), is f. ing our speech: anuvadati giraṃ naḥ, R. v. 74.
     II As a result, consequence: expr. by labhate (labh, c. 1.) or prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.) (= to get) or sidhyati (sidh, c. 4.) (=to succeed) or not expr., it f. s from this that God is the source of all Shāstras: tasmāt prāptaṃ labdhaṃ or siddhaṃ brahmaṇaḥ sarvaśāstrayonitvam; because one man lives hundred years, it does not follow that every man will live hundred years: na hi śatāyuḥ puruṣo dṛṣṭa iti sarve śatāyuṣo bhavanti (after S.).

FOLLOWER:
     1 anugāmin (f. ), women follow the way of their husbands: striyaḥ patimārgānugāminyaḥ, M.n.;
     2 anuyāyin (f. ), a body of f.s: anuyāyivargaḥ, R. ii. 4.;
     3 anusārin (f. ṇī), f.s of the doctrines of faimini: jaiminimatānusāriṇaḥ, Va.;
     4 anugaḥ (gā gaṃ);
     5 anusara (f. ) (= attendant).

FOLLOWING (subs.):
     1 anugamanam (gen. lit.);
     2 anusaraṇam;
     3 anuvṛttiḥ (fig.), f. of royal duties: rājadharmānuvṛttiḥ, Mu.;
     4 anuyānam (rare): v. To follow.

FOLLOWING (adj.); i.e. next: q.v.: paraḥ (rā raṃ).

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FOLLY:
     1 mūrkhatā, oh, what sort of f. I have been: aho me mūrkhatāyāḥ prakāraḥ, K.;
     2 maurkhyam (rare);
     3 nirbuddhitā;
     4 buddhihīnatā: v. Foolishness.

FOMENT (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 uttāpayati (c. of tap) (?);
     2 sekaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) or dāpayati (c. of ), then girding it with a bandage, should f. with ghee: tataḥ paṭṭenasaṃveṣṭya ghṛtasekaṃ pradāpayet, S. N.B. siñcati or secayati pari- saṃ-, (sic, c. 2. and c. of sic), of Bha. as in uṣṇaiḥsaṃsecayecchotham, do not mean f. ing but sprinkling.
     II To encourage: q.v.: protsāhayati (c. of sah).

FOMENTATION:
     I The act.:
     1 uttāpanam (?);
     2 sekadānam or sekapradānam.
     II The lotion: sekaḥ or pariṣekaḥ.
     III Exertion: protsāhanam.

FOMENTER:
     1 protsāhakaḥ;
     2 uttejakaḥ.

FOND:
     I Foolish: q.v.
     II Doting:
     1 anurāgavat (f. ), the old husband was very f. of her: sa vṛddhapatistasyāmatīvānurāgavān, H.;
     2 expr. by āsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), raktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), etc., boys are f. of (lit. attached to) sports, young men of young women: bālastāvat krīḍāsaktastaruṇastāvattaruṇīraktaḥ, J.;
     3 vatsalaḥ (lā laṃ) (as a parent).
     III Liking: priyaḥ (yā yaṃ) in comp.s., f. of wine: madyapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

FONDLE (v.t.): lālayati (c. of lal), should f. (a son for the first) five years: lālayet pañcavarṣāṇi, J.

FONDLING (subs.):
     I The act: lālanam.
     II The object: premapātram and sim. comp.s.

FONDLY:
     I Affectionately: sānurāgam.
     II Foolishly: q.v.

FONDNESS:
     I Affection:
     1 anurāgaḥ;
     2 anuraktiḥ;
     3 rāgaḥ (rare), D.
     II Likeness: -priyatā in comp., f. of wine: madyapriyatā.
     III Foolishness: q.v.

FONT:
     I A fountain: q.v.
     II A basin: kuṇḍam (?).
     III Of types: *mudrākṣaramālā; mudrākṣarajātam.

FOOD:
     I Lit.:
     1 āhāraḥ (best equiv.), in giving me: f.: mamāhāradāne, H.; to take f.: āhāraṃ karoti, Va.; we have to eat f. consisting chiefly of roasted meat: śūlyamāṃsabhūyiṣṭha āhāro'śyate, K.;
     2 annam (used abso.), bad f.: kadannam; the ways of preparing f.: annanāṃ sādhanaprakāraḥ, Bha.;
     3 āmiṣam (= animal f.): v. Meat;
     4 bhojanam (often=feeding), M.n.;
     5 khādyam: v. Eatable. Ph.: without taking f.: anāhāreṇa or anaśanena, K.; f.: and raiment: grāsācchādanam, K.b.; forbidden f.: abhakṣyam, V.s.
     II Fig.: āmiṣam, became the f. of the enemies: dviṣāmāmiṣatāṃ yayau, R. xii. 11.

FOOL (subs.):
     1 mūrkhaḥ, there is no medicine for a f.: mūrkhasya nāstyauṣadham, J.;
     2 nirbuddhiḥ or abuddhiḥ, what has been done by me a f.: kiṃ mayā kṛtamabuddhinā, Mah.;
     3 avidvān, f. s bow down to fate: daivamavidvāṃsaḥ pramāṇayanti, Mu. Ph.: to make a f. of: avahāsāspadaṃ karoti; to play the f.: mūrkhavad vyavaharati (hṛ, c. 1.); f.'s errand: mūrkhaceṣṭitam.

FOOL (v.t.): mohayati vi- vyā-, (c. of muh): v. To delude, deceive.

FOOLERY: mūrkhatā (of the behaviour and of acts of folly), K.

FOOL-HARDINESS:
     1 atisāhasikatvam;
     2 vyāmohaḥ (= madness).

FOOL-HARDY: atisāhasin (f. );
     2 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (= mad).

FOOLISH:
     I Silly: mūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), f. (men) are troubled with passion: mūḍho madanenāyāsyate, K.: v. Also unwise.
     II Of acts, etc.:
     1 vāliśaḥ (śā śaṃ) (=children), attachment to f. acts: vāliśacariteṣvāsaktiḥ, K.;
     2 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= useless: q.v.).
     III Ridiculous: q.v.

FOOLISHLY:
     1 mūḍhatayā or mauḍhyāt (rare), V.p. v. 30. 4.;
     2 durbuddhikrameṇa;
     3 ajhānataḥ (= not knowing);
     4 nirarthakam (=uselessly).

FOOLISHNESS:
     1 mūḍhatā;
     2 vāliśatā;
     3 durbuddhitā: v. Foolly.

FOOLSCAP: *puraskam puraskapatram.

FOOT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pādaḥ, without hand and f.: apāṇipādaḥ (dā daṃ). S.; to go on f.: padbhyāṃ (or pādacāreṇa A.r.) gacchatiḥ Mr.; water for cleaning the feet: pādyam; water in which feet have been washed: pādodakam;
     2 caraṇa (mn.);
     3 padam;
     4 aṃghniḥ.
     II Fig.: pādaḥ, from its f. rises the lake named Hill-water: tasya pādāt prabhavati śailodaṃ nāma tatsaraḥ, Mat.: v. Bottom.
     III Of a stool etc.: pādaḥ or padam.
     IV Metrical f.:
     1 caraṇa (mn.), a Gāyatri f. consists of six syllables: ṣaḍakṣaro gāyatrīcaraṇaḥ, Li.;
     2 pādaḥ;
     3 padam. V. A measure: expr. by hastaḥ (= cubit), three f. in length: trihastadīrghaḥ (rghā rghaṃ).
     VI Infantry:
     1 pattiḥ;
     2 padātiḥ.

FOOT (v.):
     I To tread: q.v.
     II To kick: q.v.

FOOT, SET ON: pravartayati (c. of vṛt).

FOOT-BALL pādāhatakaṇḍukakrīḍā; pādakaṇḍukam.

FOOT-BATH:
     I The act: pādamajjanam.
     II The vessel: pādadroṇī (?).

FOOT-BOARD: pādaphalakam (?).

FOOT-BOY: ceṭaḥ: v. Menial.

FOOT-BRIDGE: saṅkramaḥ, all the f.s were broken: saṅkramā bheditāḥ sarve, Mah.

FOOTED (adj.):
     I Lit.: expr. by comp., two-f.: dvipadaḥ (dā daṃ); f. like the goat: ajapādaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Established: baddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

FOOT-FALL:
     I Foot-step: q.v.
     II A trip: skhalanam pāda-.

FOOT-FIGHT:
     1 pādacārayuddham (after U.);
     2 niyuddham (gen. f.).

FOOT-GUARDS: rakṣādhikṛtāḥ padātayaḥ.

FOOTHOLD: v. Footing (II).

FOOTING:
     I Ground: q.v.: sthānam.
     II Firm position:
     1 sthitiḥ;
     2 better by adj.: baddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Condition: q.v.: vṛttiḥ.
     IV Footstep: q.v.
     V Sum: phalam.

FOOTLESS:
     1 niṣpādaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 caraṇahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp.s.

FOOT-LICKER:
     1 caraṇasevin (f. );
     2 pādalih (mfn.).

FOOTMAN:
     I A soldier: padātiḥ.
     II A menial: ceṭaḥ.
     III A runner: jaṅghākarikaḥ.

FOOTMARK, FOOT-PRINT:
     1 padavī, Ki. v. 40.;
     2 paddhatiḥ, H. ii.;
     3 pādacihnam and sim. comp.s.

FOOTPATH:
     1 saṃsaraṇam, Vri.;
     2 govāṭaḥ (= cattle-path).

FOOT-SOLDIER:
     1 padātiḥ;
     2 pattiḥ, Ku. xvi. 2.

FOOTSTEP:
     I Lit.:
     1 padavikṣepaḥ;
     2 pādanyāsaḥ;
     3 caraṇapātaḥ; and sim. comp.s.
     II Footprint: q.v.: padam, by rows of wet f.s.: ārdrapadapaṃktibhiḥ, R. ix. 59.
     III Token, mark: q.v.: lakṣaṇam.

FOOTSTOOL: pādapīṭham, Ku. iii. 1.

FOP: subhagamānin (m.); sundarammanyaḥ; veṣābhimānin (m.) (?).

FOPPERY:
     I Lit.: subhagamānitā; veṣābhimānaḥ (?).
     II Folly: q.v.

FOPPISH, FOPPISHNESS: v. Fop, foppery.

FOR (prep.):
     I Denoting cause or occasion:
     1 by abl., f. want of combustibles: dāhyābhāvāt, Mu. i. 11.; tied for hundred (rupees): śatādbaddhaḥ, S.k.;
     2 by ins, is any one respected simply f. his caste: kiṃ jātimātreṇa kaścitpūjyate, H. i.; f. what reason: kena hetunā: v. Why. N.B. Use the ins. when the Sanskrit subs., which f. governs, is feminine.
     II Denoting object or end:
     1 by dat., f. appeasing the fears of the distressed: ārtabhayopaśāntaye, R. viii. 31.;
     2 arthaṃ or arthe in comp., f. amusing you: tbadvinodanārthabh, U. i.;
     3 by loc. (only in some cases), kill elephants f. their tusks: dantayorhanti kuñjaram, S.k.
     III For the sake of:
     1 by arthaṃ or arthe in comp., f. me: madartham, N. i. 137.;
     2 kṛte (with gen.), f. the Śūdra (Chandragupta): vṛṣalasya kṛte, Mu. i.;
     3 apekṣya (with acc.) or apekṣayā in comp., f. me he should be released with his wife and brothers: madapekṣayā sakalatrasodaryo mocayitavyaḥ, Mal. i.
     IV=towards: prati (with acc.), "for China": cīnaṃ prati.
     V =as for: q.v. =in spite of: f. all of them: tiṣṭhatsu teṣu or tānanādṛtya.
     VII In the character for: do not take him f. a friend: mā taṃ bandhuriti parigṛhāṇa or bandhumavagaccha.
     VIII Instead of: q.v. prati (with abl.) (?), give dal for sesame: tilebhyaḥ pratiyacchati māṣān, S.k.
     IX Of time through which an action extends by acc., for ten days: daśāham, Vas.; f. one or two nights: ekarātraṃ dvirātraṃ vā; f. twelve months: dvādaśamāsān, Vat.; f. so many years: tāvanti varṣāṇi, Sam.

FOR (conj.):
     1 hi (never at the beginning of a sentence), f. you know the internal (sentiments) of animals: antargataṃ prāṇabhṛtāṃ hi veda, R. ii. 43.; f. it is not easy to break the meditations of great (men): na hi mahatāṃ sukaraḥ samādhibhaṅgaḥ, Ki. x. 23. N.B. Note the cons. of na hi (= f...... not;
     2 yataḥ or yasmāt, f. association of good men...... yataḥ satāṃ saṅgataṃ...., Ku. v. 39.: v. Because. Ph.: f. why: kasmāt kiṃnimittam, etc.

FORAGE (subs.):
     I Search for food: dhānyādyāharaṇam.
     II Fodder: yavasaḥ, in a place where water and f. are easily procurable: sulabhapayoyavase pradeśe, K.

FORAGE (v.): prob. prasāraṃ karoti, Si. ii. 64.

FORAGER: prasārakārin (m.) (?); dhānyādyāhartṛ (m.).

FORAGING (subs.): prasāraḥ (?); dhānyādyāharaṇam.

FORASMUCH:
     1 yataḥ;
     2 yasmāt: v. Since.

FORBEAR:
     I To desist, abstain from: q.v.: nivartate (vṛt, c. 1.)
     II To bear with:
     1 sahate (sah, c. 1.);
     2 kṣamate, (kṣam, c. 1.).
     III To refuse: q.v.

FORBEARANCE:
     1 kṣamā;
     2 titikṣā, there is no instrument like f.: na titikṣāsamamasti sādhanama, Ki. ii. 43.

FORBID: niṣedhati prati-, (sidh, c. 1.), even the remaining followers were f. den: nyaṣedhi śeṣo'pyanuyāyivargaḥ, R. ii. 4.; f. den commodities: pratiṣiddhāni bhāṇḍāni, M.; to whom even residence in the country has been f. den: yasya deśe'pyavasthānaṃ niṣiddham, Cha. Ph.: God f. that I should be the king while you are alive: ahaṃ kṣitīndrastvayi sthite syāmiti śāntametat, B. iii. 55.; God f. such an evil: śāntaṃ pāpaṃ pratihatamaṅgalam.

FORBIDDING (p. adj.): v. Disagreeable, odious, repulsive.

FORCE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 balam, the mount Kailāsa (knows my) f.: balaṃ kailāsādriḥ, Vi.: every act done by f. sarvān balakṛtānarthān, M.; then tell (their) f. and weakness: tadākhyāta balābale, N. xvii. 44.;
     2 śaktiḥ, weakness of f.: śaktivaikalyam, Ku.;
     3 sāmarthyam, f. of language: girāṃ sāmarthyam, Ki. ii. 27.: v. Strength. To be in f.: balavat. (f. ) bhavati.
     II Military: balam, f. s heroic: balāni śūrāṇi, Si. i. 45.; that unmeasurable f.: tadaparimitaṃ balam, K.

FORCE (v.):
     I To compel: q.v.: balāt or balena kārayati (c. of kṛ).
     II To ravish: balāt karoti.
     III To take by f., storm: balāt gṛhṇāti, (grah, c. 9.).
     IV To garrison: q.v. Ph.: to f. a passage: mārgaṃ sādhayati (c. of sidh), Vi. vi.; f. d (fruit, wine, etc.): *tvaritakāritaḥ (tā taṃ), Comp.s: f. down: adhaḥ prerayati (c. of īr) etc.: f. from or out: niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ): v. To extort: f. on or upon: balāt kārayati or yojayati (c. of yuj); f. up: pracodayati (c. of cud).

FORCED (adj.):
     I Artificial: q.v.: kṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Effected by labour: yatnasādhitaḥ (tā taṃ). For other senses: v. Force. (V.).

FORCE-MEAT: avacchinnamāṃsam, and sim. comp.s. (?.)

FORCEPS:
     1 saṃdaṃśaḥ;
     2 kaṅkamukhaḥ;
     3 khaṇḍadhārā.

FORCIBLE:
     I In gen.
     1 balavat (f. );
     2 prabalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 sabalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 śaktimat (f. );
     5 samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     6 vīryavat (f. tāṃ): v. Also strong, weighty.
     II Effected by force: balakṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), M.

FORCIBLY:
     1 balāt;
     2 prasamam, Ki. ii. 28.;
     3 prasahya, R. ii. 27.;
     4 haṭhāt, M. n.

FORD (subs.):
     I Lit.: supratarasthalam.
     II A current: srotas (n.).

FORD (v.t.): padbhyāṃ tarati (tṝ, c. 1.), to f. on horseback: hayena tarati.

FORDABLE:
     1 sutaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 suprataraḥ (rā raṃ), R. iv. 31.

FORE (adj.):
     1 agraḥ (grā graṃ), f. part: agrabhāgaḥ;
     2 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ) (= upper).

FORE (adv.): agrataḥ, f. and aft.: agrapaścāt.

FORE-ARM (subs.):
     1 prakoṣṭhaḥ;
     2 agrabāhuḥ.

FORE-ARM (v.):
     1 pūrvameva or prāgeva sannahyati (nah, c. 4.): v. To arm;
     2 sajjīmavati (=to prepare).

FOREBODE:
     1 sūcayati vi- ā-, (sūc, c. 10.) (= to indicate), this omen is good-f. ing: kalyāṇasūcakamidaṃ nimittam, Sa. i.;
     2 kathayati (= to tell), f. s terrible death: kathayati mahāghoraṃ mṛtyum, Mr. ix.: v. To bespeak.

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FOREBODING (subs.): by verb: v. Also augury.

FORECAST (v.):
     I To project: kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     II To foresee: q.v.

FORECAST (subs.):
     I Contrivance: kalpanā.
     II Prevision: samīkṣā.

FORECASTLE: *agrakoṣṭhaḥ.

FORECLOSURE: bandha (-ka) mokṣapratiṣedhaḥ.

FORE-DECK: *agracchadaḥ.

FORE-END:
     1 pūrvāntaḥ (?);
     2 agropāntaḥ (?).

FORE-FATHERS:
     1 pūrvajāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 pūrvapuruṣāḥ;
     3 pūrvā, Vi.

FOREFEND: nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. To forbid.

FORE-FINGER:
     1 tarjanī;
     2 pradeśinī. N.B. With or without aṅgulī.

FORE-FOOT:
     1 agrapādaḥ;
     2 pūrvacaraṇam, M. n.

FOREGO: jahāti (, c. 3.): v. To relinquish, renounce.

FOREGOING: i.e. preceding: atikrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), S.

FOREGONE: Ph.: f. conclusion: pūrvakalpitanigamaḥ.

FOREGROUND: agrabhūmiḥ, Ki.

FOREHEAD:
     1 lalāṭam, whatever is written by God on one's f.: yasyeśvareṇa yadalekhi lalāṭapaṭṭe, N.;
     2 bhālam (rare). Ku.

FOREIGN:
     I Of another country:
     1 by comp., f. commodities: paradeśapaṇyāḥ, V. s.;
     2 videśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 vaideśikaḥ (kī kaṃ), f. merchant: vaideśikavaṇik, D. i.;
     4 deśāntarīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), K. b.;
     5 videśajaḥ (jā jaṃ), etc. (= produced in a f. country);
     6 paradeśyaḥ (f. śyā) (rare), Y. Ph.: f. country:
     1 videśaḥ;
     2 deśāntaram;
     3 paradeśaḥ.
     II Extraneous, irrelevant: bāhya (f. hyā), f. matters: bāhyavastūni (?); it is f. to my purpose...... madabhipretabāhya (f. hyā) (?).

FOREIGNER:
     1 vaideśikaḥ (kī kaṃ), as I am a f.: vaideśiko'smīti, U. i.;
     2 videśin (f. );
     3 pāradeśikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare): v. Stranger, new comer.

FORE-KNOW: prageva jānātiḥ v. To know, beforehand.

FORE-KNOWLEDGE: agrajhānam (?); bhaviṣyadvijhānam; anāgatajhānam.

FORELAND: *pralambam: v. Promontory.

FORELOCK:
     1 agrakeśāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 agraśikhā. Ph.: to take time or occasion by the f.: *vinātipātaṃ kālaṃ or avasaraṃ gṛhṇāti.

FOREMAN:
     1 pradhānaḥ, f. of a fury: sabhyapradhānaḥ. v. Chief;
     2 nāyakaḥ (= leader).

FOREMAST:
     1 agrakūpakaḥ;
     2 agrastho guṇavṛkṣaḥ.

FOREMOST:
     I Chief: q.v.:
     1 mukhya (f. khyā);
     2 pradhānatamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II First: q.v.

FORE-NOON (subs.):
     1 pūrvāhlaḥ;
     2 prāhṇaḥ.

FORE-NOON (adj.):
     1 pūrvāhṇetanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 prāhṇetanaḥ (nī naṃ).

FORENSICAL: expr. by comp., f. medicine: vyavahāracikitsā.

FORE-ORDAIN: pūrvaṃ nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.): v. To ordain, beforehand.

FOREPART:
     1 agrabhāgaḥ;
     2 agrimabhāgaḥ;
     3 pūrvabhāgaḥ.

FORE-QUARTER of an animal: agrapādaḥ (?).

FORE-RUNNER:
     1 pūrogaḥ -gāmin (m.);
     2 puraḥsaraḥ;
     3 agresaraḥ.

FORESEE:
     1 paśyati pra-, (dṛś, c. 1.) (when the sense is clear), old man's intellect f.s the future: vṛddhabuddhiranāgataṃ paśyati, Vi. vi.: v. To see;
     2 expr. with words meaning future, I f. death: mama bhāvi maraṇaṃ paśyāmi.

FORE-SEEING (adj.): bhaviṣyaddarśin (f. ); bhaviṣyatprekṣin (f. ṇī).

FORESHADOW: pūrvam or prāk or agre rūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).

FORESHORTEN:
     I Lit.: agraṃ saṃharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (??).
     II Fig.: saṃharati (hṛ, c. 1.). v. To shorten.

FORESHORTENING (subs.): agrasaṃhāraḥ vakracitritam.

FORESHOW:
     1 sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.) (= to indicate);
     2 kathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To bespeak;
     3 pradarśayati (c. of dṛś): v. To show.

FORESIGHT:
     I Lit.: bhaviṣyaddarśanam (?).
     II In gen.;
     1 dūradarśitā, (?), dīrghadarśitā, Ka. viii. 10.

FORESKIN: (puruṣāṅgasya) uparigatacarman (n.).

FOREST:
     I Subs.:
     1 vanam (also=a park);
     2 araṇyam;
     3 vipinam;
     4 kānanam;
     5 aṭavī;
     6 gahanam (= thicket).
     II Adj.:
     1 expr. by tat. comp.: a f. tree: vanapādapaḥ;
     2 vanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ);
     3 āraṇyaka (f. ).

FORESTALL:
     I To anticipate: q.v.
     II To obstruct: q.v.
     III To f. a market: mūlyavardhanāya dravyāṇi pūrvaṃ krīṇāti (krī, c. 9.).

FORESTALLER: mūlyavardhanāya pūrvakretṛ (m.); *paṇyarodhakaḥ.

FORESTER:
     I Inhabitant of a forest:
     1 vanecaraḥ;
     2 vanesad- (m.);
     3 vanavāsin (m.);
     4 āraṇyakaḥ;
     5 āṭavikaḥ, H.; and sim. comp.s.
     II Keeper of a forest: banapālaḥ, N.

FORETASTE:
     I Subs.: pūrvasvādaḥ: v. Taste.
     II Verb: pūrvam or prāk svādayati (c. of svad).

FORETELL: anāgataṃ vadati (vad, c. 1.): v. To predict.

FORETELLER: bhaviṣyadvaktṛ (m.): v. Prophet.

FORETHOUGHT:
     I Lit.: expr. by verb, having f. of his own end: bhāvinamantamātmano jānannapi, Si.
     II Prudence: samīkṣā pra-.

FORETOKEN: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.): v. To forebode.

FORETOP-MAST: *agramañcakūpaḥ.

FOREWARN, FOREWARNING: v. Warn; warning, beforehand.

FOREWOMAN:
     1 pradhānā;
     2 nāyikā: v. Foreman.

FORFEIT (subs.): daṇḍaḥ: v. Penalty, fine.

FORFEIT (v.):
     1 daṇḍam adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.) v. Punishment;
     2 hārayati (c. of hṛ) v. To lose.

FORFEITED (adj.): no exact equiv.: daṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= punished, fined): v. Also to escheat.

FORFEITURE:
     I The act: expr. by daṇḍaḥ or hāniḥ (= loss).
     II Anything forfeited: pramādāddeyo daṇḍaḥ (?).

FORGE (subs.):
     1 kuṭilikā, Wilson;
     2 uddhmānam (gen. term).

FORGE (v.t.):
     I To form, effect: q.v.: ghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ).
     II To fabricate, expr. with kapaṭa or kūṭa, to f. a grant: kūṭaśāsanaṃ karoti; to use a f.d letter: kapaṭalekhaṃ prayuṃkte: v. Counterfeit, false.

FORGER: kūṭakāraḥ -kaḥ; kūṭakṛt (m.); kapaṭalekhādikāraḥ.

FORGERY:
     I The crime: kūṭakaraṇam (?), f. of a document: kapaṭalekhakaraṇam.
     II Anything forged: expr. by kauṭaḥ (ṭī ṭaṃ) or kauṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

FORGET:
     1 vismarati (smṛ, c. 1.), who f. s wrongs: yo'pakṛtaṃ vismarati, Mr. ii.;
     2 na smarati, who f.s his mother land: kena janmabhūmirna smaryate, V.p.

FORGETFUL:
     1 vismaraṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 svalpasmṛti (mfn.), Mr.

FORGETFULNESS:
     1 vismṛtiḥ;
     2 vismaraṇam;
     3 asmaraṇam;
     4 smṛtilopaḥ, Sa. and sim. comp.s.

FORGIVE:
     1 kṣamate or kṣāmyati (kṣam, c. l. and 4.), Śātānanda will not so easily f.: na tvevaṃ śatanandaḥ kṣamiṣyate, Vi. iii.;
     2 titikṣate (titikṣ, c. 1.), please f. my misbehaviour: titikṣatuṃ duścaritaṃ tvamarhasi, Ki. xviii. 42.;
     3 marṣayati or mṛṣyati (mṛṣ, c. 10. and 4.), you should f. this fault: ayamaparādho bhavatā marṣayitavyaḥ, Sa. iv.;
     4 sahate (sah, c. 1.), I will then f. this fault: aparādhimamaṃ tataḥ sahiṣye, Sa. iii. N.B. Only kṣam can take an acc. of the person.

FORGIVENESS:
     1 kṣamā;
     2 titikṣā;
     3 sahiṣṇutā.

FORGIVING (adj.):
     1 kṣamin (f. ṇī);
     2 kṣamāvat (f. );
     3 titikṣu (mfn.);
     4 sahiṣṇu (mfn.) (= bearing up);
     5 kṛpālu (mfn.) (=merciful).

FORK (subs): *kaṇṭakaḥ, three pronged f.: *trimukhakaṇṭakaḥ; caturdantakaṇṭakaḥ.

FORKED (adj.): dvimukhaḥ (khā khaṃ) (?).

FORLORN:
     I Deserted: tyaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Miserable, helpless:
     1 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (= wrekSed);
     1 hataḥ (tā taṃ) (=done for), in this f. life: hatajīvite'smin, R.

FORM (subs.):
     I Shape:
     1 rūpam, assuming a f. at pleasure: kāmarūpin (f. ṇī), Ram; like in f. and quality: rūpasya guṇasya ca sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), Mr. ix. 33.;
     2 ākāraḥ or ākṛtiḥ (gen.=features), external f.: bahirākāraḥ, M.n.;
     3 mūrtiḥ (= entire f.), assuming dwarfish f. to deceive: vidhāya mūrtiṃ kapaṭena vāmanīm, N.: v. Body.
     II Shapeliness, beauty: rūpam.
     III Appearance: ākāraḥ. Ph. in due f.: yathāvidhi; f. of prayer: stotrasūtram (?).
     IV system, kind: q.v.: f. of Government: rājatantram. V. A bench: q.v.
     VI A hare's seat: nilayaḥ.

FORM (v.t.):
     I To construct:
     1 nirmimīte (, c. 3.), to f. this charming f.: manoharamidaṃ rūpaṃ nirmātum, V.i.;
     2 ghaṭayati (ghaṭ, c. 10.) f. ed of thread: tantughaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ). V. d.;
     3 vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), Ki. vi. 42.: v. To make.
     II To enter upon:
     1 ghaṭayati, better not to f. affection: sneho hi varamaghaṭitaḥ, Bho.;
     2 vidadhāti, f. ing friendship: vidhāya maitrīm, Si.
     III To conceive: q.v.: kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     IV To train: saṃskaroti, f. ed mind: saṃskṛtamanas.
     V To constitute: mavati, they f. ed the majority: *te bahavo babhūvuḥ.
     VI To derive: q.v.

FORMAL:
     I Essential: sāra- in comp.
     II Done in due from: expr. with adv.s: yathāvidhi or ācārānusāreṇa.
     III Of men: ācārānugataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).
     IV Not real: bāhyikaḥ (kī kaṃ), bāhyācārataḥ.
     V Of form: expr. by comp.

FORMALIST: kapaṭadharmakañcukaḥ, D. i.; bāhyadharmasevin (?).

FORMALITY:
     I A formal ceremony: ācāraḥ or upacāraḥ.
     II Of manners:
     1 atyādaraḥ, leave off this f.: vimucyatāmayamatyādaraḥ, K.;
     2 upacāraḥ, K.

FORMALLY:
     I With due ceremony: yathopacāram.
     II Of behaviour: atyādareṇa; sopacāram.

FORMATION:
     1 ghaṭanā;
     2 nirmāṇam;
     3 kalpanā;
     4 vidhānam; for dif. of meaning: v. To form.

FORMER (adj.):
     1 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ), and by the f. kings: pūrvarājaiśca, D. iv.;
     2 prāktanaḥ (nī naṃ); v. Ancient. F......latter:
     1 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ), uttaraḥ (rā raṃ), the f. course was avoided as what favour would please (them); the latter was also avoided as by severe punishment we would lose the confidence of the subjects..... kīdṛśo'nugrahaḥ prītiṃ janayiṣyatīti parihṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pakṣaḥ uttaropyugreṇa daṇḍena prakṛtīnāmaviśvāsyā mavāma iti parihṛta eva, Mu. iii.;
     2 prathamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= first).... aparaḥ (rā raṃ) (= after), R. viii. 28.;
     3 ādyaḥ (dyā dyaṃ) (= first)...... dvitīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= second), D.s.

FORMERLY:
     1 purā, where we f. lived long: yasminnabhūma cirameva purā vasantaḥ,
     V i. 22.;
     2 pūrvam, f. seen: pūrvadṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     3 pūrvakāle;
     4 prākkāle.

FORMIDABLE:
     1 mahat (f. ) (= great);
     2 bhayāvahaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Fearful;
     3 udvegakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= alarming);
     4 dārūṇa (f. ṇā) (=terrible), f. enemy: dāruṇaḥ śatruḥ, Ka. viii. 14.

FORMIDABLENESS:
     1 bhīṣaṇatvam;
     2 udvegakaratvam;
     3 better by adj.

FORMIDABLY:
     1 bhīṣaṇam;
     2 dāruṇam;
     3 bhayaṃ janayat (f. ntī).

FORMLESS:
     1 arūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 nirākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 nīrūpaḥ (pā paṃ) etc.

FORMULA: sūtram; pāṭhaḥ, "f. of will": *icchāpatrapāṭhaḥ.

FORMULARY: a book of form: *sūtragranthaḥ (?).

FORNICATE: vyabhicarati (car, c. 2.); vyabhicāraṃ karoti.

FORNICATION: vyabhicāraḥ: v. Debauchery.

FORNICATORY: vyabhicārin (m.): v. Debauchee.

FORSAKE: tyajati pari- saṃ-, (tyaj, c. 1.): v. To abandon.

FORSAKING (subs.): tyāgaḥ pari-. v. Abandonment, desertion.

FORSOOTH: v. Indeed, truly, of course.

FORSWEAR:
     I To abjure: q.v.
     II Perjure: q.v.

FORT:
     1 durgam, governor of a f.: durgādhikārin, H.; mountainous f.: giridurgam, N.;
     2 koṭaḥ or koṭṭaḥ (rare).

FORTE: balam (= force).

FORTH:
     I Of time: Ph.: from this day f.: adyaprabhṛti; from that time f.: tadāprabhṛti.
     II Of place: bahiḥ v. Out and the verbs to which f. is joined,
     III Of succession: Ph.: and so f.: ityādi (mfn.) (always agreeing with a subs. gen. expressed and sometimes understood: see U. iii. 26).

FORTHCOMING: āsannaprakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Also coming.

FORTHWITH:
     1 sapadi;
     2 bhkaṭiti;
     3 drāk: v. Immediately.

FORTIETH:
     1 catvāriṃśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 catvāriṃśattamaḥ (mī maṃ).

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FORTIFICATION:
     I The works:
     1 guptiḥ (= defences), the f.s are most inaccessible: alaṅghyatamā guptiḥ, D.;
     2 durgam (= fort), f. s naturally strong: prakṛtyā viṣamaṃ durgam, Mah.;
     3 prākāraparikhādi (n.).
     II The operation: guptiḥ; durgakarman (n.), Mah. s. 86. 3.

FORTIFIER: expr. by verb, f. of a town: nagaraguptikāraḥ.

FORTIFY (v.):
     I In gen.: v. To strengthen, confirm.
     II To render defensible:
     1 sugupta (f. ptāṃ) or surakṣitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti, to f. strongly: paramāṃ guptiṃ karoti, Ka.;
     2 by circumlo.: "purī samantādvihitā sapatākā satoraṇā | sacakrā sahuḍā caiva sayantrakhanakā tathā ||.......saṃkramā bheditāḥ sarve nāvaśca pratiṣedhitāḥ | parikhāścāpi kaukhya kīlaiḥ sunicitāḥ kṛtāḥ || udapānāḥ kuruśreṣṭha tathaivāpyambarīṣakāḥ | samantāt kośamātrañca kāritā viṣamā ca bhūḥ ||", Mah. iii. 156.

FORTITUDE:
     1 dhairyam;
     2 dhṛtiḥ (rare), R. viii. 66.

FORTNIGHT:
     1 pakṣaḥ, in three f.s: pakṣatraye, L.s.; the dark f.: kṛṣṇapakṣaḥ; the light f.: śuklapakṣaḥ;
     2 māsārddham (= half a month).

FORTRESS:
     I A fort: q.v.: durgam.
     II A town: suguptaṃ nagaram and sim. expr.

FORTUITOUS:
     1 ākasimakaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 samāpatti- in comp.: v. Accidental.

FORTUITOUSLY: daivayogenaḥ v. Accidentally.

FORTUNATE:
     1 bhāgyavat (f. ), considered himself more f. than even Indra: maghavato'pi bhāgyavantamātmānamajīgaṇat, D. iv.;
     2 subhāgya (f. gyā), ah! I am very f.: aho'tīva subhāgyā'ham, Mah.;
     3 subhagaḥ (gā gaṃ), vain of being. f. thinks himself beautiful: subhagamānī sundarammanyaḥ, D. ii.;
     4 dhanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ) (= happy), f. are you: dhanyo'si, Si;
     5 maṅgalya (f. lyā) (= auspicious: q.v.: of time etc.).

FORTUNATELY:
     1 bhāgyāt or bhāgyena sau-;
     2 diṣṭyā, U.i.

FORTUNE:
     I The goddess:
     1 śrīḥ;
     2 lakṣmīḥ, at home she is f.: iyaṃ gehe lakṣmīḥ, U.
     II Chance, luck:
     1 bhāgyam, to conceal your good f.: ātmanaḥ saubhāgyaṃ niguhitum, V. ii.; (every thing) else depends on f.: bhāgyādhīnamataḥparam, Sa. iv.;
     2 daivam: v. Fate.
     III Wealth; possessions:
     1 ṛddhiḥ;
     2 samṛddhiḥ;
     3 aiśvaryam. Ph.: to tell f. s: śubhāśubhaṃ vadati kathayati, etc.: v. To tell.

FORTUNE-HUNTER: aiśvaryalipsu (mfn.) and sim comp.s.

FORTUNE-TELLER:
     1 daivajha (f. jhā);
     2 vipraśnikā (= female f.);
     3 kārtāntikaḥ (rare), D.: v. Also soothsayer.

FORTUNE-TELLING: śubhāśubhakathanam and sim. comp.s.

FORTY: catvāriṃśat (f.), f. times: catvāriṃśadvārān.

FORUM: adhikaraṇam -maṇḍapaḥ (?).

FORWARD (adj.):
     I In place:
     1 agrimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 agrasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ).
     II Early:
     1 śīghrapakva (f. kvā) (= precocious);
     2 ākālikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= untimely), a f. spring: ākālikī madhupravṛttiḥ, Ku. iii. 34.
     III Bold, confident: q.v.: pragalbha (f. lbhā).

FORWARD (v.):
     I To send on: q.v.: prerayati (īr, c. 10.).
     II To hasten: q.v.: tvarayati (c. of tvar).
     III To promote: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

FORWARD, FORWARDS (adv.):
     1 agrataḥ;
     2 purataḥ. To go f.: puraḥ sarati; to go backwards and f.: parikrāmati; from this day f.: adyārabhya adyaprabhṛti; f.: puro bhaba, Ku.

FORWARDNESS:
     I Promptness, eagerness: q.v.: utsāhaḥ.
     II Boldness, impudence: q.v.: pragalbhatā.
     III Precociousness: śīghrapākaḥ.

FOSSE: khātam: v. Dich, moat.

FOSSIL:
     I Dug out: utkhātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Petrified: śilībhūtaḥ (tā taṃ).

FOSTER: puṣṇāti or poṣayati (puṣ, c. 9. and 10.): v. To nourish.

FOSTER-BROTHER:
     1 dhātreyaḥ;
     2 dhātrīputraḥ and sim. comp.s.

FOSTER-CHILD:
     1 poṣyaputraḥ (f. trī);
     2 pariṣka(ska)nda(nna) (f. ndā or nnā) (rare).

FOSTERER:
     1 poṣakaḥ pari-;
     2 pālayitṛ (m);
     3 dhātṛ (m.) (rare).

FOSTER-FATHER: pālakapitṛ (m.); dhātṛ (m.) (rare).

FOSTER-MOTHER:
     1 mātṛkā;
     2 upamātṛ: v. Nurse.

FOSTER-SISTER: dhātreyī, by Mālatī's f. Lavangikā: mālatīdhātreyyā lavaṅgikayā, Ma. i.

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FOSTER-SON:
     1 poṣyaputraḥ;
     2 pālitasutaḥ and sim. comp.s.

FOSTERING (adj.):
     1 poṣakaḥ (f. ṣikā) (?); pā(lā)lakaḥ (f. likā) (?).

FOUL (v.t.): kaluṣayati (nomi.): v. To befoul.

FOUL (adj.):
     I Dirty: q.v.:
     1 malapūrṇa (f. rṇā) (= full of dirt);
     2 aśuci (mfn.), amedhya (f. dhyā), etc. (= impure), in a dikS full of f. (matter): aśucisaṃpūrṇe khātake, K.s. xiii. 148.
     II Obscene, abusive: q.v.: aślīlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Abominable, detestable: q.v.: malinaḥ (nā naṃ), K.
     IV Unfair, fraudulent: q.v.: kūṭa- in comp., f. play: kūṭavyavahāraḥ.
     V Unfavourable: q.v. Ph.: f. weather: durdinam; fall f. of: -upari patati.

FOULLY:
     1 malinama (= dirtily);
     2 aślīlam (= obscenely);
     3 garhitam. (=abominably); better by adj.

FOUL-MOUTHED:
     1 vāgaduṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 aślīlavādin (f. ), etc.

FOULNESS:
     1 malinatā;
     2 aślīlatā (= obscenity);
     3 amedhyatā (= impurity, dishonesty): v. Also foul.

FOUND (v.t.):
     I In gen.:
     1 sthāpayati prati-, (c. of sthā) (= to establish: q.v.);
     2 nirmimīte (, c. 3.) (= to build: q.v.);
     3 -mūla (= root) in comp., f. ed on love: premamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II To cast: saṃ-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (?).

FOUNDATION:
     I Groundwork:
     1 bhittimūlam (lit. and fig.), lay the f. stone of a college: *vidyālayasya mittimūlaprastaraṃ nyasyati;
     2 bhūmiḥ (= ground).
     II Endowment: vṛttiḥ, f. scholarship: *mūlavṛttiḥ.
     III Establishment: sthāpanam prati-.

FOUNDER (subs.):
     I In gen.;
     1 sthāpakaḥ prati- (= establisher):
     2 nirmātṛ (m.) (=builder);
     3 kāraḥ (= author);
     4 mūlam; (=root).
     II Caster: saṃdhātṛ (m.) (?).

FOUNDER (v.):
     I Lit.: jalāviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) naśyati (naś, c. 4.): v. Also to sink.
     II To fail, miscarry: naśyati.

FOUNDERY, FOUNDRY:
     1 sandhānī;
     2 kupyaśālā.

FOUNDLING: apaviddhabālaḥ (f. ), f. hospital: *anāthabālāśramaḥ.

FOUNDRESS:
     1 sthāpayitrī prati-;
     2 sthāpikā prati-.

FOUNT, FOUNTAIN:
     I Lit.:
     1 prasravaṇam;
     2 nirbhkaraḥ;
     3 utsaḥ
     II Source:
     1 mūlam;
     2 yoniḥ;
     3 prasūḥ or prasūtiḥ (= mother), Ki.
     III Of types: v. Font.

FOUR: catur (mfn.), f. times: catuḥ; of f. kinds: caturvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), aggregate of f.: catuṣṭayam; in f. ways: caturdhā; f. hundred: catuḥśatam; the f. objects of human pursuit (virtue, wealth, love, and salvation): caturvargaḥ; an army complete in its four parts-horse, foot, car and elephants: caturaṅgabalam.

FOUR-CORNERED:
     1 caturasra (f. srā);
     2 catuṣkoṇa (f. ṇā).

FOURFOLD:
     1 caturguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 by adv.: caturvārān;
     3 caturdhā (in f. ways).

FOUR-FOOTED:
     1 catuṣpadaḥ (dī daṃ);
     2 catuṣpād (mfn.).

FOURSCORE: aśītiḥ: v. Eighty.

FOURSQUARE: samacaturasra (f. srā): v. Square.

FOUR-WHEELED: catuścakraḥ (krā kraṃ).

FOURTEEN: caturdaśan (mfn.) F. th: caturdaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).

FOURTH (adj.):
     1 caturthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     2 turīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 turyaḥ (ryā ryaṃ). In the f. place: caturthataḥ; for the f. time: caturthavāram.

FOURTH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 caturbhāgaḥ;
     2 pādaḥ, three f. s: pādatrayam, Li.: v. Quarter.
     II The f. note in music: ṣaḍjaḥ.

FOURTHLY:
     1 caturthataḥ;
     2 turīyataḥ (rare).

FOWL (subs.):
     I A bird: q.v.
     II A cock or hen: q.v.

FOWL (v.i.): pakṣiṇo hanti (han, c. 2.), etc.; always f. ing in the forest: dvijān hatvā vane sadā, Mah.

FOWLER:
     1 śākunikaḥ;
     2 śakunilubdhakaḥ, P. iii. 7.;
     3 vihaṅgahan (m.), Mah.

FOWLING: pakṣighātaḥ. F. -piece: *pakṣighātayantram.

FOX:
     I Lit.:
     1 khikhiḥ or kikhiḥ;
     2 khiṅgiraḥ.
     II Fig.: a sly rogue: dhūrtaḥ.

FOX-GLOVE: auṣadhibhedaḥ; *khikhipādaḥ.

FOX-HOUND: v. Hound.

FRACTION:
     I In arith: bhinnam -rāśiḥ, multiplication of f.s: bhinnaguṇanam, Li.
     II A portion, fragment: q.v.

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FRACTIOUS: v. Peevish, irritable, ill-tempered.

FRACTURE (subs.):
     1 bhaṅgaḥ, f. of the bones: asthnāṃ bhaṅgaḥ, Sr.;
     2 bhagnam, a f. heals with difficulty: bhagnaṃ kṛcchre ṇa sidhyati, Sr.

FRACTURE (v.t.): bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7.): v. To break.

FRAGILE:
     1 bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 subhaṅga (f. ṅgā)
     3 bhaṅgaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

FRAGILITY:
     1 bhaṅguratā;
     2 bhaṅgaśīlatā;
     3 subhaṅgatā.

FRAGMENT:
     I Lit.:
     1 khaṇḍa (mn.), in f.s: khaṇḍaśaḥ;
     2 śavala (mn.) (rare).
     II Of a work: perh. khaṇḍa (mn.).

FRAGMENTARY: khaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) "vyaktivivekalocanagranthāvatra khaṇḍitāveva sta iti na tau sampūrṇaṃ dṛṣṭau", Mahesh.

FRAGRANCE, FRAGRANCY:
     1 saurabham or sauramyam;
     2 parimalaḥ;
     3 āmodaḥ;
     4 sugandhiḥ sugandhaḥ or saugandhyam.

FRAGRANT:
     1 sugandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ);
     2 sugandhi (mfn.);
     3 surabhi (mfn.);
     4 āmodin (f. );
     5 parimalavat (f. );
     6 sāmodaḥ (dā daṃ) (rare), Ki. viii. 28.

FRAGRANTLY:
     1 saurabhena;
     2 sugandham;
     3 sāmodam.

FRAIL (subs.): peṭikā: v. Basket.

FRAIL (adj.):
     I Fragile: q.v.
     II Weak, infirm: durbbalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III Easily destroyed:
     1 kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 vinaśvaraḥ (rī raṃ).
     IV Of infirm virtue: indriyaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ).

FRAILNESS, FRAILTY:
     I Fragility: bhaṅguratā.
     II Weakness; durbalatā.
     III Fickleness: anityatā.
     IV Fault, foible: q.v.

FRAME (subs.):
     I A fabric: nirmāṇam.
     II A case: ādhāraḥ, door -f.: dvārasyādhāradāru, M.n.
     III Body: q.v.: vapuḥ, surely (her) f. was made of golden lotuses: dhruvaṃ vapuḥ kāñcanapadmanirmitam, Ku.
     IV Humour: bhāvaḥ; oftenn ot expr., in a happy f. of mind: nirvṛtamanas (mfn.).
     V System: prakāraḥ.

FRAME (v.t.):
     I To form, make: q.v.: nirmimīte (, c. 3.), with which the earth has been f.d: vasudhā yena nirmitā, Ram.
     II To plan: q.v.: kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     III To provide with a f.: sādhāraṃ (f. rāṃ) karoti.
     IV To draw up: nibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

FRAMER: racayitṛ (f. trī), f. of the world: viśvaracayitā; f. of a law: vidhiracayitā (?); f. of the Vedas: vedasya kartāraḥ, D.s.: v. Maker.

FRAMEWORK: ādhāraḥ: v. Frame (II).

FRANCHISE (subs.):
     I Freedom: mokṣaḥ.
     II In gen.: adhikāraḥ, f. of a citizen: paurādhikāraḥ; "crowning f." pradhānatamādhikāraḥ; monasteries in Spain are f.s for criminals": *hispānīyavihārā duṣṭānāmadhikārāḥ.

FRANCHISE (v.): mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.); mokṣaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

FRANK (adj.):
     1 saralaḥ (lā laṃ) (= straightforward);
     2 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) amāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) etc. (= sincere);
     3 sphuṭamāṣin (f. ṇī), sphuṭavādin (f. ), etc. (= open: of men only);
     4 asaṃvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (= unreserved).

FRANK (v.): of letters: rājakāryato vinā mūlyena vāhārthaṃ patropari prerakasya nāma likhati.

FRANKINCENSE:
     1 kunduruḥ;
     2 kunduḥ;
     3 rasālam (?).

FRANKLY:
     1 sphuṭam (= openly), makes enmity when talked to f.: karoti bairaṃ sphuṭamucyamānaḥ, B. xii. 83.;
     2 niṣkapaṭam: v. Sincerely;
     3 asaṃvṛtam (= unreservedly).

FRANKNESS:
     1 saralatā or sāralyam;
     2 niṣkapaṭatā;
     3 amāyatā;
     4 asaṃvṛtiḥ;
     5 sphuṭabhāṣitvam;
     6 sphuṭavāditā; for dif.: v. Frank.

FRANTIC: ūnmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), f. with rage: krodhonmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Mad, maddened.

FRANTICLY: unmattavat: v. Madly.

FRATERNAL: bhrātrīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Brotherly (adj.).

FRATERNALLY:
     1 bhrātṛvat;
     2 bhrātṛsannibham;
     3 sodaravat.

FRATERNITY:
     I Brother-hood: bhrātṛtvam, good f.: saumrātram, R.
     II Association: q.v.: samājaḥ.

FRATERNIZE: mrātṛvat militaḥ or saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ) mavati (bhū, c. 1.).

FRATRICIDAL: expr. by comp., f. crime: mrātṛvadhapātakaḥ.

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FRATRICIDE:
     I The murderer: bhrātṛdhātin (f. ), Mah.; bhrātṛhan (mfn.) bhrātṛghātakaḥ (m.); and sim. comp.s.
     II The crime: bhrātṛhatyā; bhrātṛvadhaḥ and sim. comp.s.

FRAUD: cchalam, without force or f.: balacchale vihāya, Viv.: v. Deceit.

FRAUDULENT: expr. by chalena, to make a f. sale: chalena vikrayaṃ karoti; f. (man): chalapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) chalanāparaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Deceitful.

FRAUDULENTLY: chalenaḥ v. Deceitfully, dishonestly.

FRAY:
     I Subs.: kaliḥ: v. Affray.
     II Verb. f. ed: bhītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. To frighten.

FREAK (subs.): kāmācāraḥ: v. Caprice. Ph.: in a f., by a mere f.: asamīkṣya.

FREAK (v.): citrayati (citr, c. 10.): v. To variegate.

FREAKISH: capalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Capricious.

FREAKISHLY:
     1 cāpalyāt (inconstantly);
     2 asamīkṣya (inconsiderately);
     3 kāmacāreṇa.

FREAKISHNESS:
     1 kāmacāritā;
     2 cāpalyam;
     3 manolaulyam.

FRECKLE:
     1 tilaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kālakaḥ;
     3 jaṭulaḥ (rare).

FRECKLED, FRECKLY:
     1 tilakin (f. );
     2 kālakin (f. ).

FREE (adj.):
     I At liberty:
     1 svādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ), he is f.: svādhīno'yam, K., "f. town": *svādhīnanagaram;
     2 svatantra (f. ntrā), who being f. sells himself: vikrīṇīte svatantraḥ sannātmānaṃ yaḥ, N.s.; "f. country". svatantrarājyam. Ph.: according to one's f. will: svecchayā; she should be made f.: sādāsī kartavyā, Kat.: v. Slave; f. agency, svacchandatā.
     II Liberated: muktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), vi- nir-; mokṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-.
     III Unrestrained: niryantraṇa (f. ṇā); ayantritaḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV muktahastaḥ (stā staṃ).
     V Not obstructed, open: muktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     VI Gratuitous: expr. by vinā mulyena.
     VII Unreserved: asaṃvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

FREE FROM:
     1 by nir or a pref., f. f. all care: niścintaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), f. f. debt: anṛṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 gataḥ vigataḥ vītaḥ, etc. pref., f. f. desire: gataspṛhaḥ (hā haṃ), Si.;
     3 varjitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-, f. f. the possession of pride: smayāveśavivarjitaḥ (tā taṃ), R.: v. Also devoid of.

FREE (v.t.):
     I To set free:
     1 mokṣayati vi-, (mokṣ, c. 10.), how to f. a slave: kathaṃ dāsasya mokṣaḥ, Viv.; f. s from danger of life: mokṣayet prāṇasaṃśayāt, M. p.;
     2 muñcati or mocayati vi- pari- nir-, (muc, c. 6. and 10.), a debtor is f. d from slavery..... ṛṇī dāsyādvimucyate, Viv.; f. d him thus bewailing: itthamamaṃ vilapantamamuñcat, N.
     II To clear: q.v.: mocayati vi- nir-, one who f. s others from all doubts: sarbasaṃśayanirmoktā, Mah. ii. 39. 8.
     III To f. a lock: unmocayati or unmuñcati (?).

FREE WITH, MAKE: asaṅkocena vyavaharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (with ins.).

FREEBOOTER:
     1 lubdhakaḥ;
     2 dasyuḥ: v. Robber.

FREEBOOTING (subs.); dasyuvṛttiḥ: v. Robbery.

FREEBORN:
     1 jātasvādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 jātasvatantra (f. ntrā).

FREEDMAN:
     1 labdhamokṣo dāsaḥ;
     2 adāsīkṛto janaḥ.

FREEDOM:
     I Liberty:
     1 svādhīnatā;
     2 svatantratā.
     II Release:
     1 mokṣaḥ vi- pari-;
     2 muktiḥ nir- vi-.
     III Licence: q.v.
     IV Liberality: muktahastatā.
     V Frankness: q.v.: asaṅkocavyavahāraḥ.
     VI Unrestrainedness: niryantraṇatā -tvam.
     VII Exemption, f. from disease: nīrogatā: v. Free from.

FREEDWOMAN:
     1 labdhamokṣā dāsī;
     2 adāsīkṛtā dāsī.

FREEHOLD (subs.): f. property: niṣkarabhūmiḥ.

FREEHOLDER: niṣkarabhūsvāmin (m.); niṣkarabhūmipatiḥ.

FREELY:
     I Of one's own will:
     1 svecchayā:
     2 svacchandataḥ;
     4 svairam, as moving f.: yathā svairaṃ bhrāmyan, Vi.
     II Gratuitously: vināmūlyena.
     III Liberally, amply: muktahastam.
     IV Without restraint:
     1 niryantraṇam;
     2 aniyantritam;
     3 yatheccham, this wood is f. enjoyable by you: yathecchaṃ bhogyaṃ vo vanamidam, U. i.
     V Without scruple: asaṅgocena.

FREEMAN:
     1 savādhīnaḥ;
     2 svatantraḥ;
     3 aparādhīnaḥ;
     4 adāsaḥ.

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FREEMASON: *samavāyadharmin (m.); saṃsargadhvajin (m.).

FREEMASONRY: *samavāyadharmaḥ; saṃsargadhvajaḥ.

FREEMINDED:
     I Lit.: svādhīnamanam (mfn.)
     II Careless: niścintamanas (mfn.) etc.

FREENESS: v. Freedom.

FREE-SPOKEN:
     1 sphuṭabhāṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 spaṣṭavādin (f. ).

FREE-STONE: sukhacchedyaprastaraviśeṣaḥ; *vighaṭopalaḥ.

FREE-THINKER: *yathecchabhāvukaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Also atheist.

FREE-THINKING: yathecchabhāvanā: v. Scepticism.

FREE-WILL:
     I In gen.: yathecchā.
     II Phil. t. t.: v. Will.

FREEZE (v.i.):
     I Lit.: śilībhavati, where even on roads where snow has frozen: mārge śilībhūtahime'piyatra, Ku. i. 11.; ghanībhavati. (= to congeal).
     II Fig.: jaḍībhavati (nomi.)

FREEZE (v.i.):
     I Lit.: śilīkaroti ghanīkaroti.
     II Fig: jaḍīkaroti.

FREIGHT (subs.):
     I Cargo: q.v.: expr. by dravyam or bhāṇḍam, f. to go to Mathura: mathurāgāmīni bhāṇḍāni, P.
     II Fare:
     1 taraḥ (gen. term). M. viii. 406.;
     2 vāhikam (after tārikam).

FREIGHT (v.): māṇḍāni niveśayati (c. of viś) (with loc.): v. To load.

FRENCH: *pharāsīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). Ph.: to take f. leave: *cauraprasthānaṃ karoti. F. -bean: kṣudraśimbiḥ.

FRENZIED: unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Mad. F. ly: v. Madly.

FRENZY: unmādaḥ: v. Madness.

FREQUENCY:
     1 paunaḥpunyam;
     2 abhīkṣṇatā or ābhīkṣṇyam;
     3 samabhihāraḥ, by f. of acts: kriyāsamabhihāreṇa, Si. ii. 43.

FREQUENT (adj.): expr. by adv., his visit to me are f.: samāmabhīkṣṇaṃ paśyati: v. F. ly, continually.

FREQUENT (v.): niyataṃ gacchatiḥ v. To go, visit; f. ly, continually.

FREQUENTATIVE:
     1 samabhihārārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (after Pāṇini);
     2 yaṅntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= ending in yaṅ: of Sanskrit verbs only).

FREQUENTED, MUCH (adj.): janākīrṇa (f. rṇā) (= crowded: q.v.).

FREQUENTLY:
     1 punaḥpunaḥ;
     2 muhurmuhuḥ;
     3 bhūyobhūyaḥ;
     4 asakṛt;
     5 abhīkṣṇam;
     6 samabhihāreṇa.

FRESCO:
     I Coolness: q.v.
     II In painting: maṇḍodakena bhittau citrakaraṇam. Painting in f.: maṇḍodakacitram (?).

FRESH:
     I New: q.v.:
     1 abhinavaḥ (vā vaṃ), f. blood: abhinavaśoṇitam, Sa. vi. 32.; f. youth: abhinavayauvanam, K.;
     2 pratyagraḥ (grā graṃ), with f. flowers: pratyagraiḥ kusumaiḥ, Me.;
     3 sometimes by sadyaḥ, f. meat: sadyomāṃsam, J.
     II Not saline:
     1 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     2 peyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= drinkable). Ph.: having f. water: śuddhodaḥ (dā daṃ), D. s.; āsvādyatoyaḥ (yā yaṃ), H.
     III Unpractised: navaḥ (vā vaṃ), f. men: navāḥ; prathamavarṣacchātrāḥ.
     IV Of wind: f. air: śivā marutaḥ, Ki. vi. 33.; sukhā vātāḥ, M. n.

FRESHEN (v.t.):
     I To refresh: q.v.
     II To take saltness from: nirdoṣīkaroti (?); vilavaṇīkaroti (?).

FRESHEN (v.i.): v. Fresh, to become.

FRESHLY:
     I Newly: q.v.: abhinavam.
     II Coolly: sukham.

FRESHNESS:
     I Newness: navīnatā.
     II Liveliness: ullāsaḥ.
     III Pleasantness: sukhatā.
     IV Not salted-ness; nirdoṣatā. Better by adj.: v. FRESH.

FRESH-WATER (adj.): expr. by comp., f. fishes: peyajalamatsyāḥ or nādeyamatsyāḥ (= river-f.).

FRET (subs.): kṣomaḥ: v. Agitation, vexation.

FRET (v.t.):
     I To rub: q.v.: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).
     II To impair: q.v.: dāpayati (c. of do).
     III To variegate: q.v.
     IV To vex: q.v.: kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9.). v. To agitate: q.v.

FRET (v.i.):
     I To be agitated: q.v.: kṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4.).
     II To be vexed: kṣubhyati; santapyate (pass. of tap).

FRETFUL:
     1 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā) (= irritable);
     2 pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ) (= cross);
     3 śīdhrakṣubdha (f. bdhā), āśusantapta (f. ptā), etc. (?).

FRETFULLY:
     1 sakrodham (= angrily);
     2 kṣobheṇa;
     3 by adj.

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FRETFULNESS:
     1 śīghrakṣubdhatā;
     2 āśusantāpitā;
     3 pratīpatā (?).

FRETWORK: karṇarekhākarman (n.).

FRIABILITY:
     1 bhaṅguratā: v. Fragility;
     2 by circumlo.: v. Friable.

FRIABLE: maṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Fragile. yaḥ (yā yat) sukhena cūrṇīmavati.

FRIAR: brahmacārin (m.) (?): v. Monk.

FRICASSE (subs.): talitamāṃsam (?), Bha.

FRICTION:
     1 gharṣaṇam;
     2 gharṣaḥ ni- saṃ- ut-, fire rising from the f. of the roots of branches: śākhāntanigharṣajo'nalaḥ, Ki.

FRIDAY:
     1 śukravāraḥ;
     2 śukravāsaraḥ;
     3 bhṛguvāraḥ.

FRIEND:
     I In gen.:
     1 sakhi (m.) (f. khī), bosom f.: hṛdayaṅgamaḥ sakhā, Ku.
     2 mitram, greatest f.: paraṃ mitram, K.; old f.: ciramitram, H.;
     3 suhṛd (m.), dear old f.: cirantanapriyasuhṛd, U. vi.; first shewing leniency as a f.: suhṛdiva prathamamanukūlatāṃ prakaṭayya, Ma. iv. 7.;
     7 bandhuḥ, who else is f. to me like you: ko'paraḥ tvatsamo me bandhuḥ, K.;
     5 vayasya (f. syā = of the same age).
     II An advocate:
     1 mitram;
     2 bandhuḥ.

FRIENDLESS:
     1 bandhuhīnaḥ (nā naṃ), I live in this wood f. as dead: atrāraṇye bandhuhīno mṛtavannivasāmi, H.;
     2 mitrahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 asahāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= without a helper).

FRIENDLINESS:
     1 snehaḥ: v. Affection, love;
     2 anukūlatā (favourableness);
     3 dayā (= kindness):
     4 mitravadvyavahāraḥ.

FRIENDLY (adj.):
     1 snigdha (f. gdhā) (affectionate);
     2 anukūlaḥ (lā laṃ) (= favourable);
     3 sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= kind). Ph.: should have f. feeling towards those who have enjoyments: sambhogāpanne ṣu maitrīṃ bhāvayet, P. d.; the one next to an enemy is a f. power: areranantaraṃ mitram, M. vii. 158.

FRIENDLY (adv.):
     1 mitravat;
     2 suhṛdiva;
     3 bandhuvat, etc.

FRIENDSHIP:
     1 sakhyam, among the good, f. (is produced) in seven words: satāṃ sāptapadaṃ sakhyam, Mah.;
     2 mitratā or maitrī, to make f.: maitrīṃ karoti, Ki.; it is not proper (to form) f. with a stranger: āgantunā saha maitrī na yuktā, H.;
     3 sauhārdam or sauhṛdam out of f. or from compassion towards me: sauhārdādvā mayyanukrośabuddhyā vā, Me.;
     4 bandhutā.

FRIEZE:
     I Coarse cloth: sthūlapaṭṭam.
     II In architecture: *avacūḍā.

FRIGATE: madguḥ (?). D. vi.: v. Ship.

FRIGHT (subs.): trāsaḥ: v. Fear, terror. To take f.: trasyati (tras, c. 4.) (with abl.).

FRIGHTEN (v.):
     1 bhīṣayati vi-, (c. of bhī), I can never be f. ed with mere words: nāhaṃ bhīṣayituṃ śakyo vāṅmātreṇa kathañcana, Mah.
     2 trāsayati vi-, (c. of tras), on the pretence of f. ing pigeons: pārāvatatrāsanāpadeśāt, D. To be f. ed: bibheti bhī, c. 2.), do not get f. ed: mā bhaiṣīḥ, I therefore stand f. ed before you: ata eva bhītastiṣṭhāmi te'grataḥ, Mah.

FRIGHTFUL:
     1 bhairavaḥ (vī vaṃ);
     2 bhīṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 bhīmaḥ (mā maṃ);
     4 karālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     5 vikaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ): v. Also dreadful, fearful.

FRIGHTFULLY:
     1 bhairavam;
     2 bhīṣaṇam;
     3 bhīmam;
     4 karālam;
     5 vikaṭam, Vi.: v. Also dreadfully.

FRIGHTFULNESS:
     1 bhairavatā;
     2 bhīṣaṇatā;
     3 dāruṇatā.

FRIGID:
     I Cold: q.v.: śītaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Unfeeling: q.v.: nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ).

FRIGIDITY:
     I Coldness: q.v.: śītatā.
     II Fig.: nīrasatā.

FRIGIDLY:
     I Lit.: śītalam.
     II Fig.: nīrasam

FRILL: *phullitadaśā (after Assamese).

FRINGE:
     1 daśā;
     2 añcalaḥ;
     3 tarī or tariḥ (rare).

FRINGED:
     1 daśāyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 añcalānvitaḥ (tā taṃ); etc.

FRIPPERY:
     I Lit.:
     1 jīrṇavastram;
     2 ucchiṣṭavastram.
     II Fig.: secondhand finery: dṛṣṭiśobhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

FRISK (v.) khelati (khel, c. 1.), U.: v. To play, leap.

FRITH: mukham (= mouth); saṅgamaḥ (= confluence).

FRITTER (subs.): khaṇḍaḥ (mn.): v. Fragment.

FRITTER (v.):
     I To cut: khaṇḍaśaḥ kṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.).
     II To break into pieces: śakalayati (nomi.) F. away: kṣapayati (c. of kṣai). v. To waste.

FRIVOLITY:
     1 lāghavam;
     2 laghutā;
     3 laghuvṛttitā;
     4 cāpalyaṃ or capalatā. (fickleness);
     5 yatkiñcanakāritā, Ki. N.B.
     3 to
     5 only of conduct.

FRIVOLOUS:
     I Of little weight, slight: laghu (mfn.).
     II Given to trifling
     1 laghu (mfn.);
     2 yatkiñcanakārin (f. ṇī);
     3 capalaḥ (lā laṃ).

FRIVOLOUSLY:
     1 laghutayā;
     2 lāghavena;
     3 cāpalyena.

FRIZ, FRIZE, FRIZZLE (v.): kuñcitam (f. tāṃ) karotiḥ v. Curly, to make.

FRIZZLED, FRIZZLY:
     1 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ).

FRO: Ph.: to and f.:
     1 itastataḥ;
     2 itaścetaḥ.

FROCK:
     I For females: śāṭī (?):
     II For males: āprapadīnam (?).

FROG:
     1 bhekaḥ;
     2 maṇḍūkaḥ;
     3 darduraḥ;
     4 varṣābhūḥ (rare).

FROG-FISH: matsyaviśeṣaḥ; *bhekamukhaḥ.

FROLIC (v. i): khelati (khela, c. 1.): v. To play, sport.

FROLIC (subs.): khelā: v. Play, sport.

FROLICSOME:
     1 vilāsapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 vinodin (f. ): v. Also playful.

FROLICSOMENESS:
     1 vilāsapriyatā;
     2 vinoditā.

FROM:
     I Of place: (a) by abl. f. its top: tasyāgrabhāgāt, Sa.; rose f. the seat: pīṭhādudattiṣṭhat, Si. i. 12.; (b) sometimes by tat. comp., fallen f. the mouth of a hawk: śyenamukhaparibhraṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), K.
     II Of distance: by abl.: the village is a rojana f. the forest: vanādgrāmo yojanam, S. k.; not far f. here: ito nātidūre, K.
     III Of time; (a) by abl. and prabhṛti or ārabhya, f. the time of seeing: darśanāt prabhṛti, K.; f. today: adyaprabhṛti, Ki.; (b) by comp. with -avadhi or ā, f. today: adyāvadhi; f. birth: ājanmanaḥ, Sa. v.
     IV Of source, origin: (a) by abl., the Ganges rises f. the Himalayas: himavato gaṅgā prabhavati; men are sprung f. God: trahmaṇaḥ prajāḥ prajāyante, S. k.
     V Denoting cause, occasion, etc.: (a) by abl. not f. exhaustion: na khedāt, Mu. i.; and f. nonperception of others: itareṣāñcānupalabdheḥ, S.; (b) by ins. in the case of feminine nouns, f. a diesire to see: didṛkṣayā, Ki.: f. fragrance: surabhitayā, K.
     VI Of material: v. Of.
     VII Of persons: expr. by sakāśāt and gen., f. Raghu: roghoḥ sakāśāt, R. v. 24. Miscell: f. day to day. dine dine, Ku. i. 25.: f. country: to country: deśāt deśam or deśāntaram, D. vi.; wandered f. house to house: gṛhādgṛhaṃ praviśyābhramat, D.; f. the beginning: āmūlāt or āditaḥ, Mu. ii.; f. a boy: bāla eva or bālyāt prabhṛtiḥ, Vi.; f. behind: pṛṣṭhenāgatya or paścādetya,
     V iii.; f. humanity to corporeal beings ending in God: manuṣyatvādārabhya brahmānteṣu dehavatsu, S.; f. God to columns: ābrahmastambhaparyantam, S. p. b.; speaking of the difference of happiness f. humanity upwards, speaks of it among the lower (beings): manuṣyatvādūrdhvagateṣu sukhasya tāratamyamuktavā'dhogateṣu tadāha, S. com.; told (her) all f. the conquest: vijayādārabhya sarvamācacakṣe, K.; f. me (=for me): madvacanāt, Sa.; the sixth king f. Nimi: nimeḥ ṣaṣṭho mahīpatiḥ, Ram. i. 68. 8.

FRONT (subs.):
     I Face, brow: q.v.
     II In gen.:
     1 agram, in f. of: agrataḥ (with gen.), Ku.: v. Before.;
     2 agrabhāgaḥ (= f. part);
     3 agrabhūmiḥ (= f. place), Ki.;
     4 śiras (n.) (= head; q.v.), in f. of battle: raṇaśirasi, Sa. From the f. as if dragged by the heart, on the back as if driven by Cupid: purastādākṛṣyamāṇeva hṛdayena pṛṣṭhataḥ preryamāṇeva puṣpadhanvanā, K.; the leader should go in f.: nāyakaḥ purato yāyāt, Ka.; to place in f.: puraskaroti, Ka.; goer in f.: purogaḥ (gā gaṃ), etc, Ku. in f...... on the rear: puraḥ pūrvataḥ..... paścāt, Ka. xviii. 56. 7.

FRONT (adj.):
     1 agra (f. grā) (= fore);
     2 sammukhīnaḥ (nā naṃ), f. window.: sammukhīnaṃ vātāyanam.

FRONT (v.):
     1 sammukhayati;
     2 abhimukhayati: v. To face, con-f.

FRONTAGE: sammukhabhāgaḥ sammukham.

FRONTIER:
     I Subs: border: q.v.: prāntaḥ.
     II Adj.: sāmantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), f. king: sāmantaḥ.
     VI

FRONTISPIECE:
     I Of a book: prathamacitram (?).
     II Of a building: sammukham.

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FRONTLET:
     I Lit.: lalāṭikā.
     II Fig.: bhru(bhrū)kuṭiḥ; bhrūbhaṅgaḥ.

FROST: no exact equiv.:
     1 tuṣāraḥ;
     2 prāleyaḥ;
     3 avaśyāyaḥ would do. F.-bitten:
     1 tuṣārakṣataḥ (tā taṃ), Ku.;
     2 prāleyāvatatimlānaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki.

FROSTY: atihimaḥ (ma maṃ), F. weather: tuṣārakālaḥ, Ki.

FROTH (subs.):
     1 phenaḥ (ṇaḥ);
     2 maṇḍaḥ (in boiling), removed the f.: maṇḍamagālayat, D. vi.

FROTH (v.):
     1 phenā(ṇā)yate (nomi.), f. ing ocean: phenāyamānaṃ patimāpagānām, Si. iii. 72.;
     2 maṇḍāyate (in boiling);
     3 phenam udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.) (as of horse), K.

FROTHINESS:
     I Lit.: phenilatā.
     II Emptiness: niḥsāratā.

FROTHY:
     I Lit.: pheni(ṇi)laḥ, (lā laṃ); phenalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Fig., empty: niḥsāraḥ (rā raṃ); phenopamaḥ (mā maṃ), f. life: phenopamaṃ jīvitam, H.

FROUZY: pūtigandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ): v. Fetid.

FROWARD: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Perverse, obstinate.

FROWARDLY: pratīpam: v. Perversely, obstinately.

FROWARDNESS: pratīpatā: v. Obstinacy, perverseness.

FROWN (subs.):
     1 bhrūbhaṅgaḥ, making a f.: bhrūbhaṅgamādhāya, B. -ābadhya, com.;
     2 bhra(bhru)kuṭiḥ -ṭī, face bent with f.: bhrūkuṭikuṭilaṃ mukham, V. p.

FROWN (v.): bhrūbhaṅgaṃ karoti; bhrukuṭiṃ baghnāti (bandh, c. 9). etc., you are f. ing at me: mayyeva bhrūkuṭidharaḥ saṃvṛttaḥ, Vi. ii.

FROWNINGLY:
     1 bhrūbhaṅgaṃ bad dhvā;
     2 bhrūkuṭiṃ kṛtvā;
     3 bhrūmaṅgamādhāya.

FROZEN:
     I Lit.:
     1 śilībhūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ghanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= thick), f. dew: ghananīhāraḥ, Ki.: v. To freeze.
     II Chilly;
     1 nitāntaśītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 himapradhānaḥ (nā naṃ).

FRUCTIFICATION:
     I Lit.: phaladīkaraṇam; better by verb.
     II The reproductive parts of a plant: prasūnam; phalapuṣpam.
     III The process: prasūnakḷptiḥ (?).

FRUCTIFY: phalavantam (tīṃ -t) karoti; phaladīkaroti (rare).

FRUGAL:
     1 mitavyayin (f. );
     2 parimitavyayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

FRUGALITY:
     1 mitavyayitā;
     2 parimitavyayaḥ.

FRUGALLY:
     I With frugality: mitavyayena pari-,
     II Moderately, sparingly: mitam pari-.

FRUIT:
     1 (lit. and fig.), raw, ripe, dry, juicy, insect-contaminated f.: āmaṃ pakvaṃ śuṣkaṃ sarasaṃ kīṭadgaṣitaṃ phalam, Bha.; and to enjoy the sweet f. s of the life-tree: bhoktuṃ svādu phalañca jīvitataroḥ, B. i.; you will get (its) f. also: phalamapi prāpsyasi, Mr. ii.; considering very important production of f. s: garīyasīṃ phalaniṣpattiṃ vigaṇayya, Ki. ii. 35.;
     2 prasavaḥ (of trees, of animals), about f. s: prasavaṃ prati, M. ix. 55.

FRUIT, TO BEAR: phalati (phal, c. 1.), b. s f. among the good: phalati sādhuṣu, Ma. n.; your wishes have borne f.: tava kāmāḥ phalitāḥ, R.; about to b. f.: phalonmukhaḥ (khā khaṃ), Vi.; b. f. in time: kāle phalaṃ badhnanti, R. xii. 69.

FRUIT-BEARING:
     1 phalin (f. );
     2 phalabhṛt (mfn.): v. Fruitful.

FRUITERER:
     1 phalavikrotṛ (f. trī);
     2 phalavikrayin (f. );
     3 phalajīvin (f. ).

FRUITERY:
     I Fruits: phalāni (n. pl.).
     II A fruit-loft: phalāgāram.

FRUITFUL:
     1 phalavat (f. );
     2 phalin (f. );
     3 phalaśālin (f. ), f. action: phalaśālinī kriyā, Ki. ii. 36.;
     4 phaladaḥ (dā daṃ), phaladāyin (f. ), etc. (= fruit-producing), as a germ would become f. in time: yathāṅkuraḥ kāle phalaprado mavet, Bha.

FRUITEFULLY:
     1 phalavat;
     2 saphalam;
     3 pracuram (= copiously).

FRUITFULNESS:
     1 phalavattā;
     2 phalaśālitā;
     3 phalapradatvam.

FRUIT-GARDEN:
     1 phalavāṭikā;
     2 phalodyānam, Raj.

FRUITION: sambhogaḥ: v. Enjoyment.

FRUITLESS
     1 niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ), by all means (your) wisdom is f.: sarvathā niṣphalā prajñā, K.;
     2 viphalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 aphalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 phalahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     5 phalaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ); etc.

FRUITLESSLY:
     1 niṣphalam;
     2 viphalam;
     3 vyartham (= in vain: q.v.).

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FRUIT-TREE:
     1 phalavān vṛkṣaḥ, etc.;
     2 vanaspatiḥ (large f.), B. ii. 33.

FRUSTRATE:
     1 viphalīkaroti, whose efforts were f. d: viphalīkṛtayatna (f. tnā) Ki. xv. 46.;
     2 vyarthīkaroti, finding her undertaking f. d: asyā vyavasāyaṃ vyarthīkṛtamavasāya, N. iii. 6.;
     3 moghīkaroti;
     4 niṣphalīkaroti;
     5 viphalaṃ (f. lāṃ), moghaṃ (f. ghāṃ), etc. karoti vitanoti (tan, c. 8.) or vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.). To be f. d: viphalībhavati, etc., K.

FRUSTRATION:
     1 by verb;
     2 bhaṅgaḥ;
     3 ṣighātaḥ or vyāghātaḥ.

FRY (subs.):
     I Of fishes:
     1 kṣudramatsyasaṃghātaḥ;
     2 potādhānam (= small f.), A.
     II Of men: "even the smaller f.": kṣudrā api.

FRY (v. t.): bharjayati saṃ- ni-, (c. of bhṛj), to f. with oil: taile bharjayati, Bha. F. ed meat: mṛṣṭaṃ māṃsam, Bha.

FRYING-PAN:
     1 bhrāṣṭam;
     2 bhrajjanam;
     3 ambarīṣam.

FUDDLED: madena or madhunā hṛtacetanaḥ (nā naṃ), K. s.

FUDGE: an exclamation:
     1 halam;
     2 kam;
     3 phas (?).

FUEL:
     1 indhanam;
     2 samidh (f.);
     3 edhas (n.);
     4 idhmam. Ph.: to add. f. to the flames: kṣāraṃ kṣate prakṣipati, Mr.

FUGITIVE (adj.);
     I Fleeting: q.v.:
     1 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 acirasthāyin (f. ).
     II Running away: palāyitaḥ (tā taṃ); kṛtapalāyanaḥ (nā naṃ).

FUGITIVE (subs.): kṛtapalāyaṇaḥ (nā naṃ); palāyanakārin (f. ṇī).

FULCRUM: *ālambaḥ.

FULFIL:
     I To fill up: q.v.
     II To carry into effect:
     1 pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.), f. ing (his) promise: pūrayitvā pratijñām, Ve. iv.;
     2 saphalīkaroti-kṛrute (kṛ, c. 8.), f. our wishes: manorathānnaḥ saphalīkuruṣva, Ki. iii. 54.;
     3 nirvāhayati (c. of vaha) (to accomplish: q.v.).

FULFILLER:
     1 pūrakaḥ sam- pari-;
     2 pūrayitṛ (m.), pari-.

FULFILMENT:
     1 pūraṇam pari-;
     2 sādhanam (= accomplishment: q.v.).

FULGENCY: rociṣṇutā.: v. Brightness, splendour.

FULGENT: rociṣṇu (mfn.): v. Bright, brilliant.

FULL (adj.):
     I Full of, abounding in:
     1 pūrṇa (f. rṇā), pari- saṃ-, a pot f. of Chhātu: śaktupūrṇaśarāvaḥ, H.; is seen every morning f. of gold: prātaḥ prātaḥ suvarṇa pūrṇo ghśyate, D.; f. of water: salilasaṃpūrṇa (f. rṇā), Ve.;
     2 -mayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (fig.), f. of joy: ānandamayaḥ (yī yaṃ), S.;
     3 bhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), sam-, (rare), Vi.;
     4 -valaḥ (lā laṃ) (only in some cases) f. of reeds: naḍvalaḥ (lā laṃ), R.
     II Ample, copious: q.v.: pūrṇa (f. rṇā), sam- pari-.
     III Complete, entire: q.v.: pūrṇa (f. rṇā), saṃ- pari-, f. youth: pūrṇayauvanam; a f. year: pūrṇavarṣam (adv.); f. speed: pūrṇavegaḥ M.n.
     IV Mature: q.v.: pariṇataḥ (tā taṃ). V. Of colour: ghoraḥ (rā raṃ).

FULL (adv.): pūrṇam saṃ- pari-, f. blown: pūrṇavikāsin (f. ); f. -bodied wine: *puṣṭaṃ madyam.

FULL (v.):
     I Intrans: pūrṇa (f. rṇā) bhavati.
     II Trans:
     1 ślakṣṇayati (nomi.), to f. cloth: ślakṣṇayati vastram, S.k.;
     2 ślakṣṇīkaroti.

FULL-GROWN:
     I Lit.: pūrṇayauvanaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Fig., mature: pakvaḥ (kvā kvaṃ), pari-.

FULL-LENGTH (adj.): Ph.: f. portrait: dehadīrdhacitram (?).

FULL-MOON:
     1 pūrṇacandraḥ and sim. comp.s.;
     2 sakalenduḥ, V.;
     3 kaṭhoratārādhipaḥ (rare), Si. The lunar day of f.:
     1 pūrṇimā;
     2 paurṇamāsī;
     3 rākā. (rare), Vi.

FULLER: rajakaḥ (= washerman), f.'s earth: rajakamṛttikā (?).

FULLNESS, FULNESS:
     I The state of being full:
     1 pūrṇatā saṃ-;
     2 pūrtiḥ pari-, (rare).
     II Abundance, sufficiency: q.v.:
     1 pūrṇatā;
     2 bāhulyam.
     III Completeness:
     1 pūrṇatā; paripākaḥ (= maturity).
     IV Of colour: ghoratā.

FULLY:
     I Completely, altogether:
     1 sampūrṇam;
     2 aśeṣeṇa.
     II At length:
     1 vistareṇa;
     2 suvistaram.

FULMINATE (v.):
     I Lit., to thunder: sphūrjati (sphūrj, c. 1.).
     II Fig., to send out: sphūrjayati (c. of sphūrj) (?).

FULMINATION: sphūrjitam, with f.s of thunder: sphūrjathusphūrjitaiḥ, Vi.

FULSOME:
     I Nauseous, disgusting: kutsitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Coarse, obscene: garhitaḥ (tā taṃ), f. flattery: garhitastavaḥ (?).

FULSOMELY:
     1 garhitam;
     2 kutsitam;
     3 bībhatsam.

FULSOMENESS:
     1 garhitatā;
     2 bībhatsatā;
     3 kutsitatā.

FUMBLE: sambhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) parāmṛśati (mṛś, c. 6.) (?).

FUMBLER: expr. by verb.

FUMBLINGLY:
     1 sambhrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= confused);
     2 aparūpam (= awkwardly).

FUME (subs.):
     I Lit.: dhūmaḥ (paḥ), "f. s. of wine" *madyadhūpāḥ.
     II Of rage: saṃrambhaḥ.

FUME (v.i.):
     I Lit.: dhūmā(pā)yate (nomi.).
     II Fig.: to rage: saṃrabdha (f. bdhā) bhavati.

FUMID:
     1 sadhūmaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 dhūmānvitaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.

FUMIGATE: (v.t.):
     1 dhūpāyati (nomi.);
     2 vāsayati (vās, c. 10.) (= to perfume).

FUMIGATION:
     1 expr. by verb:
     2 vāsanam adhi- anu-.

FUMING: saṃrabdhaḥ (bdhā bdhaṃ): v. Enraged.

FUMINER, FUMITORY: *kudhūmaḥ; durgandhauṣadhibhedaḥ.

FUN: parihāsaḥ (= jest: q.v.).

FUNCTION:
     I Work: q.v.: vyāpāraḥ.
     II Action: q.v.: vṛttiḥ, f. of the heart: hṛdayavṛttiḥ.
     III Math. t.t.: vṛttiḥ, f. of x: *śasya vṛttiḥ;(śa)vṛṃ.

FUNCTIONARY: adhikṛtaḥ v. Officer, employce.

FUND (subs.):
     I Stock, capital: q.v.: sāradhanam.
     II A store, supply: koṣaḥ, "an inexhaustible f. of stories": akṣayyakathākopaḥ.
     III In pl., public f. s: *rājarṇam; rāṣṭrarṇam. Ph.: sinking f.: *śodhanamūlam.

FUNDAMENT:
     1 gudam;
     2 guhyam;
     3 apānam;
     4 pāyuḥ.

FUNDAMENTAL: mūla-, in comp., f. bodies: mūlapadārthāḥ; f. cause: mūlakāraṇam; f. sound: mūladhvaniḥ.

FUNDAMENTALLY:
     1 mūlataḥ;
     2 sārataḥ;
     3 tattvataḥ.

FUND-HOLDER: *rājarṇadātṛ (f. trī); rāṣṭrarṇadātṛ (f. trī).

FUNERAL (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 antyeṣṭaḥ -kriyā;
     2 aurdhvadehikam -kriyā;
     3 pretakāryam.
     II Fig.: f. procession: pretayātrā (?).

FUNERAL (adj.): aurdhvadehikaḥ (kī kaṃ). Ph.: f. ceremony: śrāddham; f. fire: citāgniḥ; f. procession: pretayātrā; f. hymn (in burning): pretadāhamantraḥ.

FUNEREAL: śokaviplutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Sorrowful.

FUNGOUS: chatropamaḥ (mā maṃ); chatrasannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ), etc.

FUNGUS:
     1 chatram -trā;
     2 chatra(trā)kam

FUNNEL: cuṅgī (in modern vernaculars), f. form, f. -shaped *cuṅgyākāraḥ (rā raṃ).

FUNNY:
     1 hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 hāsyajananaḥ (nī naṃ); etc.

FUR (subs.):
     I Fine hair: sūkṣmalo(ro)man (n.).
     II Skin with f.: sūkṣbhalomacarman (n.) (?).
     III Of the tongue: kula(lva)kam.

FURBELOW: a flounce: prambālam.

FURBISH:
     1 pramājaryati or mārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 10. and 2.);
     2 dhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.).

FURBISHER:
     1 pramārjakaḥ;
     2 dhāvakaḥ F. of weapons: astramārjaḥ.

FURIOUS:
     I Mad, violent: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), f. elephant: mattagajaḥ.
     II Strong, turbulent: q.v.: caṇḍaḥ (ṇḍā ṇḍāṃ), f. wind: caṇḍavātaḥ.

FURIOUSLY: expr. by adj.

FURIOUSNESS: v. Fury.

FURL (v.): piṇḍīkaroti, Mr.

FURLONG: nalvaḥ; krośasya ṣoḍaśabhāgaḥ.

FURLOUGH: *karmmāvasaraḥ; vidāyaḥ (= leave).

FURNACE:
     1 udhmānam;
     2 agnikuṇḍam. A portable f.:
     1 aṅgāradhānikā;
     2 aṅgāraśakaṭī.

FURNISH:
     I In gen.: no equiv.
     1 yojayati saṃ-, (yuj, c. 10.);
     2 saṃ-bibharti (bhṛ, c. 3.);
     3 upapādayati (c. of pad).
     II To offer:
     1 dadāti (, c. 3.);
     2 pratipādayati (c. of pad).

FURNISHED: Ph.: f. house: parivarhavanti veśmāni (?), R. xiv. 15.; sopakaraṇāni gṛhāṇi (?).

FURNITURE: upakaraṇāni (n. pl.) (?); parivarhaḥ (?), R.

FURRED, FURRY:
     I Lit.: sūkṣmalomaśaḥ (śā śaṃ); sūkṣmaromānvitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Of the tongue: kulu(lva)kin (f. ).

FURRIER: paśulomajīvin (m.) (?); sūkṣmalomavikretṛ (m.) (?).

FURROW (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 sītā;
     2 lāṅgalapaddhatiḥ.
     II A groove: rekhā.
     III Wrinkle: q.v.

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FURROW (v.): dārayati vi- (ddha, c. 10.), R.

FURROWED (adj.): i.e. wrinkled: q.v.

FURTHER (v.):
     1 anukūlayati (nomi.) (= to be friend);
     2 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh) (= to advance).

FURTHER (adj.):
     I More distant:
     1 dūrataraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 davīyas (f. ).
     II As opposed to nearer:
     1 dūraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 dūrasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ.)
     III Additional:
     1 adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 aparaḥ (rā raṃ) (= other).

FURTHER (adv.):
     I Of distance:
     1 dūratarabh;
     2 davīyas.
     II In. addition: adhikam.
     III Moreover: aparañca.

FURTHERANCE: expr. by verb: v. Further.

FURTHERER:
     1 sahāyaḥ (= helper);
     2 better by verb.

FURTHERMORE: aparañca: v. Moreover.

FURTIVE: v. Stolen, secret.

FURTIVELY: v. Stealth (by), secretly.

FURY:
     I Madness: mattatā, in f.: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).
     II Violence: caṇḍatā pra- ut-,
     III Violent rage: saṃrambhaḥ.
     IV A deity:
     1 caṇḍā;
     2 bhairavī.

FURZE: vītapuṣpaḥ sadāparṇo gulmabhedaḥ.

FUSE (v.):
     I Trans.: vilāyayati (c. of ): v. To melt.
     II Intrans: vilīyate (, c. 4.). v.: Melt.

FUSEE:
     I Of a wakS: *śaṅkucakram.
     II A light musket: *ladhubandukam.

FUSIBLE:
     1 vilayanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 galanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 drāvya (f. vyā) or dravaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), vi-.

FUSIBILITY:
     1 vilayanīyatā;
     2 galanīyatā;
     3 drāvyatā.

FUSION:
     I The act:
     1 vilayanam;
     2 galanam;
     3 vidrāvaṇam.
     II Union: q.v.: saṃyogaḥ.

FUSS (subs.):
     1 āḍambaraḥ (= show);
     2 sambhramaḥ (= bustle).

FUSSY:
     1 āḍambarapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 sambhramaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

FUSTIAN:
     I Coarse cloth: sthūlapaṭṭam.
     II Of language: atiśayoktiḥ.

FUSTIGATION: vetrāghātaḥ: v. Flogging.

FUSTINESS:
     I Lit.: durgandhatā.
     II Dryness: śuṣkatā.

FUSTY:
     I Rank: durgandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ).
     II Dry: śuṣkaḥ (ṣkā ṣkaṃ).

FUTILE: nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Useless.

FUTILITY:
     1 nirarthakatā;
     2 niṣphalatā: v. Uselessness.

FUTURE (adj.):
     1 bhaviṣyat (f. ntī) or maviṣyaḥ (ṣyā ṣyaṃ), of the f. husband: maviṣyataḥ patyuḥ, Ku. iii. 58.; f. kings: bhaviṣyāḥ pārthavāḥ, V.p.;
     2 bhāvin (f. ), the past, the present and the f.: samatītañca bhavacca bhāvi ca, R viii. 78.;
     3 anāgataḥ (tā taṃ) (= what is not present), sees the f.: anāgataṃ paśyati, Vi.;
     4 bhavya (f. vyā) (rare), Ki.

FUTURE (subs.): v. Future (adj.) and futurity.

FUTURITY:
     1 āyatiḥ;
     2 udarkaḥ;
     3 uttarakālaḥ and sim comp.s. F. (as opposed to this world): parakālaḥ.


GABARDINE: sthūlamāprapadīnam (?); *govardhanam.

GABBLE: jalpati (jalp, c. 1.): v. To Babble, chatter.

GABBLER: jalpākaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Babbler.

GABION: *gopakaḥ; śatroragnergopako mṛdgarbhaḥ karaṇḍaviśeṣaḥ.

GABLE: trikoṇaśiras (n.) (?). G. window: trikoṇavātāyanam (?).

GAD (subs.):
     I Of a weapon: agram, g. of an arrow: bāṇāgram.
     II A spike or wedge: kīlaḥ.

GAD (v.i.): aṭati (aṭ, c. 1.): v. To roam, wander.

GADDER: vṛthābhramaṇakārin (f. ṇī): v. Rambler.

GADFLY:
     1 daṃśaḥ -śī;
     2 daṃśakaḥ;
     3 gomakṣikā.

GAG (subs.):
     1 mukhabandhanī;
     2 mukharodhanam (?), etc.

GAG (v.): mukhaṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), ruṇaddhi. ni-, (rudh, c. 7.).

GAGE (subs.):
     I Pledge: q.v.: bandhakaḥ.
     II A challenge to combat.: perh. kṣepaḥ, "there I throw my g.": atrāhaṃ kṣepaṃ kṣipāmi.

GAGE (v.):
     I To bind: q.v.
     II To gauge: q.v.

GAGGLING: Of geese:
     1 haṃsanādaḥ; haṃsanisvanaḥ, Ki.;
     2 marālakūjitam, M. n.

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GAIETY:
     1 āmodaḥ;
     2 pramodaḥ: v. Mirth, cheerfulness.

GAILY:
     I Cheerfully: sollāsam.
     II Beautifully: sundaram.

GAIN (subs.):
     1 lābhaḥ, are the g. s of your business thriving: api pracīyante saṃvyvahārāṇāṃ lābhā vaḥ, Mu. i.; participating good g. s: uttamalābhabhāj (min.), Si. iii. 76.;
     2 vṛddhiḥ (= increase), considering g. and loss: vṛddhikṣayau vicārya, M. viii. 401.

GAIN (v.t.):
     I To obtain, acquire: q.v.: labhate (labh, c. 1.), g. ed by knowledge: vidyayā labdha (f. bdhā), Y.; if you again g. your place: yadi labdhaṃ punarātmanaḥ padam, Ki.
     II To be successful in: jayati (ji, c. 1.), to g. a battle: yuddhaṃ jayati or yuddhe jayaṃ labhate; one who g.s a case: jayin (f. ), Mit.
     III To arrive at: q.v.: prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.).
     IV Of time: it g. s an hour a day: *pratyahamasyekā ghaṭikā vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.) or upacīyate (pass. of ci). Ph: to g. ground: upa-cīyate pra-.

GAIN ON or UPON: "g. ed u. the Venetains" *vainasikebhyaḥ vṛddhiṃ prāpuḥ; "so far g. ed on the emperor": *adhirājamīdṛganukūlīcakāra.

GAIN OVER: dhanadānādinā ātmīyaṃ (f. yāṃ) karoti.

GAINER: expr. by verb.

GAINFUL: lāmakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Profitable.

GAINLESS: alābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ): v. Unprofitable.

GAINSAY: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To contradict.

GAIT:
     1 gatiḥ;
     2 calanam;
     3 gamanam as in gajagamanaḥ (nā naṃ).

GAITER: gulphatrāṇam (?).

GALA-DAY:
     1 utsavadinam;
     2 pramodadivasaḥ; etc.

GALAXY:
     I The milky-way: suranadī.
     II A spendid assemblage "of g. poets": mahākavīnāṃ samāgamaḥ.

GALBAN, GALBANUM: *gālvanam; niryāsaviśeṣaḥ.

GALE: vātaḥ, hard g.: caṇḍavātaḥ: v. Wind, breeze.

GALL (subs.):
     I The bile: pittam, g.-bladder: pittāśayaḥ.
     II Spite, malignity: q.v.: viṣam (= poison). Ph.: to add g. to bitterness: kṣate kṣāraṃ kṣipati, P.
     III A sore by rubbing: kṣatam (gen. term),
     IV Of a tree: malam (?).

GALL (v.t.):
     I To chafe: gharṣaṇena kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.).
     II To tease, vex: q.v.: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.)

GALL-FLY: latāmakṣikā (after gomakṣikā).

GALL-STONE: pittāśayaśarkarā: v. Stone.

GALLANT (adj.):
     I Handsome, showy: q.v.: śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Brave, courageous: q.v.; śūraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Chivalrous: dakṣiṇa (f. ṇā).

GALLANT (subs.):
     I Lover: vallabhaḥ.
     II Paramour: jāraḥ.

GALLANTLY:
     I Bravely: sasāhasam.
     II Politely:
     1 dakṣiṇam;
     2 dākṣiṇyena.

GALLANTRY:
     I Courage, bravery: q.v.: śauryam.
     II Politeness: dākṣiṇyam.
     III Amour: praṇayaḥ.

GALLEON: mahāpotaḥ: v. Ship.

GALLERY:
     I A room: koṣṭhaḥ, picture g.: *citrakīṣṭhaḥ.
     II A raised structure: mañcāḥ (m. pl.), R. vi. 1., ladies' g.: yoṣitāṃ mañcāḥ, V.p. v. 20. 26.
     III A covered passage: channapathaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     IV Underground: kulyā (= mine).

GALLEY:
     I A long boat: noḥ.
     II The cookroom of a man-of-war: pākasthalī.

GALLEY-SLAVE: naudāsaḥ (?); potadāsaḥ (?).

GALLIC, -AN: *pharāsīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

GALLICISM: *pharāsīyanītiḥ; pharāsīyabhāṣarītiḥ.

GALLINULE: jalakukkuṭaḥ (f. ṭī); jalaraṅkuḥ, Wilson.

GALLING (adj.):
     1 kaṭu (mfn.) (= bitter);
     2 marmāvidh (mfn.).

GALLIPOT: ghaṭī (?): v. Pot.

GALLON: dravamānaviśeṣaḥ; arddhaprasthaḥ, Williams.

GALLOP (v.):
     I Of the animal:
     1 plavate (plu, c. 1.);
     2 valgati (valg, c. 1.).
     II Of the rider: perh plutagatyā calati (cal, c. 1.); pulāyitena gacchati (gam, c. 1.).

GALLOP (subs.):
     1 plutam;
     2 pulāyitam;
     3 valgitam. Full g: pūrṇavegā gatiḥ, M. n.

GALLOWS: baddhakāṣṭham (?); baddhadāru (n.) (?).

GALVANIC: *galvanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); gālvanaṃ (nī naṃ).

GALVANIZE: *gālvanīkaroti, g. d iron: *gālvanīkṛtalohaḥ.

GAMBLE:
     1 dīvyati (div, c. 4.), g. s. on hundred: śatasya dīvyati, S. k.;
     2 dyutaṃ karoti or sevate ni- (sev, c. 1.), M. ix. 228.

GAMBLER:
     1 dyūta karaḥ or -kāraḥ;
     2 devitṛ (m.), Mah.;
     3 durodaraḥ (rare).

GAMBLING:
     1 dyūtam;
     2 devanam, M.;
     3 durodaram (rare);
     4 kaitavam (rare). G. -assembly: dyūtasabhā or dyūtasamājam. Its president: sabhikaḥ. G. -house: dyūtaśālā. G. -table, g. -board: dyūtaphalakam.

GAMBOL (subs.): nṛtyam (= dance);
     2 krīḍā (= sport).

GAMBOL (v.):
     1 nṛtyati (nṛt, c. 4.) (= to dance);
     2 krīḍati (= to play).

GAME:
     I Sport:
     1 krīḍā, shewed other good g. s with a ball: krīḍāntarāṇi darśanīyāni kandukenādarśayat, D.;
     2 khelā, let us have a g. at chess: *caturaṅgakhelāṃ karavāva, Ph.: you are making a g. of me: mayā saha krīḍāṃ or khelāṃ karoṣi.
     II In hunting: jāṅgalaḥ, almost all g. is light and strengthening: jāṅgalāḥ prāyaśaḥ sarve laghavo balavardhanāḥ, Bha.
     III Project, scheme: q.v.

GAME-COCK:
     1 yodhakukkuṭaḥ;
     2 caraṇāyudhaḥ (poet), kathamupakrāntaeva krūradhāracaraṇaśastrayo ścaraṇāyudhayoḥ kalahaḥ, V. t.

GAME-EGG: yodhakukku ṭagarbhamaṇḍam.

GAME-KEEPER: jāṅgalapālaḥ (after vanapālaḥ of N.).

GAMESOME:
     1 krīḍāpriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 khelāpriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

GAMESTER: dyūtakaraḥ: v. Gambler.

GAMING: v. Gambling.

GAMMON:
     I Smoked ham: dhūpitavalla ram (?).
     II A game: v. Back-g.
     III An imposition:
     1 chalam;
     2 kapaṭam.

GAMUT: the musical scale: grāmaḥ.

GANDER: haṃsaḥ;
     2 varaṭaḥ (rare).

GANG:
     1 gaṇaḥ;
     2 saṅghaḥ: v. Crowd.

GANGRENE (subs.): expr. by galitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-.

GANGRENE (v.):
     1 galati (gal, c. 1.);
     2 galitaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati.

GANGRENOUS: galitaḥ (tā taṃ), vi-.

GANGWAY:
     I A way: dvāram.
     II Of a ship: madhyam.

GAOL, GAOLER: v. Jail, jailor.

GAP (subs.):
     1 chidram (= hole);
     2 bhaṅgaḥ (= break) (?).

GAPE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 jṛmbhate vi- pra- abhi- upa-, (jṛmbh, c. 1.);
     2 jambhate (jambh, c. 1.). Ph.: of the g. ing lion: jṛmbhāvidāritamukhasya hareḥ, Mu. l.; "with g. ing amazement": vismayastimitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To open as ground: vidīryate (pass. of dṝ), Ki.

GAPER:
     1 jṛmbhakaḥ;
     2 jṛmbhākārin (m.);
     3 jṛmbhanakṛt (m.).

GAPING (subs.):
     1 jṛmbhā;
     2 jṛmbhaṇam vi-;
     3 jṛmbhitam vi-.

GARB: veṣaḥ: v. Dress.

GARBAGE: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

GARBLE: khaṇḍīkaroti: v. To corrupt, falsify.

GARDEN:
     1 udyānam, the beauty of the old g.: jīrṇodyānasya saśrīkatā, Mr. vii.;
     2 ārāpnaḥ (= pleasure.-g.);
     3 ākrīḍaḥ (=2.);
     4 vāṭikā, Kitchen g.: śākavāṭikā.

GARDENER:
     1 udyanapālaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 udyānarakṣakaḥ;
     3 udyānādhikṛtaḥ, M. n.

GARDENING: udyānakarman (n.), ornamental g.: saśrīkodyānakarman (?).

GARDEN-STUFF: udyānavastu (?); better by circumlo.

GARGLE (v.): kulīkaroti (?). G. out: niṣkulīkaroti (?).

GARGLE (subs.): ācamanīyam; ācāmyam.

GARLAND:
     1 mālā, wild g.: vanamālā, Si.;
     2 sraj (f.), divine g.: divyā srak, V.p.;
     3 dāman (n.) (rare). G. ed:
     1 malin (f. );
     2 sragvin (f. ṇī).

GARLIC:
     1 la(ra)śunam, beef with g.: gomāṃsaṃ laśunaiḥ saha, Mah. viii. 34. 11.; (2). gṛñjanaḥ.

GARMENT:
     1 baṃśukam;
     2 vasanam;
     3 vastram; vāsas (n.). A lower. g.:
     1 antarīyam,
     2 adho'śuṃkam;
     3 paridhanam;
     4 upasaṃvyānam (rare). An upper g.:
     1 uttarīyam;
     2 uttarāsaṅgaḥ;
     3 saṃvyānam.

GARNER (subs.):
     1 kuśūlaḥ;
     2 koṣṭhaḥ -kam;
     3 dhānyāgāram.

GARNER (v.t.): kuśūle rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.) or nyasyati (as, c. 4.) or niveśayati (c. of viś).

GARNER: pahmarāgaḥ -maṇiḥ (?).

GARNISH:
     1 bhūṣayati;
     2 alaṃkarotiḥ v. To adorn.

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GARNITURE: v. Ornament, adornment.

GARRET: perh. aṭṭaḥ; śirogṛham.

GARRISON (subs.): durgarakṣakāḥ sainikāḥ; rakṣāsainyam; and sim. comp.s.

GARRISON (v.): surakṣitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti; rakṣakabhṛtaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti; rakṣāsainyaṃ sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

GARROTE: lauhagraiveyakena māraṇaprakāraḥ; māraṇayantram.

GARRULITY:
     1 vācālatā;
     2 bahubhāṣitā;
     3 vāvadūkatā.

GARRULOUS:
     1 vācālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bahubhāṣin (f. ṇī);
     3 vāvadūkaḥ (kā kaṃ).

GARRULOUSLY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 vācālatayā.

GARTER: *pādāvaraṇabandhanī. Order of the G.: *rājamālāśreṇī. Knight of the G.: rājamālin (f. ).

GAS: vāyuḥ (= air). *udvāyuḥ. Coal g.: *aṅgārodvāyuḥ.

GASEOUS:
     I Lit.: *udvāyurūpaḥ (pā paṃ).
     II Fig.: asāraḥ (rā raṃ).

GASH (subs.): dīrghagabhīracchedaḥ or -cchinnam; mahācchedaḥ (?).

GASH (v.): mahācchedaṃ karoti (?); āyataṃ kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.).

GASOMETER: *udvāyumāpaḥ.

GASP (subs.): ucchvasitam. Ph.: "at the last g.": maraṇadaśāyām.

GASP (v.): ut-śvasiti (ścas, c. 2.);
     2 prabhūtaṃ śvāsaṃ karoti -kṛrute, P.

GASTRIC:
     1 by comp.
     2 jāṭharaḥ (rī raṃ), g. juice.: *jāṭharadravaḥ.

GASTRONOME:
     1 audarikaḥ;
     2 udarambhariḥ;
     3 kukṣimbhariḥ.

GASTRONOMY:
     1 udarasevā (?);
     2 kukṣikalā (?).

GATE:
     1 dvāram or rarely dvār (f.), the first palace -g.: prathamarājadvāram, Mu. ii.; the outer g. -house: vahirdvāraśālā, Mr.; at the outer g.: aṅganadvāri, B.; it has four large g. s: asya catvāri mahānti dvārāṇi, Ram.;
     2 gopuram (rare) (= city g.), Ki. v. 35. G. -post: dvārastambhaḥ. G. -keeper:
     1 dvārapālaḥ;
     2 dvārin (m.);
     3 pratihāraḥ. A female g. keeper: pratihārī, K.

GATEWAY:
     1 dvāram -pathaḥ;
     2 gopuram (= front g.) (rare), D. iii.

GATHER (v.t.):
     I To collect, assemble: q.v.: āharati sam-, (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II To cull, pluck:
     1 ā-harati samā-, g. flowers: kṛsumānyāharata, Sa. iv.;
     2 cinoti (ci, c. 5.), comp.s.:
     1 uccinoti (= to g. by climbing up a tree), D.;
     2 ava-cinoti (= to g. on or from the ground), Ku. i. 60.;
     3 lunāti (, c. 9.) (= to pluck: q.v.).
     III To infer, conclude: q.v.: avagacchati (gam, c. 1.), g. the sequel: parastādavagamyata eva, Sa. i.

GATHER (v.i.):
     I To assemble: ekatra or ekastha (f. sthā) bhavati; come, let us quickly g. (round her); tadehi śīghramekasthā bhavāma.
     II To foster: pacyate (pass. of pac), Bha.

GATHER IN:
     1 samāharati;
     2 saṃ-gṛhvāti; (grah, c. 9.).

GATHERER:
     1 samāhartṛ (f. rtrī);
     2 saṃgrahītṛ (f. trī);
     3 by verb.

GATHERING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 samāhāraḥ;
     2 saṃgrahaḥ;
     3 avacayaḥ (of flowers etc.).
     II A crowd: q.v.: janasamāgamaḥ.
     III A tumour: pakvavraṇam, Bha.

GAUDILY:
     1 ujjvalam, g. dressed: ujjvalaveṣadhārin (f. ṇī). Mr. ix.;
     2 śobhanam.

GAUDINESS:
     1 aujjvalyam (?);
     2 śobhanatā (?)
     3 āḍambaraḥ (?).

GAUDY:
     I Showy:
     1 ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ) (?);
     2 śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).
     II Merry: "g. day": harṣadinam.

GAUGE (v.): māpayati (c. of ): v. To measure.

GAUGE (subs.): māpaḥ, rain-g.: *vṛṣṭimāpaḥ.

GAUGER: māpakaḥ pari-; māpayitṛ (m.) pari-.

GAUNT: kṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ), pari-: v. Lean.

GAUNTLET: hastatrāṇam; godhā (?), Mah. Ph.: to throw down, take up the g.: yuddhāya āhvānaṃ karoti parigṛhṇāti (?).

GAUZE: gajam (in vernacular); sūkṣmāṃśukaviśeṣaḥ.

GAUZY: gajasannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ); sūkṣma (f. kṣmā) (= thin).

GAY:
     I Merry:
     1 āmodin (f. );
     2 pramodin (f. );
     3 praphullaḥ (llā llaṃ) (= cheerful).
     II Gaudy: q.v.

GAZE (v.):
     1 baddhalakṣyeṇa or sthiradṛṣṭyā nirīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), avalokayati (lok, c. 10.), etc. v. To see, look;
     2 nirvarṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.) (= to look with attention), g. ing by turn at me and the painted man: likhitaṃ puruṣaṃ māñca paryāyeṇa nirvarṇayantī, D. v.

GAZE (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 sthidṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 baddhadṛṣṭiḥ ni-.
     II The object: sthira- or baddhalakṣyam, K.

GAZELLE: prob. eṇaḥ: v. Deer. G.-eyed: eṇākṣa (f. kṣī).

GAZETTE (subs.): *vārtāvahaḥ, the Assam g.: *asamavārtāvahaḥ.

GAZETTEER:
     I A gazetter-writer: *vārtāvahalekhakaḥ.
     II Of places: *sthānakoṣaḥ, g. of India *bhāratavarṣasthānakoṣaḥ.

GAZING-STOCK: darśanapātram (?); parihāsabhūmiḥ (?).

GEAR: upakaraṇam. Ph.: in, out of g.: saṃlagna (f. gnā), vilagna (f. gnā).

GELATINE: ghanasāraḥ.

GELATINOUS: *ghanasārasadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ): v. Viscus.

GELD:
     I Subs.: v. Money.
     II Verb: v. To castrate.

GELDER:
     1 vṛṣaṇotpāṭakaḥ (?);
     2 muṣkacchedakaḥ (?).

GELDING:
     I Castration: q.v. muṣkacchedaḥ.
     II A. gelded horse: chinnamuṣko'śvaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

GEM (subs.):
     1 ratnam (lit. and fig.), a g. does not seek, but it is sought: na ratnamanvivyati mṛgyate hi tat, Ku.; the nine g.s (of the Court of Vikramāditya); navaratnāni; a necklace of g. s: ratnamālā;
     2 maṇiḥ.

GEM (v.t.): v. To stud, adorn.

GEMINI: mithunaḥ -rāśiḥ.

GEMMED:
     1 maṇimayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 ratnakhacitaḥ (tā taṃ); etc.

GENDER: liṅgam, of masculine g.: puṃliṅgaḥ; of feminine g.: strīliṅgā; of neuter g.: klīvaliṅgam; of two g. s: dviliṅga (ṅgā ṅgaṃ), of three g.s: triliṅgaḥ (ṅgā ṅgaṃ); a predicative noun of invariable g.: ajahalliṅgaḥ; these (words) are of masculine g.: etāni puṃsi syuḥ; the (words) arciḥ is of feminie and neuter g.: arciḥ sitrayānnapuṃsake ca syāt, S. k.

GENEALOGICAL: expr. by comp., g. writer: vaṃśāvalilekhakaḥ; g. tree: vaṃśavṛkṣaḥ; g. table: vaṃśakramaḥ (?)

GENEALOGICALLY:
     1 vaṃśāvalikrameṇa;
     2 vaṃśānusāreṇa.

GENEALOGIST:
     1 vaṃśakramajñaḥ;
     2 vaṃśajñaḥ;
     3 anavayajñaḥ.

GENEALOGY:
     1 baṃśāvaliḥ -lī;
     2 often by sim. vaṃśaḥ (= dynasty), I. will tell you the g. of Yadu: yadorvaṃśamahaṃ kathayāmi, V.p.; who had heard of the g. of kings: nṛpāṇāṃ śrutavṛttavaṃśā, R. vi. 20.

GENERAL (adj.): sādhāraṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ): v. Common, usual.

GENERAL, IN:
     1 sādhāraṇyena;
     2 prāyeṇa (= usually).

GENERAL (subs.):
     I Commander of an army:
     1 senāpatiḥ;
     2 senānī;
     3 balādhyakṣaḥ;
     4 senānāyakaḥ;
     5 camūpatiḥ (= g. of a division);
     6 *pṛtanāpatiḥ (= brigadier-g.).
     II A master of the military art:
     1 raṇapaṇḍitaḥ;
     2 yuddhāmijña.

GENERALISSIMO:
     1 mukhyasenāpatiḥ;
     2 balādhyakṣaḥ: v. General.

GENERALITY:
     I The bulk: expr. by prāyeṇa, g. of mankind: prāyeṇa sarve manuṣyāḥ.
     II A general statement: sādhāraṇavākyam (?).

GENERALIZATION: sāmānyapratyakṣam (?); bahuṣu sādhāraṇadharmopalabdhiḥ.

GENERALIZE:
     I In gen.: sādhāraṇadharmaṃ pradarśayati (dṛś, c. 10.) (= to shew) or upalabhate (lam, c. 1.) (to perceive) (?), Newton g. d the motions of planets, *nūṭano grahagatīnāṃ sādhāraṇadharmaṃ pradarśayāmāsa, v.
     V d. ii. 2.
     II To derive, collect: saṃgṛhbāti (grah, c. 9.).

GENERALLY:
     I In general:
     1 sādhāraṇyena;
     2 sāmānyataḥ;
     3 sādhāraṇataḥ.
     II Mostly:
     1 prāyeṇa;
     2 prāyaśaḥ;
     3 prāyaḥ.

GENERALSHIP:
     I The office:
     1 saināpatyam;
     2 senāpatitvam; etc.: v. General.
     II A general's skill:
     1 raṇapāṇḍityam;
     2 yuddhanaipuṇyam; etc.

GENERATE: janayati (c. of jan): v. To beget, produce.

GENERATION:
     I The act:
     1 jananam pra-;
     2 utpādanam;
     3 prasavaḥ.
     II Formation:
     1 by verb;
     2 utpattiḥ.
     III Offspring: q.v.: prasavaḥ prasūtiḥ.
     IV Race: q.v.: vaṃśaḥ. V. A rank in genealogy: puruṣāḥ, seven g.s: sapta puruṣāḥ.
     VI People living at one period: expr. by circumlo.; he survived his g.: *sa samakālīnapuruṣemyo dīrdhaṃ jijīva; saw three g. s of men pass away: *trikālīnapurūṣāṇāmatyanyaṃ dadarśa.

GENERATIVE: jananaḥ (nī naṃ), g. power: prajananaśaktiḥ.

GENERATOR: janayitṛ (f. trī): v. Parent, begetter.

GENERIC: jātigataḥ (tā taṃ) (?), g. difference: jātigataprabhedaḥ.

GENERICALLY: jātitaḥ (?); jātyā (?).

GENEROSITY: audāryam: v. Kindness, liberality.

GENEROUS:
     1 udāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Liberal;
     2 dayāluḥ (mfn.): v. Kind;
     3 tyāgaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Munificent.

GENESIS:
     I Birth: q.v.: janman (n.).
     II Of the Bible: ādikāṇḍāḥ (after Ram.).

GENIAL:
     I Generative: q.v.
     II Cheering:
     1 sukhadaḥ (dā daṃ);
     2 ruciraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III In disposition: udāraḥ (rā raṃ).

GENIALITY:
     1 praphullatā;
     2 udāratā (= liberality).

GENIALLY:
     1 praphullam;
     2 prasannacittena;
     3 sollāsam.

GENITAL: v. Generative.

GENITALS: jananāṅgāni (n. pl.) (?); guptāṅgāni.

GENITIVE: ṣaṣṭhī, subjective, objective g.: kartari karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī.

GENIUS:
     I Mental power: śaktiḥ, g., skill: śktirnipuṇatā, Kav. i. 3.; these are surely displays of poetic g.: kavitvaśakteḥ khalu te vilāsāḥ, N. xiv. 14.
     II A man of genius: dhīśaktisampannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), and sim. comp.s., Shakespeare was a rare g.: *sākṣyapriyo'sādhāraṇo dhīśaktisampanna āsīt.
     III Peculiar constitution: perh.: prakṛtiḥ.
     IV A being
     1 devatā (= good g.; god);
     2 bhūtaḥ (= spirit).

GENTEEL: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Polite, elegant.

GENTEELLY:
     1 vinītam;
     2 vinayenaḥ v. Politely.

GENTIAN:
     1 bhūnimbaḥ;
     2 kirātatiktaḥ;
     3 ciratiktaḥ.

GENTILE:
     I Belonging to a gens: jātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II As opposed to Christian: vijātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).

GENTILITY:
     1 vinītatā;
     2 vinayaḥ: v. Politeness, refinement.

GENTLE:
     I Well-born, refined: bhadraḥ (drā draṃ), of g. nature: bhadraprakṛtiḥ (mfn.); g. behaviour: bhadravyavahāraḥ; g. address: bhadrasambhāṣaṇam.
     II Mild, soft: q.v.:
     1 mṛdu (f. dvī), with g. fire: mṛdunā vahrinā, Bha.; with g. foams: mṛdubhiḥ phenaiḥ, B. xii. 48.;
     2 śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= calm, quiet).
     III Of inclinations: alakṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= unperceived) (?).

GENTLEMAN:
     1 sādhuḥ -janaḥ;
     2 bhadraḥ, to act like a g.: bhadravad vyavaharati;
     3 āryaḥ, (stronger term) g.'s living: āryavṛttiḥ D. iv.

GENTLEMANLY: expr. by comp., g. behaviour: sādhuvṛttiḥ.

GENTLENESS:
     1 bhadratā (= gentlemanliness);
     2 mārdavam (= mildness);
     3 vinītatā (=gentility);
     4 śāntiḥ pra- (= calmness).

GENTLEWOMAN:
     1 bhadrā;
     2 sādhvī;
     3 āryā.

GENTLY:
     I Softly:
     1 sādayam (= kindly), enjoyed g.: sadayaṃ bubhūje, R.
     2 mṛdu (= mildly);
     3 śāntam (= calmly);
     4 mandaṃ mandam (=slowly).
     II Gradually:
     1 kramaśaḥ;
     2 alakṣitam (= unperceived).

GENTRY:
     1 bhadrāḥ or bhadrajanāḥ;
     2 sādhavaḥ;
     3 āryāḥ.

GENUINE:
     1 akṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ) (= not artificial), g. love: akṛtrimaprema, Ki.;
     2 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (= without deception);
     3 satyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ) (= real: q.v.).

GENUINELY:
     1 akṛtrimam;
     2 niṣkapaṭam;
     3
     3 satyam: v. Genuine.

GENUINENESS:
     1 akṛtrimatā;
     2 niṣkapaṭatā; satyatā.

GENUS: jātiḥ 'samānaprasavātmikā jātiḥ', N. d.

GEOGRAPHER: *bhūmaṇḍalavid (mfn.); bhūgolajña (f. jñā).

GEOGRAPHICAL: *bhūmaṇḍalaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GEOGRAPHY: bhūmaṇḍalavivaraṇam and sim, comp.s. Outlines of g.: bhūmaṇḍalasya saṃkṣiptavivaraṇam (after V. p.); g. of India: *bhāratabhūmivivaraṇam.

GEOLOGICAL: *bhūtattvaviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) and sim, comp.s.

GEOLOGICALLY: *bhūtattvavidyānusāreṇa; bhūtattvānusāreṇa.

GEOLOGIST: *bhūtattvavid (mfn.); bhūtattvavidyāviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ); and sim. comp.s.

GEOLOGY: *bhūtattvaṃ or bhūtattvavidyā.

GEOMETER: v. Geometrician.

GEOMETRICAL, GEOMETRIC: expr. by comp.

GEOMETRICALLY: rekhāgaṇitānusāreṇa; etc.

GEOMETRICIAN: *jyāmitijñaḥ rekhāgaṇitapaṇḍitaḥ; and sim comp.s.

GEOMETRY:
     1 jyāmitiḥ, plane, solid g. *sama-: sthūla-jyāmitiḥ;
     2 rekhāgaṇitam; plane g.: *samabhūrekhāgaṇitam. K. d. has kṣetratattvam, but it means mensuration.

GEORGIC: the G. s of Virgil: *vīrakīlasya kṛṣikāvyam.

GERM: aṅkuraḥ (or aṅkūraḥ) (lit. and fig.), generation of g.s in seeds: vīje'ṅkurajananam, D.s; the journey of (his) sister to deceive them is the g.: aṅkuraḥ svasuryātrā tau parivañcitum, Vi. vi. 1.

GERMAN:
     I Kindred: sanābhi (mfn.). Cousin g.: ekapitāmahaḥ (hā haṃ).
     II Belonging to G. y: *śārmaṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ).
     III G. language: *śārmaṇabhāṣā. Ph.: G. silver: *uparūpyam.

GERMANE:
     I Allied: q.v.
     II Relevant: q.v.: expr. by samparkaḥ.

GERMINATE: expr. by subs.

GERMINATION:
     1 aṅkurodgamaḥ;
     2 aṅkurodbhedaḥ; etc.

GERUND: *vāhakakriyā.

GESTATION: garbhadhāraṇam: v. Pregnancy.

GESTICULATE: aṅgabhaṅgiṃ karoti.

GESTICULATION: aṅgabhaṅgiḥ.

GESTICULATORY: expr. by comp. or ins.

GESTURE: ceṣṭā, M.; iṅgitam (= sign).

GET (v.t.):
     I To obtain:
     1 labhate (labh, c. 1.), man g. s what he is to g.: prāptavyamarthaṃ labhate manuṣyaḥ, P. ii. 4.; to g. sleep: nidrāṃ labhate, A.r.; dividing (we) g. 72.: bhaktā labdham 72, Li.; or he might g. three fortnights: labhotāsau tripakṣaṃ vā, Kat.;
     2 āpnoti ava- pra- sampra- samava-, (āp, c. 5.), got a son by Kusha: kākusthāt putramāpa, R.; to g. one's wishes: kāmānprāpnoti, Mat.;
     3 ā-sādayati samā-, (c. of sad), where did you g. this ring: kutra tvayaitadaṅgurīyakaṃ samāsāditam, Sa.;
     4 prapadyate ami- samabhi-, (pad, c. 4.), one who wishes to g. beatitude: muktiṃ prapitsuḥ, Ki.;
     5 adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.), to g. a saviour: trātāram adhigacchati, A.r.
     II To come into possession of:
     1 jāyate saṃ-, (jan, c. 4.) (with gen. of the person g. ting), I have got headache with this exercise: vyāyāmena mamā'nena jātā śirasi vedanā, Mah. iii. 29:. 3.;
     2 utpadyate sam-, (pad, c. 4.) (same cons.), Ra.
     III To induce: expr. by causal v., to g. food cooked: bhaktāni pācayati, Mah.; to g. work done: karma kārayati, M.

GET (v.i.):
     I To become: q.v.: to g. angry: kopaṃ gacchati; to g. disunited: viśleṣam eti, Ki.; to g. red: lohitāyate (nomi.), to g. cloudy: durdināyate; to g. clear: sudināyate, S.k.
     II To arrive: q.v.: prāpnoti (with acc.), got to the town: nagaraṃ prāpuḥ, K.s.

GET ABROAD:
     1 prasarati (sṛ, c. 1.), D. iii.;
     2 prasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), the rumour got abroad on all sides: pratidiśaṃ lokavādaḥ prāsarpat, D. viii.;
     3 bahulīmavati (bhū, c. 1.), Sa. vi.;
     4 prathate (prath, c. 1.) (= to be known), the fame of Dhanamitra got abroad: dhanamitrasya kīrtiraprathata, D. ii.

GET ACROSS: pāraṃ gacchati (to go) or nayati (to take).

GET AHEAD: agre bhavati or agrasahībhavati (with gen.): v. Also to advance.

GET ALONG: v. To proceed. G. a.!: antaramantaram, Mr.

GET AMONG: madhye bhavati, g. ing among them unperceived: tatraiva janānulīnaḥ, D. iv.

GET AT: prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.) (with acc.): v. To reach.

GET AWAY: apasarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To go away, escape.

GET BACK:
     I Intrans.: punaḥ prāpnoti, Ku.: v. To return.
     II Trans.:
     1 punarlaṃbhate, Ki.;
     2 by sim. get: q.v.: he got back youth: yauvanaṃ pratipede saḥ, Mat.

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GET THE BETTER OF:
     1 paribhavatiḥ v. To overcome;
     2 āvarjayati.: v. To bend.

GET BEYOND: atikrāmyati (kram, c. 4.): v. To go beyond.

GET CLEAR OF:
     1 nirmocayati (muca, c. 10.) v. To release;
     2 unmajjati (masj, c. 1.): v. To emerge.

GET DOWN:
     I Intrans:
     1 avatarati (tṝ, c. 1.);
     2 avarohati (ruh, c. 1.).
     II Trans.:
     1 avatārayati (c. of tṝ), V. i.;
     2 avarohayati (c. of ruh), R. i. 54.

GET HOLD OF: prāpnoti (= to get: q.v.): v. Also to seize.

GET IN (v.):
     I To enter: q.v.: praviśati (viś, c. 6.): v. Also to get into.
     II To collect: q.v.: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.).

GET INTO: Ph.: to g. into a carriage: pravahaṇam ārohati or adhirohati (ruh, c. 1.), Mr. or adhyāste (ās, c. 1.), R. vi. 10.; he himself helped Damayantī in g.ting into the car: rathe sa bhaimīṃ svayamadhyarūruhat, N. xvi. 114.; to g. into debt: ṛṇagrastaḥ (stā staṃ) bhavati.

GET OFF:
     I Trans.: v. To extricate.
     II Intrans: (a) to escape: q.v.: apasarati; (b) to be acquitted: perh. niḥsarati; muktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) bhavati.
     II To alight: q.v.

GET ON: expr. by vartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

GET OUT:
     I To go out: apaiti (i, c. 2.).
     II To leave: muñcati (muc. c. 6.), tyajati (tyaj, c. 1.), etc., g. o. of bed: śayyāṃ muñca, R.; g. ting out of temper: vihāya dhairyam, B. xii. 76.

GET READY: sajjīkaroti -kurute: v. To prepare.

GET RID OF:
     1 ātmānaṃ mocayati (muc, c. 10.) (with abl.) (to disengage oneself);
     2 dūrīkaroti (= to remove.)

GET THROUGH:
     I To complete: q.v.: samāpayati (c. of āp).
     II To traverse, arrive: q.v.

GET TOGETHER: samāharatiḥ v. To assemble, bring together.

GET UP:
     I From a seat: ut-tiṣṭhati amyut-, (sthā, c. 1.), got up from the seat: pīṭhādudatiṣṭhat, Si.
     II From bed: uttiṣṭhani, g. g. a thief is gone out: uttiṣṭha uttiṣṭha cauro niṣkrāntaḥ, Mr. iii.
     III To prepare (as an oration): sajjīkaroti (?).

GET UPON: ārohati (ruh, c. 1.): v. To mount.

GEWGAW: perh. akiñcanaḥ; akiñcitkaraḥ (rī raṃ).

GEYSER: sītotsaḥ (after sītākuṇḍaḥ).

GHASTLINESS:
     I Lit.: bhūtasarūpatā.
     II Paleness: vivarṇatā.
     III Dreadfulness:
     1 karālatā;
     2 vikaṭatā.

GHASTLY:
     I Lit.: bhūtasarūpaḥ (pā paṃ); śavasyeva (= as of a corpse), Mah.
     II Pale, dismal: vivarṇa (f. rṇā), these (ghosts) with long g. bodies: ete vivarṇadirghadehāḥ, Ma. v. 15.
     III Horrible, dreadful:
     1 karālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 vikaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ).

GHAUT, GHAT:
     1 tīrasopānapathaḥ, R. xvi. 56.;
     2 ghaṭṭaḥ (specially ferry-g.);
     3 sopānamārgaḥ and sim. comp.s. (where the sense is clear), Me. ii. 15.

GHOST:
     I The soul: q.v.: ātman (m.). Ph.: the Holy G.: puruṣottamaḥ: to give up the g.: dehaṃ tyajati. v. To die.
     II An apparition: bhūtaḥ, a g. lives in this tree: etasmin pādape ko'pi bhūtaḥ prativasati, Ra. ii.

GHOSTLY:
     I Spiritual: q.v.
     II Pertaining to ghosts: bhūta- in comp.

GHOUL: rākṣasa (f. ), Brahmin -g.: brahmarākṣasaḥ.

GIANT:
     I A great man: mahāpuruṣaḥ, "a g.'s strength": atimānuṣaṃ balam.
     II Atitan:
     1 daityaḥ;
     2 dānavaḥ. G.'s causeway: *dānavabandhaḥ.

GIANT (adj.): vṛhatkāyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Also gigantic.

GIANTESS: dānavī (may be applied also to g. females).

GIBBER: aspaṣṭaṃ jalpati (jalp, c. 1.): v. To chatter.

GIBBERISH:
     1 aspaṣṭajalpitam;
     2 kilakilāyitam (like monkey's)

GIBBET (subs.): udvandhanakāṣṭham (?); vadhyakāṣṭham (?).

GIBBET (v.):
     I Lit.: vadhyakāṣṭhaṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (?).
     II Fig., to brand: aṅkayati. To g. a name: durnāma prakāśayati (?).

GIBBOUS:
     I Crooked: q.v.: vakraḥ (krā kraṃ).
     II Hunched: q.v.

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GIBE (subs.): gāliḥ, J.: v. Abuse.

GIBE (v.): gāliṃ dadāti (, c. 3.). J.: v. To abuse.

GIBLETS: khagānāṃ hṛdyakṛdādi; khaṇḍamāṃsam (?).

GIDDILY: i.e. thoughtlessly:
     1 cāpalyena;
     2 cañcalatayā; etc.

GIDDINESS:
     I Lit.: śiroharṣaḥ (?), Bha.
     II Fig.: thoughtlessness:
     1 cāpalyam;
     2 cāñcalyam;
     3 calacittatā.

GIDDY:
     I Lit.: expr. by bhramati or bhrāmyati (bhram, c. 1. and 4), I feel g.: śiro me bhramati.
     II Fig.; fickle:
     1 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 capalaḥ (lā laṃ).

GIFT (subs.):
     I A present: q.v.:
     1 dānam, great g.: mahādānam, He.;
     2 dattam, g.s from brothers: bhrātṛdattam, N.s.;
     3 dāyaḥ (rare), g. of love: prītidāyaḥ, Ram.
     II An endowment: you have all the g.s of nature: *sarvāṇi te svāmāvikānyabhilaṣaṇīyāni santi; śaktiḥ (= faculty, power).

GIFTED:
     I Endowed: q.v.: anvitaḥ (tā taṃ); sampannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).
     II Endowed with natural g.s: śaktisampannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (?).

GIG: laghuyānaviśeṣaḥ.

GIGANTIC:
     1 atimānuṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ) (= superhuman);
     2 dānavaḥ (vī vaṃ) (?). Comp. daityamallaḥ of V.p. v. 20. 64.

GIGGLE (v.): prahasati (has, c. 1.) (?): v. To laugh.

GILD (v.): svarṇalaṃ or hemalaṃ (f. lāṃ) karoti (??); svarṇena rañjayati (rañj, c. 10.).

GILDED, GILT: svarṇalaḥ or hemalaḥ (lā laṃ) (??); svarṇarañjitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

GILDER: expr. by verb, svarṇarañjakaḥ (??).

GILDING:
     I The art: svarṇarañjanam (?); svarṇakarman (n.).
     II The gold surface: svarṇacchadaḥ (?).

GILL: i.e. quarter of a pint: pādaḥ: v. Pint.

GILLS: of a fish: nāsārandhre (n. dual) (?).

GIMLET:
     1 vedhanikā;
     2 āvedhaḥ;
     3 āsphoṭanī.

GIN (subs.):
     I A spirit: śīdhuḥ (?).
     II A snare: q.v.: jālam.
     III A machine: yantram, cotton -g.: *kārpāsayantram.

GIN (v.) śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To clean.

GINGER:
     1 ārdrakam;
     2 śṛṅgaveram, A. Dry g.: śuṇṭhiḥ. G.-bread: ārdrakarasavāsitapiṣṭakaviśeṣaḥ. G. -beer, pop, or wine: *ārdrakāsavaḥ.

GINGERLY: v. Cautiously.

GIPSY: *yākṣa (f. kṣī); hāpsiḥ (f. psī).

GIRAFFE: *dīrdhagrīvaḥ; citroṣṭraḥ.

GIRD (v.t.):
     1 veṣṭayati ādhi- (veṣṭ, c. 10.) (= to encircle: q.v.), g. ed by the mountain...... bhūmibhṛtādhiveṣṭitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xii. 22.;
     2 nahyati api-, (nah, c. 4.) (= to fasten), the matted hair g. ed upon with snakes: bhujaṅgamonnaddhajaṭākalāpaḥ (pā paṃ), Ku. iii. 46.

GIRDER: ādhāradāru (n.) (?).

GIRDLE:
     1 mekhalā;
     2 rasa(śa)nā;
     3 kāñcī;
     4 kakṣyā;
     5 sārasanam;
     6 parikaraḥ (any g.), with tied g.: vaddhaparikaraḥ, D.;
     7 śṛṅalī (= man's g.).

GIRL:
     1 bālā;
     2 bālikā;
     3 kanyā (= unmarried g. and gen. with ref. to the parents);
     4 kṛmārī (= a virgin);
     5 vāsū (only in addressing g.s.).

GIRLHOOD:
     1 bālyam (= childhood: q.v.);
     2 bālikāvasthā;
     3 bālabhāvaḥ, K.

GIRLISH:
     I Pertaining to a girl: expr. by comp.
     II Like a girl: expr. by circumlo, g. taste: bālānāmiva ruciḥ.

GIRLISHLY:
     1 bāleva;
     2 kṛmārīvaḥ v. Girl, like.

GIRTH:
     I Of a horse:
     1 varatrā;
     2 varddhram.
     II The middle: madhyam.

GIST:
     1 phalitārthaḥ;
     2 phalārthaḥ.

GITTERN: v. Guitar.

GIVE (v.t.):
     I To bestow:
     1 dadāti datte or yacchati pra- sampra- saṃ-, (, c. 3. and 1), the king g.s him his daughter and lieutenancy: tasmai rājā dadāti tanayāṃ ca yauvarājyaṃ ca, K.s. xxiv. 53.; to g. knowledge: vidyāṃ dātum, Ki. iii. 23.;
     2 vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.) (= to g. freely), I will g. you eyes: cakṣuste vitarāmyaham, Mah.;
     3 vi-sarjayati ati- (sṛj, c. 10.) (= to g. lavishly), for taking is to g.: ādānaṃ hi visargāya, R. iv. 86.;
     4 pratipādayati (c. of pad) (rare) (= to make over), g. ing of things with faith: arthānāṃ śraddhayā pratipādanam, H.s.;
     5 sparśayati (c. of spṛś) (rare) (= to cause to reach), g. ing millions of kine: gāḥ koṭiśaḥ sparśayata, R. iii. 49.
     II To deliver:
     1 dadāti there are six ways of g. ing and taking: ṣaḍvidho dānādānavidhiḥ, N.s.;
     2 arpayati sam-, gave (the child) to the queen to bring up: devyai vardhayeti samarpitavān, D.
     III To produce: jāyate saṃ-, (jan, c. 4.), striking off twenty, it g.s interest: ..... viṃśatyāpavartya jātaṃ kalāntaram, Li.
     IV To admit: q.v.: parigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.). V. To devote: q.v.: ātmānaṃ dadāti or samarpayati, Miscel., to g. ear: karṇaṃ dadāti, Sa. i.; to g. advice: upadeśaṃ dadāti, P.; to g. way (in the street, etc.): vartma dadāti, Ki. xiv. 14. or antaraṃ dadāti, Mr. x.; to g. order: ājñāṃ dadāti, V.p.; to give time: kālaṃ dadāti, Mat.; to g. thanks: dhanyavādaṃ karoti (?),

GIVE (v. i.): v. To yield, give way.

GIVE AWAY: pradadāti v. To give (I).

GIVE BACK:
     1 pratyarpayati;
     2 pratidadāti: v. To return (I).

GIVE CHASE: anudhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.): v. To pursue.

GIVE FORTH: v. To give way (I).

GIVE IN (v.t.): dadāti pra-: v. Also to declare.

GIVE IN TO: i.e. to adopt: parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).

GIVE OFF:
     1 tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.);
     2 jahāti vi-, (, c. 3.); etc.

GIVE OUT: 1. To announce: Ph.: g. ing out that the queen was burnt: devī dagveti vārtāmutpādya, Ra. iv.; should not g. out master's secret acts and counsel: guhyaṃ karma ca mantraṃ ca na martuḥ samprakāśayet, Ka. v. 31.: v. To disclose, reveal.
     II To emit: q.v.
     III To yield: q.v.

GIVE UP:
     I Lit.:
     1 dadāti;
     2 samarpayati: v. To give (II and V).
     II To despair: āśāṃ jahāti tyajati, etc. (with loc.).
     III To cease: q.v.

GIVE WAY:
     I To yield to force:
     1 avasīdati (sad, c. 1.) (?);
     2 bhajyate, (pass. of bhañj) (= to break).
     II Fig.: vaśaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), you should not g. way to sorrow: śuco vaśaṃ gantuṃ nārhasi, R. viii. 90.
     III To comply with: anumanyate (man, c. 4.) (with acc.).

GIVEN: in math.: expr. by yadi ..... syāt.

GIVER (subs.):
     1 dātṛ pra-, (f. trī,) a g. unasked: ayācitapradātā, Ga.;
     2 -daḥ or -pradaḥ (dā daṃ) or -dāyin (f. ) in comp., money-g.: dhanadaḥ; g. s of fire and water: agnyudakadāyinaḥ, Kat.;
     3 tyāgaśālin (f. ) (= a lavish g.), Si.

GIVING (subs.):
     1 dānam (best equiv.);
     2 pradānam saṃ-;
     3 pratipādanam;
     4 vitaraṇam;
     5 visarjanam
     6 viśrāṇanam (rare): v. To give.

GIVING (adj.):
     1 -daḥ or -pradaḥ (dā daṃ), life-g.: prāṇapradaḥ (dā daṃ); strength g: baladaḥ (dā daṃ), Bha.;
     2 -dāyin (f. ).

GIZZARD: of birds: jaṭharaḥ (?).

GLACIAL: expr. by comp.: v. Glacier, icy.

GLACIER: *saṃhatahimakṣetram; śilībhūtahibhūmiḥ.

GLACIS: *bahiḥpravaṇaḥ; bahiḥpravaṇā bhūmiḥ.

GLAD (adj.):
     1 hṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), pra- saṃ-, (best equiv.);
     2 ānanditaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 sānandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ);
     4 āhlāditaḥ (tā taṃ). To become g.: hṛṣyati (hṛṣ, c. 4.): v. Delighted, to be.

GLADDEN: harṣayati pra- saṃ-, (c. of hṛṣ): v. To delight, please.

GLADE: vanamārgaḥ or sim. mārgaḥ (when the sense is clear)

GLADIATOR: asiyodhaḥ (?); asimallaḥ (?).

GLADIATORIAL expr. by comp., g. fight: asiyodhayuddham (?).

GLADLY:
     1 saharṣam;
     2 sāhlādam;
     3 sānandam.

GLADNESS:
     1 harṣaḥ pra-;
     2 āhlādaḥ;
     3 ānandaḥ;
     4 hṛṣṭiḥ (rare).

GLADSOME:
     I Glad: q.v.
     II Clearing: expr. by comp., g. way: ānandadānam.

GLANCE (subs.):
     1 dṛṣṭipātaḥ;
     2 kaṭākṣaḥ (= sidelong g.), a g. containing nectar as well as poison: digdho'mṛtena ca viṣeṇa ca kaṭākṣaḥ, Ma. i. 30;
     3 apāṅganikṣepaḥ (= 2);
     4 sāci vilokitam and sim. comp.s (= 2).

GLANCE (v.):
     I To cast the eyes rapidly:
     1 dṛṣṭiṃ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.);
     2 kaṭākṣapātaṃ karoti.
     II To graze: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).
     III To allude: kaṭākṣeṇa vadati (vad, c. 1.), vakti (vac, c. 1.), etc. Tārānāth.
     IV To move quickly: sphurati (sphur, c. 6.). V. To dart aside: javāt niṣpatati (pat, c. 1.).

GLAND: śirā, (?).

GLANDERS: prob. kṣayathuḥ, Bha.

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GLANDULAR: expr. by comp. or by gen.

GLARE (subs.): perh. tejas, I cannot bear the g.: ātapatejaḥ soḍhuṃ na śaknomiḥ v. Also brightness.

GLARE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃdīpyate (dīp, c. 4.);
     2 vi-dyotate (dyut, c. 1.);
     3 rocate (ruc, c. 1.).
     II Fig.: expr. by adj., where the eye g.s on: yatra saṃdīptacakṣuḥ patati.

GLARING:
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃ-dīptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), pra-;
     2 dyotanaḥ (nī naṃ), vi-;
     3 rociṣṇu (mfn.).
     II Very clear: q.v.: suspaṣṭa (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

GLARINGLY:
     1 suspaṣṭam;
     2 parisphuṭam: v. Clearly.

GLASS (subs.):
     I The material:
     1 kācaḥ;
     2 sphaṭikaḥ (= crystal).
     II A mirror: q.v.: darpaṇaḥ.
     III A g. instrument: perh. kācayantramḥ v. Telescope, microscope, etc.
     IV A drinking. g.: caṣaka (mn.) (= cup); wine-g.: *kācanirmitaṃ bhadyapānapātram. V. Glassware: *kācapātrāṇi (n. pl.).

GLASS (adj.):
     1 by comp.; g.-bottle: kācakūpī;
     2 sphāṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= crystal ?), g.-door: sphāṭikaṃ dvāram, Mah. ii. 47. 11.

GLASS (v.):
     I To see: q.v.: nirīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     II To reflect: q.v.

GLASS-BLOWER: *kācandhamaḥ; kācadhamakaḥ

GLASS-CUTTING: *kācapariṣkāraḥ; kācatakṣaṇabh.

GLASSFUL (subs.): expr. by glass, two g. s: dve caṣake.

GLASS-WORK:
     I The work: kācakarman (n.) (?).
     II The place: *kācāgāram.

GLASSY:
     I Lit.: v. Glass (adj.).
     II Resembling g.: sphāṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

GLAZE (v.):
     I Lit.: *kācayati (nomi).
     II To render smooth: ślakṣṇīkaroti.
     III To furnish with glass: expr. by circumlo.

GLAZIER: *kācakāraḥ (= glass-maker): kācasaṃghātṛ (m.).

GLEAM (v.):
     1 sphurati vi- pari-, (sphur, c. 6.);
     2 lasati ut- vi-, (las, c. 1.);
     3 dīpyate (dīp, c. 4.): v. To shine.

GLEAM (subs.):
     I Lit.: sphuritam sphuraṇam.
     II Brightness, splendour: q.v.: prabhā.
     III Fig., of hope, joy, etc.: not expr., there is no g. of hope: āśāleśo'pi nāsti.

GLEAMING (adj.):
     1 sphurat (f. ntī), vi- pra- pari-, g. rays: sphuranmarīvi-, Ku.;
     2 lasat (f. ntī), ut- vi-, g. lightning: lasattaḍit, Ki. xvi. 37.

GLEAN (v.):
     1 saṃkalayati (kal, c. 10.);
     2 saṃ-gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).

GLEANER:
     1 saṃkalayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 saṃgrahītṛ (f. trī).

GLEANING:
     I Lit.: uccaḥ (rare), M. iv. 5.
     II In gen.:
     1 saṃkalanam;
     2 saṃgrahaḥ.

GLEBE: mṛttikā: v. Ground, soil.

GLEBY:
     1 loṣṭamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GLEDE: cillaḥ v. Kite.

GLEE: harṣaḥ: v. Joy.

GLEEFUL: prahṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Joyful.

GLEN: upatyakā: v. Valley.

GLIB:
     I Slippery: picchilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Voluble: capalaḥ (lā laṃ).

GLIBLY: drutam or kṣipram (= quickly).

GLIBNESS:
     I Slipperiness: picchilatā.
     II Volubility: capalatā.

GLIDE:
     I Of time: yāti (, c. 2.): v. To go.
     II Of rivers: sravati (sru, c. 1.): v. To flow.
     III To move on: pracalati (cal, c. 1.).

GLIDE, GLIDING (subs.):
     1 gatiḥ (= motion);
     2 prasarpaṇam (as of serpent);
     3 srutiḥ (= flow).

GLIMMER (v.): mandaṃ mandaṃ jvalati (jval, c. 1.).

GLIMMER (subs.):
     1 mandatejas (n.);
     2 mandaprabhā;
     3 better by verb.

GLIMMERING (adj.): mandaṃ mandaṃ jvalat (f. ntī); mandaprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) (with faint light), B.

GLIMPSE:
     1 kṣaṇadṛṣṭiḥ (?);
     2 muhūrtadarśanam.

GLISTEN, GLISTER: dyotate (dyut, c. 1.): v. To gleam, shine. G. ing: v. Bright, brilliant.

GLITTER (v.):
     1 dyotate vi-, (dyut, c. 1.);
     2 rājate vi-, (rāj, c. 1.);
     3 bhāsate ut-, (bhās, c. 1.);
     4 bhāti vi- (bhā, c. 2.). Ph.: "all that g. s is not gold": śaile śaile na māṇikyam (?). J.

GLITTER (subs.):
     1 aujjvalayam, Ma;
     2 dyutiḥ;
     3 prabhā;
     4 tejas (n.)

GLITTERING: jvalat (ntī), pra-, g. energy: jvalatpratāpaḥ, N.: v. Bright, brilliant.

GLOAT (v.): tṛpyati saṃ- pari-, (tṛp, c. 4.) (= to be satiate).

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GLOBE:
     I A sphere: rolaḥ, terrestrial g.: pṛṭhivīgolaḥ, Su. xiii. 3.
     II The earth: q.v.: bhūgolaḥ, the Meru is in the center of the g.: bhūgolamavyago meruḥ, Su.

GLOBULAR:
     1 golākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 golakākṛti (mfn.), Su.; etc.

GLOBULE: gulī -kāḥ v. Ball.

GLOOM:
     I Lit.: timiram: v. Darkness.
     II Fig., cloudiness of mind: niṣprabhatā; better by adj., niṣprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).
     III Sadness, calamity: q.v.

GLOOMILY:
     I Dimly: niṣprabham.
     II Sadly: saviṣādam.

GLOOMINESS: niṣprabhatā: v. Gloom.

GLOOMY:
     1 tāmasaḥ (sī saṃ): v. Dark;
     2 niṣprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ): v. Dim;
     3 viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā): v. Dejected.

GLORIFICATION:
     1 kīrtanam saṃ- pari-;
     2 ārādhanam;
     3 satkāraḥ. For dif.: v. Glorify.

GLORIFY:
     1 kīrtayati saṃ- pari- (kīrt, c. 10.), g. ed in heaven: lokāntaragītakīrti (mfn.), R. vi. 45.: v. To celebrate;
     2 ārādhayati (rādh, c. 10.): v. To adore;
     3 satkaroti: v. To honour.

GLORIOUS:
     I Illustrious, famous: q.v.:
     1 mahāyaśas (mfn.);
     2 udagrakīrti (mfn.).
     II Conferring glory:
     1 yaśasya (f. syā);
     2 yaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ).
     III Excellent, great: q.v.: mahat (f. ).
     IV Splendid: q.v.: mahojjavalaḥ (lā laṃ), he was a g. collection of greatness: rāśirāsīnmahasāṃ mahojjvalaḥ, N.

GLORIOUSLY:
     1 mahojjvalam (= splendidly);
     2 viśiṣṭam (= excellently).

GLORY (subs.):
     I Renown: q.v.:
     1 kīrtiḥ;
     2 yaśas (n.). Ph.: the g. of your fame: saubhāgyamātmayaśasaḥ, Sa. vii.
     II Honour: q.v.: gauravam.
     III Splendour: q.v.:
     1 tejas (n.);
     2 pratāpaḥ.
     IV Pride: q.v.: abhimānaḥ.
     V Praise: expr. by kīrtayati.
     VI An ornament:
     1 alaṅkāraḥ;
     2 ratnam (= gem.);
     3 tilakaḥ (rare), the g. of the race of Raghu: radhukulatilakaḥ, Vi.

GLORY (v.):
     I To rejoice: q.v.: modate pra-, (mud, c. 1.).
     II To boast: q.v.: dṛpyati (dṛp, c. 4.).

GLOSS (subs.):
     I Comment, interpretation:
     1 ṭīkā;
     2 ṭīpyanī;
     3 vyākhayā, in the g. of the Mīmānsā styled "light of the glorious commentary": mīmāṃsakavyākhyāyāṃ bhāṣyarantaprabhāyām.
     II A specious appearance: bāhyaśobhā.

GLOSS (v.): ṭīkāṃ karoti (with gen.): v. To explain.

GLOSSARY: nighaṇṭuḥ, medical g.: vaidyakanighaṇṭuḥ.

GLOSSINESS:
     1 snigdhatā;
     2 cikkaṇatā;
     3 bāhyaśobhā (in bad sense).

GLOSSY:
     I Polished:
     1 snigdha (f. gdhā), g. black hair: snigdhanīlo mūrdhajakalāpaḥ, D.;
     2 cikkaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).
     II In bad sense: bāhyaprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) (?).

GLOVE (subs.): *hastukā; karachadaḥ. To throw the g. (fig): niyuddhāya āhvayate (hve, c. 1.)

GLOVE (v.t.):
     1 *hastukayā or karacchadena āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.);
     2 hastukāṃ paridadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

GLOVER: *hastukākāraḥ; karacchadanirmātṛ (m.).

GLOW (subs.):
     I Heat: q.v.: uttāpaḥ.
     II Redness: raktatā.

GLOW (v.):
     1 dīpyate (dīp, c. 4.) (= to be lighted, inflamed), g. ed with rage: kruddho'dīpi, B. vi. 32.;
     2 jvalati (jval, c. 1.) (= to burn: q.v.).

GLOWING (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pradīptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ);
     2 jvalitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II With passion, etc.: pradīpta (f. ptā).
     III Red.: raktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     IV Brilliant: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ), in g. colours: ujjvalavarṇaiḥ.

GLOWINGLY: i.e. in glowing terms: perh. dīptākṣaraiḥ.

GLOW-WORM:
     1 khadyotaḥ;
     2 jyotiriṅgaḥ -ṇaḥ;
     3 prabhākīṭaḥ.

GLOZE:
     I Verb: v. To flatter, fawn.
     II Subs.: v. Flattery, adulation.

GLUE (subs.):
     1 kṣāram -kam Mah. s. 147. I.;
     2 lākṣā (?) (comp. vernacular lācchā);
     3 saṃśleṣārthaṃ cikkaṇadravyam, Nil.

GLUE (v.): kṣāreṇa or lākṣayā saṃśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ) (?).

GLUE-BOILER:
     1 kṣārakāraḥ. (?);
     2 lākṣākāraḥ (?).

GLUEY: v. Glutinous.

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GLUT (v.t.):
     I To swallow: q.v.: grasate (gras, c. 1.).
     II To satiate: q.v.: saṃ-tarpayati (c. of tṛp).

GLUT (subs.):
     I That which is swallowed, grāsaḥ.
     II Abundance: q.v.: prācuryam.
     III Satiety: q.v.: sauhityam, Vi.

GLUTINOUS:
     1 cikkaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (?);
     2 saṃlagnaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

GLUTINOUSNESS:
     1 cikkaṇatā (?);
     2 saṃlagnaśīlatā (?).

GLUTTON:
     1 audarikaḥ;
     2 udarambhariḥ;
     3 ādyūnaḥ, Ki.

GLUTTONOUS:
     1 audarikaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 dhasmaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 atyāhārapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 gṛdhraḥ (ghrā dhraṃ) (= covetous).

GLUTTONY:
     1 audarikatā;
     2 ghasmaratā;
     3 atyāhārapriyatā.

GNARLED: granthilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Knotty.

GNASH: to g. the teeth: dantairdantān niṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) or daśati vi- saṃ-, (daṃś, c. 1.), Mah. ii. 43. 12.; kṣveḍati (kṣveḍ, c. 1.), M. iv. 64.

GNASHING: kṣveḍanam. K.b.; better by verb.

GNAT:
     1 maśakaḥ (= mosquito);
     2 daṃśaḥ (a fly).

GNAW: daśati (daṃś, c. 1.): v. To bite.

GNAWING (subs.): daṃśaḥ: v. Bite, sting.

GNOME:
     I A fairy: bhūtadhātrī (?).
     II A goblin: bhūtaḥ.

GNOMIC,-AL: i.e. sententious: laghu (mfn.).

GNOMON:
     I Of a dial:
     1 aṅkuḥ;
     2 kīlaḥ;
     3 mayūkhaḥ.
     II In geo.: *svarūpacchedaḥ; kīlaḥ.

GNOMONICS: ghaṭīvidyā.

GNOSTIC: *paṇḍitābhimānin (f. ); nostikaḥ.

GNOSTICISM: *nostikamatam; nostikadarśanam.

GNU: kṛṣṇasārajātīyo'śvakāro dviśṛṅgo jantuviśeṣaḥ; prob. nyaṅkuḥ.

GO:
     I In gen.:
     1 gacchati (gam, c. 1.), when Keyūraka had gone: gate ca keyūrake, K.; true and going to (i.e. reaching) the heart: yathārthā hṛdayaṅgamā, Ku.; the danger is gone: gataṃ bhayam,
     V i. 5.; is gone, will not return: gata eva na nivartate, Ku. iv. 30.; a road going to the Golden City: suvarṇapuragābhī panthāḥ, K.; that they should go the way of their husbands: yadbharturgatirgantavyeti, P. iv.; in her absence, (it) goes to the daughter: tadabhāve duhitṛgāmi,
     V s.;
     2 yāti (, c. 2.), and you go to another (man): aparañca yāsi, Mr. iv.; the man will go one month: māsamekaṃ naro yāti, H.; moonlight goes (away) with the moon: śaśinā saha yāti kaumudī, Ku.;
     3 eti (i, c. 2.), come, come, let us go: ehye hi vāmaḥ; U.;
     4 vrajati (vraj, c. 1.), go and conquer the enemies: bhraja jaya ripulokam, Ki.
     II To sell: expr. by labhate (lam, c. 1.) or prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), eight go for hundred: aṣṭau labhante śatam, Li.
     III To fare, turn out: q.v. Ph.: go in: abhyantaraṃ praviśa, Mr. i.; he has gone too far: atibhūmimayaṃ gataḥ, K.; he is going (lit. wishes) to say something: kimapyayaṃ vivakṣuḥ, Ku.; or vaktukāmaḥ, Sa.; (I am) going to ask something: kiñcit praṣṭumanāḥ, Ku.; as the story goes: kila (enclitic); to go for nothing: viphalībhavati.

GO ABOUT:
     I To round: q.v.
     II To endeavour: q.v.: perh. gacchati yāti yatate (yat, c. 1.).

GO AFTER: anugacchati (with acc.): v. To follow.

GO ASTRAY:
     1 apanthānaṃ gacchati, etc., Ana.;
     2 unmārgeṇa gacchati yāti, etc.

GO AWAY:
     I Lit.:
     1 apaiti (i);
     2 apasarati;
     3 apa-krāmati;
     4 apa-gacchati;
     5 apayāti;
     6 apa-sarpati.
     II To vanish
     1 gacchati;
     2 yāti.

GO BACK:
     1 prati-gacchati, you should go back from here after communicating your message to us: atra naḥ sandiśya pratigantumarhasi, Sa. iv.;
     2 pratiyāti, D. ii.: v. To return.

GO BEFORE: puro gacchati yāti, or sarati (with gen.).

GO BY:
     I Lit.: v. To pass by.
     II Fig., to follow: anugacchati.

GO DOWN: adho gacchati: v. To descend; to sink.

GO FORTH: nikrāmati: v. To go out (I.).

GO NEAR: upagacchati or upayāti (with acc.): v. To approach.

GO OFF:
     I To go away: q.v.
     II To turn out: q.v.
     III To discharge, as a gun: perh. mucyate nir- (pass. of muc).

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GO ON:
     I In gen.: yāti pra-, go on: yāhīti, R. vi. 30.; go on, cattle: yātaṃ gāvau yātam, Mr. vi.
     II To take place: vartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

GO OUT:
     I In gen.:
     1 niṣkrāmati;
     2 nirgacchati;
     3 niryāti;
     4 niḥsarati;
     5 nireti.
     II Of light:
     1 nirvāti (, c. 2.), Sa. v.;
     2 śāmyati upa-, (śam, c. 4.), Mu. Ph.: my life is g. ing out: pracalanti hi me prāṇāḥ, Vi. v.

GO OUT TO MEET or RECEIVE:
     1 pratyudgacchati (gam), Ku. vii. 52.;
     2 pratyudeti (i), Ku. v. 31.;
     3 pratyudyāti (), Vi. vii.;
     4 pratyudvrajati (vraj).

GO OVER:
     I To read: q.v.: vācayati (c. of vac).
     II To examine: q.v. parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     III To change sides: expr. by śrayati ā- saṃ-, (śri, c. 1.), people being alarmed go o. enemies: bhūtāni udvijamānāni dviṣatāṃ yānti saṃśrayam;, Ka. xiv. 13.
     IV To revolt: q.v.

GO ROUND:
     1 parigacchati;
     2 paryeti (i);
     3 caṅk bhyate (freq. of kram) N. i. 144.;
     4 pradakṣiṇaṃ karoti or pradakṣiṇīkaroti (= to g. r. a sacred fire etc. as a sort of reverential salutation), Sa. iv.

GO THROUGH:
     I To accomplish, finish: q.v.: samāpayati (c. of āp).
     II To suffer, undergo: q.v.: anumavati (bhū, c. 1.).

GO TO: go to war: raṇaṃ gacchati, B. p.; v. To go (I.).

GO TO AND FRO: pari-krāmati or krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.).

GO TOWARDS: abhimukhaṃ (with gen.) or -prati (with acc.) gacchati vrajati, etc.

GO UNDER:
     I Lit.: adho gacchati yāti, etc.
     II To be known: q.v.: expr. by prathitaḥ (tā taṃ).

GO UP TO:
     1 abhigacchati;
     2 abhiyāti;
     3 abhyeti.

GOAD (subs.):
     1 pratohaḥ;
     2 aṅkuśaḥ (for elephants);
     3 prājanam;
     4 śṛṇiḥ (= 2);
     5 (rarely) totraṃ or todanam.

GOAD (v.):
     I Lit.: tudati or todayati pra-, (tud, c. 6. or c. of tud), g. ing speech: vākapratodaḥ, Ram.
     II Fig.: perh.
     1 pratodayati;
     2 praṇo(co)dayati (c. of nud or cud): v. To drive.

GOAL:
     I Lit.: agrabhūmiḥ.
     II Fig.: antaḥ: v. End.

GOAT:
     1 ajaḥ;
     2 chāgaḥ;
     3 chāgalaḥ. She-g.:
     1 ajā;
     2 chāgī. A flock of g.s: ājakam. G. herd:
     1 ajājīvaḥ;
     2 jābālaḥ;
     3 chāgapālaḥ. G.'s flesh: chāgamāṃsam. G.'s milk: chāgīdugdham or chāgaṃ dugdham, Bha.

GOATISH: expr. by tat. comp.: v. Also lustful, rank.

GOATISHLY:
     1 chāgavat;
     2 ajavat: v. Also lustfully.

GOAT-SUCKER: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *mithyolūkaḥ; chāgacūṣaḥ.

GO-BETWEEN:
     1 madhyasthaḥ;
     2 madhyavartin (m.). Female g.: v. Procuress.

GOBBET: grāsaḥ: v. Mouthful.

GOBBLE: ut-grasate (gras, c. 1.): v. To swallow.

GOBLET:
     1 caṣaka (mn.): v. Cup;
     2 kāṃsyam (of Kānsa).

GOBLIN:
     1 bhūtaḥ, possessed by g.s: bhūtāviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 pretaḥ;
     3 piśācaḥ.

GOD:
     I A g.:
     1 devaḥ (you are) the G. of g. s: devānāmapi devatā, Ku.: the earthly g.s (Brahmins): bhūmidevāḥ, Ma.;
     2 devatā (= deity), town g.: nagaradevatā, D. ii.;
     3 suraḥ (as opposed to asuraḥ Titan), having faith in g. s: sureṣu śraddadhat (f. ), N.;
     4 amaraḥ (= immortal);
     5 vibudhaḥ (=wise);
     6 divaukas (m.) (= residing in heaven);
     7 lokapAlaH (of the quarters), human g.s (kings): naralokapālāḥ, R.
     II The G.: īśvaraḥ parama-.

GODCHILD: dharmaputraḥ (f. trī): dharmasutaḥ (f. ).

GODDESS:
     1 devī;
     2 bhagavatī (gen. restricted to durgā).

GODFATHER: dharmapitṛ (m.)

GODHEAD:
     I Divinity: q.v.: devatvam -tā.
     II A god: devatā.

GODLESS: nirīśvaraḥ (rā raṃ), P. p.: v. Impious.

GODLIKE: divya (f. vyā): v. Divine.

GODLINESS:
     1 dhārmikatā;
     2 dharmiṣṭhatāḥ: v. Piety.

GODLY:
     1 dhārmikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 dharmiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā): v. Pious.

GODMOTHER; dharmamātṛ (m.); dharmajananī.

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GODSEND:
     1 expr. by devadattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 saubhāgyam (= good fortune).

GODSON: dharmaputraḥ and sim. comp.s, g. of Vishvāmitra: viśvāmitradharmaputraḥ, B. r.

GOER:
     1 gantṛ (f. ntrī);
     2 gāmin or yāyin (f. ) or saraḥ (rī raṃ) or gaḥ (gā gaṃ) in comp., front g.: purogaḥ.

GOGGLE-EYED: lolanetraḥ (trā traṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GOING (subs.):
     1 gamanam, g. back: pratigamanam; g. out: nirgamaḥ-nam; g. round: pari-gamanam; g. up to: abhigamanam;
     2 yānam, g. forth: niryāṇam; g. away: apayānam; g. and coming: yātāyātam: v. The several verbs.

GOITRE:
     1 galagaṇḍaḥ;
     2 gaṇḍiḥ;
     3 gaḍuḥ (rare).

GOITRED, GOITROUS: galagaṇḍin (f. ).

GOLD (subs.):
     1 svarṇam;
     2 suvarṇam;
     3 kanakam;
     4 kāñcanam;
     5 heman;
     6 hiraṇyam; (rarely);
     7 cāmīkaram;
     8 jāmbūndam;
     9 rukmam;
     10 mahārajatam.

GOLD, OF GOLD (adj.): v. Golden.

GOLD-BEATER: svarṇapatrakāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

GOLD-DUST:
     1 kāñcanareṇuḥ;
     2 kanakaparāgaḥ;
     3 cāmīkaracūrṇam, K. and sim. comp.s.

GOLDEN:
     1 by tat. comp., g. ornament: kanakabhūṣaṇam;
     2 kāñcanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     3 sauvarṇa (f. rṇī);
     4 hiraṇmayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     5 svarṇamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     6 haimaḥ (mī maṃ);
     7 kanakabhayaḥ (yī yaṃ). Ph.: the g. age: satyayugam.

GOLDFINCH: suvarṇasavarṇapakṣaḥ pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *svarṇapatatraḥ.

GOLDFISH: *svarṇavarṇaḥ cīnadeśīyamatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

GOLDLEAF:
     1 svarṇapatram;
     2 suvarṇapatram;
     3 kanakapatram; etc.

GOLD-REFINER: svarṇaśodhakaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. To refine.

GOLDSMITH:
     1 svarṇakāraḥ;
     2 suvarṇakāraḥ (rare);
     3 hemakāraḥ (rare).

GOLD-THREAD or WIRE:
     1 kanakasūtram;
     2 suvarṇasūtram;
     3 suvarṇatantuḥ.

GONDOLA: iṭālideśīyakelinauviśeṣaḥ; gaṇḍaḥ -nauḥ.

GONDOLIER: gaṇḍavāhakaḥ: v. Boatman.

GONG:
     1 kāṃsyam;
     2 ghanam.

GONORRHOEA: mūtrāghātaḥ (gen. term), Bha.: mūtraśūkram (?), Sr.

GOOD:
     I In ordinary sense:
     1 uttamaḥ (mā maṃ), the g. things of Camphor island: karpūradvipasyottamāni vastūni, H. iv.; his best painter: nijaścitrakarottamaḥ, K.s. 57. 123.; the best of men (God): puruṣottamaḥ,
     2 utkṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= excellent), g., bad, and middling: utkṛṣṭāpakṛṣṭamavyamaḥ, K. b.;
     3 viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= very g.), very g. cloth: viśiṣṭavastram, P. iii. 9.;
     4 su or sat prefixed: a g. poet: sukaviḥ, Bha.; a. g. physician: sucikitsakaḥ; a g. judge: sadvicārakaḥ; g. man: sajjanaḥ or sim. sat, U.; of g. appearance: surūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     5 guṇavat (f. ) (having g. qualities), g. soil: guṇavatī bhūmiḥ, Ka.; g. wife: guṇavatī bhāryā;
     6 darśanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or dṛśya (f. śyā) (g. to see), other g. games: krīḍāntarāṇi darśanauyāni, D.
     II Suited, adopted: hitaḥ (tā taṃ), g. for cattle: gohitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ka. iv. 51.; sour gruel is not g. in fever: yavāgūrna hitā jvare, Bha.
     III Proper: right: q.v.: śstaḥ (stā staṃ), N. iii. 9.
     IV Considerable: su-, for a g: while: suciram, K.; g. many days: subahūndivasān, C. viii.; a g. number of: subahu (mfn.).
     V Auspicious: q.v.: śubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ). Ph.: g. fellow: bhadraḥ or bhadramukhaḥ; g.-fornothing: akarmaṇya (f. ṇyā) or sometimes by a- in comp., a field g.-for-nothing: akṣetram, M.; a. g. deal: (adv.): viśeṣeṇa; be so g. as, be g. enough: anugrahapurvakam; this is a g. day to me: ayaṃ me sudivasaḥ, U. ii. 1. [N.B. Note sudivasaḥ suprabhātam etc. are not used in the English sense for which use kuśalaṃ te kuśalaṃ bhavataḥ, etc. or svāgatam to a visitor]; as g. as (i.e. in effect): vastutaḥ.

GOOD (subs.):
     I Advantage:
     1 upakāraḥ (= benefit), I. will do g. to this man: upakāraṃ karomyasya, Ka. ix. 11.;
     2 hitam (= welfare), for the g. of the people: prakṛtihitāya; Sa. vii. For the g. of may be expr. by artham or arthe in comp.: v. For the sake of.
     II As opposed to evil:
     1 śubham, this is g., this is not g.: śubhamidamaśubhamidam, K.;
     2 kalyāṇam;
     3 kuśalam;
     4 maṅgalam;
     5 śreyas (= well-being);
     6 kṣemam (=5), ing.-conferring work: kṣemaṅkare'rthe, B. xii. 6.
     III In pl., =property: q.v.: sampattiḥ. Ph.: for g. expr. by circumlo. slept for g.: aprabodhāya suṣvāpa, R.

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GOOD (as interj.):
     1 vāḍham (as an assent): v. Yes;
     2 sādhu (= very g.; admirable).

GOOD, TO DO:
     1 upakaroti or -kurute (kṛ, c. 8.) (with gen.), Ki. vii. 28.;
     2 priyaṃ karoti (with gen.), V. v.

GOOD, TO MAKE: v. To make good.

GOOD-BREEDING:
     1 bhadratā;
     2 sādhutā (= gentlemanliness), D. ii.

GOOD-FELLOWSHIP:
     I Lit.: satsaṅgaḥ.
     II Pleasant company: q.v.

GOOD-FRIDAY: suśukravāraḥ or -vāsaraḥ.

GOOD HUMOUR:
     1 praphullacittatā;
     2 prasannamanaskatā.

GOOD-HUMOURED:
     1 praphullacittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 praphullamanaskaḥ (skā skaṃ).

GOOD-HUMOUREDLY:
     1 praphullacittena;
     2 prasannamanasā.

GOOD-LOOKING:
     1 priyadarśanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 sudṛśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ);
     3 sudarśanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     4 darśanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or dṛśya (f. śyā), very g.: viśeṣadṛśyaḥ (śyā śyaṃ), R., vi. 31.

GOODLY: v. Handsome, pleasant.

GOODMAN:
     I In gen.: bhadraḥ.
     II Husband: āryaputraḥ.

GOOD-NATURE:
     1 saujanyam or sujanatā tvam, this your g.: saujanyametaddhi voḥ, Vi. v. 62.;
     2 sadbhāvaḥ (rare), but then by that additional (act) which shewed (her) g.: tadānīntu tenāpareṇa darśitasadbhāvena, K.;
     3 bhadratā (= good-breeding).

GOOD-NATURED:
     1 saujanyavat (f. );
     2 sadbhāvaśālin (f. ): v. Also gentlemanly.

GOOD-NATUREDLY:
     1 saujanyena;
     2 sadbhāvataḥ: v. Also kindly.

GOODNESS:
     I Excellence:
     1 uttamatā. (rare);
     2 utkṛṣṭatā;
     3 viśiṣṭatā;
     4 guṇavattā: v. Good-nature: q.v.

GOOD-TEMPERED:
     1 acaṇḍaprakṛti (mfn).;
     2 mṛduprakṛti (mfn.) (= mild).

GOOD-WILL:
     I Benevolence:
     1 dayā (= kindness);
     2 anugrahaḥ (= favour).
     II Of any business: pratiṣṭhā (??).

GOODS: v. Good (subs.): (III). G.-wagon: bhāṇḍayānam.

GOOSE:
     I Lit.:
     1 haṃsaḥ (f. );
     2 rājahaṃsaḥ (f. );
     3 cakrāṅgaḥ (f. ṅgī) (rare). G.-quill: haṃsapatram (??). The ruddy g.: cakravākaḥ The striped g.: dhārtarāṣṭraḥ.
     II Fig.: v. Fool.

GOOSEBERRY: phalaviśeṣaḥ; *tepāri. G.-fool: *taipārīyakṣīram.

GO-OUT: nirgamaḥ; jalanirgamaḥ.

GORDIAN: Ph.: g. knot; amocyabandhaḥ; to cut it: amocyabandhaṃ chinatti.

GORE (subs.):
     I Blood: q.v.: raktapiṇḍaḥ; raktagulmaḥ.
     II A piece of cloth: yojitapaṭakhaṇḍaḥ.

GORE (v.t.): vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To stab, pierce.

GORGE (subs.):
     I The throat: q.v.: kaṇṭhaḥ.
     II A defile, pass: the Krauncha g.: krauñcaranghram.

GORGE (v.):
     I To swallow: udragrasate (gras, c. 1.).
     II To satiate, fill: q.v.: (kukṣiṃ) pūrayati pari-, (pūr, c. 10).

GORGEOUS:
     1 vicitraḥ (trā traṃ), with a g. canopy: vitānena vicitreṇa, Mah. i. 183. 17.;
     2 ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ), wearing a g. dress: ujjvalaveśadhārin (f. ṇī), Mr. ix;
     3 śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= beautiful).

GORGEOUSLY: expr. by adj., g. dressed.: ujjvalaveśabhṛt (mfn.).

GORGEOUSNESS:
     1 vicitratā;
     2 aujjvalyam;
     3 śobhā.

GORGET: galatrāṇam kaṇṭhakañcukaḥ, and sim. comp.s. (?).

GORGON:
     I Subs.: gārgī (?).
     II Adj.: rākṣasaḥ (sī saṃ).

GORMANDIZE: kukṣiṃ paripūrya khādati (khād, c. 1.); atyāhāraṃ karoti.

GORMANDIZER, GORMAND: v. Gourmand.

GORSE: pītapuṣpaḥ kaṇṭakigulmaviśeṣaḥ.

GORY:
     I Blood-stained: q.v.: raktākta (f. ktā).
     II Murderous: raktapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

GOSHAWK: śyenabhedaḥ.

GOSLING:
     1 haṃsaśāvaḥ -kaḥ
     2 haṃsaśiśuḥ, as your g. s will be dead: yataste śiśavaḥ parāsavaḥ, N.

GOSPEL: *suvṛttam. To preach the g.: *kṛṣṭadharmaṃ pravakti.

GOSSAMER: vṛddhāsūtram (after Assamese).

GOSSIP (subs.):
     I A talkative person:
     1 jalpākaḥ;
     2 vāvadūkaḥ;
     3 pralāpin (m.).
     II Idle talk:
     1 jalpitam;
     2 pralāpaḥ: v. Also rumour.

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GOSSIP (v.):
     1 jalpati (jalp, c. 1.) (?);
     2 pralapati (lap, c. 1.) (?): v. Also to converse.

GOSSIPING (adj.): jalpākaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Babbling.

GOTH: *gothaḥ G. ic.: *gothīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

GOUGE (v.): utpātayati (c. of pat); uddharati (hṛ, c. 1.), D.

GOURD: no gen. term:
     1 raktakuṣmāṇḍaḥ (= pumkin g.);
     2 lābuḥ a- (= bottle g.);
     3 śvetakuṣmāṇḍaḥ (= chāl kumrā); etc.

GOURMAND:
     1 audarikaḥ;
     2 udarambhariḥ;
     3 ādyūnaḥ.

GOUT: sanghigato vātaḥ, Bha., g. in the stomach: pakvāśayagato vātaḥ, Bha.

GOUTY: vātarogin (f. ṇī) (gen. term); sandhivātakin (f. ) (?)

GOVERN:
     I As a country:
     1 śāsti pra- anu- (śās, c. 2.), g. the world: śādhi pṛthvīm, B. iii. 53.;
     2 pālayati pari. (pāl, c. 10.) (= to protect; not to regulate), let kings g. the earth always standing by virtue: rājānaḥ paripālayantu vasudhāṃ dharme sthitāḥ sarvadā, Ma. x.;
     3 by subs. pramuḥ īśvaraḥ, etc.: v. Lord, master.
     II To control: q.v.: niyacchati (yam, c. 1.).
     III In gram.: expr. by saṃbadhyate (pass. of bandh) or anvīyate (pass of i) (= to agree: with ins.), Da.; or by karman (n.) (= accusative).

GOVERNANCE: śāsanam: v. Government (I).

GOVERNESS:
     I Lit.: śāsitrī.
     II An instructress; q.v.: perh. śāsitrī -anu.

GOVERNMENT: The act:
     1 śāsanam pra- anu-, good g.: suśāsanam;
     2 paripālanam (= protection), g. of people: prajānāṃ paripālanam, M.
     II Supreme power:
     1 rājyam; v. Kingdom;
     2 prabhutvam; v. Supremacy.
     III Form of g.: tantram (?).
     IV The ruling power:
     1 rājan (= monarch: q.v.):
     2 prabhavaḥ (m. pl.) (= masters.) V. A state: rāṣṭram, hearing that the g. was thoroughly occupied by the sons of Samhāravarman: saṃhāravarmaṇaḥ sutairvyāptaṃ rāṣṭramākarṇya, D. iii.

GOVERNOR:
     I Ruler:
     1 śāsakaḥ;
     2 śāsitṛ (m.);
     3 prabhuḥ: v. Master, lord.
     II Of a province: aghipatiḥ;
     2 bhogapatiḥ, was made g. of. the town called Virapur vīrapuranāmni nagare bhogapatiḥ kṛtaḥ, H.;
     3 deśādyakṣaḥ,
     V s.
     III An instructor: q.v.: śāsakaḥ or śāsitṛ (m.), the god Śiva is my g.: bhagavānīśo hi me śāsitā, Vi. ii. 27.

GOVERNORSHIP: ādhipatyam;
     2 mogapatitvam;
     3 deśādhyakṣatā.

GOWN:
     I For women: śāṭī (?).
     II Of scholars etc.: *gauṇam.
     III A dressing-g.: q.v.:

GOWNSMAN: *gauṇabhṛt (m.), gauṇadhārin (m.), etc.

GRACE (subs.):
     I Favour: q.v.: prasādaḥ, she obtaining the g. of the gods: prasādamāsādya suraiḥ kṛtaṃ sā, N. xiv. 8.
     II Beauty: q.v.: lāvaṇyam.
     III Good quality: guṇaḥ.
     IV Ornament: q.v.: bhūṣaṇam, these various (actions) become their g.s.: iti vividhamiyāya tāsu bhūṣām, Ki. x. 59.
     V As a title: devaḥ (for dukes), bhagavat (m.) (for archbishops).
     VI A goddess: apsaras (f.).
     VII A prayer before or after meal: to say g.: *īśvarasya prasādaṃ kīrtayati or prasādanām ādriyate (dṛ, c. 4.), N. xiv. 1.

GRACE (v.):
     I To adorn, decorate: q.v.: bhūṣayati, chaste knowledge graces flesh: śuci bhūṣayati śrutaṃ vapuḥ, Ki. ii. 32.
     II To honour: q.v.: sammānayati (c. of man).

GRACEFUL:
     1 lāvaṇyavat (f. ) (= pretty);
     2 śobhanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= fine);
     3 ramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= lovely, pleasant).

GRACEFULLY:
     1 śobhanam: v. Beautifully,;
     2 madhuram: v. Sweetly.

GRACEFULNESS:
     1 cārutā: v. Beauty,
     2 mādhuryyam: v. Sweetness.

GRACELESS: naṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Depraved, corrupt.

GRACIOUS:
     I Merciful: q.v.:
     1 prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 dayāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ), To be g.: prasīdati (sad, c. 1.).
     II Excellent: q.v.: viśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭāṃ).
     III Beautiful: q.v.

GRACIOUSLY:
     1 sānugraham (= favourable);
     2 sadayam: v. Kindly.

GRACIOUSNESS:
     1 prasannatā;
     2 dayā: v. Kindness,
     3 audāryam: v. Liberality.

GRADATION: v. Grade, degree. In music: ārohāvarohaḥ. (?). M. n.

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GRADE:
     1 śreṇiḥ (= class);
     2 prakāraḥ (=kind);
     3 padam (= position). Ph.; g. d. service *śreṇibaddhā vṛttiḥ.

GRADIENT:
     I Moving: calat (f. ntī).
     II Inclined: praṇataḥ (tā taṃ) (?), a g.: praṇatabhūmiḥ (?)

GRADUAL:
     1 krimikaḥ (kī kaṃ), ānu-;
     2 alpālpa- in comp., g. decrease: alpālpahrāsaḥ, V.p.;
     3 by adv.

GRADUALLY:
     1 kramaśaḥ, a pot is g. filled: kramaśaḥ pūryate ghaṭaḥ, H.;
     2 krame krame;
     3 anukrameṇaḥ;
     4 alpālpaśaḥ (little by lit.);
     5 śanaiḥ śanaiḥ (= slowly).

GRADUATE (subs.): upādhidhārin (f. ṇī): upādhigrāhaka (f. hikā).

GRADUATE (v.): to g. in a university: *viścavidyālayasthopādhiṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.); g. scale: *aṅkitapādā paddhatiḥ.

GRADUATION: expr. by verb: v. To graduate.

GRAFT (subs.): bhinnavṛkṣe nidhānāya vṛkṣapallavaḥ or kalamaḥ.

GRAFT (v.):
     I Lit.: nidadhati (dhā, c. 3.) (?).
     II Fig.: nidadhāti.

GRAFTER: saṅkaraphalotpādakaḥ (?).

GRAIN (subs.):
     I Corn.: dhānyam, small g. (= millet: q.v.): kṣudradhānyam.
     II Seed: q.v.: vījam.
     III A small particle: kaṇaḥ.
     IV Of the veins of wood: against the g.: pratilomam: v. A weight: expr. by raktikā (= 1,75 g.) Ph.: in. g. i.e. deeply seated: asthigataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

GRAIN (v.):
     I To dye: dṛḍhaṃ rañjayati (c. of rañja).
     II To form into g s: kaṇamayaṃ (f. yīṃ) karoti (?).

GRAINY: dhānyamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GRAMINIVOROUS:
     1 tṛṇajambha (f. mbhā);
     2 śaṣpabhojin (f. );
     3 ghāsādaḥ (f. dā daṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GRAMMAR:
     1 vyākaraṇam;
     2 śabdavidyā (rare), D. A master of the rules of g.: śabdaśāsanavid (mfn.) Si. xiv. 24.

GRAMMARIAN:
     1 vaiyākaraṇaḥ, a mere g. kevalavaiyākaraṇaḥ, S.k.;
     2 śabdaśāstrajñaḥ (rare).

GRAMMATICAL:
     I Lit.: by comp.
     II According to the rules of grammar: not g.: vyākaraṇalakṣaṇahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Kav. or cyutasaṃskāraḥ (rā raṃ), Sah.

GRAMMATICALLY:
     1 vyākaraṇānusāreṇa;
     2 by adj.

GRAMPUS: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

GRANARY:
     1 kuśūlaḥ;
     2 dhānyakoṣṭhaḥ -kaḥ;
     3 marāraḥ (rare).

GRAND:
     I Great: q.v.: mahat (f. ).
     II Chief: q.v.: pradhānaḥ (nā naṃ).
     III Lofty, dignified: q.v.: tejasvin (f. ).

GRANDCHILD: v. Grandson, granddaughter.

GRANDDAUGHTER:
     1 pautrī (= son's d.);
     2 dauhitrī (= daughter's d.);
     3 naptrī Great -g.: prapautrī, etc.

GRANDEE: mahājanaḥ (?): v. Noble.

GRANDEUR:
     I Greatness: q.v.: mahatvam.
     II Nobleness, majesty: q.v.: māhātmyam.
     III Loftiness, impressiveness: q.v.: tejasvitā.

GRANDFATHER:
     1 pitāmahaḥ (= paternal);
     2 mātāmahaḥ (maternal). Great g.: prapitāmahaḥ (p.); pramātāmahaḥ (m.). Great great g.: vṛddhaprapitāmahaḥ, etc.

GRANDILOQUENCE:
     1 atiśayoktiḥ;
     2 uccavādaḥ.

GRANDILOQUENT, GRANDILOQUOUS:
     1 uccavādin (f. );
     2 dhvanisāraḥ (ra raṃ) (in bad sense), Si.;
     2 vākśūraḥ, M.n.

GRANDLY:
     1 ujjvalam (= splendidly);
     2 viśiṣṭam (= excellently);
     3 better by adj.

GRANDMOTHER:
     1 pitāmahī (= paternal);
     2 mātāmahī (= maternal). Great g.: prapitāmahī, etc. Great g.g.: vṛddhaprapitāmahī, etc.

GRANDSON:
     1 pautraḥ (son's son);
     2 dauhitraḥ (daughter's s.);
     3 naptṛ (m.). Great -g.: prapautraḥ, etc.

GRANGE:
     I Granary: q.v.
     II Farm: kṣetram.

GRANITE: *granthikaḥ, red. g.: *raktagranthikaḥ.

GRANIVOROUS: dhānyabhūj (mfn.); dhānyādaḥ (dā daṃ); etc.

GRANT (subs.):
     1 dānam pra-, g. of a village: grāmadānam, He.;
     2 śāsanam (= edict: of royal g.), with g.s attested with his own signature: svahastakṛtacihnaśāsanaḥ, Si. xiv. 36.

GRANT (v.t.):
     I To give: q.v.:
     1 dadāti or datte (, c. 3.), what does not God g. (when) gracious: kiṃ na dadāti bhagavān prasannaḥ, Ve.;
     2 vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.), God, g. me whatever is good: tanme bhadraṃ bhadraṃ vitara bhagavan, Ma. i. 4.; to whom excessive powers had been g. ed: vitīrṇavīryātiśayān, Si. i. 71. Ph.: to g. a request: prarthitaṃ or kāmaṃ dadāti, v. p. or abhilāṣaṃ pūrayati.
     II To concede:
     1 svīkaroti (= to admit: q.v.);
     2 by atha or atho (= g. ed), g. ed the arrow was discharged by him for me: atho śarastena madarthamujbhkitaḥ, Ki. xiv. 17.;
     3 by imper., I g. he is wholly so: tathāvidhastāvadaśeṣamastu saḥ, Ku.

GRANTEE:
     1 dānagrahītṛ (f. trī);
     2 pratigrahītṛ (f. trī), He.

GRANTOR:
     1 dānakartṛ (f. trī);
     2 dātṛ (f. trī): v. Giver.

GRANULAR:
     1 kaṇamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?);
     2 kaṇapūrṇa (f. rṇā) (?).

GRAPE: drākṣā, mountain- g.: varvatajā drākṣā; g. without stone or seedless g.: avījā drākṣā; large g.: gostanī drākṣā, Bha. N.B. These words are often applied to raisins, Bha.: for distinction, add āmā or pakvā.

GRAPHIC, -AL:
     1 vicitraḥ (trā traṃ) (= picturesque);
     2 suspaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= very clear);
     3 arthavat (f. ) (= significant).

GRAPHICALLY: expr. by adj.

GRAPNEL:
     I Properly: kṣudralaṅgaraḥ.
     II In gen: ākrarṣaṇī (?).

GRAPPLE (v.):
     I Lit.: gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), g. ed the arms of Śiva: śivasya bhujadvayaṃ jagrāh, M.n.: v. To seize.
     II To comprehend: q.v.: gṛhṇāti.

GRAPPLE, GRAPPLING (subs.):
     I Seizure: q.v.: grahaṇam.
     II A hook: ākarṣaṇī (?).

GRAPPLING-IRONS: lauhākarṣaṇī (?).

GRAPY:
     I Lit.: by comp.
     II Like grape: drākṣābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

GRASP (v.):
     I To cakS: q.v.: gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To comprehend: q.v.: gṛhṇāti. G. at.: i.e. aspire to: q.v.: īpsati (desi. of āp).

GRASP (subs.):
     I Lit.: grahaḥ -ṇama, he has fallen in my g.: so'yaṃ madbhujapañjare nipatitaḥ, Ve. iii.; embraced with a firm g.: niṣpapeṣa parirabhya vakṣasā, Ki. xviii. 13.: by their g. ing of cach other: tayorbhūjaviniṣpeṣāt, Mah. iii. 39. 60.
     II Mental: v. Capacity, comprehension.

GRASPING (adj.): gṛdhnu (mfn.): v. Covetous.

GRASPINGLY: expr. by adj., un -g.: agṛdhnuḥ, R.: v. Also covetously.

GRASPINGNESS: gṛdhnūtā: v. Covetousness.

GRASS: tṛṇam. young g.:
     1 bālatṛṇam;
     2 śaṣpam;
     3 śādaḥ. Meadow g.:
     1 ghāsaḥ;
     2 yavasaḥ. The 'Sacrificial g.':
     1 kuśa (mn.);
     2 darbhaḥ. The Dūrvā g.: dūrvā.

GRASS-GREEN:
     1 śādvalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 śādaharitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 navatṛṇa (f. ṇā), Ki. x. 33.

GRASSHOPPER:
     1 śalabhaḥ;
     2 pataṅgaḥ.

GRASSY:
     I Lit.:
     1 bahutṛṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 tṛṇāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Green: q.v.

GRATE (subs.): no equiv.: *lauhayogaḥ. lauhacullī might be used for g. =fireplace.

GRATE (v.):
     I To furnish with g.s: *lauhayogānvitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti; lauhadaṇḍaiḥ dṛḍhīkaroti.
     II To rub: q.v.: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).
     III To vex, irritate: q.v.

GRATEFUL:
     I Pleasant: q.v.: ramya (f. myā).
     II Thankful:
     1 kṛtajña (f. jñā);
     2 kṛtavedin (f. ), and who is not g.: yaśca kṛtaṃ na vetti, H.

GRATEFULLY:
     I Pleasantly: q.v.
     II Thankfully: kṛtajñatayā.

GRATEFULNESS:
     I Gratitude: q.v.
     II Pleasantness: q.v.: rabhyatā.

GRATER: gharṣaṇī (?), gharṣaṇayantram (?).

GRATIFICATION:
     I The act:
     1 toṣaṇam saṃ- pari-;
     2 tarpaṇam pari-, (rare).
     II Pleasure, delight: q.v.:
     1 santoṣaḥ;
     2 paritoṣaḥ;
     3 tuṣṭiḥ; receiving g. at night: tuṣṭimupeyuṣāṃ niśi, N. xvi. iii.
     III Reward: q.v.: pāritoṣikam.

GRATIFY: toṣayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of tuṣ), you will g. him and return quick: taṃ santoṣya satvaramāgamiṣyasi, H.; the killer of Vritra was g. ed with his excessive strength: tutoṣa vīryātiśayena vṛtrahā, R. iii. 62: v. To please, satisfy.

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GRATING (adj.); karkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), g. to the ear: karṇakarkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), N. xvii. 25.

GRATING (subs.):
     I Rubbing: saṃgharṣaṇam, g. of teeth: dantasam.
     II Grate: q.v.

GRATINGLY: karkaśam; v. Harshly.

GRATIS: vinā mūlyena; svataḥ (= naturally).

GRATITUDE:
     1 kṛtajñatā;
     2 kṛtaveditā.

GRATUITOUS:
     I Given without recompense: expr. by adv.
     II Without good ground: amūlakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

GRATUITOUSLY:
     1 vinā mūlyena;
     2 svataḥ (= naturally: q.v.).

GRATUITY: dānam: v. Present, gift.

GRATULATE, GRATULATION, GRATULATORY: v. Congratulate, congratulation, congratulatory.

GRAVE (adj.):
     I Heavy: q.v.: guru (f. rvī).
     II Important: q.v.: guru (f. rvī).
     III Solemn:
     1 gambhī(bhī)raḥ (rā raṃ) (= deep);
     2 dhīraḥ (rā raṃ) (= steady).
     IV Of sound:
     1 gambhi(bhī)raḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 mandra (f. ndrā);
     3 dhīraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 ghanaḥ (nā naṃ).

GRAVE (subs.):
     I Lit.: śavakhātam (?).
     II Tomb: q.v.: samādhiḥ.
     III Death, end: q.v.: antaḥ.

GRAVE (v.): mudrayati (mudr, c. 10.): v. To engrave.

GRAVE-CLOTHE: pretavāsas (n.), covering the emperor with g.: mahārājaṃ vāsasā samācchādya, Ram. ii. 83. 15.

GRAVE-DIGGER: śavakhātakhanakaḥ. (?).

GRAVE-STONE: nidhānopalaḥ (?); nidhānaprastaraḥ (?).

GRAVEYARD: pretavanam: v. Cemetery.

GRAVEL (subs.): śarkarā (= both the earth and the disease).

GRAVEL (v.):
     I Lit.: śarkarāvṛtaṃ (f. tāṃ) or śarkarācchannaṃ (f. nnāṃ) karoti.
     II Fig.: v. To entangle, embarrass.

GRAVELLY:
     1 śrkarāvat (f. );
     2 śārkarikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

GRAVELY:
     1 gambhīram;
     2 dhīram: v. Grave (adj.).

GRAVENESS: v. Gravity.

GRAVITATE: ākṛṣyate (pass of kṛṣ), g.s. (lit. is drawn) towards it according to the law of g. ion (lit. by its force): ākṛṣyate svābhimukhaṃ svaśaktyā, Go. iii. 5.

GRAVITATION: ākarṣaṇam. Law of g.: ākarṣaṇaśaktiḥ.

GRAVITY:
     I Heaviness: gurutvam, specific g.: viśeṣagurutvam.
     II Weight, importance: q.v.: gurutvam.
     III Solemnity:
     1 gāmbhīryam;
     2 dhairybh (= steadiness).
     IV Of sound:
     1 gāmmīryam;
     2 mandratā.

GRAVY: siddhamāṃsarasaḥ, Bha.

GRAY (adj.):
     1 pāṇḍu (mfn.) (= pale white), covered with ash-g. hair: bhasmapāṇḍuromāśliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), K.;
     2 dhavalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= white: q.v.) g. old age: dhavalā jarā, K.;
     3 dhūmra (f. mrā) (= smoky: q.v.), g. eyed: dhūmrākṣa (f. kṣī), Ram.;
     4 palitaḥ (tā taṃ) (of the head and of old men), a man is not old because his head is g.: na tena sthaviro bhavati yenāsya palitaṃ śiraḥ, Mah.; gray for nothing: vṛthā palitaḥ, Si.; not by g. (hairs): na palitaiḥ, Mah.

GRAY (subs.):
     I The colour: v. Gray (adj.).
     II A g. animal: expr. by white, g. horse: śuklāśvaḥ.

GRAYISH:
     1 pāṇḍu (mfn.) (?);
     2 pāṇḍuraḥ (rā raṃ).

GRAYNESS: palitam: v. Gray (4).

GRAZE (v.):
     I To feed on: carati (car, c. 1.), for g. ing at a distance: dūre caraṇāya, Pa.; g. grass: tṛṇaṃ caranti, Pa.
     II To feed: cārayati saṃ- pra-, (c. of car), to g. calves: vatsāṃścārayati. V.p.
     III To touch slightly: gharṣati, (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).

GRAZER: tṛṇacārin (f. ṇī), Pa.

GRAZIER: cārakaḥ, N.s. Cattle-g.: gocārakaḥ.

GRAZING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 caraṇam;
     2 pracāraḥ.
     II G. land:
     1 pracārabhūmiḥ, V.p. com.;
     2 gocaraḥ (for king), Ki.
     III Rubbing: ā-gharṣaṇam.

GREASE (subs.):
     1 vasā;
     2 vapā;
     3 medas (n.).

GREASE (v.):
     I Lit.: vasayā ślakṣṇīkaroti: v. Also to smear.
     II To bribe: q.v.

GREASILY:
     I Lit. cikkaṇam.
     II Grossly: aślīlam.

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GREASY:
     I Oily: vasāplutaḥ (tā taṃ) (after ghṛtaplutaḥ of N.).
     II Smooth: q.v.: cikkaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

GREAT:
     1 mahat (f. ): in most senses: (a) of size: a g. forest: mahāvanam, Mu.: v. Large. (b) of quantity: g. collection: mahānnicayaḥ, Ki.; a g. crowd: mahājanasamūhaḥ, Ku. (c) of weight: g. news: mahatī vārttā, H.; for g. result: mahate phalāya, Ki.: v. Important. (d) eminent, noble: of the g.: mahatām, Ki.; g. man: mahājanaḥ, Mah.; g. -minded: mahātman (mfn.), K.: v. Principal, chief. (e) of degree, etc.: a g. while: mahān kālaḥ, K.; g. effort: mahān yanṭaḥ, R.; g. sinner: mahāpātakin, Vi.; of g. price: mahārha (f. rhā), Ku.; g. interval: mahandataram. P.;
     2 su (= good) or ati (= very) prefixed (to intensify the meaning), to a g. distance: suṭūram, K.; g. many: subahu (mfn.), K.; to a g. degree: atyartham, Ki.;
     3 adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ) (when there is comparison), the g. animals did not harass the little: ūnaṃ na sattveṣvadhiko babādhe, R. ii. 14.; g. er devotion: adhikā bhaktiḥ, K.: v. More.

GREAT-COAT: not equiv.: *mahācolaḥ.

GREAT-GRANDFATHER etc.: v. Grandfather etc.

GREATEST: in degree: paramaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Extreme. In the g. degree: param: v. Extremely.

GREATLY:
     I Much, exceedingly: q.v.:
     1 ati- or su- in comp.;
     2 atiśayam;
     3 bhṛśam. Very g.: sutarām nitarām, or atitarām, his love was very g. implanted: sutarāmāropitaprītirabhavat, K.
     II Nobly: q.v.: by adj.

GREATNESS:
     1 mahattvam, for accession of g.: mahattvayogāya, Ki. iii. 23.;
     2 mahiman (m.), the chief of devotees domineers with her g.: prabhavati hi mahimnā svena yogeśvarīyam, Ma. x. 8.: v. Eminence, grandeur;
     3 gurutvam (= importance: q.v.);
     4 udāratā (= magnanimity: q.v.);
     5 vipulatā (= largeness: q.v.).

GREAVES: jaṅghātrāṇam and sim. comp.s.

GRECIAN:
     I Adj.:
     1 by comp.;
     2 *āgrikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Subs; (a) a Greek: *agrikaḥ (b.) one versed in Greek: *agrikabhāṣājñaḥ.

GRECISM: *agrikabhāṣāṇusāriṇī vākpaddhatiḥ.

GREEDILY: expr. by adj.: v. Also covetously.

GREEDINESS, GREED:
     I Covetousness: q.v.: gṛdhnutā.
     II Voracity:
     1 ghasmaratā or ahmaratā;
     2 jighatsā: v. Hunger.

GREEDY:
     I Covetous: q.v.: gṛdhnu (mfn.).
     II Of food:
     1 ahmaraḥ or ghasmaraḥ (rā raṃ) (= voracious), the g. destructive Rudra: ghasmarakalarudraḥ. vi. iii. 48.;
     2 jighatsu (mfn.) (= wishing to eat): v. Hungry.

GREEK: i.e. G. language: *agrikabhāṣā. For other senses: v. Grecian.

GREEN (adj.):
     I Of colour:
     1 haritaḥ (tā tāṃ) or harit (mfn.), about g. paddy: harite dhānye, M. viii. 330.;
     2 palāśaḥ (śā śaṃ) (rare), a wood g. like new leaves: navapalāśapalāśavanam, Si. vi. 2.
     II Fresh: q.v.: g. manhood: navavayas; g. crop: navaśsyam.
     III Raw, immature: q.v.: apariṇataḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Not dry, as of g. wood: ārdra. (f. rdrā).

GREEN (subs.):
     I The colour:
     1 haritaḥ;
     2 haridvarṇaḥ;
     3 palāśaḥ (rare).
     II A grassy plain: śādvalasthalī: v. Also grassy.
     III In pl., vegetables: śākam.

GREEN, TO BE or BECOME: haritāyate (nomi.) (rare).

GREENFINCH: pakṣibhedaḥ; hārītaḥ (?).

GREENGAGE: no equiv.: *palāśaphalam.

GREENGROCER: phalādivikretṛ (f. trī); phalopajīvin (f. ), Ram. ii. 90. 19.

GREENHORN:
     1 apariṇatabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 apakvadhī (n. dhi); etc.

GREENHOUSE: *ātapatrāṇam; haritagṛham.

GREENSIH:
     1 īṣaddharitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 haridābhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

GREENNESS:
     I Lit.: haritatā -tvam.
     II Freshness: navatā.
     III Immaturity: apakratā.

GREENSWARD: tṛṇāvṛtā bhūmiḥ and sim. comp.s.

GREENWOOD (adj.): by comp., g. shade: haritavanaddhāyā.

GREET (v.): sabhājayati (sabhāj, c. 10.), coming to g. (his daughter) out of affection: snehātsabhā-  -jayitumetya, U. i. 7.; uses the right arm to g. me: sabhājane me savyetaraṃ bhujaṃ prayuṃkte, Ram. xiii. 43.: v. Also salute.

GREETER:
     1 sabhajayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 better by verb.

GREETING:
     1 sabhājanam;
     2 abhinandanam (= congratulation): v. Also salutation.

GREGARIOUS:
     1 yūyacārin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s. (= moving in company: as of elephants):
     2 saṅghapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

GREGARIOUSLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 saṅghaśaḥ (in flock).

GRENADE: *avapothikā (used in a like sense in Mah).

GRENADIER: *dakṣiṇarakṣin (m.).

GREY: v. Gray.

GREYHOUND: śvan (m.), and presented many tigerlike g.s: vyāghrasaṃhananadyutīn.......śunaścopānayadvahūn, Ram. ii. 72. 24.

GRICE: śūkaraśāvaḥ -kaḥ and sim. comp.s.

GRIDIRON: ambarīṣam (?); bhrāṣṭam (= frying pan).

GRIEF:
     1 śokaḥ, broken-hearted from g. on account of me: mamaiva śokena vidīrṇavakṣasā, N. i. 140.;
     2 duḥkham (= pain), g. at a son's loss dries up the heart, body and mind: hṛccharīramanaḥśoṣi duḥkhaṃ putraviyogajam, Ram. ii. 76. 28.: v. Also sorrow, distress.

GRIEVANCE:
     I Injury:
     1 duḥkham;
     2 kaṣṭam;
     3 kleśaḥ.
     II Grief: santāpaḥ.

GRIEVE (v.i.):
     1 śocati, why she will not g. in distress: kathaṃ śocenna duḥkhitā, Ram.;
     2 by adj.: v. Sorry. To g. at or for: anuśocati, Mah.

GRIEVE (v.t.):
     I To afflict:
     1 duḥkhayati (nomi.), this g.s. me: ado duḥkhākaroti māṃ, Si. ii. 11.;
     2 tāpayati saṃ-, (c. of tap) (stronger), g. d by widowhood: vaidhavyatāpitā, Si. xi. 67.;
     3 dunoti (du, c. 5), I am not g.d: na duye, Si.
     II To mourn: śocati, I g. you: bhavantaṃ śocāmi, Mr. i.

GRIEVINGLY: śocamānaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Sorrowfully.

GRIEVOUS:
     I Heinous, aggravated: ghoraḥ (rā raṃ). Ph.: g. hurt: ghorakṣatam.
     II Full of grief: śokākulaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III painful:
     1 duḥkhākaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 duḥkhajananaḥ (nī naṃ), etc.

GRIEVOUSLY:
     1 ghoram;
     2 balavat;
     3 saśokam (= sorrowfully): v. Also excedingly, painfully.

GRIEVOUSNESS:
     1 ghoratā: v. Fierceness;
     2 śokākṛlatā (= sorrowfulness);
     3 śocyatā (= sadness).

GRIFFIN, GRIFFON: *śyenasiṃhaḥ.

GRIG:
     I An eel: kuñcikābhedaḥ.
     II Health: q.v.

GRILL: bhṛjjati (bhrasj, c. 6.): v. To fry.

GRIM: ghoraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Frightful, horrible.

GRIMACE: mukhabhaṅgiḥ, K.; and sim. comp.s.

GRIMLY: ghoram: v. Fiercely, sternly.

GRIMNESS: ghorata: v. Fierceness, frightfulness.

GRIMY: malinaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Dirty, foul.

GRIN (v.): dantān darśayati (c. of dṛś), then the fool g.ned and laughed loudly: tato jahāsa svanavanmūḍho dantān darśayan, V. p. v. 28. 15.

GRIN (subs.):
     1 vikṛtasmitam (?);
     2 better as above.

GRIND (v.t.):
     I Lit.: pinaṣṭi nis- ut- vinis- prati-, (piṣ, c. 7.), say whether we shall g. the sun on the ground: kiṃ brūhi bhūmau pinaṣāma bhānum, B. xii. 18.: v. Also to pound.
     II Fig.: pinaṣṭi nis- vinisa-, g. ed (his) teeth from rage: roṣāddantān dantairniṣpipeṣa, Mah. iv. 16. 14.; it ground that powder: tadeṣa pipeṣa piṣṭam, N. xiii. 19.; g. ing the world: piṣṭā brahmāṇḍam, Vi. vi. 10.; ground down by taxes: karaniṣpiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. To oppress.
     III To rub: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To gnash, whet.

GRIND (v.i.):
     I To do g. ing: peṣaṇaṃ karoti.
     II To become ground: peṣyate nis vinis (pass. of piṣ).

GRINDER:
     I Lit.: peṣakaḥ nis-.
     II A molar: carvaṇadantaḥ (?).

GRINDINGLY:
     1 niṣpiṣya vi-;
     2 niṣpīḍya.

GRINDSTONE:
     I Whet-stone: q.v.: śāṇam.
     II Grinding-s.: peṣaṇī.

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GRINNINGLY: dantān darśayat (f. ntī), pra-, V. p.

GRIP:
     I Subs.: expr. by hastabh: v. Grasp.
     II Verb: gṛhrāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To cakS.

GRIPE (subs.):
     I Grasp: q.v.: expr. by hastam.
     II Handle: hastam.
     III In pl. pain in the intestines: udaraśūlam (?).

GRIPE (v.):
     I To grasp: q.v.
     II To cause pain to the bowels: expr. by udaraśūlam (?).
     III To distress: santāpayati (c. of tap).

GRIPER:
     I Lit.: grāhakaḥ.
     II Oppressor: peṣakaḥ.

GRISLY: bhīṣaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Terrible, horrible.

GRIST:
     I Corn for grinding: peṣyam.
     II Ground-corn: piṣṭam.
     III Supply, provision: q.v.

GRISTLE: taruṇāsthi (n.), Sr. (?)

GRISTLY: taruṇāsthimayaḥ (yī yaṃ), Monier Williams.

GRIT:
     I Sand, gravel: q.v.: śarkarā.
     II In pl. oats or wheat coarsely ground: sthūlapiṣṭam (?).

GRITTY: śarkarāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

GRIZZEL: pāṇḍuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Gray.

GRIZZLY: dhūmraḥ (mrā mraṃ), g. bear: dhūmrabhallaḥ.

GROAN (v.): raṭati (raṭ, c. 1.): v. To cry, sigh.

GROAN (subs.): raṭitam, very sad g. s: atikātaraṃ raṭitam, D.: v. Also cry.

GROAT: prācīnamudrāviśeṣaḥ; *catuṣpāṇiḥ.

GROCER: gandhavaṇij (m.) (?) sitādivikretṛ (m.).

GROCERY sitādipaṇyam (?).

GROIN:
     I Lit.:
     1 vaṃkṣaṇaḥ;
     2 vāṭaḥ.
     II In architecture: *vāṭaḥ.

GROOM (subs.):
     1 aśvapālaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 turagaparicārakaḥ, K. and sim. comp.s.

GROOM (v.): paricaryāṃ karoti (= with gen.); paricarati (car, c. 1.).

GROOVE:
     I Subs.:
     1 rekhā (= line);
     2 praṇālī (= canal).
     II Verb: rekhāṃ or praṇālīṃ karoti (?).

GROPE (v.): parāmṛśyati (mṛś, c. 6.): v. To search, feel.

GROPINGLY: andhakāre parāmṛśat (f. ) (?).

GROSS:
     I Bulky: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Coarse: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ)
     III Stupid: sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     IV Obscene: q.v.
     V Great, as g. injustice: mahat (f. ).
     VI Whole, total: q.v.

GROSSLY:
     I Greatly: bhṛśam.
     II Indecently: aślīlam.

GROSSNESS:
     I Thickness, coarseness: sthaulyam or sthūlatā.
     II Enormity, greatness: mahattvam
     III Indecency: aślīlatā.

GROT, GROTTO:
     1 kandarā;
     2 darī: v. Cave.

GROTESQUE:
     I Adj.: aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ) (?).
     II Subs.: aparūpam (?) or by adj.

GROTESQUELY: aparūpam (?): v. Also ridiculously.

GROTESQUENESS: aparūpatā (?): v. Also ridiculousness.

GROUND (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhūmiḥ or bhūḥ, good g.: guṇavatī bhūmiḥ, Ka.; in another's g.: parubhūmau, Vi.; seeing him fallen on the g.: taṃdṛṣṭvā patitaṃbhūmau, Ram. vi. 92. 63.; gone to the g.: gato bhuvi, Ku. xvi. 41.;
     2 kṣitiḥ (= earth), fruitfut g.: phalavatī kṣitiḥ, R.;
     3 sthalaṃ -lī saṃ-, (= high g.), let us stand from here on high (fighting) g.: taditaḥ sthalīmadhitiṣṭhāva, Vi. v.; lying on g. full of Dūrvā grass adabhradarbhāmadhiśayya saṃsthalīm, Ki. i. 58;
     4 sthaṇḍilam (= cleared g.) (rare), on the bare g.: sthaṇḍila eva kevale, Ku. v. 12.;
     5 raṇam (= battle: q.v.: poet. for battle g.), Ram;
     6 bhūtalaṃ or bhahītalam (= surface of earth), V. p.
     II Basis;
     1 mūlam: v. Root;
     2 kāraṇam: v. Cause:
     3 prayojanam: v. Object.
     III In painting: bhittiḥ, although the g. is plain: mittau samāyāmapi, Sa. vi. 16.
     IV In pl., dregs: malam. Ph.: (a) to gain g.: upacīyate (pass. of ci): v. To advance; (b) to lose g.: avacīyate: v. To decline; (c) to give g.: v. To recede.

GROUND (v. i.): bhūmiṃ or kṣiṃtiṃ spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6.) (?) or bhūmau or kṣitau lagati (lag, c. 1.) (?).

GROUND (v. t.):
     I Lit.: bhūmau lagayati (c. of lag) (?)
     II To establish: q.v.: expr. by mūlaḥ (lā laṃ), g. ed in love: premamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

GROUND-FLOOR: prathamo bhūbhāgaḥ (after N.); sim. bhūmiḥ or kṣitiḥ (when the sense is clear).

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GROUND-IVY: latāviśeṣaḥ.

GROUNDLESS: amūlaḥ or nirmūlaḥ (lā laṃ), -kaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Also false.

GROUNDLESSLY:
     1 amūlam;
     2 niṣkāraṇam: v. Also falsely.

GROUNDLESSNESS:
     1 amūlatā;
     2 asāratā (= emptiness).

GROUND-NUT: cīnavādāmaḥ (?).

GROUND-RENT: bhūmikaraḥ (?); stomaḥ, N. s.

GROUNDSEL: oṣadhibhedaḥ; bhūmivardhanaḥ.

GROUNDWORK:
     I Lit.: mittimūlam.
     II First cause: nidānam.

GROUP (subs.):
     1 saṅghaḥ, in g.: saṅghaśaḥ;
     2 samavāyaḥ;
     3 samūhaḥ;
     4 gaṇaḥ;
     5 oghaḥ.

GROUP (v. t.): gaṇīkaroti (?): v. To arrange.

GROUSE: vanyapakṣibhedaḥ.

GROVE:
     1 vṛkṣavāṭikā;
     2 upavanam;
     3 ārāmaḥ. A g. near a house:
     1 gṛhārāmaḥ;
     2 niṣkṛṭaḥ.

GROVEL: riṅgati (riṅg, c. 1): v. To crawl.

GROVELLING (adj.): kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Mean, base.

GROW (v. i.):
     I To increase: vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.), the fish grew there: sa tatra vavṛdhe matsyaḥ, Mah. iii. 187. 12.: v. To grow up.
     II To be produced: jāyate (jan, c. 4.) or bhavati (bhū, c. 1.), barley g. s here: yavo'tra jāyate or bhavati. Ph.: land where all crops g.: sarvaśasyapradā bhūmiḥ, K. b.
     III To become: q.v.: jāyate or bhavati, grew fierce: krūramajani, Si.
     IV To arise from: q.v.: jāyate.

GROW (v. t.): i.e. to raise: karoti (kṛ, c. 8.) N. B. ropayati saṃ-, (c. of ruh) is gen. restricted to planting.

GROW UP:
     1 vardhate pari- saṃ-, (vṛdh, c. 1.), Rājavāhana grew up with the minister's sons: rājavāhano mantriputraiḥ sahāvardhata, D.;
     2 edhate (edh, c. 1.) (rare), g. n up with young deer: mṛgaśābaiḥ samamedhitaḥ (tā taṃ), Sa. ii.;
     3 rohati (ruh, c. 1.) (of trees etc.), as seeds g.: yathā vījāni rohanti, Vri.

GROWER:
     1 ropayitṛ (m.);
     2 ropakaḥ ā-, g. of trees: vṛkṣāropakaḥ, M.

GROWL (v.): citkāraṃ karoti: v. Also to roar.

GROWL (subs.): citkāraḥ: v. Also roar.

GROWN UP (adj.): i.e. adult: prauḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ).

GROWTH:
     I Increase: q.v.: vṛddhiḥ. Ph.: of one year's g.: ekavarṣīṇa (f. ṇā); full g.: pariṇāmaḥ : v. Maturity.
     II Product.: q.v.

GRUB (subs.):
     I A larva: aṇḍaḥ (?).
     II Dwarf: vāmanaḥ.

GRUB (v.):
     I To dig: khanati (khan, c. 1.). G. up: unmūlayati vidalati (dal, c. 1.), Ram.
     II To beg.: q.v.: bhikṣate.

GRUBBER:
     I A digger: khanakaḥ.
     II A instrument: khanitram.

GRUB-STREET (adj.): perh. grāmya (f. myā) (lit. village).

GRUDGE (v.):
     1 dūyate (pass. of du) (= to be grieved);
     2 by sābhyasūyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= envious);
     3 by vadati (= to day).

GRUDGE (subs.):
     1 rāgaḥ: v. Enmity;
     2 abhdhasūyā (= envy).

GRUDGINGLY:
     1 anicchayā (= unwillingly);
     2 duḥkhena (with difficulty).

GRUEL:
     1 yavāgūḥ;
     2 kāñcīkam;
     3 āranālam.

GRUFF: karkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Rough, harsh.

GRUFFLY: karkaśam; v. Roughly, harshly.

GRUFFNESS: kārkaśyam: v. Roughness, harshness.

GRUMBLE:
     I To complain:
     1 na tuṣyati (tuṣ, c. 4.);
     2 khidyate (khid, c. 4.) (= to be distressed).
     II To roar: q.v.

GRUMBLER: expr. by verb.

GRUMBLINGLY:
     1 asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= discontented);
     2 sakhedam.

GRUNT (v.): g. ed loud: jagarja parighargharam, V. p. i. 4. 25.; where do not fierce g. ing boars g.: kaḥ kaḥ kutra na ghurghurāyitaghuro ghoro ghurecchūkaraḥ, Kav.

GRUNT (subs.): ghargharanādaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Cry.

GRUNTLING: śūkaraśāvaḥ -kaḥ.

GUANO: sāmudrikapakṣimalam; *gavanam.

GUARANTEE (subs.):
     I The person: pratyayapratibhūḥ, Mit.
     II An engagement: pratyayaḥ, on my g., give him goods: matpratyayenāsya dravyaṃ dehi, Mit.: v. Security.

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GUARANTEE (v.): expr. by pratyayaḥ;
     2 pratibhurbhavati (= to become surety).

GUARD (v. t.):
     1 rakṣati pari- saṃ- abhi- prati-, (rakṣ, c. 1.), and the gods of quarters g. ing (your) strength as to penances: rakṣantastapasi balañca lokapālāḥ, Ki. v. 50.; was well-g. ed and well-protected like the edifice of Indra: surakṣitaṃ suguptañca yathendrabhavanaṃ tathā, Mah.;
     2 gopāyati abhi- saṃ- anu-, (gup, c. 1.), g. ed himself undaunted: jugopātmānamatrastaḥ, R. i. 21.: v. Also to protect.

GUARD AGAINST: apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) bhavatiḥ v. Careful.

GUARD (subs.):
     I G. ing: rakṣā or rakṣaṇam: v. Protection. Ph.: off the g.: prabhattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Careless; be on your g.: sāvadhāno bhava, U. v.: v. Careful; to mount g.: rakṣam adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (?)
     II One who g. s.:
     1 rakṣin (m.);
     2 rakṣakaḥ;
     3 rakṣādhikṛtaḥ. N. B. Use pl. when it conveys many, life-g.: aṅgarakṣakāḥ, Bha. G. -master: gulmasthānādhipaḥ, Mu. v.
     III In a vessel, a fence: āvaraṇam (?)

GUARDED (adj.):
     1 apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 avahitaḥ (tā taṃ).

GUARDEDLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 sāvadhānam;
     3 vimṛśya.

GUARDIAN:
     I Protector: q.v.:
     1 rakṣakaḥ;
     2 rakṣitṛ (m.);
     3 goptṛ (m.);
     4 gopāyakaḥ, of the g. s of the three worlds: gopāyakānāṃ bhuvanatrayasya, Ki.
     II Of a minor or female: rakṣakaḥ, the husband is the g. of a married woman (lit. in youth): bhartā rakṣati yauvane, H.

GUARDIANLESS: anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ); arakṣakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

GUARDIANSHIP:
     I Care, defence: rakṣā.
     II The office: rakṣakapadam (?).

GUAVA:
     1 añjīram;
     2 ātralam (?) (comp. H. āmarul).

GUDGEON: kṣudramatsyabhedaḥ.

GUERDON: phalabh: v. Reward.

GUESS (subs.):
     1 ūhaḥ: v. Conjecture;
     2 śaṅkā (= apprehension).

GUESS (v.):
     1 śaṅkate ā-, (śaṅk, c. 1.) (= to apprehend: q.v.);
     2 tarkayati vi-, (tark, c. 10.): v. To conjecture;
     2 anumimīte, (, c. 3.) (= to infer: q.v.);
     4 ūhate (ūh, c. 1.), B.

GUEST:
     1 atithiḥ (= one who comes unasked), make (him) the g. of the abode of Death: vidhehi kīnāśaniketanātithibh, Si.;
     2 nimantritaḥ (tā taṃ) (= invited), C.;
     3 abhyāgataḥ (tā taṃ) (= visitor);
     4 prāghūrṇikaḥ (=1. rare);
     5 prekṣakaḥ (= spectator), U. vii.

GUIDANCE: expr. by upadeśaḥ or śāsanam: v. Advice, counsel.

GUIDE (subs.):
     I To a place:
     1 adhvadarśin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. I myself would be your g.: ahabheva bhaveyamadhvadarśī, D. vi.;
     2 pathopadeśakaḥ, Ra. iv.
     II Adviser, leader: q.v.: upadeṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī).

GUIDE (v. t.):
     I To lead: q.v.:
     1 nayati (, c. 1.);
     2 pathaṃ darśayati (c. of dṛś) or upadiśati (diś, c. 1.).
     II To direct:
     1 upadiśati;
     2 śāsti anu-, (śās, c. 2.): v. Also to control.

GUIDE-POST: pathadarśakakāṣṭham (?).

GUIDER: v. Guide (subs.)

GUILD: śreṇī, (?) vaṇikasamājaḥ (?).

GUILDHALL: pauraśālā; śreṣṭhisaṅgamaḥ.

GUILE:
     1 māyā;
     2 kapaṭam: v. Deceit, cunning.

GUILEFUL:
     1 māyin (f. );
     2 kāpaṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Deceitful.

GUILELESS:
     1 amāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ): v. Simple, honest.

GUILELESSLY
     1 niṣkapaṭam;
     2 māyāṃ vinā: v. Sincerely.

GUILELESSNESS:
     1 niṣkapaṭatā;
     2 amāyatāḥ
     3 ajihmatā.

GUILLOTINE: galakṛntanam; śiraśchedayantram.

GUILT:
     I Crime: q.v.:
     1 aparādhaḥ;
     2 pāpam.
     II Criminality.: expr. by crime: my g. has fallen on another's shoulders: mayā kṛtaṃ pāpamanyasya mastake nipatitam, Mr. ix.

GUILTILY:
     1 sāparādham;
     2 sapāpam: v. Wickedly.

GUILTINESS:
     1 aparādhitā;
     2 kṛtāparādhatā;
     3 by adj.

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GUILTLESS:
     1 niṣpāpaḥ (pā paṃ), g. livelihood: niṣpāpā vṛttiḥ, Raj.;
     2 apāpaḥ (pā paṃ), thousands of g. men: apāpānāṃ sahasrāṇi, Mr. ix.;
     3 niraparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ): v. Innocent.

GUILTLESSNESS:
     1 niṣpāpatā;
     2 niraparādhatā.: v. Innocence.

GUILTY:
     1 pāpin (f. ), the love of the g. couple: pāpinoḥ prema tattayoḥ, Raj.;
     2 pātakin (f. ), this g. Brahmin: ayaṃ hi pātakī vipraḥ, Mr. ix.; g. of heinous offences: mahāpātakin, V. s.;
     3 aparādhin, (f. ), I am surely g.: aparādhī nūnamaham, V. ii.;
     4 kṛtāparadhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     5 labhāparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ).

GUINEA: svarṇamudrāviśeṣaḥ; *prācīnamudrāviśeṣaḥ.

GUINEA-FOWL: *citrakukkūṭaḥ.

GUINEA-PIG: *binduśūkaraḥ.

GUISE:
     1 veṣaḥ: v. Dress;
     2 chahman (n.): v. Disguise.

GUITAR: *ṣaḍtantrī; hispānaparivādinī: v. Lute.

GULF:
     I An abyss: q.v.: khātam.
     II A bay:
     1 mahākhātam (?);
     2 upasāgaraḥ (?).

GULFY: ghūrṇimayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

GULL (subs.):
     1 gaṅgācillī;
     2 jalakukkūṭī.

GULL (v.): v. To delude, cheat.

GULLET: galaḥ, does not go below the g.: viśatyadhogalānna. K.

GULLIBILITY: expr. by circumlo.

GULLIBLE: yat śṛṇoti tat śraddadhati: v. Credulous, silly.

GULLY: praṇalī: v. Channel.

GULLY-HOLE: praṇālīmukham (?) and sim. comp.s.

GULP (v.): g. down: grasate (gras, c. 1.): v. To swallow. G. up: udgirati (tṝ, c. 6.): v. To disgorge.

GULP (subs.):
     I A swallow: grāsa.
     II G. ing up.: udgiraṇam.

GUM (subs.):
     I Of the mouth:
     1 dantaveṣṭaḥ, whose g. s suddenly bleed: śoṇitaṃ dantaveṣṭebhyo yasyākasmāt pravartate, Bha.;
     2 dantamāṃsam.
     II Of trees: niryāsaḥ (?).
     III For gumming: *gomam. G. boil: dantapuppuṭaḥ, Bha.

GUM (v. t.): *gomayati (nomi.): v. To glue.

GUMMY: v. Viscous, adhesive.

GUN: 1. Cannon: *kāmānam, g. carriage: *kāmānayānam.
     II Musket: *bandukam. N.B. Under Mah. iii. 15. 5., Nil identifies mahāyantram with great and kṣudrayantram with small g. s., but without authority.

GUN-BARREL: *kāmānanālī.

GUN-COTTON: *sphoṭakayantram.

GUNNER: *kābhānikaḥ; kāmānādhikṛtaḥ.

GUNNERY: *kāmānavijñānam; āgneyāstravidyā.

GUNPOWDER: āgneyacūrṇam. Nil. uses āgneyauṣadham probably in this sense.

GUNSHOT:
     I Subs.: kāmānaviṣayaḥ.
     II Adj.: kāmānakṛtaḥ (ta taṃ).

GUNSMITH: bandukakāraḥ.

GUNWALE, GUNNEL: *kāmānadarśanam; uccadhārā.

GURGLE (v.): ghargharāyate (nomi.), g. stream: ghargharavā sarit, Mah. v. 19. athāhaṃ pūryamāṇasya jalakubhmasya niḥsvanam | acakṣuviṣaye'śrauṣaṃ vāraṇasyeva bṛṃhitam, Ram.

GURGLE, GURGLING (subs.): ghargharāyitam ghargharaśabdaḥ and sim. comp.s.

GURNARD, GURNET: samudramatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

GUSH (subs.): pravāhaḥ: v. Flow, rush.

GUSH (v.): prapatati (pat, c. 1.): v. To Flow, rush.

GUSHING (adj.): i.e. soft-hearted: komalahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

GUST:
     I Of wind: caṇḍavātaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Enjoyment: sambhogaḥ.
     III Relish: svādaḥ.

GUSTO: ruciḥ: v. Taste, relish.

GUSTY: v. Stormy, tempestuous.

GUT (subs.): antrāṇi (n. pl.): v. Intestines.

GUT (v.):
     I Lit.: antrāṇi apanayati (, c. 1.), nirharati (hṛ, c. 1.), etc.
     II To plunder: luṇṭhati.

GUTTER:
     I Of a house: syandanikā, Mit.
     II A channel: praṇālī.

GUTTERAL: kaṇṭhya (f. ṇṭhyā), g. letter: kaṇṭhyavarṇaḥ. G. sound: kaṇṭhakuharam (rare).

GUZZLE (v.): atipānaṃ karoti: v. To drink.

GUZZLE, GUZZLER: atipāyin (f. ): v. Drunkard.

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GYMNASIUM: vyāyāmaśālā, school of g.: vyāyāmaśikṣāśālā.

GYMNASTIC (adj.): by comp., g. exercises: vyāyāmaḥ.

GYMNASTICS: dhāvanalakṣyābhiharaṇādikrīḍāḥ; vyāyāmaḥ (= exercise): v. Also wrestling, fencing.

GYMNOSOPHIST: yogin (f. ): v. Ascetic.

GYPSUM: prastaraviśeṣaḥ; *yākṣaḥ.

GYPSY: *yākṣa (f. kṣī).

GYRATION: ghūrṇīḥ: v. Rotation.

GYVE: nigaḍaḥ: v. Fetter, chain.


HA: ā: v. Oh.

HABEAS-CORPUS: *darśaśāsanam.

HABERDASHER: sūcyādikṣudrapaṇyavikretṛ (m.) or vikrayin (m.).

HABILIMENT: vasanam: v. Garment, dress.

HABIT:
     I Dress: q.v.: veśaḥ.
     II Condition, temperament: q.v.: avasthā.
     III Practice, custom:
     1 abhyāsaḥ (?);
     2 śīlam (?), of bad h. s: aśīlaḥ (lā laṃ), Ki. To be in the h. of: -śīlaḥ (lā laṃ) in comp.

HABIT (v.): v. To dress, clothe.

HABITABLE: vāsayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ): v. Inhabitable.

HABITANT: nivāsin (f. ): v. Inhabitant.

HABITATION:
     1 vasatiḥ, the h. of serpents: bhujaṅgamānāṃ vasatiḥ, R.;
     2 dhāman (n.), the h. of gods: tridaśadhāma, N.: v. Residence, house.

HABITUAL:
     1 nitya (f. tyā) (= every day);
     2 abhyāsajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (formed by habit) (?).

HABITUALLY:
     1 nityam;
     2 satatam (= constantly).

HABITUDE:
     I Familiarity: q.v.
     II Mode: prakāraḥ (?)

HABITUATE: abhyāsaṃ karoti: v. To accustom.

HACK (subs.):
     I A cut: q.v.:
     II A procuress: q.v.
     III A horse for hire: bhāṭakaghoṭakaḥ (?).

HACK (v.): vyava-chinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. Cut to pieces.

HACKNEY-COACH: bhāṭakayānam (?); gen. simp. yānam.

HACKNEYED (adj.):
     1 sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī) (= common);
     2 jīrṇa (f. rṇā) (= worn out);
     3 bahubhiḥ praṇītaḥ (tā taṃ) (of subjects), Ana;
     4 bahuprayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (of words, etc.).

HADDOCK: samudramatsyaviśeṣaḥ; *hāḍakaḥ.

HAFT: muṣṭiḥ v. Handle, hilt.

HAG:
     1 jaratī;
     2 rākṣasī (in contempt).

HAGGARD:
     I Emaciate, lean: q.v.: parikṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     II Wild, rough: q.v.

HAGGLE (v.): perh. kalahaṃ karoti.

HAH: āḥ: v. Oh.

HAIL (interj.): namaḥ (with dat.) "śikhine'nekaśikhāya te namaḥ", Ki.

HAIL (subs.):
     1 śilāvṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 karakāvṛṣṭiḥ, heavy h.: tumulakarakāvṛṣṭiḥ, Me. i. 55. H. water: karakājalam, Bha.

HAIL (v.):
     I To salute: q.v.: vandate (vand, c. 1.).
     II Of h.: expr. by subs. or varṣati, it h. ed heavily burning firebrands: jvaladbhiraṅgāracayairnabhastalaṃ vavarṣa gāḍham, Ku.

HAILSTONE:
     1 karakā;
     2 varṣopalaḥ and sim. comp.s.

HAILY: expr. by comp., h. shower: karakāvṛṣṭiḥ.

HAIR:
     I Of the head:
     1 keśaḥ, seizing by the h.: keśairgṛhītvā, P.; here they are dressing the h. of horses: ito'śvānāṃ keśakalpanā kriyate, Mr. iv.; the Śakas with short h, the Pāradas with flowing h.: arddhamuṇḍān śakān pralambakeśān pāradān, V.p. iv. 3.; arranging the h. in the folds of a peacock's tail: mayūrabarhibhaṅgyā keśpāśaṃ vidhāya, D.;
     2 kacaḥ;
     3 kuntalaḥ;
     4 cikṛraḥ;
     5 śiroruhaḥ mūrddhajaḥ, etc. (poet). The entire h. of the head:
     1 keśapāśaḥ;
     2 keśakalāpaḥ;
     3 kacaughaḥ, N.;
     4 cikuraprakaraḥ. N.; etc., (her) h. not very curly, thick, long and every one of them naturally equal, smooth, and black: anatibhaṅguro bahula āyāmavānekaikanisargasamasnigdhanīlo mūrddhajakalāpaḥ, D. vi. Matted or clotted h.: jaṭā -juṭaḥ; Curly h.:
     1 alakaḥ;
     2 cūrṇakuntalaḥ. H.; twisted together into a single braid: veṇiḥ (ṇī); to do so: veṇīṃ or śikhāṃ badhnāti, Me. A braid of h.: kavarī. Ornamental h.: dhambhillaḥ (rare.)
     II Of the body:
     1 ri(lo)man (n.), with gladdened h.: hṛṣṭaroman (mfn.), Ram.;
     2 bālaḥ (specially of an animal's tail), Ki.;
     3 tanu(nū)ruham (poet).
     III Of plants: keśa(sa)raḥ, Ph.: a h.'s breadth: rekhāmātramapi, R.

HAIRCLOTH: lo(ro)mapaṭaḥ (??).

HAIRDRESSER: keśakalpakaḥ: v. Barber.

HAIRINESS: lo(ro)maśatā -tvam: v. Hairy.

HAIRLESS:
     I Of the head:
     1 akeśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 keśahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp. s, like a crest on a h. head: śirasīva kaṅkaṇamapetamūrddhaje, Si. xv. 33.
     II Of the body: nirloman (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

HAIR-POWDER: keśacūrṇam (?).

HAIR-SPRING: *keśāgratāraḥ; sūkṣmatāraḥ.

HAIRY:
     1 lo(ro)maśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 lomāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

HALBERD: śūlaviśeṣaḥ.

HALCYON:
     I Subs.: matsyaraṅgaḥ: v. Kingfisher.
     II Adj.: v. Peaceful, happy.

HALE (adj.): susthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ): v. Healthy, robust.

HALE (v. t.): ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To pull.

HALF (subs.):
     1 arddham, h. the day is over: arddhaṃ gataṃ divasasya, V.; will take the other h.: aparamarddhaṃ gṛhṇīyuḥ, Da.; and its h. in width: tadardhena tu vistṛtā, A. p.;
     2 arddhabhagaḥ or ardhāṃśaḥ, with h. of it: tadarddhabhāgena, Ku. Ph.: in h., i.e. in two: dvidhā; each of them went halves with her: arddhārddhabhāgābhyāṃ tāmayojayatāmubhe, R. x. 56.

HALE (adj.): arddha (f. rddhā), h.-moon: arddhacandraḥ: v. Half(subs.)

HALF-AFRAID: bhītabhītaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xiv. 65.

HALF-BINDING: arddhacarmabandhanam (?).

HALF-BLOOD: v. Half-brother, half-sister.

HALF-BOOT: *āgulphapādukā.

HALF-BRED: arddhaśikṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?) (used in Bengali).

HALF-BROTHER:
     I By the same father:
     1 vaimātreyabhrātā;
     2 sāpatnaḥ (rare);
     3 anyodaryo bhrātā, Mit.
     II By the same mother;
     1 mātṛjo bhrātā, Mah.;
     2 anyapitṛjo bhrātā, K. b.

HALF-BURNT:
     1 arddhadagdha (f. gdhā) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 dagdhādagdha (f. gdhā), D.

HALF-CASTE: saṅkīrṇayoni (mfn.), M. x. 25.

HALF-COOKED: arddhasiddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ).

HALF-DEAD:
     1 arddhamṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 mṛtakalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ);
     3 mṛtaprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

HALF-DOZENTH: ṣaṣṭha (f. ṣṭhī): v. Sixth.

HALF-EATEN: arddhopabhuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), Ku. and sim. comp.s.

HALF-HEARTED: nihṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= without any heart).

HALF-HOLIDAY: in schools; perh. arddhānadhyāyaḥ.

HALF-LEARNED: v. Half-bred.

HALF-OPEN:
     1 arddhāvivṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s;
     2 sphuṭāsphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ).

HALF-PENNY: tāmramudrāviśeṣaḥ; *arddhapāṇiḥ.

HALF-SEAS-OVER:
     1 arddhamattaḥ (ttā taṃ);
     2 madhyena madena mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), Ni.

HALF-SISTER:
     I By the same father: vaimātreyabhaginī.
     II By the same mother: anyapitṛjā or mātṛjā bhaginī.

HALF-WAY (adv.): arddhapathe, V. =i. and sim. comp.s.

HALF-YEAR:
     1 ṣaṇmāsaḥ;
     2 arddhavarṣaḥ and sim. comp.s.

HALF-YEARLY:
     I Adj.:
     1 ṣāṇmāsikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 arddhavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     II Adv.: ṣaṇmāse ṣaṇmāse, M.

HALIBUT: samudramatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

HALL:
     1 śālā;
     2 sabhā (= public h.), the h. of Brahmā is not supported by columns: brāhmī sabhā stammairna dhṛtā, Mah.;
     3 caityam -kam (= religious h. of Buddhists), Mah. ii. 21. 19.

HALLELUJAH: īśvaragītam (?).

HALLOO (interj.):
     1 moḥ or bho or bho bho;
     2 haṃho.

HALLOO (v.): uccaiḥ śabdāyate (nomi.); v. To call.

HALLOW (v.): punāti (, c. 9.), mantrapūtaḥ (tā taṃ), K.: v. To sanctify.

HALLUCINATION: mativibhramaḥ: v. Delusion, dream.

HALM or HAUL: kāṇḍaḥ: v. Stalk, straw.

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HALO: tejas (n.), K.: v. Also glory.

HALT (v.):
     I To stop:
     1 avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.) (= to stay);
     2 viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.) (= to rest). H. ing place (for troops): niveśaḥ (= encampment), R. xvi. 29.
     II To hesitate: vicikitsati.
     III To limp: q.v.: laṅgati (laṅg, c. 1.).

HALT (subs.):
     I Stay, rest: avasthitiḥ.
     II Lame: laṅguḥ.

HALT, HALTING (adj.): paṅgu (mfn.): v. Lame.

HALTER (subs.):
     I Rope, noose: q.v.: rajjūḥ.
     II For the neck: kaṇṭhapāśaḥ.

HALTER (v.): kaṇṭhapāśena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (?): v. To bind.

HALVE (v.): arddhārddhaṃ karoti. H. ing it with the gambling-master: tadarddhaṃ sabhikāya dattvārddhaṃ svīkṛtya, D. ii.

HALVED (adj.): in botany: *arddhacchinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

HALVES: to cry h.: arddhaṃ mameti vadati (vad, c. 1.).

HAM:
     I The back of the knee: mandiraḥ.
     II The thigh: ūruḥ.
     III Of hog: *lāvaṇaśūkaroruḥ; śaukaram.

HAMLET: palliḥ -grāmaḥ: v. Village.

HAMMER (subs.):
     1 mudgaraḥ;
     2 ayodhanaḥ. (= forge-h.), R.

HAMMER (v.):
     I Lit.: mudgareṇa āhanti (han, c.: 2.).
     II To contrive: q.v.

HAMMOCK: *dolaśayanam.

HAMPER (subs.): peṭā peṭī peṭakaḥ, or peṭikā.

HAMPER (v.): niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To confine, fetter.

HAMSTER: *śarmaṇyamūṣakaḥ.

HAMSTRING (subs.): mandiraśirā.

HAMSTRING (v.):
     I Lit.: mandiraśirāḥ chinatti.
     II To disable: q.v.

HAND (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 hastaḥ, taking each other's h.: anyonyahastagrāham, Vi. v.; h. to h.: hastāhasti; this kingdom has fallen into the h. s of the king of Ashmaka: asmakendrasya haste rājyamidaṃ patitam, D. viii.; they touch each other's h. (= English shaking of h. s): anyo'nyaṃ hastaṃ spṛśataḥ, V. i.; who has earned the title of hero with his own h.: svahastārjitavīraśabdaḥ, R. ii. 64.; Chandragupta is now under (my) h.: hastatalagataḥ samprati candraguptaḥ, Mu.;
     3 karaḥ, taking (her) by the h.: [tāṃ] ādadānaḥ kareṇa, Ku. vii. 94.; carrying on one h...., on the other.... ekena... apareṇa ....kareṇa kalayantam, K.; right h.: dakṣiṇaḥ or vāmetaraḥ (= other than left) karaḥ, R. ii. 31.;
     3 pāṇiḥ, with a club in h.: daṇḍapāṇi (mfn.); pressing of h. s (i.e. marriage): pāṇipīḍanam, Ku.; this arm is strekSed, take (my) h. with (your) h. (in friendship): gṛhyatāṃ pāṇinā pārṇbihureṣa prasāritaḥ, Ram. iv. 4. 13. Ph.:
     1 to join the h. s: hastau samānayati, R. ii. 64. or gen. añjalirbaghnāti, M. n.; (b) fore h.: agrahastaḥ, Ku. v. 63.; (c) on the one.....on the other: ekataḥ......ekataḥ or anyataḥ, K.; (d) of on the other h..... atha yadi  ....., K.; (e) on all h. s.: sarvathā, K.; (f) at h.: pratyāsannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ), The time for going home is at h.: pratyāsīdati gṛhagamanakālaḥ, K.: v. Near; (g) in h.:
     1 lit. haste, ect.;
     2 fig. hastastha (f. sthā), hastagataḥ (tā taṃ), etc.; (h) from h. to h.: hastāddhastam or -ddhastāntaram; (i) h. in h.:
     1 =unitedly: q.v.: hastāhasti;
     2 =fit: q.v.; (j) to lend a h.: hastaṃ dadātiḥ v. To help; (k) off h.; out of h.: tvaritam:
     1 to live from h. to mouth: yadarjayati tadudarapūraṇāyaiva bhavati
     II Handwriting: hastaḥ, under his own h.: svahastaparicihnatiḥ (tā taṃ), Y. Ph.: he writes a good h.: śobhanaṃ hastalikhitaṃ tasya.
     III Of a clock: pradarśanī (?), hour -h.: *ghaṭikāpradarśanīḥ v. Gnomon.

HAND (v.):
     I To h. over: haste or kare or pāṇau dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To lead with the h.: hastena or kareṇa or pāṇinā gṛhītvā or ādāya nayati (, c. 1.).

HAND DOWN: Ph.: h. ed down by tradition: anekavṛddhaparamparāsamāgataḥ (tā taṃ), K.

HAND-BARROW: hastayānam.

HANDBELL: ghaṇyā (which is always used for h.).:

HANDBILL:
     I A hakSet: dātram.
     II A printed sheet: ghoṣaṇāpatram (?).

HAND-BOOK: upakramaṇikā, Vidyāsāgara.

HANDBREADTH: hastārddham (hastaḥ gen. =cubit).

HANDCUFF (subs.):
     1 hastaśṛṅgalam (?);
     2 hastabandhaḥ (?).

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HANDCUFF (v.): hastau badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or saṃyacchati (yam, c. 1.), h. ed on the back: paścādvāhubaddha (f. ddhā), Mr. x.

HANDFUL:
     I Lit.: muṣṭiḥ.
     II Fig.: expr. by few, small.

HAND-GALLOP: arddhapulāyitam (?), Si.

HANDICRAFT: śilpāṃ: v. Art, business.

HANDICRAFTSMAN: śilpin (m.): v. Artisan.

HANDIWORK:
     1 hastakarman (n.) (?);
     2 better by sim. hastaḥ.

HANDILY:
     1 kṛtahastatayā;
     2 hastalāghavena.

HANDINESS:
     1 kṛtahastatā;
     2 ladhuhastatā;
     3 hastalāghavam.

HANDKERCHIEF: *romālam; hastaketuḥ.

HANDLE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 muṣṭiḥ, the h. of swords and similar weapons is hilt: tsaruḥ khaḍgādimuṣṭau syāt, A.;
     2 daṇḍaḥ, h. of a plough: īṣādaṇḍaḥ;
     3 talaḥ or tālaḥ (rare).
     II Fig.: v. Tool. Ph.: to give a h.: avasaraṃ dadāti.

HANDLE (v.):
     I Lit.: perh. hastayati (nomi.): v. To touch.
     II Fig.: perh. hastayati: v. To manage, treat.

HANDMAID HANDMAIDEN: ceṭī.

HANDSOME:
     I Beautiful: q.v.:
     1 kāntimat (f. );
     2 lāvaṇyavat (f. ).
     II Ample, large: q.v.: yatheṣṭaḥ (ṣṭhā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Generous, liberal: q.v.: udāraḥ (rā raṃ).

HANDSOMELY:
     I Beautifully: q.v.: śobhanam.
     II Amply: yatheṣṭam.

HANDSOMENESS:
     I Beauty: q.v.
     II Generosity: udāratā.

HANDWRITING:
     1 hastākṣaram;
     2 hastalikhitam. Agreement of h.: hastasaṃvādaḥ, Mu. v. Is this the h. of Śakaṭa Dāsa: kiṃ śakaṭadāsena likhitam (?), Mu.

HANDY:
     1 kṛtahasta (f. stā);
     2 laghuhasta (f. stā): v. Dexterous.

HANG (v. t.):
     I To suspend:
     1 ni-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (= to put), on this (branch) bows have been hung: asyāṃ dhanūṃṣi nihitāni, Mah.;
     2 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (= to fasten: q.v.), hung banners: dhvajān babandhuḥ, B. iii. 5.
     II To kill by h. ing: udvadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), he h. s himself: ayamātmānamudvadhnāti, Mu. vi.; here I will kill myself. h. ing on this Aśoka tree with this creeper: tadihaivāśokapādape'nayā latayodvadhyātmānaṃ vyāpādayiṣyāmi, Ra. vii.
     III To lower: q.v.: namayati (c. of nam).
     IV To cover, adorn: q.v.: chādayati (chad, c. 10).

HANG (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 lambate pra-, (lamba, c. 1.) (= to dangle; h. down);
     2 plavate (pla, c. 1.) (= to float);
     3 tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (=to stay).
     II To h. on, to stick: sajjate ā-, (sañj, c. 1.), my heart h. s on her: āsajjate me hṛdayamasyām, D. vi.
     III To h. on or upon, to depend: avalambate, this action h. s on Chārudatta: vyavahāro'yaṃ cārudattamavalabhbate, Mr. ix.
     IV To h. to, to cling: q.v.: sajjate.
     V To h. over, impend:
     1 unnamati (nam, c. 1.) (= to rise);
     2 better by upari.
     VI To h. back, to be in suspense: dolāyate (nomi.): v. Also to hesitate, decline.

HANGDOG: nearest equiv. śvapacaḥ, Mah.

HANGER-ON: pādasevin (f. ) (?): v. Dependant.

HANGING (subs.):
     I Lit.: udvandhanam, one who dies by h.: udvandhanamṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), V. s.
     II That which is hung: perh. paricchadaḥ.

HANGING (adj.):
     1 lambamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 pralambaḥ (mbā mbaṃ);
     3 avanataḥ (tā taṃ) (= drooping).

HANGMAN: ghātakaḥ (= executioner): udvandhanaghātakaḥ (?).

HANKER AFTER: *lālāyate (nomi.) (with loc.): v. To long.

HANSOM, CAB: *aśramaḥ -yānam.

HAP: v. Chance, accident, fate.

HAP-HAZARD: at h.: yathā tathā; in a h. way: asamīkṣya.

HAPLESS: amāgaḥ (gā gaṃ): v. Unfortunate, unhappy.

HAPLY:
     1 daivāt: v. Accidentally;
     2 api nāma (= would it......).

HAPPEN:
     1 vartate (vṛt, c. 1.) (= to occur), we do not know what has h. ed to her: na vihmaḥ kiṃ tasyā vṛttamiti, K.;
     2 by bhavati (bhū, c. 1.) (= to be), what is to h. will h.: bhavitavyaṃ bhavatyeva, D. b.;
     3 patati ni- saṃ- ā-, (pat, c. 1.) (= to befall), alas! very bad has h. ed: aho kaṣṭataramāpatitam, K. N. B. when it h. ed to be=when it was is expr. by sim. loc.: v. When.

HAPPILY:
     I Luckily:
     1 saubhāgyena;
     2 diṣṭyā.
     II In a happy manner:
     1 sukhena;
     2 sukhānyanubhavat (f. ntī).

HAPPINESS:
     1 sukham (= pleasure), I seek neither h. nor wealth: na sukhaṃ prārthaye nārtham, Ki. xi. 66.;
     2 śreyas (m.) (= bless);
     3 santoṣaḥ (=contentment);
     4 saubhāgyam (= good fortune);
     5 śrīḥ (fortune).

HAPPY:
     I Fortunate; q.v.: dhanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ).
     II Good: q.v.:
     1 praśastaḥ (stā staṃ) (= commendable);
     2 śreyam (f. ) (rare), of this speech although h.: śreyaso'pyastha vacasaḥ, Ki. xi. 44.
     III Delighted: q.v.:
     1 sukhin (f. ), be delightedly h.: modamānaḥ sukhī bhava, Mah.;
     2 santuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= content).
     IV Able: q.v.: paṭu (f. also ṭvī).

HARANGUE (subs.): uccavacas (n.) (?): v. Speech.

HARANGUE (v.): h. d the populace: prajābhyo bhāratīṃ vyāharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (?).

HARANGUER: expr. by circumlo.

HARASS (v.):
     I To fatigue: q.v.: khedayati (c. of khid).
     II To annoy:
     1 bādhate pra- pari-, (bādh, c. 1.);
     2 ardati or ardayati -te (ard, c. 1. and 10.), D. vii.: v. To trouble.

HARASSING (adj.):
     1 khedajananaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Fatiguing;
     2 kleśakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Troublesome.

HARBINGER:
     1 agresaraḥ;
     2 dūtaḥ (= envoy).

HARBOUR (subs.):
     I Refuge: śaraṇam.
     II A port: *kroḍaḥ.

HARBOUR (v.):
     I To shelter, protect: q.v.
     II To take shelter: vasati (vas, c. 1.), I. will h. here one night: atraikāṃ rajanīṃ vasāmi, K. s. 18. 225.: v. To stay, reside.

HARBOURAGE: āśrayaḥ.: v. Shelter.

HARBOUR-MASTER: *kroḍanāyakaḥ.

HARD (adj.):
     I To the touch:
     1 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (best equiv.), with h. limbs: kaṭhinaiḥ śarīraiḥ;
     2 kaṭhoraḥ, h. er than adamant: vajrādapi kaṭhorāṇi, U.
     II Fig.: hard-hearted: q.v.: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ).
     III Difficult: q.v.:
     1 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ), sometimes they are ambiguous and h.: kvacidvakratā kaṭhinatā ca, Pra.;
     2 kaṭhoraḥ (rā raṃ), with h. argumentative discourses: kaṭhoratārkikālāpaiḥ.
     IV Trying, distressing:
     1 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ), very h. pain: nitāntakaṭhināṃ rujam,
     V ii.;
     2 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Pitiable, wrekSed.
     V =excessive: q.v.
     VI Of wines: perh. karkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ).

HARD (adj.):
     I Diligently: q.v.: āyāsena. H.-fought battle: bhīṣaṇaṃ or ghoraṃ yuddham.
     II With difficulty: q.v.: kaṣṭena. He is h. up for money: dhanābhāvena kliśyati.
     III Excessively: q.v.: nitāntam. To drink h.: atipānaṃ karoti; h. by: atisannihitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Rapidly: q.v.: śīghram.

HARDEN:
     I Trans:
     1 kaṭhinīkaroti, Ki. i. 36.;
     2 kaṭhinaṃ (f. nāṃ) karoti.
     II Intrans:
     1 kaṭhinībhavati;
     2 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) bhavati.

HARD-HEARTED:
     1 kaṭhinahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), K.;
     2 kaṭhinacetas (mfn), Ve. vi. and sim. comp.s.;
     3 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ), women are surely h.: kaṭhināḥ khalu striyaḥ, Ku. iv. 5.;
     4 kaṭhoraḥ (rā raṃ), o, h.: ayi kaṭhora, U. iii. 27.;
     5 niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Cruel.

HARD-HEARTEDNESS:
     1 kaṭhinahṛdayatā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 kāṭhinyam;
     3 naiṣṭhuryam: v. Cruelty.

HARDIHOOD: sāhasam: v. Boldness.

HARDLY:
     I With difficulty: q.v.: kathamapi.
     II Scarcely: kaṣṭena.
     III Harshly: q.v.:
     1 kaṭhinam;
     2 kaṭhoram.

HARD-MOUTHED: kaṭhinamukhaḥ (khā khaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

HARDNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 kaṭhinatā or kāṭhinyam;
     2 kaṭhoratā (rare).
     II Harshness, insensibility:
     1 kaṭhinatā, leave off h.: jahihi kaṭhinatām. Ki. x. 51.;
     2 kaṭhoratā (rare).
     III Difficulty of comprehension or accomplishment: kaṭhinatā.
     IV Hardship: q.v.:

HARDSHIP:
     1 kaṣṭam, I got this h.: idaṃ kaṣṭamupāgamam, K.s.;
     2 kleśaḥ (= trouble: q.v.), do not think of this h.: imaṃ parikle śaṃ hṛdi mā kṛthāḥ, Mah.;
     3 duḥkham (= pain), putting (you) into such h.: īdṛśaṃ duḥkhamānīya, Mah.; the h. s met in the (forest) Daṇḍaka: daṇḍakāyāṃ prāptāni duḥkhāni, R.

HARDWARE: lohabhāṇḍāni (n. pl.). H. manufacturer: lohamāṇḍakāraḥ.

HARD-WORKING (adj.): pariśramin (f. ṇī): v. Industrious.

HARDY:
     I Bold, confident: q.v.: sāhasin (f. ).
     II Strong, inured to fatigue: q.v.: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ).

HARE: śaśaḥ -kaḥ, h.'s horn (any improbability): śaśaviṣāṇam; h.-spotted (the moon): śaśāṅkaḥ; h. (i.e. h.'s flesh) is cool, light, sweet: śaśaḥ śīto laghuḥ svaduḥ, Bha.

HAREBELL: nīlamasīraso latāviśeṣaḥ *kṣīravallī.

HARE-BRAINED: capalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Rash, giddy.

HARE-LIP: śaśoṣṭhaḥ (?); chinnoṣṭaḥ (?).

HAREM:
     I The place:
     1 avarodhaḥ;
     2 śuddhāntaḥ;
     3 antaḥpuram.
     II The female:
     1 avarodhaḥ, although his h. was large: avarodhe mahatyapi, R. i. 32,;
     2 avarodhavadhvaḥ (f. pl.), Si.

HARK:
     1 śṛṇu;
     2 ākarṇaya;
     3 niśāmaya.

HARLEQUIN: bhaṇḍaḥ: v. Jester, buffoon.

HARLOT:
     1 veśyā;
     2 paṇyastrī: v. Prostitute.

HARLOTRY:
     I Of women: veśyāvṛttiḥ.
     II Of men: veśavadhūpabhogaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

HARM (subs.): apakāraḥ: v. Damage, injury.

HARM (v.): apakarotiḥ v. To damage, injure.

HARMFUL: hiṃsra (f. srā): v. Hurtful, injurious.

HARMLESS:
     I Innocent: q.v.: niraparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ).
     II Unhurt: akṣataḥ (tā taṃ).

HARMLESSLY:
     1 niraparādham: v. Innocently;
     2 akṣatam (= unhurt).

HARMLESSNESS: miraparādhatā (not ahiṃsā which is active virtue).

HARMONIC, -AL:
     1 raktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 śliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), and the h. sound of lute: śliṣṭañca tantrīsvanam, Mr. iii. 5.;
     3 ekatālaḥ (lā laṃ) or ekatānaḥ (nā naṃ) (= in unison).

HARMONICALLY: raktam, h. and sweetly: raktañca madhurañca, Mr.

HARMONICS: rāgāḥ (m. pl.), to know h.: rāgān jānātiḥ v. Music.

HARMONIOUS:
     I HARMONIC: q.v.
     II Sweet, melodious: q.v.: madhuraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Symmetrical: sarvaṅgasaṃvādin (f. ) (?).

HARMONIOUSLY:
     I Of sounds:
     1 raktam;
     2 madhuram: v. Sweetly.
     II Symmetrically: expr. by adj.

HARMONIUM: a musical instrument *harmyonaḥ.

HARMONIZE: expr. by adj., the tones h.: śliṣṭāḥ svarāḥ; the arguments h.: saṃvasanti tarkāḥ: v. To agree; h. the sound: nādaṃ raktaṃ kuru (?).

HARMONY:
     I Of sounds:
     1 raktam "raktaṃ nāma veṇuvīṇādisvarāṇāmekībhāvaḥ", Narada;
     2 ekatālaḥ (naḥ) (= unison: q.v.).
     II Melody, sweetness: q.v.: mādhuryam.
     III Agreement, symmetry: sarvāṅgasaṃvaditā. (?).
     IV Peace, friendship: aikyam: v. A literary work: *aikyadarśanam.

HARNESS (subs.): (aśva-) sajjā and sim. comp.s.

HARNESS (v.):
     I To equip.: sajjīkaroti.
     II To yoke: rathaṃ yunakti or yojayati (yṛj, c. 7. and 10.), h. ed chariot: yukto rathaḥ, Ram. ii. 13. 23.

HARP (subs.): *tribhujavīṇāḥ v. Lute.

HARP (v.):
     I Lit.: vādayati (c. of vad): v. To play.
     II Fig.: to dwell tediously on the same theme: bhūyobhūyo gāyati (gai, c. 1.) (?).

HARPER, HARPIST: tribhujavīṇāvādakaḥ.

HARPOON:
     I Subs.: perh. śūlam.
     II Verb: śūlona gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

HARPOONEER, HARPOONER: śūlavedhakaḥ (?).

HARPY:
     I A fabulous monster: kṣudhā (??).
     II An extortioner, plunderer: q.v.: niṣkarṣakaḥ.

HARRIDAN:
     1 vṛddhaveśayā;
     2 vṛddhakuṭṭinī, K. s. xii. 79.: v. Prostitute, old.

HARRIER: śaśaśvan (m.): v. Hound.

HARROW (subs.):
     1 koṭi(ṭī)śaḥ;
     2 jityaḥ (rare);
     3 loṣṭabhedanaḥ, A.

HARROW (v.):
     I Lit.: koṭiśaṃ cālayati (c. of cal) (with loc.)
     II To rend, grind: pinaṣṭi nis- (piṣ, c. 7.).

HARROWER:
     I Properly: koṭiśacālakaḥ
     II =harrier: q.v.:

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HARROWING (adj.): aruntudaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Heartrending, horrible.

HARSH:
     1 karkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), h. like the lotus stalk: abhbhojanālakarkaśaḥ, Vi.; this man is h. (in appearance): karkaśo'yaṃ puruṣaḥ, D. iv.; h. to the ear: karṇakarkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), N.; this is the h. end of my peacefulness: eṣa bhe praśamasya karkaśaḥ pariṇāmaḥ, Vi. ii.;
     2 rūkṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ) (= rough), lotus-film is sweet (but) h. (in taste): bhṛṇālaṃ madhuraṃ rūkṣabh, Bha; in a h. tone: rūkṣeṇa svareṇa, Mah.; of exceedingly h. resolution towards the daughter of fanaka: janakātmajāyāṃ nitāntarūkṣāminiveśaḥ (śā śaṃ) R. xiv. 43;
     3 paruṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (of words), h. language: paruṣaṃ vākyam, Ram.: v. Also hard, cruel.

HARSHLY:
     1 karkaśam;
     2 rūkṣam;
     3 paruṣam, Mah. or paruṣākṣaram, R. (in harsh words): v. Also cruelly.

HARSHNESS:
     1 karkaśatā -tvam or kārkaśyam, R.;
     2 rūkṣtā or raukṣyam, forgive my h.: raukṣyaṃ me kṣamasva, R. xiv. 56.;
     3 paruṣatā or pāruṣyam (of language), h. is not good: paruṣatā na sādhvī, Ki. ix. 39.

HART:
     1 mṛgaḥ;
     2 hariṇaḥ;
     3 kuraṅgaḥ -maḥ.

HARVEST (subs.):
     I The season: lavaḥ, h. is the reaping time: lavaḥ śasyacchedanakālaḥ, Nil.
     II The crops: śasyāni (n. pl.).

HARVEST (v.): lunāti (, c. 9.), in sowing, in h. ing: vapane lavane, Pa: v. To reap.

HARVESTER:
     1 lāvakaḥ, N. d.;
     2 lavanakartṛ (f. trī), K. b.: v. Reaper.

HARVEST-HOME: navānnam (?).

HASH (subs.): kuṭṭitaṃ siddhamāṃsam (?); vesavāraḥ, Sr.

HASH (v.): kuṭṭayati (kuṭṭ, c. 10.): v. To chop, mince.

HASP: kuḍupaḥ (?).

HASSOCK:
     1 kaṭaḥ;
     2 kuśāsanam (used by Brahmins).

HASTE (subs.): tvarā, of doubled speed from h.: tvarādviguṇaraṃhas (mfn.), Ku. ii. 68.; to make h.: v. To haste; in h.: v. Hastily.

HASTE, HASTEN (v.):
     I Intrans: tvarate (tvar, c. 1.), h., h. the sages are calling: tvarasva tvarasva ṛṣayaḥ śabdāyante, Sa.: v. Also to fly, run.
     II Trans:
     1 tvarayati (c. of tvar), who h. s crowds in the way: vṛndāni tvarayati pathi, Me.; h. his dinner: tvarayāsya bhojanam, v. ii.

HASTILY:
     1 tvaritam;
     2 satvaram;
     3 tvarānvitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s, Ram. ii. 13. 20.;
     4 kṣipram: v. Quickly. Ph.: should not do a thing h.: sahasā vidadhīta na kriyām, Ki. ii. 30.

HASTINESS:
     I Haste: tvarā.
     II Rashness: q.v.: asamīkṣya- or āvimṛṣyakāritā.
     III Irritability: śīghrāgitā, and sim. comp.s.

HASTY:
     I Quick: q.v.: tvaritaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Rash: q.v.: asamīkṣya- or avimṛṣya-kārin (f. ṇī),
     III Of words: avimṛṣya (f. ṣyā) or anyāya-, in comp. (= unjust).

HAT: pāścātyaśiraskam: v. Cap, turban.

HATCH (v. t.):
     I Lit.: bibharti (bhṛ, c. 3.), ants h. but do not break their eggs: aṇḍāni bibhrati svāni na bhindanti pipīlikāḥ, Mah.
     II Fig.: to contrive, form: q.v.: saṃ-kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).

HATCH (subs.): in a deck: *praveśapidhanam. To be under the h. s: (lit.) avaruddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ); (fig.) avasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

HATCHET: ṭaṅkaḥ, cut with axes, and h. s and with bills.: kṛṭhāraiṣṭaṅkaiśca dātraiścaiva pracicchiduḥ, Ram.

HATE (subs.): v. Harted.

HATE (v.):
     1 dveṣṭi vi-, (dviṣ, c. 2.), h. s beautiful (things): ramyaṃ dveṣṭi, Sa.; bad men h. the doings of the great: dviṣanti mandāścaritaṃ mahātmanām, Ku.;
     2 jugupsate (jugups, c. 1.) (stronger than h. ing);
     3 ghṛṇāṃ karoti.

HATEFUL (adj.):
     I Malignant: q.v.: with h. eyes: videṣacakṣuṣā.
     II Hated, odious:
     1 ghṛṇitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ghṛṇārha (f. rhā);
     3 garhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 nirghṛṇa (f. ṇā), where all practices are more h. than the hearts of people: lokahṛdayebhyo nirghṛṇatarasarvasaṃvyavahāram, K. ii.

HATEFULLY:
     I With hate:
     1 sadveṣam;
     2 dveṣabhāvena;
     II Odiously:
     1 ghṛṇitam;
     2 garhitam;
     3 jugupsitam.

HATEFULNESS:
     I Lit.: dveṣitā vi-,
     II Hatedness:
     1 ghṛṇitatā;
     2 garhitatā.

HATRED:
     1 dveṣaḥ vi-, one who does good to a king becomes the object of h. with the people narapatihitakartā dveṣyatāṃ yāti loke, P. i. 3.
     2 ghṛṇā, and expressed h. for the sound of the lute: ghṛṇāñca vīṇākvaṇitaṃ vitene, N. iii. 60.;
     3 jugupsā (= abhorrence).

HAUGHTILY:
     1 uddhatam;
     2 sāvalepam;
     3 sāṭopam.: v. Also proudly, insolently.

HAUGHTINESS:
     1 auddhatyam;
     2 avalepaḥ (= arrogance);
     3 utsekaḥ (= inflatedness);
     4 mānitā abhi-, (= pride).

HAUGHTY:
     1 uddhataḥ (tā taṃ), struck with the h. words of the Kirāta: kirātasya vacobhiruddhataiḥ parāhataḥ, Ki. xiv. i.;
     2 utsiktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), on the one hand, from the arrival of the h. mine of penances and powers: utsiktasya tapaḥparākramanidherabhyāgamādekataḥ, Vi. ii. 22: v. Also arrogant, proud, insolent.

HAUL (v.): ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To pull. Ph.: to h. the wind: vātābhimukhīkaroti.

HAUL (subs.):
     I A pull: q.v.
     II Of nets: kṣepaḥ.

HAULM: kāṇḍaḥ: v. Stalk.

HAUNCH (subs.):
     1 jaghanam, I will eat the h. of the dog: bhakṣayiṣye śvajāghanīm, Mah. s. 141. 71.;
     2 nitabhbaḥ;
     3 utsaṅgaḥ.

HAUNT (v.): sevate ni-, (sev, c. 1.), h. ed by ghosts: bhūtasevitaḥ (tā taṃ).

HAUNT (subs.): expr. by verb: v. Also refuge.

HAVE:
     I To possess:
     1 asti (with gen. of the person h. ing: often understood), I h. no other friend like you: na tvatsamo'nyo'sti mama suhṛd, P. ii. 1.; I h. something more to ask: asti no'nyadapi praṣṭavyam, Sa.; I h. no doubts as to her divinity: na hi me saṃśītirasya divyatāṃ prati, K.;
     2 vartate (vṛt, c. 1.) or
     3 vidyate (vid, c. 4.) (with sim. comps.: not so common), for even good (men) h. fear from the mischievous: vidyate hi nṛśaṃsebhyo bhayaṃ guṇavatāmapi, H.; you h. manliness: vidyate pauruṣaṃ tava, K. s. 10. I.;
     4 by bah.: bad men h. divine eyes to see others' faults: usādhavaḥ paradoṣekṣaṇadivyacakṣuṣaḥ, Si.; you h. no beginning, no end: tvamanādirnirantakaḥ, Ku.
     II To accept, obtain: q.v.: labhate, "wilt thou h." him: sa kiṃ lapsyate, D. iii.
     III To be under necessity: expr. by fut. pass. part., I h. to go there: mayā tatra gantavyam; I. h. to ask this: praṣṭavyametanmayā.
     IV To cause, procure: expr. by causal: v. To get. (III). H. on: dadhati or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. To wear.

HAVEN:
     1 kroḍaḥ (?);
     2 kolaḥ (?).

HAVERSACK: bhastrā: v. Bag, sack.

HAVING:
     1 by bah.: h. four arms: caturbhujaḥ (jā jaṃ); h. great wealth: bahudhanaḥ (nā naṃ); h. rags on: ciravāsas (mfn.); affixes vat or mat (f. ), in (f. ), or rarely vin or min (f. ) (v. s. k. for their use), h. good qualities: guṇavat (f. ); h. a hump: kakuhmat (f. ); h. sons: putrin (f. ṇī); h. good memory: medhāvin (f. ); h. cattle: gomin (f. ): v. Also endowed with.

HAVOC: dhvaṃsaḥ vi-: v. Destruction, waste, slaughter.

HAW;
     I A hedge: vṛtiḥ.
     II A fruit: -phalam.

HAWK (subs.):
     I The bird: śayenaḥ (= falcon); śaśaghātakaḥ, Bha.
     II A board: phalakam.

HAWK (v.):
     I To cakS with h.: śayenaṃ muktvā pakṣiṇo gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To sell by h. ing: mārgeṣu ghoṣayan vikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.).
     III To force up: utkāsayati (c. of kās).

HAWKER: udghoṣavikrayin (f. ṇī) (?).

HAWK-EYED: sūkṣmadarśina (f. ): v. Keensighted.

HAWSER: dṛḍhavaratrā, Mah.: v. Cable.

HAWTHORN: a tree: hagakaṇṭakaḥ.

HAY: śuṣkatṛṇam, h.-cock: tṛṇarāśiḥ or -citiḥ; h.loft: tṛṇakoṣṭhaḥ; h.-maker: tṛṇaśoṣakaḥ (?); h.market: ghāsāpaṇaḥ (?); h.-rick, h.-stock: tṛṇarāśiḥ: v. Also grass, fodder. Ph.: make h. while the sun shines:. yathāvasaraṃ kāryasiddhiṃ kūru (?).

HAZARD (subs.):
     I Danger: saṅkaṭam.
     II Chance: q.v.

HAZARD (v.):
     I To risk:
     1 saṅgaṭe kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     2 saṃśayasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ) karoti.
     II To venture: sāhasaṃ karoti.

HAZARDOUS:
     I saṅkaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ);
     2 sandigdhaḥ (gdhā gdhaṃ) (= doubtful): v. Also dangerous.

HAZARDOUSLY:
     1 sasaṅkaṭam;
     2 sasāhasam (= boldly);
     3 sasaṃśayam (=doubtfully).

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HAZE:
     I Lit: kujbhkaṭikā: v. Fog.
     II Dimness: q.v.:

HAZEL (subs.): a plant: h.-nut: *koralabādāmaḥ.

HAZEL (adj.): kapiśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Tawny, brown.

HAZY: sadhūmaḥ (mā maṃ) (= smoky: lit. and fig.).

HE:
     I Pron.:
     1 tad (= that), I am he: eṣo'smi saḥ, Mu. vii. 4.; here is he: ayaṃ saḥ, Sa.; he also: so'pi, D.;
     2 adas, which of them is he: katamo'sau, D.; what he would have done to you: tvayyasau yadakariṣyat, K.
     3 idam (= this), is he a new-comer: kimayamāgantukaḥ, Mu.;
     4 etad, (= this: q.v.);
     5 not expr. when the meaning is clear, moreover he is cruel: aparañca krūraḥ, P. Ph.: things he is a Śudra: śūdro'hamiti manyate, G. p.: v. That.
     II He who, he that: yad....tad: v. Who.
     III A male: q.v.: expr. by m. gender: he-goat: chāgaḥ.

HEAD (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śiras (n.), the h. aches: śiro rujati, Sr.; with a shake of the h.: saśiraḥkampam, Ve.;
     2 mūrddhan (m.), three-h. ed: trimūrddhan (mfn.), Vi.;
     3 mastakam, I will hash your h.: mastakaṃ te kuṭṭayiṣyāmi, Mr.;
     4 śīrṣam, with the frightful h. s. cut off: chinnaiḥ śīrṣairbhayaṅkaraiḥ, A. r.;
     5 muṇḍam (in contempt), shaving the h.: muṇḍaṃ muṇḍayitvā, Mu.;
     6 tuṇḍam (rare), the h. is grey: palitaṃ tuṇḍam, J.
     II Chief, leader: q.v.: agraṇī. Ph.: the h. of the atheists: nāstikaśiromaṇiḥ, Da.
     III Of things: agram. Ph.: at the h. of a battle: raṇaśirasi raṇamūrddhani, etc.; h. of a mount: girimūrddhā; h. of a wound: vraṇamukham, Ki.
     IV Source: q.v.
     V A topic of discourse: viṣayaḥ.
     VI Intellect: q.v.:
     VII An individual: q.v.:
     VIII Force, strength: q.v. Ph.: to come to a h. (of wounds): pākaṃ vrajati; h. or tail: eṣa pārśvo'nyo vā (?).; neither h. nor tail: na kiñcidapi; to one's h.: samakṣam; to make h.: v. To advance.

HEAD (adj.): only in comp.s.: mukhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ): v. Chief.

HEAD (v.):
     I To lead, command: expr. by comp.s., an army h. ed by Atikāya: atikāyamukhaṃ balam, A.r.: v. Leader.
     II To behead: q.v.
     III To go in front of: puraḥ or agrataḥ gacchati.

HEADACHE:
     1 śirovedanā śiraḥpīḍā, and sim. comp.s., violent h.: prabalā śirovedanā, K.; I have got h. by looking into this picture: mabhedaṃ citraṃ paśyantyāḥ śīrṣavedanā samutpannā, Ra. ii.;
     2 śiraḥśūlam, (rare), D.;
     3 śirorogaḥ (= any disease of the head).

HEADBAND:
     1 śiroveṣṭaḥ -nam;
     2 śirobandhanam -nī; etc.

HEAD-DRESS: śirobhūṣaṇam: v. Also veil, turban, crest.

HEAD-FOREMOST: to fall h.: avamūrddhapātaṃ patati.

HEADLAND: perh. ṭaṅkaḥ (comp. ṭeṃka in Bengali).

HEADLESS: aśiras (mfn.) and sim. comp. s. H. trunk: kabandhaḥ.

HEADLONG (adv.): Headforemost: q.v.: avākśiras (mfn.) and sim. comp.s. (= with the head down).
     II Rashly, hastily: q.v.: sahasā.

HEADLONG (adj.):
     I Rash, reckless: q.v.
     II Precipitous: avasarpin (f. ṇī), Mat.

HEADMAN:
     1 mukhyaḥ;
     2 maṇḍalaḥ (of many Indian villages).

HEADQUARTERS: mukhyaniveśaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

HEADSHIP:
     1 prādhānyam;
     2 prabhutvam (= mastery).

HEADSTRONG: agracittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

HEAD-WIND: sabhmukhavātaḥ and sim. comp.s.

HEADY:
     I Rash, violent: q.v.
     II Of wines: ugraḥ (grā graṃ).

HEAL (v.t.):
     I Lit.: v. To cure.
     II Fig.: mārṣṭi or mārjayati pra-, (mṛj, c. 2. and 10): v. To reconcile, clean, wash.

HEAL (v. i.):
     1 śāmyati pra- upa-, (śam, c. 4.) (of wounds only), wounds of aged people quickly h.: vayaḥsthanāmāśu vraṇā rohanti, Sr.

HEALER:
     I Physician: q.v.
     II That which heals:
     1 -ghna (f. ghnī) in comp. (= killing);
     2 -hara (f. ) (= removing).

HEALING (subs.):
     1 śamaḥ or śāntiḥ or upaśāmaḥ;
     2 prati(tī)kāraḥ or pratikriyā (= remedying), for h. disease: pratīkārāya rogāṇām, Bha.;
     3 nāśaḥ etc. (= destruction), janavyādhividhvaṃsanāya, Bha.

HEALING (adj.):
     1 śāntikaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 śāntidaḥ (dā daṃ);
     3 śītaḥ (tā taṃ) (= cool). Ph.: the h. art: āmayānāṃ śamopāyaḥ, Bha.: v. Medicine.

HEALTH:
     1 ārogyam (best equiv.) (also arogitā or arogatā), strength, h.: śaktirāgogyam, Ph.: to recover h.: ārogyaṃ prāpnoti; to wish h.: ārogyamicchati, Kat.;
     2 svāsthyam, to keep h.: svāsthyaṃ rakṣati, Sr.;
     3 anāmayam (rare), says this, wishing you h.: anāmayapraśnapūrvakamidamāha, Sa. v. To be in good, bad h.: susthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ), a-: v. Well, ill.

HEALTHFUL:
     I Healthy: q.v.
     II Wholesome: q.v.

HEALTH-GIVING: svāsthyakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

HEALTHILY, HEALTHFULLY:
     1 sustham;
     2 nirāmayam; etc.

HEALTHINESS:
     I Of men:
     1 svāsthyam;
     2 arogitā and sim. comp.s.
     II Of places: expr. by adj.

HEALTH-OFFICER: svāsthyādhikṛtaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

HEALTHY:
     I Of men:
     1 susthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ);
     2 arogaḥ (gā gaṃ), nirāmayaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s. (= without disease);
     3 kuśalin (f. ) (= well: q.v.).
     II Of places:
     1 kṣemya (f. myā), M. vii. 212.;
     2 anāmayakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ), K. b. and sim. comp.s.
     III Of food:
     1 hitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= good: q.v.):
     2 pathya (f. thyā), Sr.: v. Wholesome.

HEAP (subs.):
     1 rāśiḥ, h. s. of jewels: ratnarāśīn, Si.;
     2 cayaḥ ni- saṃ-, h. of ashes: bhasmanāṃ cayaḥ, Ki.;
     3 puñjaḥ;
     4 pūgaḥ;
     5 stomaḥ: v. Also pile.

HEAP (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 rāśīkaroti pūgīkaroti, etc.;
     2 cinoti saṃ- ni- ā- pra- samā-, (ci, c. 5.): v. Also to collect.
     II Of favours etc.: varṣati (vṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To shower.

HEAR:
     I Lit.:
     1 śṛṇotti (śru, c. 5.), he h. s. without ears: śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ, S.; we h. he will go to hermitage: tapovanaṃ gamiṣyatīti śrūyate, Mu. iv.; I will h. their confidential talk: śṛṇomi viśvastakathitānyāsām, Sa. iii.;
     2 ākarṇayati sam-, (karṇa, c. 10.) (= perceive by the ear), h. ing the noise of geese: haṃsanādānākarṇayan, B. ii. 7;
     3 niśāmayati (śam, c. 10.) (rare), h. ing of the succes of enemies: niśamya siddhiṃ dviṣatām, Ki. i. 27.
     II To listen to: śṛṇoti, [princes] h. him who flatters day and night: tasya vacanaṃ śṛṇvanti yo'harniśaṃ stauti, K.; a king after rising is to h. about all receipts and disbursements: utthitena rājñā kṛtsnamāyavyayajātaṃ śrotavyam, D. viii.
     III In law: paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.) (= to see), he personally h. d complaints: sa svayaṃ vyavahārān dadarśa, R. xvii. 39.
     IV To receive letters: I have not h. d from him for a long time: *bahoḥ kālāt tasya patrāṇi na mayādhigatāni; distressed at not h. ing (of him) for good many days: bahudivasāpagame ca vārtayā vinottāmyantī, K. ii.: v. Also to learn.

HEARER
     1 śrotṛ (f. trī), you will get a h.: lapsyase śrotāram, Mu. l.;
     2 śrāvaka (f. vikā), all those h. s: sarvāneva tān śrāvakān, K.;
     3 śṛṇvat (f. ) (= actually hearing), to draw the hearts of the h. s: śṛṇvatāṃ mano hartum.

HEARING (subs.):
     I The act: śravaṇam, from first h.: prathamaśravāṇāt, M. n.: v. To hear.
     II The faculty;
     1 śravaṇaśaktiḥ;
     2 śrutiḥ.
     III An audience: q.v.: darśanam.
     IV Judicial: darśanam, of not h. or of h. improperly: adarśanānyathādarśanayoḥ, Mit.
     V Reach of the ear.: śravaṇaviṣayaḥ. Ph.: within h.: śravaṇagocaraḥ (rā raṃ); out of h.: asaṃśravaḥ (vā vaṃ); going beyond the h. of a cow's lowing: gorutāntaramatikramya, D.v.

HEARKEN: ākarṇayati (karṇ, c. 10.): v. Listen, hear.

HEARSAY: janaśrutiḥ: v. Rumour, Ph.: h. evidence: śrutasākṣyam (?), Mit.

HEARSE:
     1 śavayānam;
     2 pretaśakaṭam, Say.

HEART:
     I Lit.: hṛdayam or hṛd (n.), has any body two h. s: kiṃ kasyaciddhṛdayadvayaṃ bhavati. P. iv. 1.
     II Fig.:
     1 hṛdayam, touching the h.: hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī), Ki.;
     2 cetaḥ, the unsteady h. runs behind: dhāvati  paścādasaṃsthitaṃ cetaḥ, Sa.;
     3 manas. (n.), even at h.: manasāpi, R.: v. Mind.
     III The interior of anything: udaram, the h. of the city: purodaram, B. xiv. 10.
     IV Courage, spirit: q.v.: sattvabh, Ph.: take h.: praphullamanā bhava.
     V Real intention: abhiprāyaḥ, Ph.: to get by h.: kaṇṭhasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ) karoti; to have in h.: hṛdaye karoti; he has set his whole h. on it: sa sarvātmanaivāsminnimagnaḥ; he took it to h.: *idaṃ tasya hṛdayaṃ pasparśa or mano khedayāmāsa; I "find in the h." that he is a friend: *sa mitramiti hṛdayaṃ māṃ kathayati.

HEARTACHE: manastāpaḥ hṛdayasantāpaḥ, and sim. comp.s., yet his advancement gives wicked men h.: tathāpi tadunnatirasatāṃ hṛdrogakarī, Si. xvi. 22.

HEART-BREAKING: hṛdayabhedin (f. ): v. Heartrending.

HEART-BROKEN:
     1 magnahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 bhagnamānasaḥ (sā saṃ), Mah.; and sim. comp.s.

HEARTBURN:
     1 hṛdayajvālā;
     2 hṛddāhaḥ;
     3 manaḥsantāpaḥ (?), Bha.

HEARTBURNING:
     I Subs: v. Heartburn.
     II Adj.: santāpakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

HEART-FELT: hṛdayaṅgamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Sincere.

HEART-PEA:
     1 jyotiṣmatī;
     2 pārāvatāṃghrī;
     3 pārāvatapadī.

HEART-RENDING:
     1 hṛdayavidāraṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), Mu.;
     2 hṛdayacchid. (mfn), Ram.;
     3 hṛdayamarmacchid (mfn.), U.; and sim. comp.s.

HEART-WHOLE: akṣatahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

HEARTEN: āśvāsayati (c. of śvas): v. To cheer, encourage.

HEARTH:
     1 agnikuṇḍam;
     2 culliḥ (llī).

HEARTILY:
     I Freely, at pleasure:
     1 kāmam pra- ni-;
     2 yatheccham.
     II Vigorously: prayatnena.
     III Sincerely: q.v.
     IV Cordially: snehanirbharam (= affectionately), K.

HEARTINESS: manoyogaḥ: v. Zeal, devotion.

HEARTLESS: nirhṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Hardhearted.

HEARTLESSLY: expr. by adj.

HEARTLESSNESS: nirhṛdayatāḥ v. Hard-heartedness.

HEART'S EASE: a plant: oṣadhibhedaḥ.

HEARTY:
     I Sincere: q.v.: akṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Cordial:
     1 hṛdya (f. dyā);
     2 snehanirbharaḥ. (rā raṃ) (= affectionate).
     III Rich, abundant: q.v.: by adv., h. sleep.: prakāmaśayitavyam, Sa.
     IV Sound, firm: q.v.

HEAT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 tapaḥ ut- saṃ- abhi- pari- pra-, able to remove h.: tāpāpanodakṣamaḥ (mā maṃ), R.; from the h. of the sun: dinakaraparitāpāt, Ri.; the breeze cooled the h. of the ladies: kāntānāṃ santāpaṃ viramayati sma mātariśvā, Ki.;
     2 uṣṇaḥ (ṣmaḥ), do not care for cold or h.: gaṇayanti na śītoṣṇam, Mr.; overpowered with h.: uṣṇālu (mfn.), V.;
     3 grīṣmaḥ, pleasing in h.: grīṣmasukhaḥ (khā khaṃ), R.;
     4 gharmaḥ, eruptions from h.: gharmavicarcikā;
     5 nidāghaḥ (rare), the mine of h. (sun): nidāghadhāman (m.), Si.
     II Fig., vehemence, excitement: uttāpaḥ.
     III A course: caryā.
     IV As of youth.: madaḥ.

HEAT (v. t.):
     I Lit.: tāpayati or tapati saṃ- ut- pra- abhi- pari-, (tap, c. 10. and 1.), the earth is h. ed with the rays of the sun: sūryātapatāpitā mahī, Ri.; the h. ed water: taptaṃ vāri, V. II. Fig.: uttapati or -tāpayati: v. To inflame, excite.

HEATED: of animals: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).

HEATH:
     I A plant: *hīrakaḥ.
     II A desert: q.v.

HEATHCOCK: a bird: kāṣṭhakukkuṭaḥ. (?), Mat. 117. 52.

HEATHEN (subs.): mlecchaḥ (used by Hindus to other nations).

HEATHEN (adj.): mleccha- in comp., h. nations: mlecchajātayaḥ.

HEATHENISH:
     I Heathen: q.v.
     II Cruel, savage: q.v.

HEATHENISM: mlecchavyavahāraḥ: v. Also idolatry.

HEATHY: *hīrakācchannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ); jāṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= jungly).

HEATING (adj.): i.e. stimulating: dīpanaḥ (nī naṃ), Bha.

HEAVE (v. t.):
     I To raise: q.v.: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     II To cast: q.v.: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.). H. up: (a) to vomit: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.); (b) to raise: uttolayati (tul, c. 10.)

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HEAVE (v. i.):
     I To go up: unnamati (nam, c. 1.)
     II To palpitate: spandate (spand, c. 1.).
     III To pant: q.v.

HEAVEN:
     I The sky: q.v.: dyauḥ.
     II The blessed region:
     1 svargaḥ (best equiv.), as if from hell to h.: narakādiva svargam, D.;
     2 dyauḥ, if you seek h.: divaṃ yadi prārthayase, Ku.; the road to h.: divaṃgamo mārgaḥ, Mah.;
     3 tridiva (mn.), a ladder to h.: tridivaniḥśreṇiḥ, R.;
     4 svar in comp.s., the master of h.: svarpatiḥ, N.;
     5 nākaḥ, N.;
     6 vaikuṇṭham (= h. of Vishnu).
     III God: q.v.: bestowed by h.: devadattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), Ma.

HEAVEN-BORN: divijaḥ (jā jaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

HEAVENLY:
     1 svargīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 divyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ);
     3 apārthivaḥ (vā vaṃ), with h. flowers: kusumairapārthivaiḥ, R.; h. body: nakṣatram: v. Star.

HEAVENWARDS:
     1 svargābhimukham;
     2 divaṃ prati.

HEAVILY:
     I Lit.: guru;
     2 by adj.
     II Slowly: q.v.: mandaṃ mandam. III.: sorrowfully: q.v.: khinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

HEAVINESS:
     I Weight: gurutvabh -tā.
     II Sadness: viṣādaḥ.
     III Sluggishness: māndyam.
     IV Oppression: q.v.

HEAVY:
     I In gen.: guru (f. rvī), h. clothes: gurūṇi vāsāṃsi, Ri.; the h. er falls quicker: gurutaraṃ śīghraṃ patati, Go.; very h. clouds: gurutarā ghanāḥ, Ku. xiv. 50.; Sitā h. with child: garbhagurvī sītā, Sah.; beef is h.: gomāsaṃ guru, Bha.
     II Of rain, snow, etc.: mahat (f. ), h. rain: mahatī vṛṣṭiḥ, A.
     III Sad, oppressed: q.v.: stimitaḥ (tā taṃ), h. with care: cintāstimitaḥ (tā taṃ) K.
     IV Slow: q.v.: mandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ). Ph.: h. price: gurumūlyam (D. has laghīyasā mūlyena); h. (sea): ūrmisabhākulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Ruffled; h. sigh: dīrghaniḥśvāsaḥ.

HEAVY-HEADED:
     1 sthūlabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 mandadhī (n. dhi).

HEADOMADAL: sāptāhikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Weekly.

HEBRAIISM: *hibrubhāṣānusāriṇī vākapaddhatiḥ.

HEBRAIST: *hibrubhāṣājñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ), -viśāradaḥ (dā daṃ), etc.

HEBREW:
     I A jew: q.v.: *hibruḥ
     II The language: hibrubhāṣā.

HECATOMB:
     I Lit.: *śatagomedhaḥ.
     II Victim: q.v.: baliḥ.

HECTIC: v. Habitual. H. fever: tāpajvaraḥ. (?).

HECTOR (v.):
     I To boasta: q.v.
     II To vex: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.).

HECTOR (subs.): piṇḍīśūraḥ (?): v. Bully.

HEDGE (subs.): kaṇṭakavṛtiḥ: v. Fence.

HEDGE (v.): ā-vṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To fence.

HEDGEHOG: śasyamūṣikaḥ; Perh. śasyakaḥ "śvāvicchasyaka-", Sr.

HEDGE-SPARROW: kalaviṅkaḥ (??).

HEED (subs.):
     1 avadhānam;
     2 sāvadhānatāḥ v. Care.

HEED (v.): gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.): v. To care.

HEEDFUL: apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Careful.

HEEDLESS: pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Careless, rash.

HEEDLESSLY: pramattam: v. Carelessly, rashly.

HEEDLESSNESS: pramattatāḥ v. Carelessness.

HEEL (subs.): pārṣṇiḥ, to be at one's h. s.: pārṣṇi gṛhlāti (grah, c. 9.). H. of a shoe: talam (?). To show or take to the h. s.: palāyate: v. To flee. Neck and h. s.: āpādamastakam.

HEEL (v.): Of ships; to incline: expr. by vartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

HEEL:
     I Effort: q.v.: yatnaḥ.
     II Handle: muṣṭiḥ.

HEGIRA:
     I Lit.: mahammadīyaśakaḥ.
     II Flight, departure: q.v.

HEIFER: vatsataraḥ (f. ), U. (H) two years old: dvihāyanī, A.

HEIGH-HO: haṃho: v. O.

HEIGHT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ucchāyaḥ (or rarely ucchritiḥ), of great h.: mahocchrāyaḥ (yā yaṃ); and whose h. is three cubits: trikarocchritiśca, Li.;
     2 utsedhaḥ, M. n.;
     3 uccatā or rarely auccyam, Li.;
     4 tuṅgatā.: v. Also loftiness, tallness.
     II Fig.: expr. by the above words: v. Loftiness.
     III An elevated place:
     1 uccasthalī;
     2 unnatabhūmāgaḥ; etc.: v. Also summit.
     IV Utmost degree: expr. by adj.: in the h. of fever: prabale jvare; the h. of wisdom: paramaṃ jñānam: v. Extreme, acme.

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HEIGHTEN (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 uccīkaroti, etc.;
     2 by adj.: v. High.
     II To increase: q.v.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

HEINOUS:
     1 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ), h. sin: ghorapātakabh;
     2 dāruṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), on account of committing a h. offence: dāruṇāparādhitvena, Bha.

HEINOUSLY:
     1 ghoram;
     2 dāruṇam.

HEINOUSNESS:
     1 ghoratā -tvam;
     2 dāruṇatā -tvam.

HEIR, HEIRESS:
     1 uttaradhikārin (f. ṇī);
     2 ṛkthin (f. ) or ṛkthaharaḥ (rī raṃ), sons are father's h. s: putrā ṛkthaharāḥ pituḥ, M. ix. 185.;
     3 dāyādaḥ (dā daṃ) (applied also to all relatives);
     4 dhanādhikārin (f. ṇī), dhanamāj (mfn.), etc., sole h.: samagradhanabhāk; h. to one half: arddhaharaḥ, Da.: v. Also sharer.

HEIR-APPARENT: rājyabhāj (mfn.), h. to the crown of England: iṃlaṇḍarājyabhāk.

HEIRLESS:
     1 adāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ), Devala;
     2 dāyādaśūnyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ), Viv.

HEIRLOOM: expr. by kulakramāgataḥ (tā taṃ).

HEIRSHIP:
     1 uttarādhikāritvam -tā;
     2 dhanādhikāritvam tā, Sole h. to mother's property: sakalamātṛdhanādhikāritvam, Da.; etc.

HELL:
     1 narakaḥ, resident of the h.: narakavāsin, K.;
     2 nirayaḥ, leading to h.: nirayaphalaḥ (lā laṃ), D. ii.;
     6 pātālam, the heart of h.: pātālodaram, U. v. 14.;
     4 rasātalam, let caste go to h.: jātiryātu rasātalam, J. N. B. (1),
     2 = place of punishment; (3), (4)=lower world.

HELLEBORE: auṣadhīyavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

HELLENIC: *ailenīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); agrika- (Grecian) in comp.

HELLENISM: *ailenarītiḥ, this is a h.: *idramailenabhāṣānuvarti.

HELLENIST: *ailenavādin (m.).

HELLHOUND:
     I Lit.: narakaśvan (m.) and sim. comp.s. (?).
     II Fig.: ākrośakaḥ (?).

HELLISM: nārakaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Infernal, wicked.

HELM:
     I Of a vessel:
     1 aritram (= properly rudder: q.v.);
     2 kenipātaḥ;
     3 karṇaḥ, one who holds the h.: karṇadhāraḥ, H.
     II H. -et: q.v.

HELMET:
     1 śirastram or śirastrāṇam;
     2 śiraskam;
     3 śīrṣaṇyam.

HELOT: dāsaḥ (= slave: may be used lit. and fig.).

HELP (subs.): sāhāpyam: v. Assistance. H. h.: trāhi trāhi, V. p. or paritrāyasva paritrāyasva, Sa. vi.; there is no h. for it: asya pratikriyā nāsti.

HELP (v.):
     I To assist: sāhāyyaṃ (kaṃ) karoti, I will h. you: sāhāyyaṃ vaḥ kariṣyāmi,
     V p. v. 11. 5.; the spring will of course h. you: madhuste sahāya eva, Ku. iii. 21. Ph.: 'so h. me God' (in oaths): perh. prasīda bhagavan.
     II To avoid, prevent: q.v.: I cant's h. saying: mayāvaśya vaktavyam: v. Must; what can I h.: kiṃ karomi, K.; this evil cannot be h. ed (lit. has no remedy): niṣpratīkāreyamāpat, K.
     III At table: pariveṣayati (viṣ, c. 10.) (= to serve); perh. dadāti (, c. 3.).

HELPER:
     1 sahāyaḥ;
     2 sāhāyyakārin (m.)

HELPFUL: upayogin (f. ): v. Useful.

HELPING (adj.): to lend a h. hand: sāhāyyāya hastaṃ dadāti.

HELPLESS:
     I Needing help:
     1 nirāśrayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ);
     3 agatikaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II Beyond help: apratikārya (f. ryā).

HELPLESSLY: expr. by circumlo.

HELPLESSNESS:
     1 nirāśrayatā;
     2 anāthatā; etc.: v. Helpless.

HELPMATE, HELPMEET:
     1 sahadharmiṇī;
     2 sahadharmacāriṇī.

HELTER-SKELTER: yathā tathā: v. Also rashly.

HEM (subs.): daśā: v. Border, margin.

HEM (v.):
     I To sew the border: daśāṃ sīvyati (sib, c. 4.).
     II To h. in: niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To confine.
     III In speaking: utkāsate (kās, c. 1.) (?).

HEM (interj.): huṃ, Vi.

HEMIPLEGIA:
     1 pakṣāghātaḥ;
     2 pakṣavadhaḥ;
     3 arddhāṅgavātaḥ.

HEMISPHERE:
     1 arddhagolaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kapālaḥ, Su. v. 17.

HEMISPHERICAL: arddhagolākāraḥ (rā raṃ), and sim. comp.s.

HEMISTICH:
     1 arddhaślokaḥ;
     2 ślokārddhaḥ.

HEMLOCK: prob. śaktukaḥ, Bha.; viṣabhedaḥ.

HEMORRHAGE: raktasrāvaḥ and sim. comp.s.

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HEMORRHOIDS arśas (n.): v. Piles.

HEMP:
     I The plant. śaṇaḥ; śaṇapuṣpī (another variety).
     II The rind.

HEMPEN: śāṇa (f. ṇī), H. cord: śaṇasūtram.

HEN: 1. In gen.: kukkuṭī.
     II =she, female: q.v.: -vadhūḥ.

HENBANE: viṣabhedaḥ.

HENCE (interj.): apehiḥ v. Away.

HENCE:
     I Of place: itaḥ, will go from h.: ito gamiṣyāmi, Ku.
     II Of time itaḥ or ataḥ, five days h.: itaḥ pañcadinānābhapagame; a year h.: adya prabhṛti saṃvatsareṇa (lit. in a year from today), Mah.
     III Of reason: ataḥ, h. relatives wish a woman (to be) near her husband: ataḥ samīpe pariṇeturiṣyate... pramadā svabandhumiḥ, Sa. v.
     IV Of source: ataḥ or itaḥ, the demon h. receiving his fortune: itaḥ sa daityaḥ prāptaśrīḥ, Ku. ii. 55.

HENCEFORTH, HENCEFORWARD:
     1 itaḥ param;
     2 ataḥ param;
     3 adya prabhṛti (= from now).

HEN-COOP: kukkuṭapālikā (?)

HENDECASYLLABIC: ekādaśākṣaraḥ (rā raṃ).

HENPECKED:
     1 strīvaśya (f. śyā), you are also h. like Nanda and Vararuchi: tvamapi nandavararucivat strīvaśyaḥ, P. iv. 7.;
     2 strījitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 strīvidheyaḥ (yā yaṃ), Ram.

HEN-ROOST: kukkuṭanilayaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

HEPATIC: yakṛt- in comp.: v. Liver, belonging to.

HEPTAGON: saptabhujaḥ.

HLPTAGONAL:
     1 saptabhujaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 saptāsra (f. srā).

HEPTARCHY: *saptaśāsanam.

HER: v. She, his, he.

HERALD (subs.):
     1 kañcukin (= royal h.), Mu. iv.;
     2 ghoṣakaḥ, (= proclaimer).

HERALD (v.): ghoṣayati (ghuṣ, c. 10.): v. To announce, proclaim.

HERALDIC: h. distincitions: *kulacihnāni; h. delineation: *kṛlacihnaracanā.

HERALDRY: *kṛlacihnavidyā.

HERB:
     1 oṣadhiḥ;
     2 śākam (= vegetable).

HERBACEOUS: expr. by comp.s. or gen., h. plant: oṣadhiḥ.

HERBAGE:
     I Grass: q.v.: grazed tender h. navaśasyaṃ ceruḥ, V. p.
     II In law: cāraṇādhikāraḥ.

HERBAL: oṣadhīnāṃ vijñānam, Sr.

HERBALIST: oṣadhijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ) (?);
     2 oṣadhi vijñānavid (mfn.) (?).

HERBARIUM: *oṣadhiśālā.

HERBIVOUROUS: śākajambha (f. mbhā): v. Graminivorous.

HERD (subs.):
     I Flock: q.v.:
     1 yūtham;
     2 vṛndam;
     3 kadambakam.
     II Crowd: q.v.

HERD (v.): yūthena or saṅghaśaḥ carati saṃ-, (car, c. 1.).

HERDSMAN: rakṣakaḥ: v. Cowherd, shepherd, etc.

HERE:
     I In this place:
     1 atra,
     2 iha. Ph.: who is h.: kaḥ ko'tra bhoḥ. Sa.; look h. is the queen: paśyeyaṃ devī, Ra.; h. are we: ibhe smaḥ, Sa.
     II In this world:
     1 iha;
     2 ihaloke. Ph.: h. and hereafter: ubhayatra, Ki. or paratroha ca, R. or ihāmutra ca, S. p. H.....there:
     1 itaḥ.......itaḥ, h. a flock of deer, there a herd of wild elephants: ito mṛgakadambakaṃ ito vanagajyūtham, K.;
     2 kvacit... kvacit, R. H. and there:
     1 itastataḥ, sang h.: itastato jagatuḥ, R.;
     2 antarāntarā (at intervals), K.;
     3 kvacit kvacit, N. (= 2).

HEREABOUT,-S:
     1 ito nātidūre;
     2 atropānte.

HEREAFTER:
     I Of time: ataḥ or itaḥ param or ūrddhvam.
     II By and by:
     1 agre, Go.;
     2 ūrddhvama, S.;
     3 upariṣṭāt, P. d.
     III In the next world:
     1 paratra;
     2 amutra.

HEREAFTER (subs.):
     1 parakālaḥ;
     2 by paralokaḥ (= next world).

HEREAT:
     1 atra;
     2 iha: v. Also hereupon.

HEREBY: anena; anena yogena. (with this accession), Ki.; etc.

HEREDITAMENT:
     1 ṛktham;
     2 dāyaḥ: v. Property.

HEREDITARILY:
     1 vaṃśakrameṇa;
     2 kṛlakrameṇa;
     3 pitṛpitāmahakrameṇa; K. b.

HEREDITARY:
     1 kulakramāgataḥ (tā taṃ), h. minister: kulakramāgataḥ sacivaḥ, P.
     2 pitṛpaitāmahaḥ (hī haṃ), h. kingdom: pitṛpaitāmahaṃ rājyam, Ram. ii. 50. 8.
     3 maulaḥ (lī laṃ), M. vii. 54.;
     4 mūlāgataḥ (tā taṃ), M. n.

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HEREIN:
     1 atra, Vi.;
     2 iha, Mu.

HERESIARCH: pāṣaṇḍaśiromaṇiḥ and sim. comp.s.

HERESY: pāṣaṇḍamārgaḥ, and sim. comp.s., my conversion to h.: mama pāṣaṇḍapathāvatāraḥ, D.

HERETIC: pāṣaṇḍaḥ, unprecedented h.: apūrvapāṣaṇḍaḥ, Vi. iii.

HERETICAL: expr. by comp.: v. Also false.

HERETICALLY:
     1 pāṣaṇḍabuddhi (mfn.):
     2 by circumlo.

HERETOFORE:
     1 adyāvadhi (= up to now);
     2 itaḥ pūrvam.

HEREUPON: tataḥ (= then), B vii. 94.

HEREWITH: expr. by ins. of this, anena etena, etc.

HERIOT: ṛkthabhogaśulkaḥ (?).

HERITAGE:
     I Lit.: v. Inheritance.
     II Fig.: bhogaḥ (= enjoyment).

HERMAPHRODITE: arddhanārīnaraḥ (after arddhanārīśaḥ).

HERMENEUTICS: *bāibalavyākhyānam -vivṛtiḥ.

HERMETIC: v. Chemical. H. Philosophy: *tribhūtadarśanam.

HERMETICALLY: niruddhavātapraveśam (?); by circumlo.

HERMIT:
     1 tāpasaḥ (f. );
     2 tapasvin (f. );
     3 yatiḥ.

HERMITAGE: āśramaḥ, H. of Kanva: kaṇvasyāśramaḥ, Sa.

HERN: bakaḥ: v. Heron.

HERNLA:
     1 antravṛddhiḥ (inguinal h.);
     2 nābhivardhanam (umbilical h.).

HERO:
     I Lit.: vīraḥ, mother of a h.: vīrasūḥ, R.; to whom even the son of Bhrigu (fāmadagnya) is not a h.: yasya bhṛgunandano'pi na vīraḥ, U. v. 34.
     II Of a play: nāyakaḥ.

HEROIC, -AL:
     I Lit.: by comp., h. age: *vīrayugam.
     II Epic: q.v.
     III Bold, brave: q.v.: h. action: vīratvam; h. enterprise: vīracaritam.

HEROICALLY: vīravat: v. Bravely, boldly.

HEROINE:
     I Lit.: vīrāṅganā, and sim. comp.s.
     II Of a play: nāyikā, Sah.

HEROISM: vīratvam: v. Bravery, courage, valour.

HERON:
     1 bakaḥ;
     2 balākā (a smaller variety).

HERRING: matsyaviśeṣaḥ; heraṅgaḥ.

HERS: tadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or by gen.: v. He.

HERSELF:
     I As nom.: svayam: v. Self.
     II As acc.: ātmānam.
     III Sane: svastha (f. sthā) Ph.: by h.: ekākinīḥ v. Alone.

HESITANCY: vicikitsāḥ v. Hesitation, doubt.

HESITATE:
     I To be in suspense:
     1 vicikitsate (cikitsā, c. 1.), my mind h. s to kill this woman: vanitāmenāṃ hantuṃ mano vicikitsate, An. ii. 62.;
     2 dolāyate: v. To vacillate: v. Also to doubt.
     II To stammer, falter: q.v.

HESITATINGLY:
     1 dolāyitamanasā;
     2 saṃśayya (= doubtingly).

HESITATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 vicikitsā;
     2 vikalpaḥ: v. Doubt.
     II In speaking: skhalita (mfn.): v. To falter.

HESPERIAN: pāścātyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ): v. Western.

HEST: śāsanam: v. Command.

HETEROCLITE: *uddāmarūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

HETERODOX: *bhinnamataḥ (tā taṃ), h. opinion: dharmaviruddhaṃ matam (?).

HETERODOXY: *bhinnamatam; dharmaviruddhatāḥ v. Also heresy.

HETEROGENEAL, HETEROGENEOUS:
     1 bhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (= different);
     2 pṛthagvighaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (= various).

HEW: chinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To cut. H. out: kṛntati: v. To form.

HEWER: chedaka (f. dikā): v. Cutter.

HEXAGON:
     1 ṣaḍbhujaḥ;
     2 ṣaḍasraḥ;
     3 ṣaṭkoṇaḥ.

HEXAGONAL:
     1 ṣaḍbhujaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 ṣaṭkoṇa (f. ṇā), etc.

HEXAMETER: pāścātyaṃ ṣaṭpadavṛttam.

HEY: hī hī, V. v.: v. O.

HEYDAY: ullāsaḥ. H. of youth: prauḍhayauvanam.

HIATUS:
     I Lit.: vicchedaḥ.
     II In gram.: sandhibhaṅgaḥ (?).

HIBERNAL:
     1 haimanta (f. ntī);
     2 haimana (f. );
     3 haimantika (f. ).

HIBERNATE: hemantaṃ or śītaṃ kālaṃ gamayati (c. of gam), nayati (, c. 1.) etc.: v. To pass.

HICCOUGH, HICCUP:
     I Subs.:
     1 hikkā or hekkā;
     2 hallāsaḥ.
     II Verb.: hikkati -te (= hikk, c. 1.).

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HIDDEN:
     1 gūḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-;
     2 pracchanna (f. ): v. Secret.

HIDE (subs.): carman (n.): v. Skin.

HIDE (v. t.): pracchādayati (chad, c. 10.), I will h. (the body) with these leaves: śuṣkaparṇapuṭena pracchādayāmi, Mr. viii.; and who h. them (thieves): ye ca pracchādayanti tān, Mat.: v. Also to conceal. Ph.: he hid himself under the bed: paryaṅkatale nibhṛtaṃ sthitaḥ, H. iii.; h. ing among the amaranths: kuravakairapavāritaśarīraḥ (rā raṃ), Sa. iii.; it was not known where he hid himself: na jñāyate kāpi pralīnaḥ saḥ.

HIDE AND SEEK: a play: lukkāyitamārgaṇam (?) (comp. lukācuri); palāyitānveṣaṇam (?) (comp. palāpali); aspṛśyam (?), B. p. x. 18. 14.

HIDEOUS:
     1 vikṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vikṛtākāraḥ (rā raṃ) and sim. comp.s.; h. face and body: vaktra vapuśca vikṛtākṛti, Vi. v. 29.;
     3 bībhatsadarśanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Also horrible.

HIDEOUSLY:
     1 vikṛtamḥ;
     2 ghoram (= frightfully, horribly: q.v.)

HIDEOUSNESS:
     1 vikṛtatā;
     2 vikṛtākāratā; etc.

HIDER: goptṛ (f. trī): v. Concealer, to hide.

HIDING (subs.):
     I Concealment: q.v.
     II Passive: pracchannāvasthānam.

HIDING-PLACE: expr. by circumlo: v. To hide, place.

HIE (v.): tvarate (tvar, c. 1.): v. To hasten.

HIERARCH: dharmanāyakaḥ (?); dharmādhīśaḥ (?).

HIERARCHICAL: expr. by comp.: v. Also priestly.

HIERARCHY:
     I The body: dharmādhīśāḥ (m. pl.) (?) etc.
     II The government: *dharmādhīśatantram.

HIEROGLYPHIC: *citrākṣaram; citravarṇaḥ.

HIEROGLYPHICAL: expr. by comp.

HIEROPHANT: ācāryaḥ: v. Priest.

HIGGLE: v. To haggle. H. dy-piggledy: astavyasta (f. stā).

HIGH (adj.):
     1 uccaḥ (ccā ccaṃ) or uccaiḥ (indec.). h. places: uccaiḥ sthānāni, D.; but now a h. er (place) than that on account of your favour of remembrance: adya tūccai staraṃ tābhyāṃ smaraṇānugrahāttava, Ku. vi. 19.; much more one so h. (i.e. noble: q.v.) kiṃ punaryastathoccaiḥ, Me. 1. 17.; h. -minded: uccamanaskaḥ (skā skaṃ); of a h. family, h.-born: uccavaṃśajaḥ (jā jaṃ); at a h. price: uccamūlyena; h. talk: uccapralāpaḥ, D.: v. Haughty; h. education: uccaśikṣā (after Bengali);
     2 unnataḥ (tā taṃ), sam- (= lofty), h. summit: unnataṃ śailāgram, M. n.; connected with that h. (personage): unnatena tena yojitasambandhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ), Ku. vi. 30.;
     3 ucchritaḥ (tā taṃ), sam-, (lit. =h.; fig. =lofty: rare), h. umbrella: ucchritaṃ cchatram, R. xvii. 33.; six feet h.: caturhastocchritaḥ (tā taṃ); h. sound: samucchrito ravaḥ, Ku.;
     4 tuṅga (f. ṅgā), ud-, (= 3: rare), even a h. mountain is accessible: gamyastuṅgo'pi bhūgharaḥ, Ki. xi. 63,;
     5 prāṃśu (mfn.) (= tall: q.v.);
     6 mahat (f. ) (when h. =great), h. pleasure: mahāsukham; h. admiral: *mahānāvikanāyakaḥ; h. priest: *mahān purohitaḥ: v. Also chief. Ph.: h. note: udāttasvaraḥ; h. wind: gurusamīraḥ, Ku.; it is h. noon: madhyamalaṅkaroti bhānuḥ; h. time: samucitakālaḥ; h. water: pravṛddhā velā; h. meat: ugramāṃsam; h. antiquity: atipūrvakālaḥ; h. sauce: ugropaskaraḥ; h. er and h. er: adhikādhikam (= more and more); h. est: i.e. extreme: q.v.: paraḥ (rā raṃ); h. treason: rājadrohaḥ -aparādhaḥ; he has h. opinion of you: sa tvāmuccairmanyate; on h. ūrddham; from on h.: upariṣṭāt.

HIGH (adv.):
     I Lit.:
     1 uccaiḥ;
     2 uccakaiḥ;
     3 uccam.
     II Fig.: expr. by adj.: h. -aimed: uccābhilāṣin (f. ṇī).

HIGH-BLOWN: utsiktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Inflated, proud.

HIGH-BRED:
     1 abhijātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 sujātaḥ (tā taṃ).

HIGH-CLIMBING:
     1 uccaḥ (ccā ccaṃ);
     2 tuṅga (f. ṅgā): v. High.

HIGH-COLOURED:
     I Lit.: atirañjitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Fig.: vicitra (f. trā).

HIGH-DAY: parvan (n.): v. Festival.

HIGH-FLOWN: sphītaḥ (tā taṃ) (lit. and fig.).

HIGH-HANDED: ut-pīḍaka (f. ḍikā): v. Oppressive, violent.

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HIGH-HEELED: uccatalaḥ (lā laṃ) (??).

HIGHLAND: pārvatīyadeśaḥ (?), h. dress: pārvatīyaveṣaḥ (?).

HIGHLANDER:
     I Lit.: pārvatīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).
     II A Scot: *skudaḥ (dā daṃ).

HIGHLY:
     I =high: q.v.
     II Greatly: q.v.: bhṛśam.

HIGH-METTLED:
     1 mahāsattva (f. ttvā);
     2 mahātejas (mfn.);
     3 atitejasvin (f. ), K.

HIGHNESS:
     I Lit.: v. Height.
     II As title: deva (f. ).

HIGH-PRIESTSHIP, HIGH-PRIESTHOOD: mahāpaurohityam.

HIGH-ROAD:
     1 rathyā;
     2 rājamārgaḥ: v. Street.

HIGH-SEASONED: susaṃskṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (??).

HIGH-SPIRITED:
     I = high-mettled: q.v.
     II Irascible: q.v.

HIGHWAY: rājamārgaḥ, shall not obstruct h.: rājamārgānna rodhayet, N. s.

HIGHWAYMAN: perh. pānthamuṣ (mfn.), Mit. vāṭapāṭaccaraḥ, Viv.: v. Also robber.

HILARITY: ullāsaḥ sam-: v. Mirth.

HILL: parvataḥ (properly=mount); kṣudraparvataḥ: v. Mountain.

HILLOCK:
     1 sthalī;
     2 vapra (mn.).

HILLY: parvatamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (= mountainous: q.v.).

HILT: tsaruḥ, from the h.: tsarupradeśāt, Ki.

HIMSELF:
     I As nomi.: svayam or svayameva (emphatic), killing h.: svayaṃ mārayitvā, Mr. ix.: v. Self.
     II As acc.: ātmānam, he who kills h.: ya ātmānaṃ vyāpādayati. By h.: ekākī.

HIND (subs.):
     I The female of the stag:
     1 mṛgī;
     2 mṛgavadhūḥ; etc.: v. Deer.
     II A peasant: q.v.: grāmyajanaḥ.

HIND, HINDER (adj.):
     1 paścimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 jaghanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ). H. part: paścādbhāgaḥ paścāheśaḥ.

HINDER (v.):
     1 vārayati ni- vini- prati-, with h. ed twinkling.: nivāritanimeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), Sa.;
     2 pratiṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.), h. ing the entry of all attendants.: pratiṣiddhāśeṣaparijanapraveśā, K.: v. To prevent, obstruct.

HINDERMOST, HINDMOST: sarvapaścimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 paramaḥ (mā maṃ) (= final).

HINDOO:
     I As subs.: āryaḥ.
     II As adj.: by comp. or gen., for H. student: chātrāṇāmāryadeśayānām, Raj. vi. 8. 7.

HINDOOSTANI: sindhusthānī -bhāṣā urduḥ -vāk.

HINDRANCE:
     I The act:
     1 varaṇam ni-;
     2 pratiṣedhaḥ.
     II Obstacle: q.v.: vighnaḥ.

HINGE (v.):
     I Lit.: *kendrayati (nomi.)
     II Fig.: v. To enter.

HINGLE (subs.): *kendram.

HINT (subs.):
     1 iṅgitam;
     2 saṅketaḥ;
     2 ākutam. (rare).

HINT (v.): iṅgitaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) or karoti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To suggest, allude: q.v.

HIP:
     I Hanuch: q.v.: kaṭiḥ. Ph.: I have him on my h.: mama hastagataḥ saḥ.
     II A fruit: *hibam -kam.

HIPPOCAMP, HIPPOCAMPUS: *aśvakṛñcikā.

HIPPODROME: rathacaryā -sthānam.

HIPPOGRIFF: *śyenaghoṭakaḥ.

HIPPOPOTAMUS: *jalahastin (f. ); jalaśūkaraḥ (f. ).

HIRE (v. t.): bhāṭayati (c. of bhaṭ), h. ing a cart: bhāṭayitvā śakaṭam, Viv. Ph.: a h. d labourer: bhṛtaḥ -kaḥ, Viv.; to h. labourers: bhṛtakān gṛhvāti.

HIRE (subs.):
     I Lit.: bhāṭaḥ or bhāṭakaḥ, to pay h.: bhāṭaṃ dadāti, Viv.; to take on h.: bhāṭakena gṛhvāti, N.s.
     II Wages: q.v.: mūlyam, Mat.

HIRELING (adj.): perh. gṛhyaḥ, D. ii.: v. Venal, mercenary.

HIRELING (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhṛtakaḥ;
     2 vaitanikaḥ.
     II A mercenary: q.v.
     III A prostitute: paṇyastrī.

HIRER:
     1 māṭayitṛ (f. trī) (of things);
     2 svāmin (f. ) (= master) (of men), V.s.

HIRSUTE:
     1 lo(ro)maśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 bahulo(ro)man (mfn.)

HIS:
     1 tadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (of that);
     2 patadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (of this);
     3 by gen. N.B. When not emphatic, it is not expr. when the sense is clear and when emphatic, it is expr. by those words given under own. Confining with h. family: enaṃ saputrakalatraṃ niyamya, Mu.; as this (man) quits h. life: yathāyaṃ prāṇān  tyajati, Mu. 1; with h. fortitude: nijena dhairyaguṇena, Ki. xiv. 39.

HISS (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 phū(phu)tkaroti;
     2 phūtkāram udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.), V. t.
     II To h. off: niṣkāsayati (c. of kas) (= to drive out); dhikkaroti (?).

HISS, HISSING (subs.):
     I Lit.: phū(phu)tkāraḥ.
     II Of content: perh. ghikkāraḥ or dhikkṛtam, D. ii.

HIST (interj.): tūṣṇīm (indec.): v. Silent, be.

HISTORIAN:
     1 itihāsapraṇetṛ (m.) and sim. comp.s.: v. Author:
     2 ākhyānavid (m.), Vi. (=annalist).

HISTORIC, -AL:
     1 aitihāsikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 by comp.

HISTORICALLY: itihāsānukrameṇa ākhyānakrameṇa.

HISTORIOGRAPHER: *itihāsalekhakaḥ; ākhyānādhikṛtaḥ.

HISTORY:
     1 itihāsaḥ, knows h. and mythology: itihāsapurāṇajñaḥ, Mah.;
     2 purāvṛttam (= ancient h.).

HISTRIONIC, -AL: nāṭakoyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Theatrical.

HIT (subs.):
     I Blow: q.v.: prahāraḥ.
     II throw: kṣepaḥ. Ph.: a good h.: prob. suprahāraḥ.

HIT (v.):
     I To strike: praharati (hṛ, c. 1.), look, you are to h. this mark now: tvayedānīṃ prahartavyametallakṣyaṃ vilokyatām, Mah. i. 131. I. II. To h. on or upon, i.e. to come by chance: expr. by labhate (labh, c. 1.): v. To get.
     III To h. off, i.e. to describe with h. s: perh. vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.) (= to expose).

HITCH (subs.): bādhaḥ (?), there is a h. in it: *sabādhabhetat: v. Obstacle.

HITHER (adv.): itaḥ: v. Here. H. and thither:
     1 itastataḥ;
     2 itaśacetaḥ.

HITHER (adj.): expr. by this, on the h. side: asmin pārśve.

HITHERTO:
     I Of time:
     1 adyāvadhi;
     2 adya yāvat.
     II Of place: etatparyantam.: v. Up to.

HITHERWARD:
     1 ita itaḥ;
     2 etadabhimukham (?).

HIVE:
     1 madhukoṣaḥ;
     2 karaṇḍaḥ;
     3 chatrakaḥ.

HO, HOA (interj.): haṃhoḥ v. O.

HOAR: dhavalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Hoary, gray.

HOARD (subs.): pūgaḥ: v. Heap.

HOARD (v.): pūgīkaroti: v. To heap.

HOAR-FROST:
     1 ghananīhāraḥ, Ki. xiii. 24.;
     2 sāndratuhinam, M.n.

HOARINESS:
     1 dhavalatā;
     2 śuklatāḥ v. Gray.

HOARSE: rūkṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ) (= harsh, rough: q.v.): v. H. ness.

HOARSELY: rūkṣasvaram or rūkṣeṇa svareṇa (= harshly, roughly).

HOARSENESS:
     1 rūkṣatā;
     2 rūkṣasvaratā. H. of voice (from cold):
     1 svarabhaṅgaḥ;
     2 svaropadhātaḥ, Sr.: v. Harshness.

HOARY: expr. by words given under white, become h. with age: jarādhavalitaḥ (tā taṃ), K.; with h. hair: sitaiḥ keśaiḥ, Ki. xi. 3.; h. brows: viśadabhrūyugam, Ki.

HOAX (subs.): vipralambhaḥ: v. Trick, deception.

HOAX (v.): vipralabhate (labh, c. 1.), h. ed by the boys: vipralabdhāḥ kumārakaiḥ, V.p. v. 37. 9.

HOB: grāmyajanaḥ: v. Rustic.

HOBBLE (v.): laṅgati (laṅg, c. 1.): v. To limp.

HOBBY, -HORSE:
     I Lit.: ghoṭakaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A play-horse: krīḍāghoṭakaḥ.
     III A favourite theme: cirakāmyam (?), to ride one's h.: *cirakāmyaṃ kīrtayati or stauti.

HOBGOBLIN: bhūtaḥ: v. Goblin.

HOBNAIL: sthūlakīlaḥ and sim. co (??).

HOBNOB: expr. by pānagoṣṭhī: v. To drink.

HOBSON'S CHOICE: ......bhṛtyābhiruciḥ (??).

HOCK: madiraviśeṣaḥ.

HOCUS-POCUS:
     I Juggler: q.v.: māyākāraḥ.
     II His trick: māyā. Ph.: by h.: tantramantraiḥ, D.

HOD: lepaphalakam (?) and sim. comp.s.

HODGEPODGE: saptamiśram (?); sannipātaḥ (?), Williams.

HOE (subs.): kuddālaḥ, others tore up grass stumps with h. s.: apare vīraṇastambān kṛddālaiḥ vidalanti sma, Ram. ii. 7. 10.

HOE (v.): kuddālena tṛṇāni vidalati (dal, c. 1.), unmūlayati (mūl, c. 10.), etc.

HOEING, HOER: expr. by verb.

HOG:
     1 śū(sū)karaḥ, h.-keeper: śaukarikaḥ, Ram. ii. 90. 17.;
     2 varāhaḥ, with h.'s flesh and venison: māṃsairvārāhahāriṇaiḥ, Mah. ii. 4. 2.;
     3 kolaḥ (rare).

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HOGGISH
     1 śūkarasannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 by adv., śūkaravat.

HOG-PLUM:
     I The tree: āmrātaḥ -kaḥ.
     II The fruit: āmrātam -kam.

HOGSHEAD:
     I A measure: bhānaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A cask: kuṇḍam, drank eight h.s: aṣṭau kṛṇḍānyapibat, Mah. i. 126. 70.

HOGSTY:
     1 śūkaraśālā;
     2 śūkaraśaraṇam.

HOIDEN: v. Hoyden.

HOIST (v.): unnamayati (c. of nam): v. To raise.

HOIST (subs.):
     I A machine: *unnamanayantram.
     II H. ing:
     1 unnamanam;
     2 utthāpatam, Bharata.

HOLD (subs.):
     I Grasp: q.v.: Ph.: to take or lay h.: gṛhvāti pari-, (grah, c. 9.); to keep h.: dhārayati.
     II Support: q.v.: ālambaḥ -nam, without any h.: nirālambanaḥ, D.
     III Authority, claim: q.v.: adhikāraḥ.
     IV Influence, ascendancy: q.v.
     V Prison: q.v.: cārakam.
     VI Strong-h. durgam.
     VII Of a ship: perh. kroḍaḥ (comp. Bengali kol), fore h.: agraḥ kroḍaḥ.

HOLD (v. t.):
     I To keep h. of: dhārayati -te or (rarely) dharati vi- saṃ- pari-, (dhṛ, c., 10. and 1.), h. me uncle: mātula dhārayasva bhām, Vi. iv. Cannot h. his neck: na śakroti śirodharāṃ dharayitum, R.
     II To restrain: dharayati...... I cannot h. my tongue: na śaknobhyātmano jihvāṃ dhārayitum,
     V ii.; and h. ing the horse asked from a distance: dhṛtaturaṅgamaśca dūrādevāpṛcchat, K. III. To possess: dhārayati or dharati, (which was) long held by kings of your race: ciraṃdhṛtā bhūpatibhiḥ svavaṃśajaiḥ, Ki. i. 29.; burden held by himself: ātmanā dhṛtāṃ dhuram, R. iii. 35.
     IV To contain: dhārayati or dharati, the celestial river will h. the seed: surāpagā bījaṃ dhārayiṣyati, Ku. x. 25.
     V To keep, defend, q.v.: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).
     VI To maintain: q.v.: dhārayati or dharati; h. ing thoughts for victory: dhṛtajayadhṛti (mfn.), Ki. xii. 2.
     VII To esteem, think: q.v.: manyate (man, c. 4.).
     VIII To do, bring about: karoti, to h. counsel: mantraṇāṃ karoti; to h. a council: sabhāṃ karoti; to h. a wager: paṇaṃ karoti. Ph.: to h. one's own: perh. nāpacīyate (pass. of ci).

HOLD (v. i.):
     I To stand, stop: q.v.: niṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     II To last, remain: q.v.: tiṣṭhati.
     II To apply: q.v.: lagati (lag, c. 1.).
     IV To think: q.v.: manyate.
     V To refrain, desist: q.v.: nivartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     VI To defend, derive: q.v.

HOLD BACK:
     I Intrans: perh. vicikitsate (= to hesitate).
     II Trnas.: v. To withhold.

HOLD FORTH, HOLD OUT:
     I To strekS out: q.v.: prasārayati (c. of sṛ).
     II To exhibit, offer: q.v.: dhārayati.
     III To endure: q.v.: sahate (sah, c. 1.).

HOLD IN:
     I Trans:
     1 dhārayati;
     2 niyacchati (yam, c. 1.) (= to restrain: q.v.).
     II Intrans.

HOLD OFF: pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To avoid.

HOLD ON:
     I To continue: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     II To proceed in: na viramati (ram, c. 1.), Ki. v. 24.

HOLD TO: dhārayati: v. Also to maintain, cling.

HOLD UP:
     I To raise: q.v.: unnamayati (c. of nam).
     II To support one's self: ātmānaṃ saṃdhārayati.
     III To cease raining: let the weather h. up: bhavatu vṛṣṭerupaśamaḥ, H.

HOLD-BACK: antarāyaḥ: v. Obstacle, restraint.

HOLDER:
     I Lit.: dhārakaḥ dhārayitṛ (m.); etc.
     II A thing for holding, expr. by verb, this is its h.: anenaitaddharyate: v. Handle.

HOLDER-FORTH: pravaktṛ (f. ktī): v. Speaker.

HOLD-FAST: *dṛḍhāgrahaḥ: v. CakS, hook.

HOLDING (subs.): i.e. tenure; kṣetram (= field), according to the nature of the h.: kṣetrasthityanusāreṇa, Mit.

HOLE:
     I A pierce:
     1 gartaḥ (spec. of h.s in earth: not fig.);
     2 chidram, making a h. on a side: pārśve chidraṃ vidhāya, Bha.;
     3 rangharam, dexterous in picking h. s: ranghrānveṣaṇadakṣaḥ, R.;
     4 vivaram (rare), in other's h. s.: parasya vivare, Ki.
     II A cave, den: q.v.: vivaram.
     III A hovel: perh. vivaram.

HOLIDAY:
     1 parvan (n.) (= religious day);
     2 anadhyāyaḥ (= school h.), because to day is a h.: adyānadhyāya iti,
     V iv.;
     2 *bandhaḥ -dinam, (= court h.): v. Also festival.

HOLILY: v. Piously, sacredly, holy.

HOLINESS:
     I Sanctity, sacredness: q.v.: pavitratā.
     II In address: bhagavat (f. ), if (your) revered h. gives (me) no harbour: yati bhagavatpādamūlamaśaraṇam, D. ii.

HOLLA, HOLLO, HOLLOA: halā (in Prakrit): v. O.

HOLLOW (subs.):
     1 koṭaraḥ (of trees), in the centres of h. s: koṭarodareṣu, K.;
     2 (kara-) puṭaḥ (of the hand);
     3 (karṇa-) kūpaḥ (of the ear);
     4 (nābhi-) āvartaḥ (of the nave);
     5 gartaḥ (= hole: q.v.).

HOLLOW (adj.):
     I Lit.: śūnyagarbha (f. rbhā);
     2 madhyaśuṣiraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare), B. com.
     II Fig.: śūnyagarbha (f. rbhā): v. Empty, vain.
     III Of sounds, deep: dhīraḥ (rā raṃ) or perh. dhīragabhīraḥ (rā raṃ).

HOLLOW (v.):
     1 takṣati (takṣ, c. 1.) (?);
     2 khanati (khan, c. 1.) (= to dig);
     3 better by adj. or circumlo.

HOLLOWNESS:
     I Lit. and fig.: śūnyagarbhatā: v. Emptiness.
     II Of sounds: dhīratā or perh. dhīragabhīratā.

HOLLY: *hāliḥ; sadāharito gulmabhedaḥ.

HOLLYHOCK: a plant: *citramevatī.

HOLLY-OAK, HOLM-OAK: sindūrabhedaḥ.

HOLOCAUST:
     1 homaḥ;
     2 hutam;
     3 havyam.

HOLY: puṇgha (f. ṇyā), h. person: puṇyajanaḥ, Ki. iii. 31.; h. prayer: puṇyā stutiḥ, K.; h. rivers: saritaḥ puṇyāḥ, Ram. ii. 12. 5.; h. place of pilgrimage: puṇyatīrthaḥ, Ram.; h. land: pūṇyabhūmiḥ: v. Also pure, sacred. Ph.: h. father, mother: bhagavat (f. ); "h. alliance": dharmasandhiḥ; h. -day: v. Holiday.

HOMAGE (subs.):
     I In gen.
     1 namaskāraḥ;
     2 namasyā, N.: v. Also respect. To do, pay h.: namati pra-, (nam, c. 1.), men do not pay h. to a man until he pays h. to you: na namanti puruṣaṃ puruṣāstava yāvadīśa na natiḥ kriyate, Ki.
     II Feudal: to do h. (to a lord): perh. prabhutvaṃ svīkaroti.

HOME (subs.):
     1 gṛham (= house: q.v.), gone h.: gṛhaṃ gataḥ, Mr. ix.;
     2 janmabhūmiḥ (= birthplace), where is your h., sir? Madam, Patna is my h.: kuta āryaḥ? ārye pāṭaliputraṃ me janmabhūmiḥ, Mr. ii.;
     3 ālayaḥ (= abode: q.v.). Ph.: at h.: gṛhe or gehe, U. i. 57. 8.; he is making himself at h. there: tatrā paricita iva vyavaharati.

HOME (adv.):
     I Lit.: gṛham.
     II Fig: expr. by marman (n.), to come h.: marma spṛśati.

HOME (adj.):
     I Lit.: grha- in comp.
     II Of one's country: "h. department". *svadeśavibhāgaḥ.

HOME-BOUND:
     1 gṛhagāmin (f. );
     2 svadeśagāmin (f. ).

HOME-BRED:
     I Lit.: gṛhajaḥ (jā jaṃ) or jātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Rude: grāmya (f. myā).

HOMELESS: agṛhaḥ (hā haṃ), Mah. iii. 27. 16.; nirāśrayaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also exile.

HOMLINESS: grāmyatā: v. Homely.

HOMELY:
     I Domestic: q.v.: gṛhya (f. hyā).
     II Plain, unpolished: grāmya (f. myā).

HOME-MADE:
     I Made at home: gṛha- in comp., h. butter: gṛhanavanītam.
     II Made in one's own country: svadeśa- in comp.: v. Also made.

HOMER:
     I The poet: *homaraḥ.
     II A measure: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

HOMESICK: gṛhavirahāturaḥ (rā raṃ); gṛhavirahārta (f. rtā), etc.

HOMESPUN:
     I Adj.: gṛhotaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).
     II Subs.: gṛhotam (?); gṛhanirmitavastram.

HOMESTALL, HOMESTEAD:
     1 vāstu (mn.);
     2 gṛhavāstu (n.), Kat;
     3 veśman (n.) (rare) Kat.;
     4 vāsabhūmiḥ, Mit.

HOMEWARD: svadeśābhimukham, "H. -bound". svadeśābhimukhaḥ (khā khaṃ): v. Also home-bound.

HOMICIDAL: expr. by tat. comp.: v. next art; belonging to.

HOMICIDE:
     I The deed: nṛhatyā and sim. comp.s.: v. Murder.
     II The slayer:
     1 narahatyākārin (f. ṇī);
     2 manuṣyaghātin (f. ).

HOMILY: dharmaprabandhaḥ (?): v. Sermon.

HOMOEPATHIC: expr. by comp., h. doctor: *samavyavasthāvidvaidyaḥ.

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HOMOEPATHY: *samavyavasthā samavyavasthāśāstram.

HOMOGENEAL, HOMOGENEOUS: *sajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

HOMOLOGOUS: *samasthiti (mfn.).

HOMONYMOUS: bahvarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Also equivocal.

HONE: śāṇaḥ(naḥ): v. Whetstone.

HONEST:
     I Decent, good: q.v.
     II Upright, just:
     1 śuci (mfn.) (= pure), M.;
     2 arthaśaucayukta (f. ktā), K. b.;
     3 saralaḥ (lā laṃ) (= simple);
     4 niṣkapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (=guileless).
     III Frank, sincere: q.v.

HONESTLY:
     1 chalaṃ vihāya;
     2 niṣkapaṭam: v. Also simply, sincerely.

HONESTY:
     1 arthaśaucabh or sim. śaucam or śucitā tvam (when the sense is clear);
     2 niṣkapaṭatā (= guilelessness);
     3 sāralyam (=simplicity);
     4 ārjavam (= uprigtness).

HONEY: madhu (n.), h. -bees make h. by gathering the juice of divers trees: bhadhukaramakṣikā nānājātīnāṃ vṛkṣāṇāṃ rasān samāhṛtya madhu niṣpādayanti, S. c.; old (h.) is binding and astringent: purāṇaṃ grāhakaṃ rūkṣaṃ, Bha; of this (king) who is h. in mouth and poison at heart: asya mukhamadhorhṛ dayaviṣasya, Sa. v.

HONEY-BEE: madhumakṣikā: v. Bee.

HONEYCOMB:
     1 madhukoṣaḥ;
     2 madhucakram;
     3 chatrakam;
     4 madhujālakam, Si. xii. 54;
     5 kṣaudrapaṭalam (rare), R.

HONEYDEW: dālaṃ madhu, Bha.

HONEYED: madhumayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (lit. and fig.) and sim. comp.s.

HONEY-HARVEST: madhusaṃgrahaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

HONEYSUCKLE: *madhugarbhā; supuṣpalatābhedaḥ.

HONEY-TONGUED:
     1 mukhamadhu (mfn.), Sa. and sim. comp.s.;
     2 perh. madhujihva (f. hnā).

HONORARY: no equiv. *sābhmānikaḥ (kī kaṃ) or by circumlo.

HONOUR (subs.):
     I A nice sense of what is right: mānaḥ sam-, who has from age lost all sense of h.: jarāvaluptamānāvamānacittaḥ, D. ii.
     II Nobility, chastity: mānaḥ sama-, rich in h.: mānadhanaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki. ii. 19.; devoid of h.: mānahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki. xi. 59.
     III Respect, reverence: q.v.
     1 mānaḥ sama-, P.;
     2 ādaraḥ (= attention):
     IV A mark of respect:
     1 mānaḥ sam-, for this h.: asya sabhmānasya kṛte, P. i. 3.;
     2 gauravam, master's h.s on dependents are as a rule moving with the object to be accomplished: prayojanāpekṣitayā prabhūṇāṃ prāyaścalaṃ gauravamāśriteṣu, Ku. iii. 1.;
     3 prasādaḥ (= favour: q.v.).

HONOUR (v.):
     1 mānayati saṃ-, (rarely) prati-, (c. of man), yet your Highness will be pleased to h. my request: tathāpi madvijñāpanāṃ mānayitumarhatyāryaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     2 pūjayati sam- abhi- pra-, (pvaj, c. 10.) (= to respect: q.v.) he, although destitute of h. will be everywhere h. ed: sammānahīno'pi sa sarvatra prapūjyate, P. i. 3.

HONOURABLE:
     I Possessing a high mind: mānin (f. ).
     II Illustrious, respected:
     1 mānya (f. nyā) or mānanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), sam-;
     2 pūjya (f. jyā) or pūjanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), I have been commanded by h. sir (you): pūjyenāhamādiṣṭaḥ, Mah.: v. Respectable.
     III Conferring honour: sammānakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also famous.
     IV Good, noble: q.v.: śuddha (f. ddhā).

HONOURABLY: expr. by adj.

HOOD:
     I For women: śiraskam (?)
     II Of a carriage: śiras (n.) (??).
     III Of a serpent: phaṇā.

HOODWINK:
     I Lit.: v. To blind.
     II To deceive: q.v.: perh. chalayati (chal c. 10.).

HOOF:
     1 khuraḥ, right h.: dakṣiṇakhuraḥ, K.;
     2 śapha (mn.) (rare).

HOOFED:
     1 khurin (f. ṇī);
     2 khurānvitaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.

HOOK (v.):
     I Of fishes: vaḍiśayati (nomi.).
     II To entrap: pāśe pātayati, (c. of pat).

HOOK (subs.):
     I Fish-h.: q.v.: vaḍiśam.
     II To goad elephants: aṅkuśa (mn.).
     III In gen.: ākarṣaṇī (?).
     IV A sickle: dātram.
     V Fig.: pāśaḥ: v. Snare.

HOOKED (adj.): vakra (f. krā): v. Crooked.

HOOK-NOSED: śukanāsaḥ (sā saṃ); tuṅganāsaḥ (sā saṃ) [not vakranāsaḥ].

HOOP (subs.): cakram (= anything circular).

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HOOP (v.):
     1 citkāraṃ karoti;
     2 uccaiḥ śabdāyate (nomi.).

HOOPING-COUGH: perh. ūrdhvaśvāsaḥ, Bha.

HOOPOE: a bird: kāṣṭhakūṭaḥ (?).

HOOT, HOOTING (subs.):
     I In gen.: dhikkāraḥ (?) or by circumlo.
     II Of an owl: ghūtkāraḥ, U.

HOOT (v.):
     I In gen.: garhayati (garh, c. 10.) (?).
     II Of an owl: ghūtkaroti.

HOP (subs.):
     I A leap: q.v.: ekapādalamphaḥ.
     II A plant: latāviśeṣaḥ.

HOP (v.): ekapādena plavate (plu, c. 1.): v. To leap.

HOPE (subs.):
     I Expectation: āśā prati-, what is not done from h.: āśayā kimiva na kriyate, K.; I have no h. of life: nirāśo'smi jīvite, Sa. vi.; the girl entertained h.s of remeeting (her) master: babhuvāśāvatī bālā punarbhartṛsamāgame, Mah.; false h.: durāśā K.: v. Also wish.
     II That which gives h.:
     1 āśā;
     2 āśvāsaḥ, for you are the h. of the distressed: tvaṃ hyārtānāṃ samāśvāsaḥ, Mah.

HOPE (v.):
     1 āśāṃ karoti;
     2 āśaṃsate (śaṃs, c. 1.) (= to apprehend). N.B. In questions, "I h." may be expr. by the interro. particles api kaccit atha, we h. the breeze of these lotus-leaves pleases you: api sukhāyate te nalinīpatravātaḥ, Sa. iii.

HOPEFUL:
     I Entertaining hope:
     1 āśāvat (f. );
     2 āśānvitaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Giving hope:
     1 āśājananaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 āśāvardhana (f. ) (= very h.).

HOPEFULLY: expr. by adj.

HOPEFULNESS:
     1 āśāvattā;
     2 āśājananatā. For dif. v. Hopeful.

HOPELESS:
     I Without hope:
     1 nirāśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 hatāśaḥ (śā śaṃ); etc.
     II Beyond hope: āśātītaḥ (tā taṃ).

HOPELESSLY: expr. by circumlo.

HOPELESSNESS:
     1 nairāśyam;
     2 nirāśatā;
     3 hatāśatā; etc.

HOPPER: in a mill: śasyādhāraḥ, williams.

HORDE: saṅghaḥ (= crowd, flock: q.v.).

HORIZON:
     1 harijam, as a sign comes to the h.: yadvadrāśirvrajati harijam, Ja. v. 17.;
     2 kṣitijam, that point is then on the h.: tallagnaṃ kṣitije tadā, Su. iii. 48. N.B. Colloquially diṅmaṇḍalaḥ and sim. comp.s. would do.

HORIZONTAL: samaḥ (mā maṃ) (= level: q.v.).

HORIZONTALLY: perh. samabhūmau (= on a level).

HORN:
     I Lit.:
     1 śṛṅgam, the root of a h.: śṛṅgamūlam; the tip of a h.: śṛṅgāgram, Pa.; sharp-h. ed: tīkṣṇaśṛṅgaḥ, Ram.;
     2 viṣāṇam, struck with h. s.: viṣāṇairāhataḥ (tā taṃ), M.n.
     II A wind-instrument: kāhalā, blew h.s: kāhalāḥ pūrayāñcakruḥ, B. xiv. 3.

HORNBILL: perh. khaṭvāṅgaḥ "khaṭvāṅgān lubdhakāṃstathā", Mat.

HORNBOOK: prathamapāṭhaḥ (?): v. Primer, handbook.

HORNED: śṛṅgin (f. ṇī). H. moon: sinīvālī.

HORNET:
     1 varaṭā;
     2 viṣaśṛṅgin (m.) or viṣaśūkaḥ (?).

HORNLESS: śṛṅgahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s. H. deer: muṇḍin (m.). Bha. H. Bull: tūvaraḥ (rare).

HORNY:
     I Lit.: śārṅga (f. ṅgī).
     II Fig.: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Hard.

HOROLOGE: kālasādhanayantram, Su. iii. 19.

HOROLOGY: kālajñānam, Su. xiii. 21.

HOROSCOPE:
     1 janmapatrikā (the table);
     2 janmanakṣatram (the sign).

HOROSCOPY:
     1 horāśāstram, V.m.;
     2 horātantram, Ja.

HORRIBLE:
     I Dreadful: q.v.:
     1 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 karālaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Abominable: bībhatsa (f. tsā), K.

HORRIBLY:
     1 ghoram;
     2 karālam: v. Dreadfully.

HORRID:
     I Rough: q.v.
     II Hideous: q.v.
     III Disagreeable: q.v.

HORRIDLY: ghoram: v. Dreadfully.

HORRIDNESS: ghoratā: v. Also hideousness.

HORRIFIC: bhairavaḥ (vī vaṃ): v. Terrific.

HORRIFICATION: ro(lo)maharṣaḥ -ṇam.

HORRIFY: vi-trāsayati (c. of tram): v. To terrify, horror.

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HORROR:
     I A shaking: kampaḥ, Sa.
     II The feelings: trāsaḥ saṃ-, (= terror).
     III Dreariness:
     1 ghoratā:
     2 raudratā, the great h. of the funeral yard: mahatī śmaśānavāṭasyaṃ raudratā, Ma. v.;
     3 bīmatsam bībhatsamevāgre vartate, Ma. v.

HORSE:
     I The animal:
     1 aśvaḥ, h. -flesh: aśvamāṃsam, Bha.; one who knows the peculiarities of h. s: aśvalākṣaṇikaḥ, S., k.; the ceremony h. -sacrifice: kraturaśvamedhaḥ, U. ii.; h. s of good breed: ājāneyā aśvāḥ, Mah. ii. 49. 9.; I am well up in breaking as well as in treating h. s: kṛśalo'smyaśvaśikṣāyāṃ tathā cāśvacikitsite, Mah. iv. 3. 4.;
     2 turagaḥ, mounted on another h.: anyaturagārūḍhaḥ, K.;
     3 turaṅgaḥ -maḥ, eight-h. d chariot: yuktāṣṭaturaṅgo rathaḥ, Ram. vi. 75. 27.; turned the h., moving the reins by the left hand: vāmakaratalavalitaraśmipāśasturaṅgamaṃ vyāvartayāmāsa, K.; a h. moving about without any control: uddāmapracārī turaṅgamaḥ, K. ii.
     4 hayaḥ, Sind h. of great speed: mahārayaḥ sindhujo hayaḥ, N. i. 64. 6.;
     5 vāhaḥ, Arabian (?) h. s: vanāyudeśayā vāhāḥ, R. v. 73.;
     6 vājin (m.), swift h.: javanavājī, R. ix. 56.;
     7 ghoṭakaḥ. Ph.: a white h.: karkaḥ, A.; h. -neck: nigālaḥ, A.
     II Cavalry: q.v.: aśvāḥ or aśva in comp., these are the duties of h. and of infantry.: ityaśvakarma patteśca, Ka. xix. 5. Ph.: clothes -h.: *vastradhāriṇī; towel-h.: *gātramārjanapaṭadhariṇī.

HORSEBACK: aśvapṛṣṭham. Ph.: goes on h.: aśvena gacchati, S.; seated on h.: turaṅgasādī, R.

HORSE-BLOCK: aśvārohaṇasādhanam.

HORSE-BREAKER:
     1 aśvaśikṣakaḥ;
     2 aśvadamayitṛ (m.);
     3 aśvavinetṛ (m.).

HORSE-BREAKING:
     1 aśvadamanam;
     2 aśvaśikṣā.

HORSE-CHESTNUT: a tree and its fruit: no equiv.

HORSE-CLOTH: aśvapṛṣṭhāvaguṇṭhanapaṭaḥ, K.; and sim. comp.s.

HORSE-DOCTOR:
     1 aśvavaidyaḥ;
     2 śālihotrajño vaidyaḥ, P. v. 10.

HORSE-FLY: aśvadaṃśaḥ.

HORSE-GUARDS (pl.): aśvārohidakṣiṇaḥ and sim. comp.s. The H.: a place in London: sainikasabhāgṛham.

HORSE-HAIR: aśvaro(lo)man (n.) and sim. comp.s: v. Hair.

HORSE-LAUGH: aṭṭahāsaḥ; laughed a h.: jahāsa svanavaddhāsam, Mah.

HORSE-LEECH: a farrier: q.v.: aśvalākṣaṇikaḥ.

HORSEMAN: aśvārohaḥ or rūḍhaḥ or -rohin (m.) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 aśvavāraḥ, Si.;
     3 turaṅgasādin (m.), turaṅgin (m.), turaṅgasthaḥ, and sim. comp. s, Ku. xvi.

HORSEMANSHIP:
     1 aśvaśikṣā;
     2 aśvārohaṇam (= riding).

HORSE-PLAY: karkaśavṛttiḥ (?).

HORSE-POWER: aśvabalam (?), of 100 h.: *śatāśvabalaḥ (lā laṃ).

HORSE-RACE: aśvacaryā (after rathacaryā); aśvaplutiḥ (?).

HORSE-RADISH: kurukandaka (m. for the plant, n. for the root).

HORSE-SHOE:
     I subs.: nālam (?).
     II Verb.: (aśvasya) nālāni badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), h. er: nālabandhaḥ (after Hindi).

HORSE-WHIP:
     I Subs.:
     1 kaśā, Si. v. 10:;
     2 aśvatāḍa(ḍi)nī, A.
     II Verb: kaśāghātaṃ karoti: v. To strike.

HORTATIVE, HORTATORY: utsāhavardhana (f. ).

HORTICULTURAL: expr. by comp., h. produce: udyānotpannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).

HORTICULTURE: udyānavidyā (?); udyānanirmāṇam (?).

HOSANNA: perh.: jaya jaya.

HOSE:
     I Stocking: *pādāvaraṇam.
     II A pipe: carmakūpaḥ.

HOSIER: *pādāvaraṇājīvaḥ; pādāvaraṇavikrayikaḥ.

HOSIERY: *pādāvaraṇāni (n. pl.); pādāvaraṇavikrayaḥ (the business).

HOSPITABLE: ātitheyaḥ (yā yaṃ), h. regard: ātitheyāpacitiḥ, Ki. xi. 9.; the h. Pārvati: ātitheyī pārvatī, Ku. v. 31.

HOSPITABLY: sādaram bahumānapūrvam, etc. (= with attention).

HOSPITAL:
     1 ārogyaśālā, Raj.;
     2 cikitsālayaḥ.

HOSPITALITY:
     1 ātithyam or ātitheyam, then our h. is ready: tataḥ sajjātitheyā vayam, Vi. ii. 50.; did not cease to do h.: ātitheyaṃ kartu nāśramat, Si. xiv. 35.;
     2 atithisatkāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

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HOST:
     I An entertainer: no equiv.: expr. by gṛhin (f. ṇī) (when the sense is clear); nimantrayitṛ (f. trī) (= inviter); bhojanadātṛ (f. trī) (one who gives food).
     II A multitude: q.v.: saṅgha.
     III The consecrated water valiḥ (?).

HOSTAGE: bandhakaḥ (??).

HOSTEL, HOSTELRY:
     I A hotel: q.v.
     II For boys: maṭhaḥ (?) 'prabuddhādhyayanakarmaṭheṣu maṭheṣu', Va.

HOSTESS: v. Host (I).

HOSTILE:
     1 by comp: h. ground: śatrubhūmiḥ: v. Enemy;
     2 vipakṣa (f. kṣā);
     3 vidveṣin (f. ṇī);
     4 viruddha (f. ddhā); (= opposed).

HOSTILELY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 viruddham.

HOSTILITY:
     I Enmity: q.v.: vairabhāvaḥ.
     II Hostile operations:
     1 vigrahaḥ;
     2 viroghaḥ: v. War.

HOSTLER: aśvapālaḥ -kaḥ v. Groom.

HOT:
     I Lit.:
     1 tapta (f. ptā), saṃ- pra- abhi- upa-, h. iron: ayo'bhitaptam, R.; h. water: taptaṃ vāri, V.;
     2 uṣṇa (f. ṣṇā). h. and acrid: uṣṇakaṭukaḥ (kā kaṃ), Sa.; slightly h.: kavoṣṇa (f. ṣṇā);
     3 gharma (f. rmā) (rare), h.-rayed (the sun): gharmadīdhitiḥ;
     4 grīṣma (f. ṣmā) (rare);
     5 jvalat (f. ntī) (= burning of h. and glowing heat). Ph.: h. season:
     1 grīṣmaḥ;
     2 nidādhaḥ;
     3 gharmaḥ, R.;
     4 tapaḥ, Si.;
     5 uṣṇaḥ, A.;
     6 śuciḥ, Ri.:
     7 grīṣmakālaḥ nidāghakālaḥ, and sim. comp.s.
     II To the taste (tīkṣṇa) (f. kṣṇā), pepper is acrid and h.: maricaṃ kaṭukaṃ tīkṣṇam, Bha.: v. Sharp. N.B. Not uṣṇa or dharma which is = heating, exciting heat.
     III Fig., vehement, furious:
     1 ugra (f. grā);
     2 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā,), pra-.

HOT-BED: fig.: kṣetram (= field), h. of sin: pāpakṣetram.

HOT-BTOODED: caṇḍaprakṛti (mfn.): v. Irritable, violent.

HOTCHPOTCH: saptamiśram (?); sannipātaḥ, Williams.

HOTEL: *pathikāśramaḥ; pravāsāśramaḥ.

HOT-HEADED: caṇḍaprakṛti (mfn.): v. Violent, rash.

HOT-HOUSE: *taptāgāram and sim. comp.s.

HOTLY:
     1 caṇḍam pra- ut-;
     2 ugram.

HOT-MOUTHED:
     1 caṇḍamukha (f. khā);
     2 ugramukha (f. khā); etc.

HOTNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 uṣṇatā;
     2 taptatā; etc.: v. Heat.
     II Sharpness: q.v.: tīkṣṇatā or taikṣṇyam.
     III Of temper:
     1 caṇḍatā pra-;
     2 ugratā.

HOUND:
     1 śvan (m.), let loose the h. s: vimucyantāṃ śvānaḥ, K.; h. keeper: śvagaṇī, R. ix. 53.;
     2 kauleyakaḥ (= blood-h.);
     3 mṛgadaṃśakaḥ or sārameyaḥ (= fox-h.?);
     4 ākhoṭikaḥ, A.

HOUND ON: uttejayati (tij, c. 10.): v. Excite, urge.

HOUR: horā (very rare), Su. xii. 79.; gen. expr. by daṇḍaḥ or ghaṭī or ghaṭikā (= 24 minutes), Ph.: at all h. s.: i.e. always:
     1 sadā;
     2 sarvadā.

HOUR-ANGLE: natam, Su. iii. 34.

HOUR-GLASS: ghaṭīyantram or ghaṭikā, Gan.

HOURI:
     1 divyaṅganā;
     2 apsaras (f.);
     3 vidyādharī.

HOURLY (adj.): expr. by adv.

HOURLY (adv.):
     I Lit.: pratidaṇḍam.
     II Continually: q.v.: sadā.

HOUSE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 gṛham (best equiv.: gṛhāḥ in pl.=h. with its surroundings or inmates), to the h. of the chief of Vidarbha: gṛhān vidarbhādhipateḥ, N. xvi. 1.; where h. s shone as if with edges of thakSes: gṛhāṇi nidhrairiva yatra rejuḥ, Si. iii. 49.;
     2 geham, she is fortune in h. iyaṃ gehe lakṣmīḥ, U. i. 38.; the mistress of my h.: madragehinī, Me. ii. 16.;
     3 ā(a)garam, our h.: asmadīyāgāram, Ma.;
     4 kulam (rare), h. of god: devakulam, Mr. ii.;
     5 śaraṇam (rare: prop=protection), h. of fire: agniśaraṇam, Sa. iv.;
     6 bhavanam (= building): v. Edifice;
     7 niketanam (= abode: q.v.);
     8 āyatanam: v. Temple.
     II Family, race: q.v.: gṛham, is this becoming your h.: yuktametadvo gṛhasya, Vi. iv.
     III A firm: gṛham (after Bengali).
     IV In chess: gṛham.
     V A legislative body: samā, "to bring down the whole h.": samagrasabhāgṛham (or śrāvakān) āvarjayati (?).

HOUSE (adj.): by comp., h.-dog: gṛhakukkuraḥ.

HOUSE (v.):
     I To harbour: vāsaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To shelter, store: gehe rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).

HOUSE-BREAKER: kuḍyacchedin (f. ): v. Burglar.

HOUSE-BREAKING: kuḍyacchedaḥ: v. Burglary.

HOUSEHOLD (subs.):
     I Family:
     1 parijanaḥ;
     2 parivāraḥ.
     II Family life: expr. by gṛham.

HOUSE (adj.): expr. by comp. h. god: gṛhadevatā; to perform h. affairs: gṛhakāryāṇi anutiṣṭhati.

HOUSEHOLDER:
     1 gṛhasthaḥ, H.;
     2 gṛhin (m.);
     3 gṛhapatiḥ.

HOUSEKEEPER:
     I Lit.: gṛhin (f. ṇī).
     II A female servant: gṛhajanādhiṣṭhātrī (?), gṛharakṣikā (?).

HOUSEKEEPING: gṛharakṣā (??); gṛhāvekṣaṇam (??).

HOUSE-LEEK: kutṛṇam, Wilson.

HOUSELESS:
     1 gṛhahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 aśaraṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 nirāśrayaḥ (yā yaṃ); etc.

HOUSEMAID: ceṭī (= maid-servant).

HOUSE-PIGEON: gṛhakapotaḥ (f. tī -tikā), U.

HOUSE-RENT: gṛhabhāṭaḥ -kaḥ.

HOUSE-TAX: gṛhakaraḥ (??); gṛhaśulkam (??).

HOUSE-WARMING: gṛhapraveśotsavaḥ (?); vāstūpaśamanam (a similar ceremony).

HOUSEWIFE: gṛhiṇī, look up to hs.: gṛhiṇīnetrāḥ, Ku. vi. 85.

HOUSEWIFERY: gṛhakāryānuṣṭhānam (after D.); and sim. comp.s.

HOUSING:
     1 āstaraḥ -ṇam;
     2 pṛṣṭhapaṭaḥ.

HOVEL:
     1 parṇaśālā;
     2 kuṭī -raḥ;
     3 uṭajaḥ.

HOVER:
     I Lit.: perh. pariḍīyate (ḍī, c. 4.).
     II Fig., to hang about: parito visarpati (sṛp, c. 1.) (?); paryavekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.) (= to look about).

HOVERINGLY: expr. by pres. part.

HOW (adv.):
     I In what way:
     1 katham, h. can a servant be without fault: kathaṃ nu dāso niraparādhaḥ, V.; h. (you) fell into the hands of the Chandal: kathaṃ caṇḍālahastagamanam, K.;
     2 kena prakāreṇa, teach me h. to make prostration: kena prakāreṇa daṇḍapraṇāmaḥ kartavyastanmāṃ śikṣaya, V.t. N.B.
     1 In the last sense, h. is often not expr., you know (h.) to make (one) take: jānāsi grāhayitum, K.;
     2 sometimes expr. by kim (= what), h. is (= what has happened to) Sāgarikā: sāgarikāyāḥ kiṃ vartate, Ra. iv.
     II To what degree: kiyat. N.B. For h. many, h. long, etc.: v. Many, long, etc.

HOWBEIT: tathāpi.: v. Nevertheless, yet.

HOWDAH: varaṇḍaḥ -kaḥ, Wilson.

HOWEVER (adv.):
     I In whatever way:
     1 yathā yathā;
     2 yena yena prakāreṇa
     II To whatever degree: expr. by super. and api, h. poor: atyantadaridro'pi (f. drāpi); h. learned: paṇḍitavariṣṭho'pi; h. often: yāvato yāvato vārān.
     III At least: antataḥ.

HOWEVER (conj.):
     1 parantu: v. But.;
     2 tathāpiḥ v. Yet.

HOWL (subs.):
     1 cī(ci)tkṛtam;
     2 ākranditam;
     3 cītkāraḥ.

HOWL (v.):
     1 cī(ci)tkāraṃ karoti;
     2 ākrandati (krand, c. 1.).

HOWLING (adj.): "h. wilderness": nirmānuṣamaraṇyam.

HOWSOEVER: v. However.

HOY: potaḥ: v. Ship.

HOYDEN: grāmya (f. myā): v. Rude.

HUBBLE-BUBBLE: gurguriḥ (in Bengali).

HUBBUS: kolāhalaḥ: v. Tumult, uproar.

HUCKSTER (subs.): kṣudrapaṇyavikrayikaḥ -vikretṛ (m.) etc.

HUCKSTER (v.): kṣudrapaṇyāni vikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.).

HUDDLE (subs.): janasaṃmardaḥ (of person); saṅkaraḥ (of thing).

HUDDLE (v.): i.e. h. together: perh. piṇḍīkaroti: v. Also to crowd.

HUE (subs.):
     I Colour: q.v.: raṅgaḥ.
     II A shouting, so when a h. and cry is raised after a thief, those who hear and do not run after him also share in his guilt: utkrośatāṃ janānāntu hriyamāṇe dhane tathā | śrutvā ye nābhidhāvanti te'pi taddoṣabhāginaḥ||, N.s.

HUFF (subs.):
     I Rage: q.v.: manyuḥ.
     II A boaster: utsiktaḥ.

HUFF (v.): v. To swell, bully.

HUG (subs.): pariṣvaṅgaḥ: v. Embrace.

HUG (v.): pariṣvajate (svañj, c. 1.): v. To embrace.

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HUGE:
     1 viśālaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 vipulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 mahāpramāṇa (f. ṇā): v. Large, immense.

HUGELY:
     1 viśālam;
     2 vipulam: v. Largely.

HUGENESS:
     1 viśālatā;
     2 vipulatā: v. Largeness.

HULK: jīrṇanaukā. Ph.: to condemn to the h. s.: *potanirodham ādiśati (with gen.).

HULL:
     I Of fruits: puṭaḥ.
     II Of grain: tuṣaḥ.
     III Of a ship: expr. by potaḥ or nauḥ or naukā.

HUM (subs.):
     I Buzz: q.v.: huṅkṛ tam, with the h. of bees: madhulihāṃ huṅkṛ tena, K.
     II Of men: kalakalaḥ.
     III A low murmur: huṅkāraḥ, Sa.

HUM (v.):
     1 huṅkaroti;
     2 guñjati (juñja, c. 1.) (= to buzz).

HUM (interj.): hum huṃ rākṣasaḥ, Vi. i.

HUMAN:
     1 by comp., in h. tongue: manuṣyavācā, R.; h. nature: mānuṣatā, K.: v. Man;
     2 mānuṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ), h. body: mānuṣī tanuḥ, R. xvi. 22.;
     3 mānavaḥ (vī vaṃ) or- vīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), h. form: mānavaṃ rūpam, M. n.

HUMANE: dayālu (mfn.): v. Kind, benevolent.

HUMANELY: sadayam: v. Kindly.

HUMANITY:
     I Human nature:
     1 manuṣyatā -tvam;
     2 mānuṣyam.
     II Mankind: q.v.: manuṣyāḥ (m. pl.).
     III Humane feeling: dayā: v. Kindness.

HUMANIZE: vinayati (ni, c. 1.): v. To civilize.

HUMANLY: manuṣyavat, "H. speaking": manuṣyabuddhpā.

HUMBLE (adj.):
     I Low, mean: q.v.: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ).
     II Small, modest: kṣudra (f. drā). Ph.: and where (my) h. intellect: kva cālpaviṣayā matiḥ, R. i. 2.
     III Meek, not proud:
     1 namra (f. mrā), ava-;
     2 nirabhimānaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Proud, not. Ph.: to eat h. pie (fig.:) apamānaṃ puraskaroti mānaṃ pṛṣṭhe karoti, J.

HUMBLE (v.):
     1 namayati ava-, (c. of nam), h. s. his head to the foe of Namuchi: namayati namuceraraye śiraḥ, R.; h. ing the lofty: unnatān namayan, K.;
     2 namaskaroti.

HUMBLE-BEE:
     1 bhramaraḥ, honey of h. s.: bhrāmaraṃ bhadhu;
     2 bhṛṅgaḥ;
     3 aliḥ;
     4 dvirephaḥ;
     5 śilīmukhaḥ (rare).

HUMBLENESS:
     I Lowness, meanness: q.v.: nīcatā.
     II Humility: q.v.: namratā.

HUMBLING (adj.): darpaharaḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 darpahaḥ (hā haṃ); and sim. comp.s.

HUMBLY:
     1 namram ava-;
     2 nīcaiḥ (rare), R. v. 62.

HUMBUG (subs.): pratāraṇā (= deception: q.v.) (?)

HUMBUG (v.): pratārayati (c. of tṝ): v. To deceive, fool.

HUMDRUM: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ): v. Dull, slow.

HUMID: sārdra (f. rdrā): v. Moist.

HUMIDITY: ārdratā: v. Moisture.

HUMILIATE: garva manakti (mañja, c. 7.), harati (hṛ, c. 1.), hanti (han, c. 2.) etc. (with gen.): v. Also to humble. H. ing (adj.): v. Humbling.

HUMILIATION:
     1 avamānanā: v. Disgrace;
     2 darpabhaṅgaḥ and sim. comp.s. (= breaking of pride).

HUMILITY:
     1 namratā ava- vi-;
     2 nirabhimānatā and sim. comp.s. (= want of pride);
     3 vinayaḥ (good breeding).

HUMMING-BIRD: madhupriyaḥ (?) (comp. Assamese name).

HUMOROUS: Perh. sarasaḥ (sā saṃ); hāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= laughable).

HUMOROUSLY: perh. sarasam: v. Also jestingly, sportively.

HUMOUR (subs.):
     I Wit, h. ousness: rasikatā (?)
     II Disposition, temper:
     1 mavaḥ;
     2 prakṛtiḥ Ph.: he is in a bad h.: na prakṛtisthaḥ saḥ (?)
     III Whim: chandas (n.).
     IV Fluid: rasaḥ. Disorder (of the h.s of the body): doṣaḥ.

HUMOUR (v.):
     I To comply with the h. of: I will h. (our) master: ahaṃ svāminaḥ cittavṛttimanuvartiṣye (vṛt c. 1.), Sa. ii.; a fool by h. ing: mūrkha chando'nuvṛttena, H. iv. 104.
     II To favour: q.v.: abhyupapadyate (pad, c. 4.).

HUMOURIST: vaihāsikaḥ (?); parihāsavettṛ (m.) (?).

HUMOURSOME: v. Capricious, whimsical.

HUMP:
     1 gaṅuḥ;
     2 kakud (f.) (of a bull).

HUMP-BACKED, HUMPED:
     1 kṛbja (f. bjā);
     2 gaḍuraḥ (rā raṃ) or gaḍulaḥ (lā laṃ). H. bull: kakuhmat (m.).

HUNCH, HUNCHBACKED: v. Hump, humpbacked.

HUNDRED:
     I The numeral: śatam, I will give you h. villages śataṃḥ grāmān pradāsyāmi, A. r.; three h. years: abdaśatāni trīṇi,
     V p. iv. 24. 15.; h. times: śatavārān; in a h. ways: śatdhā; by hundreds: śataśaḥ; a h. thousand: lakṣam.
     II A district: maṇḍalam. N.B.
     V s. has śatādhyakṣaḥ = chief of h. (villages).

HUNDREDTH (adj.): śatatamaḥ (mī maṃ), h. part: śatatamī kalā, D. ii.

HUNDREDTH (subs.):
     1 śatāṃśaḥ
     2 śatabhāgaḥ;
     3 śatatamo bhāgaḥ.

HUNDREDWEIGHT: expr. by maṇam (= 2/3 of a cwt.).

HUNGER (subs.):
     1 kṣudhā, to allay h.: kṣudhāśāntaye, H.; (our) master is suffering from h.: svāmī kṣudhayā paripīḍyate, P. i. 16.;
     2 bubhukṣā, I will eat this in (my) first h.: prathamabubhukṣāyāmidaṃ khādāmi, H.
     3 kṣudh (gen. in comp.), and in a moment h. and thirst of all went off. kṣutpipāse ca sarveṣāṃ kṣaṇena vyapagacchatām, Mah. iii. 314.;
     4 aśanāyā (rare);
     5 jighasā (rare).

HUNGER (v.):
     I Lit.: kṣudhyati (kṣudh, c. 4.), better by adj.
     II Fig.: kṣudhyati (kṣudh, c. 4.).

HUNGRY, HUNGERED:
     1 kṣudhitaḥ (tā taṃ), I am h., my life is going out: kṣudhito'haṃ gataprāṇaḥ, Mah.;
     2 bumukṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), the h. monkey: bubhukṣitaḥ kapiḥ, A.r.;
     3 kṣudhārta (f. rtā), kṣudhāviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), kṣudhāpīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.; you are h.: kṣudhalurbhavān, P. i. 16.

HUNT (v. t.):
     I Lit.: mṛgayate (mṛg, c. 10.) or mṛgayāṃ karoti or carati (car, c. 1.), Ram.
     II Fig.: mṛgayate, a gem does not seek, but it is h. ed: na ratnamanviṣyati mṛgyate hi tat, Sa.: v. To search.

HUNT, HUNTING (subs.):
     1 mṛgayā, there is nothing so beneficial as h. yathā mṛgayā hyaupakārikī na tathānyat, D. viii.; to go out (for) h.: mṛgayāṃ yāti, Mah.; devoted to h.: mṛgayāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ), Sa. ii.;
     2 ākheṭaḥ -kaḥ, deer. h.: hariṇākheṭkaḥ, K. s. ix. 74.;
     3 mṛgavyam (rare), h.-forest: mṛgavyasatram, Ki. xiii. 9.

HUNTER:
     I One who hunts:
     1 vyādhaḥ (= professional h.);
     2 mṛgayuḥ (rare:) of more gen. application).
     II A hunting horse: vājin (m.), R. ix. 56. (?): v. Horse.
     III A hound: mṛgayākukkuraḥ; ākheṭikaḥ.

HUNTING-BOX, HUNTING-SEAT: mṛgayāsthalī.

HUNTSMAN:
     I A hunter: q.v.
     II A servant: mṛgayāpuruṣaḥ (?).

HURDLE: *kāṣṭhabandhaḥ or kāṣṭharoghaḥ.

HURL (v.):
     1 kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To cast, throw;
     2 pātayati (c. of pat) (= to cause to fall).

HURL (subs.):
     I A cast: q.v.: kṣepaḥ.
     II Tumult: q.v.: tumulam.

HURLING (subs.): a game: perh. kandukakṣepaḥ.

HURLY-BURLY: tumulam: v. Tumult, confusion.

HURRA, HURRAH: jayadhvaniḥ. and sim, comp.s.

HURRICANE:
     1 bhkaṣbhkā-nilaḥ. and sim. comp.s., a violent h. blew: mahābalo bhaṣkbhkāvāto vavau, Mah. i. 149. 2.;
     2 prabhañjanaḥ, H.;
     3 caṇḍavātaḥ javānilaḥ, etc. (any strong gale).

HURRIED (adj.):
     1 tvaritaḥ (tā taṃ) (= hasty: q.v.);
     2 tvarāvibhrānta (f. ntā) and sim. comp.s.

HURRIEDLY:
     1 tvaritam: v. Hastily;
     2 sasambhramam.

HURRY (v. i.): tvarate (tvar, c. 1.): v. To hasten.

HURRY (v. t.): tvarayati (c. of tvar): v. To Hasten.

HURRY (subs.):
     I Haste: q.v.: tvarā.
     II Bustle: sambhramaḥ.

HURRY-SKURRY (adv.):
     1 astavyastam;
     2 sasambhramam.

HURRYING (subs.): "there was h. to and fro": janā dhāvanto'tastataḥ: v. Also haste.

HURT (subs.):
     1 kṣatam, causing of h. kṣatadarśana, N.s.; vraṇam (= wound: q.v.);
     2 duḥkham (= pain: q.v.), to cause h. without drawing blood: śoṇitena vinā duḥkhamutpādayati, V. s.

HURT (v. t.):
     1 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To pain;
     2 kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.): v. To injure;
     3 tudati (tud, c. 6.), then the enemy h. (him) with sharp words: vāksāyakairatha tutoda tadā vipakṣaḥ, Si. xx. 77.;
     4 by subs.

HURTFUL:
     1 pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ), h. thing: pīḍākaraṃ dravyam, V. s.;
     2 hiṃsra (f. snā) (not of things): v. Injurious, mischievous.

HURTFULLY: v. Injuriously, mischievously.

HURTFULNESS:
     1 pīḍākaratā;
     2 hiṃsratā;
     3 better by adj.

HURTLE: saṃghaṭṭate (ghaṭṭ, c. 1.): v. To clash.

HUSBAND (subs.):
     1 patiḥ, get a h. who will not take to others: ananyabhājaṃ patimāpnuhi, Ku. iii. 63.; who had h. s and children: yāḥ patiputravatyaḥ, Ku. viii. 6.;
     2 bhartṛ (m.), will choose a second h.: bhartāraṃ dvitīyaṃ varayiṣyati, Mah.;
     3 svāmin (m.), but you (are my) h.: kintu svāmī tvam, H.;
     4 pariṇetṛ (m.), Sa;
     5 upayantṛ (m.), R.

HUSBAND (v.): vāhayati (c. of vahṛ): v. To use, till.

HUSBANDMAN: kṛṣīvalaḥ: v. Agriculturist, farmer.

HUSBANDRY:
     1 kṛṣikarman (m.), P.;
     2 kṛṣiḥ (= agriculture).

HUSH (interj.):
     1 śāntam;
     2 tūṣṇīm: v. Silent.

HUSH (adj., subs. v.): v. Calm, silent, silence.

HUSH UP: nigūhati -te (gūh, c. 1.): v. To conceal.

HUSK (subs.): tuṣa (mn.), unbroken h.: akhaṇḍaṃ tuṣam, D.

HUSK (v.): nistuṣayati, (nomi.);
     2 nistuṣīkaroti.

HUSKY:
     I Lit.: satuṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ).
     II Rough: q.v.: rūkṣa (f. kṣā).

HUSTING: saṃsad (f.) (= assembly: may be used in every sense).

HUSTLE:
     1 khalīkarotiḥ, Mr. ii.;
     2 niṣkāsayati (c. of kas) (= to drive out).

HUSWIFE: gṛhiṇī: v. Housewife.

HUT:
     1 kuṭī -raḥ:
     2 uṭajaḥ;
     3 parṇaśālā.

HUTCH: perh. koṣṭhaḥ, rabbit-h.: śaśakoṣṭhaḥ (?).

HUZZA:
     1 jayadhvaniḥ;
     2 jayāravaḥ;
     3 jayanādaḥ.

HYACINTH: sugandhilatābhedaḥ.

HYADS: pañcatāram -kam (??).

HYAENA: perh. tarakṣuḥ; mṛgādanaḥ (poet.).

HYBRID: *miśrajaḥ (jā jaṃ); khaccaraḥ (rā raṃ) (in Bengali).

HYDRA: *sahasraśirṣaḥ.

HYDRAULIC, -AL: *calajjalabalaḥ (lā laṃ).

HYDRAULICS: *calajjalavijñānam; dravagativijñānam.

HYDROCELE:
     1 vṛddhiḥ, Sr.;
     2 phalakoṣaśophaḥ, Sr.

HYDROCEPHALUS: perh. śirograhaḥ, Bha.; jalamastakaḥ, Williams.

HYDROGEN: *jalaprāṇaḥ jalasāraḥ abjananaḥ.

HYDROMEL: jalasaṃsṛṣṭaṃ madhu (n.) and sim. comp.s.

HYDROMETER: *dravamāpaḥ; jalamāpaḥ.

HYDROPHOBIA: lālāviṣadoṣaḥ (?), after Sr.; by ālarkaṃ viṣam (= canine poison).

HYDROPHTHALMIA: perh. vātābhiṣyandaḥ, Bha.

HYDROSTATICS: *sthirajalavijñanamḥ; acaladravavidyā.

HYDROMETER: *klodamāpaḥ Dunell's h.: *dānilaklodamāpaḥ.

HYMEN: vivāhadevatā; prob. agniḥ.

HYMENEAL: vaivāhikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Nuptial.

HYMN (subs.):
     1 stotram;
     2 ṛc (f.) (of the Rig Veda);
     3 sāman (n.) (of the Sama Veda), "kecidṛcaḥ stuticaturāḥ samudāharan | kecit praśaṃsāmālīḍhāni sāmāni jaguḥ ||", C.

HYMN (v.): gāyati (gai, c. 1.): v. To sing. celebrate.

HYP:
     I subs.: viṣādaḥ: v. Melancholy.
     II Verb: vivādayati (c. of sad).

HYPERBOLA: *udvṛttam adhivṛttam.

HYPERBOLE:
     1 atyuktiḥ;
     2 atiśayoktiḥ, Kav.

HYPERBOLIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

HYPERBOLICALLY:
     1 atyuktipūrvam -kam;
     2 atiśayoktyā.

HYPERBOLOID: *udvṛttasthūlam; ativṛttasthūlam.

HYPERCATALECTIC: prob. adhyakṣaraḥ (rā raṃ); by circumlo.

HYPERCRITIC: prob: doṣaikadṛś. (mfn.): v. Critic.

HYPERCRITC, -AL (adj.):
     I Of persons: doṣaikadṛś (mfn.) (?).
     II Of words, etc. by comp. or gen.

HYPERCRITICSM: doṣavicāraṇā. (?): v. Criticism.

HYPHEN: saṃyogacihram.

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HYPOCHONDRIA: prob. pottonmādaḥ; viṣādaḥ (= dejection, melancholy).

HYPOCHONDRIAC, -AL: prob. pittonmādin (f. ); viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā) (= dejected, melancholic).

HYPOCRISY: sambhaḥ: v. Also disguise, pretence.

HYPOCRITE:
     1 dāmbhikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 dharmadhvajin (f. ) (religious);
     3 vaiḍālavratikaḥ (like cats) "yasya dharmadhvajo nityaṃ suradhvaja ivocchritaḥ pracchannāni ca pāpāni vaiḍālaṃ nāma tadvratam ||" Sridhara;
     4 bakavṛttiḥ (like herons), "arvagdṛṣṭirnaikṛtikaḥ svārthasādhanatatparaḥ | śaṭho mithyāvinītaśca bakavṛttirudāhṛtaḥ ||" (comp. M. iv. 195. 6.).

HYPOCRITIC, -AL:
     I Of persons: v. Hypocrite.
     II Of acts etc.s kapaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ): v. Deceitful.

HYPOCRITICALLY:
     1 kapaṭena;
     2 chahmanā: v. Also externally, falsely.

HYPOTENUSE HYPOTHENUSE: karṇaḥ or śrutiḥ, Si.

HYPOTHECATE: ādhiṃ kṛtvā gṛhe gopāyati (gup, c. 10.), h. d article: gopyādhiḥ, Mit.

HYPOTHECATION: expr. by verb.

HYPOTHESIS: anubhavaḥ (??); anumānam (= inference).

HYPOTHETIC, -AL: anumavasiddha (f. ddhā) or -gṛhītaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

HYPOTHETICALLY: anubhavena or anubhavapūrvakam (??).

HYSSOP: *hiśokaḥ; oṣadhibhedaḥ.

HYSTERIA, HYSTERICS: harṣamūrcchā (??).

HYSTERIC, -AL; harṣabhūrcchālaḥ (lā laṃ) (??).


I: aham. N.B. Not expr. when the meaning is clear, I am coming: ayamāgato'smi, Mr. ix.; I do not know: na jāne, H.; I am going now: gamyate'dhunā, U.,

IAMBIC, LAMBUS:
     1 ādiladhurdvikaḥ;
     2 dhvajam.

IBEX: pārvatīyo chāgaḥ or ajaḥ.

IBIS: pakṣibhedaḥ; krauñcaḥ (??).

ICE (subs.):
     1 himaghanaḥ;
     2 tuṣārasaṅghātaḥ, Ku. v. 35.; and sim. comp.s.

ICE (v.): no equiv.: himīkaroti (?); tuṣārīkaroti (?)

ICEBERG: *himaghanasaṃhatiḥ; himasaṃghātakṣetram.

ICE-COLD:
     1 himaśutalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 tuṣāraśiśiraḥ (rā raṃ), K.;
     3 nihāranibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ), N.

ICE-HOUSE: himagṛhabh may do; *himaghanakoṣṭhaḥ.

ICHNEUMON:
     1 nakulaḥ:
     2 babhruḥ (rare).

ICHOR: of elephants:
     1 bhadaḥ;
     2 dānam (rare).

ICICLE: *himaghanakaṇaḥ -ṇikā. N.B. Not tuṣārakaṇaḥ =dew-drop.

ICONOCLAST: pratimāpothakaḥ.

ICY:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp. or
     II Ice-cold: q.v.

IDEA:
     I Conception: buddhiḥ, under the i. of a tiger: vyāghrabuddhpā. To have an i.: sambhāvayati (c. of bhū).
     II Opinion: q.v.: matam.
     III A thought: māvaḥ -nā.
     IV Platonic: perh. kalpanā.

IDEAL:
     I Mental: q.v.: mānasikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Conceived in the mind, visionary: kālpanikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     III Perfect, best: expr. by paramaḥ (mā maṃ), i. form of virtue: paramadharmalakṣaṇam.

IDEALISM: perh. bāhyaśūnyam -vādaḥ.

IDEALIST: bāhyaśūnyavādin (f. ) (??).

IDEALLY: manasā (= in mind): v. Ideal.

IDENTICAL: he is the i. person: sa evaiṣaḥ: v. Same.

IDENTIFICATION: v. To identify.

IDENTIFY:
     I To make to be the the same: mithunīkaroti (= to couple), S.; and sim. verbs.
     II To prove to be same: expr. by circumlo., to i. stolen property: loptramevaitaditi pradarśayati (c. of dṛś,) or pratipādayati (c. of pad): v. Also to recognize.

IDENTITY:
     I Sameness: q.v.: aikyam.
     II The condition of being identical: expr. by adj., to prove the i. of an offender: so'parādhyeva eṣa iti pratipādayati.

IDES: in Roman calendar: *madhyadinam.

IDIOCY: jaḍatā or jāḍyam: v. Also foolishness, insanity.

IDIOM: *vākapaddhatiḥ rītiḥ (??).

IDIOMATIC: expr. by subs.

IDIOMATICALLY: *vākpaddhatyanusāreṇa rītikrameṇa.

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IDIOSYNCRASY: vyaktigato bhāvaḥ (??).

IDIOT: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ): v. Also foolish, mad.

IDIOTCY: jaḍatā or jāḍyam: v. Also foolishness.

IDIOTIC: expr. by comp. or gen.: v. Also foolish.

IDLE (adj.):
     I Vain, useless: q.v.: nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II Lazy, inactive: q.v.: alasaḥ (sā saṃ) like the action of an i. (man): alasasya yathā kāryam. Vi. vi. 2.
     III Unemployed: q.v. avyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

IDLE (v.): i.e. i. away: kṣapayati (c. of kṣai): v. To waste, spend.

IDLENESS:
     I Laziness, inactivity:
     1 ālasyam;
     2 alasatā.
     II Uselessness: q.v.: nirarthakratā.

IDLER: alasaḥ: v. Also lazy, sluggard.

IDLY:
     I Vain: q.v.: nirarthakam.
     II Lazily: ālasyena.

IDOL:
     I Lit.:
     1 pratimā, oh. a wooden i.; no, no, of stone: kathaṃ kāṣṭhapratimā na na śailapratimā, Mr. ii.; i. of the goddes (Durgā): devīpratimā, A. p.;
     2 mūrtiḥ (= form; when the sense is clear);
     3 vigrahaḥ (rare);
     4 śālagrāmaḥ (of Vishnu), A. p.;
     5 liṅgam (of Śiva).
     II Fig.: perh. devatā; better by ārādhayati (c. of rādh) (= to worship).

IDOLATER:
     I Lit.:
     1 devapūjakaḥ;
     2 pratimāpūjakaḥ (?).
     II Fig.: ārādhayitṛ (m.): v. Adorer, worshipper.

IDOLATROUS:
     I Lit.: by comp. i. worship: pratimāpūjā.
     II Fig.: i. veneration: paramamaktiḥ: v. Excessive.

IDOLATRY:
     1 pratimāpūjā (?);
     2 devopāsanā (?).

IDOLIZE: devavat pūjayati (pūj, c. 10.), ārādhayati (c. of rādh), etc.

IDYL, IDYLL: gītakāvyam (??).

IF:
     1 yadi, if you are not delighted with the tremulous glances.......: lolāpāṅgairyadi na ramase, Me.; if so, I am fortunate: yadyevaṃ daddhanyo'ham, P.; or if you again get your place: tvayāthavā yadi labdhaṃ punarātmanaḥ padam, Ki.; even if his union was doubtful: sandigdho'pyasya samāgamo yadi syāt, K.; if (he) had not wagered: yadi paṇaṃ nākariṣyat, V.; then again if .....: punaraparaṃ yadi, K.;
     2 cet (never at the beginning of a sentence), if not: no cet, H. v. Otherwise; if on the other hand, you are waiting for time: atha cedavadhiḥ pratīkṣyate, Ki.; but if I could not find out some means here: api tu na cediha kamapyupāyamudbhāvayituṃ śaknuyām, D. N.B. Note the use of vidhiliṅ when the sentence implies that something may or might happen and of ḷṅ when it implies that something would have happened. laṭ luṭ and ḷṭ are used when it deals with facts actual or assumed, the first with present and the last two with future facts.

IGNEOUS:
     1 āgne yaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 vahrimayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

IGNIS-FATUUS: bhūtadīpikā (?); bhūtālokaḥ (?).

IGNITE:
     I Trans: jvalayati (c. of jval): v. To kindle.
     II Intrans:
     1 jvalati (jval, c. 1.);
     2 samidhyate (pass. of indha).

IGNITION:
     1 jvalanam;
     2 indhanam sam-;
     3 dīpanam.

IGNOBLE: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ): v. Mean, base, low.

IGNOBLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also meanly.

IGNOMINIOUS: yaśoghna (f. ghnī): v. Infamous, shameful, base.

IGNOMINY:
     1 nikṛtiḥ, did not bear the i. of being removed from the front seat: sāgrāsanāpanayajā nikṛtirna soḍhā, Mu. iv. ii.;
     2 nyakkāraḥ, Vi. v. 22.: v. Disgrace.

IGNORAMUS:
     1 ajñaḥ;
     1 nirbodhaḥ: v. Fool.

IGNORANCE:
     I Absol.: ajñānam.
     II In special subjects: anamiñjatā, i. of algebra: bījānabhiñjatā. Ph.: I will keep her in i. of it: na tāmetadabhiñjāṃ karomi: v. Also to conceal; to be in i. of: anabhiñja (f. ñjā) (with gen.).

IGNORANT (adj.):
     I Destitute of knowledge:
     1 añja (f. ñjā);
     2 abodha (f. dhā);
     3 ñjānahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), vidyāvihīnaḥ (nā naṃ), and sim. comp.s;
     4 apaṇḍita (f. ), avidvas (f. duṣī), etc. (= not learned).
     II Unacquainted:
     1 anabhiñja (f. ñjā) or occ. añja (f. ñja);
     2 by verb: v. Know, not.

IGNORANTLY:
     1 añjānataḥ;
     2 añjānāt;
     3 añjānena.

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IGNORE (v): na svīkaroti: v. To admit, not.

IGUANA:
     1 godhā or godhikā;
     2 gaudheyaḥ (raḥ).

ILIAC: i. passion: udāvartaḥ, Sr.

ILL:
     I Bad: q.v.: expr. by dur- or a- in comp., i. health: asusthatā.
     II In ill health:
     1 asusthaśarīraḥ (rā raṃ), Kādambari, who is very i.: balavadasusthaśarīrā kādabhbarī, K.;
     2 asustha or asvastha (f. sthā);
     3 pīḍitaḥ, i. with fever: jvarapīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also sick.

ILL (subs.):
     1 aniṣṭam;
     2 aśubhabh amaṅgalam, etc., crying i. of the boy: vatsasya maṅgalaviruddhaṃ raṭan, Vi. iii. 31.;
     3 pāpam, to wish i.: pāpaṃ vāñchati, Vi. ii. 50.: v. Also calamity.

ILL (adv.): expr. by adj. or subs: v. Also badly.

ILL- ADVISED (adj.): expr. by na samyagālocya or vivicya, i. action: avivekakarman.

ILL-AFFECTED:
     I Disaffected: q.v.: viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II III-disposed: q.v.

ILLATIVE:
     1 ānumānikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 ānuṣaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

ILL-BEHAVED:
     1 duḥśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 durācāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 durvṛtta (f. ttā).

ILL-BLOOD: dveṣaḥ vi-: v. Enmity.

ILL-BRED:
     1 durvinītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 avinītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 aśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

ILL-BREEDING:
     1 avinayaḥ;
     2 aśiṣṭatā;
     3 abhadratā.

ILL-DISPOSED:
     1 duṣṭabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 pāpabuddhi (mfn.,) etc.

ILLEGAL: *avaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ); vidhiviruddhva (f. ddhā).

ILLEGALLY: *vidhīn atirkramya pramathya, etc.

ILLEGIBILITY:
     1 expr. by adj.:
     2 durvācyatā.

ILLEGIBLE:
     1 na supaṭhaḥ (ṭhā ṭhaṃ);
     2 durvācya (f. cyā).

ILLEGIBLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 aspaṣṭākṣaraiḥ.

ILLEGITIMATE:
     I Illegal: q.v.:
     II Illogical: anyāyya (f. yyā).
     III Bastard: q.v.: vijanman (mfn.).

ILLEGITIMATELY: expr. by adj.

ILL-FATED: abhāgaḥ (gā gaṃ): v. Unlucky, unhappy.

ILL-FAVOURED: kadākāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Ugly.

ILL-GOTTEN:
     1 anyāyārjitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 anyāyalabdha (f. bdhā), etc.

ILLIBERAL:
     1 anudāraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare);
     2 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Niggardly, mean.

ILLIBERALITY:
     1 anaudāryam (rare);
     2 kṛpaṇatā or kārpavyam.

ILLIBERALLY:
     1 expr. by adj.:
     2 kārpaṇyena.

ILLICIT: niṣiddha or pratiṣiddha (f. ddhā) (= forbidden), V. s.

ILLICITLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also illegally.

ILLIMITABLE, ILLIMITED:
     1 niravadhi (mfn.);
     2 asīmaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Also endless, infinite.

ILLITERATE: aśikṣitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Ignorant (I).

ILL-MATCHED: na tulādhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), Vi. vi.: v. Unequal.

ILL-NATURED:
     I Of men:
     1 duṣprakṛti (mfn.);
     2 vakrasvabhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Mischievous: duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Of land: doṣavat (f. ).

ILL-NATUREDLY:
     1 duṣprakṛtyā;
     2 vakrasvamāvatayā.

ILLNESS:
     1 asusthatā (gen. i.);
     2 pīḍā: v. Discease.

ILLOGICAL:
     1 anyāyya (f. yyā);
     2 nyāyaviruddha (f. ddhā);
     3 ayuktisiddha (f. ddhā); etc. Ph.; i. conclusion: apasiddhāntaḥ, N. d. v. 2. 24.

ILLOGICALLY: na nyāyānusāreṇa or nyāyakrameṇa.

ILL-OMENED: aśubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ): v. Mischievous, omen.

ILL-STARRED:
     1 durdaivaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     2 daivopahataḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

ILL-TEMPER:
     1 kopanatā;
     2 krodhaśīlatā;
     3 caṇḍasvabhāvaḥ.

ILL-TEMPERED:
     1 kopanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 krodhaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā).

ILL-TIMED: akāla-kalpitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= planned), -vihitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= done), -uditaḥ (tā taṃ) (= said), etc.

ILL-TRAINED:
     1 aśikṣitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 apaśikṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ILL-TREAT: khalīkaroti: v. To maltreat.

ILLUDE: vipralabhete (labh, c. 1.): v. To deceive.

ILLUME, ILLUMINE:
     1 dyotayati ut-, (c. of dyut);
     2 bhāsayati (c. of bhās): v. To light (III).

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ILLUMINATE:
     I To illumine: q.v.
     II To adorn with lights: dīrpaiḥ udbhāsayati (c. of mas).
     III of manuscripts: rañjayati (c. of rañj).

ILLUMINATION:
     I The act:
     1 dyotanam pra-;
     2 udbhāsanam;
     3 dīpanam.
     II Festive decoration: dīpāliḥ (the i. festival).
     III Decoration of manuscripts: patrañjanam.
     IV Brightness, splendour: q.v.

ILLUMINATOR: of manuscripts: patrarañjakaḥ.

ILLUSION: māyā, is this an i. or is it delusion of my mind: māyā svideṣā mativimramo vā, Ki, zvi. 18.

ILLUSIVE, ILLUSORY:
     1 mithyā in comp.: v. False;
     2 asāraḥ (rā raṃ) (= unsubstantial). Ph.: i. show: māyā, i. clouds: māyāmeghamālā, K.

ILLUSTRATE:
     1 sphuṭīkaroti;
     2 udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To exemplify.

ILLUSTRATION:
     I The act.: expr. by verb: v. Also elucidation, explanation.
     II Example: q.v.: udāharaṇam, here in the first i.: atrādyodāharaṇe,, KUV.; i. s in order: krameṇodāharaṇam, Kav.

ILLUSTRATIVE: expr. by verb or subs., it is i. of this: tadetat sphuṭīkaroti or tasyodāharaṇametat.

ILLUSTRIOUS:
     1 mahāyaśas (mfn.); puṇyaślokaḥ (kā kaṃ); v. Famous, renowned, celebrated.

ILLUSTRIOUSLY: expr. by adj.

IMAGE (subs.):
     I Likeness: q.v.: Ph.: this boy is the very i. (of Rāma): [rāmasya] sampūṇa prativimbitaiva nikhilāsmin śiśāvākṛtiḥ, U. iv. 21.
     II An idol: q.v.:
     1 pratimā, i. -worship: pratimāpūjā;
     2 mūrtiḥ, how many varieties of i. s.: kati mūrtibhedāḥ, Li. 241.
     III Reflected i.:
     1 pratibimbam;
     2 chāyā (= shadow).
     IV Show, appearance: q.v.
     V Mental: kalpanā.
     VI Rhetorical: perh. citram.

IMAGE (v.):
     I To reflect: q.v.
     II Mentally: kalpayati (c. of kḷp).

IMAGERY:
     I Images: citrāṇi (n. pl.)
     II Appearance: q.v.

IMAGINABLE: saṃ-bhāvya (f. vyā) or māvanīyāḥ (yā yaṃ): v. To imagine.

IMAGINARY: kālpanikaḥ (kī kaṃ); v. Also false. Ph.: i. quantity: kālpanikarāśiḥ (?); karaṇī (= Surd).

IMAGINATION:
     1 māvanā saṃ-, or rarely bhāvaḥ, what can be skekSed by i.: sammāvanayotprekṣya (f. kṣyā), M. n.;
     2 kalpanā (= mental creation);
     3 cintā (= thought), like a poet's mind agitated with many hundreds of self-created i. s: svayamutpāditānekacintāśatākulā kavimatiriva, K.

IMAGINATIVE: expr. by comp.s.; i. power: kalpanāśaktiḥ.

IMAGINE:
     I To conceive: q.v.: saṃ-bhāvayati (c. of bhū).
     II To think: q.v.: bhāvayati vi-.
     III To contrive: q.v.: kalpayati (kḷp,) c. 10.).

IMBALM, IMBANK, etc.: v. Embalm, embank, etc.

IMBECILE:
     I Weak: q.v.: durbalaḥ (lā laṃ). Idiotic: jaḍamati (mfn.): v. Also foolish, childish.

IMBECILITY:
     I Weakness: q.v.: daurbalyam.
     II
     II Of mind:
     1 buddhimāndyam;
     2 bāliśyam (= childishness).

IMBIBE:
     I To drink in, absorb: q.v.: nipivati (, c. 1.).
     II To contract, acquire: q.v.: adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.).

IMBITTER, IMBLAZON, IMBODY, IMBOLDEN: V. Embitter, emblazon, embody, embolden.

IMBOSOM: kroḍīkaroti or kroḍe karotiḥ v. Also to embrace.

IMBRUE:
     1 ārdrokarotiḥ v. Wet;
     2 limpati (lip, c. 6.): v. Anoint.

IMBUE: rañjayati ami-, (rañj,) c. 10.) (lit. and fig.)

IMITABLE: anukaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or anukārya (f. ryā); better by verb.

IMITATE:
     1 anukaroti or kurute (kṛ, c. 8.), men i. the sound of peacock: puruṣo mayūravāsitamanukaroti, N. d.; for artists i. work after seeing: dṛṣṭvā kriyāmanukaroti śilpivargaḥ, Mr. ix. 33.;
     2 anuvidadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), Ki. ix. 10.;
     3 anuvadati (vad, c. 1.) (in speaking): v. To follow.

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IMITATION: anukaraṇam or anukriyā (both of the act and of the thing).

IMITATIVE:
     I Inclined to imitate:
     1 anukaraṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 anukaraṇapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ); etc.
     II Formed after a model: expr. by anukaraṇam, "was i. of the first": prathamasyānukaraṇam.

IMITATOR:
     1 anukārin (f. ṇī);
     2 anukāraka (f. rikā) (rare).

IMMACULATE:
     1 niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā);
     2 nirmalaḥ (lā laṃ); v. Pure, unstained, unblemished.

IMMACULATELY:
     1 niṣkalaṅkam;
     2 nirmalam;
     3 śuddham.

IMMATERIAL:
     I Incorporeal: q.v.: amūrta (f. rtā).
     II Unmimporatant: q.v.:
     1 akiñcitkaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 by circumlo.

IMMATERIALITY:
     1 amūrtatā;
     2 adehavattā;
     3 aśarīratā.

IMMATERIALLY: nirarthakam; v. (In) vain; (for) nothing.

IMMATURE:
     1 apaka (f. kvā);
     2 aparipakva (f. kvā);
     3 apariṇata (f. ).

IMMATURITY:
     1 apakvatā;
     2 aparipākaḥ;
     3 apariṇāmaḥ.

IMMEASURABLE:
     1 armayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 aparimeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 aprameyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 aparimitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

IMMEASURABLY:
     1 niratiśayam (= exceedingly);
     2 by circumlo.

IMMEDIATE:
     I Proximate, close:
     1 anantaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 avyavahitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Instant: expr. by adv.
     III Acting or congnized directly: perh avyavahitaḥ (tā taṃ).

IMMEDIATELY:
     I Proximately:
     1 anantaram;
     2 avyavahitam.
     II Instantly: q.v.
     1 sadyaḥ;
     2 sapadi. Ph.: i. after or on: anantarameva; i. on (his) saying: vacanāntarameva, K.: v. Also as soon as.

IMMEDICABLE: acikitsya (f. tsyā): v. Incurable.

IMMEMORIAL: i. time: asmārtakālaḥ, Mi.; i. custom: śaśvataḥ (or pāramparyāgataḥ, K. b.) ācāraḥ. M. i. 107.

IMMENSE
     I Excessive: q.v.: atyanta (f. antā).
     II Vast, infinite: q.v.: anantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

IMMENSELY:
     1 atyantam: v. Exceedingly;
     2 anantam: v. Endlessly.

IMMENSITY:
     I Infinity: anantatā.
     II Vastness: viśālatā.

IMMERGE, IMMERSE:
     I Trans: nimajjayati (c. of masj): v. To plunge, dip in.
     II Intrans: majjati ni-, (masj, c. 1.).

IMMERSION: majjanam ni-, (lit. and fig.).

IMMESH: pāśe badhyate ni-, (pass. of bandh).

IMMIGRANT: *adhipravāsin (f. ); or by circumlo, they are i. s: te svadeśaṃ parityajyātra nivasanti.

IMMIGRATE: *adhipravasati (vas, c. 1.); or by circumlo.

IMMIGRATION: adhipravāsaḥ; paradeśanivāsaḥ.

IMMINENCE:
     I Nearness: sannikarṣaḥ.
     II Impending evil: atyayikam.

IMMINENT:
     I Impending:
     1 āsannataraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 sannikṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Perilous: ātyayikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

IMMOBILE: acalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Immovable.

IMMOBILITY:
     1 acalatā -tvam;
     2 niścalatā -tvam;
     3 sthairyam.

IMMODERATE: aparimitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also excessive.

IMMODERATELY: aparimitam: v. Also excessively.

IMMODERATENESS: expr. by adj.: v. Immoderate, excessive.

IMMODEST:
     I Shameless: q.v.: nirlajjaḥ (jjā jjaṃ).
     II Low, unchaste: q.v.: perh. nirlajja (f. jjā).

IMMODESTLY: nirlajjam: v. Shamelessly, unchastely.

IMMODESTY: nirlajjatāḥ v. Shamelessness, unchastity.

IMMOLATE: baliṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To sacrifice.

IMMOLATION:
     1 baliḥ: v. Sacrifice;
     2 balidānam (the act.).

IMMOLATOR: balidātṛ (f. trī); v. Sacrificer.

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IMMORAL:
     1 asat (f. );
     2 asādhu (f. dhvī); v. Also vicious, corrupt.

IMMORALITY: vidharmaḥ -tā (?): v. Vice, profligacy.

IMMORALLY: dharmamatikramya (?): v. Viciously, wrongly.

IMMORTAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 amaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 avinaśvara (f. ) (= imperishable).
     II Eternal: q.v.: śāśvata (f. ).

IMMORTALITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 amaratvam -tā;
     2 avinaśvaratā (= imperishableness).
     II Perpetuity:
     1 nityatā;
     2 cirasthāyitā.

IMMORTALIZE: expr. by adj., it well i. him: etattamamaraṃ karivyati, or tasyānantakīrti sthāpayiṣyatiḥ v. Also to perpetuate.

IMMOVEABLE:
     1 acalaḥ or niścalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 niṣkampaḥ (mpā mpaṃ) (not shaking or swerving), but good men's minds are i.: niṣkampaṃ tu satāṃ manaḥ, K. s. xx. 120.: v. Moveable; firm.
     I (property): sthāvaram, Ya.

IMMOVEABLY: expr. by adj., i. fixed: niścalanibaddhaḥ, K.: v. Firmly.

IMMUNITY:
     I Privilege: q.v.
     II form: v. Exemption, freedom.

IMMUTABILITY:
     1 nirvikāratā;
     2 avikāritā;
     3 avikāryatā.

IMMUTABLE:
     1 nirvikāraḥ (rā raṃ):
     2 avikārin (f. ṇī);
     3 avikārya (f. ryā);
     4 avikāraḥ (rā raṃ).

IMMUTABLY:
     1 nirvikāram;
     2 by adj. or circumlo.

IMP:
     I A. scion, offspring: q.v.
     II A goblin: bhūtaḥ.

IMPACT: saṃghaṭṭaḥ "vāyudvayasaṃghaṭṭaḥ." V. d.

IMPAIR: kṣīṇīkaroti: v. To enfeeble, weaken.

IMPALE: v. To empale. I. ment: śūlāropaṇam.

IMPALPABILE:
     1 durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 duramigraha (f. ).

IMPANNEL: to i. a jury: *samyānāṃ nāmāni niveśayati (c. of viś)

IMPART (v.):
     1 vi-tarati (tṛ c. 1.), to i. knowledge: vidyāṃ virarati, U. ii. 4.;
     2 dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To give.

IMPATIAL:
     1 apakṣapātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 vipakṣapātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 apakṣapātin (f. );
     4 pakṣapātarahitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     5 pakṣapātahīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     6 samaḥ (mā maṃ) (= evenhanded: q.v.).

IMPARTIALITY:
     1 apakṣapātitā -tvam or apakṣapātaḥ, i. to suitors: arthiṣvapakṣapātaḥ, At.;
     2 samavṛttiḥ (= evenhandedness).

IMPARTIALLY:
     1 apakṣapātena;
     2 samam (= evenly).

IMPARTIBLE:
     I Indivisible: avimājya (f. jyā).
     II Capable of being imparted; vitaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); deyaḥ (yā yaṃ), pra-.

IMPASSABLE:
     1 agamya (f. myā) (= inaccessible);
     2 kalaṅghya (f. ṅghayā);
     3 dustaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     4 anatikramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), M. n.;
     5 anatiśayanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare), Ki. vi. 52.

IMPASSABLENESS:
     1 agamyatā;
     2 alaṅghyatā;
     3 dustaratā.

IMPASSIBLE:
     1 amedya (f. dyā) (what cannot be penetrated);
     2 aspṛśya (f. śyā) (what cannot be touched).

IMPASSIONED: tejasvin (f. (fiery, spirited).

IMPASSIVE: v. Impassible, insensible.

IMPATIENCE:
     I Inability to endure:
     1 akṣamā;
     2 asahiṣṇutā.
     II Of passion:
     1 akṣamā;
     2 amarṣaḥ, devoid of i.: amarṣaśūnya (f. nyā), Ki. i. 33.
     III Eagerness: q.v.

IMPATIENT:
     I Not tolerant:
     1 asahanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 asahiṣṇu, (mfn.).
     II Passionate:
     1 akṣamin (f. ṇī);
     2 amarṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 akṣamāparītaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     III Very eager: vyagra (f. grā).

IMPATIENTLY: expr. by adj., i. met the hostile army: akṣamāparītaḥ pratibalaṃ pratijagrāha, D. ii. 1.

IMPEACH:
     1 dharṣati (dhṛṣ, c. 1.) (= to assail) (?);
     2 amiśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.) (= to accuse: q.v.)

IMPEACHMENT: dharṣaṇā (?), i. of Hastings: *hastiṃsasya pradharṣaṇāḥ v. Also accusation.

IMPECCABILITY:
     1 niṣpāpatā;
     2 anaghatā;
     3 often by adj.

IMPECCABLE:
     1 niṣpāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 anaghaḥ (ghā ghaṃ);
     3 anenas (mfn.).

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IMPEDE: stamnāti (stambh,) c. 9.): v. To stop, hinder, retard.

IMPEDIMENT:
     1 vyāghātaḥ;
     2 pratibandhaḥ;
     3 pratyahaḥ;
     4 bādhā;
     5 pratiṣṭambhaḥ: v. Also obstacle.

IMPEL:
     I To drive: q.v.: praṇe (co) dayati (nud, or cud, c. 10.).
     II To urge on: q.v.:
     1 praṇo (co) dayati;
     2 ni-yojayati pra-, (-yuj,) c. 10.) (= to employ), i. s. me to ask: balānmāṃ praśnakarmaṇi niyojayati, K.

IMPEND:
     I To hang over: expr. by upari (= above).
     II To be imminent:
     1 pratyāsīdati (sad, c. 1.) (= approach);
     2 patati saṃ- ā-, (pat, c. 1.) (= to befall).

IMPENDENT, IMPENDING:
     1 pratyāsanna (f. nnā);
     2 sannikṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     3 upanataḥ (tā taṃ) (= arrived).

IMPENETRABILITY: abhedyatā etc.: v. Impenetrable.

IMPENETRABLE:
     1 abhedya (f. dyā), i. to the sun: abhānubhedya (f. dyā), K.;
     2 by circumlo, his mind is i. to advice: tasya manasi na viśantyupadeśāḥ;
     3 duṣpraveśaḥ (śā śaṃ) (what cannot be entered);
     4 gahanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= thick).

IMPENITENCE: kāṭhinyam (= hardness): v. Also repentance.

IMPENITENT:
     1 expr. by na anutapyate (tap, c. 4.): v. Repent;
     2 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (= hard).

IMPERATIVE:
     I Absolute, obligatory: akhaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā).
     II In gram. viñyarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ), "loṭpratyayo bhavati dhātorvidhyādiṣvartheṣu", Kāśikā.

IMPERCEPTIBLE:
     1 durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 durlakṣya (f. kṣyā): v. To perceive.

IMPERCEPTIBLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 alpālpam (= little by little).

IMPERFECT:
     I Not complete: q.v.: asampūrṇa (f. rṇā).
     II Defective, faulty: q.v.: vikalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     III In gram. bhutaḥ; laṅ (in Sanskrit gram. only).

IMPERFECTION:
     I Deficiency: q.v.: asampūrṇatā.
     II Fault, want: q.v.: doṣaḥ.

IMPERFECITLY: expr. by adj.: v. Incompletely.

IMPERFECTNESS:
     1 asampūrṇatā;
     2 vaikalyam;
     3 apūrṇatā.

IMPERIAL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp., i. title: adhirājaśabdaḥ, Mr. iv.; i. fortune: sāmrājyaśrīḥ, Si. xiv. 88.: v. Emperor, empire.
     II Superior: q.v.

IMPERIALIST: *sārvamavādin (f. ); adhirājapakṣaḥ.

IMPERIALLY: perh. adhirājavat: v. Royally.

IMPERIL: saṃśayasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ) karotiḥ v. Danger.

IMPERIOUS: uddhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Haughty, arrogant.

IMPERIOUSLY: addhatamḥ v. Haughtily, arrogantly.

IMPERIOUSNESS: auddhatyamḥ v. Haughtiness, arrogance.

IMPERISHABLE:
     1 avinaśvaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 avināśin (f. );
     3 akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= undecaying).

IMPERISHABLY: expr. by adj., "i. pure" nityaśuddha (f. ddhā), S.

IMPERMEABLE: it is i. to water: atra jalaṃ na praviśatiḥ v. To enter, impenetrable.

IMPERSONAL: in gram.: *prathamapuruṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ).

IMPERSONALLY: *prathamapuruṣe (loc. sing).

IMPERSONATE: v. To personate, personify.

IMPERTINENCE:
     I Irrelevancy: q.v.
     II Impudence, insolence: q.v.: dhāṣṭya or dhṛṣṭatā.

IMPERTINENT:
     I Irrelevant: q.v.: asamparka (f. rkā).
     II Impudent, insolent: q.v.: dhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).

IMPERTINENTLY:
     I Insolently: q.v.: dhārṣṭyena.
     II Irrelevantly: expr. by adj.

IMPERTURBABLE:
     1 akṣomya (f. bhyā);
     2 niṣkampa (f. mpā): v. Calm.

IMPERTURBABILITY:
     1 akṣomyātā;
     2 aprakampyatā (rare), Ki.: v. Calmness.

IMPERVIOUS: duṣpraveśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Impenetrable, impassable.

IMPERVIOUSLY:
     1 duṣpraveśam;
     2 better by adj.

IMPETUOSITY:
     1 vegaḥ v. Rush;
     2 caṇḍatā: v. Fury;
     3 saṃrambhaḥ: v. Race.

IMPETUOUS:
     1 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), pra- ut-, i. wind: caṇḍo marut, K. xvii. 44.;
     2 kharaḥ (rā raṃ), pra-, (= sharp: q.v.);
     3 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ) (=fierce: q.v.).

IMPETUOUSLY:
     1 caṇḍam pra-;
     2 mahāvegena (= swiftly: only of motion).

IMPETUOUSNESS: v. Impetuosity.

IMPETUS: vegaḥ saṃ- ā-, I cannot hold the i. of sorrow: na śaknomyahaṃ duḥkhāvegaṃ dhārayitum, K.

IMPIETY:
     I The quality: pāṣaṇḍabuddhiḥ v. Also piety, wickedness, irreligiousness.
     II Sin, guilt: q.v.: pāpam.

IMPINGE: abhihanti (han, c. 2.): v. To clash.

IMPIOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 pāṣaṇḍin (f. ) (= heretic);
     2 adhārmikaḥ (kīm kaṃ) (= irreligious);
     3 pāpiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) (= sinful);
     4 bhaktihīnaḥ (nā naṃ): (= wanting in faith).
     II Of acts, etc. pāpa- or pāṣaṇḍa- in comp.s.

IMPIOUSLY:
     1 pāṣaṇḍabudhdyā;
     2 by adj.

IMPLACABLE:
     I In gen.: ahārya (f. ryā) (= what cannot be taken away), of i. resolution: ahāryaniścayā, Mu. Ph.: i. enmity: āmaraṇāntikaṃ vairam, Mr.
     II In enmity: baddhavairaḥ (rā raṃ).

IMPLACABLY: by adj. or by circumlo.

IMPLANT: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), as you, i. ed in her heart, will not be removed even by Indra: hṛdaye nihitastayā bhavānapi nendreṇa yathāpanīyate, N. ii. 47.; it is true you have i. ed these excellences [among these things]: nihitāḥ satyamamī guṇastayā, R. viii. 60.: v. Also to put, keep.

IMPLEAD: āvedayati (c. of vid): v. Also to accuse, plead.

IMPLEMENT: upakaraṇam, i. of exercise: vyāyāmopakaraṇam, R.; whatever is one's i.: yadyasyopakaraṇam, Mit.: v. Tool.

IMPLICATE:
     1 sambadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (?);
     2 saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram) (falsely), might i. me in this crime: idamakāryaṃ mayi saṃkrāmayet, Mr. viii.

IMPLICATION:
     I Connection: sambandhaḥ.
     II An implying: dhvaniḥ, M. n. Ph.: by i.: bhaṅgyā, M. n.

IMPLICIT:
     I Implied: kāryataḥ (by action) or arthataḥ (by meaning).
     II Absolute, uncon- ditional:
     1 paramaḥ (mā. maṃ);
     2 niratiśayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

IMPLICITLY:
     I Impliedly: kāryataḥ or arthataḥ.
     II Absolutely:
     1 paramam;
     2 niratiśayam.

IMPLORE: amyarthayate (arth, c. 10.): v. To beg, ask (II.).

IMPLORINGLY:
     1 kṛtāñjali (mfn.) or añjaliṃ baddhā (= with joined palms);
     2 pādayoḥ patitvā (= falling at one's foot);
     3 jānumyāṃ mahīṃ gatvā (= kneeling).

IMPLY: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.) (= to indicate: q.v.): v. Also to involve, implicit (I). Ph.: it also i. ies.: idamapyarthāntaraṃ dhvanayati, M. n.

IMPOLICY:
     1 durnayaḥ;
     2 durnītiḥ;
     3 kurītiḥ;
     4 apanayaḥ.

IMPOLITE:
     1 aśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 asamyaḥ (bhyā bhyaṃ)

IMPOLITELY:
     1 śiṣṭācāram atikramya;
     2 asabhyatayā.

IMPOLITENESS:
     1 asamyatā;
     2 vinayāparādhaḥ;
     3 śiṣṭācārasyātikramaḥ.

IMPOLITIC:
     I Of men:
     1 nayabhedin (f. );
     2 nautyāṃ nāddyaḥ (tā taṃ), D.;
     3 pranaṣṭanīti (mfn.), B.; and sim. comp.s.
     II Of acts, etc.: comp., i. act.: durnayaḥ.

IMPONDERABLE:
     1 mārahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (?);
     2 amaraḥ (rā raṃ) (?); etc.

IMPORT (v.):
     I Of goods: videśāt or deśāntarāt ānayani (, c. 1.) or āharati (hṛ, c. 1.). I. ed from may be expr. also by: āgataḥ (tā taṃ) (= come), i. from China: cīnāgataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II To imply, mean: expr. by artha (= meaning) or amiprāyaḥ (= purport).
     III To concern:
     1 avalambate (lamb,) c. 1.);
     2 by gen.

IMPORT (subs.):
     I In. pl. imported goods: videśīyapaṇyāni; videśāgatadravyāṇi. and sim. comp.s.
     II Purport, meaning: q.v.: bhāvaḥ.
     III Importance: q.v.

IMPORTANCE: gauravam (of persons) or gurutvam -tā (of things), why do you raise into i. this attack by men: narāmiyogaṃ...kiṃ nayase gurutvam, B. xii. 17.; lightening mountains in i.: gauravena laghayanmahībhṛtaḥ, Ki. xiii. 33.: v. Also distinction, weight. Ph.: (a) of no i.: akiñcitkaraḥ (rī raṃ) or nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ); (b) of great, much i., etc.; bahuphalaḥ (lā laṃ), mahāprayojanaḥ (nā naṃ); etc.

IMPORTANT:
     1 guru (f. rvī) (mostly of things), the i. object begun has not been finished: gurvarthaḥ prārabdho na parisamāptaḥ, K.;
     2 mahat (f. ) (= great: q.v.). Ph.: for it is i. it is not i., etc.; = it is of i. ance, it is of no i. ance, etc.: v. Of i. ance.

IMPORTATION:
     I The act:
     1 deśantarādbhāṇḍānayanam, P.;
     2 paṇyānāmāgamaḥ, M. viii. 401.; and sim. expr.
     II = import: q.v.

IMPORTER: videśapaṇyāhartṛ (f. trī), better by verb.

IMPORTUNATE: expr. by verb or subs.

IMPORTUNE: anuruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), thus men i. d with improper demands: evaṃ nāmānurudhyamānāḥ pumāṃsaḥ, Vi. v.

IMPORTUNITY:
     1 anurodhaḥ;
     2 grahaḥ (= pertinacity).

IMPOSE: nyasyati (as, c. 4.), all burden (of state) is i. d. on a worthy minister: yogyasacive nyastaḥ samasto maraḥ, Ra. i. 10.: v. To put, employ. I. on or upon: vipralamate (labh, c. 1.): v. To deceive.

IMPOSING (adj.):
     1 prakāṇḍa- in comp.: v. Also wonderful.

IMPOSITION:
     I The act:
     1 nyāsaḥ;
     2 niyogaḥ (= employment).
     II Burden, tax: q.v.: karaḥ.
     III Deception: q.v.: vipralambhaḥ, even i. is for good: vipralambho'pi lāmāya, Ki. xi. 270.

IMPOSSIBILITY:
     I The quality:
     1 asādhyatā;
     2 aśakyatā.
     II An impossible thing: asādhyam: sv. Impossible.

IMPOSSIBLE:
     1 asambhavaḥ (vā vaṃ) (= improbable: q.v.);
     2 asādhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ) (what cannot be accomplished), there is nothing i. in this world: asādhyaṃ nāsti loke'tra, P.;
     3 aśakyaḥ (kyā kyaṃ) (what cannot be done), i. either to acquire or to avoid: aśakyārjanavarjanaḥ (nā naṃ), N. xvii. 62.

IMPOST: karaḥ: v. Tax, duty.

IMPOSTOR:
     1 dhūrtaḥ (= rogue), buffoons, i. s, and goblins are the authors of Vedas: vedasya kartāro bhaṇḍadhūrtaniśācarāḥ, D. s.;
     2 lokadambhakaḥ, M. iv. 195.: v. Also deceiver.

IMPOSTURE:
     1 chalanāḥ v. Deception;
     2 chadman (n.) (= disguise).

IMPOTENCE, IMPOTENCY:
     I Weakness: q.v.:
     1 vaikalyam;
     2 durbalatā.
     II Inability to beget:
     1 klaivyam; i. from birth: sahajaṃ klaivyam, Bha.;
     2 dhvajamaṅgaḥ (the usual from of i.) Bh.
     III Ungovernable passion: uddāmatā.

IMPOTENT:
     I Weak, feeble: q.v.: aśaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II Without generative power. suratāśaktaḥ, Bha.; klīvaḥ.
     III Violent: q.v.: "i. of tongue": aniyantritajihva (f. hvā).

IMPOTENTLY: durbalam (= weakly: q.v.).

IMPOUND (v.): niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To confine, shut up.

IMPOVERISH (v.):
     I Lit.: daridrīkarotiḥ v. Poor, make.
     II To exhaust the strength of: kṣīṇīkaroti.

IMPOVERISHED (adj.): naṣṭaghanaḥ (nā naṃ), gatavibhavaḥ (vā vaṃ), and sim. comp.s.

IMPOVERISHMENT:
     1 dhananāśaḥ dhanakṣayaḥ, etc.;
     2 dāridrām (= poverty).

IMPRACITICABILITY:
     1 duḥsādhyatā;
     2 ahāryatā; etc.

IMPRACTICABLE:
     I Impossible: dṛḥsādhya (f. dhyā).
     II Intractable: durdamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     III Impassable: durgamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     IV Inexorable: anivārya (f. ryā).

IMPRECATE:
     1 stauti or stavīti (stu, c. 1.) (= to pray);
     2 śapati-te (śap, c. 1.) (= to curse: q.v.)

IMPRECATION: abhicāraḥ, like the sharp i. s of the Atharva (Veda): atharvaṇastīvra ivābhicāraḥ, Vi. i. 62.: v. Also curse.

IMPRECATORY: ābhicārikaḥ (kī kaṃ), i. action: ābhicārikī kriyā, Ki. iii. 56.

IMPREGNABLE:
     1 alaṅghya (f. ṅghyā), the defences are most i.: alaṅghyatamā guptiḥ, D.;
     2 ajeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= inevitable).

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IMPREGNATE (v.):
     I To make preganant: garbhavatīṃ karotiḥ v. Pregant.
     II To fertilize: q.v.
     III To infuse: perh. niveśayati (c. of. viś).

IMPREGNATE (adj.): "i. with disease": rogagarbha (f. rbhā) (?).

IMPREGNATION:
     I Lit.: garbhādhānam.
     II Infusion: sammiśraṇam.

IMPRESS (v.):
     I To press: aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.).
     II To implant: q.v.: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     III To produce an effect on: harati (hṛ, c. l.) (to allure).
     IV To take by force for public service:
     1 dharati (dhṛ, c. 1.) (in Assamese);
     2 balād gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).

IMPRESS (subs.):
     I Mark: q.v.: cihnam.
     II Seal: q.v.: mudrā.

IMPRESSIBLE: expr. by verb: v. To impress.

IMPRESSION:
     I Marking: aṅkanam.
     II Mark: q.v.: cihnam.
     III Mental: Ph.: it made no i. on him. tasya hṛdayaṃ na jagrāha or jahāra or tasya hṛdaye sthānaṃ na lebhe.
     IV Idea: anumavaḥ.
     V An edition, copy: *anulipiḥ.

IMPRESSIVE:
     1 hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī), Ki.;
     2 hṛdayahārin (f. ṇī);
     3 hṛdayaspṛś (mfn.).

IMPRESSIVELY: expr. by adj. he speaks i.: tasya bhāratī hṛdayagrāhiṇī.

IMPRESSIVENESS:
     1 hṛdayagrāhitā;
     2 hṛdayahāritā.

IMPRINT: v. Impress.

IMPRISON: (v.):
     I Lit.: kārāyāṃ niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. Jail, to confine.
     II To restrain.

IMPRISONAMENT:
     1 kārāvāsaḥ;
     2 kārāgāraniṣevaṇam, Bha, and sim. comp.s.;
     3 nirodhanam. (= confinement), M. viii. 310.

IMPROBABILITY:
     I The quality:
     1 asambhavatā;
     2 asammāvyatā.
     II Anything improbable: asammavam.

IMPROBABLE:
     1 asammavaḥ (vā vaṃ), birth of a golden deer is i.: asambhavaṃ hemamṛgasya janma, H.;
     2 asammāvanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or asambhāvya (f. vyā), this is i. even in Bhīshma or in (our) preceptor Droṇa: bhīṣbhe'pyasambhāvyamidaṃ gurau vā, Ki. xvi. 23.

IMPROBABLY: expr. by adj., to talk i.: asammavaṃ vakti.

IMPROBITY: aśucitā: v. Dishonesty, Probity.

IMPROMPTU: v. Extempore.

IMPROPER:
     1 anucitaḥ (tā taṃ), i. language: anucitaṃ vacaḥ, K. s. xi. 2;
     2 ayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), etc.: v. Proper, not.

IMPROPERLY:
     1 anucitam;
     2 ayuktam;
     3 often by comp.

IMPROPRIATE: (grābhyajana-) haste nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (??).

IMPROPRIETY: anucitavyavahāraḥ, etc.: v. Unbecoming.

IMPROVE (v. t.):
     I To make better:
     1 expr. by adj.: v. Good;
     2 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh) (to increase: q.v.);
     3 ut-karṣati pra-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.) (rare).
     II To employ to good purpose: sadravyavahāraṃ karoti (with gen.).

IMPROVE (v. i.): i.e. to become better:
     1 by adj.;
     2 vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.): v. To increase;
     3 ut-kṛṣyate pra-, (pass. of kṛṣ) (rare). Ph.: I. See (she is) almost i. ing on Irāvati: atikrāmantīmiverāvatīṃ prekṣe, Mal. i.

IMPROVEMENT:
     1 utkarṣaḥ (= excellence);
     2 unnatiḥ (= advancement);
     3 vṛddhiḥ (= increase).

IMPROVIDENCE:
     1 asamīkṣyakāritā;
     2 pramattatā (= carelessness).

IMPROVIDENT:
     1 asamīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (= carelessness).

IMPROVIDENTLY:
     1 asamīkṣya;
     2 sapramādam (= carelessly).

IMPRUDENCE:
     1 avivekaḥ, i. is the great seat of evils: avivekaḥ paramāpadāṃ padama, Ki. ii. 30.;
     2 avivekitā.

IMPRUDENT:
     1 avivekin (f. );
     2 vivekahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), B. and sim. comp.s.

IMPRUDENTLY: avivekena or nirvivekenaḥ v. Also rashly.

IMPUDENCE:
     1 dhārṣṭyama;
     2 nirlajjatāḥ v. Shamelessness.

IMPUDENT:
     1 nirlajjaḥ (jjā jjaṃ); v. Shameless;
     2 dhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Confident;
     3 durvinītaḥ (tā taṃ) (= III-bred).

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IMPUDENTLY:
     1 nirlajjam: v. Shamelessly;
     2 dhārṣṭeyanaḥ v. confidently.

IMPUGN:
     1 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To deny, contradict;
     2 dharṣati (dhṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To assail.

IMPUGNER: prativādin (f. ) (?); better by verb.

IMPULSE, IMPULSION:
     I The act: praṇo (co) danam.
     II Force communicated: expr. by pratighātaḥ or saṃghaṭṭaḥ (= clash): v. Also speed.
     III Mental:
     1 bhāvagatiḥ (?);
     2 by verb praṇo (co) dayati.

IMPULSIVE: of persons: yo māvagatyā kāryāṇyavicārya karoti.

IMPULSIVELY: expr. as above.

IMPUNITY: daṇḍamokṣaḥ (?). with i.: nirbāgham.

IMPURE: aśuddha (f. ddhā);
     2 aśuci (mfn.); etc.: v. Pure.

IMPURELY:
     1 aśuddham, etc.: v. Purely;
     2 samalam: v. Foully.

IMPURITY:
     I The condition:
     1 aśuddhiḥ;
     2 aśaucam;
     3 amedhyatā.
     II Anything impure: expr. by n. or adj. aśuci amedhyam, etc.

IMPUTABLE: āropaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), sam- adhi-; better by verb.

IMPUTATION:
     I The act.: āropaṇam.
     II Accusation, blame: q.v.: apavādaḥ.
     III Hint, notice: q.v.

IMPUTE:
     I To attribute: q.v.: aropayati (c. of ruh), sam-.
     II To accuse: q.v.: apavadati (vad, c. 1.).
     III To reckon, regard: q.v.: vigaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.).

IN:
     I Denoting where: by loc., in the house of Vasudeva: vasudevasadmani, Si.; in (the work) Yogapradipa: yogapradīpe,
     V p. com.; in the first chapter: prathamepāde, S. Ph.: in one place: ekatra, Vi.; in my presence: paśyato me; in the hearing of Sugriva: śṛṇvataḥ sugrīvasya, Ram.
     II Denoting when: by loc., in childhood: śaiśave, R.; in the first or the third year: prathame'bde tṛtīye vā, M.
     III Denoting by what time: by ins., (he) studied Anuvāka in a day: ahnānuvāko'dhītaḥ, S. K.; in twenty years: viṃśtyā vatsaraiḥ, Raj. Ph.: in a short time: acireṇa, K.
     IV Denoting how: by ins., passing in a balloon: vimānena vigāhamānaḥ, R.; resolving in his mind: manasā niścitya, K.; in Anuṣṭubh metre: ānuṣṭubhena chandasā, U.; in the style of butterflies: śālabhena vidhinā, Mu.; in what manner: kena prakāreṇa. Vet.: in rage: krudhā, Si. Ph.: in short: kiṃ bahunā, K. V., of direction:
     1 by ins., 16 miles in breadth: vistāreṇa yojanadvayam, Mat.;
     2 better by comp.: v. Length, breadth.
     VI To denote other circumstances: by loc., in deciding: nirṇaye, Mr.
     VII The interior: abhyantaram, took him in: tamabhyantaraṃ ninye, C.; go or come in: abhyantaraṃ praviśa, Vi., Mr. Ph.: in most cases: bahuśaḥ; in all likelihood: prāyeṇa, Sa.; "not in man" i.e. not the nature of man: v. Nature; in that: v. Because; in consequence of: v. On account of; in the name of (i.e. on behalf of): -arthe or -vacanāt.

INABILITY:
     1 asāmarthyam;
     2 aśaktiḥ;
     3 akṣamatā.

INACCESSIBILITY:
     I Of places:
     1 agamyatā;
     2 durāsadatvam.
     II Of documents, etc.:
     1 durlamatā;
     2 duṣprāpyatā.

INACCESSIBLE:
     I Of places:
     1 durgamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 agamyaḥ (myā myaṃ);
     3 durāsadaḥ (dā daṃ).
     II Unattainable: q.v.: durlabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ)
     III Of persons: durlabhadarśanaḥ (nā naṃ).

INACCURACY:
     1 aśuddhatā;
     2 aśuddhiḥ: v. Mistake.

INACCURATE: aśuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. Erroneous.

INACCURATELY: aśuddhama: v. Also erroneously, falsely.

INACTION:
     1 by vinā karmaṇā or kāryeṇa;
     2 audāsīnyam (= indifference); viśrāmaḥ (= rest).

INACTIVE:
     I Inert: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ).
     II Not active:
     1 niṣkarman (mfn.);
     2 mandakarman (mfn.);
     3 alasaḥ (sā saṃ) (idle);
     4 nirudyogaḥ (gā gaṃ) (= not diligent).

INACTIVITY:
     I Inertness: jāḍyam.
     II Idleness: q.v.:
     1 niṣkarmatā;
     2 nirudyogaḥ;
     3 kāryadveṣaḥ.

INADEQUACY:
     1 aprācuryam;
     2 akṣamatā (= inability).

INADEQUATE:
     1 apracuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= incapable).

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INADEQUATELY:
     1 apracuram;
     2 na paryāptam;
     3 by adj.

INADMISSIBLE:
     1 agrāhya (f. hyā);
     2 agrahaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INADVERTENCE, INADVERTENCY: anavadhānam: v. Inattention.

INADVERTENT: anavahitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Inattentive.

INADVERTENTLY: anavadhānenaḥ v. Inattentively.

INALIENABLE: na parairādeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. expr. (?);
     2 vahārya (f. ryā). (what cannot be taken away).

INALIENABLY: expr. by adj.

IN-AND-IN: dyūtaviśeṣaḥ; *caturakṣaḥ.

INANIMATE:
     1 acetanaḥ (nā na);
     2 vicetanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 nirjīvaḥ (vā vaṃ).

INANIMATION:
     I Lit.: acetanatā -ttvam.
     II Animation: ullāsaḥ.

INANITION: asāratā: v. Emptiness.

INAPPLICABLE: expr. by na lagati (lag, c. 1.), etc.: v. To apply.

INAPPOSITE:
     1 ayuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ);
     2 asaṅgataḥ (tā taṃ).

INAPPRECIABLE: durupalabhyaḥ (myā myaṃ) (?): v. To appreciate.

INAPPREHENSIBLE:
     1 duṣparigrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ).

INAPPROACHABLE: durāsadaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Inaccessible.

INAPPROPRIATE: ayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ): v. Undeserving, fit.

INAPPROPRIATELY:
     1 ayuktam;
     2 anucitam;
     3 by adj.

INAPTITUDE: anupayogitā: v. Aptitude, incapacity.

INARTICULATE:
     1 asoaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 asphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ).

INARTICULATELY:
     1 aspaṣṭam;
     2 asphuṭam.

INARTIFICIAL:
     1 akṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 akṛtakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Also simple.

INASMUCH AS:
     1 yasmāt;
     2 yataḥ: v. For, because.

INATTENTION:
     1 asāvadhānatā;
     2 amanoyogaḥ;
     3 pramādaḥ

INATTENTIVE:
     1 asāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 anavadhānaḥ (nā naṃ) or anavahitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= inadvertent);
     3 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (= careless);
     4 amanoyogin (f. ) (rare);
     5 anavekṣin (f. ṇī) (= not looking after).

INATTENTIVELY:
     1 asāvadhānatayā;
     2 amanoyogena;
     3 sapramādam.

INAUDIBLE: asphuṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) (= indistinct); better by circumlo.; na karṇam āyāti (, c. 2.) or karṇagocarībhavati.

INAUDIBLY: asphuṭam; better by circumlo.

INAUGURAL:
     1 by comp;
     2 prathamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= first).

INAUGURATE:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā) (?);
     2 abhiṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.) (?).

INAUGURATION:
     1 pratiṣṭhā (?);
     2 abhiṣekaḥ (?).

INAUSPICIOUS:
     1 aśubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 amaṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 amaṅgalya (f. lyā);
     4 akalyāṇa (f. ṇā);
     5 akṣemaḥ (mā maṃ).

INAUSPICIOUSLY:
     1 aśubham;
     2 amaṅgalam;
     3 akṣemam.

INBORN, INBRED: sahajaḥ (jā jaṃ): v. Natural.

INCALCULABLE: agaṇya (f. ṇyā): v. Innumerable.

INCANDESCENCE: expr. by adj. or by verb: prajvalati (jval, c. 1.).

INCANDESCENT:
     1 prajvalat (f. ntī);
     2 uttaptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ) (= hot).

INCANTATION:
     1 mantraprayogaḥ (the act);
     2 mantrāḥ (m. pl.) (the formulae).

INCAPABLE:
     1 akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 asamartha (f. rthā);
     3 aśakta (f. ktā);
     4 śaktihīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp.s.

INCAPACITY:
     1 asamarthatā;
     2 akṣamatā;
     3 asāmarthyam;
     4 śaktinatā and sim. comp.s.

INCARCERATE: kārāyāṃ niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To imprison.

INCARNATE:
     1 vapuṣmat (f. );
     2 mūrtimat (f. );
     3 vigrahin (f. ṇī);
     4 kāyavat (f. );
     5 mūrta (f. rtā);
     6 śarīrabaddha (f. ddhā);
     7 tanuṃ śritaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

INCARNATION:
     1 avatāraḥ (= descent:) esp. of the ten i. s. of Vishnu);
     2 śarīragraham and sim. comp.s.

INCASE: āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5); v. To enclose.

INCAUTIOUS:
     1 pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Careless, inattentive;
     2 asamīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī) (= not circumspect).

INCAUTIOUSLY:
     1 pramādāt: v. Carelessly;
     2 asamīkṣya.

INCENDIARISM:
     1 gṛhadāhaḥ;
     2 āgāradāhaḥ; etc.

INCENDIARY:
     I Subs:
     1 gṛhadāhakaḥ (f. hikā);
     2 āgāradāhin (f. );
     II Adj.: expr. by comp.

INCENSE:
     1 dhūpaḥ;
     2 sihlaḥ (rare).

INCENSE: (v.):
     I Lit.: dhūpa(pā)yati (dhūp,) c. 10.) or dhūpena vāsayati (c. of vas).
     II To kindle: q.v.: saṃghukṣayati (c. of dhukṣ).

INCENTIVE:
     1 kāraṇam (= cause);
     2 pralobhanam (= temptation);
     3 by verb: v. To urge.

INCERTITUDE: aniścayaḥ: v. Uncertainty, doubt.

INCESSANT:
     1 avirataḥ or anavarata or anārataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 aviśrānta or aśrānta (f. ntā); v. Also continuous.

INCESSANTLY:
     1 avoratam;
     2 anavaratam;
     3 aśrāntam;
     4 avitatam: v. Also continually, always.

INCEST:
     1 agamyāgamanam (of men), V.;
     2 gamanam (when the sense is clear), i. with a mother: mātṛgamanam.

INCESTUOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 agamyāgāmī;
     2 agamyāgantṛ (m.).
     II Of acts: by comp., for i. intercourse: agamyāgamanārtham or agamyārtham, N. xvii. 15.

INCESTUOUSLY: expr. by adj or by circumlo.

INCH: sārddhāṅgulaḥ (aṅgula = 2/3 of an i.). By i. es: alpālpaśaḥ: v. Gradually.

INCHOATE: asampūrṇa (f. rṇā) (= incomplete); asamāptaḥ (= unfinished); prārabdha (f. bdhā) (= begun).

INCIDENCE: patanam or pātaḥ (?), angle of i.: *pātakoṇaḥ.

INCIDENT (adj.):
     I Carnal: q.v.:
     II Attaching to: ānupaṅgika (f. ).

INCIDENT (subs.):
     I Event: q.v.: vṛttam.
     II Episode: upakathā.

INCIDENTAL:
     I Accidental: q.v.: yādṛcchika (f. ).
     II Occasionally: expr. by adv.

INCIDENTALLY:
     I Accidentatlly: q.v.: samāpattyā.
     II Occasionally:
     1 prasaṅgāt;
     2 kathāprasaṅgena, Ki. i. 24.

INCIPIENCE, INCIPIENCY: prārambhaḥ: v. Beginning.

INCIPIENT:
     1 prathamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= first);
     2 by subs.

INCISED: i. wound: chinnam or chinnaṃ vraṇam, Ni.

INCISION:
     1 chedaḥ;
     2 chinnam: v. Cut.

INCISIVE: atitīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā) (= very sharp: q.v.).

INCISOR: rājadantaḥ, N. vii. 46.

INCITE: utsāhayati pra- sam-, c. of. sah), i. ing Bhānuvarman: bhānuvarmāṇaṃ protsāhya, D.: v. Also to impel, encourage.

INCITEMENT:
     1 protsāhaḥ -nam;
     2 by verb.

INCITER: protsāhaka (f. hikā) or protsāhayitṛ (f. trī).

INCIVILITY:
     1 aśiṣṭatā;
     2 vinayāparādhaḥ, Vi.

INCLEMENCY: perh. karkaśatā or raukṣyam (= harshness).

INCIEMENT:
     I Harsh, cruel: niṣṭhuraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Of weather: perh. karkaśaḥ (śām śaṃ); durdinam or vārdalam (of cloudy weather).

INCLINATION:
     I Leaning: natiḥ.
     II Fancy: q.v.: māvaḥ.
     III Desire: q.v.: chandas (n.).

INCLINE: (subs.): utsarpiṇī (= ascending) or avasarpiṇī (= descending) bhūmiḥ, Mat.

INCLINE (v. i.):
     I To lean: namati (nam, c. 1.).
     II To be disposed: expr. by -pravaṇa (f. ṇā) in comp. or by abhilāṣaḥ (= desire), however my mind is i. d: yathāvidho me manaso'bhilāṣaḥ, R.

INCLINE (v. t.):
     I To bend: q.v.: namayati (c. of nam).
     II To dispose: expr. as above: v. Also to induce.

INCLINED (adj.):
     I Disposed: -pravaṇa (f. ṇā) in comp.
     II In. math, nataḥ (tā taṃ).

INCLOSE, INCLOSURE: v. Enclose, enclosure.

INCLUDE: expr. by antarmavati (bhū, c. 1.) or antarvartate (vṛt, c. 1.) or antaḥpatati (pat, c. 1.) (= be i. d), some are. i. d. in these: kecidantarbhavantyeṣu, Kav. viii. 7.; is i. d. in motion: gamane'ntarbhaviṣyati, Ta: v. To contain.

INCLUSIVE: expr. by ins. or with sah there i. of self: ātmanā tṛtīyaḥ, vi. i.; from Monday to Saturday i.: somavāramārabhya saśanivāraparyantam (?).

INCLUSIVELY: sarvaṃ parigṛhya or gṛhītvā.

INCOGNITO:
     1 avaruddhva (ddhā ddhaṃ), some prince travelling i.: ko'pi rājasūnuravaruddhaścaran, D. iii.;
     2 pracchanna (f. nnā) (= hidden), Ki. xvi. 19.

INCOHERENCE, INCOHERENCY:
     1 asambandhaḥ;
     2 asambaddhatā.

INCOHERENT: asambaddha (f. ddhā): v. Also inconsistent.

INCOHERENTLY: expr. by adj., talking i.: asambaddhapralāpin (f. ), Sa.

INCOMBUSTIBLE:
     1 adāhya (f. hyā);
     2 adahanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare).

INCOME: āyaḥ, without thinking of the i.: āyamanālocya, H.; sources of i.: āyadvārāṇi, Mat.

INCOMMENSURABLE, INCOMMENSURATE: *viṣamamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

INCOMMODE: bādhate (bādh,) c. 1.) (?); pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) (?).

INCOMMODIOUS: perh. asukhakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

INCOMMUNICABLE:
     1 apradeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what cannot be given);
     2 akathanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= what cannot be told).

INCOMPARABLE:
     1 anupamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 nirupamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     3 atulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 apratimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     5 addhitīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= without a second).

INCOMPARABLY:
     1 nirvivādam (= indisputably);
     2 niḥsandeham (= undoubtedly);
     3 paramam (= exceedingly).

INCOMPATIBILITY:
     1 visaṃvādaḥ (= disagreement);
     2 virodhaḥ (= opposition).

INCOMPATIBLE:
     1 viruddha (f. ddhā (= opposed);
     2 by circumlo, vanity is i. with fortune: na mānitā cāsti bhavanti ca śriyaḥ, Ki. xiv. 13.

INCOMPETENCE, INCOMPETENCY: akṣamatā: v. Incapacity.

INCOMPETENT:
     1 akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Incapable;
     2 ayogya (f. gyā) (= unfit).

INCOMPLETE:
     1 asampūrṇatā; (f. rṇā);
     2 asamāpta (f. ptā) (= unfinished);
     3 khaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= broken).

INCOMPLETELY:
     1 asampūrṇam;
     2 na pūrṇam or sampūrṇam or paripūrṇam.

INCOMPLETENESS:
     1 asampūrṇatā;
     2 apūrtīḥ (rare).

INCOMPREHENSIBILITY:
     1 duṣparigrahatā;
     2 durgrāhatā.

INCOMPREHENSIBLE:
     1 duṣparigrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     2 durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 durbodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (rare), Ki. xviii. 31

INCONCEIVABLE:
     1 acintya (f. ntyā);
     2 acintanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 avimāvya (f. vyā).

INCONCEIVABLY: expr. by adj.

INCONCLUSIVE: khaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (what can be repelled).

INCONCLUSIVELY:
     1 anirṇayena (?);
     2 by adj.

INCONCLUSIVENESS: khaṇḍanīyatā; anirṇayaḥ (?).

INCONCRUITY:
     1 asaṅgatiḥ;
     2 asāṅgatyam (rare).

INCONGRUOUS: asaṅgataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also improper.

INCONGRUOUSLY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 anucitam (= improperly).

INCONSIDERABLE: abahu (f. hnī); v. Also little, moderate.

INCONSIDERATE:
     I Of men:
     1 avimṛśyakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 asamīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī).
     II Of acts: expr. with avimṛśya or asamīkṣya.

INCONSIDERATELY:
     1 avimṛśya;
     2 asamīkṣya;
     3 avivicya.

INCONSIDERATENESS:
     1 avimṛśyakāritā;
     2 asamīkṣyakāritā.

INCONSISTENCE:
     I In gen.:
     1 visaṃvādaḥ (= disagreement);
     2 virodhaḥ (= opposition).
     II Fickleness: q.v.: asyairyam.

INCONSISTENT:
     I In gen.:
     1 viruddha (f. ddhā) (= opposed);
     2 asaṅgattaḥ (tā taṃ) (=incongruous);
     3 by na saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.) (= disagree).
     II Fickle: q.v.: asthiraḥ (rā raṃ).

INCONSISTENTLY: expr. by adj.

INCONSOLABLE:
     1 duḥsā(śā)ntvanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 nirāśvāsaḥ (sā saṃ).

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INCONSONANT: expr. by na saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.): v. Inconsistent, discordant.

INCONSTANCY:
     1 asthiratā;
     2 anavasthitaḥ: v. Fickleness.

INCONSTANT:
     1 asthiraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 anavasthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Fickle. constant.

INCONSUMABLE: akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) or akṣayya (f. yyā), i. even after hundred year's enjoyment: varṣaśatopabhoge'pyakṣayya (f. yyā), D. iv.

INCONTESTABLE:
     1 akhaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= incontrovertible);
     2 nirvivādaḥ (dā daṃ) (= indisputable).

INCONTINENCE, INCONTINENCY:
     I Lit.:
     1 asaṃyama.;
     2 ajitendriyatā.
     II Indulgence of lust: indriyāsaktiḥ. Ph.: arising from i.: ratirāgasambhavaḥ (vā vaṃ), R. xix. 48.

INCONTINET: Lit.:
     1 asaṃyataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 ajetendriyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Lustful: indriyāsakta (f. ktā).

INCONTINENTLY:
     I Lit.: asaṃyatam.
     II Immediately: q.v.: acireṇa.

INCONTROLLABLE:
     1 niryantraṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 niravagrahaḥ (hā haṃ), Vi.

INCONTROVERTIBLE: akhaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā) or akhaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INCONTROVERTIBLEY: nirvivādena (= indisputably).

INCONVENIENCE:
     1 asukham (?);
     2 kleśaḥ (= trouble);
     3 pīḍā (=pain).

INCONVENIENT:
     I Unfit: q.v.: ayogya (f. nyā).
     II Incommodious:
     1 asukhakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (?);
     2 kleśakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (?);
     3 pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ) (?).

INCONVENIENTLY: expr. by adj.

INCONVERTIBLE: aparivartanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (??); better by circumlo: v. To change.

INCONRPORATE (v. t.):
     I To mix: q.v.: miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.).
     II To unite: q.v.: saṃyojayati (c. of yuj)
     III To form into a legal body: *samavāyīkaroti.

INCORPORATE (v. i.):
     1 saṃsṛjyate (pass. of. sṛj);
     2 miśrīmavati saṃ-.

INCORPORATION:
     I Union, combination: q.v.: saṃyogaḥ
     II Of companies etc: *samavāyīkaraṇam.

INCORPOREAL:
     1 aśarauraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 adehaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 aśarīrin (f. ṇī); and sim. comp.s.: v. Body, devoid of.

INCOPRECT:
     1 aśuddha (f. ddhā);
     2 mrānta (f. ntā) (= erroneous);
     3 mithyā (=false: q.v.).

INCORRECTLY:
     1 aśuddham;
     2 mrāntam;
     3 mithyā;
     4 nāñjasā (rare).

INCORRECTNESS:
     1 aśuddhiḥ;
     2 asatyatā (= falsity).

INCORRICIBLE: expr. by dardānta (f. ntā) (= intractable, of persons only) or duranta (f. ntā) (= fatal, extreme).

INCORRIGIBLY:
     1 expr. as above, to drink i.: durantaṃ pibati;
     2 by circumlo: v. To correct.

INCORRUPT, INCORRUPTED: v. Incorruptible.

INCORRUPTIBILITY:
     1 avinaśvaratā;
     2 aduṣyatā;
     3 abhedyatā: for dif.: v. Imperishable.

INCORRUPTIBLE:
     1 avinaśvaraḥ (rā raṃ) (= imperishable):
     2 akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= undecaying);
     3 adraṣya (f. ṣyā) (cannot be defiled);
     4 abhedya (f. dyā) (as with bribe), K. b.

INCORRUPTIBLY: expr. by adj.

INCREASE: (v. i.):
     1 vardhate vi- pari- saṃ- pra- abhi-, (vṛdh, c. 1.), the fish i. d there (i.e. became large): sa tatra vavṛdhe matsyaḥ, Mah. iii. 187. 22.; of i. d. spirit: vivṛddhatejas (mfn.), Ki. xvi. 7.; do your penances i. (i.e. advance): vardhate te tapaḥ, B. vi. 69.; i. ing affection: vardhamānaḥ snehaḥ, H. ii. 1.;
     2 vṛddhiṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), yāti (, c. 2.), aśnute (, c. 5.), etc.;
     3 edhate sam-, (edh, c. 1.) (rare);
     4 upacīyate (pass of ci).

INCREASE (v. t.):
     1 vardhayai vi- pari- saṃ- pra-, (c. of vṛdh), you are i. ing my curiosity: vardhayasi me kutūhalam, Mu. v.; does not i. it (fortune): na tāṃ vardhayati, H. ii. 5.; i. (= advance) them who faltter: taṃ vardhayati yaḥ stauti, K.;
     2 vṛddhiṃ nayati (, c. 1.) or lambhayati (c. of labh), etc.;
     3 edhayati sam-, (c. of edh) (rare);
     4 upa-cinoti (ci, c. 5.).

INCREASE (subs.):
     1 vṛddhiḥ, (rarely) vi- saṃ-, causing the i. of wealth: dhanavṛddhikaraḥ (rī raṃ), K. b.; i. and decrease (of days): hānivṛddhi-, Su. xii. 56.; the i. (i.e. interest) allowed by Vasistha: vasiṣṭhavihitā vṛddhiḥ, M. viii. 140.;
     2 vardhanam sam- vi-, (= the act of i. ing).

INCREDIBILITY:
     1 aviśvāsyatā;
     2 aśraddheyatā.

INCREDIBLE: aviṃśvāsya (f. syā);
     2 aśraddheyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INCREDIBLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INCREDULITY:
     1 aviśvāsaḥ;
     2 apratyayaḥ;
     3 aśraddhā.

INCREDULOUS:
     1 aviśvāsin (f. );
     2 aviśvāsaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?): v. Credulous.

INCREDULOUSLY:
     1 aviśvāsena;
     2 aśraddhayā; etc.

INCRIMINATE: v. To implicate, criminate.

INCRUST:
     1 expr. by subs;
     2 tiraskaroti (??).

INCRUSTATION:
     1 bāhyapaṭalam (??);
     2 tiraskāraḥ (?), his rage was like iron i.: lauhatiraskāra ivātmamanyuḥ, Ki.

INCUBATE: avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.) (?) (comp. vasā in Bengali): v. Also to hakS.

NCUBATION: aṇḍapoṣaṇam (?); aṇḍamṛtiḥ (after Mah.).

INCUBUS: i. e. nightmare: perh. bhūtadarśanam.

INCULCATE: śsti anu- (śās, c. 2.): v. To advise, teach.

INCULCATION: śāsanam anu-: v. Also teaching.

INCUMBENCY: Ph.: during his i.: tasyādhikāre.

INCUMBENT (adj.): v. Indispensable, obligatory.

INCUMBENT (subs.): adhikṛtaḥ (= employee).

INCUMBER: v. Encumber.

INCUR:
     1 majate (bhaj, c. 1.), he i. s guilt: sa doṣabhāk, Ku. v. 83; the doer of this i. s. the punishment of a thief: tatkartā cauradaṇḍamāk, Mit.;
     2 by circumbo. i. s the hatred of people: dveṣyatāṃ yāti loke, P.: v. To become.

INCURABLE:
     1 asādhya (f. dhyā), i. piles: asādhyo gulmaḥ, Bha.; i. by physicians: miṣajāmasāvya (f. dhyā), R. viii. 93.;
     2 acikitsya (f. tsyā) (only of disease).

INCURABLY: expr. by adj or circumlo, i. ill: acikitsyarogākrānta (f. ntā).

INCURIOUS: I am i. about snakes: na naḥ kutūhalamasti sarpadarśane, Mu. ii.: v. Curious, not.

INCURSION: avaskandaḥ: v. Inroad.

INCURVATE: vakrīkaroti: v. To bend, crokked.

INDEBTED:
     1 ṛṇin (f. ) (Lit.: also rarely fig.);
     2 upakṛtaḥ (tā taṃ): (fig.): v. Obliged.

INDEBTEDNESS:
     I Lit.: ṛṇitvam.
     II Fig.: expr. by ṛṇam: v. Also obligation, to owe.

INDECENCY: aślīlam -tā, i. is of there kinds (according) as it indicates shame, abhorrence, or evil: tridhāślīlaṃ vrīḍājugupsāmaṅgalavyañjakatvāt, Kav. vii.

INDECENT:
     1 aślīlaḥ (lā laṃ), i. language: aślīlā vāk, Mit.

INDECENTLY:
     1 aślīlam;
     2 by adj.

INDECISION:
     I Hesitation: aniścayaḥ.
     II Fickleness: q.v.:
     1 calacittatā;
     2 asthiramanaskatā.

INDECISIVE:
     1 aniścitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= not certain);
     2 sandigdha (f. gdhā) (= doubtful).

INDECISIVELY:
     1 aniścitam;
     2 sandigdham: v. Doubtfully.

INDECLINABLE: i. word: avyayam; i. compound: avyayīmāvaḥ.

INDECOROUS:
     1 avinītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 anucitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= improper).

INDECOROUSLY: expr. by adj.;
     2 avinayena.

INDECORUM: avinayaḥ: v. Also in decency.

INDEED:
     I Emphatic:
     1 -eva (enclitic), you know i. that from (the time of) deserting (his) wife: jānāsyeva yathā vadhūtyāgāt prabhṛti, U. ii.;
     2 nūnam (= surely: q.v.).
     II (In) fact: q.v.: vastutaḥ.
     III Of surprise: satyam (= truly: q.v. t.), i. you have been informed by Chandrikā: satyaṃ tvaṃ parigatārthā candrikayā, Mah. iv.
     IV Concessive:
     3 khalu, family knowledge is i. hightly thought of by every body: kāmaṃ khalu sarvasyāpi kulavidyā bahumatā, Mal. i.;
     3 kila, he i.: sa kila, K.

INDEFATIGABLE akhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Assiduous, diligent.

INDEFATIGABLENESS: akhinnatā: v. Also assiduity, diligence.

INDEFATIABLY:
     1 akhinnam;
     2 by adj.: v. Also diligently.

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INDEFEASIBLE: akhaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā) or akhaṇḍanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INDEFENSIBLE: expr. by circumlo, your conduct is. i.: *vaktuṃ na śakyate kiñciccaritasya kṛte tavaḥ v. Also to defend.

INDEFINITE:
     1 anirvacanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Definable.

INDEFINITE:
     1 aniśvitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= uncertain);
     2 asthiraḥ (rā raṃ) (= not fixed). Ph.: i. article: *anirūpakamavyayam.

INDELIBLE
     1 akṣaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 by circumlo: v. To efface.

INDELICACY: grāmyatā: v. Rudeness.

INDELICATE: grāmya (f. myā): v. Rude, offensive.

INDELICATELY: aślīlam (= indecently): v. Also rudely.

INDEMNIFICATION:
     1 udayadānam (?);
     2 kṣatipūraṇam (?).

INDEMNIFY: udayaṃ dāpayati (c. of ) or dadāti (, c. 3.), Vi.: v. Also loss, make good.

INDEMNITY: act. of i.: *rakṣāvidhiḥ; kṣamāvidhiḥ.

INDEMNONSTRABLE: asādhya (f. dhyā) (?): v. To demonstrate.

INDENT:
     I To nokS: q.v.
     II Of stationery etc: perh. yācate (yāc, c. 1.) (= to ask).

INDENTED:
     I NokSed: danturaḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Sent for: yācitaḥ (tā taṃ) (??).

INDENTURE: niyamapatram (??)

INDEPENDENCE:
     1 svādhīnatā;
     2 svātantryam: v. Freedom.

INDEPENDENT (adj.):
     I Free: q.v.:
     1 svādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 svatantra (f. ntrā).
     II Not obsequious: svamatānuvidhāyin (f. ) (?); anurodhābhedya (f. dyā) (?).
     III Bold, unconstrained: q.v. IV. I. of = exclusive of: q.v.: vihāya (with acc.): v. Also except.

INDEPENDENT (subs.): *svādhīnadharbhavādin (f. ).

INDEPENDENTLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 svaādhīnatayā;
     2 svātantreṇa, i. of the husband: martṛtaḥ svātantryeṇa, Da.
     II Apart from: expr. by atirekeṇa in comp. or by vihāya (= excepting: q.v.).

INDESCRIBABLE:
     1 anirvacanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 anurdeśaya (f. śayā);
     3 anākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ); etc.

INDESTRUCTIBILITY:
     1 avinaśvaratā -tvam;
     2 avināśitā -tvam.

INDESTRUCTIBLE: avinaśvaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 avināśin (f. ).

INDETERMINABLE:
     1 anavadhāraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), R. xiii. 5.; durnirūpaḥ (pā paṃ), M. n.;
     3 durnirūpaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) etc.

INDETERMINATE: v. Indefinite. Ph.: i. equation: *bahuphalasamīkaraṇam.

INDETERMINATELY: by adj. or Prest. part: v. To determine.

INDEX:
     I Of a book: sūci (), -patram, alphabetical i.: varṇānusāreṇa sūcipatram.
     II Of a dial, etc.: (?) pradeśinī (= the i. finger).
     III In Math.: *rūpam.

INDIA: bhāratabh -varṣam, I. is now under my sway: bhārataṃ varṣamadya mama vartate vaśe, SI. xiv. 5.

INDIAN: bhāratavarṣīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?)

INDICATE:
     1 sūcayati saṃ- pari-, (sūc, c. 10.), i. d by curved frowns: ābhugnabhrukuṭīsaṃsūcitaḥ (tā taṃ), Vi. v. 21.;
     2 vyanakti (vyañj, c. 7.), a cloud whose interval thunder is i. d by lighting: vidyaduvyañjitavajragarmajaladaḥ, Vi.;
     3 kathayati (kath, c. 10) (= to speak: q.v.), i. s the corpereal union of Śiva and Śivā: kathayati śivayoḥ śarīrayogam, Ki. v. 40.;
     4 darśayati pra-, (c. of dṛś) (= to shew: q.v.).

INDICATION:
     1 lakṣaṇam, i. of fever: jvaralakṣaṇam, Bha.;
     2 vyañjanam, ? Ve. vi. 2.: v. Also mark, sign.

INDICATIVE:
     1 sūcaka (f. cikā), a noise i. of man: śabdo mānuṣasūcakaḥ, A. r.;
     2 vyañjaka (f. ñjikā), Kav.;
     3 by verb. The i. or i. mood: *pravedanāyāṃ prayogaḥ.

INDICT: samabhi- yunakti or yuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.): v. To accuse.

INDICTABLE: samabhiyojya (f. jyā); mahā (= great) in comp.

INDICTION: *sūcanā; pañcadaśavarṣamitakālagaṇanābhedaḥ.

INDICTMENT: samabhiyogaḥ (?), bill of i.: *samamiyogapatram.

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INDIFFERENCE:
     I Apathy:
     1 audāsyam or audāsīnyam;
     2 upekṣā, harm in i.: upekṣāyāṃ doṣaḥ, M. n.
     II Impartiality, everness: q.v.: niḥsaṅgatā.
     III Passableness: expr. by adj.: v. Indifferent (III)
     IV Making no difference: nirviśeṣaḥ v. Difference.

INDIFFERERENT:
     I Apathetic:
     1 udāsaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 udāsīnaḥ (nā naṃ), even on an i. son or minister: sute'mātye'pyudāsīne, H. ii. 134.;
     3 nirīhaḥ (hā haṃ) (= without any effort). To bei.:
     1 udāste (ās, c. 2.), men who are i. to enemise: naro'rau ya udāsate, Si. ii. 42.;
     2 upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), who is i. to (your) loosely hanging matted hair: upekṣateyaḥ ślathalambinīrjaṭāḥ, Ku. v. 47.
     II Impartial, neutral: q.v.: niḥsaṅga (f. ṅgā).
     III Passable: nātyuttamaḥ (mā maṃ); nātimandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ) (?).
     IV Having no difference: nirviśeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ); better by subs: v. Difference.

INDIFFERENTLY,
     I Making no difference: nirviśeṣeṇa.
     II Without concern:
     1 audāsyena;
     2 upekṣayā;
     3 by adj.
     III Impartially: q.v.: niḥsaṅga (f. ṅgā).
     IV Passably: yathā tathā.

INDIGENCE, INDIGENCY:
     1 dainyam (= destitution);
     2 dāridyram (= poverty);
     3 niḥsvatā (rare).

INDIGENOUS:
     1 svadeśajaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 svadeśajātaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 svedeśodbhavaḥ (vā vaṃ).

INDIGENT:
     1 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 daridraḥ (drā draṃ);
     3 niḥsvaḥ (svā svaṃ);
     4 akiñcanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= having nothing), Ku.

INDIGESTIBLE:
     1 durjaraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare), Sr.;
     2 yāḥ (yā yat) kṛcchre ṇa jīryati or pākaṃ gacchati.

INDIGESTION: ajīrṇatā ajīrṇam, (rarely) ajīrṇāḥ.

INDIGNANT: saṃjātamanyu (mfn.): v. Enraged.

INDIGNANTLY: expr. by adj.

INDIGNATION: prob. manyuḥ ami- applied equally to rage and sorrow, B. vi. 30.: v. Anger, rage.

INDIGNITY: apamānam, pocketing i. ies.: apamānaṃ puraskṛtya, J.: v. Insult.

INDIGO: nīlam or nilī, dyed with i.: nīlīraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), A.s.; where i. is sown: vāpitā yatra nīlī syāt, A.s.

INDIRECT:
     I Not direct: anṛju (mfn.): v. Crooked.
     II Unfair, dishonest: q.v.: anṛju (mfn.).
     III Not express: expr. by adv. Ph.: i. taxation: *vakrakarādhānam; i. speech (in Gram.): prathamapuruṣoktiḥ (??).

INDIRECTLY: i.e. not expressly;
     1 kaṭākṣeṇa;
     2 maṅgayā,

INDISCRECTNESS:
     I Crookedness: q.v.: anṛjutā.
     II Unfairness: anṛjutā.
     II Of remarks, etc.: by adv.

INDISCREET: avivekaḥ (kā kaṃ).: v. Imprudent.

INDISCREETLY: avivekena: v. Rashly.

INDISCRETION: avivekaḥ v. Imprudence.

INDISCRIMINATE: expr. by adv.: v. Also promiscuous.

INDISCRIMINATELY:
     1 nirviśeṣeṇa;
     2 avivicya.

INDISPENSIBLE:
     1 nirupekṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?);
     2 aparihārya (f. ryā) (= what cannot be avoided).

INDISPENSIBLY: expr. by adj., i. necessary: atyāvaśyakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INDISPOSE: v. Disqualify, disinclined.

INDISPOSED:
     I Averse: q.v.: viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II In health: kiñcidasusthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ): v.
     III

INDISPOSITION:
     I Aversion: q.v.: viraktiḥ.
     II Slight illness: asusthatā.

INDISPUTABLE:
     1 na vivaditavya (f. vyā), S.;
     2 avivadanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 nirvivādaḥ (dā daṃ).

INDISPUTABLY: nirvivādena, etc.: i. proved: avivādasiddha (f. ddhā),
     V d.

INDISSOLUBLE: akṣaraḥ (rā raṃ); v. Also imperishable.

INDISSOLUBLY: akṣaram (rare); better by circumlo: v. To dissolve.

INDISTINCT: aspaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) or avispaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (rare).

INDISTINCTLY:
     1 aspaṣṭam;
     2 na vispaṣṭatayā, R.

INDISTINCTNESS:
     1 aspaṣṭatā,
     2 na vispaṣṭatā: v. Also confusion, uncertainty, obscurity

INDISTINGUISHABLE:
     1 aparicchedya (f. dyā);
     2 paricchettumaśakya (f. kyā).

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INDITE: likhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To write, compose.

INDIVIDUAL (subs.): vyaktiḥ: v. Person.

INDIVIDUAL (adj.):
     I Single, one: q.v.
     II Distinctive: vyaktigataḥ (tā taṃ).

INDIVIDUALITY:
     I A state of oneness: pṛthaktvam, Par.
     II The character of an individual: vyaktigataviśeṣaḥ (?).

INDIVIDUALLY:
     I Singly: ekaikaśaḥ.
     II Inseparably: q.v.

INDIVISIBILITY:
     1 amājyatā -tvam;
     2 avimājyatā tvam.

INDIVISIBLE:
     1 amājya (f. jyā);
     2 avimājya (f. jyā), Mit.

INDOCILE:
     1 avineyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 avidheyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 na vaśya (f. śyā).

INDOCILITY:
     1 avineyatā;
     2 aviveyatā: v. Intractableness.

INDOCTRINATE: śikṣāpayati (c. of śikṣ); v. To instruct, teach.

INDOLENCE:
     1 tandrā (= sloth);
     2 ālasyam (= ideleness);
     3 stambhaḥ (?);
     4 karmaparāṅmurakhatā (?).

INDOLENT:
     1 tandritaḥ (tā taṃ) (= slothful);
     2 alasaḥ (sā saṃ) (= idle);
     3 stabdha (f. bdhā) (rare), H. ii. 108.;
     4 kāryaparāṅmukha (f. khī) (?).

INDOLENTLY: expr. by adj., to do i.: tandritaḥ karoti.

INDIOMITABLE:
     1 durdānta (f. ntā);
     2 durdamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     3 adamya (f. myā).

INDOOR (adj.); gṛha- (= house) in comp.

INDOORSE, INDORSEMENT: v. Endorse, endorsement.

INDUBITABLE:
     1 asandigdha (f. gdhā);
     2 niḥsandrhaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Undoubted.

INDUBITABLY:
     1 asaṃśayam;
     2 niḥsandeham: v. Undoubtedly.

INDUCE:
     I To introduce: q.v.
     II To cause: q.v.: janayati (c. of jan).
     III To persuade, urge: q.v.:
     1 pravartayati (c. of vṛt);
     2 harati (hṛ, c. 1.) (= allure).

INDUCEMENT: no exact equiv.: pralobhanam (= temptation: q.v.:) v. Also motive.

INDUCT: pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To consecrate.

INDUCTION:
     I In philo: bahudṛṣṭimūlamanumānam; *āvahaḥ.
     II Formal appointment: pratiṣṭhāpanam (?).
     III Entrance, beginning, introduction: q.v.

INDUCTIVE: i. philosophy: *āvahadarśanam; i. reasoning: *āvāhikatarkaḥ sādhāraṇadṛṣṭimūlastarkaḥ.

INDUE: v. Endue, endow.

INDULCE (v. i.): indriyusukheṣu or indriyamogeṣu or viṣayeṣu āsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) or nirataḥ (tā taṃ).

INDULGE (v. t.):
     I To humour: lālayati (lal, c. 1.).
     II To gratify: q.v.: toṣayati (c. of tuṣ).
     III To grant: q.v.: vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.).
     IV To give way: q.v.

INDULGENCE:
     I Humouring: lālanam.
     II Gratification: q.v.: i. of passions: indriyāsaktiḥ.
     III Favour granted: prasādaḥ. Ph.: to treat with i.: v. To indulge.

INDULGENT: expr. by verb: v. Also compliant.

INDULGENTLY: sadayam (= kindly, mildly: q.v.).

INDURATE: kaṭhinīkarotiḥ v. To harden.

INDUSTRIOUS:
     1 karmiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 karmaṭhaḥ (ṭhā ṭhaṃ);
     3 karmaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     4 vyavasāyaparaḥ (rā raṃ);
     5 pariśramin, (f. ṇī);
     6 udyogin (f. ); v. Active, diligent.

INDUSTRIOUSLY:
     1 sodyogam;
     2 udyamena;
     3 adhyavasāyena.

INDUSTRY:
     1 vyavasāyaḥ or adhyavasāyaḥ, no work bears fruit without: i.: vyavasāyaṃ vinā karma na phalati, P. ii. 5.;
     2 pariśramaḥ (= labour);
     3 udyogaḥ (= effort);
     4 abhiyogaḥ (=diligence);
     5 karmiṣṭhatā.

INDWELLING (adj.):
     1 hṛdayastha (f. sthā;
     2 antarvartin (f. ).

INEBRIATE (v.): mattīkarotiḥ v. To intoxicate.

INEBRIATED: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Drunk.

INEBRIATION, INEBRIETY: mattatā: v. Drunkenness.

INEFFABLE:
     1 anākhayeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 anirvacanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INEFFABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

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INEFFECTIVE: expr. by effective and not.

INEFFECTIVELY:
     1 niṣphalam;
     2 vyarrgam: v. In vain.

INEFFECTUAL: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fruitless. To make i.: moghīkarotiḥ v. To frustrate.

INEFECTUALLY: niṣphalam: v. Fruitlessly.

INEFFICACIOUS:
     1 na phalavat (f. );
     2 na guṇavat (f. ).

INEFFICACY:
     1 niṣphalavattā;
     2 nirguṇavattā;
     3 better by circumlo.

INEFFICIENCY: asāmarthyam (= incapacity): v. Efficiency.

INEFFICIENT:
     1 kāryākṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 adakṣa (f. kṣā) (= not expert);
     3 akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= incapaple).

INELEGANCE:
     1 alāvaṇyam;
     2 amāghuryam: v. Elegance.

INELEGANT:
     1 asundaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 amadhuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Elegance.

INELEGANTLY: karkaśam (harshly, roughly: q.v.).

INELIGIBILITY, INELIGIBLE: V. Eligibility, eligible; not.

INELOQUENT: aprauḍha (f. ḍhā) (?): v. Eloquent.

INEPT:
     I Improper: q.v.: anucitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Foolish, useless: q.v.: expr. by mūrkhatā.

INEPTITUDE:
     I Unfiyness: q.v.: ayogyatā.
     II Foolish, useless: q.v.: expr. by mūrkhatā.

INEQUALITY: vaiṣamyam: v. Difference, equality.

INERT:
     I Lit.:
     1 jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ): v. Also immoveable.
     II Inactive: q.v.: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ).

INERTIA, INERTNESS: jāḍyam or jaḍatāḥ v. Also inactivity.

INERTLY: jāḍyenaḥ v. Slowly, indolently.

INESTIMABLE:
     1 agaṇya (f. ṇyā);
     2 anirūpya (f. pyā): v. Also invaluable.

INEVITABLE:
     1 avaśyammāvin (f. ) (what must befall);
     2 aparihārya (f. ryā) (= unavoidable);
     3 anivārya (f. ryā) (= irresistible).

INEVITABLENESS:
     1 avaśyambhāvitā;
     2 aparihāryatā;
     3 anivāryatā.

INEVITABLY:
     1 avaśyam: v. Must;
     2 niyatam: v. Certainly.

INEXACT: ayathārtha (f. rthā): v. Also incorrect.

INEXCUSABLE:
     1 amarṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 akṣantavya (f. vyā).

INEXCUSABLY: vinā kenāpi kāraṇena: v. Also excuse.

INEXHAUSTIBLE: akṣayaḥ (yā yaṃ) or akṣayya (f. yyā), Me. ii. 10.

INEXISTENCE: nāstitvam -tā, D. s.

INEXORABLE:
     1 nānurodhya (f. dhyā) (?);
     2 kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ) (= hard): v. Also implacable.

INEXORABLY:
     1 niścalam (= immoveably);
     2 kaṭhinam (= hardly).

INEXPEDIENCY: ayogyatā: v. Unfitness.

INEXPEDIENT: ayogya (f. gyā): v. Unfit.

INEXPERIENCE: alpadarśitāḥ v. Experience.

INEXPERIENCED: adṛṣṭakārya (f. ryā): v. Experi enced.

INEXPERT:
     1 adakṣa (f. kṣā);
     2 akuśalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Expert.

INEXPIABLE:
     1 aśodhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 amārjanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ)

INEXPLICABLE:
     1 avyākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?);
     2 durvyākhya (f. khyā) (?).

INEXPLICABLY: prob. vyākhyavāṃ or vivṛtim atikramya.

INEXPRESSIBLE: anākhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Indescribable.

INEXPRESSIBLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INEXPRESSIVE: avācakaḥ (f. cikā): v. Expressive.

INEXTIRICABLE:
     1 anirvāṇya (f. ṇyā) (lit.);
     2 anucchedya (f. dyā) (fig.).

INEXTRICABLE:
     1 anuddharaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ;)
     2 amocya (f. cyā).

INFALIBILITY:
     1 apātukatā (?); abhrāntiḥ (?).

INFALLIBLE:
     I apatanaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?);
     2 abhrānta (f. ntā) (= unerring).
     II Certain: q.v.: ghruvaḥ (vā vaṃ).

INFALLIBLY: ghruvam (= certainly, rarely: q.v.).

INFAMOUS:
     I Of acts:
     1 ayaśasya (f. syā), cruel and i.: nṛśaṃsamayaśasyaṃ ca, Ram.;
     2 a- or apa-yaśaskaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     3 akīrtikaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     4 yaśoghna (f. ghnī).
     II Of men:
     1 a- or apa-yaśasvin, (f. );
     2 duṣkīrtimat (f. );
     3 durvṛtta (f. ttā): v. Abandoned, wicked.

INFAMOUSLY:
     1 kīrtimucchedya;
     2 yaśo hatvā;
     3 by adj.

INFAMY:
     1 ayaśas (n.), what i. is more horrible than this: kimayaśo nanu ghoramataḥparam, U. iii.; the i. was avoided and cast on us: parihṛtamayaśaḥ pātitamasmāsu ca, Mu. ii.; to drink the poison of i.: ayaśoviṣaṃ pibati, Mr. z.;
     2 apayaśas (n.);
     3 akīrtiḥ;
     4 akhyātiḥ.

INFANCY:
     I Lit.:
     1 śauśavam, and until (he) passes i. (comes to age): yāvaccātītaśaiśavaḥ, M. viii. 27.;
     2 bālyam, i. childhood, and youth: bālyakaumārayauvanam, B. p.
     II Fig.: prathamāvasthā.

INFANT (subs.):
     1 śiśuḥ, i. child of a Brahmin: śiśurdvijasya, U.;
     2 bālaḥ (f. ) (= child), he while an i. was...: sa bāla āsīt, Si. i. 70.;
     3 dārakaḥ f. rikā), saw an i. crying: kamapi dārakaṃ rudantamadrākṣam, D. iv.;
     4 arbhakaḥ (rare), R. iii. 25.;
     5 ḍimbha (f. mmā) (in joke or contempt).

INFANT (adj.): by comp., i. lessons: bālapāṭhyāni, V. p.

INFANTICIDE:
     I The crime: bālahatyā and sim. comp.s.
     II The criminal: śiśughātin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Killer.

INFANTILE, INFANTINE: bāleyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Infant (adj.).

INFANTRY:
     1 pattiḥ or in pl. pattayaḥ or pattisainyam;
     2 padātayaḥ (m. pl.) or padātibalam or pādātam (rare), etc.

INFATUATE: mohayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of muh), i. ing: parimohin (f. ), Ki. xiv. 19.

INFANTUATED: mūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), vi- saṃ-: v. Foolish.

INFANTUATION: mohaḥ saṃ- vyā-, what i.: ko vyāmohaḥ: v. Foolishness.

INFEASIBILITY: asādhyatāḥ v. Impossibility.

INFEASIBLE: asādhya (f. dhyā): v. Impossible.

INFECT:
     I In gen.: dvaṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To correct.
     II Of disease: expr. by sparśena sañcarati (the disease i. ing being the nom.).

INFECTION:
     I Lit.: sparśasaṃcāraḥ.
     II Fig.: expr. by sāṃkrāmikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

INFECTIOUS:
     1 sparśasamcārin (f. ṇī), the disease was i.: āmayaḥ sparśasaṃcārī, Raj.;
     2 sāṃkrāmikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

INFELICITY: asukham -tā: v. Unhappiness, misery.

INFER: anumimīte (, c. 3.);
     2 ūhate (= to guess).

INFERABLE:
     1 anumeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 ānumānikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= infetrential).

INFERENCE:
     1 anumānam, i. is of there kindsantecedent (or a priori: where an effect is inferred from its cause), consequent (or a posteriori: where a cause is deduced from its effect), and analogous (where an object is guessed from common sign): trividhamanumānaṃ pūrvavat (yatra kāraṇena kāryamanumīyate), śeṣavat (yatra kāryeṇa kāraṇamanumīyate), sāmānyatodṛṣṭañca (yatra liṅgasya sāmānyāt....liṅgī gamyate), N. d.;
     2 anumitiḥ (rare). To draw an i.: v. To infer.

INFERENTIALLY: anumānena, S.; anumānapūrvakam.

INFERIOR:
     1 hīnaḥ (nā naṃ), from association with i. s.: hīnaiḥ saha samāgamāt, H.; a man of i. caste: hīnavarṇaḥ, H.; but little i. to them: kintu kiñcittebhyo hīnāḥ, Bha.;
     2 ūnaḥ (nā naṃ) (in comp.), not i. in qualities: guṇairanūnaḥ (nā naṃ), R.; not i. to Chaitraratha: caitrarathādanūnaḥ (nā naṃ), R. vi. 50.: v. Also low, bad.

INFERIOR, BE: hīyate pari-, (pass. of ), Your majesty is not i. to the ancient in good qualities: na pūrvamanuṣyebhyo guṇaiḥ parihīyate devaḥ, K.

INFERNAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 nārakaḥ (kī kaṃ), taken away to know the taste of i. tortures: kāraṇānāṃ nārakīnāṃ rasajñānāyapanautaḥ, D. vii. I. regions: v. Hell.

INFERNALLY: expr. by circumlo.

INFERTILE: aśsyapradaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Fertile.

INFEST:
     1 bādhate (bādh, c. 1.): v. To annoy;
     2 vyāpnoti (āp, c. 5.) (= to pervade), the son of Parvata is indeed i. ed with my men: madbhṛtyaiḥ kila nāma parvasuto vyāptaḥ, Mu. iii.

INFIDEL: nāstikaḥ may be used in every sense.

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INFIDELITY:
     1 nāstikatā (?);
     2 aśraddhā (= unbelief).

INFINITE:
     1 anantaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= endless);
     2 ameyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= unmesurable). Ph.: it is i.: asyeyattā nāsti.

INFINITELY:
     1 anantam;
     2 anantaguṇam, Vi. vi. 53.

INFINITIVE: *kriyāvācakaḥ; tum (in Sanskrit conjugation).

INFINITY:
     1 anantatā;
     2 ameyatā;
     3 asīmatā.

INFIRM: durbalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Feeble, weak.

INFIRMARY: *durbalāśramaḥ v. Also hospital.

INFIRMITY:
     1 durbalatā;
     2 daurbalyam: v. Weakness.

INFLAME:
     I In gen.:
     1 saṃdhukṣayati (c. of dhukṣ), he whose fire of passion was thus i. d.: ithyaṃ saṃdhukṣitamanmathāgniḥ D. ii.;
     2 uddīpayati (c. of dīp): v. To kindle:
     3 jvalayati (c. of (jval), i. d. with rage: kopajvalitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. iii. 20.: v. To burn;
     4 uttejayati (tij, c. 10.): v. To excite.
     II In medical sense: dāhaṃ janayati (c. of jan).

INFLAMMABLE: yaḥ (yā yat) śīghraṃ saṃdhukṣyate: v. Combustible.

INFLAMMATION: dāhaḥ, i. of the eyes: nayanayordāhaḥ, Bha.

INFLAMMATORY:
     I Lit.: by comp., i. fever: dāhajvaraḥ. I. (medicine): dīpanaḥ (nā naṃ), Bha.
     II Seditious: q.v.: perh saṃdhukṣaka (f. kṣikā).

INFLATE: ā-dhamati (dhmā, c. 1.), i. d. with pride: darpādhmātaḥ (tā taṃ); i. d. for nothing: mithyādhmātaḥ, Vi. iii. 28.: v. Also flate.

INFLATION: utsekaḥ: v. Pride.

INFLECT:
     I In gram.: rūyam ākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), braviti (brū, c. 2.), etc.: v. To say.
     II To bend: q.v.: namayati (c. of nam).

INFLECTION: rūpākhyānam: v. Declension, conjugation.

INFLEXIBILITY:
     1 anamyatā;
     2 durānamyatā: v. Firmness.

INFLEXIBLE:
     1 anamya (f. myā);
     2 durānamya (f. myā): v. Also firm.

INFLEXIBLE: v. Firmly, obstinately.

INFLEXION: v. Inflection.

INFLICT: to i. punishment: daṇḍaṃ praṇayati (, c. 1.) or pātayati (c. of pat): v. To impose, apply.

INFLICTION:
     I The act: i. of punishment: daṇḍapraṇayanam; i. of torment: yātanāprayogaḥ.
     II Punishment: q.v.: daṇḍaḥ.

INFLORESCENCE: *pauṣpitam.

INFLUENCE (subs.):
     I In gen.: no exact equiv.:
     1 balam (= force), by divine i.: daivabalāt;
     2 prabhāvaḥ (= power), under the i. of the sage: ṛṣipramāvāt, R.;
     3 prabhutvam (= mastery), as they had no i.: aprabhutvāt, D. i.;
     4 vaśam (= subjection), a man under the i. of a woman: strīvaśaḥ, P.;
     5 gauravam (weight), he has great i. with the king: rājannidhau mahāgauravaṃ tasya.
     II Distinction: pratriṣṭhā, a man of i.: pratiṣṭhāpanno janaḥ.

INFLUENCE (v.):
     1 cālayati (c. of cal) (= to move);
     2 pravartayati (c. of vṛt) (= to induce);
     3 praṇedayati (nud, c. 10.) (= to impel). I. d. by = under the i. of: v. Subs.

INFLUENTIAL:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ);
     2 gauravabhāj (mfn.);
     3 prabhaviṣṇu (mfn.): v. Powerful, master.

INFLUENZA: sarvaprabhavaḥ or sarvajaḥ pratiśyāyaḥ, Sr. (?).

INFLUX:
     1 āveśaḥ;
     2 āgamaḥ (= coming in).

INFOLD: pariveṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.): v. Encircle, embrace.

INFOLIATE: patrāvṛtaṃ (f. tāṃ) or patrānvitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti (?).

INFORM:
     I To form: q.v.
     II To animate: q.v.
     III To tell:
     1 vi-jñāpayati (c. of jñā), i. with my respects: vijñāpaya prāpitamatpraṇāmaḥ, R. xiv. 60.;
     2 ni-vedayati ā-, (c. of vid), otherwise I will i. the Court (against you): anyathā rājakule nivedayiṣyāmi, P. i. 21.: v. Also to announce, say.

INFORMAL: avaidhikaḥ (kī kaṃ) or vidhiviruddha (f. ddhā) (?)

INFORMALITY: avaidhatā (?); sadoṣatā (= faultiness).

INFORMALLY: avidhikrameṇa (?); sadoṣam (= faultily).

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INFORMANT: vijñāpaka (f. pikā);
     2 nivedaka or āvedaka (f. dikā).

INFORMATION:
     I The act:
     1 vijñāpanam;
     2 nivedanam or āvedanam.
     II Legal: ni-vedanam.
     III News: q.v.: vārtā.
     IV Knowledge: q.v.:
     1 jñānam;
     2 bodhaḥ;
     3 āgamaḥ (rare), his i. is like (his) wisdom: prajñayā sadṛśāgamaḥ, R. i. 15.

INFORMER: āvedakaḥ, Mit. Common i.: sūcakaḥ; professional i.: stomakaḥ, Kat.

INFRACTION: laṅghanam: v. Violation.

INFREQUENCY: viralatā: v. Rareness, frequency (not).

INFREQUENTLY: viralaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Rare, frequent (not).

INFREQUENTLY: kadācit: v. Rarely, sometimes.

INFRINGE:
     I To violate: q.v.: laṅghvayati (laṅghva, c. 10.).
     II To encroach. q.v.: expr. by grhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

INFRINGEMENT: laṅghanam: v. Violation.

INFURIATE (v.): ut-kopayati (c. of kup): v. To enrage.

INFURIATE, -D (adj.): krodhāndha (f. ndhā): v. Enraged, mad.

INFUSE:
     I To pour in: niṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.).
     II To inspire: ādadhāti sam-, (dhā, c.) 3.), by i. ing good breeding among the people: prajānāṃ vinayāghānāt, R. i. 24.
     III For medical purpose: sādhayati (C. of sidh), is to be i. d. in eight-fold water: jale'ṣṭaguṇite sādhyam, Bha.

INFUSION:
     I Pouring in: nīṣekaḥ.
     II Inspiration: ādhānam sam-.
     III A liquid obtained by i.:
     1 jalam (= water), i. of rice: taṇḍulajalam, Bha.;
     2 kvāthaḥ (= decoction).

INGATHERING: (śasya-) saṃgrahaḥ. Feast of i.: navānnam (?).

INGENERATE: janayati (c. of jan): v. To beget.

INGENIOUS:
     1 pravīṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 vidagdha (f. gdhā): v. Clever, dexterous.

INGENIOUSLY:
     1 prāvīṇyena;
     2 vidagdham: v. Dexterously, skilfully.

INGENUITY:
     1 prāvīṇyam;
     2 vaidagdhyam: v. Dexterity, skill.

INGENUOUS:
     I Noble: q.v.: abhijātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Frank, generous: q.v.: udāraḥ (rā raṃ).

INGENUOUSLY: audāryeṇa: v. Frankly, liberally.

INGENUOUSNESS: audāryam: v. Frankness, liberality.

INGLE: agniḥ: v. Fire, fire-place.

INGLORIOUS: ayaśasya (f. syā): v. Infamous, glorious.

INGLORIOUSLY: v. Infamous, glorious.

INGLORIOUSLY: v. Infamously, disgracefully.

INGOT: piṇḍa (mfn.), i. of gold: hiraṇyapiṇḍam, N. xxii. 18.

INGRAFT: niveśayati (c. of viś) (= to insert: q.v.).

INGRAINED: dṛḍharañjitaḥ (tā taṃ) (??).

INGRATE, INGRATEFUL: 1. Ungrateful: q.v.: akṛtajña (f. jñā).
     II Unpleasant: q.v.: ahṛdya (f. dyā).

INGRATIATE: he i. d himself with the king: sarājaprasādamājanaṃ babhūvaḥ v. Favour.

INGRATITUDE:
     1 akṛtajñatā;
     2 akṛtaveditā;
     3 kṛtaghnatā (= treachery).

INGREDIENT:
     1 sādhanam (?); vastu (n.) (when the sense is clear).

INGRESS:
     1 praveśaḥ -nam;
     2 by verb, no one is allowed i. or regress: na ko'pi niṣkrabhituṃ praveṣṭuṃ vānumodyate, Mu.

INGRAFT: grasate (gras, c. 1.): v. To swallow, overwhelm.

INHABIT: vasati ni-, (with loc.), adhi-, (with acc.), (vas, c. 1.): v. To dwell, live (III). Thickly i. ed: janākīrṇa (f. rṇā) (?). Thinly i. ed viralajanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

INHABITABLE:
     1 vāsayogya (f. gyā), nivāsārha (f. rhā) and sim. comp.s., the earth is not i.: na vāsayogya vasudhā, N. i. 138.;
     2 (va) stavya (f. vyā);
     3 vāsateyaḥ (yī yaṃ) (rare), B.

INHABITANT:
     1 ni-vāsin (f. ), by the i. s of the earth, sky and heaven: kṣitinamaḥsuralokanivāsimiḥ, Ki. v. 3.;
     2 occasionally by deriv., i. of Oudh: āyodhyikaḥ, U.; i. of this place: ihatyaḥ, D. iii. N. B. The names of countries (not towns) in Sanskrit denote also their i. s.: i. s. of Persia: pārasikā: (m. pl.); i. s. of Videha: videhāḥ "adyaiva prahāravarmaṇyadhi videhā jātāḥ" D. iii.

INHALATION: the external air inhaled by spirit is i., the internal air exhaled is exhalation: prāṇo yadvāhyaṃ vāyumācāmati sa śvāsaḥ yatkauṣṭhyaṃ vāyuṃ niḥsārayati sa praśvāsaḥ, P. d.

INHALE: ācāmati (cam, c. 1.) or praveśayati (c. of viś), com.

INHARIMONIOUS: visvaraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Harmonic, harmonious.

INHARMONIOUSLY: visvaram, after C.

INHERE:
     1 vasati ni-, (vas, c. 2.), for excellences i. in affection not in things: vasanti hi prebhṇi guṇāḥ na vastuni, Ki. viii. 37.;
     2 tiṣṭhati (sthā c. 1.) (= to remain: q.v.).

INHERENT: expr. by inhere (= be i.) or by nature

INHERENTLY: prakṛtyā (= naturally: q.v.).

INHERIT: expr. by prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.): v. To get, possess.

INHERITANCE:
     I Heritage:
     1 dāyaḥ, division of i.: dāyabhāgaḥ, Da.;
     2 ṛktham, sharing an i.: ṛkthamāgin (f. ), Y.
     II Act. of inheriting: ṛkthagrahaṇam, Viv. and sim. comp.s.
     III Possession, employment: q.v.

INHERITOR: dāyādaḥ: v. Heir.

INHIBIT: niyacchati (yam, c. 1.): v. To check, restrain.

INHIBITION: niṣedhaḥ (= prohibition).

INHOSPITABLE: ātithyavimukhaḥ (khā khaṃ) v. Hospitable.

INHOSPITABLY: anādareṇa (= without attention).

INHOSPITABILITY: ātithyavimukhatā and sim. comp.s.

INHUMAN: nirdayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Cruel.

INHUMANITY: nirdayatā; v. Cruelly.

INHUMANLY: nirdayam: v. Cruelly.

INHUME: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To bury.

INIMICAL: ahitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Hostile, unfriendly.

INIMICALLY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 ahitabuddhyā;
     3 śatruvat.

INIMITABLE:
     1 anupamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Incomparable;
     2 asādhāraṇa (f. ṇā): v. Uncommon;
     3 nānukaraṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare).

INIMITABLY: by adj. or circumlo.

INIQUITOUS: anyāyya (f. yyā): v. Unjust, wicked.

INIQUITOUSLY: anyāyataḥ or anyāyenaḥ v. Wickedly.

INIQUITY:
     1 anyāyaḥ;
     2 anyāyyatā: v. Wickedness.

INITIAL (adj.): ādi- in comp.: v. First.

INITIAL (subs.): ādyakṣaram;
     2 ādivarṇaḥ, etc.

INITIATE:
     I To begin: q.v.: ārabhate (rabh, c. 1.).
     II To instruct: q.v.: upadiśati (diś, c. 6.). I. d.: dīkṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).
     III To admit: q.v.: parigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

INITIATION:
     I Beginning: q.v.: ārambhaḥ.
     III Instruction:
     1 upadeśaḥ;
     2 dīkṣā (in sacrifices);
     3 upanayaḥ -nam (of the first three castes with customary thread).

INITIATORY: expr. by comp.

INJECT:
     1 praveśayati (c. of viś);
     2 nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To throw.

INJECTION:
     I The act: praveśanam.
     II A clyster: vastiḥ (??).

INJUDICIOUS: avivekaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= imprudent: q.v.).

INJUDICIOUSLY:
     1 avicārya;
     2 avivecya.

INJUDICIOUSNESS: avivekitā: v. Imprudence.

INJUNCTION: śāsanam: v. Order, command.

INJURE:
     1 apakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 kṣataṃ karoti, Kat.;
     3 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.), who i. their own nest-trees: nijanīḍadrumapīḍinaḥ, N.;
     4 hinasti (hiṃs, c. 7.) (a much stronger term: often = to kill), he i. s all enemies of the Vedas: brahmadviṣo hye ṣa hinasti sarvān, Vi. i. 62.

INJURER:
     1 apakartṛ (f. trī) or apakārasya kāraka (f. rikā), Y.;
     2 aniṣṭakārin (f. ṇī);
     3 pīḍayitṛ (f. trī) or pīḍaka (f. ḍikā).

INJURIOUS:
     1 aniṣṭakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= causing evil);
     2 hānikaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= causing loss):
     1 pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ), throwing i things on a house: gṛhe pīḍākaraṃ dravyaṃ prakṣipan, V. s.;
     4 bādhaka (f. dhikā), slightly i.: alpabādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), N. s.

INJURIOUSLY: expr. by pres. part or circumlo.

INJURIOUSNESS:
     1 pīḍākaratā;
     2 bādhakatā, etc.

INJURY:
     I Harm:
     1 apakāraḥ;
     2 pīḍā, from which there is much good and little i. to the farmer: yena bahutara upakāraḥ kṣetrasvāminaścālpā pīḍā, Viv.:
     3 bādhā.
     II Hurt: kṣatam or kṣatiḥ.

INJUSTICE:
     1 adharmaḥ (= ambiguous);
     2 anyāyaḥ (= iniquity).

INK: masi or masī (also written with śa and ṣa).

INKLING: vārtāmātrāvabodhanam, D. ii.

INKSTAND: masīpātram, Mu. i.; masīmājanam; and sim. comp.s.

INLAND:
     I Lit.: ābhyantarikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Domestic: deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INLAY:
     1 prativapatiḥ (vap, c. 1.), Si. iii. 5.;
     2 avanahyati (nah, c. 10.), rubies i. d on bracelets: valayāvanaddhatāmrāśma-, Si. iii. 7.: v. To set.

INLAYER: prativaptṛ (f. trī): v. Setter.

INLY: antar (indec.): v. Internal, internally.

INMATE: expr. by nivasati (vas, c. 1.) (= to dwell); parijanaḥ (of the menials), 'yena tasya gṛhaṃ praviśya parijanasyopamardaḥ kriyate", Mr.

INMOST: "to prey on the i. vitals:" hṛdayamarmāṇi chinatti, U., or antrabhedanaṃ karoti, Vi.; in the i. heart: hṛdayodare (?).

INN:
     1 pathikāśramaḥ;
     2 pānthāvāsaḥ. I. (of court): maṭhaḥ (?).

INNATE: sahajaḥ (jā jaṃ): v. Natural.

INNATELY:
     1 by adj.:
     2 prakṛtyā: v. Naturally.

INNER: antar- in comp., i. appartments: antaḥpuram, Ku. vii. 2.; the i. soul: antarātmā, U. iii. 37.: v. Internal.

INNERMOST: v. Inner, inmost.

INN-KEEPER: *āvāsikaḥ (after śauṇḍikaḥ).

INNOCENCE:
     I Of men etc.:
     1 nirāparādhatā;
     2 anaparādhitā.
     II of acts etc.:
     1 nirdoṣatā;
     2 anavadyatā.

INNOCENT:
     I Of men etc.: niraparādhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), the killer of the i. royal race: niraparādharājakulakadanaḥ, Vi. iii.: v. Guiltless.
     II Of acts etc.:
     1 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (without fault);
     2 niravadya (f. dyā) (against which nothing can be said), hurting i. grass: anavadyatṛṇārdinaḥ, N. ii. 10.

INNOCENTLY:
     1 niraparādham;
     2 nirdoṣam;
     3 niravadyam.

INNOCUOUS: nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     2 adoṣalaḥ (lā laṃ) (rare), Bha.

INNOCUOUSLY:
     1 nirdoṣam;
     2 niraparādham.

INNOVATE: nūtanarītiṃ or navyaprathāṃ pravartayati (c. of vṛt) (?).

INNOVATION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II Change: navyā rītiḥ: v. New.

INNOVATOR: navyaprathāpravartakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

INNOXIOUS:
     1 ahiṃsaka (f. sikā) (of animals);
     2 nirdoṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (of things).

INNUENDO: vakroktiḥ: v. Hint.

INNUMERABLE:
     1 asaṃkhya (f. khyā);
     2 saṃkhyātītaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 agaṇya (f. ṇyā);
     4 asaṃkhyeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     5 atītasaṃkhya (f. khyā).

INNUMERABLENESS:
     1 asaṃkhyatā;
     2 agaṇyatā; etc.

INOBSERVABLE:
     1 alakṣya (f. kṣyā);
     2 durlakṣya (f. kṣyā), Ki. xvii. 28.

INOCULATE:
     I To insert: niveśayati (c. of viś).
     II In medicine: (śītalābījaṃ) niveśayati (with loc.) (?).

INOCULATION:
     I In gen.: niveśanam.
     II In medicine: śītalābījaniveśanam (?).

INODOROUS: gamdhahīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Scentless.

INOFFENSIVE: niraparādhin (f. ); v. Innocent.

INOPERATIVE: niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Effective.

INOPPORTUNE: aprāptakālaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Opportune.

INOPPORTUNATELY:
     1 akāle;
     2 asamaye;
     3 anavasaram.

INORDINATE: aparimitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Excessive.

INORDINATELY: aparimitam: v. Excessively.

INORGANIC: nirindriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?).

INQUEST: parīkṣā (= examination).

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INQUIRE etc.: v. Enquire etc.

INQUISITION:
     I Enquiry, examination: q.v.: parīkṣā.
     II A court: *pāṣaṇḍasaṃyamasabhā.

INQUISITIVE: jijñāsu (mfn.), briefly to the i.: saṃkṣepato'rthajijñāsubhyaḥ, S. c.: v. Also curious.

INQUISITIVELY:
     1 kautukena;
     2 kutūhalāt;
     3 sakautukam.

INQUISITIVENESS: kutūhalam: v. Curiosity.

INQUISITOR:
     I In gen.: v. Inquisitive.
     II Reli.: *pāṣaṇḍaniyāmakaḥ.

INQUISITORIAL: expr. by comp., i. tribunal: *pāṣaṇḍasaṃyamasabhā.

INROAD:
     1 upadravaḥ;
     2 avaskandaḥ
     3 ākramaḥ -ṇam. To make an i.: upa- or abhi-dravate (dru c. 1.) (with acc.), Mah.; avaskandati (skand, c. 1.) (with acc.), Si.

INSALUBRIOUS: rogakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Unhealthy.

INSANE: unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ:) v. Mad.

INSANELY: unmattavat: v. Madly.

INSANITY: unmādaḥ, acute i.: taruṇa unmādaḥ, Bha.: v. Madness.

INSATLABLE: expr. by na tṛptimadhigacchati (gṛm, c. 1.).

INSATIABLENESS: atarmyatā (rare): better by circumlo.

INSATIABLY: atṛptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), Vi. iii. 24.; aparitṛptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ).

INSCRIBE:
     I In gen.:
     1 abhilikhati (likha, c. 6.) (= to write);
     2 mudrayati (mudr, c. 10). (= to engrave).
     II In geom. to i. a. square in a circle: vṛttāntarvargam abhilikhati or varṇayati (varṇa, c. 10.).

INSCRIPTION: expr. by abhilikhitaḥ (tā taṃ) or mudritaḥ (tā taṃ).

INSCRUTABILITY:
     1 atarkyatā;
     2 durlakṣyatā;
     3 duṣpraveśyatā.

INSCRUTABLE:
     1 atarkya (f. rkyā);
     2 durlakṣya (f. kṣyā);
     3 duṣpraveśaḥ (śā śaṃ).

INSCRUTABLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

INSECT:
     1 kīṭaḥ;
     2 kṛmiḥ (= worm).

INSECURE:
     I Not firm: asthiraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Apprehensive: sāśaṅka (f. ṅkā).

INSECURITY:
     I Unsafety: asthiratā.
     II Danger: q.v.: saṅkaṭatā.

INSENSATE: nirbodhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (= stupid): v. Foolish.

INSENSIBILITY:
     I Unconsciousness: acetanatā -tvam; vicetanatā -tvam; etc.
     II Dullness, torpor: jāḍyam.
     III Indifference, hardness: q.v.: expr. by verb: v. Insensible (IV.)

INSENSIBLE:
     I Imperceptible: q.v.: dulakṣya (f. kṣyā).
     II Not conscious:
     1 acetanaḥ (nā naṃ), vicetanaḥ (nā naṃ), vi-gatacetanaḥ (nā naṃ), etc.;
     2 visaṃjña (f. jñā).
     III Benumbed: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ).
     IV To emotion:
     1 by upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. Indifferent;
     2 na cetayati -te (cit, c. 10.) (with acc.): v. Also hard cruel.

INSENSIBLY: v. Gradually, imperceptibly.

INSEPARABLE: aviyojya (f. jyā): v. Separable.

INSEPARABLY: expr. by circumlo.; dṛḍham (= firmly).

INSERT: niveśayati (c. of viś). the debtor shall i. his name with his own hand: ṛṇī nāma svahastena niveśayet, Y., ii. 88.: v. Also to put.

INSERTION: niveśaḥ -nam.

INSIDE (adv.):
     1 antar;
     2 abhyantaram (= to i.);
     3 abhyantare (= in i.).

INSIDE (subs.): abhyantaram: v. Interior.

INSIDIOUS: kāpaṭikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Deceitful.

INSIDOUSLY: kapaṭenaḥ v. Deceitfully.

INSIDIOUSNESS: kāpaṭyam: v. Deceitfulness.

INSIGHT: jñānam (= knowledge). One who has a thorough i. of: pāradarśin (f. ), in comp. Getting thorough i.: ābhyantarīkaraṇam, D. ii.

INSIGNIA:
     1 lakṣaṇam;
     2 cihram.

INSIGNIFICANCE:
     1 nirarthakatā (not of men);
     2 tucchatā (= meanness).

INSIGNIFICANT:
     1 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 tuccha (f. cchā) (= mean, trivial).

INSIGNIFICANTLY:
     1 nirarthakam;
     2 tuccham (= meanly).

INSINCERE:
     1 maukhikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= in mouth): v. Deceitful, false, affected, sincere.

INSINCERELY:
     1 anṛjuḥ v. Crookedly;
     2 kapaṭenaḥ v. Deceitfully:
     3 mukhena (= in mouth).

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INSINCERITY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 anṛjutā (= crookedness);
     3 kapaṭatā (= deceitfulness);
     4 kṛtrimatā (affectedness).

INSINUATE (v. i.):
     I To creep in.: kaṭākṣeṇa kṣākṣipati (kṣip, c. 1.).
     II To ingratiate: q.v.

INSINUATE (v. t.):
     I To infuse gently: alpālpaṃ niveśayati (c. of viś).

INSINUATING (adj.): hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī) (?).

INSINUATINGLY: thus i. addressed: iti praviśyābhihitā, Ku. v. 51. [praviśyāntargatvāptavadrahasyamudbhāvyetyarthaḥ, M. n.].

INSINUATION:
     I Ingratiating: expr. by verb.
     II A hint: kaṭākṣākṣepaḥ (?).

INSIPID:
     1 virasaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 nīrasaḥ (sā saṃ);
     3 rasahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), etc.

INSIPIDITY:
     1 nīrasatā;
     2 virasatā;
     3 rasahīnatā; etc.

INSIPIDLY: nīrasam or virasam (lit. and fig.).

INSIST: na grahaṃ muñcati (muc, c. 6.) (?); dārḍhye na vadati (vad, c. 1.) (= to say) or prārthayate (arth, c. 10.) (= to ask) (?).

INSNARE: v. Ensnare.

INSOBRIETY: pānāsaktiḥ v. Drunkenness.

INSOLENCE:
     1 dhāṣṭyam or dhṛṣṭatā;
     2 avalepaḥ or avaliptatā;
     3 pragalmatā or pragalbhyam;
     4 auddhatyam or uddhatiḥ.

INSOLENT:
     1 dhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 pragalma (f. lmā);
     3 avaliptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ) (= arrogant);
     4 uddhataḥ (tā taṃ) (= haughty).

INSOLENTLY:
     1 dhārṣṭyena;
     2 pragalbham;
     3 sāvalepam; etc.

INSOLUBLE:
     I Not soluble: expr. by na galati (gal, c. 1.): v. To dissolve.
     II Not to be solved:
     1 asādhya (f. dhyā) (?);
     2 by circumlo., it is i.: asyottaraṃ dātuṃ na śakyate, after Mah.

INSOLVENCY: parikṣīṇatā (?); kṣīṇadhanatā (?).

INSOLVENT: parikṣīṇa (f. ṇā): v. Bankrupt.

INSOMUCH SO or THAT: yataḥ or yasmāt (= as).

INSPECT: avekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To look into, examine.

INSPECTION:
     1 avekṣā;
     2 paridarśanam: v. Also examination.

INSPECTOR:
     1 avekṣakaḥ;
     2 paridarśakaḥ.

INSPECTORSHIP:
     1 avekṣakapadam (?);
     2 paridarśakatvam (??).

INSPIRATION:
     I Inhalation: q.v.: śvāsaḥ.
     II Divine prompting: by divine i.: ākasmikapratyavabhāsāt, U., ii.; one who has received i. of language: āvirbhūtaśabdabrahmaprakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ), U., ii.
     III Infusion: ādhānam sam-.

INSPIRE (v. i.):
     I To breath: q.v.: śvasiti (śvas, c. 1.).
     II To blow: q.v.: vahati (vah, c. 1.).

INSPIRE (v. t.):
     I To inhale: q.v.
     II To blow: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).
     III To infuse:
     1 vitarati (tṝ, c. 1.): v. To impart;
     2 niveśayati (c. of viś) (= to instil);
     3 samādadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (= to put);
     4 janayati (c. of jan) (= to cause), to i. with fear: bhayaṃ janayati (with gen.).
     IV To disclose preternaturally: i. d (persons): daivajñānāpannāḥ; he was i. d. with this knowledge: īśvaraprasādādidaṃ jñānaṃ lebhe, see Ki. iii. 23 and 25., N. xiv. 8.

INSPIRIT: āśvāsayati (c. of śvas): v. To encourage, cheer.

INSTABILITY:
     1 asthiratā;
     2 asthairyam;
     3 anavasthitiḥ.

INSTALL: pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā) (with loc. of the place).

INSTALLATION:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpanam;
     2 pratiṣṭhā.

INSTALMENT:
     I Installation: q.v.
     II Part payment:
     1 deyāṃśaḥ (?);
     2 *kisti (in the vernacular).

INSTANCE (subs.):
     I Importance: gurutvam.
     II Solicitation: prarthanā.
     III Example: q.v.: udāharaṇam, for i.: tathāhi; for i. Purūravas met destruction from a thirst after Brāhmin's money: tathāhi purūravā brāhmaṇadhanatṛṣṇayā vinanāśa, Va. As for i.: tadyathā; as for i., in the entirety of the family etc. one attributes to himself "I am entire": tadyathā putramāryādiṣu sakaleṣvahameva sakala ityātmanyadhyasyati, S., Ph.: in the first i.: prathamataḥ; Visva Prakāsha in the three i. s.: triṣu viśvaprakāśaḥ, Va. com.

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INSTANCE (v.): udāgaraṇaṃ nidarśanaṃ, or dṛṣṭāntaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

INSTANT (adj.):
     I Earnest: q.v.: āgrahavat (f. );
     II Immediate:
     1 sadyaḥ; i. death: sadyomṛtyuḥ;
     2 by adv.: v.
     I ly (I.)

INSTANT (subs.):
     I Moment: q.v.: kṣaṇaḥ.
     II A day of the current month: on the 5th. i.: asya māsasya pañcamadivase or āgāmini or gate pañcame divase (according as it is coming or past).

INSTANTANEOUS:
     1 kṣaṇamātrabhavaḥ (vā vaṃ), Si.;
     2 kṣaṇamātrasthāyin (f. ) M. n.

INSTANTANEOUSLY:
     1 kṣaṇena;
     2 muhūrtamātreṇa;
     3 ekapade.

INSTANTLY:
     I Immediately:
     1 bhaṭiti, Vi. i. 43.;
     2 sapadi, Ki. xiii. 25;
     3 tatkṣaṇam -ṇāt, P. i. 5.;
     4 drāk, Vi. i. 34.;
     5 adhunaiva (= just now), Vi. iii. 34;
     6 añjasā (= quickly).
     II Urgently:
     1 āgrahapūrvakam;
     2 nirbandhena.

INSTEAD OF:
     I Before a subs.: sthāne, i. of self: ātmasthāne, P. i. 4.; some read lāsikā, i. of vilāsikā: kecidvilāsikāsthāne lāsiketi paṭhanti, Sah.
     II Before pres. parts: expr. by negative, may be strengthened with vastutaḥ or pratyuta (= in fact): i. of amassing he squandered his money: sañcayamakṛtvā sa dhanaṃ kṣapayāmāsa.
     III Equal to: q.v.

INSTEP: pica (ci) ṇḍikā; piṇḍikā, Bha.

INSTIGATE: protsāhayati (c. of sah): v. To encourage excite.

INSTIGATION: protsāhanam: v. Envouragement.

INSTIGATOR: protsāhakaḥ. v. Inciter, encourager.

INSTILL:
     1 niveśayati (c. of viś);
     2 samādadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

INSTINCT (subs.):
     1 antaḥpravṛttiḥ (?);
     2 sahajajñānam (??).

INSTINCT: (adj.):
     1 uttejitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 calitaḥ (tā taṃ).

INSTINCTIVE: expr. by adv.

INSTINCTIVELY:
     1 antaḥpravṛttyā (??);
     2 svata eva (= naturally).

INSTITUTE (subs.):
     I Maxim, precept: q.v.
     II An institution: samā (?).
     III In pl. saṃhitā, i. s. of Manu: manusaṃhitā.

INSTITUTE (v.): To establish, found: q.v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To begin: q.v.: upakramate (kram, c. 1.).

INSTITUTION:
     I Establishment: sthāpanam.
     II Instruction: śāsanam.
     III A society.

INSTRUCT
     1 śikṣāpayati (c. of śikṣa) (= to teach: q.v.:), i. me how to salute: kena prakāreṇa praṇāmaḥ kartavyastanmāṃ śikṣāpaya, Vet. 25.;
     2 śāsti anu- (śās, c. 2.), thus i. ing the elder of Arjuna: ityanuśāsatamarjunāgrajam, Ki. ii. 54.;
     3 upadiśati (diś, c. 6.), by doing them in a better style, the girl as if i. s. me in return: tattadviśeṣakaraṇātpratyupadiśatīva me bālā, Mal. i.

INSIRUCTION:
     I Teaching:
     1 śikṣā;
     2 upadeśaḥ, in receiving i.: upadeśagrahaṇe, Mal. i.
     II Education:
     1 vinayanam, thorough i. in the art of conversation: vacanakauśaleṣu samyagvinayanena, D. ii.;
     2 by verb.
     III Precept, command: q.v.: śāsanam.

INSTRUCTIVE: śikṣādāyin (f. );
     2 upadeśagarbha (f. rbhā);
     3 anuśāska (f. sikā); etc.

INSTRUCTOR:
     1 śikṣakaḥ: v. Teacher;
     2 śāsakaḥ (rare), Vi.

INSTRUMENT:
     I Implement, tool: q.v.: yantram, hand is the chiefest i.: hastaṃ pradhānatamaṃ yantrāṇām, Sr.; the chapter on i.s.: yantrādhyāyaḥ, Go. Musical i.: vāditram, Mah.
     II A deed: q.v.: lekhaḥ.
     III An agent, tool: q.v.: sādhanam.

INSIRUMENTAL: expr. by subs., I was i. in his release: tasya mokṣasya sādhanamahamāsam: v. Also cause. Ph.: i. case: karaṇam; i. music: vāditram: v. Music.

INSTRUMENTALITY: expr. by sādhanam or by -dvārakaḥ (kā kaṃ) in comp.

INSUBORDINATE:
     1 avaśya (f. śyā);
     2 avidheyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

INSUBORDINATION:
     1 avaśyatā:
     2 avidheyatā:
     4 ananuvidhāyitā.

INSUFFERABLE:
     1 asahya (f. hyā);
     2 duḥsahaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 asahanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 aviṣahya (f. hyā).

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INSUFFERABLY:
     1 asahyam;
     2 duḥsaham, etc.;
     3 by adj.

INSUFFICIENCY:
     1 Defficiency, want: q.v. nyūnatā.
     II Inability, incapacity: q.v.: akṣamatā.

INSUFFICIENT:
     I Deficient:
     1 nyūnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 apracuraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Incapable: q.v.: akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ)

INSUFFICIENTLY: expr. by adj.

INSULAR:
     1 by comp.
     2 dvaipya (f. pyā), Si. iii. 76.

INSULATE:
     1 pṛthakkaroti;
     2 viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ).

INSULT (subs.):
     1 apamānaḥ;
     2 avamānaḥ -nā;
     3 vimānanā: v. Disgrace, ignominy.

INSULT (v.): apa(va) mānayati (c. of man): v. To disgrace. I. ing language: ākṣepavacaḥ, Ki.

INSULTINGLY:
     1 sāvelapam (= insolently);
     2 avajñayā (= despisingly);
     3 sākṣepam (= abusingly).

INSUPERABLE:
     1 durlaghya (f. ghyā);
     2 anatikramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 duratikramya. (f. myā).

INSUPERABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INSUPPORTABLE: durvahaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Insufferable.

INSUPPORTABLY:
     1 durvaham;
     2 duḥsaham (= insufferably).

INSURANCE: i. company: *amirakṣāsamājaḥ. N. B. Wilson seems to think yogakṣema as a sort of i. probably on M. vii. 127., but even Kulluka's interpreatation does not countenance it.

INSURE:
     I To guard, secure: q.v.: rakṣati (rakṣa, c. 1.).
     II In mercantile sense: *abhirakṣati.

INSURER: *abhirakṣakaḥ, life. i.: jīvanābhirakṣakaḥ.

INSURGENT: rājadrohin (f. ṇī): v. Rebellious.

INSURMOUNTABLE: alaṃghya (f. ghyā): v. Insuperable.

INSURRECTION: rājavidrohaḥ v. Rebellion, revolt.

INSURRECTIONARY: rājavidrohin (f. ṇī): v. Rebellious, seditious.

INTACT:
     1 akhaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā);
     2 avikalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Entire.

INTANGIBLE: durgrahaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Tangible.

INTEGER: pūrṇāṅgaḥ; samagrasaṃkhyā (?).

INTEGRAL:
     1 avikalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Whole;
     2 āvaśyakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Necessary. I. calculus: *samāhāragaṇitam.

INTEGRATE: in calculus: *samāhārīkaroti; samāhāraṃ vadati (to say).

INTEGRITY:
     I Entireness: q.v.:
     1 akhaṇḍatā;
     2 avikalatā.
     II Honesty, uprightness: q.v.: ārjavam.

INTEGUMENT: veṣṭanam, Bha.: v. Covering.

INTELLECT:
     1 buddhiḥ, one whose i. is (sharp) like the point of the Kuśa: kuśāgrabuddhi. (mfn.), R. v. 4.;
     2 dhīḥ, with all the excellences of i.: samagrairdhiyo guṇaiḥ, R. iii. 30.;
     3 dhiṣaṇā (rare), guilty i.: pāpadhiṣaṇā, Vi. vi. 8.: v. Also mind.

INTELLECTUAL: In gen.: expr. by comp., i. powers: buddhivṛttayaḥ.
     II Mental: q.v.: mānasikaḥ (kī kaṃ). Ph.: i. culture: śāstrānuśīlanam or śāstradarśanam (?).
     III Intelligent: q.v.

INTELLECTUALLY:
     1 buddhyā;
     2 dhiyā;
     3 dhiṣaṇayā.

INTELLIGENCE:
     I Intellect: q.v.: buddhiḥ.
     II Knowledge imparted;
     1 vyutpattiḥ;
     2 āgamaḥ (rare), K. i. 15.
     III News.: q.v.: vārttā.
     IV An intelligent being: budhaḥ vi-, N. i. 1.

INTELLIGENCER: v. Messenger.

INTELLIGENT: v. Possessing (good) intellect:
     1 buddhimat (f. );
     2 dhūmat (f. );
     3 udāradhī (n. dhi) (= highly i.), R. iii. 30.; etc.
     II Well-informed: vyutoattimat (f. ) or vyutpannacitta (f. ttā), S.

INTELLIGENTIAL:
     I Of acts etc.: buddhipūrva (f. rvā), Ki.
     II Mental: mānasika (f. ).

INTELLIGENTLY:
     1 buddhipūrvam;
     2 caturam: v. Skilfully.

INTELLIGIBILITY:
     1 bodhagamyatā;
     2 subodhatā;
     3 spaṣṭatā.

INTELLIGIBLE:
     1 bodhagamya (f. myā);
     2 spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (= clear: q.v.).

INTELLIGIBLY:
     1 spaṣṭam (= clearly: q.v.);
     2 by adj. or circumlo.

INTEMPERANCE:
     I Incontinence: asaṃyamaḥ.
     II In drink: atipānam.
     III In. eating: atyāhāraḥ
     IV Excess: atibhogaḥ (?).

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INTEMPERATE:
     1 asaṃyataḥ (tā taṃ) (= incontinent);
     2 atipānāsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (in drinking);
     3 mogāsakta (f. ktā).

INTEMPERATELY:
     1 asaṃyātam;
     2 aparimitam (= immoderately).

INTEMPERATNESS: atipānāsaktiḥ, etc.: v. Intemperate.

INTEND:
     1 by subs.;
     2 amipraiti (i, c. 2.);
     3 saṃkalpate (kḷp, c. 1.), we were i. ed by you as their price: bhavatā vayameteṣāṃ mūlyaṃ kalpitāḥ, Mu. v.;
     4 pratipadyate (pad, c. 4.), what the king of Vidarbha i. s.: kiṃ pratipadyate vaidarbhaḥ, Mal. i.;
     5 icchati (iṣ, c. 1.) (= to wish: q.v.).

INTENDANT: adhyakṣaḥ v. Superintendent.

INTENSE: pracaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā) (= fiery), i. heat: pracaṇḍātapaḥ, Ki. i. 10.;
     2 tīvra (f. vrā), i. affliction: tīvrābhiṣaṅgaḥ, Ku. iii. 73.: v. Sharp.;
     3 nitāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ) (= excessive: q.v.).

INTENSELY:
     I Exceedingly: q.v.:
     1 nitāntam, i. cold: nitāntaśītaḥ (tā taṃ), D. vii.;
     2 rarely by yaṅ, to shine i.: dedīpyate.
     II Attentively: q.v.: sāvadhānam.

INTENSIFY:
     1 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh) (= to increase);
     2 by adj.

INTENSITY:
     1 pracaṇḍatā (as of heat);
     2 tīvratā (as of pain);
     3 pragāḍhatā. (as of love);
     4 atiśaya:- in comp.: v. Excessive.

INTENSIVE: In gram.: bhṛśārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ), yaṅ is also i.: bhṛśārthe ca yaṅ syāt.

INTENSIVELY: bhṛśārthe; bhṛśārthadyotanāya.

INTENT (subs.): v. Intention. Ph.: with deliberate i.: saṅkalpapūrvakam; to all i. s and purposes: sarvathā; to the i. that: etadabhiprāyakaḥ (kā kaṃ); the i. (of this passage) is... iti bhāvaḥ, M. n.

INTENT (adj.):
     I Fixed closely:
     1 ekāgra (f. grā), i. on hearing their songs: tadragītaśravaṇaikāgrā, R. xv. 66.;
     2 ekāgracitta (f. ttā) (= with i. mind);
     3 ananyamanas (mfn.) (= 2);
     4 ekāyanaḥ (nā naṃ), -gataḥ (tā taṃ);
     5 ekatānaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Engaged, bent:
     1 abhiniviṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 abhiyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

INTENTION:
     I Purpose:
     1 abhiprāyaḥ, it was the i. of Droṇa: evaṃ kila droṇasyābhiprāya āsīta, Vi.;
     2 saṃkalpaḥ (= determined wish), but (her) guardian's i. is to give her to a suitable person: guroḥ punarasyā anurūpavarapradāne saṃkalpaḥ, Sa. i.;
     3 pratipattiḥ (rare), what is your i. now: kādya te pratipattiḥ, D. ii.;
     4 āśayaḥ (= design) evil-i. ed: pāpāśayaḥ, H. ii.: v. Also wish.
     II Intentness: q.v.

INTENTIONAL: expr. by adv.

INTENTIONALLY:
     1 kāmataḥ or kāmāt, uni. or i.: akāmādatha kāmato vā, Pa.;
     2 pratipattyā (rare), R.: v. Also knowingly.

INTENTLY:
     1 ekāgracittena;
     2 ananyamanasā;
     3 ananyavṛtti (mfn.), ananyaddaṣṭi (mfn.) (in seeing), etc., Ku. v. 20.

INTENTNESS:
     1 ekāgratā;
     2 ananyamanaskatā;
     3 abhiniveśaḥ; etc.: v. Intent.

INTER: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To bury.

INTERCALARY: adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ), Nil. "pañcame pañcame varṣe dvau māsāvupajāyataḥ |" Mah. iv. 52.

INTERCALATE: adhikadinaṃ niveśayati (c. of viś) (?)

INTERCALATION: of a day: adhikadinaniveśanam (?).

INTERCEDE: anuruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).

INTERCEDER: anurodhakārin. (f. ṇī): v. Also mediator.

INTERCEPT (v.): niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), Si. ii., 64.: v. Obstruct.

INTERCEPT (subs.): Of two circles: grāsaḥ, A. b.

INTERCESSION: anurodhaḥ: v. Also mediation.

INTERCESSOR: anurodhakārin (f. ṇī): v. Also mediator.

INTERCESSORY: anurodha- in comp.

INTERCHANGE (subs.):
     1 vinimayaḥ, making i. of rings: aṅgulīyakavinimayaṃ kṛtvā, D.;
     2 vyatikaraḥ (of acts), i. of abuse: adhikṣepavyatikaraḥ, D.: v. Exchange, change.

INTERCHANGE (v.):
     1 by subs.;
     2 dattvā pratigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

INTERCHANGEABLE:
     I Exchangeable: vinimeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Following alternately: paryāyasevin (f. ).

INTERCHANGEABLY:
     1 vinibhayena (by exchange);
     2 paryāyeṇa (= alternately).

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INTERCOURSE:
     1 saṅgaḥ saṅgamaḥ or samāgamaḥ, by i. with inferious: hīnaiḥ saha samāgamāt, H. i. 42.; i. with a lioness: kesarikalatrasamāgamaḥ, D. ii.;
     2 saṃsargaḥ, i. with wanton women: puṃścalibhiḥ saha saṃsargaḥ, H. i. 113.

INTERDICT (subs.) niṣedhaḥ v. Prohibition.

INTERDICT (v.): niṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.): v. To forbid, prohibit.

INTEREST (v.):
     I To ause, delight: q.v.: rañjayati (rañj, c. 10.). Ph.: and he is i. ed in us: sa ca snihyatyāvayoḥ (snih, c. 4.), U., vi.
     II To concern: expr. with arthaḥ: v. Do with.
     III Reflexively, to excite for another: he i. s himself much in philosophy: darśanāsaktacetā: saḥ (?): v. To attach.

INTEREST (subs.):
     I Concern: arthaḥ, in your i.: tvadartham or tvardathe.
     III Regard: q.v.: ādaraḥ. To feel, take i.: ādriyate (dda, c. 4.), K.
     III Share: q.v.: aṃśaḥ. IV.: Good: q.v.: hitam.
     V Affection: q.v.: snehaḥ.
     VI In commerece:
     1 vṛddhiḥ, compound i.: mūlakalantare, Vri.;
     2 kalāntaram, capital and i.: mūlakalāntare, Li. Ph.: at five percent (per month): pañcakena śatena, Li. N. B. Note that i. means monthly i. unless specified.

INTERESTED:
     I Partial: pakṣapātin (f. ), I and the queen are i.: pakṣapātināvahaṃ devī ca, Mal. i.
     II Looking to one's own interest: svārthaparaḥ (rā raṃ,) or svārthaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā).

INTERESTING (adj.):
     1 hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī);
     2 manoharaḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 ramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), i. story, go on: ramaṇīyā kathā tatastataḥ, Mal. iv.

INTERFERE:
     I To clash: q.v.:
     II To intermeddle: q.v.:
     1 hastaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.) (?);
     2 madhye tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (= to interpose).

INTERFERENCE: expr. by verb.

INTERIM: madhyakālaḥ, Ph.: in the i.: asmin kāle.

INTERIOR (subs.):
     1 abhyantaram;
     2 garbhaḥ (= womb);
     3 udaram (= heart), the i. of an edifice: mandirodaram, Ri. v. 2.

INTERIOR (adj.): v. Inner, internal. Ph.: i. angle: antargatakoṇaḥ, K. d.

INTERJACENT:
     1 madhyavartin (f. );
     2 madhyastha (f. sthā).

INTERJECTION: bhāvavyañjakamavyayam.

INTERLACE: pariveṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10). (= to encircle: q.v.).

INTERLARD: saṃ-miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.): v. To mix.

INTERLEAVE: to i. a book: *patrāṇi pustakāntarinaveśayati (c. of viś).

INTERLINE: To I. Latin and English: *paryāyeṇa lāṭinerejīpaṃktī likhati; with i. ar paraphrase: *sāntaḥpaṃktilikhitānuvādaḥ (dā daṃ).

INTERLINEATION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II An interlineated passage, etc.: *antaḥpaṃktilikhitam.

INTERLOCUTOR:
     1 saṃvādakaḥ;
     2 saṃvādin (m.).
     3 saṃvādakārakaḥ.

INTERLOPER: *anadhikārapraveśakaḥ [āgantukaḥ many gen. do].

INTERLUDE: *madhyaraṅgaḥ (after pūrvaraṅgaḥ).

INTERLUNAR: amāvasyā- in comp.

INTERMARRIAGE: expr. by vivāha (= marriage) and madhye (= between).

INTERMARRY: it is lawful to i. now: *adhunā minnajātyāṃ vivāho na vidhiviruddhaḥ.

INTERMEDDLE: you are not to i. in my work: mama niyogasya carcā tvayā na kartavyā, H. ii.; i. ing: parādhikāracarcā.

INTERMEDIATE:
     1 madhyavartin (f. );
     2 antarvartin (f. ): v. Middle.

INTERMENT: nidhānam: v. Burial.

INTERMINABLE:
     1 ananta (f. ntā);
     2 aparyanta (f. ntā);
     3 niravadhi (mfn.).

INTERMINABLY:
     1 anantam;
     2 aparyantam.

INTERMINGLE: miśrayati (miśra, c. 10.): v. To mix.

INTERMISSION: virāmaḥ or viratiḥ: v. Cessation. Without i.: aviratam: v. Incessantly.

INTERMIT:
     I Trans.: nivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II Intrans: viramati (ram, c. 1.): v. To cease.

INTERMITIENT: That (fever) which is not at all i. is called continuous: santatyā yo'visargī syāt santataḥ sa nigadyate, Sr.; high i. fever: viṣamajvaraḥ, Sr.

INTERMITTENTLY: coming i. (of fever): cirotthitaḥ (tā taṃ), Bha.

INTERMIX: saṃmiśrayati (miśra, c. 10.): v. To mix.

INTERMIXTURE: saṃmiśraṇam: v. Mixture.

INTERNAL:
     1 antar in comp., i. heat: antardāhaḥ, U., iii. 31.; arising from i. disaffection: antaḥprakṛtiprakopajaḥ (jā jaṃ), Ki. ii. 61.;
     2 ābhyantara (f. ) (rare), secretly fomenting external and i. discord: bāhyābhyantarān kopān gūḍhamutpādya, D. viii.;
     3 antargataḥ (tā taṃ) (what is in.), (but) as you know the i. feelings of animals: antargataṃ prāṇabhṛtāṃ hi veda sarvaṃ bhavān bhāvam, R. ii. 43.;
     4 antaḥstha (f. sthā) (what stands in);
     5 antarbhavaḥ (vā vaṃ) (what is born in).

INTERNALLY: antar, i. towards you: antastvāṃ prati, Vi. iii. 43.; externally and i.: bahirantaśca, Ki. ii. 53.

INTERNATIONAL: i. law: *rāṣṭrāṇāṃ paraspakhyavahāraḥ.

INTERNECINE: perh. antardhvasin (f. ): v. Destructive.

INTERNUNCIO: of the pope: *anudūtaḥ.

INTERPOLATE: svakṛtenānyagranthobdhṛtena vā ślokādinā granthaṃ dūṣayati (c. of duṣ) (?).

INTERPOLATION: expr. as above. The Bombay edition uses ādhikyam (= excess) for the i. s of the Mah.

INTERPOLATOR: granthadūṣakaḥ (?).

INTERPOSE:
     I To introduce: nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To cast.
     II To interfere: expr. by madhye tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) or mādhyasthyaṃ karoti.
     III To intrude: q.v.

INTERPOSITION:
     I A coming between: madhyavartitā.
     II Mediation: mādhyastham.

INTERPRET: vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To explain.

INTERPRETATION: vyākhyā: v. Explanation, meaning.

INTERPRETER:
     I An. expositor: vyākhyātṛ (m.).
     II A translator: Persian i.: *pārasikamāṣābodhakaḥ.

INTERREGNUM: in the i.: śūnye siṃhāsane: v. Regent.

INTERROGATE: praśnaṃ karotiḥ v. To enquire, question.

INTERROGATION: expr. by verb. Note of i.: *praśnacihnam.

INTERROGATIVE: praśnārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ), "who" is i.: kiṃ praśne.

INTERROGATIVELY: praśnakrameṇa. (?); praśnarūpeṇa (?).

INTERROGATOR: prāśnikaḥ, Mah. i.

INTERROGATORY:
     I Subs.: v. Question.
     II Adj.: v. Interrogative.

INTERRUPT:
     1 pratibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), do not i. him: mainamantarā pratibadhnītam, Sa.;
     2 upa-ruṇaddhi ni-, (rudh, c. 7.) (= to check), to i. his progress: tatprasaraṃ niroddhum, Vi. iv. 6.;
     3 ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (= to throw out), i. ing his saying: asya vacanamākṣipya, K.: v. Also to break off.

INTERRUPTEDLY: antarā antarā pratibaddha (f. ddhā). savicchedam (with breaks).

INTERRUPTION:
     1 pratibandhaḥ;
     2 uparodhaḥ, i. of business: kāryoparoghaḥ, Sa.;
     3 antarāyaḥ, without i. to (your) other works: kriyāntarāntarāyaṃantareṇa, Mu. v. Also break.

INTERSECT: sampātaṃ karoti, K.d.; antarā chinatti (chid, c. 7.).

INTERSECTION: sampātaḥ, K. d.; chedaḥ (the context determining the meaning).

INTERSPERSE: the forest is i. d. with cocoanut trees: vānasyāntarāntarā nārikelapādapāḥ, after K.

INTERSTICE:
     1 chidram;
     2 randhram, without i. (adv.): nīrandhram, Ki.

INTERTWINE, INTERTWIST: saṃgrathnāti (granth, c. 9.).

INTERVAL:
     1 antaram;
     2 antarālaḥ, without i.: nirantarālaḥ (lā laṃ), Ki.; in the i.: antarāle, I.: v. Also permission. Ph.: after so long an i.: etāvatkālāntaram; but on his saying without i.: tadvākyasamakālantu, Mah. i. 131. 14.

INTERVENE:
     I To interpose: madhye tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     II Of time: ativahati (vah, c. 1.): v. To pass.
     III To interrupt: antarāyo bhavatti, R. xiv. 65.

INTERVENING (adj.): madhyastha (f. sthā) or madhyavartin (f. ). I. spaces: antarālaḥ v. Interval.

INTERVENTION: v. Interposition.

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INTERVIEW: darśanam saṃ-: v. Conference, to meet.

INTERWEAVE: perh. saṃvapati (vap, c. 1.); saṃgrathnāti (granth, c. 1.).

INTESTACY: expr. by circumlo: v. Intestate.

INTESTATE: he died i.: *icchāpatramakṛtvā mamāra; this estate is i.: *etatsampattiviṣayakamicchāpatraṃ na kṛtam.

INTESTINAL: expr. by comp.: v. Intestine (subs.).

INTESTINE (adj.): antar in comp.: v. Internal.

INTESTINE (subs.): antrāṇi (n. pl.), Bha.

INTHRALL: dāsīkaroti: v. To enslave.

INTIMACY: gāḍhasauhṛdam: v. Friendship. Ph.: Your Majesty were in terms of the greatest i. with the poet Kālidāsa: deva! kālidāsakavinā saha [bhavataḥ] nitāntaṃ niviḍatamā maitrī [āsīt] Bho.

INTIMATE (adj.): gāḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), pra-, (= deep: q.v.): Ph.: i. friend: hṛdayaṅgamaḥ sakhā, Ku. iv. 24.; i. relation: antaraṅgaḥ, M. n.

INTIMATE (v.):
     1 sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.) (= to indicate: q.v.):
     2 vyanakti (añj, c. 7.) (= to express: q.v.).

INTIMATELY:
     1 gāḍham pra- (= deeply);
     2 niviḍam (= closely).

INTIMATION:
     1 sūcanā (= indication);
     2 vyañjanam (= expression).

INTIMIDATE: bhīṣayate (c. of bhī): v. To frighten.

INTIMIDATION:
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 bhīṣikā or bhīṣā (= threat), dispossessing by i.: bhīṣayā haran, M.

INTO: madhye (with gen.): v. Within, in.

INTOLERABLE: asahya (f. hyā), i. dust: asahyareṇu-, Ri. i. 10.: v. Insufferable.

INTOLERABLY:
     1 asahyam, etc.;
     2 by adj.

INTOLERANCE:
     1 akṣamā (= impatience);
     2 kopaḥ (?), Raj. i. 200.

INTOLERANT: akṣamin (f. ṇī): v. Impatient.

INTONATION: svaraḥ v. Tone.

INTONE: svareṇa paṭhati (paṭh, c. 1.) or vācayati (c. of vac).

INTOXICATE:
     1 mādayati (c. of mad);
     2 mattīkaroti;
     3 madaṃ janayati (c. of jan). I. d.: mattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Drunk, To be i. d:
     1 madena spṛśyate (pass of. spṛś), D. ii.;
     2 kṣīvati -te (kṣīv, c. 1.) (rare).

INTOXICATING (adj.):
     1 mādaka (f. dikā);
     2 madajananaḥ (nī naṃ) (?).

INTOXICATION: mattatā: v. Drunkenness.

INTRACTABLE:
     1 durdānta (f. ntā);
     2 durdamaḥ (mā maṃ).

INTRACTABLENESS:
     1 durdamatā;
     2 udabhyatā;
     3 durdāntatā.

INTRANSITIVE: akarmakaḥ (kā kaṃ). I. ly: expr. by adj.

INTRENCH:
     I To fortify with a trench: parikhayā pariveṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.).
     II To encroach: q.v.: gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.).

INTRENCHMENT: parikhā: v. DikS.

INTREPID: nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Fearless.

INTREPIDITY:
     1 nirmīkatā;
     2 nirmayatā;
     3 abhayaḥ.

INTREPIDLY: nirbhayam: v. Fearlessly.

INTRICACY:
     1 viṣamatā;
     2 vaiṣamyam.

INTRICATE:
     1 viṣamaḥ: (mā maṃ);
     2 nigūḍha (f. ḍhā) (= profound).

INTRICATELY:
     1 viṣamam;
     2 nigūḍham.

INTRIGUE (subs.):
     I A plot: upajāpaḥ.
     II An amour: vyābhicāraḥ.

INTRIGUE (v. t.): upajapati (jap, c. 1.), we two together will i. with Nāgapāla: āvāṃ sambhūya nāgapālamupajapāvaḥ, D. viii.

INTRIGUER: upajapakaḥ upajāpakārin (m.).

INTRINSIC: perh. yathārtha (f. rthā) (= real: q.v.).

INTRINSICALLY: yathārthataḥ (= really, truly: q.v.).

INTRODUCE:
     I To lead in: praveśayati (c. of viś):
     II To bring to be acquainted: perh. paricayaṃ janayati (c. of jan) (with gen.).
     III To bring into practice: pravartayati (c. of vṛt)
     IV To produce: q.v.: janayati (c. of jan).

INTRODUCER: expr. by verb.

INTRODUCTION:
     I Preface:
     1 mukhabandhaḥ;
     2 bhūmikā;
     3 prastāvanā (of a play).
     II Leading in: praveśanam.
     III Rudiments: upakramaṇikā.
     IV In other senses: expr. by verb.

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INTRODUCTORY:
     I Lit.: prāveśikaḥ (kī kaṃ), i. song: praveśikyākṣiptikā,
     V iv.
     II Preparatory:
     1 expr. by subs., i. chapter: mukhabandhaḥ -adhyāyaḥ;
     2 prathamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= first) may occasionally do.

INTROSPECTION:
     1 antardarśanam;
     2 darśanam (= view) will gen. do.

INTRUDE: anāhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) praviśati (viś, c. 6.) (= to enter uninvited) (?): v. Also to encroach.

INTRUSIVE: dhṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (?); better by verb.: v. To intrude.

INTRUST: v. Entrust.

INTUITION: *sahajajñānam.

INTUITIVE:
     1 *sahajajñānalabdha. (f. bdhā);
     2 by adv.

INTUITIVELY: *sahajajñānena. The idea probably occurs in Ki. xi. 8. "avijñate'pi bandhau hi balātprahladate manaḥ" (= for one i. knows a friend), in Ki. xiii. 6. "vimalaṃ kaluṣībhavacca cetaḥ kathayatyeva hitaiṣiṇaṃ ripuṃ vā", and similar passages.

INTUSSUSCEPTION: udāvartaḥ (?).

INTWINE: v. Entwine.

INTUNDATE: plāvayati ā- pari-, (c. of pla): v. To deluge.

INUNDATION:
     1 vanyā;
     2 jalāplāvanam: v. Flood.

INURE: abhyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To accustom.

INTUREMENT: abhyāsaḥ: v. Practice.

INURN: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To bury, put.

INUTILITY: untupayogitā: v. Uselessness.

INVADE: a-kramati (kram, c. 1.), thus, i. ing the eastern provinces: paurastyātevamākrāmaṃstāṃstān janapadān, R. iv. 34.: v. To attack, depredate.

INVADER: ākramaṇakārin (n.). Often expr. by enemy: q.v.

INVALID (adj.):
     I Weak: q.v.; durbalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II In law: apramāṇam.

INVALID (subs.):
     1 rogin (f. ṇī) (= sick);
     2 asustha (f. sthā) (= ill).

INVALIDATE: moghīkaroti: v. To frustrate.

INVALIDITY: aprāmāṇyam; durbalatā (= weakness: q.v.).

INVALUABLE:
     1 addmūlya (f. lyā);
     2 anargha (f. rghā) or anarghya (f. rghyā).

INVALUABLENESS:
     1 amūlyatā;
     2 anardha(rghya)tā.

INVARIABLE: expr. by adv.: v. Also unchangeable.

INVARIABLY:
     1 nityam;
     2 satatam: v. Always.

INVASION: ākramaṇam: v. Attack, inroad.

INVECTIVE: ākṣepaḥ avakṣepaḥ or adhikṣepaḥ.

INVEIGH AGAINST:
     1 kutsāṃ karoti (with gen.), Mah.;
     2 dhikkaroti.

INVEIGLE:
     1 pralobhayati (c. of lubh) (= to tempt);
     2 pātayati (c. of pat) (= to fell) (when the sense is clear).

INVENT: sujati (sṛj, c. 6.): v. To create.

INVENTION: sṛṣṭiḥ (both in good and bad sense).

INVENTIVE: Ph.: i. power: udbhrāvana- or utpādanaśaktiḥ.

INVENTOR: sraṣṭṛ (m.) (= creator); udbhrāvayitṛ (m.).

INVENTORY: parisaṃkhyā, "i. of all I have": mama sarvasvaparisaṃkhyā (?).

INVENTRESS: sraṣṭrī (?); udbhāvayitrī (?); prasūḥ (= mother).

INVERSE:
     1 viparyasta (f. stā) (?);
     2 vyatyasta (f. stā) (?).

INVERSELY:
     1 viparyayeṇa (?);
     2 viparyāsena (?).

INVERSION:
     1 viparyayaḥ (?);
     2 vyatyayaḥ (?).

INVERT (v.t.): viparyāsayati (c. of as) (?). Ph.: reads i. ing the first and the second personal pronoun: yuṣmadasmadayorvyatyayena paṭhati, Mu. v.; the thickness and thinness of trees are (now) i. ed: viparyāsaṃ yāto ghanaviralamāvaḥ kṣitiruhām, U. ii. 27.

INVEST:
     I To put on: q.v.: paridhāpayati (c. of dhā).
     II To endow: q.v.: yojayati (yuj, c. 10.).
     III To adorn: q.v.: bhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.).
     IV To besiege: q.v.: ruṇaddhi (rudha, c. 7.)
     V Of money: prayojayati (??), i. your money in shares: *tvaṃ dhanena mūlāṃśān krīṇīhi.

INVESTIGATE: anusandadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (?).: v. To enquire.

INVESTIGATION: anusandhānam: v. Enquiry, examination.

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INVESTIGATOR: anusandhātṛ (m.): v. Enquirer, examiner.

INVESTITURE:
     1 pratiṣṭhā (?);
     2 abhiṣekaḥ (of kings);
     3 upanayaḥ -nam (of the first three castes with their thread).

INVESTMENT:
     I of money: priyogaḥ (?): v. To invest (v.).
     II A siege: q.v.: rodhaḥ.
     III A robe: vāsas (n.).

INVESTERACY: gen. expr. by adj. I. of enmity: vairānubandhaḥ, M. n.

INVETERATE:
     1 baddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 dṛḍhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Firm. Ph.: not free form i. rage: bhṛśamāsevitayā ruṣā na muktaḥ, Ki. xiii. 5.

INVETERATELY:
     1 nirbandhenaḥ;
     2 anubandhenaḥ v. Also firmly.

INVIDIOUS:
     1 dvevajanana (f. ) (?);
     2 santāpaka (f. pikā) (?).

INVIDIOUSLY: dveṣaṃ or kopaṃ or santāpaṃ janayat (f. ntī).

INVIDIOUSNESS: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INVIGORATE: balaṃ or sattvaṃ or tejo vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

INVIGORATING: baladaḥ (dā daṃ), Bha.

INVIGORATION:
     1 baladānam, Bha;
     2 sattvopacayaḥ;
     3 tejovṛddhiḥ.

INVINCIBLE:
     1 ajeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 durjayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 ajayya (f. yyā), Si. xx. 77.

INVINCIBILITY, INVINCIBLENESS: ajeyayā; durjayatā; etc.

INVINCIBLY:
     1 durjayam. etc.;
     2 better by adj.

INVIOLABILITY:
     1 alaṅghyatā;
     2 amatikramaṇīyatā;
     3 adhṛṣyatā.

INVIOLABLE:
     1 alaṅghya (f. ṅghyā) or alaṅghanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), we have been made i. by demons: tridaśapratipakṣasyālaṅghvanīye kṛte svaḥ,
     V ii.;
     2 anatikramaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), your words are also i.: anatikramaṇīyavacano bhavānapi, Mu. ii.

INVIOLABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INVIOLATE:
     1 akhaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā);
     2 akṣataḥ (tā taṃ).

INVIOUS: durgamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Impassable.

INVISIBILITY:
     1 adṛśyatā;
     2 adarśanīyatā; etc.

INVISIBLE:
     1 adṛśya (f. śyā) (best equiv.), i. forms. tanūraddṛśyāḥ, Ki. xiv. 60.;
     2 dṛṣṭipathātītaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s. To become i.: i.e. to disapper: q.v.: antardhīyate (pass. of dhā).

INVISIBLY: expr. by adj. or comp., to strike i.: adṛśyaḥ praharati.

INVITATION: nimantraṇam upa-, in not keeping i.: nimantraṇātikrame,
     V s.

INVITE (v.):
     I Lit.: nimantrayati upa- (mantr, c. 10.), I will i. a Brahmin: ahaṃ brāhnaṇamupanimantrayāmi, Mr.; an i. d (person) and eating after saying "very well" [i.e. after accepting an invitation]: nimantritastathetyuktvā bhūñjānaḥ, V. s.
     II Fig.: āhvayati (hve, c. 1.), as if. i. d by the cries of swans: kalahaṃsānaṃ kolāhalairāhūyamāna iva, K.

INVITER: nimantrayitṛ (f. trī), and double food to the i.: nimantrayituśva dviguṇamannam, V. s.

INVITING (adj.): i.e. alluring:
     1 hārin (f. ṇī);
     2 manoharaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Charming, beautiful.

INVITINGLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

INVOCATION: in books: maṅgalācaraṇam, K.

INVOICE: *āvāhapatram.

INVOKE:
     1 āhvayati (hve, c. 1.): v. To call;
     2 vandate (vand, c. 1.) (= to salute; in prayer), R. i. l.

INVOLUNTARILY:
     1 svecchayā or svecchāpūrvaṃ.....na. ; v. Voluntarily;
     2 svecchāviruddham (against wish).

INVOLUNTARY:
     1 na svecchāpūrva (f. rvā): v. Voluntary;
     2 svecchāviruddha (f. ddhā) (against wish).

INVOLUTION:
     I Complication: jaṭilatā.
     II In math.; savargīkaraṇam

INVOLVE:
     I To envelop: q.v.: avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 10.).
     II To comprise, contain: q.v.: parigṛhvāti (gṛh, c. 9.).
     III To implicate: expr. by liptaḥ (ptā ptaṃ), "his end with mine i. d." tadarthomadarthaliptaḥ.
     IV To overwhelim: expr. by grasta (f. stā), i. d. in calamity: vipadgrasta (f. stā).
     V In math: i. ing to the third power: sadṛśatrayasaṃvargaḥ, A. b.

INVULNERABLE:
     1 abhedya (f. dyā) (= not to be pierced), Ram.;
     2 by circumlo.: v. Wound.

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INWARE: antargataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Internal.

INWARDLY: antar: v. Internally.

INWEAVE: perh. saṃvapati (vap, c. 1.); saṃgrathnāti (granth, c. 9.).

INWROUGHT:
     1 churitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 alaṅkṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (= adorned).

IODINE: *dhūmrāśman (m.); syodanam.

IOTA:
     1 aṇuḥ, you have not an i. of fear: na te'sti bhayamaṇvapi, V. p. v. 37. 66;
     2 lavaḥ, even an i. of a master's favour: prabhuprasādalavo'pi, K.

I O U: ahaṃ tvāṃ dhārayāmīti patram.

IRASCIBILITY:
     1 krodhaśīlatā;
     2 sulabhakopatā;
     3 caṇḍatā.

IRASCIBLE:
     1 krodhaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 sulabhakopaḥ (pā paṃ), Sa.: v. Irritable.

IRE: kopaḥ: v. Anger, rage.

IREFUL: amarṣaṇa (f. ṇā), Mah. iii. 33. 1.: v. Angry.

IREFULLY: sakopam: v. Angrily.

IRIDESCENT: indrāyudhasavarṇa (f. rṇā) (?): better by circumlo.

IRIS:
     I The rainbow: q.v.: indrāyudham.
     II Of the eye: *upatārā.
     III A plant: golomī.

IRK: khedayati (c. of khid): v. To trouble, weary.

IRKSOME: khedakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Tiresome, wearisome.

IRON (subs.):
     I The metal:
     1 loha or lauha (mn.), impure i.: aśuddhaloham; i. -flying: lohabhavaṃ cūrṇam, Bha.;
     2 ayas (n.), tiffed or pointed with i.: ayomukha. (f. khī), Ka. Wrought i.: kuśī. Green sulphate of i.: dhātuśekharaḥ. Red sulphate of i.: dhātukāśīśam. Made of i.:
     1 lauha (f. );
     2 lohalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Made of.
     II An iron implement: lohayantram or lauhaḥ (?).
     III In. pl., fetters: q.v.: lauhaśṛṅgalam.

IRON (adj.): by comp., i. image. lohapratimā.

IRON-HEARTED:
     1 ayohṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), R. and sim. comp.s.;
     2 aśmahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= stonehard), K.

IRON (v.): *laihena ślakṣṇīkaroti.

IRONICAL: kākvākṣipta (f. ptā), Kav.

IRONICALLY:
     1 kakvākṣipaya;
     2 kākavākyena.

IRONMONGER: lauhakāraḥ or lohakāraḥ, Ram. ii. 90. 23.

IRONMONGERY: lauhamāṇḍāni (n. pl.).

IRONY: kākvākṣiptaṃ vyaṅgam, Kav.; kākubhāṣitam and sim. comp.s.

IRRADIATE: dīpayati (c. of dīp): v. To brighten.

IRRADIATION: pradyotanam: v. Illumination.

IRRATIONAL:
     I Void of reason:
     1 vivekahīnaḥ (nā naṃ), vivekarahitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc., even among the i. animals: paśorapi vivekavivarjitasya, p. ii. 55;
     2 avivekaḥ (kī kaṃ), S.
     II Unreasonable: q.v.

IRRATIONALLY:
     1 avivekapūrkam;
     2 nirvivekena.

IRRECLAIMAEBLE: aśodhya (f. dhyā): v. To reclaim.

IRRECONCILABLE:
     I Implacable: apratisamāgheyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Inconsistent: asamañjasaḥ (sā saṃ).

IRRECONCILABLY: apratisamādheyam (?); better by adj.

IRRECOVERABLE: asādhya (f. dhyā): v. To recover.

IRREFRAGABLE: akhaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā): v. Incontestable, undeniable.

IRREFRAGABLY: akhaṇḍyam or akhaṇḍanīyam (?); better by adj.

IRREFUTABLE:
     1 akhaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā);
     2 better by circumlo.: v. To refute.

IRREGULAR:
     1 avaidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) (= against rule): v. Regular;
     2 viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= uneven: as of motion);
     3 ucchṛṅlalaḥ (lā laṃ) (in conduct). In gram.: perh. viśeṣa-; nipātitaḥ (tā taṃ), Wilson.

IRREGULARITY:
     I In gen.:
     1 avaidhatā;
     2 vaiṣanmyam (as of motion).
     II In gram.: nipātanam (?).
     III Of conduct: ucchṛṅgalaṃ caritam, Vi. ii. 29.

IRREGULARLY:
     1 avaidham;
     2 viṣamam;
     3 licchṛṅgalam.

IRRELEVANT:
     1 aprāsaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 asaṃlagna (f. ngā).

IRRELIGION:
     1 adharmaḥ -tā;
     2 vidharmatā: v. Impiety.

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IRRELIGIOUS:
     1 adhārmikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 vidharmin (f. ṇī): v. Impious.

IRRELIGIOUSLY:
     1 adharmeṇaḥ;
     2 dharmamunmathya, etc.

IRRELIGIOUSNESS: adhārmikatā: v. Irreligion.

IRREMEDIABLE:
     1 apratikārya (f. ryā;)
     2 aprati(tī)kāraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Also incurable.

IRREMEDIABLY: by adj. or comp., i. fierce: apratīkāradāruṇaḥ, K.

IRREMEDIABLY:
     1 apratisamādheyam;
     2 better by adj.

IRREPARABLE:
     1 apratisamādheyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 apratikārya (f. ryā).

IRREPREHENSIBLE: anindya (f. ndyā): v. Blameless, faultless.

IRREPROACHABLE:
     1 niravadya (f. dyā);
     2 anindva (f. ndyā): v. Blameless.

IRREPROACHABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

IRRESISTIBLE:
     1 anivārya (f. ryā);
     2 durnivāraḥ (rā raṃ).

IRRESISTIBLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

IRRESOLUTE:
     I Fickle: q.v.: asthiracittaḥ (ttā ttaṃ).
     II Undertermined, hesitating: v. To hesitate, determine.

IRRESOLUTELY: asthiracittena: v. Also hesitatingly.

IRRESOLUTION:
     I Fickleness: q.v.: asthiracittatā.
     II Hestitation: q.v.: aniścayaḥ.

IRRESPECTIVE OF: vihāya (= leaving), agaṇayitvā (= not caring), or nirapekṣya (without looking), (all with acc.).

IRRETRIEVABLE: apratisamādheyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Irreparable.

IRREVERENCE:
     1 abhaktiḥ;
     2 anādaraḥ (= disregard).

IRREVERENT:
     1 maktihīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 adhārmika (f. ) (= irreligious).

IRREVOCABLE:
     1 anivartya (f. rtyā), Mit.;
     2 better by circumlo., the curse has been already pronounced, it is now i. by me: datta eva śāpaḥ samprati mayā nānyathā mavitumarhati, K.

IRREVOCABLY: expr. by circumlo.

IRRIGATE: siñcati ava- ni-, (sic, c. 6.).

IRRIGATION:
     1 sekaḥ ava-;
     2 secanam ava-, (of the act only).

IRRITABILITY:
     I Irascibility: caṇḍasvabhāvaḥ.
     II A susceptibility: expr. by jvalati (jval, c. 1.) (= to burn): v. Also irascible.

IRRITABLE:
     1 koanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 krodhanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     3 roṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     4 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā) or ṇḍī of women).

IRRITATE:
     I To provoke: kopayati ut- pra-: v. Enrage.
     II To excite: jvalayati (c. of jval) (?).

IRRITATION:
     I Anger: q.v.: kopaḥ.
     II Of the body: jvālā (?).

IRRITATIVE: i.e. causing irritation: expr. by comp.

IRRUPTION: upadravaḥ: v. Depredation.

ISINGLASS: *phoṣphuṣam; matsyāntrajo ghanasāraḥ.

ISLAM: mahammadīyadharmaḥ.

ISLAND (adj.):
     1 by comp.;
     2 dvaipya (f. pyā), Si.

ISLAND (subs.): dvīpa (mn.), the i. of rāvā (?): yavadvīpam, Ram.

ISLANDER: dvīpavāsin (m.), and sim. comp. inhabitant.

ISLE: v. Island, an alluvial i.: pulinam, etc.

ISLET: kṣudradvīpa (mn.): v. Small.

ISOLATE: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ): v. To insulate. I. d from a society: apapātritaḥ (tā taṃ).

ISOLATION: expr. by above, separately: q.v.

ISOSCELES: i. trangle: samadvibāhutribhujaḥ, K. d. and sim. comp.s.

ISOTHERMAL: *samottāpagarbha (f. rbhā).

ISSUE (subs.):
     I Flow, egress: q.v.: niḥsaraṇam.
     II Result: q.v.:
     1 phalam;
     2 pariṇatiḥ (= end), whether there be a happy i. or not: kalayāṇī pariṇatirastu vānyathā, Vi. vi. 28.;
     3 udarkaḥ (= future), sweet in i.: udarkasvādu (mfn.).
     III In law: point at i.: vicaryaviṣayaḥ.
     IV Progeny: q.v.: sanatatiḥ.
     V A discharge: q.v.: srāvaḥ.

ISSUE (v. i.):
     I To come out, flow: q.v.: apaiti (i, c. 2.), i. ing from the arrow: apayana dhanuṣaḥ, Ki.
     II To spring: q.v.: prabhavati (bhū, c. 1.).
     III To end: q.v.: pariṇamati (nam, c. 1.).

ISSUE (v. t.):
     I To deliver: q.v.: samarpayati (c. of ).
     II To put into circulation: *bahirgamayati (c. of gam) (after Bengali).
     III To publish: pracārayati (c. of car).

ISTHMUS: *yojakaḥ, i. of Suez: *sūyajayojakaḥ.

IT: expr. by the "n., m., or f. form" of pron. s given under he according as the noun for which it stands is in Sanskrit n., m., or f.: I have to say much about it: mama bahvākhyeyamatra, Mr.; what is it (you) are thinking of: idaṃ kiṃ cintayate, Mr.; it is she: saiveyam, Na.; whether it (bhāṇḍakaḥ) is the same or not: sa evaiṣā na veti, Mr.; therefore it (pṛthvī) looks even: ataḥ sā samā pratibhāti, Go.; its (mañjaryāḥ) smell: asyā gandhaḥ, K.; is it true: api nāma satyam, Ma.; it is said in the Purana that the earth is even: purāṇe bhūḥ sabhā kathayate ṅo.; it has been established in the first part that the Lord of all is the creative cause of the world: prathame'dhyāye sarveśvaro jagata utpattikāraṇam pratipāditam, S.; if you think it not very tiresome to go: yadi nātikhedakaraṃ gamanaṃ kalayasi, K. N. B. Note how it is expr. in such cases.

ITALICS: *iṭālīyavarṇaḥ.

ITALICIZE: *iṭālīyavarṇaiḥ likhati (likh, c. 6.).

ITECH (subs.):
     1 kaṇḍūḥ, of the i. of arrogance: darpajanmanaḥ kaṇḍvāḥ, Si. i. 48.;
     2 kaṇḍūtiḥ;
     3 kharjūḥ (the disease);
     4 kaṇḍūyanam (i. ing).

ITCH (v.): kaṇḍūyati -te (nomi.), i. ing: kaṇḍūyā.

ITCHY: kaṇḍūlaḥ (lā laṃ): v. IkS (subs.).

ITEM:
     1 padam;
     2 viṣayaḥ (= subject).

ITERATE
     I To utter again: punaḥ punarvadati (vad, c. 1.), vakti (vac, c. 2.).

ITERATION:
     I Repetition: punaruktiḥ.
     II Doing again: punaḥkriyā.

ITINERANT:
     1 bhramaṇaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 aṭamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

ITINERARY: *bhramaṇavarṇanam and sim. comp.s.

ITINERATE
     1 paryaṭanaṃ karoti;
     2 paribhramyati, (bhram,) c. 4.).

ITSELF: svayam or svayameva, Sr. Ph.: the mind i.: ceta eva, Ki.; by nature i.: svabhāvenaiva, H.; fresh cloud, by i.: kevalo'pi navāmbudaḥ, R. xi. 80.

IVORY:
     I Subs: gajadantaḥ and sim. comp.s. dantaḥ (when meaning clear).
     II Adj.: expr. by comp., swords with pure i. hilts: śuddhadantatsarūnasīna, Mah.; i. seat: gajadantāsanam, R. xvii. 21.

IVY: latāviśeṣaḥ, "i. mantled": *ivyāvaguṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ).


JABBER: jalpati (jalp, c. 1.): v. To babble.

JABBERER: jalpākaḥ: v. Babbler.

JABBERING: jalpitam pra-: v. Babbling.

JACK: J. The tree:
     1 panasaḥ;
     2 kaṇṭakiphalaḥ.
     II The fruit: panasam.
     III A fellow: māṇavakaḥ.
     IV For boots: *niṣkarṣakaḥ.
     V A pike: jalasūciḥ.
     VI A frame: bhāraḥ.

JACK-A-LANTERN: bhūtadīpikā; mūtālokaḥ.

JACKAL:
     1 śṛgālaḥ;
     2 gomāyuḥ;
     3 jambukaḥ;
     4 pheruḥ or pheravaḥ.

JACKANAPES:
     I A monkey: q.v.
     II Fig.: vānaraḥ.

JACKASS: gardabhaḥ (both lit.) and fig. = blockhead).

JACK-DAW: kākaviśeṣa.

JACKET:
     1 celaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kūrpāsakaḥ.

JACK-PUDDING: bhaṇḍaḥ: v. Buffoon.

JADE (subs.):
     I A bad horse: kadaśvaḥ.
     II A bad woman: bandhakī.

JADE (v.): khedayati (c. of khid): v. To tire. J. d: khinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ): v. Fatigued.

JADDED (adj.):
     1 jarjaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 bandharaḥ (rā raṃ) (as of rocks).

JAIL:
     1 kārā -gārama;
     2 cāraḥ -kaḥ;
     2 bandhanālayaḥ.

JAIL-BIRD: kārābhogin (f. ) (?); bhuktacārakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?).

JAILER:
     1 kārādhyakṣaḥ;
     2 cārakanāyakaḥ; and sim. comp.s.

JALAP: *jalapam; recakamūlaviśeṣaḥ.

JAM: *piṣṭamiṣṭam, greengage j.: *haritakapiṣṭabhiṣṭam.

JAMB: avagrahaṇī (?), A.

JANGLE: v. To wrangle, quarrel.

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JANISSARY: turuṣkasainikaviśeṣaḥ.

JANUARY: uttarapauṣapūrvamāghasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasya prathamamāsaḥ.

JAPAN: a varnish: *yābanam -kukku bhaḥ.

JAR (subs.):
     I A vessel: aliñjaraḥ (?). Mah.
     II Harsh sound: karkaśaśabdaḥ.
     III Clash, quarrel; q.v.: kalahaḥ. Ph.: on the j. or ajar: arddhavivṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

JAR (v.):
     I Of sounds: visvaraṃ karoti.
     II quarrel: q.v.

JARGON: perh. pralapitam or pralāpaḥ.

JARRING (adj.):
     1 karṇakarkaśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 visvaraḥ (rā raṃ)

JASMINE:
     1 mallika (= Arabian j.);
     2 mālatī (= j. grandiflorum);
     3 jātiḥ (= 2);
     4 navamālikā (= double j.);
     5 kundaḥ (= j. pubescens);
     6 hemapuṣpikā (= yellow j.). N. B. These also indicate the flowers, except (5), for which use neuter.

JASPER: jāphraṃ (in Kachari and Assamese dialects).

JAUNDICE:
     1 pāṇḍurogaḥ;
     2 pāṇḍuraḥ;
     3 kāmalā.

JAUNDICED:
     I Lit.: pāṇḍurogin (f. ṇī).
     II Fig.: dūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

JAUNT:
     I Sub.:
     1 bhramaṇam (= rambling);
     2 vihāraḥ or viharaṇam (for pleasure), j. in a wood: vanaviharaṇam, Si.
     II Verb: v. To ramble.

JAUNTY: v. Fresh, lively. J. car: vivṛtayānam (?).

JAVELIN:
     1 Zalyam;
     2 śūlam;
     3 prāsaḥ: v. Dart.

JAW:
     I Lit.: hanuḥ (nūḥ), j. ed: hanumat (f. ); upper, lower j.: uttarā adharā hanuḥ, Ta. Lower j.: civukaḥ.
     II Fig. = mouth: q.v.: before you fall into my j. s: yāvanmama draṃ ṣṭāntargato na mavān bhaviṣyati, P. i. 8.; to the j. s of death: yamasya jambhayoḥ, Ta.

JAY:
     1 cāṣaḥ;
     2 kikidīviḥ;
     3 nīlakaṇṭhaḥ.

JEALOUS:
     I Envious: q.v.: īrirṣyin (f. ṇī).
     II Suspicious: q.v.:
     III Zealous: q.v.

JEALOUSLY: rirṣyayā;
     2 sābhyasūyam.

JEALOUSY:
     1 rirṣyā, Si. xi. 37.;
     2 abhyasūyā, Ku. iii. 4.

JEER (v.): avahasati (has, c. 1.): v. To deride, mock.

JEER (subs.): avahāsaḥ: v. Derision, mockery.

JEERINGLY:
     1 avahāsapūrvakam;
     2 sopahāsam;
     3 avahasya.

JEJUNE:
     I Hungry: q.v.
     II Dry, meagre: śuṣka (f. ṣkā).

JEJUNELY:
     1 śuṣkam;
     2 nīrasam;
     3 karkaśam (?).

JEJUNENESS:
     1 śuṣkatā;
     2 nīrasatā;
     3 kārkaśyam (?).

JELLY: *jālī, calve's-foot-j. *vatsapādajālī.

JELLY-FISH: *jālīmatsyaḥ; jālīdarśano matsyaḥ.

JEOPARD, JEOPARDIZE: *saṃśayasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ) karotiḥ v. To endanger.

JEOPARDY: saṃśayaḥ: v. Danger.

JERK: vi-dhuvati (dhū, c. 6.) (= to shake: q.v.).

JERKIN: jacket: colaḥ -kaḥ.

JERUSALEM ARTCHOKE: *divākaramūlaḥ (the plant), -lam (the root).

JESSAMINE: v. Jasmine.

JEST (subs.):
     I Lit.: parihāsaḥ, jabbering in j.; parihāsavijalpitam, Sa. ii.; even in j.: parihāsakathāsvapi, R. ix. 8.
     II Object of j.: parihāsāspadam and sim. comp.s.

JEST (v.): parihasati (has, c. 1.); parihāsaṃ karoti.

JESTER:
     1 parihāsayitṛ (m.);
     2 vaihāsikaḥ;
     3 vidūṣakaḥ.

JESTINGLY:
     1 parihāsena;
     2 parihāsapūrvam.

JESUIT: *yiśudevaḥ (vā vaṃ). J.'s bark: *piruvalkalam.

JESUITIC, -AL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II Cunning, deceitful: q.v.

JET (subs.):
     I A stone: perh. nīlagomedaḥ (comp. gagates).
     II Of water: utsekaḥ.

JET-BLACK: ghorakṛṇṇa (f. ṣṇā) (?).

JETTY (subs.): no equiv.: *bhṛtiḥ; yātiḥ.

JEW: *yihudiḥ, J. -ess *yihudistrī and sim. comp.s.

JEWEL: ratnjam: v. Gem.

JEWELLED;
     1 by comp.;
     2 maṇimayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     3 ratnakhacitaḥ (tā taṃ).

JEWELLER:
     1 maṇikāraḥ;
     2 ratnajīvin (m.).

JEWISH: *yuhudīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

JIBE: (v.): itastataḥ cālayati saṃ-, (c. of cal) (?).

JIG: a dance: pañcabinduprasṛtiḥ (?), D. viii.

JILT (subs.): capalā (?); vipralambhikā (after vipralabadhā, Sah. iii.)

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JILT: (v.): vipralamate (labh, c. 1.). I am clearly j. ed: vyaktamasmi vipralabdhā, D.

JINGLE (v.): śiṃkte (śiñj, c. 7.): v. To tinkle.

JINGLE (subs.): śiñja or śiñjitam: v. Tinkling.

JINGLING (adj.):
     1 śiñjan (f. );
     2 bhaṇabhaṇāyamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

JOB (subs.):
     I A work: sāmānyakarman (n.).
     II J. A Public transaction for private profit: svārthaparaṃ kāryam (?). Ph.: to do a j. for one, i.e. to kill: śamayati (c. of śam), Vi. iii. 24.

JOBBER: sāmānyakarmakārin (f. ṇī) (?).

JOCKEY (subs.): aśvalākṣaṇikaḥ: v. Also groom.

JOCKEY (v.): v. To cheat, deceive: (also of men).

JOCOSE:
     I Of expressions, etc.:
     1 hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ), etc. (= exciting laughter), j. and quarrelsome: hāsyakaraḥ kalaharatiḥ, Sah.;
     2 hāsyagarbha (f. rbhā), etc. (= containing laughter);
     3 vinojdin (f. ) or vinodakaraḥ (rī raṃ) (= amusing).
     II Of persons: parihāsaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ); rasikaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= witty).

JOCOSELY:
     1 parihāsena;
     2 parihāsapūrvam.

JOCOSENESS:
     I Of style, etc.: hāsyakaratvam -tā, etc.
     II Of persons: parihāsaśīlatā, etc. Better by adj.: v. Jocose.

JOCULAR, JOCULARITY: v. Jocose, -ness, -ly.

JOCUND: sarasaḥ (sā saṃ): v. Merry.

JOG (v.):
     I To push gently: cālayati (c. of cal) (?).
     II To j. on: mandaṃ mandaṃ sarpati (sṛp, c. 1.).

JOG (subs.): "to give an invisible j.": adṛśyamaṣidapasāraṇaṃ karoyti (?).

JOG-TROT:
     I Lit.: gajagatiḥ (?).
     II A habitual mode of action: gajagatiḥ (?).

JOIN (v. t.:)
     I To unite: q.v.: yunakti or yojayati saṃ- ā-, (yuj, c. 7. and 10.), you have j. ed yourself in great penances: āyojijtastapasi mahatyātmā, K.
     II To come to go over: gacchati (gam, c. 1.). yāti (, c. 2.), eti (i, c. 2.), etc., j. ed Yudhiṣṭhira with his forces: balenāgāduyudhiṣṭhiram. Dhriṣṭhaketu j. ed the sons of Pānḍu: dhṛṣṭaketyrupāgacchat pāṇḍavān; with the hill-chiefs, j. ed the sons of Pānḍu: pārvatīyairmahīpālaiḥ sahitaḥ pāṇḍavāniyāt; j. ed Duryodhana: duryodhanamupayātau, Mah. v. 19. 1-17.; to j. battle: raṇaṃ gacchati, V. p.

JOIN (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃyujyate (pass. of yuj) (rare);
     2 by yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     II To take part in:
     1 upāgacchati (gam, c. 1.);
     2 upaiti (i, c. 2.);
     3 āyāti (ya, c. 2.).

JOINER:
     1 sūtradhāraḥ;
     2 takṣan (m.) (= carpenter: q.v.).

JOINT (subs.):
     1 sandhiḥ, j. s are flexible and inflexible: sandhayaśceṣṭāvatyaḥ styhirāśca, Bha.; there are three j. s in every toe: elaikasyāṃ pādāṅgulyāṃ trayasnnyaḥ sandhayaḥ, Bha.; out of j.: sandhimuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), Sr.;
     2 parvan (n.) (in plants and animals: also the part between two j. s. in a plant: might be applied to a j. of meat), in every j. of the sugarcane: ikṣvoḥ parvaṇi parvaṇi, P. ii.; with j. s. rough like those of bamboo: veṇukarkaśaparva (f. rvā), R. xii. 41.;
     5 granthiḥ (= knot).

JOINT (v.):
     I To join: q.v.: sandadhāti (dhā, c. 3.)
     II To disjoint: viyojayati (c. of yuj).

JOINT (adj.):
     I Combined:
     1 samavetaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 saṃhataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Held in compmon: sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī), j. property: sādhāraṇadhanm, Da.; j. -family property: saṃsṛṣṭidhanam, Mit.: j.stock-company: sambhūyakāriṇaḥ or precisely *samavāyamūlaprayoktāraḥ.
     III Sharing in common: saha- in comp., j. heir; ekarikthin (f. ), M. ix. 162.

JOINTLY:
     1 saha;
     2 samavāyena;
     3 sambhūyaḥ v. Unitedly, together.

JOINTURE: saudāyikaṃ dhanam (?), Mit.

JOIST: *kīlakāṣṭham.

JOKE (subs.):
     1 parihāsaḥ, practical j.: *karmaparihāsaḥ: v. Jest.:
     2 prahāsaḥ, even in j.: prahāsane'pi, Ka. v. 20.;
     3 narmana (n.) (= play), I speak in earnest, no j.: satyaṃ bravāṇi na narma, B. p.

JOKE (v.):
     1 parihāsaṃ karoti;
     2 krīḍati (= to play)

JOKER:
     1 parihāsayitṛ (m.);
     2 parihāsavett (m.);
     3 parihāsakārin (m.).

JOKING (subs.): parihāsaḥ, away with j.: alaṃ parihāsena.

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JOKINGLY:
     1 parihāsena;
     2 parihāsapūrvam.

JOLLITY: āmodapramodaḥ (?): v. Festivity, gaiety.

JOLLY: prapullaḥ (llā llaṃ): v. Merry, fine.

JOLLY-BOAT: no equive.: keli-nauḥ (?).

JOLT, JOLTING (subs.):
     1 udghātaḥ, he went over the pleasat road where there was no j.: yayāvanudghātasukhena so'dhvanā;
     2 kṣobhaḥ (?). R. i. 58.

JOLT (v.): udraghātaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 2.): v. To shake.

JOSTLE: saṃ-bādhate (bādh, c. 1.): v. To shake.

JOSTLING (subs): saṃbādhā (?), Ki.;
     2 saṃkṣobhaḥ (= agitation).

JOT (subs.): kaṇaḥ: v. Iota.

JOT (v.): j. down: abhilikhati (likh, c. 6.) (?).

JOTTING (subs.): where are my j. s: *kva yanmayābhilikhitam.

JOURNAL: patrikā (?): v. Also diary.

JOURNALIST: patrikālokhakaḥ.

JOURNEY (subs.):
     1 prayāṇam: v. March;
     2 expr. by words given under way, thus after a few day's j.: ityadhvanaḥ kaiścadahobhirante, R. xvi. 35.; I wish you a pleasant j.: tava vartmani vartatāṃ śivam, N. ii. 62. or śivāste santu panthānaḥ, Sa. iv.

JOURNEY (v.): prayāti (, c. 2.): v. To march, travel.

JOURNEY-MAN: bhṛtakaḥ, Viv.

JOVIAL:
     1 prakullaḥ (llā llaṃ);
     2 sollāsaḥ (sā saṃ): v. Merry.

JOVIALITY: praphullatā: v. Mirth.

JOWL: gaṇḍaḥ: v. Cheek.

JOY (subs.):
     1 harṣaḥ pra-, heavy with j.: harṣajaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ), R. iii. 68.;
     2 ānandaḥ, with tears of j.: ānandajāśrubhiḥ: v. Pleasure, delight.

JOY (v.):
     I To rejoice, be delighted: q.v.: hṛṣyati (hṛṣ, c. 4.).
     II To delight, give pleasure: q.v.: harṣayati (c. of hṛṣ).

JOYFUL:
     1 hṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), pra- saṃ-;
     2 ānanditaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also delightfully.

JOYFULLY:
     1 sānandam;
     2 hṛṣṭacittena;
     3 sollāsam.

JOYLESS:
     1 nirānandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ);
     2 aharṣaḥ (rṣā rṣaṃ) (?).

JOYOUS:
     1 sānandaḥ (ndā ndaṃ);
     2 saharṣaḥ (saharṣaḥ) (rṣā rṣaṃ): v. Joyful.

JOYOUSLY:
     1 sānandam;
     2 saharṣam: v. Joyfully.

JUBILANT:
     I Lit.: jayadhvaniṃ kṛrvan (f. ntī).
     II Joyful: q.v.: saṃhṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

JUBILEE:
     I Rapture: praharṣaḥ.
     II A season of joy: "the town was all a j. of feasts": srvaṃ nagaraṃ mahotsavamayamāsīt.

JUDAICAL: *yihudīyaḥ (yā yaṃ). J. ly: *yihudīyaprakāreṇa.

JUDAISM: *yihudīyadharmaḥ; also *yihudīyadharmāsaktiḥ.

JUDGE (subs.):
     I Civil:
     1 prāḍvivākaḥ (the chief j.), an appeal lies to the c. j. from the decision of a king's employee: nṛpādhikṛtakṛtaḥ prāḍvivākasavidhaṃ parāvartate, Mit.;
     2 adhikarṇikaḥ dharma-, (any j.), then enters the j. with the merchant and the writer: tataḥ praviśati śreṣṭhikāyasthaparivṛto'dhikaraṇikaḥ, Mr. ix.;
     3 vicārakaḥ nirṇetṛ (m.), etc. (in gen. sense), the heads of families, classes and communities are j. s of the said (actions): kulaśreṇigaṇādhyakṣāḥ proktanirṇayakāriṇaḥ, Vri.
     II An expert:
     1 guṇadoṣajñaḥ;
     2 viśeṣajñaḥ;
     3 rasajñaḥ (= appreciator).

JUDGE (v.t.):
     1 vicārayati (c. of car), as he j. s: vicārayati yenāsau. Vy.;
     2 vivecayati (c. of vic);
     3 nirṇayati (, c. 1.) (= to decide q.v.);
     4 saṃcintayati (cint, c. 10.) (= to think, consider: q.v.).

JUDGMENT:
     I In law: nirṇayaḥ. N. B. Not vicāraḥ = enquiry, trial.
     II Notion, taste: q.v.: vicāraḥ, Ku. v. 42.
     III Reason: q.v.: vivekaḥ.
     IV Divine: daṇḍaḥ (?).

JUDGMENT-DAY: dharmavicāradinam (??).

JUDGMENT-HALL:
     1 vicārasabhā;
     2 dahrmasabhā. Court of j.: dharmādhikaraṇam.

JUDICIAL: vyavahāra- in comp., j. subordination: vyavahāraparādhīnatā, Mr. ix.; j. proceedings consist of four parts: vyavahāraścatuṣpadaḥ, vri.

JUDICIALLY:
     1 vivārya;
     2 vicāraṃ kṛtvā.

JUDICIOUS: vivekin (f. ): v. Discreet, circumspect.

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JUDICIOUSLY:
     1 vivekena;
     2 vivekapūrvakam;
     3 vivicya.

JUDICIOUSNESS: vivekitā: v. Discretion, circumspection.

JUG: kamaṇḍaluḥ: v. PikSer.

JUGGLE (v.):
     I To deceive: mohayati (c. of muh), j. ing the chief of Mālwa with the art of j. ry: indrajālavidyayā mālavendraṃ mohayan, D.
     II To practise, j. ry: indrajālaṃ karoti; j. ing men: indrajālapuruṣāḥ, D.

JUGGLE (subs.):
     I Lit.: indrajālam, this is j.: idamindrajālam, Ra. iv. 19.
     II Deception: q.v.: māyā.

JUGGLER: aindrajālikaḥ, Ra. iv. Hisrod: picchikā, K.

JUGGLERY:
     1 indrajālam;
     2 kuhakam.

JUGULAR: by comp., j. vein: galadhamaniḥ, Vi. The two external j. veins: manye (f. dual), B. iii. 28.

JUICE: rasaḥ, j. of the date: kharjūrarasaḥ, Bha.

JUICY:
     1 rasamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 rasapūrṇa (f. rṇā).

JUJUBE:
     I The tree:
     1 ba(va)daraḥ -rī -rikā;
     2 karkandhuḥ.
     II The fruit: vadaram, etc.

JULY: uttarāṣāḍhapūrvaśrāvaṇasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasya saptamo māsaḥ.

JUMBLE (v. t.): vyāmiśrayati (miśr, c. 10.): v. To mix, confuse.

JUMBLE (subs.): saṅkaraḥ (?): v. Confusion, mixture.

JUMP:
     I Subs: bhampaḥ: v. Leap.
     II Verb: bhampaṃ dadāti: v. To leap.

JUNCTION:
     I Union: q.v.: yogaḥ.
     II Of rivers: saṅgamaḥ.
     III Of rail lines *saṅgamaḥ, Kanoo j.: koṇasaṅgamaḥ (?).

JUNCTURE:
     I In gen.: sandhiḥ, in the j. of the Tretā and Dwāpara: tretādvāparayoḥ sandhau, Mah.
     II Of time: kṣaṇam: v. Time, opportunity.

JUNE: uttarajyaiṣṭhapūrvāṣāḍhasaṃvādīyurupīyavarṣasya ṣaṣṭho māsaḥ.

JUNGLE: ja () ṅgalam, j. cock: vanakukku ṭaḥ.

JUNIOR: kaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) (lit. and fig.): v. Young.

JUNIPER: vṛkṣabhedaḥ.

JUNK: cīnadeśīyapotaḥ; *jaṅkam.

JUNKET: v. Sweetmeat.

JURIDICAL: expr. by comp., j. seat: dharmāsanam, Sa.; "in j. construction": dharmārthena (?).

JURISCONSULT:
     1 dharmajñaḥ, M.;
     2 dharmaśāstreṣu kuśalaḥ, N.s.

JURISDICTION: adhikāraḥ, beyond j.: adhikārabahibhataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

JURISPRUDENCE: dharmaḥ -śāstram, promulgators of systems of j.: dharmaśāstrapravartakāḥ, Y.; (precisely) *vyavahāradharmaḥ.

JURIST: dharmaśāstrakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), -kovidaḥ (dā daṃ), etc.; (precisely) *vyavahāradharmajña (f. jñā).

JUROR, JURY-MAN:
     1 sabhyaḥ, the j. s are the examiners of actions: sabhyāḥ kāryaparīkṣakāḥ, Vri.;
     2 sabhāsad (m.), P. i. iv.

JURY: sabhyāḥ (m. pl.), Mit., the j. system: sabhyaiḥ saha vicāravidhiḥ (?).

JUST (adj.):
     I Of men:
     1 dhārmika (f. );
     2 nyāyaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā); etc.
     II Of action, etc.:
     1 nyāyya (f. yyā);
     2 nyāyasaṅgata (f. );
     3 dhārmya (f. rmyā); etc.
     III Exact, proper: q.v.

JUST (adv.):
     I In gen.: by -eva, j. so: evameva; j. now: idānīmeva; j. here: ihaiva, Sa. i.; j. the same feature: saivākṛtiḥ, U., iv. 23.; complaisance is j. proper for affection: ucitameva dākṣiṇyaṃ snehasya, U. iii.; j. at this moment: asminneva kṣaṇe, D. v.; j. before sunrise: anukṣita eva bhāskare.
     II Only: j. wait a moment: muhūrtaṃ tāvattiṣṭha, Sa.; so much sunshine as is sufficient for lotus-blowing: tāvantamevātapaṃ tanoti yāvanmātreṇa kamalonmeṣo sādhyate, Ku. ii. 23.
     III = instantly; now: q.v.

JUSTICE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 dharmaḥ;
     2 nyāyaḥ (= equity).
     II Justness: nyāyyatā.
     III Just treatment: expr. by circumlo, you will have j. in his hands: *taddhaste te samucitavicāro bhaviṣyati.
     IV A judge: dharmādhyakṣaḥ.

JUSTICIARY:
     1 dharmādhyakṣaḥ;
     2 prāḍvivākaḥ: v. Judge.

JUSTIFIABLE: expr. by comp.: v. To justify.

JUSTIFIABLY: nyāyataḥ (= justly): v. Rightly.

JUSTIFICATION:
     I Excuse: (marṣaṇīyaṃ ?) kāraṇam, admitting pleads j.: prapadya kāraṇaṃ brūte, Mit.
     II Absolution: śodhanam or śuddhiḥ.

JUSTIFIER:
     I One who defends: expr. by verb.
     II Absolver: śodhakaḥ.

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JUSTIFY:
     I To defend: nyāyyaḥ (f. yyā) iti pradarśayati (c. of dṛś) or pratipādayati (c. of pad).
     II To clear: q.v.: śodhayati (c. of śudh).

JUSTLY:
     1 nyāyataḥ;
     2 yathānyāyam;
     3 yathārthataḥ (= rightly).

JUSTNESS: nyāyyatā: v. Just, justice.

JUT (v.): pralambate (lamb, c. 1.), j. ting: pralamba (f. mbā).

JUVENILE: bālaḥ, in comp., j. sports: bālakrīḍāḥ (m. pl.): v. Youthful, childish.

JUVENILITY: kaumārāvasthā v. Youthfulness.

JUXTAPOSITION:
     1 sannidhānam or sānnidhyam -yogaḥ;
     2 sannikarṣaḥ.


KALE: śākabhedaḥ; *kaviḥ.

KALENDAR: v. Calendar.

KALIF: *kālapaḥ: v. Emperor.

KANGAROO: an animal: *kaṅgaruḥ.

KEEL: naukātalam (?); *kīlam.

KEEN:
     I Sharp: q.v.: tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā), K.pointed: tikṣṇāgra (f. grā), with a k. edge: tīkṣṇadhāraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Severe: q.v.: tījvra (f. vrā), also, thundering saying with k. impetus: ahaha tīvrasaṃvego vāgvajraḥ, U. i.
     III Eager: q.v.
     IV In mind: sūkṣmabuddhi (mfn.): v. Also sharp.

KEENLY:
     1 tīkṣṇam: v. Sharply;
     2 tīvram: v. Severely, bitterly:
     2 atyantam: v. Exceedingly.

KEENNESS: q.v.: tīkṣṇatā.
     II Severity: q.v.: tīvratā.
     III Eagerness: vyagratā (= shrewd).

KEEN-EYED, KEEN-SIGHTED:
     1 sūkṣmabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 dūradarśin (f. ); (far-sighted);
     3 caturaḥ (rā raṃ).

KEEN-SIGHTEDNESS:
     1 sūkṣmabuddhaḥ;
     2 dūradarśitā.

KEEP (v. t.):
     I To retain:
     1 rakṣati saṃ- pari- abhi- (rakṣ, c. 1.), Mālavikā is kept out of the sight of His Majesty: mālavikā bhartūrdarśanapathādrakṣyate, Mal. i.; to k. counsel; mantraṃ saṃrakṣati, Ka.; can I k. my tongue now: kimidānīhaṃ jihvāṃ rakṣituṃ samarthe'smi,
     V ii.;
     2 dharati or dhārayati (dhṛ, c. l. and 10.) (= to hold), should k. in mind: hṛdi dhartumarhasi, M. n.; therefore you k. (it): tasmāt svayaṃ dhāraya, Mr. iii.
     II Fig., to observe: rakṣati saṃ-, etc., to keep a promise: pratijñāṃ parirakṣati, Sca.; k. ing of a vow: vratābhirakṣā, Ki.
     III To preserve: rakṣati, etc., to k. the hair: keśānāṃ rakṣaṇārthāya, Pa.
     IV To have: q.v.: rakṣati (?: used in Bengali). Ph.: have you kept the secret I entrusted: rakṣyate bhavatā rahasyanikṣepaḥ,
     V ii.; to k. daily accounts of receipts and expenses: nityamāyavyaye anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.) (?), Mah. ii. 5. 72.; to k. bed: śayyāyāṃ tiṣṭhati; he k. s a school: tasya vidyāgṛhamasti; to k. bad hours: vilambena śayyāṃ gacchati (?).

KEEP (v.i.):
     I To last, stay: q.v.: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     II To remain, continue: āste (ās, c. 2.), to k. crying: rudannāste.

KEEP BACK: rakṣatiḥ v. To withhold, restrain.

KEEP COMPANY:
     I To associate: q.v.: saṃsarīkaroti.
     II To accompany: q.v.: sahacarīmavati (with gen.), N.

KEEP DOWN: nirgṛhlāti (graha, c. 9.): v. To check, repress.

KEEP OFF:
     I Trans: nivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To prevent.
     II Intrans: nivartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To obtain.

KEEP ON: na viramati (ram, c. 1.) or śrāmyati (śram, c. 4.) (with inf. or loc.).

KEEP TO: anuvartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To follow. Ph.: k. ing to one's own religion: svadharmavartitvam, Mah. iii. 313. 88.

KEEP UP: rakṣati: v. To keep, maintain, hold.

KEEP (subs.): of a castle: guptiḥ (?).

KEEPER:
     I Lit.: rakṣakaḥ.
     II As of a park: pālaḥ -kaḥ, k. of a prison: guptipālakaḥ, Mr. vi.;
     2 rarely by deriv., dog k.: śvagaṇī, R. ix. 53.

KEEPING (subs): rakṣā abhi-, etc.: v. To keep. In k. with i.e. agreeing: saṃvādin (f. ).

KEEPSAKE: prītidāyaḥ (?), Ram.

KEG: bhāṇḍaviśeṣaḥ.

KEN: gocaraḥ, beyond the k. of speech and mind: atītya vācāṃ manasāñca gocaram, Ki. xviii. 41.: v. View.

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KENNEL:
     I A cot: kukkuraśālā (?).
     II A pack: dalam.

KERB-STONE: nirodhopalaḥ (??).

KERCHIEF: āvaraṇam (any covering): v. Also hand-k.

KERNEL:
     I Of a fruit: bījam, as if its seeds have been thrown out by the k.-eating time: bījabhujādasīyaṃ kālena niṣṭhyūtamivāsthiyutham, N. II. Of flesh: gaṇḍaḥ (?), Bha.
     III Fig.: mūlam: v. Bottom.

KERNELLY:
     1 bījamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 bījapūrṇa (f. rṇā).

KESTREL: bhāsaḥ (?); śyenaḥ (= falcon).

KETCH: potaviśeṣaḥ.

KETTLE:
     1 kaṭāhaḥ;
     2 piṭharaḥ;
     3 kanduḥ.

KETTLE-DRUM:
     1 bherī (large k. ?);
     2 guñjā (small k. ?).

KEY:
     I Of a lock:
     1 aṅkuṭaḥ (?);
     2 kuñcikā (?).
     II In gen.: udghāṭakaḥ, becomes a k. in a locked door: udghāṭako bhavati yantradṛḍhe kapāṭe, Mr. iii.
     III Explanation: q.v.: vyākhyā.
     IV Keynote: vādin (m.), Wilson.
     V Of a country: śaraṇam (?).

KEY-HOLE: aṅkuṭacchidram and sim. comp.s. (??).

KEY-STONE: *sāraprastaraḥ; sandhānaprastaraḥ.

KIBE:
     1 pādasphoṭaḥ;
     2 vipādikā.

KICK (v.):
     1 pādena praharati (hṛ, c. 1.), tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.) or hanti ā-, (han, c. 2.), k. ed on the head: padā mūrddhri prāharat, Mah.;
     2 pādaṃ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (of horses ?).

KICK, KICKING (subs.):
     1 pādaprahāraḥ;
     2 padāghātaḥ;
     3 pādakṣepaḥ (of horse ?).

KID:
     I Lit.: chāgaśāvaḥ -kaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II A child: bālaḥ.

KIDNAP:
     1 harati (hṛ, c. 1.), to k. women: nārīṃ harati, Mit.: v. Also to steal.

KIDNAPPER: narahartṛ, Mit. K. of women: strīhartṛ (m.), Mit.

KIDNAPPING (subs.): naraharaṇam, etc.; k. of boys: bālaharaṇam.

KIDNEY: bu(bṛ)kkaḥ-kkā or -kkan (m.), the K. s; vṛkkayoryugalam, Bha.

KIDNEY-BEAN: śi (si) mbā (mbi: or mbī); śi (si) mbikā.

KILL:
     1 hanti ni-, (han, c. 2.), k. ed Satrājita in sleep: supta satrājitaṃ jaghāna,
     V p.; to k. by poison: viṣena hanti, D. iv.; let not duty k. ed k. us: mā no dharmo hato'vadhīt, Mah. iii. 313. 128. (vadh, only in ḷṭ and luṅ);
     2 vyāpādayati (c. of pad), k. the wretch: durātmānaṃ vyāpādaya, Ma. iv.;
     3 mārayati (c. of mṛ) (rare), to k. as they k. animals: paśumāraṇaṃ mārayitum, Sa. vi.;
     4 sūdayati ni-, (sūd, c. 10 (= to slay: q.v.):
     5 nāśayati vi-, (c. of naś) (= to destroy: q.v.);
     6 paralokaṃ nayati (, c. 1.), gamayati (c. of gam), etc. (= to send to the next world).

KILLER:
     1 hantṛ ni- (f. ntrī);
     2 in comp., Brahmin-k.: brahmahā, V. s.; k. of enemies: śatrughnaḥ;
     3 ghātin (f. ) (gen. in comp.), bird-k.: pakṣighātī, V. s.; k. of Madhu: madhusūdanaḥ; k. of Naraka: narakāntakaḥ.

KILLING (subs.):
     1 vadhaḥ;
     2 hatyā, Brahmin k.: brahmahatyā, V. s.:
     3 hananam ni-, k. of Krishna: kṛṣṇahananam, M. n.;
     4 ghātaḥ (rare), k. of brutes: paśughātaḥ, Mr.;
     5 sūdanam ni- (= slaying).

KILN:
     1 pākapuṭī;
     2 āpākaḥ, like pots, etc. thrown in the k.: āpāke nikṣiptasya ghaṭādeḥ, V. d.

KIMBO: bhugna (f. gnā), ava-: v. Crooked, arched (I).

KIN: v. Kindred (subs. and adj.). When affix, expr. by -kaḥ, manikin: māṇavakaḥ.

KIND (subs.):
     I Race, genus: jātiḥ.
     II Sort:
     1 bhedaḥ, k. s. of heroes: nāyakabhedāḥ, Sah.;
     2 prakāraḥ (of things etc.);
     3 -vidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ) in comp., of three k. s:. trividhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); of the same k.: tathāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); of how many k. s: katividhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ). Ph.: (a) a kind of = somewhat: q.v.; (b) in k.: i. e. not in money: expr. by the commodity implied.

KIND (adj.):
     I Generous, merciful:
     1 dayālu (mfn.), as if by k. penance: dayāluneva tapasā, Ki. vi. 27.;
     2 dayāvat (f. ) (of persons only);
     3 sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ). Ph.: k. act: upakāraḥ: v. Good (subs.).
     II Of words:
     1 priyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 madhuraḥ (rā raṃ).

KIND-HEARTED: sadayahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), Gi. i. 13. and sim. comp.s.

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KINDLE (v. t.):
     1 ut-dīpayati saṃ- (c. of dīp), k. d the Pāṇḍavas with glances: pāṇḍavān sandīpayāmāsa kaṭākṣapātaiḥ, Mah. ii. 67. 42.;
     2 saṃ-dhukṣayati (c. of dhukṣ): v. To inflame, lighten.

KINDLE (v. i.):
     1 dīpyate ut- saṃ- (dīp, c. 4.), the Raghu chief k. d with rage: kruddho'dīpi raghuvyāghraḥ, B.;
     2 saṃdhukṣate (dhukṣ, c. 1.): v. Also to lighten, take fire.

KINDLINESS:
     1 saumyatā;
     2 saujanyam (= good nature).

KINDLY (adj.):
     I Kindred: sajātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Soft, gentle: q.v.: saumya (f. myā).
     III Kind: q.v.: sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ).

KINDLY (adv.):
     1 sadayam, enjoyed k.: sadayaṃ bubhuje, R. viii. 7.;
     2 dayāpuraḥsaram, etc.;
     3 dayālutayā. To speak k.: priyaṃ or maghuram vakti.

KINDNESS:
     I The feeling:
     1 dayā, show k.: darśaya dayām, K.; (they) feel even for them: dayāsti tāsvapi, Mah. ii. 68. I.; k. is desire for the happiness of all: dayā sarvasukhaiṣitvam, Mah. iii. 313. 19.;
     2 dayālutā, ou of k. for the poor: dīnadayālutayā, N. i. 143.
     II An act of k.:
     1 anugrahaḥ: v. Favour;
     2 hitam: v. Good.

KINDRED (subs.):
     I Relationship:
     1 bandhutā;
     2 jñāteyam or jñātibhāvaḥ or jñātitvam.
     II Relatives:
     1 bandhutā (rare), Ki. i. 10.;
     2 bandhavaḥ (m. pl.): v. Relative.

KINDRED (adj.): the union of the k. (couple): samaguṇayogaḥ, R. vi. 85.: v. Akin (II), congenial.

KINE: gāvaḥ (f. pl.): v. Cow.

KING:
     1 rājan (m.), great k.: mahārājaḥ adhirājaḥ; k. of k.s (gen. Kuvera): rājarājaḥ;
     2 nṛpaḥ bhūpatiḥ mahīpālaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

KINGDOM:
     I Lit.:
     1 rājyam, obtaining the k. bequeathed by his father: guruṇā dattaṃ rājyaṃ pratipadya, R. iv. 1.; placed (him) in the k.: rājye samādadhuḥ, R. xvii. 8.;
     2 rāṣṭram (= country);
     3 rājatvam, - (= royal power).
     II Fig.: mineral k.: *dhātusṛṣṭiḥ; these are the three k. s of nature: *tisro naisargikapadārthānāṃ jātayaḥ.

KINGFISHER: matsyaraṅgaḥ (ṅkaḥ); matsyāśanaḥ (rare).

KINGLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp.;
     2 rājakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Like a king: rājasadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ); rājasannibhaḥ; etc.

KING'S-EVIL: a discase: gaṇḍamālā.

KINSFOLK:
     1 bāndhavāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 bandhuvargaḥ, etc.

KINSMAN:
     1 bandhuḥ;
     2 bāndhavaḥ: v. Relative (subs.).

KISS (subs.):
     1 cumbanam, to give a k.: cumbanaṃ dadāti, H. or arpayati, J.;
     2 cumbitam.

KISS (v.):
     1 cumbati or cumbayati pari- ni- ā-, (cumb, c. l. and 10.), to k. you: tvāṃ nicumbitum, Ch.; k. ed the darling on the face priyāmukhaṃ cucumba, Ku.;
     2 niṃste pari-, (nis, c. 2 (rare). To k. the lips: adharaṃ pibati (, c. 1.) (poet), Sa.; to k. on the head: mūrddhani upajighrati or upā- or ā- (dhrā, c. 6.), K.

KISSER:
     1 cumbakaḥ;
     2 pariṇiṃsakaḥ (rare).

KITCHEN:
     1 pākaśālā;
     2 mahānasam, I am well up in k. work: kuśalo'smi mahānase, Mah.;
     3 rasavatī (rare).

KITCHEN-GARDEN:
     1 śākavāṭikā;
     2 śākaśakaṭam (rare).

KITCHEN-MAID: (pākaśālāyāṃ niyuktā) ceṭī.

KITE:
     I The bird: cillaḥ.
     II The toy: cillaḥ (?); māsaḥ, Mah.

KITTEN: mārjāraśāvaḥ -kaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Cat.

KNACK: kauśalam: v. Skill, dexterity.

KNAPSACK: *pātheyamastrā.

KNAVE: dhūrtaḥ: v. Rogue.

KNAVERY: dhūrtatā: v. Villainy, deceit.

KNAVISH: dhūrta- in comp., k. fellow: dhūrtajanaḥ.

KNAVISHLY: kapaṭena: v. Deceitfully, dishonestly.

KNAVISHNESS:
     1 dhūrtatā;
     2 kāpaṭyam: v. Deceitfulness.

KNEAD: mardayati saṃ- pari- vi-, (mṛd, c. 10.)

KNEADING-TROUGH: droṇiḥ (ṇī) (gen. term: not nec. for kneading).

KNEE: jānu (n.), k. -joint: jānusandhiḥ.

KNEE-DEEP:
     1 jānudaghna (f. ghnī);
     2 jānumitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 jānudvayasaḥ (f. ).

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KNEE-PAN: jānuphalakam, Wilson.

KNEEL: also with down: jānumyāṃ mahīṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.) or namati (nam, c. 1.). K. ing, k, etc. is expr. also by jānumyāṃ sthitvā kṣititalanihitajānu (mfn.), K., and sim. expr.s.

KNELL:
     I Lit.: *pretaghaṇṭā.
     II Death, end: q.v.

KNIFE:
     1 churikā;
     2 kartarikā;
     3 dātram.

KNIGHT (subs.):
     I A champion: maṭaḥ.
     II A title: *anuberaṇaḥ bhaṭaḥ,

KNIGNT (v.): *anuberaṇaṃ or bhaṭaṃ karoti bhaṭopādhiṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

KNIGHT-ERRANT:
     1 bhaṭaḥ;
     2 vīraḥ.

KNIGHTHOOD:
     I The dignity: *anuberaṇatvam; maṭapadam.
     II The knights collectivelly: expr. by pl.

KNIGHTLY: expr. by gen. or comp.: v. Heroic.

KNIT (v.):
     I To fasten: q.v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II With needles: saṃ-sīvyati (siv, c. 4.).
     III To connect: q.v.: saṃyojayati (c. of yuj). Ph.: to k. the brows: bhrūkuṭīṃ badhnāti.

KNOB:
     I A lump:
     1 piṇḍa (mn.);
     2 gaṇḍaḥ;
     3 gulmaḥ;
     4 geṇḍuḥ (of balls, etc.).
     II A knot: granthiḥ.

KNOBBED, KNOBBY:
     1 piṇḍilaḥ (lā laṃ) (?);
     2 granthilaḥ (lā laṃ) (= knotty).

KNOCK (v.): ā-hanti sam-, (han, c. 2.): v. To strike, beat. K. against: pratihanti (with ins. of the English acc.). K. down: (a) to fell: pātayati (c. of pat), I will k. d. all your teeth: pātayiṣyāmi daśanān vadanādakhilāṃstava, V.p. xvi. 7.; (b) in auction: *āhvānaṃ samāpayati (c. of āp). K. in or on the head (fig.): samāpayatiḥ v. Also to frustrate. K. off: (a) to k. out: q.v.; (b) in auction: v. K. down (b); (c) to cease: q.v. K. out: (a) to fell: pātayati; (b) to force out: bahiṣkaroti. K. under: v. To yield, sumbit. K. up: (a) to assure: *dvāre samāhatya prabodhayati (c. of budh); (b) to be k. ed up: pari-klāmyati (klam, c. 4.): v. Fatigued.

KNOCK, KNOCKING (subs.):
     1 āghātaḥ sam-;
     2 abhighātaḥ.

KNOCKER: of a door: *dvāratāḍanī; dvārāhatiyantram.

KNOCK-KNEED:
     1 saṃjñu (mfn.);
     2 saṃhatajānu (mfn.).

KNOLL: nākṛḥ: v. Also mound.

KNOT (subs.):
     I A tie:
     1 granthiḥ, Ku. iii. 46.;
     2 bandhaḥ -nam, M. n. To tie up the hair in a k.: veṇīṃ badhnāti, Mu.; having k. ted hair: jaṭilaḥ (lā laṃ), S. p.
     II Of plants: granthiḥ: v. Joint.
     III Fig., bond: q.v.: bandhaḥ.
     IV A cluster, circle: maṇḍalam.
     V A knotty point: granthiḥ, in this work I have carefully inserted k.s here and there: granthagranthiriha kvacit kvacidapi nyāsi prayatnānmayā, N. xxii. 154.; to loosen a k.: granthiṃ ślathīkaroti, N. VI. A bird: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.
     VII In ships: it goes ten k. s an hour: *horāyāṃ pañcakrośaṃ gacchati.

KNOT (v.): granthiṃ baghnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

KNOT-GRASS, KNOT-WEED: granthimatī; (?);
     2 granthidūrvā (?).

KNOTTINESS:
     1 granthilatā;
     2 granthimattā.

KNOTTY:
     1 granthilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 granthimat (f. ). K. point: granthiḥ: v. Knot (V.).

KNOUT: kaśā (?): v. Also scourge.

KNOW (v.):
     1 jānāti vi- saṃ- pari- pra-, or jānīte (jñā, c. 9 (best equiv.), everybody does not k. everything: na hi sarvaḥ sarvaṃ jānāti, Mu.; I don't k. how it is propitiated: na jāne kathaṃ sārādhitā bhavati, V.; don't you k. she is Chandrarekhā: kiṃ na jānāsi sā khalu candrarekheti, V. t.; did not k. that a long while had passed: mahāntaṃ kālamatikrāntaṃ nājñāsīt, K.; you k. how to amuse the queen: jānāsi devīṃ vinodayitum, U.; I do not k. any other man except you: tvāṃ vihāya na jāne puruṣāntaram, H. ii.;
     2 vetti (vid, c. 2.), k. me to be (your) husband's friend: bharturmitraṃ māṃ viddhi, Me.; one who k. s all that is to be k. n.: viditasakalaveditavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ) V. t.;
     3 avaiti (i c. 2.), I k. your strength: avaimi te sāram, Ku.;
     4 avagacchati (gam, c. 1.) (= to find out, understand), k. ing the body to be reduced to (a subject) of talk (only): avagamya kathīkṛtaṃ vapuḥ, K.;
     5 budhyate (budh, c. 4 (= to understand: q.v.).

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KNOWABLE:
     1 vi-jñeyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 veditavya (f. vyā), etc.

KNOWING (adj.):
     I Well-informed:
     1 jñānin (f. );
     2 vijña (f. jñā).
     II Cunning: q.v.: vidagdha (gdhā).
     III Acquainted with:
     1 jña (f. jñā), abhi-, in comp., k. Shāstras: śāstrajñaḥ;
     2 -vid (mfn.) in comp., k. Veda: vedavid (mfn.).

KNOWINGLY (adv.):
     1 by pres. part., who did not k. release Jānakī mumoca jānannapi jānakīṃ na yaḥ, Si.;
     2 jñānataḥ;
     3 jñānāt;
     4 jñānapūrvam, Ram.

KNOWLEDGE:
     1 jñānam, k. is comprehension of truths: jñānaṃ tattvārthasambodhaḥ, Mah.; false k.: mithyājñānam, S.; k. is a burden without action: jñānaṃ māraḥ kriyāṃ vinā, H.; light of k.: jñānapradīpaḥ, D.; k. of one's feelings: bhāvajñānam, Mah. iii. (in this sense, gen. expr. by verb);
     2 vidyā (= gen. learning), one destitute of k. is a beast: vidyāvihīnaḥ paśuḥ, J.; k. of weapons and sciences: vidyā śastrasya śāstrasya, H.;
     3 saṃvid (rare), Lord of k.: saṃvidāmīśaḥ, Ki. Ph.: to come to the k. of: śrutim āyāti, etc.; or has it come to the k. of the spyeyed king: cārekṣaṇasya nṛpateḥ śrutimāgato vā, Mr. ix. 9.; to have a k. of: jānāti abhi-: v. Acquainted.: carnal k.: bhogaḥ saṃ-, V. t.; with, without my k. (= informing, not i. me) māṃ vijñāpya avijñāpya, (= I knowing, not k.); vijñāte avijñāte mayi or madgocareṇa madagocareṇa.

KNOWN (adj.): i. e. celebrated, renowned: q.v.: prasiddha (f. ddhā). Well-k.: suprasiddha (f. ddhā). Ill-k.: aprasiddha (f. ddhā).

KNOWN, BE:
     1 by jñātaḥ (tā taṃ), is it k. that: jñāto nu kim, Mr. ix. 9.;
     2 by viditaḥ (tā taṃ), be it k. to your excellent Majesty: viditamastu devapādānām, Sa. vi.;
     3 by prasiddha (f. ddhā) (of what is well-k.), if God is well-k. from peoples' souls: yadi loke brahmātmatvena prasiddhamasti, S. i. 1.

KNOWN, BECOME: prathate (prath, c. 1.), afterwards k. among people by her name: prajāsu paścātprathitaṃ tadākhyayā, Ku. v. 7.

KNOWN, MAKE:
     I To disclose: q.v.: prakāśī- karoti.
     II To inform: q. v.: vijñāpayati (c. of jñā).

KNUCKLE: parvan (n.); R. xii. 41.; aṅgulisandhiḥ, etc.

KNURL, KNURLY: v. Knot, knotty.

KORAN: *korāṇam.


LABEL (subs.): *lepapatram; bījakam, Monier Williams.

LABEL (v.): *lepapatraṃ sajjayati (c. of sajj).

LABIAL:
     I Adj.: auṣṭhya (f. ṣṭhyā).
     II Subs.: oṣṭhyavarṇaḥ; auṣṭhyam.

LABORATORY: Of chemists: *karmakulam and sim. comp.s.

LABORIOUS:
     I Requiring labour:
     1 śramasādhya (f. dhyā);
     2 prayāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Industrious: q. v.: pariśramin (f. ṇī).

LABORIOUSLY:
     1 pariśrameṇa;
     2 śramapūrvam;
     3 saprayāsam.

LABORIOUSNESS:
     I Toilsomeness: prayāsakaratā; etc.
     II Industry: q. v.

LABOUR (v.):
     I To toil:
     1 pariśramaṃ karoti;
     2 āyāsaṃ karoti.
     II To work: karma karoti.
     III To strive: yatnaṃ or udyogaṃ karoti.
     IV To be in travail: prasavāvasthāyāṃ vartate.
     V To 1. under, suffer: bādhyate (pass. of bādh) or bādhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

LABOUR (subs.):
     I Toil:
     1 śramaḥ pari-, languid with l.: pariśramakrānta (f. ntā), Ki. iv. 17.;
     2 āyāsaḥ or prayāsaḥ (= exertion), then why vain l.: tat kiṃ vṛthā prayāsena, P. II. Work: q. v.: karman (n.).
     III Of childbirth: prasavāvasthā (the state); prasavavedanā (of the pains).

LABOURED (adj.):
     1 śramasiddha (f. ddhā) (?);
     2 āyāsasiddha (f. ddhā) (?).

LABOURER:
     1 karmakaraḥ, will do work like l. s: karma karmakaravat kariṣyati, Si.;
     2 karmājīvaḥ;
     3 karmajīvī, artisans and l. s: śilpinaḥ karmajīvinaśca, V. s.

LABURNUM: sundaravṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; lāvaṇyaḥ.

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LABYRINTH: durlakṣyanirgamā vāṭī or vāṭikā.

LABYRINTHIAN, LABYRINTHINE: atigahanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

LAC:
     I The substance:
     1 lākṣā;
     2 alaktaḥ;
     3 jātu -kam (n.).
     II The number: lakṣam.

LACE (subs.):
     I A string or cord: sūtram.
     II A fabric: *sūtrajālam.

LACE (v.): sūtrajālena maṇḍayati (maṇḍ, c. 10.), "l. d with silver" *rajatajālamaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also to fasten.

LACEMAKER: *jālakarmakaraḥ; sūtrajālakaraḥ.

LACERATE: bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.): v. To rend, tear. L. d wound: bhinnam, Sr.

LACERATION:
     I The act:
     1 bhedanam;
     2 vibhedaḥ;
     3 vidāraṇam;
     4 pāṭanam vi-.
     II The breach made: bhedaḥ vi-.

LACK (subs.): abhāvaḥ: v. Want, deficiency.

LACK: (v.): expr. by subs.: v. To want, deficient.

LACK-A-DAY: aho durdinam: v. Alas.

LACK-BRAIN: nirbuddhi (mfn.): v. Fool.

LACKEY: ceṭaḥ (= servant.).

LACONIC:
     1 laghu (mfn.);
     2 saṃkṣipta (f. ptā) (= concise).

LACONICALLY:
     1 lāghavena;
     2 salāghavam;
     3 saṃkṣepeṇa (= concisely).

LACONISM:
     I The style: lāghavam, Ki.
     II A saying: laghūktiḥ, etc.

LACQUER (LACKER) (subs.): *lākṣakaṇa (lākṣā = lac).

LACQUER (LACKER) (v.): *lākṣakeṇa limpati (lip, c. 6.).

LACTEAL, LACTEUS: kṣīrin (f. ṇī). L. vessel: annarasavāhi srotas (n.), after Bha.

LAD:
     1 bālaḥ: v. Boy;
     2 arbhakaḥ (?).

LADDER: sopānam -mārgaḥ -pathaḥ, R. vi. 1.

LADE: v. To load. L. n = loaded: v. Load. L. out: v. To ladle.

LADING (subs.): expr. by bhāṇḍam: v. Freight, cargo.

LADLE (subs.): darviḥ or darvī, giving two l. s of rice: odanasya darvīdvayaṃ dattvā, D. vi. Sacrificial l: śruvaḥ, Vi.

LADLE (v.): l. out: darvyā bahiṣkaroti.

LADY:
     I Corresponding to lord:
     1 īśvarī, l. of life: prāṇeśvarī;
     2 devī (in addressing), L. Kādambarī: devī kādambarī.
     II Mistress: q. v.: gṛhiṇī.
     III A good woman:
     1 āryā;
     2 gen. expr. by vanitā, etc., ladies go the way of their husbands: pramadāḥ pativartmagāḥ, Ku. iv. 33.: v. Woman.

LADY-DAY: *devīparvan (n.).

LADY-LIKE: āryaḥ (ryā yaṃ): v. Also noble.

LADYSHIP: devī "devyā......paricaryāsukham, K. ii.

LADY'S MAID: prasādhikā, R. vii. 7.; alaṅkartrī, M. n.

LAG (v.): mandāyate (nomi.): v. Also to loiter.

LAGGARD, LAGGING (adj.): mandakarman (mfn.): v. Idler, loiterer.

LAGOON:
     1 anūpaḥ (= marsh);
     2 palvalam (= shallow pond).

LAIC: by comp. or gen.: v. Layman.

LAIR:
     1 nilayaḥ (= abode);
     2 bilam (= den).

LAIRD: v. Lord, leader.

LAITY:
     1 gṛhasthāḥ (m. pl.); prākṛtāḥ (m. pl.) (= common people).

LAKE:
     1 hradaḥ, in a deep l.: hrade gamīre, N.;
     2 saras (n.), -varaḥ, the l. called Achchhoda: acchodaṃ nāma saraḥ, K.

LAMB:
     I The animal: bheṣaśāvaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II The flesh: meṣaśāvāmiṣam and sim. expr. s.

LAMBENT: pralamba (f. mbā) (?) (comp. lamba with L. lambo).

LAMBKIN: kṣudrameṣaśāvaḥ and sim. expr.s.

LAME (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 khañja (f. ñjā);
     2 paṅgu (mfn.);
     3 khoḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ) or khoraḥ (rā raṃ) (rare). To be l.: khañjati (khañj, c. l.).
     II Imperfect. weak: durbalaḥ (lā laṃ).

LAME (v.): khañjīkaroti;
     2 by adj.

LAMELY: Lit. khañjavat.
     II Imperfectly: asamyak.

LAMENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 khañjatā;
     2 paṅgutā; etc.
     II Weakness: q.v.: durbalatā.

LAMENT (v.):
     1 vi-lapati (lap, c. l.), the chief of Kośala thus l. ing: vilapanniti kośalādhipaḥ, R. viii. 70.;
     2 krandati (krand, c. 1.): v. To cry;
     3 roditi (rud, c. 2.): v. To weep;
     4 śocati anu-, (śuc, c. 1.): v. To grieve;
     5 paridevayati (dev, c. 10 (rare), Ram. ii. 85. 15.

LAMENT (subs.): v. Lamentation.

LAMENTABLE:
     I Deplorable: śocanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or śocya (f. cyā), anu-.
     II Mourning: by comp., "l. eye": śokacakṣuḥ; by the l words: paridevitākṣaraiḥ, Ku. iv. 25.

LAMENTATION:
     I Bewailing:
     1 vilāpaḥ;
     2 paridevanam or paridevitam (rare);
     3 rodanam = weeping).
     II In. pl., a book of the Bible: *vilāpakāṇḍaḥ.

LAMENTED (adj.): as = dead: svargīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= heavenly) and sim. comp.s.

LAMINA: śakalam (??): v. Plate, scale.

LAMINATE, -D: śakalin (f. ) (?): v. Also plated.

LAMP: dīpaḥ pra-, like the moving flame of a l.: sañcāriṇī dīpaśikheva, R. vi. 67.: v. Also light.

LAMP-BLACK:
     1 kajjalam;
     2 dīpakiṭṭam (rare).

LAMP-STAND:
     1 dīpavṛkṣaḥ;
     2 pradīpapādapaḥ.

LAMPOON (subs.): *nindālekhaḥ; apavādabandhaḥ.

LAMPOON (v.): *nindālekhapātraṃ karoti; prabandhena apavadati (vad, c. 1.).

LAMPREY: kuñcikā (??): matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

LANCE (subs.):
     1 kuntaḥ;
     2 prāsaḥ: v. Dart.

LANCE (v.): (kuntena) vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To pierce.

LANCER: kuntapāṇiḥ and sim. comp.s.

LANCET: śalākā, l. s are of various shapes and for various purposes: śalākāyantrāṇi nānāprakārāṇi nānāprayojanāni, Sr.

LANCET-WINDOW: *śalākāśirāgavākṣaḥ.

LAND (subs.):
     I Opp. to water: sthalam, proceeded by l.: pratasthe sthalavartmanā, R. iv. 60.
     II Any portion of it.: bhūmiḥ or bhūḥ, grant of l.: bhūdānam, He.
     III Soil.: q. v.: bhūmiḥ or bhūḥ, shall: till low l. where water accumulates: nimnāṃ hi vāhayedbhūmiṃ yatra viśrāmyate jalam, Pa.
     IV L. ed property: bhūḥ or bhūmiḥ.
     V A country: q. v.: deśaḥ.

LAND (adj.): by comp., L.-lotus: sthalapadmam; l.-war: sthalavigrahaḥ, H. iii.; l.-gods: bhūmidevāḥ, Ma.: for dif.: v. Land (subs.).

LAND (v.):
     I Trans: avatārayati (c. of tṛ).
     II Intrans: avatarati (tṝ, c. 1.): v. To disembark.

LANDED (adj.): expr. by comp., l. proprietors: bhūsvāminaḥ.

LANDING (subs.): avataraṇam or uttaraṇam. L. place: taraḥ -sthānam.

LANDLADY:
     I Of a house: gṛhasvāminī (?).
     II Of land: bhūsvāminī (?).

LANDLORD:
     I Of a house: gṛhasvāmin (m.).
     II Of land: bhūsvāmin (m.), etc.

LANDMARK:
     1 sīmācihnam or sīmāliṅgam, shall always cause these public l.s.: prakāśacihnānyetāni sīmāyāṃ kārayet sadā, Vri.

LANDRAIL: pakṣiciśeṣaḥ.

LANDSCAPE:
     I Scene: q. v.: bhūmāgaḥ.
     II A picture: to print l. s: *manoharabhūmāgān citrayati. "L. gardening": *manoharodyānaracanā.

LANDSLIP: avasarpiṇī bhūmiḥ (?).

LAND-TAX: bhūmeḥ karaḥ; bhūkaraḥ (?).

LANDWARD: sthalābhimukham: v. Towards.

LANE:
     1 galiḥ (?);
     2 kupathaḥ.

LANGUAGE (subs.):
     I Lit.: māṣā, proficiency in the l. s of all countries: nikhiladeśīyabhāṣāpāṇḍityam, D.;
     2 vāc (f (= speech), formerly they also had l. like men: eteṣāmapi purā puruṣāṇāmiva vāgāsīt, H.; to render into the Persian l.: pārasīyavācā karoti, Raj.
     II Diction.:
     1 bhāratī sarasvatī, etc., l. perspicuous but deep: prasannagammīrapadā sarasvatī, Ki.
     2 uktiḥ vākyam, etc., picturesqueness of l.: uktivaicitryam, Kav.
     III Words, speech: q. v.: vacas, with haughty l.: vacobhiruddhataiḥ, Ki.

LANGUID:
     1 glānaḥ (nā naṃ), she looks l. from love: madanaglāneyamālakṣyate, Sa.;
     2 mlānaḥ (nā naṃ), pari-, Ki. ii. 2.;
     3 klānta (f. ntā), pari-, the waist (has become) very l.: madhyaḥ klāntataraḥ, Sa. iii. 12.

LANGUIDLY: klāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), etc.: v. Also weakly.

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LANGUIDNESS:
     1 glāniḥ;
     2 mlāniḥ;
     3 klāntiḥ pari-.

LANGUISH:
     1 sīdati ava-: v. To droop, fade;
     2 klāmyati pari-: v. Wearied;
     3 kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi): v. To waste;
     4 glāyati (glai, c. 1 (rare).

LANGUISHING (adj.): languishingly: v. Languid, languidly.

LANGUOR:
     1 glāniḥ;
     2 mlāniḥ;
     3 klāntiḥ pari-.

LANK:
     I Loose: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Lean: q. v.: kṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     III Languid: q. v.

LANKNESS:
     1 śithilatā (= looseness);
     2 kṛśatā (= leanness).

LANKY: v. Lank.

LANTERN: *laṇṭhanaḥ: v. Also lamp, light.

LANTERN-JAWED: kṣīṇavadanaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.

LAP (subs.):
     I Of a garment: añcala (mn.).
     II Of the body:
     1 kroḍam;
     2 aṅkaḥ;
     3 utsaṅgaḥ.

LAP (v.):
     I To lick: q. v.: leḍhi (lih, c. 2.).
     II To overlap: q. v.: veṣṭayati pari-, (veṣṭ, c. 10.).

LAP-DOG: *aṅkakukkuraḥ; kroḍakukkuraḥ.

LAPFUL OF (= adj.): aṅkapūrṇa (f. rṇā) and sim. comp.s.

LAPIDARY: upalaśodhakaḥ ; ratnasammārjakaḥ.

LAPIS LAZULI:
     1 nīlopalaḥ;
     2 asitāśman (n.).

LAPPET: añcala (mn (?).

LAPSE (subs.):
     I Flow, motion: q. v.: gatiḥ.
     II A failing: skhalitam.
     III Fall: q. v.: pātaḥ.

LAPSE (v.):
     I To pass: q. v.: yāti (, c. 2.).
     II To err.: skhalati (skhal, c. 1.).
     III To fall: q. v.: patati.

LAPSTONE: *aṅkopalaḥ and sim. comp.s.

LAPWING:
     1 koyaṣṭiḥ -kaḥ;
     2 paṅkakīraḥ.

LARBOARD: nāvo vāmabhāgaḥ.

LARCENY: cauryam: v. Theft.

LARCH: *nārakṣaḥ vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

LARD (subs.): śūkaramedas (n.) and sim. comp.s.

LARD (v.):
     I To grease: q. v.
     II fatten: q. v.

LARDER: khādyagṛham and sim. comp.s.

LARGE:
     I In size or extent:
     1 bṛhat (f. ), a l. wrapper: bṛhadbṛhatikā, Ki.; with l. halls of precious stones: bṛhanmaṇiśilāśālaḥ (lā laṃ), Ku.;
     2 viśālaḥ (lā laṃ), a l. silk-cotton tree: viśālaḥ śālmalītaruḥ H.; his eyes l.: viśāle tasya locane, Ri.;
     3 vipulaḥ (lā laṃ), and the world is l.: vipulā ca pṛthvī, Ma.; a l. river: vipulā nadī, Mah.;
     4 mahat (f. ), having l. arms: mahābhujaḥ (jā jaṃ), R.; a very l. fish: sumahānmatsyaḥ, Mah.;
     5 pṛthu (f. thuḥ or thvī);
     6 pṛthulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     7 vyūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ);
     8 uru (f. ruḥ or rvī).
     II Fig., noble, far-sighted: bṛhat (f. ), l. -hearted: bṛhanmanas (mfn.), Ki.
     III Numerous, populous: mahat (f. ), of the very l. army of the Śavaras: atimahataḥ śavarasainyasya, K.; although (his) seraglio was l.: avarodhe mahatyapi, R. IV. Abundant, ample: q. v.: vipulaḥ (lā laṃ).
     V Diffuse: q. v.: vipulaḥ (lā laṃ), in neither very concise nor very l.  writing: nātilaghuvipularacanābhiḥ,
     V m. Ph.: at l.: (a) without restraint: svecchādhīnaḥ (nā naṃ); (b) diffusely: vistaraśaḥ.

LARGE-HEARTED:
     1 bṛhanmanas (mfn.), Ki.
     2 vipulahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), J.

LARGELY: bahuḥ v. Copiously, diffusely.

LARGENESS:
     1 bṛhattvam, from (my) l.: bṛhattvāt, Mah.;
     2 viśālatā;
     3 vipulatā;
     4 mahatvam;
     5 pṛthutā;
     6 pṛthulatā: v. Large.

LARGESS: dānam: v. Present, gift.

LARGISH: kiñcidbṛhat (f. ): v. Large, somewhat.

LARK:
     I The bird: (bhā) maradvājaḥ.
     II Frolic: keliḥ.

LARVA: koṣaḥ (śaḥ) (??).

LARYNX:
     1 kaṇṭhanālaḥ ();
     2 kṛkaḥ (rare).

LASCIVIOUS: lampaṭaḥ (of men): v. Lustful.

LASCIVIOUSLY:
     1 kāmacetasā;
     2 kāmacakṣuṣā (in looking);
     3 by sakāmaḥ (mā maṃ), Ram.: v. Also lustfully.

LASCIVIOUSNESS: lāmpaṭyam: v. Also lust.

LASH (subs.):
     I The instrument: kaśā (ṣā).
     II Its stroke:
     1 kaṣāghātaḥ kaśātāḍanam, etc.

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LASH (v.):
     I To strike with a l.: kaśayā hanti ā- abhi- (han, c. 2.): v. To beat, lash (II)
     II Fig., to satirize: vāksāyakaiḥ tudati (tud, c. 6.) or bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.).
     III To throw up: utkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     IV To fasten: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

LASSITUDE:
     1 glāniḥ: v. Languor;
     2 tandrā: v. Sloth.

LAST (subs.): *mūlapādukā; pādukāliṅgam.

LAST (adj.):
     I Final:
     1 antya (f. ntyā) or anta- in comp., l. syllable antyākṣaram; to the l.: antaparyantam; at l.: ante [śeṣe or avaśeṣe is used in this sense in Bengali, but I do not remember any instance in Sanskrit];
     2 caramaḥ (mā maṃ), nor the l.: nāpi caramaḥ, D.s.;
     3 paścimaḥ (mā maṃ), getting up at the l. watch: yāma utthāya paścime, Mah.; l. order of (their) master: martuḥ paścimājñā, R. xvii. 8.
     II Preceding:
     1 pūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ) (= former);
     2 gataḥ (tā taṃ) (= past), l. year: gatavarṣaḥ. Ph.: l. evening: hyaḥ pradoṣe: v. Yesterday.

LAST (adv.): v. Lastly, l. -born: jaghanyajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (rare).

LAST (v.): tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), l. s one moment: tiṣṭhatyekakṣaṇam,
     V ii. 1.; l. ing but one moment: kṣaṇamātrasthāyin (f. ), M. n.: v. To remain.

LASTING (adj.):
     1 sthāyin (f. );
     2 sthāsnu (mfn.), l. fame: sthāsnu yaśaḥ, Ki. ii. 19.;
     3 cirasthāyin (f. ) (= l. long).

LASTINGLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

LASTLY:
     1 caramam or caramataḥ;
     2 paścimataḥ (rare);
     3 antataḥ (?).

LATCH: khillaḥ (?); argalaḥ (= bolt).

LATCHET: of a shoe: sūtram (??); bandhanī (??).

LATE (adj.):
     I Long delayed: expr. with vilambena or cireṇa, the summer is l. this year: *asmin varṣe cireṇāgato nidāghaḥ.
     II Far advanced: pariṇataḥ (tā taṃ), l. in the day: pariṇate divase. Ph.: at l. hours (of night): akāle or (?) riraṃsākāle, D.
     III Departed, out of office: pūrvatanaḥ (nī naṃ).
     IV Not long past: expr. with itaḥ kiñcit pūrṣam, L. p.:
     1 paraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 adhastanaḥ (nī naṃ) (of persons or things in position), l. r than the works. granthānāmadhastanaḥ, Mahesha.: v. Deceased: q. v.

LATE (adv.):
     I At an advanced time:
     1 vilambena;
     2 cireṇa. Ph.: sooner or l. r: adya śvo vā; too l.: atītakālaḥ (lā laṃ), vi-, R. v. 14.
     II Lately: q. v.
     III Far in the night: akāle or asamaye. Ph.: of l.: adhunātanakāle;
     2 idānīntanakāle;
     3 adhunā- (= now: in connection with formerly).

LATELY:
     1 idānīmeva (?);
     2 kiñcitpūrvam.

LATENESS: expr. as described under late.

LATENT: nigūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ): v. Hidden, invisible.

LATERAL:
     1 by comp.: v. Side;
     2 pārśvikaḥ (kā kaṃ).

LATERALLY: pārśvataḥ: v. Sidewise.

LATH: sūkṣmaphalakaḥ, Monier Williams.

LATHE:
     1 kundaḥ;
     2 mramiḥ (maḥ).

LATHER: (subs.) phenaḥ (the exact sense being determined by context): v. Foam.

LATHER (v.): phenāyate: v. To froth.

LATINIST: *lāṭinamāṣābhijñaḥ -viśāradaḥ, etc.

LATINITY: *viśuddhalāṭinam; lāṭinam will often do.

LATITUDE:
     I Geo.: akṣāṃśaḥ, Su. com.; akṣabhāgaḥ, Gan. Ph.: place of no. l.: nirakṣadeśaḥ; they have no l.: tāsu nākṣasyonnatiraṣyate, Su. xii. 42.; celestial l: vikṣepaḥ, Su.
     II Breadth: q. v.
     III Laxity, freedom: gurulāghavam (??).

LATITUDINAL: expr. by comp., l. difference: akṣabhedaḥ.

LATITUDINARIAN: *śithilagharmabhaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).

LATITUDINARIANISM: *śithiladharmabhaktiḥ.

LATTER (adj.): uttaraḥ (rā raṃ) (in all the senses): v. Former, subsequent.

LATTERLY: pareṇa. (= afterwards: ?): v. (Of) late.

LATTICE: Ph.: l. window: jālamārgaḥ; l. work: jālakarman (n.).

LAUD (v.): praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.): v. To praise, celebrate.

LAUDABLE: praśasya (f. syā): v. Praiseworthy, excellent.

LAUDABLENESS:
     1 praśasyatā;
     2 praśastatā;
     3 utkṛṣṭatā (= excellence).

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LAUDABLY:
     1 praśastam;
     2 by comp. or circumlo.

LAUDANUM: *ahiphenarasaḥ.

LAUDATION: praśaṃsā (praśasti vacanam, Mr.: v. Praise.

LAUDATORY:
     1 praśaṃsaka (f. sikā);
     2 stāvaka (f. vikā).

LAUGH (v.): hasati (has, c. 1.), l. ed violently: svanavajjahāsa,
     V p.; the ladies l. ed: jahasuraṅganāḥ, K.; he l. s at Daśānana and others: daśānanādīn hasatyasau, S. i. 71.; to l. at: hāsyam, Vi. iii. 28.: v. Also to smile., deride. Ph.: to l. down or out: apa (va) hasati; to l. in one's sleeve: antar hasati.

LAUGH, LAUGHING (subs.):
     1 hāsyam;
     2 hāsaḥ;
     3 hasitam (rare).

LAUGHABLE:
     1 hāsakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 hāsyajananaḥ (nī naṃ), etc.

LAUGHABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

LAUGHING-STOCK:
     1 hāsyāspadam;
     2 hāsyapātram; etc.: v. Object.

LAUGHTER: hāsaḥ: v. Laugh (subs.).

LAUNCH (v.):
     I Of vessels: vāhayati (c. of vaha).
     II To level: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     III To expatiate: prapañcayati (pañc, c. 10).

LAUNDRESS: vastradhāvikā (?): v. Washerwoman.

LAUNDRY: dhāvanaśālā (?); rajakagṛham (?).

LAUREATE:
     I Lit.: *nāralamālin (f. ).
     II Fig.: sragvin (f. ṇī) (?).

LAUREL (subs.): *nāralaḥ (use m. for tree, n. for ornament).

LAURELED, LAURELLED: *nāralabhūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

LAVA: *udgāraḥ ; āgnoyodgāraḥ.

LAVATORY:
     I A place: *prakṣālanasthānam.
     II A wash: q. v.:

LAVE: prakṣālayati (kṣāl, c. 10.): v. To wash, bathe.

LAVENDER: l. water: *lāvandarajalam.

LAVER: prakṣālanapātram (?). and sim. comp.s.

LAVISH (v.):
     1 varṣati (vṛṣ, c. 1 (= to shower), K.;
     2 avākirati (kṛ, c. 6 (= to scatter down): v. Also to spend.

LAVISH (adj.):
     I Prodigal, wasteful: q. v.: atityāgin (f. ).
     II Wild, unrestrained: q. v.
     III Immoderate: aparimitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Bestowing much: expr. by verb.

LAVISHLY: aparimitam (immoderately). To give l.: v. To lavish.

LAVISHNESS: ativyayaḥ: v. Prodigality.

LAW:
     I A command: śāsanam.
     II Natural: niyamaḥ (?).
     III Statute: vidhiḥ (?).
     IV Jurisprudence: q. v.: Ph.: l. asks you: vyavahārastvāṃ pṛcchati, Mr. ix.; who has come to l. against me: kena saha mama vyavahāraḥ Mr.: v. Action, to inform; against (the common) l.: smṛtiviruddham or smṛtyapetena mārgeṇa; l. -breaker: vidhibhedakaḥ (?) (after sthitibhettā).

LAW-BOOK: smṛtiśāstram (used of Hindu 1. s.); *vidhigranthaḥ.

LAWFUL:
     1 vaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ) (?);
     2 nyāyya (f. yyā) (= just).

LAWFULLY: vidhyanusāreṇa (?); nyāyataḥ (= justly).

LAWFULNESS:
     1 vaidhatā (?).:
     2 nyāyyatā (= justness).

LAWGIVER: vidhipravartakaḥ (?); smṛtikāraḥ (only of the Smritis).

LAWLESS:
     I Lit.: avaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ) (?).
     II Unrestrained: aniyantraṇa (f. ṇā).

LAWLESSLY: expr. by adj.

LAWLESSNESS:
     I Lit.: avaidhatā.
     II Fig.: aniyantraṇā.

LAWN:
     I Of grass: tṛṇabhūmiḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.
     II A sort of fine linen kṣaumam (?).

LAWSUIT:
     1 vyavahāraḥ v. Action;
     2 vivādaḥ: v. Dispute.

LAWYER:
     1 vidhijñaḥ (?): v. Jurist;
     2 vyavahārikaḥ (?) (= practising 1.).

LAX (adj.):
     I Loose: q. v.: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Not strict: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ) (?); mṛdu (f. dvī) (= gentle).
     III Of the bowel: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).

LAXATIVE: recakaḥ (f. cikā): v. Purgative.

LAXITY: śaithilyam: v. Looseness.

LAXLY: śithilam: v. Loosely.

LAXNESS: śithilatā: v. Looseness.

LAY (v.):
     I To place, put: q. v.: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     II To cause to lie: śāyayati (c. of śī) (rare): v. To lie.
     III To fell: q. v.: pātayati (c. of pat).
     IV Miscell.: to l. dust: rajaḥ śamayati, Ki. vi. 27.; to l. eggs: aṇḍakavimokṣaṇaṃ karoti, P. (H. has prasūte, not aṇḍāni prasūte: ḍimbān dadāti is used in the vernacular); to l. a snare: unmāthaṃ prayojayati, Mah.; to l. command: śāsanaṃ prayojayati; to l. paint, etc: raṅgaṃ, etc. dadāti; to l. siege: rodhaṃ karoti, (with gen.); "when the winds are laid": śānte vāte; l. blame upon: doṣam āropayati (c. of ruh) (with loc.); to l. waste: khilīkaroti: v. To devastate; to l. a tax, etc.: karaṃ, etc. sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

LAY ASIDE:
     I Not to retain:
     1 apa-asyati nir- (as, c. 4.), how all that was suddenly l. d a: sarvaṃ tadekapadameva kathaṃ nirastam, Vi. iii. 13.;
     2 vimuñcati (muc, c. 6.) (= to leave: q. v.), l. ing a. (her) necklace: hāraṃ vimucya, Ku. v. 8.
     II To reserve: q. v.:

LAY BEFORE: upanyasyati (as, c. 4.) (?).

LAY BY: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. To keep, reserve.

LAY DOWN:
     I To abandon: q. v.: muñcati vi-, (muc, c. 6.), l. d d. arms: śastrāṇi mumoca, Ki. ii. 9.
     II To determine, decide: q. v.: nirdhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.).

LAY HOLD OF: gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To catch, seize.

LAY IN: saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.), how much blood you have l. d in: kiyat prabhūtaṃ tvayā sañcitaṃ rudhiram, Vi.

LAY ON: of blows: dadāti (, c. 3.).

LAY OPEN: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To disclose, open.

LAY OUT:
     I Of corpses: l. d out the corpse of Bāli on the litter: āropya śivikāyāṃ tu bālinaṃ naṣṭajīvitam (vāsasācchādayāmāsa mālyenāvacakāra ca), Ram.
     II To use: q. v.: prayojayati (yuj, c. 10.).
     III To plan: parikalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     IV To exert: q. v.: v. To intend, purpose: q. v.

LAY TO:
     I To impute: q. v.
     II Of ships: gatirodhaṃ karoti.

LAY TOGETHER: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To collect. Ph.: l. heads: ekatra mantrayati, (mantr, c. 10.).

LAY UP:
     I To store, l. in: q. v.: saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.).
     II In pass., confined to bed: utthātuṃ akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Also bed.

LAY UPON: i. e. to wager: q. v.: paṇyatāṃ nayati (, c. 1.), Ki.

LAY WAIT FOR: kramaṃ kṛtvā nibhṛtaṃ tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), P.

LAY (subs.):
     I A song: q. v.: gītam.
     II A meadow: bhūmiḥ.
     III A layer: staraḥ.

LAY (adj.): v. Layman.

LAYER:
     I A stratum: staraḥ, and how many l. s.: kati starāśca, Li. 198.
     II Of a plant: perh. mūlam.

LAYING (subs.): of eggs: aṇḍamokṣaṇam prasavaḥ, (?), K.

LAYMAN: gṛhasthaḥ (= householder); prākṛtaḥ (= common man); grāmyaḥ (= villager).

LAZAR: pāparogin (f. ṇī); pāparogapīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ); etc., M. v. 164.

LAZARETTO: LAZARHOUSE: *pāparogaśālā.

LAZILY:
     1 ālasyena;
     2 tandritaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 jāḍyena.

LAZINESS:
     1 tandrā: v. Sloth;
     2 ālasyam: v. Idleness.

LAZY:
     1 alasaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 tandrāyukta (f. ktā);
     3 tandritaḥ. (tā taṃ).

LEAD (subs.):
     I The metal: sīsam -kam, Bha. Red l. powder: sindūram.
     II Precedence: expr. by adj. or verb, to take the l.: agrato yāti, H.

LEAD (v. t.):
     I To guide:
     1 nayati (, c. 1.) (= to conduct: q. v.);
     2 ādiśati (diś, c. 6 (with gen.) or ādeśayati (c. of diś) (in showing), l. me the way: ādiśatu me mārgam,
     V ii. Ph.: with the hand led the daughter of the Chief Mountain to the marriage chamber: kṣitidharapatikanyāmādadānaḥ kareṇa.....kautukāgāramāgāt, Ku. vii. 94.; led by her finger: tvadīyāmaṅgulimavalambya, R. iii. 25.; l. to success: siddhiṃ nayati, Ki.
     II To command: q. v.: adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. l.). Ph.: led by whom: yaṃ puraskṛtya, Ku. ii. 52.
     III To go before: puro gacchati (gam, c. l.), etc. (with gen.).
     IV To pass, spend: q. v.: nayati: v. To influence: harati (hṛ, c. 1.).

LEAD (v. t.):
     I To go before: puro bhavati, etc. Ku. xiii. 11.
     II To tend: the road l. ing to the Golden City: suvarṇapuragāmī panthāḥ, Ku. poverty l. s to shame: dāridryāddhiyameti, Mr. i.

LEADEN:
     I Lit.: sīsa- in comp.: v. Lead, made of.
     II Dull, heavy: q. v.

LEADER:
     I Lit.:
     1 netṛ (m.), l. of armies: netā camūnām, R.: v. Commander;
     2 nāyakaḥ, l. of sailors: nāvikanāyakaḥ, D.: v. Chief.
     II A leading article: *mukhyaprabandhaḥ.

LEADERSHIP:
     1 netṛtvam (?);
     2 nāyakatvam (?): v. Command.

LEADING (adj.): mukhya (f. khyā), l. men: mukhyāḥ: v. Chief, first.

LEADING (subs.): sīsadravyāṇi (n. pl (?).

LEADING-STRINGS: bālānāmālambanasūtram (?).

LEAF (subs.):
     I Lit.: patram, in a small basin of l. ves: patrapuṭe, R.;
     2 parṇam, knows even the l. ves of the whole of this forest: sakalasyāsya kāntārasya parṇānāmapyabhijñaḥ, C. viii.; living on tree-l. ves naturally withered: svayaṃviśīrṇardrumaparṇavṛttitā, Ku.
     II Of metal: patram, of gold, that is, of (its) l. ves made very thin: svarṇasya atitanūkṛtapatrasya, Bha.
     III Of a book: patram. Ph.: you should turn over a new l.: *tvayā minnavṛttirniṣevanīyā.
     IV Of a door: kapā () ṭa (mn.), with folded l. ves: dattakapāṭaḥ, Va.; l. -breaker (i. e. thief): kapāṭaghnaḥ.

LEAFLESS:
     1 niṣpatraḥ (trā traṃ);
     2 apatraḥ (trā traṃ);
     3 aparṇa (f. rṇā); etc.

LEAFY:
     1 patrāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comps. (= coverd with leaves);
     2 patramayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (= consisting of l.).

LEAGUE (subs.):
     I A compact: sandhiḥ or rearely sandhānam, to form l.: sandhiṃ karoti or kurute, H.; shall either quickly set to l.: kṣipraṃ vā sandhikāmaḥ syāt, Mah.
     II Two miles: gavyūtiḥ, going about three l. s.: gavyūtitritayamiva gatvā, K.: v. Mile.

LEAGUE (v.): sandadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), shall never l. with false irreligious people: satyadharmavyapetena sandadhyānna kadācana, H.

LEAGUER:
     I A camp.: niveśaḥ.
     II Siege: rodhaḥ.

LEAK (subs): chidram, Ph.: to spring a l.: expr. by chidraṃ jāyate.

LEAK (v.): the house l. s: gṛhe jalaṃ sravatiḥ v. To ooze. L. out: of secrets, etc.: sravati.

LEAKAGE: srutikṣatiḥ (?).

LEAKY: chidrapūrṇa (f. rṇā) (full of chinks).

LEAN (subs.): medohīnaṃ māṃsam (??).

LEAN (adj.):
     1 kṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ), pari-, with l. limbs: parikṛśairaṅgaiḥ, Ki.
     2 tanu (f. nvī) (= thin);
     3 kṣīṇa (f. ṇā), pari-, (that has lost flesh);
     4 kṣāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (rare) (= 3).

LEAN (v.):
     I To 1. on or upon: avalambate (lamb, c. 1 (with acc.).
     II To be disposed: pravaṇa (f. ṇā).
     III To bend, deviate: namati ava-, (nam, c. 1.).

LEANNESS:
     1 kṛśatā or kārśyam pari-;
     2 kṣīṇatā, etc.

LEAP (subs.):
     1 plutiḥ or plu tam, deer's l.: hariṇaplu tam, U.;
     2 lamphaḥ or bhampaḥ (mpā) (= jumping), and those l. s to hell pātālabhampāśca tāḥ, Vi. v. 53.;
     3 valgitam (= skipping).

LEAP (v.):
     1 plavate (plu, c. 1.): l. down: avaplavate; l. up: utplavate; l. forth: āplavate;
     2 valgate -ti (valg, c. 1.) (= to skip);
     3 lamphaṃ or bhampaṃ dadāti. L. over: (lamphena, etc.) laṅghayati (laṅgh, c. 10.).

LEAP-FROG: darduraplāvaḥ, B.p. x. 18. 15.; maṇḍūkaplu tiḥ, com.

LEAPING (subs.): plutiḥ; plavanam: v. Leap.

LEAPINGLY: i. e. by leaps: plu taiḥ, U.; etc.

LEAP-YEAR: *adhivarṣaḥ (after adhimāsaḥ): v. Bissextile.

LEARN:
     I To gain knowledge:
     1 śikṣate (śikṣ, c. 1.), shall not l. the language of barbarians: na mlecchabhāṣāṃ śikṣeta, Vas.;
     2 adhyeti (i, c. 2 (gen. = to study), he l. t the Vedas as well as their limbs in their entirety: adhyagīṣṭa sa vedāṃśca vedāṅgāni ca savarśaḥ, Mah. i. 128. 37.;
     3 śikṣāṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9 (with gen.), V. p.
     II To get information: avagacchati (gam, c. 1.): v. To know, understand.
     III To teach: q. v.

LEARNED:
     I Erudite:
     1 vidvas (f. -duṣī);
     2 paṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 vipaścit (mfn.);
     4 budhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), vi-.
     II L. in:
     1 abhijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ): v. Knowing;
     2 adhītin (f. ), l. in the four Vedas: adhītī caturṣvāmnāyeṣu, D. v.: v. Proficient.
     III Of works etc.: pāṇḍityavyañjaka (f. ñjikā) (= indicative of learing) (?).

LEARNEDLY:
     1 pāṇḍityena (?);
     2 vaiduṣyeṇa (?).

LEARNER:
     1 śikṣā- or vidyā-grāhaka (f. hikā);
     2 śiṣyaḥ (= pupil).

LEARNING (subs.):
     1 vidyā, as a rule, men of equal l. cavil at eact other's reputation: prāyaḥ samānavidyāḥ parasparayaśaḥpurobhāgāḥ, Mal i. 19.;
     2 śikṣā, (rare), they may show their l.: te darśayeyuḥ svāṃ śikṣām, Mah. i. 132. 3.;
     3 pāṇḍityam (= erudition);
     4 vaiduṣyam (= 3.: rare);
     5 abhijñatā (= knowingness): v. Proficient.

LEASE (subs.): paṭṭaḥ or paṭṭolikā (?).

LEASE (v.): paṭṭena dadāti (?) (after Bengali): v. Also to hire.

LEASEHOLD: paṭṭakṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

LEASH:
     I A thong: carmabandhaḥ.
     II Three: trayam.

LEAST (adj.): expr. by words given under little with api, (you) should not feel the l. sorrow for it: alpo'pi nātra kartavyaḥ śokaḥ, V. p.; the l. acceptance: aṇurapi parigrahaḥ, K.

LEAST (adv.):
     1 atyalpam;
     2 alpiṣṭham, etc.

LEAST, AT: antataḥ, Kav.: v. Also certainly.

LEAST, THE or IN THE (adv.):
     1 alpamapi;
     2 aṇvapi;
     3 manāgapi; etc.

LEATHER: carman (n.), l. bag: carmabhastrikā, D.

LEATHER-BOTTLE: dṛtiḥ (rare).

LEATHER-DRESSER: *carmasaṃskārakaḥ.

LEATHERN:
     1 carma- in comp.;
     2 carmamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     3 cārmikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare).

LEATHERY: carmasadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ); better with adv. carmavat.

LEAVE (subs.):
     I Permission: q. v.: anujñā. Ph.: by your l.: tavānumate, Mah.
     II Departure: vidāyaḥ, give me l. (to depart): vidāyo dīyatāmiti, Ma. n. v. 99. L. (of absence): vidāyaḥ (used in Bengali); privilege l.: *deyavidāyaḥ.

LEAVE (v.):
     I To forsake, abandon: q. v.: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.). Ph.: it is not proper to l. him alone: na yuktamenamekākinaṃ kartum, K.
     II To bequeath: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.).
     III To suffer to remain: sthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To remain.
     IV To entrust: q. v. nyasyati (as, c. 4.) or nyāsīkaroti, certainly Rākshasa will not l. his family with men who are not his equals: nūnaṃ hyanātmasadṛśeṣu rākṣasaḥ kalatraṃ nyāsīkariṣyati, Mu. i.: v. To refer: perh. nyasyati.

LEAVE BEHIND: paścāt karoti (kṛ, c. 8.), R. xvii. 18.

LEAVE FOR: pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1 (with acc.) Si. iii. 1.

LEAVE OFF:
     I To cease, desist: q. v.: l. ing off crying: vilāpādviratā, R. xiv. 71; when the rain left off: śānte pānīyavarṣe, H.
     II To leave, abandon: q. v.

LEAVE OUT:
     1 tyajati pari-;
     2 varjayati: v. To omit.

LEAVEN (subs.); kiṇvaḥ: v. Ferment.

LEAVEN (v.):
     I To ferment: q. v.
     II To taint, imbue: q. v.

LEAVING:
     I Lit.: śiṣṭam ava-.
     II Refuse: ucchiṣṭam.

LECHEROUS: kāmāsaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Lustful, lewd.

LECHEROUSNESS: kāmāsaktiḥ: v. Lust.

LECTURE (subs.):
     I Reading: *prapāṭhaḥ.
     II A reproof: śāsanam.

LECTURE (v.):
     I Of l.s: *prapaṭhati (paṭh, c. 1.).
     II To reprove: śāsti (śās, c. 2.).

LECTURE-ROOM: *prapāṭhaśālā or koṣṭhaḥ.

LECTURER: *prapāṭhakaḥ; śāsakaḥ (= instructor).

LEDGE:
     I Ridge: q. v.: kaṭakam (?).
     II A row: āliḥ.
     III A layer: staraḥ.

LEDGER: gaṇanāpatrikā (?), Raj.

LEE: haṭhabhumiḥ (?) [haḍtā used among the boatmen].

LEECH:
     I The reptlile:
     1 raktapā;
     2 jalaukāḥ;
     3 jaloragī. II. A physician: q. v.: miṣaj (m.).

LEEK: kandaviśeṣaḥ.

LEER (v.): kaṭākṣeṇa vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To glance.

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LEER (adj.): riktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Empty.

LEERINGLY: kaṭākṣapātaiḥ: v. Glance.

LEES:
     1 malam;
     2 ucchiṣṭam (= refuse).

LEFT (adj.):
     1 vāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (= best equiv.), on the l.: vāmataḥ; l. hand: vāmahastaḥ;
     2 savya (f. vyā);
     3 dakṣiṇetaraḥ (rā raṃ) (poet).

LEFT-HANDED: vāmahastaḥ (stā staṃ) (?). [savyasācin is not = 1. and used mostly of Arjuna].

LEG:
     I Of animals: jaṅghā.
     II Of a table, etc.: pādaḥ.

LEGACY: (*icchāpatreṇa) dānam.

LEGAL:
     1 vaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ) (?);
     2 vidhisaṃgataḥ (tā taṃ) (?). L. proceeding: vyavahāraḥ: v. Action.

LEAGALIZE: *vaidhīkaroti.

LEGALLY:
     1 vidhikrameṇa (?);
     2 vidhyanusāreṇaḥ v. Also justly.

LEGATE: dūtaḥ: v. Ambassador, deputy.

LEGATEE: *icchāpatradhanādhikārin (f. ṇī).

LEGATION:
     I Lit.: dautyam.
     II The residence: dūtāvāsaḥ (?).

LEGEND:
     I In gen.:
     1 kathā (= story);
     2 itihāsaḥ purātanaḥ, Mah.
     II An inscription: śāsanam (?).

LEGENDARY:
     1 paurāṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?);
     2 mithyā (= false).

LEGERDEMAIN: māyā (?): v. Jugglery.

LEGGING: jaṅghātrāṇam, and sim. comp.s.

LEGIBILITY:
     1 supaṭhatā;
     2 supāṭhyatā; etc.

LEGIBLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 supaṭha. (ṭhā ṭhaṃ);
     2 supāṭhya (f. ṭhyā); etc.
     II Fig.: expr. with vācayati nir- (c. of vac): v. To read.

LEGIBLY: supaṭham (?); better by adj.

LEGION: camūḥ (?): v. Army, host.

LEGIONARY:
     I Lit.: by comp.
     II Fig: prabhūtaḥ (tā taṃ).

LEGISLATE: vidhiṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3 (??).

LEGISLATION: vidhividhānam (??).

LEGISLATIVE: vidhividhātṛ (f. trī) (??); vyavasthāpaka (f. pikā) (in Bengali) (?).

LEGISLATOR: vidhividhātṛ (m (??); vyavasthākārakaḥ (??).

LEGISLATURE: vidhividhātāraḥ (m. pl.); vyavasthāpakāḥ (m. pl (??).

LEGITIMACY:
     I Legality: vaidhatā (??).
     II Of birth: sujanmatā (??).
     III Genuineness: yathārthatā.

LEGITIMATE:
     I Legal: vaidhaḥ (dhī dhaṃ) (?).
     II Of birth: sujanman (mfn (?).
     III Genuine: yathārtha (f. rthā).

LAGITIMATELY: yathānyāyam (= justly); yathārthataḥ (= truly).

LEGUMINOUS: śimbijaḥ (jā jaṃ), Bha. Ph.: l. plants: śimbidhānyam, Bha.

LEISURE:
     1 avakāśaḥ;
     2 avasaraḥ, Sa. Ph.: at l.: prāptāvasaraḥ (rā raṃ), labdhāvasaraḥ (rā raṃ), etc.; want of l.: anavakāśaḥ, etc.

LEISURELY (adj.):
     1 mantharaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Slow.

LEISURELY (adv.):
     1 mandaṃ mandam;
     2 śanaiḥ śanaiḥ: v. Slowly.

LEMON:
     I The tree:
     1 jambīraḥ;
     2 nimbūḥ
     II The fruit:
     1 jambīram or jambīraphalam;
     2 nimbūphalam.

LEMONADE: pānīyaviśeṣaḥ; jambīrajalam.

LEND (v.): dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To give, borrow.

LENDER: uttamarṇaḥ: v. Also usurer.

LENGTH:
     1 dairghyam:, another cloth 3(1/2) cubits in l. dairdhye sārdhakaratrayāparapaṭī, Li.; whose breadth is five cubits, l. eight cubits: yadvistṛtiḥ pañcakarāṣṭahastaṃ dairghyaṃ ca, Li.;
     2 āyatiḥ or āyāmaḥ (rare);
     3 parimāṇam (= measure: as of time).

LENGTH, AT:
     I Copiously, fully: savistaram, K. II. At last: śeṣe ava- (?).
     III After a long time: dīrghakālānantaram.

LENGTHEN:
     I Trans: dīrghīkaroti, l. ing the body with speed: vegadīrghīkṛtāṅgaḥ, Ku. iii. 76.; l. ing the cry of geese: dīrghīkurvan kūjitaṃ sārasānām, Me. i. 32.: v. Also tend, prolong.
     II Intrans: dīrghīmavati.

LENGTH-WISE:
     1 dairghye;
     2 anvāyāmam.

LENGTHY
     1 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 vistṛtaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also long.

LENIENCY:
     1 dayā: v. Kindness:
     2 mārdavam: v. Mildness.

LENIENT:
     1 sadayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Kind, merciful;
     2 mṛdu (f. dvī): v. Mild.

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LENIENTLY:
     1 sadayam (= kindly);
     2 mṛdu (= mildly).

LENITY: v. Leniency.

LENS: *dṛṣṭikācaḥ; vīkṣaṇakācaḥ.

LENT: kuṣṭīyaparvabhedaḥ.

LENTEN:
     I Lit.: *leṇṭīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Fig.: v. Spare, plain.

LENTIL: masūraḥ or masuraḥ.

LEONINE: saihaḥ (hī haṃ). Ph.: l. verse: *laiyanacchandaḥ.

LEOPARD:
     1 citrakaḥ;
     2 upavyāghraḥ.

LEPER:
     1 kuṣṭhin (f. ), M.;
     2 kuṣṭharogin (f. ṇī);
     3 kuṣṭhapīḍitaḥ (tā taṃ), Sr.

LEPROSY:
     1 kuṣṭham;
     2 mahāvyādhiḥ (a gen. term). Spotted l.: citram.

LEPROUS:
     1 kuṣṭhin (f. );
     2 kuṣṭharogākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ).

LESS (adj.):
     1 nyūnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 ūnaḥ (nā naṃ), if it is l.: ūnāñcet, V. s.: v. Little.

LESS (adv.):
     1 nyūnam;
     2 alpataram (?). Much l.: q. v.: kimuta.

LESS (suff.):
     1 a- (or an- before vowels), childless: aputraḥ (trā traṃ) or anapatyaḥ (tyā tyaṃ);
     2 nir-, fearless: nirbhayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Devoid of.

LESSEE: bhāṭakena kṣetrādigrahītṛ (m.).

LESSEN: nyūnīkaroti (trans) or nyūnībhavati (intrans): v. To diminish.

LESSON:
     I That which is taught:
     1 pāṭhyam, read boy's l. s: papāṭha bālapāṭhyāni, V. p.;
     2 śikṣā (= instruction), to take l.: śikṣāṃ gṛhvāti, Mah.
     II A portion to learn at one time: pāṭhaḥ.
     III Reproof: śāsanam, to give l.: śāsanaṃ karoti.

LESSOR (v.): paṭṭadātṛ (f. trī) (??).

LEST: expr. by kadācit with vidhiliṅ, l. he see you: kadācit tvāṃ sa paśyet; nocet with laṭ: v. Otherwise.

LET:
     I To allow, permit: q. v.
     II As sign of imper. mood:
     1 by loṭ, let him be entirely so: tathāvidhastāvadaśeṣamastu saḥ, Ku.; l. him say all he thinks proper to say: ucyatāṃ sa vacanīyamaśeṣam, Ki.; l. it be what may be: yadastu tadastu, Ma.;
     2 by luṅ after , l. it never come to pass: mā sma bhūt, Ki.; l. not cupid enchant you: mā mūmuhadbhavantamananyajanmā, Ma.
     III To lease: bhāṭakena dadāti, (, c. 3.).
     IV Of blood: srāvayati (c. of sru): v. Bleed.

LET ALONE: na bādhate (bādh, c. 1.). L. a. its seeing, I have never heard i of it: na ca tāṃ śrutavānasmi dūre tadṛrśanaṃ punaḥ, K. s. xxv. 31. L. a. principle: *nirbādhaṃ tattvam.

LET DOWN:
     1 avatārayati (c. of tṝ);
     2 avarohayati (c. of ruh).

LET FLY, LET OFF: muñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. To discharge.

LET Go, LET LOOSE: muñcati or mocayati: v. To release, set free.

LET IN: praveśayati (c. of viś): v. To admit.

LET OUT:
     I To let go: q. v.
     II To lease: bhāṭakena dadāti.

LETHAL: prāṇaharaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Fatal, deadly.

LETHARGIC, -AL:
     1 jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ) (= dull);
     2 nidrālasaḥ (sā saṃ) (= sleepy).

LETHARGY:
     1 jāḍyam (= dullness);
     2 nidrālasatā (= sleepiness);
     3 tandrā (= lassitude).

LETHE: vismṛtiḥ: v. Forgetfulness.

LETTER:
     I Of the alphabet:
     1 akṣaram;
     2 varṇaḥ. The l. a (a), ka (k), etc.: akāraḥ kakāraḥ, etc.; the l. ra (r): rephaḥ.
     II Literal statement: śabdārthaḥ. Ph.: to the l.: yathāvacanam: v. Also literally.
     III An epistle:
     1 patram, send a l.: patraṃ preṣaya, A r.;
     2 lekhaḥ, to open a l.: lekham unmuñcati, K; to seal a l.: lekhaṃ mudrayati, Mu.; a l. carrier: lekhahārakaḥ, K. Ph.: a man of l.s kṛtavidya (f. dyā): v. Learned.

LETTERED (adj.): i. e. educated, learned: q. v.: kṛtavidya (f. dyā).

LETTER-WRITER: patralekhakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

LETTUCE: śākabhedaḥ; *laktakam.

LEVANT: bhūmadhyasāgarasya pūrvaprāntaḥ.

LEVEE: darśakamelā.

LEVEL (adj.): samaḥ (mā maṃ), on a l. ground: samabhūmau; l. with the ground: bhūmisamaḥ (mā maṃ).

LEVEL (subs.):
     I Even surface: samabhūmiḥ. Ph.: water always finds its own l.: *jalaṃ sarvatra samaṃ tiṣṭhati.
     II Equality: q. v.: samatā. Ph.: on a l. with: samaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Equal; to rise above the l. of: ativartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     III Instrument for taking l.: sūtram (?), Williams.
     IV Plan. scheme: q. v.

LEVEL (v.):
     I To make 1.: samīkaroti, the earth all around was l. ed: kṣitiḥ paritaḥ samīkṛtā, Ku. xiv. 44.
     II To direct: expr. with lakṣīkaroti (with acc.).

LEVELLER: i. e. one who l. s.: expr. by verb.

LEVELLING:
     I Subs.: samīkaraṇam.
     II Adj.: expr. by part.

LEVELNESS: samatā: v. Equality.

LEVER: *tulāyantram.

LEVERAGE: *tulāyantrayogaḥ.

LEVERET: śaśaśāvakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

LEVIABLE: ādāpanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?): v. To levy.

LEVIATHAN: timiṅgilaḥ (?); mātaṅganakraḥ (?).

LEVITE:
     I Lit.: *laiviḥ.
     II A priest: purohitaḥ (?).

LEVITICAL, -LY: Priestly.

LEVITY: lavutā or lāghavam or laghiman (m.), so that (he) does not understand my l.: na ca me'ghigacchati yathā laghutām, Si. ix. 56.

LEVY (subs.):
     I Of troops, etc.: utthānam sam-.
     II Of taxes, etc.: samāhāraḥ.
     II An army: āsāraḥ, M. n.

LEVY (v.):
     I Of troops: utthāpayati sam-, (c. of sthā): v. To raise.
     II To collect: q. v.: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. Also to impose.

LEWD:
     1 kāmukaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 kāmin (f. );
     3 kāmavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     4 kāmarataḥ (tā taṃ).

LEWDLY: sakāmaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Lasciviously, lustfully.

LEWDNESS: kāmukatā: v. Lust.

LEXICOGRAPHER: koṣakāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

LEXICOGRAPHY: koṣaracanā (?) and sim. comp.s.

LEXICON: koṣaḥ (śaḥ): v. Dictionary.

LIABILITY: expr. by circumlo.

LIABLE: expr. by circumlo, in default of the principal, a surety who stands to produce him is l. to pay his debt: yo yasya pratibhūstiṣṭheddarśanāyeha mānavaḥ. adarśayan sa taṃ tasmai prayacchet svadhanādṛṇam, Kat.: v. Also subject.

LIAISON: guptapraṇayaḥ: v. Also intercourse.

LIAR:
     1 mithyāvādin (f. );
     2 anṛtabhāṣin (f. ṇī); etc.: v. False.

LIBATION: abhighāraḥ (both of the act and of the liquor), Vi.

LIBEL (subs.): pari (rī) vādalekhaḥ: v. Calumny.

LIBEL (v.): parivādaṃ likhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To defame.

LIBELLOUS: parivādagarbha (f. rbhā): v. Calumnious.

LIBERAL (adj.):
     I Catholic: udāraḥ (rā raṃ), for to the l. minded, the (whole) earth is kindred: udāracaritānāṃ hi vasudhaiva kuṭumbakam, H. II. Bountiful:
     1 vadānya (f. nyā), gone to another l. (person): gato vadānyāntaram, R.;
     2 tyāgaśālin (f. ), Si.;
     3 dānaśauṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), A.;
     4 muktahasta (f. stā) (= open-handed).
     III Profuse: q. v.: pracuraḥ (rā raṃ). Ph.: l. arts: uccavidyāḥ (f. pl.) (?).

LIBERAL (subs.): *udāraḥ, l. government: *udārāṇāṃ śāsanam.

LIBERALITY:
     I of mind: audāryam or udāratā.
     II Munificence:
     1 vadānyatā;
     2 tyāgaśālitā; etc. III. A gift.: dānam.

LIBERALLY:
     I Unselfishly: udāram.
     II Bountifully: muktahastam.
     III Not strictly: asaṃyataḥ (??); māvataḥ (= by purport).

LIBERATE: mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.): v. Manumit.

LIBERATION: mokṣaḥ, l. of slaves: dāsasya mokṣaḥ, Va.: v. Release.

LIBERATOR:
     1 mokṣakaḥ pari-;
     2 mocakaḥ vi- saṃ-.

LIBERTINE:
     1 khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā) (?);
     2 magnacāritrayantraṇa (f. ṇā), D. xiii.

LIBERTINISM: vyabhicāraḥ: v. Profligacy.

LIBERTY:
     I Freedom: q. v.: svādhīnatā.
     II Permission: q. v.: anujñā.
     III Privilege: adhikāraḥ.
     IV Breach of decorum: avinayaḥ, etc., the l. I have taken: mama vinayāparādhaḥ, Vi. Ph.: you are at l. to go: gaccha yatheccham, N.

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LIBIDINOUS: kāmukaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Lewd, lustful.

LIBRA: tulā -rāśiḥ.

LIBRARIAN: *pustakaśālādhyakṣaḥ -nāyakaḥ, etc.

LIBRARY:
     I Gollection of books: pustakāni (n. pl (?); pustakasaṃgrahaḥ (??); etc.
     II The place: *pustakaśālā; pustakāgāram; etc.

LIBRATION: tulākaraṇam (?).

LICENSE (subs.):
     I Permission: anujñā.
     II Its document: anujñāpatram (?).
     III Excess of liberty: aniyantraṇā (?). Ph.: poets have free l.: niraṅkuśāḥ kavayaḥ, S.k.

LICENSE (v.): anujānāti (jñā, c. 9.): v. To permit.

LICENTIATE: *labdhādhikāraḥ (rā raṃ).

LICENTIOUS:
     I Using licence: aniyantraṇa (f. ṇā) (?).
     II Lewd, dissolute: q. v.: uddāmaḥ (mā maṃ).

LICENTIOUSNESS:
     1 aniyantraṇā (?);
     2 uddāmatā;
     3 kāmukatā (= lewdness).

LICHEN: *laikṣaṇaḥ; śūkarī (a kind of moss).

LICK: leḍhi or līḍhe ā- ava- pari- saṃ-, (lih, c. 2.), fire l.s up Lankā: laṅkāṃ hutāśo līḍhe, Vi. vi. 4. L. up: grasate: v. To devour. L. the dust: bhūmau śete (śī, c. 2.): v. To perish.

LICKERISH: v. Nice, dainty.

LICKING (subs.):
     I lehaḥ -nam, etc.
     II Beating: tāḍanam.

LICORICE:
     1 yaṣṭimadhu;
     2 madhuyaṣṭiḥ -kā;
     3 klītakam (rare).

LICTOR:
     1 daṇḍadharaḥ (?);
     2 yaṣṭidharaḥ (?)

LID:
     I Lit.: pidhānam,
     II Eye-l.: q. v.: netracchadaḥ.

LIE (subs.):
     1 anṛtam;
     2 asatyam;
     3 alīkam;
     4 vitatham;
     5 mithyoktiḥ;
     6 mṛṣāvādaḥ; etc.: v. False.

LIE (v.):
     I To speak falsely: anṛtaṃ vadati (vad, c. 1.), etc.
     II To be prostrate, stretched out: śete (śī, c. 2 (with loc.), adhi- (with acc.), he must be lying in this tank: nūnaṃ tena sarasīmenāmadhiśayitena mavitavyam, Ve. vi.
     III To remain, rest: q. v.: āste (ās, c. 2.).
     IV To lodge: vasati (vas, c. 1.).
     V To consist, be included: q. v.: antarbhavati.
     VI To be situated: expr. with avasthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Situated.
     VII To be sustainable: perh. vartate (vṛt, c. 1.); gen. expr. with paśyati (= to see). Ph.: "for that has ever lain at their hearts": *teṣāmetaddhi santataṃ manasi sthitam; l. in the way: antarāyo mavati; l. hard upon: pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10).

LIE BY:
     I To remain: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     II To rest: śete.

LIE DOWN:
     1 śete (śī, c. 2 (often = sleep), leaving off desire for food, I lay d. on a lonely bed: dūrīkṛtāhāraspṛho vivikte talpe'śayiṣi, D.;
     2 saṃviśati (viś, c. 2.), passed the night lying d. on a Kusha bed: saṃviṣṭaḥ kuśaśayane niśāṃ nināya, R.;
     3 niṣīdati (sad, c. 2.), lying d. on the bare ground: niṣīdatī sthaṇḍila eva kevale, Ku.

LIE IN: i. e. in child-bed: expr. with prasavāvasthā. L. in wait: nibhṛtaṃ tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).

LIE ON or UPON: expr. with adhīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. To depend.

LIE OVER: tiṣṭhati (?) (used in Bengali).

LIE TO: perh. ruddhagati (mfn.): v. To check.

LIE WITH:
     I Lit. or sexually: śete.
     II To belong to: expr. with adhīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

LIEF: kāmam pra-: v. Also willingly.

LIEGE: adhīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Dependant.

LIEN: *dāviḥ (after Bengali).

LIER: expr. by verb.: v. To lie down, lie in wait.

LIEU: Ph.: in l. of: sthāne or sthale (with gen.). Ph.: read yāvat in l. of tāvat
: yāvadityatra tāvaditi paṭha.

LIEUTENANT:
     I In the army: no equiv.: v. Captain.
     II In gen.: anu- in comp. l.governor: anuśāsakaḥ (??).

LIFE:
     I Of men or animals:
     1 jīvanam or jīvitam, I did not quit l.: jīvitaṃ notsṛṣṭavatī, K.; longing for my own death simply that he may be (recovered) to l.: tajjīvitāyai vātmamaraṇāya spṛhayantī, K.;
     2 prāṇāḥ (m. pl.), takes one's l.: prāṇān harati, A r.; my l. is moving (i. e. I am dying): pracalanti hi me prāṇāḥ, Vi.; I will give you my l.: prāṇān te dāsyāmi, A. r.;
     3 asavaḥ, (m. pl.), why my l. did not go out at the time: asavo me tatkṣaṇe kena hetunā nodgacchanti sma, K. II. Lifetime:
     1 jīvanam or jīvitam, the l. of animals consists of four or five days: jīvitaṃ janmavatāṃ catuḥpañcānyahāni, D.; throughout one's l.: yāvajjīvam. H. s.;
     2 āyus (n.), having long l.: dīrghāyus (mfn.), Sr.
     III Fig.:
     1 jīvanam or jīvitam, you are (my) l.: tvaṃ jīvitam, U. iii. 26.;
     2 prāṇāḥ, D. IV. Conduct: q. v.: vṛttam or vṛttiḥ. V. Vivacity, energy: q. v.: perh. prāṇāḥ.

LIFE, BRING TO: jīvayati ut- saṃ-, (c. of jīv).

LIFE, COME TO: ujjīvati (jīv, c. 1.), the living beings suddenly came to l.: udajīvat sahasaiva jīvalokaḥ, Si.

LIFE-BLOOD: fig.: perh prāṇaḥ.

LIFE-BOAT: *jīvanatrāṇam jīvanarakṣā-nauḥ.

LIFE-GUARD: perh. jīvitarakṣādhikṛtaḥ: v. Bodyguard.

LIFE-INSURANCE: v. Insurance.

LIFELESS:
     I Dead: q. v.: gatāsu (mfn.); vigatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Inanimate: q. v.: nirjīvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     III Flat, dull: q. v.: nistejas (mfn.).

LIFE-TIME: jīvitakālaḥ: v. Life (II).

LIFT (subs.):
     1 uttolanam;
     2 unnamanam;
     3 utthāpanam.

LIFT (v. t.): uttolayati (tul, c. 10.): v. To raise.

LIGAMENT: bandhaḥ: v. Bandage, joint.

LIGATURE: bandhaḥ: v. Bandage, band.

LIGHT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ālokaḥ, to give l.: ālokaṃ dadāti, Si. xx. 38.;
     2 prakāśaḥ, like l. and darkness: tamaḥprakāśavat, S.; by the l. of plants: oṣadhiprakāśena, Ku. vi. 43.;
     3 prabhā (= shining l.), l. of the moon: induprabhā Su.;
     4 jyotis (n (= 3);
     5 tejas (rare), Par.
     II That which gives 1.:
     1 ālokaḥ, I noticed a l. in the street: rājavīthyāmālokamalakṣayam, D. ii.;
     2 pradīpaḥ (gen. =lamp), l. of knowledge: jñānapradīpaḥ, D. III. A window: q. v.: ālokamārgaḥ, R. vii. 6.
     VI Fig., publicity: q. v.: prakāśatā, to get to l.: prakāśatāṃ gacchati, Mu. To see l. or come to l.: prakāśībhavati, Mu. To bring to l.: prakāśayati, (nomi.). V. In painting: prakāśabhāgaḥ (?).
     VI Illustration: to throw l.: viśadīkarotiḥ v. To explain.
     VII Construction: according to one's l.: svavyākhyānusāreṇa. VIII. A noteworthy: tejas (n.) (?). Ph.: l. of countenance i. e. favour: prasādaḥ.

LIGHT (adj.):
     I Not heavy: laghu (f. dhvī).
     II Of food: laghu (f. dhvī), goat-flesh is l.: chāgamāṃsaṃ laghu, Bha.
     III Active, nimble: laghu (f. dhvī), l.-handed: laghuhasta (f. stā).
     IV Lightly armed: perh. laghu (f. dhvī). V. Unsettled, volatile: laghu (f. dhvī), by l. conduct: laghuvṛttitayā, Ki. ii. 53.
     VI Gay: laghu (f. dhvī), as with their l. appearance: darśanena laghunā yathā tayoḥ, R. xi. 12.
     VII Of colours: laghu (f. dhvī) (??). [pātalā is used in vernacular].
     VIII Not dark: sālokaḥ (kā kaṃ), etc.: v. Also moon -l. Ph.: make l. of: laghūkaroti, etc.

LIGHT (v. t.):
     I To kindle:
     1 dīpayati saṃ- pra- ā- ut-, (c. of dīp), l. ed the fire: pāvakaṃ samadīpayat. R.; I will l. the funeral pile: citāmādīpayāmi, Ve. vi.;
     2 jvalayati pra-, (c. of jval), l. the fire quick: agniṃ tvaritaṃ jvalaya, M. n.
     II To furnish with l. s: sālokaṃ (kāṃ) karoti.
     III To make l.:
     1 dīpayati, etc., l. ing the sky with its rays: dīpayannatha namaḥ kiraṇaighaiḥ, Ki. ix. 23.:
     2 dyotayati pra- ut- vi-, (c. of dyut), Si. ii. 7.;
     3 bhāsayati ut- vi- ava-, (c. of bhās).

LIGHT UPON: patati ni-, (pat, c. 1.): v. To alight.

LIGHTED, BE:
     1 dīpyate pra- saṃ- (dīp, c. 4.), when the lights were being l.: pradīpyamāneṣu pradīpeṣu, K.;
     2 jvalati pra- (jval, c. 1 (= to burn), l. lamp: prajvalitadīpikā, K.

LIGHTEN (v. t.):
     I To illumine: v. To light (III). II. To make less heavy: laghayati (nomi.) or laghūkaroti, to l. a burden: dhuraṃ laghayati, R. III. To alleviate, mitigate: laghayati, V.; laghūkaroti, Ve.

LIGHTEN (v. i.):
     I To flash: dyotate vi- (dyut, c. 1.).
     II To clear: prasādaṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.), etc.

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LIGHTER: a boat: tarāluḥ (ndhuḥ) (?).

LIGHTERMAN: nāvikaḥ: v. Boatman.

LIGHT-FINGERED: laghuhasta (f. stā) (?): v. Thievish.

LIGHTHEARTED: praphullacetas (mfn.) and sim. comp.s. N. B. laghucitta (f. ttā), gen. means fickleminded.

LIGHTHOUSE: *ālokaśaraṇam, etc.

LIGHTLY:
     I In gen.:
     1 laghu, even rising l.: laghu laghūtthitāpi, Sa. iv.;
     2 lāghavena.
     II Cheerfully:
     1 sollāsam;
     2 praphullam.

LIGHTNESS:
     1 ladhutā;
     2 laghiman (m.), cause of the l. of women: yoṣitāṃ laghimnaḥ kāraṇam:, K.: v. Levity.

LIGHTNING (subs.):
     1 vidyut (f.);
     2 taḍit (f.);
     3 saudāminī. Ph.: struck with l.: vajrāhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Thunder.

LIGHTNING-CONDUCTOR: *taḍitpravāhakaḥ.

LIGHTSOME: praphullaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Cheerful, gay.

LIKE (adj. or adv.):
     I In gen.:
     1 sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), it is l. (it) but not the same: sadṛśa eṣa na punaḥ saḥ, Mr. ix.;
     2 tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ) (= matching), you choose him l. you by birth, in beauty, in fresh age: kulena kāntyā vayasā navena tvamātmanastulyamamuṃ vṛṇīṣva, R. vi. 79.;
     3 with iva in comparing, l. fortune: śrīriva, U.;
     4 -vat in comp. (adv.), l. water: jalavat, J.;
     5 occasionally by comp., beautiful l. the moon: indusundara (f. ), Mal. [In such cases, -upamaḥ (mā maṃ), -nibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ), (rarely) -pratimaḥ (mā maṃ), -prakhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ) -pratīkāśaḥ (śā śaṃ), etc. may be used in comp.]: v. Also equal, same.
     II Likely: q. v.

LIKE, JUST: in adv. ial phrase: nirviśeṣeṇa in comp., just l. a son: sutanirviśeṣeṇa; just l. day: divasanirviśeṣeṇa, K.

LIKE (v.):
     1 expr. with: rocate (ruc, c. 1.) (with dative of the person l.ing), I l. that: tanmahyaṃ rocate;
     2 with prītiḥ (= pleasure), she did not l. him: na sa tasyāḥ prītaye babhūva: v. (Be) pleased, love.

LIKE, LIKING (subs.):
     1 prītiḥ, love or l.: praṇayaḥ prītirvā, Mr.;
     2 ruciḥ abhi-: v. Taste.

LIKELIHOOD: v. Probability.

LIKELY: expr. with prāyeṇa: v. Probable, probably.

LIKE-MINDED: ekamanas (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

LIKEN: upamimīte (, c. 3.): v. To compare.

LIKENESS:
     I Resemblance: q. v.: sādṛśyam, so close l.: īdṛśaṃ sausādṛśyam, Na.
     II Image, portrait: q. v.: sādṛśyam, sketching my l.: matsādṛśyaṃ likhantī, Me. ii. 24.

LIKEWISE:
     1 tathā: v. So;
     2 api: v. Also.

LILAC: surabhikusumam; pārasikagulmabhedaḥ; *lilākaḥ.

LILIPUTIAN: vāmanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Also petty.

LILY: nalinī (the plant), nalinam (the flower): v. Lotus. L. of the valley: *kandarālaḥ; surabhikusumamañjarīkaḥ kāṇḍahīno gulmabhedaḥ.

LIMB:
     I Of the body:
     1 aṅgam, over every l.: sarvāṅgīṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), V.;
     2 avayavaḥ, description of every l.: pratyavayavavarṇanā, V. ii. II. Fig.:
     1 aṅgam, l. s of the Vedas: vedāṅgāni, Mah.;
     2 avayavaḥ, while any l. of the Nanda family is alive: kasmiṃścidapi jīvati nandānvayāvayave, Mu.
     III Edge, border: q. v.: koṭiḥ.

LIMBED
     1 aṅgin (f. );
     2 sāvayavaḥ (vā vaṃ), etc. Slender-l.: kṛśāṅga (f. ṅgī); well-l.: śobhanāṅga (f. ṅgī); etc.

LIMBER (adj.): komalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Soft, pliant.

LIMBO: nirayaḥ: v. Hell, prison.

LIME (subs.):
     I A tree: jambīraḥ.
     II Its. fruit: jambīram.
     III Bird l.: q. v.: kṣārakaḥ (?), Mah. IV. Quick-l.: cūrṇam, l. stone: cūrṇopalaḥ (?). cūrṇakhaṇḍaḥ (?): Ph.: l. -water: sudhā, l. -water-maker: sudhākāraḥ, Ram.

LIME (v.): L. Lit.: kṣārakaṃ sajjayati (c. of sajj) (?).
     II To ensnare: q. v.:

LIME-BURNER: cūrṇakāraḥ.

LIME-KILN: cūrṇāpākaḥ (?).

LIMIT (subs.):
     1 avadhiḥ;
     2 sīmā (boundary);
     3 antaḥ (= end). To set l. s to: v. Limit.

LIMIT (v.):
     I To set l. to.: sīmāṃ nirghārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.).
     II To confine, restrain: q. v.: niyacchati saṃ-, (yam, c. 1.).
     III To define, determine: nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).

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LIMITATION: v. To limit. L. Act: *kālasthāpakavidhiḥ.

LIMITED (adj.): perh. nibaddha (f. ddhā): v. Narrow, small. Ph.: l. monarchy: *saṃyatarājyam.

LIMITEDLY: nibaddham (??); parimitam (= moderately).

LIMITLESS: niravadhi (mfn.): v. Boundless, infinite.

LIMN (v.): ā-likhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To paint, represent.

LIMNER: citrakaraḥ: v. Painter.

LIMP (v.):
     1 khañjati (khañj, c. 1.):
     2 khoḍati or khuṇḍate (khoḍ or khuṇḍ, c. 1.);
     3 (va)laṅgati (vaṅg or laṅg, c. 1.).

LIMP, LIMPING (subs.): expr. by verb.

LIMP, LIMPING (adj.):
     1 khoḍa (f. ḍā);
     2 khañja (f. ñjā).

LIMPID: svaccha (f. cchā): v. Clear, transparent.

LIMPIDNESS, LIMPIDITY: svacchatā: v. Clearness.

LIMY:
     I Covered with bird-lime: kṣārākta (f. ktā) (?): v. Viscous.
     II Containing lime: cūrṇagarbha (f. rbhā) (?).

LINCH-PIN:
     1 akṣāgrakīlaḥ;
     2 (ā) aṇiḥ;
     3 udrathaḥ.

LINCTURE, LINCTUS:
     1 avalehaḥ;
     2 lehyam.

LINDEN: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; *tiliḥ.

LINE (subs.):
     I As of the body: rekhā, straight l.: saralā rekhā; curve l.: kuṭilā rekhā, K. d.; of the l. s drawn on a l. from a point without it: ekacihnādanyarekhopari kṛtāsu rekhāsu, K. d. II. A cord: sūtram, fishing l.: vaḍiśasūtram; measuring l.: mānasūtram; hauling l. (for boats): guṇaḥ.
     III Lint or flax: q. v.
     IV A row as in a book: paṃktiḥ. v. =words, to drap a l. or few l. s: pañcaṣāṇyakṣarāṇi or katipayavarṇān likhati.
     VI Military: drawing up in l. s: daṇḍavyūhaḥ; he is not in the l. s: nāsau senāniveśe.
     VII Course of conduct, etc.: mārgaḥ: v. Way.
     VIII As of steamers: expr. with paramparā.
     IX Genealogical: q. v.: kramaḥ (= order), gen. expr. by pl. X. Direction: q. v.: diś (f.)

LINE (v.):
     I To cover the inside of: antara chādayati (chad, c. 10.) (?).
     II To place along the side of: the streets were l. d with troops: balairadhiṣṭhitā rathyā daṇḍābhyām.

LINEAGE:
     1 anvayaḥ;
     2 kulam: v. Family, noble.

LINEAL: expr. with putrapautrādikrameṇa (?).

LINEAMENT: ākāraḥ: v. Feature, form.

LINEAR:
     1 by comp.;
     2 rekhāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (= consisting of lines).

LINEN: kṣaumaḥ (mā maṃ), l. cloth: kṣaumaṃ vastram.

LINENDRAPER:
     1 kṣaumavikretṛ (f. trī) (?);
     2 kṣaumapaṭavikrayin (f. ) (?).

LINENDRAPERY: kṣaumāṇi (n. pl (?); kṣaumavastrāṇi (?); etc.

LINGER: cirāyate. (nomi.): v. To delay, slow.

LINGERER: cirakriyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Also to delay.

LINGERING (adj.): As of diseases: dīrgha (f. rghā) (= long); cira- in comp.

LINGERING (subs.):
     1 vilambaḥ (= delay);
     2 kālakṣepaḥ (= throwing away time)
     3 vicikitsā (= hesitation).

LINGERINGLY:
     1 vilambena (= with delay);
     2 mandaṃ mandam (= slowly).

LINGUIST:
     1 bhāṣāvid (mfn.);
     2 bhāṣāpravīṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 bhāṣāpaṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ); etc.: v. Proficient.

LINGUISTIC: Ph.: l. science, l. s: *bhāṣātattvam.

LINIMENT: ālepaḥ or pralepaḥ: v. Ointment.

LINING (subs.): *antaśchadaḥ: v. To line.

LINK (subs.):
     I As of a chain: sandhiḥ (??).
     II A chain: q. v.: śṛṅkhalam. III. A torch: q. v.: ulkā.

LINK (v.): saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To connect.

LINNET: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; *atasībhuj (m.); līnātaḥ.

LINSEED: atasī -bījam, l. oil: atasītailam, Bha.

LINT: kṣaumabandhaḥ (?: comp. paṭabandhaḥ, Sr.).

LINTEL: dvārorddhakāṣṭham or dāru (?).

LION:
     1 siṃhaḥ;
     2 keśa (sa) rin (m.);
     3 mṛgarājaḥ (poet). Ph.: l's share: pradhānabhāgaḥ; l. of the day: tatkālasiṃhaḥ (??).

LIONESS:
     1 siṃhī;
     2 mṛgarājavadhūḥ, etc. (poet).

LION-METTLED: siṃhasattva (f. ttvā) (??) and sim. comp.s.

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LIP (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 oṣṭhaḥ (gen. = upper l. as distinguished from adharaḥ = lower 1.);
     2 daśanacchadaḥ; daśanavāsas, etc. (poet).
     II Fig. =mouth: q. v.: mukham: v. Also tongue.
     III Edge, as of a vessel.

LIP (v.): adharaṃ pibati (, c. 1.) (with gen.): v. To kiss.

LIP (adj.): l.-salve: oṣṭhāñjanam; l.-loyalty: maukhikamaktiḥ; l.-honeyed: mukhamadhu (mfn.).

LIPPED: expr. by comp., Bimba-l.: bimboṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā).

LIQUIFY: drāvayati (c. of dru): v. To melt.

LIQUID (adj.):
     I Lit.: dravaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Clear, transparent: q. v.: svaccha (f. cchā).

LIQUID (subs.):
     1 dravaḥ;
     2 dravapadārthaḥ; etc.

LIQUIDATE: śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To clear, pay.

LIQUIDITY dravatā -tvam, Par.

LIQUOR:
     I A liquid: q. v.
     II An intoxicating drink:
     1 āsavaḥ: v. Wine;
     2 peyam (= drink), Mah.

LIQUORICE: yaṣṭimadhu (n.): v. Licorice.

LISP, LISPING: v. Stammer, stammering.

LIST (subs.):
     I Border: q. v.: prāntaḥ.
     II An enclosed field: vīthiḥ, Si. Ph.: to enter the l. s: raṇaṃ gacchati, V. p.
     III A catalogue: nāmāvaliḥ. Ph.: civil l.: (a) of officers: rājakarmakarāṇāṃ nāmāvaliḥ (?); (b) of expenses: *rājavyayapatrikā.

LIST (v.):
     I To please: q. v.:
     II To enlist: q. v.

LIST, LISTEN:
     1 śṛṇoti (śru, c. 5 (both of hearing and of attending);
     2 karṇaṃ dadāti (, c. 3 (= to lend ear);
     3 karṇe karoti (to yield), K.

LISTENER: śrotṛ (f. trī): v. Hearer.

LISTLESS:
     1 anavahitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= careless);
     2 nirīhaḥ (hā haṃ) (= indolent, indifferent).

LISTLESSLY:
     1 nirutsāhena (= without zeal);
     2 jāḍyena: v. Indolently.

LISTLESSNESS:
     1 nirīhatā: v. Indifference;
     2 jāḍyam: v. Inactivity.

LITANY: (?) sūktam: v. Prayer, hymn.

LITERAL: v. L. ly. L. -sense: prakṛtārthaḥ, etc.

LITERALLY:
     I Not figuratively: paramārthataḥ yathārthataḥ or anvarthataḥ, you are l. a Rākshasa: anvarthato rākṣaso'si, Mu. v.
     II Not liberally: perh. yathārthataḥ, etc.; with yathā tathā, translate l. into Sanskrit: *yatheṃrejībhāṣāyāṃ saṃskṛtena tathā kuru.

LITERARY: L. conversation: śāstrālāpaḥ; l. history: *śāstrāṇāmitihāsaḥ; l. man: paṇḍitaḥ; l. fame: pāṇḍityayaśas; etc.

LITERATE: paṇḍitaḥ: v. Learned.

LITERATURE:
     1 śāstram;
     2 sāhityam (used in Bengali).

LITHE, LITHESOME: v. Flexible, soft.

LITHOGRAPHER: *prastaralekhakāraḥ.

LITHOGRAPHY: *prastaralekhakalā or -vidyā.

LITHOTOMY: aśmarīcchedaḥ and sim. comp.s (comp. Sr.).

LITIGANT: vivadamānaḥ (nā naṃ), D. viii.

LITIGATE: expr. with vyavahāraḥ, Mit.

LITIGATION:
     1 vyavahāraḥ;
     2 vivādaḥ (= dispute).

LITIGIOUS:
     1 vyavahārapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?);
     2 vivādaśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (?).

LITIGIOUSNESS:
     1 vyavahārapriyatā (?);
     2 vivādaśīlatā (?), etc.

LITTER (subs.):
     I The vehicle:
     1 śivikā;
     2 śiraskā (rare).
     II Of straw: tṛṇasaṃstaraḥ.
     III Of young: sahajātaḥ śāvakagaṇaḥ.
     IV Disorder: q. v.

LITTER (v.):
     I To bring forth: q. v.: sūte (, c. 2.).
     II With straw: tṛṇaiḥ saṃstṛṇāti ā-, (stṝ, c. 9.).

LITTLE (adj.):
     1 alpaḥ or svalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), giving l. milk: alpakṣīraḥ (rā raṃ), Mah.; going a l. distance: svalpamantaraṃ gatvā, L.; I do not see the least reason to call it false: nālpamapi kāraṇamasya mithyābhidhāne paśyāmi, K.; a l. (man): alpakaḥ, Si. xvi. 28.; l. fishes: alpakā matsyāḥ, Ram. ii. 69. 28.;
     2 kṣudraḥ (drā draṃ) (= small), a l. fish: kṣudramatsyaḥ, Mah.;
     3 stokaḥ (kā kaṃ) (rare), a l. way: stokaṃ mārgam, P. Ph.: a l. man: māṇavakaḥ; a l. horse: aśvakaḥ; a l. while: v. While.

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LITTLE, A LITTLE (adv.):
     1 īṣat, smiling a l.: īṣadvihasya, K.;
     2 kiñcit, l. less than ten thousand winters: kiñcidūnaṃ śaradāmayutam, R.; a l. ashamed: kiñcidupajātalajjaḥ, K.;
     3 alpa- in comp., l. heard of: alpaśrutaḥ (tā taṃ), Kar.; a l. remaining: alpāvaśiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Vi.;
     4 manāk, going up a l.: manāgivopasṛtya, D.;
     5 stokam, l. by l.: stokaṃ stokam, Mr.

LITTLE (subs.):
     1 kiñcit, if (he) would delay a l.: yadi kiñcidvilambeta, R.;
     2 alpam, wishing to lose much for a l.: alpasya hetorbahu hātumicchan, R.

LITTLE-MINDED: alpacetas (mfn.), Ram. vi. 100. 6., and sim. comp.

LITTLENESS: alpatā (lit. and fig.), from our l.: nijayālpatayā, Ki. vi. 37.;
     2 kṣudratāḥ v. Smallness.

LITURGIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

LITURGY: sūktasamaṣṭiḥ; stotrapaddhatiḥ.

LIVE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 jīvati (jīv, c. l.), I will not l. any more: ata ūrddhvaṃ na jīvāmi, A. r.; why the sinner is allowed to l.: kiṃnimittaṃ pātakī jīvyate, Mr.;
     2 prāṇiti (an, c. 2.), so long as I am l. ing: yāvat prāṇimi, K. II. To sustain life:
     1 jīvati upa- ā-, l.ing on the produce of trees: vṛkṣajīvikayā jīvan, B. p.:
     2 vartayati (c. of vṛt), l. ing on wild fruits: vanyena vartayan, R. xii. 20. Ph.: l. ing on leaves: parṇavṛttitā, Ku.; l.ing by gambling: dyūtopajīvin (f. ), Mr. III. To dwell:
     1 vasati ni-, (vas, c. 1.), were they known to be l. ing there: na khalu viditāste tatra nivasantaḥ, Mu.;
     2 l.ing together: saha jīvantaḥ, Mit. To l. with:
     1 saha vasati, will always l. with you: tvayā sārdhaṃ sadā vatsyati, Mah. iii. 231. 6.;
     2 saṃvasati, M. IV. To spend life: jīvanaṃ nayati (, c. 1.) or gamayati (c. of gam) or yāpayati (c. of ) or ati-vāhayati (c. of vah).

LIVE (adj.): jīvat (f. ntī): v. Alive.

LIVELIHOOD:
     1 jīvikā ā- upa-, to get l.: jīvikāṃ prāpnoti, S. k.; (it) has become my l. now: ājīvikedānīṃ saṃvṛttā, Mr.;
     2 ājīvaḥ -nam, pure l.: viśuddha ājīvaḥ, Sa.;
     3 vṛttiḥ, (rarely vartanam), for l.: vṛttyartham, H.;
     4 jīvanam (rare), means of l.: jīvanopāyaḥ, D.s.

LIVELINESS:
     1 ullāsaḥ;
     2 praharṣaḥ (= joy);
     3 praphullatā (= vivacity) (?);
     4 sphūrtiḥ (= animation).

LIVELONG:
     I Living long (rare); cirajīvin (f. ).
     II Long: dīrgha (f. rghā), 'l. night': dīrghayāmā triyāmā, Me. ii. 47.

LIVELY:
     I Living: q. v.
     II Merry, gay:
     1 praphulla (f. llā);
     2 ullasaḥ (sā saṃ);
     3 hṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (= merry).

LIVER: yakṛt, l. disease: yakṛdrogaḥ, Bha.

LIVERY:
     I Delivery, deliverance: q. v.
     II Dress: q. v.: veṣaḥ. Ph.: l. -stable: *bhāṭakāśvaśālā.

LIVID: śyāvaḥ (vā vaṃ) or śyāvavarṇa (f. rṇā) (?), D. ii.

LIVIDNESS, LIVIDITY: śyāvatā.

LIVING (adj.):
     I Having life: sajīvaḥ (vā vaṃ). A l. being: jīvaḥ; the land of the l.: jīvalokaḥ, H. II. Alive: jīvat (f. ntī).

LIVING (subs.):
     I Livelihood: q. v.: jīvikā.
     II Estate: q. v.: sampattiḥ. For other senses: v. To live.

LIZARD:
     1 gṛhagodhā;
     2 jyeṣṭhī.

LO: paśya or paśya paśya: v. To look.

LOAD (subs.):
     I Burden: q. v.: bhāraḥ. II. A quantity carried at once: bhāraḥ, brought a l. of fuel: idhmānāṃ bhāramājahre, Mah.

LOAD (v. t.):
     I Lit.: expr. by subs.: v. To fill, put.
     II Fig., as to l. the stomach: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10 (= to fill).
     III To adulterate: q. v.
     IV To charge: pūrayati (?). V. To heap: q. v.

LOADED: the boat is l. with iron: lauhabhṛtā nauḥ (?); l. gun: pūritaṃ bandukam; heavily l.: bhārākrānta (f. ntā) (?).

LOAD-STONE:
     1 ayaskāntaḥ;
     2 cumbakaḥ.

LOAF: apūpaḥ (?), roṭiḥ (?).

LOAM: kardamabhūmiḥ (?).

LOAMY: l. soil: kardamabhūmiḥ (?): v. Also clayey.

LOAN:
     1 ṛṇam: v. Debt;
     2 dhāraḥ: v. To owe.

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LOATH (adj.): anicchukaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Loth, unwilling.

LOATHE: ghṛṇate (ghṛṇ, c. l.): v. To hate, abhor.

LOATHING (subs.): ghṛṇāḥ v. Hatred, abhorrence.

LOATHSOME:
     1 bīmatsakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 atikutsitaḥ (tā taṃ).

LOATHSOMENESS:
     1 bībhatsatā;
     2 kutsitatā;
     3 garhaṇīyatā.

LOBBY: prāgvaṃśaḥ (?): *praveśaśālā.

LOBE: pāliḥ (?), l. of the ear: karṇapāliḥ.

LOBSTER: mahāciṅgāriḥ (?).

LOCAL: sthānīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), l. paper: *sthānīyapatrikā.

LOCALITY:
     I Place: q. v.: sthānam.
     II Position: saṃsthānam or saṃsthitiḥ.

LOCALLY: gen. expr. by tatra (there) or yatra (where).

LOCATE: sthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To place.

LOCH: saras (n.): v. Lake.

LOCK (subs.):
     I For doors: tāla (mn.), -ka (mn.). II. A fastening: bandhaḥ -nam. III. A kind of wear: bandhaḥ (?).
     IV Of a gun: *tālam -kam; agniyojakam. V. Of hair: pāśaḥ: v. Hair. N. B. śikhaṇḍaḥ -kaḥ and kākapakṣaḥ are used of children's l.s. VI. A grapple: niṣpeṣaḥ.

LOCK (v.):
     I To fasten: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II To confine: q. v.: niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).
     III To embrace tightly: niṣpinaṣṭi (piṣ, c. 7.), Ki.

LOCKED-JAW, LOCK-Jaw:
     1 hanustambhaḥ or hanugrahaḥ.

LOCKER: peṭikā (??).

LOCKET: *sampuṭakaḥ (sampuṭa is like l.s though not worn).

LOCKSMITH: tālakāraḥ (?); tālakakāraḥ (??).

LOCOMOTION: sañcāraḥ: v. Motion.

LOCOMOTIVE: sañcārin (f. ṇī): v. Moving.

LOCUM-TENENS: kāryakaraḥ (?); padasthaḥ (?).

LOCUS: In math.: *nidhānam.

LOCUST: śalabhaḥ or śaramaḥ (??).

LODGE (v. i.):
     1 vasati ni- (vas, c. l.): v. To reside;
     2 avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l.): v. To stay;
     2 viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4 (= to rest), do me the favour of l. ing in my house to-night: mama gṛhe'dya viśramitumanugrahaḥ kriyatām, D. v.

LODGE (v. t.):
     I To place, put: q. v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To harbour: vāsaṃ dadāti; gen. expr. by intrans. Ph.: to l. information: āvedanaṃ karoti.

LODGEMENT: vāsaḥ ni-, Si. xii. 62.

LODGER: expr. by verb.

LODGING (subs.):
     1 vāsaḥ ni-: v. residence:
     2 by verb.

LODGING-HOUSE: No equiv.: *avasthānagṛham.

LOFT: of a house: aṭṭaḥ. Hay-l.: tṛṇakoṣṭhaḥ, etc.

LOFTILY: unnatam sam-; uddhatam (= haughtily).

LOFTINESS:
     I Lit.: unnatiḥ sam-, the l. of your mind is like the l. of your summits: manasaḥ śikharāṇāñca sadṛśī te samunnatiḥ, Ku. vi. 66.
     II Fig.:
     1 unnatiḥ sam-;
     2 unnatatvam, the same natural l.: tadeva naisargikamunnatatvam, R. v. 37.

LOFTY:
     1 unnataḥ (tā taṃ), sam; the l. assemblage of kings: avanībhṛtāṃ samunnato gaṇaḥ, Si. xv. 21.;
     2 tuṅga (f. ṅgā): v. High.

LOG: 1. Of wood: sthūlakāṣṭham, etc.: v. Wood.
     II In ships: *gatimāpaḥ.

LOGARITHM: *saṃvargamānam.

LOG-BOOK: gatipatrikā.

LOGGERHEAD: sthūlabuddhi (mfn.). To be at or fall or go to l.: kaliṃ gacchati: v. Strife.

LOGIC:
     1 nyāyaḥ-śāstram;
     2 tarkavidyā.

LOGICAL:
     1 by comp.:
     2 nyāyin (f. );
     3 tārkikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

LOGICALLY:
     1 nyāyānusāreṇa;
     2 nyāyena.

LOGICIAN:
     1 naiyāyikaḥ;
     2 tarkaśāstraviśāradaḥ and sim. comp.s.

LOGOMACHY: vitaṇḍā (?); śabdavivādaḥ (??), Williams.

LOIN:
     1 śroṇiḥ;
     2 kaṭiḥ. Its cavities: kukundare (n. dual).

LOITER: kālaṃ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To delay, linger.

LOITERER:
     1 kālakṣepakaḥ;
     2 alasaḥ (= idler).

LONE, LONELY:
     I Solitary:
     1 vivikta (f. ktā), l. place giving content to soul: cittanirvṛtividhāyi viviktam, Ki. ix. 71.;
     2 nirjanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= without any man).
     II Alone:
     1 expr. with ekākin (f. );
     2 anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ) (= helpless).

LONELINESS:
     1 viviktatā (= solitude);
     2 anāthatā (= helplessness).

LONESOME, LONESOMENESS: v. Lonely, loneliness.

LONG (v.):
     1 spṛhayati (spṛh, c. l (with dat.), l. ing for my own death for his life: tajjīvitāyātmamaraṇāya spṛhayantī, K.;
     2 gṛdhyati (gṛdh, c. 4 (rare), l.ing for the son: putragṛddhinī: V. p.: v. To desire.

LONG (adj.):
     1 dīrghaḥ (rghā rghaṃ) (in all senses), l. -eared: dīrghakarṇa (f. rṇā), H.; in l. journeys: dīrghe'dhvani, Ka.; for a l. time: dīrghakālam, K.; l. sorrow: dīrghaśokaḥ, K.; l. sleep: dīrghanidrā, R.; a vowel is short, long or protracted: ajbhrasvadīrghaplutaḥ, Pāṇini.;
     2 āyataḥ (tā taṃ) (lit.), how broad, how l.: kiṃvistārāḥ kimāyatāḥ, Mah. ii. 6. 16.; thrice l.: triguṇamāyataḥ (tā taṃ), Mat.;
     3 āyāmavat (f. ) (= 2), l. black hair: āyāmavānnīlo mūrdhajakalāpaḥ, D. vi.;
     4 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā) (in extent), news about Kusumapura is l.: vistīrṇaḥ kusumapuravṛttāntaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     5 ciraḥ (rā raṃ) (of time only), l. standing: cirasthitiḥ, D. v.

LONG (adv.): I. In comp.: by adj., l. -extended: dīrghavistāraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Through, throughout: q. v.
     III Of time: dīrghakālam or often ciram, live l.: ciraṃ jīva, D. iii. Ph.: (a) how l. did you see (him): kiyacciraṃ dṛṣṭastvayā, K.; how l. after: kiyaccireṇa, Sa.; (b) too l.: suciram, K.; not very l.: nāticiram, K.; (c) ere l.: acireṇa or acirāt, Vi.; (d) as l. as: yāvat; as l. as one lives: yāvajjīvet, D.s.; lived as l. as he wished: yāvadicchamuṣitam, Mu. iii.; (e) so l.: tāvat, so l. his fame is constant: tāvadasya sthiraṃ yaśaḥ, Ki. xi. 61.; (f) l. after: dīrghakālānantaram bahoḥ kālāt, U.; etc.

LONGEVITY:
     1 dīrghajīvanam;
     2 dīrghāyus (n.); etc.

LONGING (subs.): spṛhā, for what things the Princess of Magadha feels a l.: spṛhāvatī vastuṣu keṣu māgadhī, R. iii. 5.;
     2 tṛṣṇā: v. Thirst.;
     3 abhilāṣaḥ: v. Desire;
     4 dohadam (of a pregnant woman), M.n.

LONGINGLY: saspṛhaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Also eagerly.

LONGISH: dīrghadīrgha (f. rghā): v. Somewhat.

LONGITUDE: I. Length: q. v.
     II In Ast.: rekhāntaram. Ph.: distance of the place (in. l.): deśāntaram, Su. i. 60.

LONGITUDINAL: expr. by adv. or comp.

LONGITUDINALLY: dairghyeṇaḥ v. Length.

LONG-LIVED:
     1 āyuṣmat (f. );
     2 cirajīvin (f. );
     3 cirañjīvaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     4 dīrghajīvin (f. );
     5 dīrghāyus (mfn.);
     6 jaivātṛka (f. ) (rare).

LONG-SIGHTED:
     1 dūradṛś (mfn.), vultures are l.: dūradṛśo gṛdhrāḥ, Ana.;
     2 dūradṛṣṭi (mfn.), A. r.; and sim. comp.s.

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS:
     1 dūraddaṣṭiḥ;
     2 dūradarśitā; etc.

LONG SUFFERANCE, LONG-SUFFERING: cirasahiṣṇutā: v. Patience.

LONG-SUFFERING (adj.):
     1 cirasahiṣṇu (mfn.);
     2 bahukṣamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Patient.

LONG-WINDED: fig.: dīrghasūtra (f. trā): v. Tedious.

LOOBY: sthūlabuddhi (mfn.): v. Blockhead.

LOOK (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 paśyati (dṛś, c. l.) (with acc.) l.: paśya, U. vi.;
     2 ā-lokayati ava- vi-, (lok, c. 10);
     3 dṛṣṭipātaṃ karoti, R. viii. 18.; v. Also to see.
     II To face: q. v. III. To appear:
     1 dṛśyate abhi- prati-, (pass. of dṛś), l.s as if floating (in the air): plavamāneva dṛśyate, Mah. ii. 10. 4.;
     2 lakṣyate saṃ- -pari- ā-, (pass. of lakṣ), Sa. iii. 12.

LOOK ABOUT: Lit. or fig.: parito vīkṣyate (īkṣ, c. l.), etc., Ki. ii. 2.

LOOK AFTER:
     I To attend: q. v.:
     1 paśyati;
     2 avekṣate.
     II To expect: q. v.: prekṣate.
     III To search: q. v.:
     1 paśyati;
     2 avekṣate.

LOOK AT: paśyati, etc., does not l. at character: na śīlaṃ paśyati, K.: v. Look. (I).

LOOK DOWN:
     I Lit.: v. Down, look.
     II To l. down on: avamanyate (man, c. 4.): v. To despise.

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LOOK FOR: v. Look after, expect, search.

LOOK IN THE FACE:
     1 sammukhībhavati (with gen.);
     2 abhimukhayati (with gen.).

LOOK IN, INTO: (?) paśyati, should himself l. into income and expenditure: paśyedāyavyayau svayam, Y.;
     2 ava-īkṣate vi-, or sam-, should always l. into Śāstras: nityaṃ śāstrāvekṣī syāt, V. s.;
     3 avalokayati.

LOOK ON:
     I Lit.: prekṣate.
     II To consider, regard: q. v.: manyate.

LOOK OUT: avekṣate (lit. and fig.): v. Also to attend.

LOOK OVER: paśyati (?);
     2 avekṣate (?).

LOOK THROUGH: Fig.: paryavekṣate.

LOOK TO:
     I To pay attention to: vi-īkṣate sam-, for, the age of luminaries is not l. ed to: tejasāṃ hi na vayaḥ samīkṣyate, R. II. To fix hopes on: prekṣate abhi-.

LOOK UP:
     1 udvīkṣate;
     2 utpaśyati;
     3 udīkṣate. These verbs take an acc.

LOOK UP TO: pratīkṣate, to those who are l. ed up to: pratīkṣyeṣu, R. v. 14.

LOOK (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 vilokanam ava-, even by (your) l.: vilokanenaiva, Si.;
     2 dṛṣṭiḥ or darśanam, with a favourable and pleasant l.: dṛṣṭyā prasādāmalayā, R. II. Expression of countenance, aspect: darśanam, oh, how sweet is their l.: aho maghuramāsāṃ darśanam, Sa. i.

LOOKER: darśakaḥ. L. on: prekṣakaḥ: v. Spectator.

LOOKING (subs.):
     1 darśanam, l. round: paridarśanam;
     2 prekṣaṇam; l. up: udvīkṣaṇam, l. into: avekṣaṇam;
     3 vilokanam, l. into: avalokanam.

LOOKING GLASS:
     1 ādarśaḥ;
     2 darśanam (rare): v. Mirror.

LOOK OUT:
     I Lit.: avekṣā sam-.
     II The place: avekṣāsthānam.

LOOM (subs.):
     1 tantram;
     2 tantravāpaḥ.

LOOM (v.):
     I Lit.: lakṣyate (pass. of lakṣ): v. To appear, look.
     II Fig.: śobhate (śubh, c. l.): v. To shine.

LOON: I. A rascal: dhūrtaḥ. II. A bird: jālapādaḥ pakṣibhedaḥ.

LOOP (subs.):
     1 pāśaḥ (?);
     2 chidram (= hole).

LOOP (v.): badhnāti (bandh, c. 9 (= to fasten: q. v.).

LOOP-HOLE: chidram (?); randhram (?).

LOOSE (adj.):
     I Not tight:
     1 śithilaḥ (lā laṃ), l. tie: śithilabandhanam, M. n.
     2 ślathaḥ (thā thaṃ), pari- pra-.
     II Free: q. v.: muktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ).
     III Unrestrained, dissolute: q. v.: ucchṛṅhvalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     IV Of bowels: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).
     V Of soil: śithilaḥ (lā laṃ).

LOOSE, LOOSEN (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śithilīkaroti, etc.;
     2 śithilayati (nomi.), l. ed bracelet: śithilitavalayaḥ, Sa. iii. 10.
     II To free, untie: q. v.: muñcati or mocayati (muc, c. 6 and 10.), l. ed from all ties: nirmuktasamastabandhanaḥ (nā naṃ), A. r.

LOOSELY:
     I Lit.:
     1 śithilam;
     2 ślatham, l. hanging: ślathalambin (f. ), Ku. v. 47.
     II Dissolutely, unchastely, carelessly: q. v.: ucchṭaṅkhalaḥ.

LOOSENESS:
     I In gen.:
     1 śithilatā;
     2 ślathatā pra- pari.
     II Of morals: ucchṭaṅkhalatā.

LOOSENING, LOOSING:
     I Lit.: śithilīkaraṇam.
     II Freeing: vimocanam.

LOP (v.): ā-chinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To cut.

LOP-SIDED: viṣamamaraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

LOQUACIOUS: vāvadūkaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Talkative, noisy.

LOQUACIOUSNESS, LOQUACITY:
     1 vāvadūkatā;
     2 vācālatā.

LORD (subs.):
     1 īśaḥ, the L. of the past, the future, and the present: bhūtabhavyabhavadīśaḥ, Ki.;
     2 īśvaraḥ, the l. of Kāmrupa: kāmarūpeśvaraḥ, R.: v. Master. Ph.: 'my l.' (as a term of address) devaḥ or āryaputraḥ (by wives) or martṛ (m.) (by menial servants): v. Master.

LORD (v.): prabhutvaṃ karoti (with gen.): v. To domineer, rule.

LORD'S SUPPER: īśvaraśrāddham; kṛṣṭaśrāddham.

LORDLY: I. Noble, dignified: q. v.
     II Haughty, imperious: q. v.

LORDSHIP:
     I As title: devaḥ: v. (My) Lord.
     II Dominion, power: q. v.: prabhutvam.

LORE: vidyā: v. Learning.

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LORN: anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ): v. Forlorn.

LOSE: I. To cause to be taken: hārayati apa-, (c. of hṛ), I. lost ten sovereigns in gambling: daśasuvarṇaṃ dyūte hāritam, Mr.; to l. wife: patnīṃ hārayati, Vi. v. 23.
     II To be deprived of: viyujyate (pass. of yuj): v. To deprive, devoid of.
     III To fall from: q. v.: bhraśyati -te pari- pra-, (bhraṃś, c. 4.), l.s spirits: prabhraśyate tejasaḥ, Mr.
     IV Opposed to win: parājayate (ji, c. l.) (rare), what you first lost: kinnu pūrvaṃ parājaiṣīḥ, Mah. ii. 67. 7.
     IV To miss.: expr. with naśyati (naś, c. 4.), pra-, one who has lost his way: pranaṣṭavartman (mfn.), K.; Vasantasenā is lost: naṣṭā vasantasenā, Mr. i. V. To ruin, destroy: q. v.: nāśayati (c. of naś).
     VI Of time: v. To spend, waste. Ph.: to l. oneself: buddhya parityajyate, Mr.

LOSER: expr. by verb.

LOSS:
     I Waste:
     1 hāniḥ, l. of capital: mūlahāniḥ, Vri.;
     2 kṣatiḥ to make good a l.: kṣatiṃ pūrayati (?).
     II Destruction: nāśaḥ, l. of wealth: arthanāśaḥ.
     III Fall: bhraṃśaḥ, l. of caste: jātibhraṃśaḥ.
     IV Deprivation: viyogaḥ, l. of life: prāṇaviyogaḥ.
     V Defeat: q. v.: parājayaḥ. Ph.: l. of time: kālaharaṇam, etc.; at a l. what to do: kiṃkartavyatāmūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ).

LOT:
     I Part, share: q. v.: bhāgaḥ.
     II Fate, fortune: q. v.: bhāgyam.
     III Chance, hazard: casting of l.s: guṭikāpātaḥ, Da.

LOTH: anicchu (mfn.): v. Unwilling.

LOTION: dhāvanam (?): v. Liniment.

LOTTERY: guṭikāpātaḥ (??).

LOTUS:
     1 padmam;
     2 kamalam;
     3 nalinam;
     4 aravindam. Blue-l.:
     1 utpalam;
     2 indīvaram. White-l.: puṇḍarīkam. Red-l.: kokanadam. The plant:
     1 nalinī;
     2 kamalinī;
     3 mṛṇālinī;
     4 padminī. Its stalk: nālaḥ. Its root: śālūkam. Its film:
     1 mṛṇālam;
     2 visam. Its filament: kiñjalkaḥ.

LOUD: with a l. voice: uccaiḥ, l. cry: mahāśabdaḥ: v. Cry, noise, shout: v. Also noisily.

LOUD, LOUDLY (adv.):
     1 uccaiḥ;
     2 uccakaiḥ;
     3 proccaiḥ;
     4 uccaiḥ =svareṇa;
     5 mahāśabdena.

LOUDNESS: v. Loud, clamour.

LOUNGE (v.):
     1 viśrāmyati (= to rest);
     2 kālaṃ kṣipati (= to spend time).

LOUNGE (subs.): śayanam (= bed, couch).

LOUNGER: expr. by verb.: alasaḥ (sā saṃ) (= idle).

LOUSE:
     1 utkuṇaḥ;
     2 yūkaḥ;
     3 keśakīṭaḥ. Its eggs: likṣā.

LOUSEWORT: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

LOUSY:
     1 utkuṇin (f. ) (?);
     2 yūkopadrutaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

LOUT (subs.): vṛṣalaḥ (?): v. Clown.

LOUTISH: grāmya (f. myā) (?): v. Rude, awkward.

LOVE (subs.):
     I Affection: q. v.:
     1 preman (n.), man's l. for woman is inconstant: dayitāsvanavasthitaṃ nṛṇāṃ.. prema, Ku. iv. 28.;
     2 praṇayaḥ, are you attached to, or in l. or friendship with her daughter: asti bhavato'syā duhitrā saha prasaktiḥ praṇayaḥ prītirvā, Mr. ix.;
     3 anurāgaḥ (= fondness), mutual l. is the best thing in matches: itaretarānurāgo dārakarmaṇi parārddhaṃ maṅgalam, Ma. ii.;
     4 kāmaḥ (= amorous l.), for he whom you look would fall in l. with you: yaṃ hi tvamabhivīkṣethāḥ sa kāmavaśago bhavet, Mah.; l.-sick: kāmārta (f. rtā), Me.; kāmāturaḥ (rā raṃ), D.; Kalahansaka makes l. to Mandārikā: kalahaṃsako mandārikāṃ kāmayate Ma. i.; l. is cross: kāmo vāmaḥ, Mr.; l. -stricken: madanaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), manmathamathyamāna (f. ), etc.
     II = darling: priya (f. ).
     III Kindness: dayā, universal benevolence is l.: dayā sarvasukhaiṣitvam, Mah.
     IV God of love:
     1 kāmaḥ;
     2 madanaḥ;
     3 manmathaḥ;
     4 kandarpaḥ;
     5 anaṅgaḥ.

LOVE (v.):
     I To have l. for:
     1 expr. by subs.;
     2 by priyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= dear);
     3 snihyati (snih, c. 4) (= to feel affection for): v. Also to like, (be) pleased.
     II To delight in: q. v.: modate (mud, c. l.).

LOVE-BROKER: ghaṭakaḥ.

LOVE-FAVOUR: prītidāyaḥ, Ram. and sim. comp.s.

LOVE-KNOT: premabandhaḥ (?) premagranthiḥ (?).

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LOVE-LETTER:
     1 madanalekhaḥ, Sa.;
     2 anaṅgalekhaḥ, Ku.;
     3 patrikā (when the sense is clear), D.

LOVELINESS: kāntiḥ: v. Beauty, delightfulness.

LOVELY:
     1 kānta (f. ntā): v. Beautiful;
     2 kamanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Charming, delightful.

LOVER:
     I Lit.: anurāgin (f. ṇī): v. Fond.
     II One who is in love with:
     1 praṇayin (f. ) (?);
     2 priyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= dear). Ph.: 'love is blind and l.s cannot see': na kāmavṛttirvacanīyamīkṣate, Ku.

LOVING (adj.):
     I Dear: q. v.: priyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Expressing love: by comp.: v. Love.

LOVING KINDNESS: snehaḥ: v. Kindness, favour.

LOVINGLY:
     1 sasneham;
     2 sānurāgam;
     3 sapraṇayam, etc.

LOW (adj.):
     I Of place:
     1 nīcaḥ (cā caṃ), exceedingly l.: nitarāṃ nīcaḥ, Bham. i. 8.; where the water is l.: yatra jalasya nīcatvam, A.c.;
     2 nimna (f. mnā), l. parts become high lands: nimnapradeśāḥ sthalatāmupāgaman, Ku.;
     3 nataḥ (tā taṃ), l. and high grounds: natonnatabhūmibhāgāḥ, Sa. II. Fig., mean, base: q. v.: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ), l. caste: nīcajātiḥ, Ki. III. In stature: hnasva (f. svā): v. Short.
     IV Of the tide: Ph.: at l. water: kṣīṇāyāṃ velāyām.
     V Of price: svalpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ).
     VI Not loud: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ) (?). Ph.: high and l. talks: uccanīcapralāpān, D. VII. Grave (of tones): mandra (f. ndrā).
     VIII Depressed, sad: viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā).
     IX Humble, reverent: q. v.
     X Moderate, reasonable: svalpa (f. lpā).
     XI Feeble, weak: q. v.: avasanna (f. nnā).

LOW (adv.):
     I Not aloft:
     1 nīcaḥ;
     2 nīca- in comp.;
     3 adhas (= down).
     II Not loud: nīcaiḥ (?); mṛdu (= gently), Sa.

LOW (v.): rebhate (rebh, c. l.): v. Noise.

LOWBELL (v.): bhīṣayate (c. of bhī): v. To frighten.

LOWER (adj.):
     I In place: adhas in comp., l. world: adhobhuvanam; l. garment: adhoṃ'śukam.
     II Socially: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ).

LOWER (adv.): adhas: v. Low, below.

LOWER (v. t.):
     I To let down: namayati (nam, c. 10.): v. Also to descend.
     II To abase, humble: q. v.: namayati.
     III To diminish: q. v.

LOWER (v. i.):
     I To decrease: q. v. II. To be gloomy: let the clouds l.: udayantu nāma meghāḥ, Mr. iv.
     III Frown: q. v.

LOWERY: v. Cloudy, gloomy.

LOWING (subs.): rebhitam: v. Cry, noise.

LOWLAND: nimnabhūmiḥ: v. Also level.

LOWLINESS:
     I Humility: q. v.: namratā.
     II Meanness: q. v.: nīcatā -tvam.

LOWLY (adj.):
     I Humble: q. v.: namra (f. mrā). II. Mean: q. v.: nīcaḥ (cā caṃ). III. Low: q. v.

LOWLY (adv.):
     I Humbly, meekly: q. v.: namram.
     II Meanly: q. v.

LOWNESS:
     I Of position:
     1 nīcatā;
     2 nimnatā.
     II Of birth, etc.: v. Meanness.
     III Of stature: svalpatā.
     IV Of price: svalpatā. V. Of spirit: avasādaḥ: v. Dejection.

LOW-SPIRITED: viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā): v. Dejected.

LOYAL:
     1 rājabhakta (f. ktā);
     2 anurakta (f. ktā) (= attached).

LOYALLY:
     1 bhaktyā (?):
     2 sānurāgam (?);
     3 śraddhāpūrbakam (?).

LOYALTY:
     1 rājabhaktiḥ;
     2 anurāgaḥ (= attachment).

LOZENGE: I. A rhombus: q. v. II. A cake: *lojañjam.

LUBBER: sthūlabuddhi (mfn.): v. Fool, blockhead.

LUBBERLY:
     I Adj.: v. Stupid.
     II Adv.: sthūlabuddhyā.

LUBRICATE: abhyanakti (añj, c. 7.): v. To anoint.

LUBRICATION: abhyañjanam: v. To anoint besmear.

LUCENT: rociṣṇu (mfn.): Lucid, bright.

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LUCERN: ākheṭikakukkuraviśeṣaḥ.

LUCID:
     I Resplendent, bright: q. v.: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Transparent, clear: q. v.: svaccha (f. cchā).
     III Distinct, perspicuous: q. v.: viśadaḥ (dā daṃ). Ph.: l. (interval): prasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (comp. prasannakalpaḥ prakṛtistha eva jātaḥ, D. ii.).

LUCIDLY: viśadam: v. Clearly.

LUCIFER:
     I The morning star: prabhātatārā (?).
     II Satan: q. v.

LUCK:
     I Chance, accident: q. v.: daivam.
     II Fortune: q. v.: daivam. Ph.: I wish your good l.: śubhamastu bhavataḥ.

LUCKILY:
     1 diṣṭyā, Mah. s. i. 11.;
     2 daivayogāt or -yogena.

LUCKLESS: daivopahataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Unfortunate, unlucky.

LUCKY:
     I Fortunate: q. v.: bhāgyavat (f. ).
     II Auspicious: q. v.: śubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

LUCRATIVE:
     1 lābhakaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 lābhajanakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

LUCRE: lābhaḥ: v. Gain, profit.

LUCUBRATE: rātryadhyayanaṃ karoti, and sim. comp.s.: v. To study.

LUCUBRATION:
     I Nocturnal study: q. v.: rātryadhyayanam and sim. comp.s.
     II What is composed by night: (?) rātriviracitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

LUCULENT: viśadaḥ (dā daṃ): v. Clear, transparent.

LUDICROUS: hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Ridiculous.

LUDICROUSLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also ridiculously.

LUFF: (v.): vātābhimukhaṃ karoti (?): v. To turn.

LUG: karṣati (kṛṣ, c. l.): v. To drag, pull.

LUGGAGE: sādhanam (?), K.; sāmagyaḥ (pl. = things).

LUGGER: naukāviśeṣaḥ.

LUGUBRIOUS: śokasūcaka (f. cikā): v. Mournful.

LUKEWARM:
     I Tepid: q. v.: koṣṇa (f. ṣṇā).
     II Not zealous: mandotsāhaḥ (hā haṃ): v. Zealous, indifferent.

LUKEWARMLY:
     I Lit.: koṣṇam or kavoṣṇam.
     II Indifferently:
     1 mandotsāhena;
     2 audāsīnyena.

LUKEWARMNESS:
     I Lit.: koṣṇatā or kavoṣṇatā.
     II Indifference: mandotsāhaḥ.

LULL (v. i.): śāmyati (śam, c. 4.): v. To subside, cease.

LULL (v. t.): śamayati (c. of śam): v. To quiet, soothe. Ph.: l. to sleep: nidrāṃ nayati (, c. l.).

LULL (subs.): upaśamaḥ: v. Quiet.

LULLABY: nidrāpradaṃ gītam (??) and sim. comp.s.

LUMBAGO: gṛdhrasī (gradhrasī); kaṭivātaḥ.

LUMBAR: expr. by comp.: v. Loin.

LUMBER (subs.): nirarthakadravyam (??).

LUMINARY:
     1 jyotis (n.)., the lord of the l. ies (the moon): jyotiṣāṃ patiḥ;
     2 tejas (rare), all l. ies like the sun: sūryādīni sarvāṇi tejāṃsi, S.p.b. Fig.: ratnam (= gem.).

LUMINOUS: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Bright, lucid.

LUMINOUSLY: ujjvalam: v. Brightly, lucidly.

LUMP (subs.):
     I A heap: piṇḍa (mfn.).
     II A collection: q. v.: samāhāraḥ.

LUMP (v.):
     I Lit.: piṇḍīkaroti.
     II To collect: q. v.

LUMPISH:
     I Lit.: piṇḍākāraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Dull, stupid: q. v.

LUMPY
     1 piṇḍamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 piṇḍitaḥ (tā taṃ).

LUNACY: unmādaḥ: v. Madness.

LUNAR:
     1 by comp., l. eclipse: candragrahaṇam; the l. dynasty: candravaṃśaḥ;
     2 cāndraḥ (ndrī ndraṃ);
     3 cāndramasaḥ (sī saṃ);
     4 aindavaḥ (vī vaṃ), l. month: aindavo māsaḥ, Go. A l. day: tithiḥ; the 2nd. 3rd. 11th. l. day: dvitīyā tṛtīyā ekādaśī, etc.

LUNATED: ardhacandrākāraḥ (rā raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

LUNATIC: unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), released a l.: unmattaṃ muktavatī, D. ii. v. Mad.

LUNCH, LUNCHEON (subs.): jalapānam (in some of the dialects).

LUNCH (v.): jalapānaṃ karoti.

LUNG: phu(pu)sphu(pphu)saḥ. Pain in the l. s: hṛtpīḍā, Bha.

LUNGE: āghātaḥ: v. Stroke, thrust.

LUNGWORT: gulmaviśeṣaḥ.

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LUNT: *agnirajjuḥ.

LUPINE:
     I Subs: tripuṭaḥ (?).
     II Adj.: expr. with vṛkavat.

LURCH (subs.):
     I Of a ship: pārśvāvanatiḥ (?).
     II Ph.: to leave in the l.: kṛcchre or saṅkaṭe parityajati, etc.

LURCH (v.):
     I To steal: q. v.: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.).
     II To defeat: q. v.: hanti (han, c. 2.).

LURCHER:
     I A poacher: q. v.
     II A dog: kauṭikakukkuraḥ (?).

LURE (subs.):
     I Lit.: v. Decay.
     II Fig.: pralomanam: v. Enticement, allurement.

LURE (v.):
     I To allure: q. v.: ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. l.).
     II To call: q. v. āhvayati (hve, c. l.).

LURID: vipāṇḍu (mfn.): v. Pale, gloomy.

LURK: līyate (, c. 4.): v. To hide.

LURKER: expr. by circumlo: nibhṛtanilīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

LURKING-PLACE: nibhṛtanilayaḥ (?): v. Hidingplace.

LUSCIOUS: lalitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also sweet.

LUSCIOUSNESS: lālityam: v. Also sweetness.

LUST (subs.): kāmaḥ, possessed of l.: kāmaparītātman (mfn.), Mah.; and (their) l. is said to be eightfold: kāmaścāṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ, H.; l. s. are surely troublesome enemies: kāmāḥ kaṣṭā hi śatravaḥ, Ki. xi. 35.: v. Desire, love (I).

LUST (v.): kāmayate (nomi.) (with acc.): v. To desire.

LUSTFUL:
     I Having lust:
     1 kāmukaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 kāmavṛtti (mfn.);
     3 kāmārta (f. rtā), kāmāndha (f. ndhā), etc. (= inflamed with l.);
     4 kāmātman (mfn.), Mah.
     II Inciting l.:
     1 kāmavardhana (f. );
     2 kāmottejaka (f. jikā); etc.

LUSTFULLY: expr. by adj.: kāmārta (f. rtā), madanaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), smarāturaḥ (rā raṃ), manmathāviddhacetas (mfn.), etc.

LUSTFULNESS:
     1 kāmukatā;
     2 kāmavṛttiḥ;
     3 kāmāsaktiḥ.

LUSTILY: sasattvam: v. Vigorously, forcibly.

LUSTINESS: vīryam: v. Vigour, strength.

LUSTRAL:
     1 viśodhaka (f. dhikā);
     2 pāvakaḥ (kī kaṃ).

LUSTRATION: śuddhiḥ: v. Purification. L. of arms (Wilson): nīrājanam nā (?).

LUSTRE:
     I Brightness, splendour: q. v.: aujjvalyam.
     II Renown, distinction: q. v.:
     1 prabhā;
     2 dyutiḥ.
     III A chandelier: *pradyotakaḥ.
     IV A space of five years: pañcavarṣam and sim. comp.s.

LUSTROUS: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Bright, splendid.

LUSTRUM:
     1 pañcavarṣam; etc.
     2 varṣapañcakam;

LUSTY: vīryavat (f. ): v. Vigorous, robust.

LUTE:
     1 vīṇā;
     2 vallakī;
     3 vipañcī;
     4 parivādinī. Its neck:
     1 vīṇādaṇḍaḥ;
     2 pravālaḥ. Its belly:
     1 kakumaḥ;
     2 prasevakaḥ. Its bow: koṇaḥ. To play on the l: vīṇāṃ vādayati, H. To play near God: īśvaramupavīṇayitum: R. viii. 33.

LUTHERAN: *luthārīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

LUXATE: visandhīkaroti: v. To dislocate.

LUXATION: visandhīkaraṇam: v. Dislocation.

LUXURIANCE: vivṛddhiḥ: v. Exuberance.

LUXURIANT:
     I Abundant, exuberant: pracuraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II More than necessary: udrikta or atirikta (f. ktā).

LUXURIANTLY: prācuryeṇaḥ v. Abundantly.

LUXURIATE: vivardhate (vṛdh, c. l.): v. To grow, indulge.

LUXURIOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 vilāsapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 bhogāsakta (f. ktā);
     3 viṣayasukhanirataḥ (tā taṃ); etc.
     II Of things, etc.: vilāsamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?); atisukhāvahaḥ (hā haṃ) (?).
     III Abundant: pracuraḥ (rā raṃ).

LUXURIOUSLY: expr. by circumlo: pracuram (= abundantly).

LUXURY:
     I In gen.:
     1 aiśvaryasukham, K.;
     2 viṣayabhogaḥ.
     II Of food: v. Dainty, delicacy.

LYCEUM: vidyālayaḥ: v. School, college.

LYS: kṣārajalam (?) and sim. expr.s. and comp.s.

LYING (subs.):
     1 anṛtavāditvam;
     2 asatyabhāṣaṇam, V.s.; etc.;
     3 asatyatā, Si., or niḥsatyatā, H.

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LYING (adj.):
     I Telling lies: anṛtavādin (f. ), and sim. comp.s.
     II Situated: avasthitaḥ (tā taṃ).

LYING IN:
     I Subs: prasavāvasthā: v. Childbirth.
     II Adj.: expr. by subs. Ph.: l. -chamber: sūtikāhagṛm;
     2 ariṣṭam (rare).

LYMPH:
     I Water: nirmalajalam.
     II Of the body: rasaḥ (?), Bha.

LYMPHATIC: rasavāhin (f. ) (?).

LYNX: vanaviḍālaḥ (?), viḍālavṛkaḥ (?).

LYNX-EYED: Fig.: sūkṣmadarśin (f. ); sūkṣmadṛṣṭi (mfn.).

LYRE: vīṇā, a player on the l.: vīṇāvādaḥ: v. Lute.

LYRIC:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II In gen. sense: rasapradhānaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

LYRIST: vīṇāvādaḥ -kaḥ; vaiṇikaḥ.


MACADAMIZE: prastarakhaṇḍaiḥ chādayati (c. of chad) or saṃhanti (han, c. 2.).

MACARON: *cūrṇanālī, m. soup: cūrṇanālīmiśraṃ yūṣam.

MACAROON: *bādāmapiṣṭakaḥ.

MACAW: vakratuṇḍaḥ: v. Parrot.

MACE:
     I A spice: jāti(tī)patrī, Bha. Powdered with m. cardamom, and cinnamon: trijātakāvacūrṇitaḥ (tā taṃ), D. vi.
     II A heavy staff: gadā, Mah.
     III In gen.: daṇḍaḥ: v. Staff.

MACE-BEARER:
     1 daṇḍadharaḥ;
     2 yaṣṭidharaḥ: and sim. comp.s.

MACERATE: perh. drāvayati (c. of dru): v. To steep.

MACERATION: perh. drāvaṇam pācanam (??).

MACHINATE: parikalpayati (klṭap, c. 10.): v. To contrive.

MACHINATION:
     1 kumantraṇā;
     2 ṣaḍ yantram (?).

MACHINE: yantram: v. Also tool.

MACHIHE-MAKER, MACHINIST: yantrakāraḥ.

MACHINERY:
     I Machines collectively: yantrāṇi (n. pl.).
     II Working parts of a machine: expr. by circumlo.: 'm. of state': rājakāryavahāḥ (m. pl (?).

MACKEREL: *makralaḥ nīlabinduḥ matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

MACROCOSM:
     1 viśvam;
     2 viśvasaṃsāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

MAD:
     I Of persons or mind:
     1 unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) (best equiv (lit. and fig.) (we are) both m. about it: dvāvapyatronmattau,
     V ii.; o, m. woman: ayi unmattike, K. ii.; to go or run m.; unmādaṃ gacchati; to drive m.: unmattatāṃ nayati, K.;
     2 vātulaḥ (lā laṃ), vāyugrastaḥ (stā staṃ), etc. (lit.) my son is m.: mama putro vāyugrastaḥ, D. ii.;
     3 unmādin (f. ), N. xiii. 40.;
     4 madoddhataḥ (tā taṃ) (fig.), Ki. xiv. 63.
     II Of acts, etc.
     1 by comp.;
     2 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) (= vicious);
     3 uddāmaḥ (mā maṃ) (= unrestrained).

MADAM, -E:
     1 devī: v. Lady;
     2 āryā (by gentlemen).

MADCAP: pramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Rash, mad.

MADDEN (v. t.):
     1 unmādayati (c. of mad), m. ed by your form: tvadākāronmāditaḥ (tā taṃ), D.;
     2 unmattīkaroti.

MADDEN (v. i.):
     1 unmādyati (mad, c. 4.);
     2 unmattībhavati. M. ed:
     1 unmattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ), m. ed with wine: madonmattaḥ;
     2 andhaḥ (ndhā ndhaṃ): v. Blind.

MADDER: mañjiṣṭhā, dyed with m.: māñjiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhī), -ka (f. ), Vi.

MADE OF:
     1 -mayaḥ (yī yaṃ), m. of human bone: manuṣyāsthimayaḥ (yī yaṃ), S. p.;
     2 nirmitaḥ vi- (tā taṃ), a monkey m. of gold: kapiḥ kanakanirmitaḥ, Shat.;
     3 ghaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ), m. of fine thread: sūkṣmatantughaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ), V. d.;
     4 by a deriv., m. of mustard: sārṣapaḥ (pī paṃ), Bha.

MADHOUSE:
     1 vātulāśramaḥ;
     2 unmattālayaḥ (?).

MADLY:
     I In madness: unmādāt, K. ii.
     II Like a mad man: unmattavat; unmatta (f. ttā) iva.

MADNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 unmādaḥ, m. is a mental disease: unmādo mānaso vyādhiḥ, Sr.; treatment of m.: unmādacikitsā, Bha.;
     2 unmattatā (the state);
     3 vātulatā etc. (= 2).
     II Fig.:
     1 unmādaḥ;
     2 vāyuḥ, possessed of the m. of alchemy: sañjātadhātuvādavāyu (mfn.), K.
     III Of acts, etc.: mohaḥ: v. Folly, infatuation.

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MADRIGAL: no equiv.: gopagītam.

MAGAZINE:
     I For arms: śastrāgāram and sim. comp.s.
     II A store-house: q. v.
     III A periodical: no equiv.: *koṣaḥ or jñānakoṣaḥ; patrikā (used in Bengali.).

MAGGOT:
     I A worm: q. v.: kīṭaḥ -kaḥ.
     II A whim: q. v.

MAGGOTY:
     I Lit.: kīṭopasṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Whimsical: q. v.

MAGI: *māgayaḥ (m. pl.); pārasikapūrvapaṇḍitāḥ.

MAGIAN: *māgīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

MAGIC (subs.):
     1 indrajālam;
     2 māyā;
     3 kārmaṇam (rare).

MAGIC, -AL (adj.): aindrajālikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 māyā- in comp.

MAGICALLY:
     1 māyayā;
     2 indrajālena; etc.

MAGICIAN:
     1 aindajālikaḥ, m.'s brush: picchikā, D.
     2 māyākāraḥ māyin or māyāvin (gen. applied to demons etc. assuming illusive forms).

MAGISTERIAL:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II Imperious, proud: uddhataḥ (tā taṃ).

MAGISTERIALLY: Lit.: daṇḍanāyakatvena (?).
     II Arrogantly: uddhatam.

MAGISTRACY: daṇḍanāyakatvam or daṇḍanāyakādhikāraḥ (??).

MAGISTRATE: perh. daṇḍanāyakaḥ, D.

MAGNANIMITY:
     1 māhātmyam;
     2 mahānubhāvaḥ; etc.

MAGNANIMOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 mahātman (mfn.);
     2 mahānubhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ);
     3 mahāmanas (mfn.);
     4 udāracetas (mfn.); etc.
     II Of acts: udāraḥ (rā raṃ).

MAGNANIMOUSLY:
     1 audāryeṇa;
     2 udāracetasā, etc.

MAGNET:
     1 ayaskāntaḥ;
     2 cumbakaḥ -prastaraḥ.

MAGNETIC, -AL: by comp., m. needle: ayaskāntaśalākā (?).

MAGNETISM: *cumbakaśaktiḥ.

MAGNETIZE: *cumbakaśaktimantaṃ (tīṃ-t) karoti.

MAGNIFICENCE:
     1 śrīḥ (?);
     2 tejas (?);
     3 pratāpaḥ (?);
     4 mahiman. (m (= greatness).

MAGNIFICENT:
     1 rociṣṇu (mfn.): v. Splendid;
     2 tejasvin (f. ); v. Fiery;
     3 mahat (f. ): v. Great;
     4 śrīmat (f. ): v. Beautiful.

MAGNIFICENTLY: expr. by adj. in comp. or by circumlo., m. dressed: ujjvalaveṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), Mr.

MAGNIFIER: *bṛṃhaṇayantram.

MAGNIFY: bṛṃhayati (bṛṃh, c. 10.) or by circumlo., it m. ies objects: *anena padārthā bṛhato dṛśyante: v. To enlarge, extol.

MAGNILOQUENCE: uddhatoktiḥ uddhataṃ vacaḥ, Ki.; etc.

MAGNILOQUENT:
     1 uddhataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 pragalbha (f. lbhā);
     3 prauḍha (f. ḍhā).

MAGNITUDE: iyattā: v. Size, extent, greatness.

MAGPIE: kikiḥ (?).

MAHOMETAN:
     I Adj.: mahammadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Subs.: v. Mussulman.

MAID, MAIDEN:
     I A girl: q. v.: kanyā.
     II A virgin: q. v.: kanyā.
     III A maid-servant: ceṭī.

MAIDEN (adj.): Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II New, pure: q. v.: abhinavaḥ (vā vaṃ).

MAIDENLY: kanyakocitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s: v. Becoming.

MAIDENHAIR: a plant: *sukeśī.

MAID-SERVANT:
     1 ceṭī;
     2 paṇyadāsī, D.;
     3 dāsī: v. Slave.

MAIL (subs.):
     I Armour:
     1 varman (n);
     2 kavaca (mn.);
     3 kañcukaḥ;
     4 sannāhaḥ
     5 kaṅkaṭaḥ;
     6 vārabāṇaḥ.
     II Letter (prop., a bag for l.): *patrakoṣaḥ.

MAILED:
     1 varmitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 daṃśitaḥ (tā taṃ), saṃ- pari-;
     3 sannaddha (f. ddhā).

MAIM (v.):
     1 vikalīkaroti;
     2 vyaṅgīkaroti (= to mutilate). M. ed.:
     1 vikalāṅga (f. ṅgī);
     2 vyaṅga (f. ṅgī);
     3 durbalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= weak).

MAIN (subs.):
     I Strength: q. v.
     II The ocean: mahāsamudraḥ.
     III Mainland: q. v.
     IV A pipe. Ph.: for the m., in the m.: v. Mainly.

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Main (adj.): mukhya (f. khyā): v. Chief, principal.

Mainland: mahādeśaḥ: v. Continent.

MAINLY:
     1 pradhānataḥ;
     2 prādhānyenaḥ v. Principally.

MAINPRIZE: prātibhāvyena muktiḥ. Writ of m.: prātibhāvyena mocananideśaḥ (?).

MAINSAIL: mukhyavātavasanam (?) and sim. comp.s.

MAINSPRING: Fig.: nidānam: v. Chief, cause.

MAINTAIN:
     I To hold: q. v.: dharati (dhṛ, c. 1.).
     II To keep, defend: rakṣati (rakṣ, c l.).
     III To continue: q. v.
     IV To support: bharati or bimarti saṃ-, (bhṛ, c. 1. and 3.), daughters should be m. ed till marriage: duhitaraḥ pariṇayanaṃ yāvadbhartavyāḥ, Da.
     IV To affirm and defend:
     1 bharati or bibharti (?);
     2 bravīti (brū, c. 2 (= to assert: q. v.).

MAINTAINABLE:
     1 saṃdhārya (f. ryā);
     2 rakṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 martavya (f. vyā): for dif.: v. To maintain.

MAINTAINER: bhartṛ (f. rtrī) (= supporter) or by verb.

MAINTENANCE:
     I Holding: dhāraṇam -saṃ.
     II Defence: rakṣā.
     III Support:
     1 bharaṇam;
     2 bhṛtiḥ.
     III Means of support:
     1 vṛttiḥ;
     2 grāsācchādanam (= food and clothing: as for wives), Da.

MAIZE: madhūlī (?), Bha.; bhuṭṭā and junāra in modern dialects.

MAJOR: Ph.: m. premise:
     1 udāharaṇam;
     2 pūrvapakṣaḥ. M. (in the army): *adhigulmapatiḥ.

MAJOR-DOMO: kāryādhīśaḥ: v. Steward.

MAJORITY:
     I The greater number:
     1 by bahu (f. hnī) (= great m.): v. Many.;
     2 by aneka-, the m. was for acquittal: *aneke muktimanumenire.
     II Full age: vayas (n.). One who has attained his m.: prāptavyavahāraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Major's rank: *adhigulmapatitvam.

MAKE (v. t.):
     I To construct:
     1 karoti or kurute (kṛ, c. 8.), to m. a bridge: setuṃ karoti, Mah.;
     2 vidadhāti or vidhatte (dhā, c. 3.), to m. a town: puraṃ vidhatte, Ki.
     II To form, fabricate:
     1 karoti, with made delights: kṛtakānandaiḥ; m. a bed: śayyāṃ karoti;
     2 vidadhāti, that I made friendship with him: yadanena saha maitrī vihitā, P. i. 10.
     III To appoint:
     1 karoti, who made him king: kenāsau rājā kṛtaḥ, H.;
     2 vidadhāti, m. ing friend guards: vidhāya rakṣān paritaḥ paretarān, Ki.
     IV To do:
     1 karoti, to m. effort: udyamaṃ karoti; to m. peace: sandhiṃ karoti, Ve.; to m. a sound: śabdaṃ karoti, P.; to m. account of: gaṇanāṃ karoti; to m. bold: sāhasaṃ karoti; to m. doubt: sandehaṃ karoti; to m. an oath: śapathaṃ karoti, D.; m. s suit to: ārādhanāṃ karoti (with gen.); m. use of: prayogaṃ karoti;
     2 vidadhāti, to m. abode: vasatiṃ vidadhāti, Ch.
     V To gain: karoti, m. ing a lac of money: lakṣasaṃkhyāni dhanāni kṛtvā, H. iv.
     VI To cause:
     1 by causal verb, to m. (to) revolve: bhrāmayati,
     V p.; to m. (to) believe: viśvāsayati, Ki.;
     2 kārayati (c. of kṛ), as I have made their friendship: yathānayoḥ sauhārdaṃ mayā kāritam, H. VII. To compel: q. v.
     VIII To m. up: q. v.
     IX To arrive at: q. v.
     X To pass: gacchati (gam, c. l.), to m. a distance: adhvānaṃ gacchati, K. XI. To represent: q. v.
     XII To become: bhavati, m. merry: hṛṣṭo bhavati, Ph.: a made man: vṛddhiṃ gato naraḥ; m. much of: bahu bhanyate; m. light of: laghu manyate tṛṇāya manyate; m. way: śrantaraṃ dadāti (to give way) or sthānaṃ karoti (to clear the way); m. free with: vinā saṅkocena vyavaharati.

MAKE (v. i.):
     I To move: q. v.
     II To become: q. v.: bhavati, m. against: pratikūlo bhavati; m. bold: sāhasaṃ karoti.
     III With, as if = to pretend: bhāvayati (c. of bhū), D. ii.
     IV To increase: q. v.

MAKE AWAY WITH: utsādayati (c. of sad): v. To do away.

MAKE FOR:
     I To move towards: q. v.
     II To favour: q. v.

MAKE GOOD:
     I To maintain, fulfil: rakṣati saṃ-, (rakṣ, c. l.).
     II To make compensation for: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).

MAKE OUT:
     I To discover: nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     II To prove, establish: q. v.: pratipādayati (c. of pad).

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MAKE OVER: samarpayati (c. of ): v. To deliver, convey.

MAKE UP:
     I To collect: saṅkalayati (kal, c. 10.).
     II To complete: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).
     III To compensate for: pūrayati.
     IV To determine: q. v.: one who has made up his mind: kṛtamati (mfn.).
     V To reconcile: saṃ-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.).

MAKE UP TO: upagacchati (gam, c. 1.): v. To approach.

MAKE (subs.): ākṛti: v. Shape, form.

MAKE-PEACE: peace-maker: v. Peace, maker.

MAKE-WEIGHT: kṛtamānam (?) (after pratimānam of V. s.).

MAKER:
     I In gen. sense:
     1 kāraḥ in comp. or kārakaḥ (best equiv.). Chariot-m.: rathakāraḥ, P.; coarse-ctoth m.: sthūlapaṭṭakārakaḥ, P.;
     2 kṛt (mfn.) in comp, m. of the world: viśvakṛt, Ch.;
     3 kartṛ (m (rare), m. of bows and arrows: dhanuḥśarāṇāṃ kartā, M. II. The creator: q. v.
     1 vidhātṛ (m.);
     2 dhātṛ (m.), m. of all: sarvasya dhātā, Ku. ii. 3.

MAKING (subs.): kṛtiḥ (in all senses): v. To make.

MALACHITE: *haritatāmram; malakūṭam; aṅgārasārāmlasaṃśliṣṭaṃ tāmram.

MALADMINISTRATION: kuśāsanam (?): v. Administration, bad.

MALADY: āmayaḥ: Disease.

MALAPROPOS: asthāne: v. Unseasonably.

MALARIA: *mārivātaḥ.

MALARIOUS: *mārivātajaḥ (jā jaṃ); mārivātaduṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), etc.

MALCONTENT, -ED:
     1 asantuṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. Discontented;
     2 viraktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ): v. Seditious.

MALE (adj.):
     I To indicate males:
     1 expr. by the m. gender, a m. tiger: vyāghraḥ;
     2 puṃ-, in comp. (rare), a m. cuckoo: puṃskokilaḥ, Ku.
     II Belonging to a m.:
     1 puṃ-, female and. m. union: strīpuṃsaṃyogaḥ, N. s.;
     2 the m. organ: puruṣāṅgam.

MALE (subs.):
     1 pumān, of the m. and the female: strīpuṃsayoḥ, D.;
     2 puruṣaḥ. N.B. When standing for a m. animal, better expr. by the word itself, she said to the m.: sā ṭiṭṭibhamūce, P.

MALEDICTION: śāpaḥ: v. Curse.

MALEFACTOR: pātakin (f. ): v. Criminal, guilty.

MALEFICENT: parāpakārin (f. ṇī): v. Beneficent.

MALEVOLENCE:
     1 hiṃsā;
     2 drohabaddhiḥ.

MALEVOLENT:
     1 hiṃsāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 drohabuddhi (mfn.).

MALEVOLENTLY: expr. by adj.

MALFORMATION: v. Formation, ill.

MALICE:
     1 hiṃsā;
     2 drohabuddhiḥ.

MALICIOUS:
     1 hiṃsāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 drohabuddhi (mfn.).

MALICIOUSNESS: drohabuddhitā: v. Malice.

MALIGN (adj.):
     I Malignant: q. v.
     II Unpropitious: aśubha (f. bhā).

MALIGN (v.):
     1 vi-dveṣṭi (dviṣ, c. 2.): v. To hate.;
     2 apavadati (vad, c. l.): v. To defame.

MALIGNANT:
     I Malevolent:
     1 drohabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 vidveṣamāvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Unpropitious: aśubhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

MALIGNANTLY:
     1 drohabuddhyā;
     2 paramadveṣeṇa.

MALIGNER: expr. by verb.

MALIGNITY:
     1 drohabuddhiḥ abhi-;
     2 paramadveṣaḥ.

MALLEABILITY: tāḍanavardhanīyatā (??).

MALLEABLE: tāḍanavardhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (??).

MALLET:
     1 mudgaraḥ;
     2 ghanaḥ (??).

MALLOW: *mālavaḥ; gulmaprabhedaḥ.

MALPRACTICE: duśceṣṭitam: v. Misdeed.

MALT: yavaḥ (comp. yāvā, Bengali), m.-liquor: yavasuram.

MALTREAT:
     1 viprakaroti, m. ed by Tāraka: tārakeṇa viprakṛtāḥ, Ku. ii. 1.;
     2 khalīkaroti, this gambler is m. ed by the gambling-master: ayaṃ dyūtakaraḥ sabhikena khalīkriyate, Mr. ii.;
     3 kadarthayati (nomi.), Vi. vi. 29.

MALTREATMENT:
     1 khalīkaraṇam;
     2 kadarthanā;
     3 by verb.

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MALVERSATION: durācāraḥ (?): v. Peculation.

MAMMA: ambā: v. Mother.

MAMMAL: *stanandhayaḥ.

MAMMON:
     I Wealth: q. v.: dhanam.
     II Its god: kuberaḥ.

MAMMOTH:
     I Subs.: *mamantaḥ; pūrvakālīnahastiviśeṣaḥ.
     II Adj.: v. Gigantic.

MAN (subs.):
     I A human being:
     1 manuṣyaḥ, rise and fall of men: pātotpātā manuṣyāṇām, H.;
     2 mānuṣaḥ, always inaccessible to men: agamyo mānuṣaiḥ sadā, Mah.;
     3 naraḥ, but m. endowed with intellect: narāstu buddhisampannāḥ, Mah.; m-stealer: narahartā, Mit.;
     4 mānavaḥ, m.-god: mānavadevaḥ, R. xiv. 32.;
     5 nṛ (m.), m.eater: nṛbhuj (mfn.), B. N.B. (a) of m.: mānuṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ): v. Human.; (b) old m., young m, etc. gen. expr. by adj., consisting chiefly of young men: yuvaprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ), C.; (c) a m. of straw: akiñcanaḥ, Ku.: (d) he is his own m.: ayaṃ svādhīnaḥ, K. II. The human species: expr. by above words, gen. in. pl.
     III As opposed to child: mānuṣaḥ, when he became a m.: yadā sa mānuṣo'bhavat (comp. Beng.).
     IV One of manly qualities:
     1 puruṣaḥ, how can the appellation m. (be applied) to him: puruṣoktiḥ kathaṃ tasmin, Ki. xi. 71.; great m.: mahāpuruṣaḥ, U.;
     2 pumān, he who has money is a m. in this world: yasyārthāḥ sa pumān loke, H. V. As opposed to woman, wife:
     1 puruṣaḥ, men are treacherous hard-hearted: puruṣāḥ kṛtavnāḥ kaṭhinahṛdayāḥ, Vet. 3.; did she desire other men: kimanayā parapuruṣo'bhilaṣitaḥ, P. i. 4.;
     2 pumān (v. Male), better impotence in men: varaṃ klaivyaṃ puṃsām, H. VI. An attendant, servant:
     1 mānuṣaḥ,
     2 puruṣaḥ, king's men: rājapuruṣāḥ, P. VII. In chess:
     1 śāraḥ;
     2 naraḥ. Ph.: m.-of-war: yuddhapotaḥ.

MAN (v.):
     I Lit.: puruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti; manuṣyān, etc. sthāpayati (c. of sthā) (with loc.).
     II Fig.: v. To strengthen.

MANACLE (subs.):
     1 hastabandhanam, and sim. comp.s. (?);
     2 hastapāśaḥ (?).

MANACLE (v.):
     1 badhnāti (bandh, c. 9 (= to fasten);
     2 nigaḍayati (nomi (= to fetter).

MANAGE:
     I To administer: nirvāhayati (c. of vah).
     II To direct, control:
     1 vinayati (, c. 1 (?);
     2 cālayati (c. of cal) (?).
     III To train: vinayati.

MANAGEABLE: vineyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Docile, teachable.

MANAGEMENT:
     I Conduct, carrying on:
     1 nirvāhaḥ;
     2 śāsanam (= government).
     II Skilful practice: kauśalam (?).

MANAGER:
     I In gen.: nirvāhakaḥ (?).
     II Of the stage:
     1 sūtradhāraḥ;
     2 māriṣaḥ (in addressing).
     III A skilful handler: expr. with kuśalaḥ (lā laṃ) (with loc.).

MANDARIN: mantrin (m.). M. language: prākṛtacīnamāṣā (?); m. duck: *cīnakādambaḥ.

MANDATE (subs.): ājñā: v. Command, order.

MANDIBLE: hanuḥ: v. Jaw.

MANDRAGORA, MANDRAKE: latāviśeṣaḥ.

MANE:
     1 keśa(sa)raḥ, with the lustre of the hair of the m.: keśarakeśaraśmibhiḥ, N.;
     2 saṭā, a flowing m.: saṭācchaṭā, Si. M. d.: i. e. having m.: keśarin (f. ṇī).

MANES: pretāḥ (m. pl.); pitaraḥ (m. pl. = ancestors).

MANFUL, MANFULLY, MANFULNESS: v. Manly, manliness.

MANGE: paśūnāṃ kaṇḍūḥ -rogaḥ: v. Itch (I).

MANGER:
     1 droṇī;
     2 gavādanī (for cows).

MANGINESS:
     1 kaṇḍūlatā (?);
     2 kacchuratā (?).

MANGLE (subs.): vastraparimārjanī.

MANGLE (v.):
     I To lacerate, back:
     1 vyavacchinatti (chid, c. 7.);
     2 vinikṛntati (kṛt, c. l.). M. d.:
     1 kṣatavikṣataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 chinnabhinnaḥ (nnā nnaṃ).
     II To smooth with a m.: *vastraparimārjanyā ślakṣṇīkaroti.

MANGO: āmram. M.-tree: āmraḥ cūtaḥ (poet). M.- fool: dugdhatālīyam.

MANGO-FISH: tapasvin (m.), -matsyaḥ.

MANGOSTEEN: *maṅguṣṭham, (the m. for the tree).

MANGY:
     1 kacchuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 kaṇḍūlaḥ (lā laṃ).

MANHOOD:
     I Human nature:
     1 bhanuṣyatvam;
     2 mānuṣatā.
     II Puberty:
     1 yauvanam (= youth);
     2 vayaḥ (= age);
     3 by mānuṣaḥ (?).
     III Manliness: pauruṣam.

MANIA:
     II Madness: q. v.
     II Great passion: mahāvyasanam.

MANIAC: vātulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Mad.

MANICHEAN: *māṇikānuvartin (f. ), and sim. comp.s.

MANIFEST (adj.):
     1 spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 prakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ) V.: v. Evident.

MANIFEST (v.): prakāśayati (c. of kāś): v. Evident, to make.

MANIFESTATION:
     I The act: prakāśanam.
     II The state:
     1 prakāśaḥ;
     2 āvirbhāvaḥ (= appearing).

MANIFESTLY: prakāśam: v. Evidently, clearly.

MANIFESTO: perh. vijñāpanapatram: v. Proclamation.

MANIFOLD:
     I Various:
     1 nānāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     2 vividhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     3 bahuvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ);
     4 bahuprakāraḥ (rā raṃ); etc.
     II Lit.: bahuvārān or anekavārān (adv.).

MANIPLE:
     I Handful: muṣṭiḥ.
     II A band: dalam.

MANIPULATE: hastaṃ cālayati (c. of cal) (with loc (?).

MANIPULATION:
     1 hastacālanam (?);
     2 laghuhastatā (= dexterity).

MANKIND:
     1 by pl. manuṣyāḥ etc.: v. Man.;
     2 mānavajātiḥ, etc.

MANLINESS:
     1 puruṣatvam;
     2 pauruṣam;
     3 pauruṣeyatā.

MANLY (adv.):
     I Human: q. v.
     II Opposed to womanly:
     1 puruṣa- in comp., m. act: puruṣakāraḥ, H.;
     2 pauruṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ);
     3 pauruṣeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

MANLY (adv.):
     1 pauruṣeṇa;
     2 puruṣavat.

MANNA:
     I Of the Bible: *svarannam.
     II Of the bamboo: vaṃśaro(lo)canā.

MANNER:
     I Way: rītiḥ. Ph.: in this m.: anena prakāreṇa: v. Thus.; in what m.: kena prakāreṇaḥ v. How.; in the same m.: tena prakāreṇa: v. So.
     II Custom: q. v.: ācāraḥ, the good m.s: sadācāraḥ; bad m.s.: durācāraḥ.
     III Sort, kind: q. v.: prakāraḥ. Ph.: in a m.: bhāvataḥ (= in purport) or kathañcit (= somewhat).

MANNERED: gen. in comp.: śīlavat (f. ): v. Conduct.

MANNERISM: dharaṇam (used in Bengali).

MANNERLY: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Civil, polite,

MANIKIN, MANNIKIN: māṇavakaḥ (?); vāmanaḥ.

MANCEUVRE (subs):
     I Military arrangement: yānaprakāraḥ, Ka. xviii. 68.
     II Intrigue, stratagem: kauśalam.

MANOEUVRE (v.): expr. by subs.

MANOR: *beraṇabhūmiḥ.

MANSE:
     1 dhāman (n.);
     2 veśman (n.): v. House.

MANSION:
     1 harmyam;
     2 mandiram;
     3 saudham;
     4 sadman (n.). Lunar m.: nakṣatram.

MANSLAUGHTER: narahatyā: v. Murder.

MANTELET, MANTLET: tanutrāṇam (?).

MANTEL-PIECE: *agnisthānaprāvāraḥ.

MANTLE (subs.):
     I Lit.: prāvāraḥ: v. Cloak.
     II Fig.: dhur (f.).

MANTLE (v.): prāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To cover.

MANUAL (subs.): upakramaṇikā.

MANUAL (adj.): hasta- in comp., under sign m.: kṛtahastacihna (f. hnā).

MANUFACTORY: śilpaśālā; gen. with śālā or gṛham with particular worker.

MANUFACTURE (subs.):
     I The operation: nirmāṇam (= making) (?).
     II The thing: śilpadravyam (?).

MANUFACTURE (v.): nirmimīte (, c. 3.): v. To make.

MANUFACTURER: śilpakāraḥ (?); better by circumlo.

MANUMISSION:
     1 mokṣaḥ -ṇam pari- vi-;
     2 muktiḥ (?).

MANUMIT: mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.): v. To emancipate, liberate.

MANURE (subs.): sāraḥ (used in vernacular).

MANURE (v.): sāraṃ dadāti (, c. 3 (comp.) vern.), well m.d: *dattasusāraḥ (rā raṃ); sāravat (f. ).

MANUSCRIPT: hastalikhitaṃ pustakam.

MANY (adj.):
     1 bahu (also f. bahvī) (best equiv.), after good m. days: subahudivasāpagame, K.; great m. advantages: bahutara upakāraḥ, Viv; by not very m. attendants: nātibahunā parijanena, K.; killing very m. monkeys: vānarān bahuśo hatvā, A. r.; bring m. of these: bahūnīmānyupāhara, Mah.; very m. rivers: bahutarasaritaḥ, Mat.; m.headed, etc.: bahuśiras (mfn.), etc.;
     2 aneka or naikaḥ (kā kaṃ), m. thousands of Gandharvas: anekāni gandharvasahastrāṇi, Kar.;
     3 bhūyas (f. ), by m. little (things): bhūyobhiḥ kṣudraiḥ, A. r.;
     4 analpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), etc (= not few).

MANY, AS: yāvat (f. ), but as m. as they were in war: te tu yāvanta evājau, R. xii. 45.

MANY, HOW:
     1 kati, (mfn.), h. m. years.: kati varṣāṇi, A.r.;
     3 kiyat (f. ), and in h. m. days: kiyadbhirvā divasaiḥ, K. Ph.: h. m. times: katiśaḥ or kati vārān or kiyato vārān.

MANY, SO:
     I Absol.:
     1 iyat (f. ), so m. years: iyanti varṣāṇi, R.;
     2 etāvat (f. ), so m. days: etāvato divasān, U. i.
     II In connection with: yāvat tāvat (f. ), so m. he appeared to them: tāvāñca dadṛśe sa taiḥ, R. xii. 45.

MANY-SIDED:
     I Lit.: bahubhujaḥ (jā jaṃ).
     II Fig.: v. Manifold.

MAP (subs.): *mānacitram.

MAP (v.): abhi-likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     II To describe: varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.).
     III To mark: cihnayati.

MAPLE: phalaviśeṣe tadṭakṣe ca.

MAR:
     1 hanti (han, c. 2.): v. To destroy;
     2 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To spoil: v. Also to disfigure.

MARAUD (v.): abhidravati (dru, c. l (?).

MARAUDER: abhidravakārin (f. ṇī) (?); upadravin (f. ṇī) (?).

MARBLE (subs.): *marmaraḥ marmaropalaḥ; etc.

MARBLE (v.): *marmarayati (nomi.); citrīkaroti, m.-edged: citradhāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

MARCH (subs.):
     I The month: uttaraphālgunapūrvacaitrasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasya tṛtīyo māsaḥ.
     II Journey:
     1 yātrā (also fig.), obstructor of the m. of the world: lokayātrāvighātakaḥ, Mah.;
     2 yānam pra-, broke off m. ing. for three nights: trirātraṃ prayāṇabhaṅgamakarot, P.;
     3 prasthānam (= setting out on a m.), just ascertain a day proper for our m.: nirūpyatāṃ tāvadasmākaṃ prasthānayogyadivasaḥ, Mu. iv.
     II As measure of distance:
     1 prayāṇam -kam, followed a few m. es: katicitprayāṇakānyanuvavrāja, C. v.;
     2 adhvan (m (= way), after three m. es: adhvasu triṣu, R. xi. 57.

MARCH (v.): yāti pra- abhi- abhipra-, (, c. 2.), let the whole army m.: prayātu vāhinī sarvā, A. r.;
     2 vrajati abhi-, (vraj, c. l.); should m. against an enemy, drawing up the forces in battle-array: balaṃ vyūhya dviṣato'bhimukhaṃ vrajet, Ka. xviii. 2.;
     3 calati saṃ- ut (cal, c. 1.) (= to move), the great army m. ed: mahācamūścacāla, Ki.;
     4 pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l (= to start), m. ed by land: pratasthe sthalavartmanā, R. iv. 60.

MARCH (v.t.):
     1 nayati (, c. l (= to lead: q. v.);
     2 expr. by intrans.

MARCHES: prāntāḥ (m. pl.): v. Boundary.

MARCHING (subs.):
     1 prayāṇam;
     2 prasthānam: v. March (II).

MARCHIONESS: *nāyikā; mārkṣī.

MARE:
     1 vāmī;
     2 vaḍavā;
     3 ghoṭakī;
     4 aśvā;
     5 hayī.

MARGIN: dhāraḥ: v. Also edge, border.

MARGINAL: dhāre likhitaḥ or dhāralikhitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

MARGINALLY: dhāre dhārataḥ (?).

MARGRAVE: sāmantaḥ (??). M. ine: sāmantavadhūḥ (?).

MARIGOLD: *pītapuṣpā; latāviśeṣaḥ.

MARINE (adj.):
     1 sāmudra (f. drī);
     2 sāmudrika (f. ); etc.

MARINE (subs.): *potayodhaḥ and sim. comp.s.

MARINER: nāvikaḥ: v. Sailor.

MARITAL: vivāha- in comp.: v. Matrimonial.

MARITIME: sāmudrika (f. ): v. Also naval.

MARJORAM: āmalakaḥ -kī (? comp. Lat. amarcus).

MARK (subs.):
     I A sign, character: cihnam, m. of one condemned to death: vadhyacihnam, Na.
     II Characteristic:
     1 cihnam;
     2 lakṣaṇam;
     3 vyañjanam.
     III Butt.: lakṣyam(kṣam), hitting (lit. piercing) the m.: lakṣyabhedaḥ.
     IV A coin: mudrāviśeṣaḥ. Ph.: (a man) of m.: labdhavarṇa (f. rṇā); to make a m.: *lakṣaṇaṃ sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

MARK (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 cihnayati (nomi.), pari- -saṃ-, m. ed with one's own hand: svahastaparicihnitaḥ (tā taṃ), Y. ii. 95.;
     2 cihnaṃ karoti, Si.;
     3 aṅkayati (with lines, etc.), m. ed by the ocean: sāgarāṅkitā (mahī), Mah.
     II To indicate: q. v.: sūcayati.
     III To attend to, regard: q. v.: lakṣayati abhi- upa- saṃ-, (lakṣ, c. 10.).

MARK OUT:
     I Lit.: cihnayati: v. Also to measure.
     II To point out, designate: q. v.: cihnayati.

MARKER: expr. by verb.

MARKET (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 haṭṭaḥ, in every m.place: pratihaṭṭapathe, N.;
     2 vipaṇiḥ (any place for sale).
     II In wider sense: expr. with paṇāyaḥ: v. Also sale.
     III Price: q. v.: mūlyam.

MARKET (v.): paṇāyate (nomi.): v. To buy, sell.

MARKETABLE: paṇya (f. ṇyā): v. Saleable.

MARKET-DAY:
     1 haṭṭavāraḥ;
     2 haṭṭadinam;
     3 haṭṭadivasaḥ.

MARKET-PLACE: haṭṭasthānam etc.: v. Market (I)

MARKET-TOWN: pattanam: v. Town.

MARKING (subs.): m. ink: *akṣaramasī.

MARL: mṛttikāviśeṣaḥ.

MARLINE-SPIKE: kīlaviśeṣaḥ (?); *viṣāṇam.

MARMALADE: *madhukaṣāyaḥ; miṣṭaviśeṣaḥ.

MARMOT: girimūṣikaḥ (?).

MAROON (adj.):
     1 pāṇḍuśoṇa (f. ṇā) (?); ghanāruṇa (f. ṇā) (?).

MARLOT:
     1 mantravighātakaḥ (?);
     2 kāryavighātakaḥ (?).

MARQUE: Ph.: letters of m.: *upadravaśāsanam.

MARQUEE: upakāryā: v. Tent.

MARQUIS, MARQUESS: *nāyakaḥ; mārkṣaḥ.

MARQUISATE: *nāyakatvam; mārkṣatā.

MARRIAGE:
     1 vivāhaḥ, m. dress: vivāhaveṣaḥ, R. vi. 10.; bad m.: kuvivāhaḥ, M. iii. 63.; after celebrating the m. of his after-born sister: anuṣṭhitānantarajāvivāhaḥ, R.; and making him the m. witness: tameva cādhāya vivāhasākṣye, R.;
     2 udvāhaḥ, m. time: udvāhakālaḥ, Vas.; m.-gift: audvāhikam, M.;
     3 pariṇayaḥ, recent m.: navapariṇayaḥ, Ku. vii. 95.; seeing this m.: anayoḥ pariṇayamavalokya, N. xvi. 130.;
     4 upaya(yā)maḥ (rare);
     5 pāṇigrahaḥ -ṇam dāraparigrahaḥ, etc. (= taking a wife). M.-chamber: kautukāgāram, Ku. M.-string:
     1 maṅgalasūtram;
     2 kautukam, R.;
     3 kaṅkaṇam, Vi.

MARRIAGEABLE: vivāhayogya (f. gyā), and sim. comp.s, of m. age: vivāhayogyavayas (mfn.), M. n.; and that his son was of m. condition: dārakriyāyogyadaśañca putram, R. v. 40.

MARRIED (adj.): vivāhitaḥ (tā taṃ). Of men: kṛtodvāhaḥ and sim. expr.s.

MARROW: majjā, m. -place: majjāsthānam, Bha.

MARROW-BONE: majjābahulamasthi (?).

MARROWY: majjābahulaḥ (lā laṃ).

MARRY (v.):
     I To take a wife:
     1 utvahati vi- samut- (vah, c. l.), who m. ies such a girl: yastāṃ samudvahet kanyām, Ph.:
     2 pariṇayati, (, c. l.), when (Śiva) will m. Pārvatī: pariṇeṣyati pārvatīṃ yadā, Ku.;
     3 upayacchate (yam, c. l.), m. ed according to rite and took the girl: vidhivadupayamya kanyāṃ ninye, D.;
     4 pāṇiṃ gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.), (with gen.);
     5 by subs., at the time of m. ing another woman: stryantaravivāhakāle, Mit.
     II To take a husband:
     1 pāṇiṃ grāhayati (c. of grah), without considering this how could I m.: avigaṇayyaitat kathaṃ pāṇiṃ grāhayiṣyāmi, K.;
     2 patiṃ gṛhṇāti pari- prati-, (grah, c. 9.) or yāti upa-, (, c. 2.), or bhartāraṃ sambhāvayati (c. of bhū), R. etc.;
     3 vṛṇīte or varayati (vṛ, c. 9. and 10 (to select).
     III To cause to m.
     1 yojayati saṃ- (yuj, c. 10.), m. ed Rājavāhana with Avantisundarī: rājavāhanenāvantisundarīṃ saṃyojayāmāsa, D.;
     2 pāṇigrahaṇaṃ sampādayati (c. of pad) (with gen.), R.;
     3 vivāhaṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ) (with gen.), M. n.; etc.
     IV To give away in marriage:
     1 dadāti or yacchati pra-, (, c. 3. and l.): v. To give;
     2 grāhayati (c. of grah), could not m. his daughter to the god of gods: devadevaṃ sutāṃ grāhayituṃ na śaśāka, Ku.

MARRY (interj.): satyam: v. Indeed.

MARS:
     I The planet:
     1 maṅgalaḥ;
     2 kujaḥ.
     II The god of war:
     1 kumāraḥ;
     2 kārttikeyaḥ.

MARSH:
     1 kacchaḥ -bhūḥ;
     2 anūpabhūmiḥ; etc.

MARSHAL (subs.):
     I General: balādhyakṣaḥ.
     II In provision etc.: saṃvidhātṛ (f. trī) (?).

MARSHAL (v.): vinyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To arrange, draw up.

MARSHY: anūpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Marsh.

MART: krayavikrayasthānam: v. Market.

MARTEN: nakulajātīyajantubhedaḥ.

MARTIAL: by comp.: v. War, warlike, military.

MARTINET: acalaśāsanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?) and sim. comp.s.

MARTYR: svadharmanyastajīvanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?) and sim. comp.s.

MARTYRDOM: svadharme jīvananyāsaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

MARTYROLOGIST: svadharmanyastajīvanānāṃ jīvanalekhakaḥ (??).

MARTYROLOGY: svadharmanyastajīvanānāṃ vṛttam, etc.

MARVEL: āścaryam: v. Wonder.

MARVELLOUS: āścarya (f. ryā): v. Wonderful.

MARVELLOUSLY: āścaryam: v. Wonderfully.

MASCULINE:
     I Manly, strong: q. v.
     II In gram., male: m. gender: puṃliṅgam; in also m.: puṃsi ca.

MASH (subs.): sampeṣaḥ (?): v. Also mixture.

MASH (v.): sam-pinaṣṭi (piṣa, c. 7.): v. To pound.

MASK (subs.):
     I Lit.: perh. nepathyam; chadmamukham (?).
     II Fig.: chadman (n.): v. Disguise.
     III Masquerade: q. v.

MASK (v.):
     I Lit.: chadmamukhaṃ (?) bibharti (bhṛ, c. 2.), etc.: v. To wear.
     II In gen.: v. To disguise.

MASON:
     1 sudhājīvin (m.);
     2 lepakāraḥ; etc.:
     3 rājaśilpin (m (?) (comp.).

MASONRY: iṣṭakavinyāsaḥ (?); rājaśilpam (?).

MASORETIC, -AL: *māsarīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. deriv.

MASQUERADE: perh. nāṭanṛtyam (comp. naṭuā nāca).

MASQUERADER: chadmamukhadhārin (f. ṇī) (?) and sim. comp.s.

MASS (v.): v. To collect, assemble.

MASS (subs.):
     I A religious service: *nīrājanā, high m.: *saṅgītanīrājanā.
     II A lump: piṇḍa (mn.).
     III A heap: q. v.:
     1 stomaḥ;
     2 puñjaḥ.
     IV A multitude: q. v.: janasamavāyaḥ: v. Bulk, size: q. v.

MASSACRE (subs.):
     1 viśasanam;
     2 saṃhāraḥ: v. Slaughter, murder.

MASSACRE (v.): viśasati (śas, c. l.): v. To slaughter, murder.

MASSE,-EN: expr. by samagra (f. grā): v. Entire, whole.

MASSINESS:
     1 sthūlatā;
     2 bṛhattvam (= largeness).

MASSIVE, MASSIVENESS: v. Massy, massiness.

MASSY:
     1 sthūlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 bṛhat (f. ): v. Large:
     3 pṛthulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Also heavy.

MAST:
     I Of a vessel:
     1 kūpaḥ -kaḥ, the m. of the earth-vessel: kṣauṇīnaukūpadaṇḍaḥ, D.;
     2 guṇavṛkṣakaḥ, m. -head: guṇavṛkṣāgram.
     II A fruit: v. Nut.

MASTER (subs.):
     I Lord: q. v.:
     1 prabhuḥ, who wishing to become the m. of the three worlds: prabhurbubhūṣurbhuvanatrayasya yaḥ, Si. i. 49.; in the absence of my m.: prabhuṇā vinā me, R.;
     2 svāmin (m.) (= owner and with ref. to servants), if a m. were to leave a servant before time: svāmī cedbhṛ takamapūrṇe kāle jahyāt, Mit.;
     3 patiḥ (= husband, guardian), m. of a family: kulapatiḥ;
     4 bhartṛ (m (as opposed to bhṛtya), m.'s pleasure: bhartuḥ paritoṣaḥ, Sa. Ph.: I am not my own m.: nāhamātmanaḥ prabhuḥ or ātmānaṃ niyantuṃ na śaknomi.
     II Manager, director: q. v.: nāyakaḥ, 'm. of the rolls': rājapatranāyakaḥ.
     III A teacher: q. v.: śikṣakaḥ.
     IV An adept: m. of knowledge: vidyānidhiḥ; m. of dialectics: tarkavācaspatiḥ; m. of eloquence: śrīkaṇṭhaḥ; m. of the entire Vedas: vedasamudāyakovidaḥ, D.: v. Proficient.
     V A painter or sculptor: the old m.s: *prācīnacitrakovidāḥ.
     VI In addressing: not expr.: śrīmat (m (in writing).

MASTER (v. t.):
     I To subdue: q. v.: vaśīkaroti.
     II To attain familiarity with:
     1 abhyantarīkaroti, D. ii.;
     2 by subs.: v. Proficiency.

MASTER-BUILDER: pradhānasthapatiḥ and sim. comp.s. (??).

MASTERFUL: prabhutvasūcaka (f. cikā) (?) and sim. comp.s.

MASTER-HAND:
     I Skill: vaicakṣaṇyam.
     II Skilful: vicakṣaṇa (f. ṇā).

MASTERLY:
     1 vicakṣaṇa (f. ṇā): Skilful.;
     2 nirupamaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Incomparable:
     3 utkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Excellent.

MASTERPIECE: apratimakarman (n.) and sim. comp.s.

MASTERSHIP:
     I Lit.: prabhutvam.
     II Mastery: q. v.

MASTER-STROKE:
     1 kauśalam (?);
     2 vidagdhakarman (n (?).

MASTERY:
     I Proficiency: q. v.
     II Dominion, supremacy: q. v.: prabhutvam.
     III Victory: q. v.: jayaḥ.
     IV Eminence: q. v.

MASTICATE: carvati or carvayati (carv, c. l. and 10.).

MASTICATION: carvaṇam. Food requirting m.: carvyam.

MASTIFF: bṛhatkukkurabhedaḥ.

MAT (subs.):
     1 kaṭaḥ;
     2 kiliñjakaḥ (rare);
     3 vaṭaraḥ (rare).

MAT (v.): kaṭena āstṛṇāti (stṝ, c. 9.), etc.: v. To cover. M. ted hair: jaṭā -jūṭaḥ.

MATCH (subs.):
     I An equal: expr. by samaḥ (mā maṃ) etc.: v. To match.
     II A contest: q. v.: yuddham, boxing m.: mallayuddham,
     V p.
     III Marriage: q. v.: ghaṭanā, I will bring about a m. between Vaiśampāyana and Madalekhā: vaiśampāyanasya madalekhayā saha ghaṭanāṃ kārayāmi, K. IV. For kindling: *dīpaśalākā.

MATCH (v.):
     I In gen. sense: expr. by the adj.s sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ); tulyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ); anurūpaḥ (pā paṃ); etc.: a husband to m.: sadṛśa upayantā, R. vii. 1.; the battle was between m. ing combatants: tulyapratidvandvi babhūva yuddham, R. vii. 37.: v. Equal, worthy.
     II To marry:
     1 yojayati (yuj, c. 10.);
     2 samānayati (c. of ), Sa. v.;
     3 ghaṭanāṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ), K.

MATCHLESS:
     1 advitīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 apratimaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Incomparable.

MATCH-MAKER: ghaṭakaḥ.

MATE (subs.):
     I A companion, consort: sahacara (f. ), seeing the m.: sahacarīṃ prekṣya, R. ix. 57.
     II An assistant: sahakārin (f. ṇī).
     III Check. -m.: q. v.

MATE (v.): v. To match.

MATERIAL (adj.):
     I Composed of matter:
     1 bhautikaḥ (kī kaṃ), pāñca- ādhi-;
     2 by comp.
     II Important: q. v.: prāsaṅgikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (?).

MATERIAL (subs.):
     1 sādhanam, m. s being collected: saṃbhṛtasādhanatvāt, R. xvi. 38.;
     2 upakaraṇam, M. n.: v. Thing.

MATERIALISM: perh.: lokāyatam; *viṣayavādaḥ.

MATERIALIST: perh.: lokāyatikaḥ; *viṣayavādin (m.).

MATERIALITY: prāsaṅgikatvam-tā (?): v. Importance.

MATERIALLY:
     1 sārataḥ (= essentially);
     2 yathārthataḥ (really).

MATERNAL:
     1 mātṛkaḥ (kā kaṃ;
     2 mātrya (f. tryā);
     3 better by comp., in m. and m. grandfather's peoperty: mātṛmātāmahe dhane, Vri.

MATHEMATIC, -AL: expr. by comp., m. instruments: *gaṇitayantrāṇi.

MATHEMATICALLY: gaṇitānusāreṇa; gaṇitavidyākrameṇa (?).

MATHEMATICIAN: gaṇitapaṇḍitaḥ-viśāradaḥ -kuśalaḥ, etc.

MATHEMATICS: gaṇitam. Mixed m.: *miśragaṇitam.

MATIN (adj.):
     1 pragetanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 prātaḥkālīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Morning.

MATINS: (pragetanāni) aghamarṣaṇāni (n. pl.).

MATRICIDE:
     I The act:
     1 mātṛhatyā;
     2 mātṛvadhaḥ.
     II The doer:
     1 mātṛghātin (f. );
     2 mātṛhan (mfn.).

MATRICULATE: *praviśati (viś, c. 6.), m. d in the London University: laṇḍanaviśvavidyālayaṃ praviveśa.

MATRICULATION: examination: *prāveśikī parīkṣā.

MATRIMONIAL: vaivāhikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Nuptial.

MATRIMONY: vivāhaḥ: v. Marriage.

MATRON:
     1 kuṭumbinī;
     2 purandhriḥ or -ndhrī, where in every house the m. s were busy: gṛhe gṛhe vyagrapurandhrivargaḥ, Ku. vii. 2.

MATRONLY: expr. by comp. or with words expr. under proper, becoming.

MATTER (v.): expr. with arthaḥ, it does not m. to me....: asmin mamārtho nāsti; it does not m. whether it is caught or not: gṛhītamidaṃ tataḥ kim? atha na gṛhītaṃ tato'pi kim?, K.

MATTER (subs.):
     I Material substance: viṣayaḥ: v. Thing.
     II Essence: q. v.: sāraḥ.
     III Subject:
     1 viṣayaḥ;
     2 vastu (n.).
     IV Affair:
     1 viṣayaḥ;
     2 arthaḥ.
     V Concern: expr. with vartate (vṛt, c. l.), what is the m. with you: kiṃ te vṛttam.
     VI Import, consequence: arthaḥ.
     VII Difficulty, trouble: q. v.
     VIII Pus.: pūyam, Sr.

MATTING (subs.): kaṭaḥ: v. Mat.

MATTOCK:
     1 khanitram (?);
     2 ṭaṅkaḥ (= hatchet).

MATTRESS:
     1 āstaraṇam (gen. term.);
     2 tulikā (of cotton: ?).

MATURE (adj.):
     I Ripe: q. v.: pakva (f. kvā), pari-.
     II Completely worked out: pariṇataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also complete.

MATURE (v.): paripākaṃ nayati (, c. l.): v. To ripen, perfect.

MATURELY:
     1 expr. by adj.:
     2 pariṇatam: v. Also completely.

MATURENESS, MATURITY:
     I Ripeness: pākaḥ pari-.
     II Perfection, completion: q. v.: pariṇāmaḥ.

MATUTINE, MATUTINAL: pragetanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Morning.

MAUDLIN: Drunk, intoxicated: q. v.: kṣīvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Silly, foolish: q. v.: mūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ).

MAUGRE: v. Notwithstanding, in spite of.

MAUL (v.): laguḍena tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.), praharati (hṛ, c. l.), etc.

MAUSOLEUM: *citracūḍam-kam; caityaḥ (?).

MAW: jaṭharaḥ: v. Belly.

MAWKISH:
     1 kutsitaḥ (tā taṃ),
     2 virasaḥ (sā saṃ) (?).

MAWKISHLY:
     1 kutsitam;
     2 virasam (?)

MAWKISHNESS:
     1 kutsitatā;
     2 virasatā (?).

MAXILLARY: hanu- in comp.: v. Jaw.

MAXIM:
     1 sūtram;
     2 vacanam: v. Also proverb.

MAXIMUM: expr. with sarvvocca (f. ccā).

MAY (subs.): uttaravaiśākhapūrvajyaiṣṭhasaṃvādīyurupīyavarṣasya pañcamo māsaḥ.

MAY (v.):
     I = can: q. v.: by vidhiliṅ, you m. carry the burden: tvaṃ bhāraṃ vaheḥ, S. k.
     II Expressing desire or wish:
     1 by āśīrliṅ, m. people live a man's life: jīvyājjanaḥ puruṣāyuṣam, Vi.;
     2 by loṭ, m. you have a good journey: tava vartmani vartatāṃ śivam, N. III. Denoting contingency or liability: by vidhiliṅ, an applicant m. or m. not get fortune: labheta vā prārthayitā na vā śriyam, Sa.; I might have disregarded this wretched life: kuryāmupekṣāṃ hatajīvite'smin, R. Ph.: m. be (= perhaps: q.v.): expr. by vidhiliṅ.

MAY-BUG: gomayotthābhedaḥ.

MAY-DAY: memāsasya prathamadivasaḥ.

MAY-POLE: *menṛtyayūpaḥ.

MAY-QUEEN: *memāseśvarī.

MAYOR: *adhināyakaḥ. M. ess: *adhināyikā.

MAYORALTY: *adhināyakatvam-tā; adhināyakapadam or -adhikāraḥ.

MAZE (subs.): gahanam (?): v. Labyrinth

MAZE (v.): ākulayati: v. To disturb, amaze.

MAZY: gahanaḥ (nā naṃ) (?); ati- su-.

MEAD (subs.):
     I A meadow: q. v.
     II A drink: madhu (n.).

MEADOW
     1 kṣetram (= field);
     2 gopracāraḥ (= pasture land). M. -grass: yavasa (mn). M. -sweet: gulmaprabhedaḥ.

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MEAGRE:
     I Thin, lean: q. v.: kṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ).
     II Scanty, insufficient: svalpa (f. lpā).
     III Wanting in richness:
     1 phalgu (mfn.);
     2 asāraḥ (rā raṃ).

MEAGRELY: i. e. not richly:
     1 phalgu;
     2 asāram.

MEAGRENESS:
     I Leanness: q. v.: kṛśatā.
     II Poorness:
     1 asāratā;
     2 apakṛṣṭatā (= badness).
     III Scantiness: svalpatā.

MEAL (subs.):
     I Flour: q. v.: cūrṇam.
     II A repast:
     1 bhojanam, one day taking a m. at night: ekāhaṃ rātribhojanaḥ, Pa.;
     2 bhaktam, one day taking one m.: ekāham ekamaktāśī, Pa. M. time: bhojanavelā.

MEALINESS: cūrṇamayatā etc.: v. Mealy.

MEALY:
     I Consisting of meal: cūrṇamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) etc.
     II Like meal: cūrṇasadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), etc.
     III Soft: q. v.: mṛdu (f. dvī), m.-mouthed: mṛdubhāṣin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.

MEAN (subs.):
     I The middle point or place: madhyam by adj.
     II Instrument: upakaraṇam: v. Means.

MEAN (v.):
     I To intend: q. v.: abhipraiti (i, c. 2.).
     II To indicate: q. v.: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.).
     III To denote, signify: expr. with arthaḥ, I will call the mistress and ascertain what (all this) really m.s: kuṭumbinīṃ śabdāyya paramārthaṃ jñāsyāmi, Mr. i.

MEAN (adj.):
     I Middle, intermediate: q. v.: madhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ), m. deviation: madhyavikṣepaḥ, Su. i. 70. Ph.: in the m. time: atrāntare, C. II. Low in rank or birth:
     1 nikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 apakṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ).
     III Base, contemptible: q. v.: jaghanyaḥ (nyā nyaṃ).

MEAN-SPIRITED:
     1 laghucetas (mfn.);
     2 kṣudramānasaḥ (sā saṃ), B. v. 40.

MEANDER (v.): expr. by kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ), vakra (f. krā), etc. (= crooked: q. v.); the river m.s for a kroś: krośaṃ kuṭilā nadī, S. k.

MEANDER, MEANDERING (subs.): kṛṭilatā etc.: v. Crookedness.

MEANING:
     I Signification: arthaḥ, of double m.: dvyarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ); this is its m.: asyāyamarthaḥ, Da.: v. Sense (IV.).
     II Intention, purpose: q. v.: abhiprāyaḥ.

MEANINGLESS:
     1 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 anarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     3 arthahīnaḥ (nā naṃ).

MEANINGLY:
     1 sārtham;
     2 sākūtam;
     3 sāmiprāyam.

MEANLY:
     I Humbly: m. born: apajātaḥ (tā taṃ); m. clad: kṛpaṇaveṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), etc.
     II Dishonourably: nīcam or nīca- in comp.
     III Moderately: nādhikam.

MEANNESS:
     I Lowness:
     1 nikṛṣṭatā;
     2 apakṛṣṭatā.
     II Poorness, niggardliness: kṛpaṇatā or kārpaṇyam.

MEANS:
     I Fortune, income: q. v.: vibhavaḥ.
     II Instrument: sādhanam. Ph.: by all m.: sarvathā; by no m.: sarvathā .. na; by any m.: kenāpi prakāreṇa, etc.

MEANWHILE:
     1 atrāntare, K.;
     2 ityevakāle, Vet.

MEASLES: pāṇiśītalā (?), Bha. iv.

MEASURABLE:
     1 meyaḥ (yā yaṃ), pra- pari-;
     2 māpya (pyā) (rare).

MEASURE (subs.):
     I Standard for m. ing: mānam, all m.s of weight: sarvaṃ tulāmānam; m. of capacity: pratimānam, M. viii. 403.; cubic hand m.: ghanahastamānam, Li.
     II A m.; mānam, hundred m.s of a crop: śasyasya mānaśatam, Li.
     III Fig.: a rule for judging: mānam pra-.
     IV Size or extent:
     1 bhānam pari-, (rarely) pra-; exact or rough m. of a diameter: sūkṣmaṃ sthūlaṃ vā vyāsamānam, Li.;
     2 mitiḥ pari-, Li. V. Means, plan: q. v.:
     1 upāyaḥ, to take m. s: upāyam avalabhbate;
     2 prayogaḥ (= active m.), employed hostile m.s: pāragrāmikān prayogān prāyuṃkta, D. iv.
     VI Metre: q. v.: chandas (n.).
     VII In music: layaḥ, steps are in m.: pādanyāso layamupagataḥ, Mal. ii. 8.
     VIII In pl., beds or strata: bhūmiḥ. Ph.: in m.: parimitam; beyond m.: atimātram; drying in some m.: mātrayā viśoṣya, D. vi.

MEASURE (v. i.): māti pari-, (, c. 2.), m. ing 8 cubits in length: karāṣṭakamitā dairghye, Li.; did not m. in the sky: na mamau namastale, Si. xiv. 75.

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MEASURE (v. t.):
     1 māti or mimīte pari-, (, c. 2. and 3.), m.d (her) eyes with their eyes: tadīyairnayanairlocane'mimīta, Ku. v. 15.; you cannot be m.d but the world is m.d by you: ameyo mitalokastvam, R. x. 18.; the middle is m.d with the hand: madhyaḥ pāṇimitaḥ, Mal. ii. 3.;
     2 māpayati (c. of ) (lit.), when the heap of a crop is m.d: rāśau śasyasya māpite, Li.; m.d (in music), -śliṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Mr. iii. 5.: v. Measure (VII).

MEASURELESS:
     1 ameyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 aprameyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 aparimeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

MEASUREMENT:
     I Measuring: māpaḥ -nam.
     II Area: mānam: v. Measure (IV).

MEASURER: māpakaḥ pari-.

MEASURING (subs.): mānam pari-, m. rod: mānadaṇḍaḥ, Ku. i. 1.: v. To measure.

MEAT:
     I Food: q.v.: āmiṣam.
     II Animal:
     1 māṃsam;
     2 āmiṣam.

MECHANIC (subs.):
     1 śilpin (m.);
     2 śilpakāraḥ;
     3 śilpikaḥ.

MECHANIC, -AL (adj.):
     I Lit.: yantra- in comp., m. contrivance: yantrasādhanam (?).
     II Done as if by a machine:
     1 expr. with yantravat (?);
     2 saṃskāracālitaḥ (tā taṃ) (??).
     III Belonging to artisans:
     1 śilpi- etc. in comp.;
     2 by gen.

MECHANICALLY:
     1 by saṃskāracālitaḥ (tā taṃ) (??);
     2 na buddhipūrvam etc., (= not intentionally).

MECHANICIAN: *balavijñānaviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ), etc.

MECHANICS: *balavijñānam; balānāṃ gatyādivijñānam.

MECHANISM: *yantrasaṃvidhānam and sim. comp.s.

MECHANIST: yantrakāraḥ: v. Also mechanician.

MEDAL: *pāritoṣikamudrā; puraskāramudrā; and sim. comp.s.

MEDALIST:
     I One who has gained a m.: *puraskāramudrābhṛt (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.
     II One skilled in it.: *puraskāramudrākuśalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MEDALLION: *mahāmudrā.

MEDDLE (v.): parādhikāracarcā karoti: v. To Interfere.

MEDDLER: expr. by verb. or circumlo.

MEDDLING, MEDDDLESOME (adj.): parakāryābhiyuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (?); better by circumlo.

MEDIAEVAL: madhyakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Also indirect.

MEDIATE (v.):
     I Intrans: sandhiṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ).
     II Trans: ghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ).

MEDIATELY:
     1 vyavadhānena;
     2 antareṇa.

MEDIATION: expr. by mediator: q. v.

MEDIATOR:
     1 madhyastha (f. sthā);
     2 madhyavartin (f. ).

MEDIATORIAL: expr. by comp.: v. Belonging to.

MEDICAL: i. e. pertaining to medicine: expr. by comp., m. work: vaidyakaśāstram: v. Also medicinal.

MEDICALLY: vaidyakaśāstrānusāreṇa; vaidyakopacāreṇa.

MEDICAMENT: v. Medicine (I).

MEDICATE:
     1 auṣadhaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.);
     2 bheṣajaṃ karoti (with gen.), Mah.

MEDICINAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 auṣadhīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 bhaiṣajaḥ (jī jaṃ).

MEDICINALLY:
     I As a medicine: expr. with auṣadham etc.: v. Medicine.
     II To heal: upacārāya.

MEDICINE:
     I A medical remedy:
     1 auṣadham (lit. and fig.), m. is good for the sick: vyādhitasyauṣadhaṃ pathyam, H.; in all distress there is no m. like wife: na ca bhāryāsamaṃ kiñcidauṣadhaṃ sarvakṛcchreṣu, Mah.;
     2 bheṣajam or bhaiṣajyam, this is your m. (antidote): bheṣajamidaṃ te, P. iii. 10.; as in very strong m.s: ativīryavatīva bheṣaje, Ki. ii. 4.;
     3 agadaḥ (rare), is not m. drunk: agadaḥ kiṃ na pīyate, H. II. The art or theory:
     1 āyurvedaḥ (= Hindu m.), teach us m.: āyurvedamasmānadhyāpayatu, Bha.;
     2 cikitsā, well up in m. in its eight branches: cikitsāyāmaṣṭāṅgāyāṃ viśāradāḥ, Mah.;
     3 vaidyakam, A. p.

MEDIOCRE: sāmānya (f. nyā) (= common: q. v.).

MEDIOCRITY: expr. by sāmānya (f. nyā), m. of success: sāmānyasiddhiḥ.

MEDITATE:
     I To cogitate: dhyāyati anu- saṃ- abhi- pra-, (dhyai, c. l.): v. To think.
     II To contrive: intend:
     1 saṃkalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.);
     2 dhyāyati (?), m. it: tad dhyāyasva, Mah. 8. 59. 27.

MEDITATION:
     1 dhyānam, whose eyes were fixed with m.: dhyānastimitalocanaḥ, R.;
     2 samādhiḥ, to break m.: samādhiṃ bhanakti, V.;
     3 praṇidhānam, R. i. 74.

MEDITATIVE:
     1 dhyānaparaḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 samāhitaḥ (tā taṃ); etc.

MEDITATIVELY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

MEDITERRANEAN SEA: *bhūmadhyasāgaraḥ.

MEDIUM (subs.):
     I Mean.: expr. by madhya (f. dhyā).
     II In paper.: *madhyapatram.
     III In spiritualism: *madhyamapuruṣaḥ; anuvādakaḥ.
     IV Channel, vehicle: expr. by dvāram.

MEDLAR:
     I The tree: *māspīlaḥ.
     II The fruit: *māspīlam -phalam.

MEDLEY:
     1 saṅkaraḥ;
     2 sannipātaḥ.

MEDULLAR, -Y:
     1 by majjā- in comp.;
     2 majjāvat (f. ) (?).

MEED: pāritoṣikam; v. Reward, recompense.

MEEK: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Gentle, humble.

MEEKLY: vinītam: v. Gently, humbly.

MEEKNESS:
     1 vinayaḥ;
     2 mārdavam (= mildness);
     3 namratā (= humility).

MEERSCHAUM:
     I Lit.: mṛttikāviśeṣaḥ; sāgaraphenaḥ
     II A pipe: *sāgaraphenanālī.

MEET (adj.): ucitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Proper, fit.

MEET (subs.): melā: v. Meeting.

MEET (v. t.):
     I To come with: paśyati (dṛś, c. l (= to see). To come or go out to m.:
     1 pratyudgacchati (gam, c. l.);
     2 pratyudyāti (, c. 2.).
     II To encounter: q. v.: abhiyāti, etc., to m. death: mṛtyumeti, Mah.
     III To m. together, assemble: expr. with: saṃgacchate (gam, c. l.), sameti (i, c. 2.), etc.: the lords of quarters have met: samāgatā lokapālāḥ, V.; the ladies have met to remove the marriagestring: devyaḥ kaṅkaṇamokṣaṇāya militāḥ, Vi. ii. 50.
     IV In geo.: sampatati (pat, c. l.).

MEET WITH:
     I To find: q. v.: āsādayati (c. of sad).
     II To encounter: expr. by eti (i, c. 2.): v. To meet (II).

MEETING (subs.):
     I Coming together: samāgamaḥ: v. Also concourse.
     II An assembly: q. v.:
     1 melā;
     2 samitiḥ.

MEETING-HOUSE:
     1 sabhā -gṛham (?);
     2 melāgṛham (?).

MEETNESS: aucityam: v. Fitness.

MEGRIM:
     I A pain: arddhaśiraḥśūlam.
     II A whim, fancy.

MELANCHOLIC: sadāviṣādin (f. ) (?) and sim. comp.s: v. Dejected, sad.

MELANCHOLY: (subs.): sadāviṣādaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.: v. Dejection, sadness.

MELANCHOLY (adj.):
     I Dejected, sad: viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā).
     II Calamitous, afflictive: viṣādakaraḥ (rī raṃ), etc.

MELEE (sub.):
     1 saṅkulam;
     2 saṅkulayuddham.

MELLIFEROUS: madhupradaḥ (dā daṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MELLIFLUOUS: madhusravaḥ (vā vaṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Honey.

MELLOW (adj.): madhuraḥ (rā raṃ): Also soft, ripe, sweet.

MELLOW (v.): madhurayati (nomi.): Also to ripen, soften.

MELLOW (v. i.): madhurībhavatiḥ v. Also to ripen.

MELLOWNESS: madhuratā: v. Also ripeness, softness.

MELODIOUS:
     1 madhuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 susvaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 śrotrasukha (f. khā); etc.

MELODIOUSLY:
     1 madhuram;
     2 mañjulam;
     3 susvaram; etc.

MELODIOUSNESS:
     1 madhuratā;
     2 mañjulatā;
     3 susvaratā.

MELODRAMA: *saṅgītanāṭakam.

MELODRAMATIC:
     I Lit.: by comp.
     II Fig.: v. Exaggerated, wonderful.

MELODY:
     I Melodiousness: q. v.
     II In music: susvaraḥ.
     III A time: tālaḥ.

MELON: sphuṭi -phalam. Water-m.: kāliṅgam. Muskm.: kharvujam.

MELT (v. t.):
     1 drāvayati (c. of dru);
     2 vilāyayati (c. of );
     3 gālayati (c. of gal): v. Melt (v. i.).

MELT (v. i.):
     1 dravati-te (dru, c. l.), why does not your heart m.: dravate hṛdayaṃ kathaṃ na te, M.s.; resembling m.ed gold: drutakanakanikāśaḥ, V. m.;
     2 vilīyate pra-, (, c. 4 (lit.);
     3 galati (gal, c. l (of metals, etc.): v. Also to soften.

MELTING (subs.):
     I Active:
     1 drāvaṇam;
     2 vilāyanam:
     3 vigālanam.
     II Passive:
     1 dravaṇam or drutiḥ;
     2 vilayanam.
     III Fig.:
     1 dravaṇam;
     2 vilayanam (of colours, etc.).

MELTINGLY: expr. by part: v. Melt.

MELTING-POT: āvartanī: v. Crucible.

MEMBER (subs.):
     I Of the body: aṅgam: v. Limb.
     II Of a sentence: aṅgam -vākyam, Nil.
     III Fig.: aṅgam, those qualities which are m.s. of sentiment: ye rasasyāṅgino dharmāḥ, Kav. viii. 1.
     IV Of a society:
     1 sabhyaḥ;
     2 sadasyaḥ. V. Of a family: parivārāḥ (m. pl.); aṅgam: v. Limb (II).
     VI Of an equation: pakṣaḥ, Vij.

MEMBERSHIP:
     1 sabhyapadam (?);
     2 sadasyatvam (?).

MEMBRANE: tvac (f.) (?), Bha.

MEMBRANEOUS: tvacākāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

MEMENTO:
     1 smṛticihnam (?);
     2 smaraṇam (?).

MEMOIR:
     1 vṛttam;
     2 vivaraṇam;
     3 caritram.

MEMORABLE: prasiddha (f. ddhā) (= well-known: q. v.).

MEMORANDUM: smaraṇam-patram -lekhaḥ, etc. (??).

MEMORIAL (subs.):
     I A monument: smaraṇacihnam and sim. comp.s
     II A petition: āvedanam-patram, etc.: v. Represent, petition.

MEMORIAL (adj.): expr. by verb smārayati (c. of smṛ) or by circumlo.

MEMORIALIST: āvedanakārin (f. ṇī) (?) and sim. comps.

MEMORIALIZE: āvedanaṃ karoti, etc.

MEMORY:
     I The faculty:
     1 smṛtiḥ, to cover the m.: smṛtimārohati, N. ii. 44.;
     2 medhā (= retentive m.), is very skilful and has a good m.: paramanipuṇā medhāvinī ca, Mal. Ph.: committed to m.: kaṇṭhastha (f. sthā), Bha.; to consign to m.: hṛdaye nidadhāti, N. II. Remembrance: q. v.: smṛtiḥ, held in the m.: smṛtidhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), N. v. 134.; loss of m.: smṛtilopaḥ, Sa. vii.
     III The time that can be remembered: smārtakālaḥ, within, beyond m.: smārte asmārte kāle, Mi.

MENACE (v.): tarjayati saṃ- abhi-, (tarj, c. 10.): v. To threaten.

MENACE (subs.):
     1 tarjanam saṃ-;
     2 vibhīṣikā, Mah.

MENACING (adj.): bhīṣaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Terrible, fierce.

MENACINGLY: expr. by pres. part.

MENAGERIE: paśusaṃgrahaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Collection.

MEND (v. t.):
     I To repair: q. v.: navīkaroti.
     II To correct: q. v.: śodhayati (c. of śugh).
     III To quicken: q. v.

MEND (v. i.): expr. with viśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) or viśeṣam eti (i, c. 2.), etc.

MENDACIOUS:
     1 mithyāvādin (f. );
     2 anṛtabhāṣin (f. ṇī); and sim. comp.s.

MENDACITY:
     1 mithyāvāditvam;
     2 asatyatā: v. Falsehood.

MENDICANCY: v. Mendicity.

MENDICANT:
     1 bhikṣuḥ -kaḥ;
     2 parivrāj (m.);
     3 parivrājaḥ-kaḥ.

MENDICITY:
     1 bhaikṣyam (kṣam); bhikṣukatā -tvam;
     3 bhaikṣacaryā;
     4 parivrajyā.

MENIAL (adj.):
     I Low: expr. by comp., m. duties: preṣyakarma, H. II. Low, mean: q. v.

MENIAL (subs.):
     1 parijanaḥ;
     2 preṣyaḥ: v. Servant, slave.

MENSTRUAL: māsikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Monthly. M. course (= menstruation) ṛtuḥ -kālaḥ, bathing after m.: ṛtusnānam, Sr. M. discharge: (= mense) rajas (n.).

MENSTRUOUS:
     1 rajasvalā;
     2 ṛtumatī;
     3 puṣpiṇī, V. t.

MENSURATION:
     I Measuring: māpanam.
     II In math.: kṣetravyavahāraḥ, Li.

MENTAL:
     1 mānasaḥ (sī saṃ);
     2 mānasikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 by comp., m. agony: manastāpaḥ: v. Mind.

MENTALLY:
     1 manasā;
     2 buddhyā;
     3 by comp., m. sick: manorogin (f. ṇī).

MENTION (v.):
     1 ā-khyāti (khyā, c. 2.), having m. ed the way to the abode of Vālmīki: ākhyātavālmīkiniketamārgaḥ, R. xiv. 58.;
     2 kathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To speak.;
     3 vakti (vac, c. 2.): v. To say;
     4 abhi-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To announce.

MENTION (subs.): ullekhaḥ: v. To mention.

MENTOR: upadeṣṭṭa (m.): v. Guide, counsellor.

MEPHITIC, -AL: pūtikaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?): v. Foul, noxious.

MERCANTILE: expr. by comp., m. business (lit. way): vanikpathaḥ, Mah.

MERCENARILY: expr. by adj.

MERCENARY (adj.):
     I Lit., hired: v. To hire.
     II Fig.:
     1 arthaikadṛś (mfn (?);
     2 arthaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ) (?).

MERCENARY (subs.): bhṛtakasainyaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Soldier.

MERCER: kauśeyavikrayikaḥ (?); ūrṇājīvin (m.) (??).

MERCHANDISE (-ZE):
     I Commerce, trade: q. v.: vāṇijyam.
     II Goods, commodities: q. v.: paṇyāni (n. pl.).

MERCHANT:
     1 vaṇij (m.), dealing of m.s: vaṇijāṃ paṇāḥ, B.; voyaging m.: potavaṇik, H.; business of a m.: vaṇikkarma, P.; a m. dealing in knowledge: jñānapaṇyo vaṇik, Mal. i. 17.;
     2 śreṣṭhin (m (= a class of m. s), m. quarter: śreṣṭhicatvaram, Mr. ii.

MERCHANTABLE: vikreyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Saleable.

MERCHANTMAN, MERCHANTSHIP: vāṇijyapotaḥ: v. Ship.

MERCIFUL:
     1 kṛpālu (mfn.); kṛpāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     3 karuṇāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     4 dayāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Kind, generous.

MERCIFULLY:
     1 kṛpāpūrvam;
     2 sadayam;
     3 sānukampam; etc.

MERCIFULNESS: kṛpālutā: v. Mercy.

MERCILESS:
     1 niṣkṛpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 nirghṛṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā);
     4 nirdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), etc.

MERCILESSLY:
     1 niṣkṛpam, etc;
     2 by adj.

MERCILESSNESS:
     1 kṛpāśūnyatā;
     2 nirdayatā;
     3 niṣkāruṇyam, etc.

MERCURIAL: i. e., fickle: q. v.: cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ).

MERCURY:
     I The metal: pāradaḥ, calx of m.: rasabhasman (n.). Sulphuret of m.: kajjalī.
     II The planet: budhaḥ.

MERCY:
     1 kṛpā, do not talk of m.: kṛpeti cedastu, Ki. xiv. 16.;
     2 karuṇā (= pity), m. does not check you: tvāṃ karuṇā ruṇaddhi na, N. i. 135;
     3 dayā (= kindness), to have m.: dayāṃ karoti, K.:
     4 anukampā (= compassion);
     5 dayālutā;
     7 ghṛṇā.

MERCY-SEAT: kṛpāsthānam, and sim. comp.s (?. comp. kṛpāsindhuḥ).

MERE (subs.):
     I A lake: q. v.: saras (n.).
     II A boundary: q. v.

MERE (adj.):
     1 kevalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= bare), m. policy is cowardice: kātaryaṃ kevalā nītiḥ, R. xvii. 47.; not of m. milk: na kevalānāṃ payasām, R. ii. 63.;
     2 with eva (to emphasize = absolute), with your m. look: vilokanenaiva tava, Si. i. 29.;
     3 śuddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ) (= pure, unmixed), from a m. bath: śuddhasnānāt, Me. ii. 30.;
     4 mātra, in comp. (= simply), on account of m. caste: jātimātreṇa, H. i. 57.

MERELY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 kevalam (= only, barely).

MERETRICIOUS:
     I Lit.:
     1 vaiśikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 by comp.: v. Harlot.
     II Fig.: vaiśikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Showy, gaudy.

MERETRICIOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo: v. Also gaudily.

MERETRICIOUSNESS: vaiśikam -tā: v. Also gaudiness.

MERGE:
     I Trans.: majjayati ni-, (c. of masj): v. To immerse.
     II Intrans.: majjati ni-, (masj, c. 1.), Ku. i. 3.

MERIDIAN (subs.):
     I Mid-day: q. v.
     II Climax: q. v.
     III In astro.: (ūrddhaṃ) yāmyottaravṛttam (the circle). Ph.: when the sun is on the m.: samārūḍhe madhyamahṇaḥ savitari, K.; madhyagato bhānuḥ, B.

MERIDIAN (adj.):
     I Mid-day: q. v.
     II Highest: expr. by parā koṭiḥ (with gen.): v. Acme.

MERIDIONAL: yāmya (f. myā): v. Southern.

MERIT (subs.):
     1 guṇaḥ, not to enumerate your m.s: na guṇānāmiyattayā, R. x. 32.; according to (our) m.s: guṇadoṣataḥ, Mal.;
     2 utkarṣaḥ (= excellence).

MERIT (v.): arhati (arh, c. l.): v. To deserve, earn.

MERITED (adj.): upayukta (f. ktā): v. Proper, fit.

MERITORIOUS: praśasta (f. stā): v. Praiseworthy, good.

MERITORIOUSLY:
     1 praśastam;
     2 śobhanam: v. Well.

MERL, MERLE (subs.): kṛṣṇavarṇaḥ pakṣibhedaḥ.

MERMAID:
     1 matsyakumārī (?);
     2 matsyakanyā (?);
     3 jalanārī.

MERMAN: *matsyapuruṣaḥ; jalanaraḥ.

MERRILY:
     1 saharṣam;
     2 sānandam;
     3 sollāsam.

MERRY:
     I Cheerful, joyful:
     1 hṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), pra-;
     2 sānanda (f. ndā);
     3 hṛṣṭamanas (mfn.);
     4 ullasaḥ (sā saṃ).
     II Causing mirth: hāsakaraḥ or hāsyakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

MERRY-ANDREW: pīṭhamardaḥ (?): v. Buffoon.

MERRY-MAKING, MERRY-MEETING: ānandotsavaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

MERRY-THOUGHT: kukkuṭasya dviśūlamuro'sthi.

MESEEMS: manye: v. To think.

MESENTERIC: expr. by comp.

MESENTERY: antrapeśī (?); antrakoṣaḥ (?).

MESH:
     I Net: pāśaḥ.
     II Its interstice: chidram.

MESHY: jālākāraḥ (rā raṃ), and sim. comp.s.

MESMERIZE: *masmarayati (nomi.); hastacālanādinā vivaśīkaroti.

MESS (v.): saha or ekatra bhojanam or āhāraṃ karoti.

MESS (subs.):
     I A dish or quantity of food: not expr.
     II Of persons: expr. with, ekapākabhojin (m.), Mit.
     III A medley: saṅkaraḥ, Mah. 69. 77.

MESSAGE: sandeśaḥ, represented the return m. of Darpasāra: darpasārasya pratisandeśamāvedayat, D.; convey this m.: sandeśaṃ me hara, Me.: v. News.

MESSENGER:
     1 sandeśaharaḥ;
     2 vārttāvahaḥ;
     3 vaivadhikaḥ (rare).

MESSIAH: *trāṇābhiṣiktaḥ. M.-ship: *trāṇābhiṣiktatā.

MESSMATE:
     1 ekapākabhojin (m.):
     2 ekasthālī, Mit.

METAL (subs.):
     1 dhātuḥ;
     2 lohaḥ (rare).

METALLIC: expr. by comp., m. property: ghātuguṇaḥ.

METALLIFEROUS: dhātugarbha (f. rbhā) and sim. comp.s.

METALLURGY: *dhātuniṣkarṣaḥ dhātuśodhanādikalā.

METAMORPHOSE: m. d: parivṛttaśarīraḥ (rā raṃ): v. To change.

METAMORPHOSIS: śarīraparivṛttiḥ and sim. comp.s. (??).

METAPHOR: rūpakam, Kav. x. 7.

METAPHORICAL: rūpaka- in comp.: v. Figurative.

METAPHORICALLY: lakṣaṇayā (?): v. Figuratively.

METAPHYSICAL: ānvīkṣikīviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

METAPHYSICS: ānvīkṣikī; samayavidyā (rare), D. ii.

METE (v.): māpayati (c. of ): v. To measure.

METEMPSYCHOSIS: expr. with punarjanman (n.).

METEOR: ulkā, fall of m.: ulkāpātaḥ.

METEORIC: by comp. or circumlo, m. -stone: *ulkāsthaprastaraḥ.

METEOROLOGICAL: ākāśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (??); or by comp.

METEOROLOGY: *vāyuvidyā; nabhovidyā.

METHINKS: manye; tarkayāmi, etc.: v. To think, fancy.

METHOD:
     1 praṇālī;
     2 rītiḥ: v. Way, manner.

METHODICAL:
     1 praṇālīsaṅgataḥ (tā taṃ) (?);
     2 rītyanugataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

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METHODICALLY:
     1 supraṇālyā;
     2 rītikrameṇa.

METHODIST: of a Christian sect: *rītidhvajaḥ (jā jaṃ).

METHODIZE: to dispose methodically: q. v.: expr. by circumlo.

METONYMY: lakṣaṇā, Kav.

METOPE: *mitopaḥ; vivṛtiḥ.

METRE:
     1 chandas (n.), sung in various m.s: chandobhirvividhairgotam, G.;
     2 vṛttam, in this canto the m. is mostly upajātiḥ asmin sarge prāyeṇa vṛttamupajātiḥ, M. n.

METRICAL: expr. by the above words: m. composition is poetry: chandobaddhapadaṃ padyam, Sah.; what is not m. is prose: vṛttabandhojbhitaṃ gadyam, Sah.

METRICALLY: vṛttabandhena.

METROPOLIS: rājadhānī: v. Capital (II).

METROPOLITAN (adj.):
     1 pauraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 rājadhānī in comp.

METROPOLITAN (subs.): *paurācāryaḥ.

METTLE (subs.): tejas (n.), of great m.: mahātejasvin (f. ): v. Spirit, vigour.

METTLESOME: tejasvin (f. ): v. Spirited, strong.

METTLESOMENESS: tejasvitā: v. Mettle, spirit.

MEW (subs.):
     I A cage: q. v.
     II A fowl: samudrapakṣibhedaḥ.
     III Cat's cry: merāvaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

MEW (v.):
     I To moult: q. v.
     II To shut up, enclose: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     III To cry as a cat: me me rauti (ru, c. 2.).

MEWS: mandurā: v. Stable.

MIASMA: *duṣṭodgāraḥ; dūṣakāṇavaḥ (m. pl.).

MICA: abhram -kam, Monier Williams.

MICHAELMAS: *mekhalaparvan (n.) and sim. comp.s.

MICROSCOPE: *aṇuvīkṣaṇam -yantram.

MICROSCOPIC: Ph. m. insects: *aṇuvīkṣaṇadṛśyāḥ kīṭāḥ; m. observation: *aṇuvīkṣaṇaparīkṣā.

MID (adj.): madhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ): v. Middle.

MID-DAY (subs.):
     1 madhyāhnaḥ: v. Noon.

MID-DAY (adj.):
     1 mādhyāhrikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 mādhyandinaḥ (nī naṃ);
     3 better by comp., m. meal: madhyāhrabhojanam.

MIDDLE (adj.):
     1 madhyaḥ (dhyā dhyaṃ), the m. men leave off, beset with obstacles: vighnanihatā viramanti madhyāḥ, Mu.;
     2 madhyamaḥ (mā maṃ), following a m. course: puraskṛtamadhyamakramaḥ, R.; the m. world (i. e. the earth): madhyamalokaḥ, Vi.;
     3 madhyasthaḥ (sthā sthaṃ) (= on the m.);
     4 madhyamīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare). The m. age: *madhyayugam or madhyakālaḥ.

MIDDLE (subs.):
     1 madhyam, the m. of the sky: vyomamadhyam, V.; in the m. of the ocean: madhyesamudram, Si.; in the m. of the army: sainyasya madhye, K.; making the m. (= waist) slender: madhyaṃ tanūkṛtya, N. vii. 81.;
     2 madhyabhāgaḥ, and there in the m.: tatra ca madhyamāge, K.

MIDDLE-AGE: madhyaṃ vayas or madhyavayas (n.) or vayomadhyam; m., decay and death: vayomadhyaṃ jarā mṛtyuḥ, B. p.

MIDDLE-AGED (adj.): madhyavayas (mfn.), Bha.; madhyavayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ); arddhavayaskaḥ (skā skaṃ).

MIDDLING: madhyamaḥ (mā maṃ), men good, bad and m.: puruṣānuttamādhamamadhyamān, Mah. ii. 5. 64.

MIDGE: maśakaḥ (= gnat, mosquito).

MIDLAND (adj.):
     I Lit.: madhyadeśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II In gen.: abhyantaravartin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

MIDNIGHT:
     I Subs.:
     1 arddharātraḥ, R.;
     2 madhyarātram;
     3 madhyaniśā, P. v. ii.;
     4 niśīthaḥ, in the calm m.: stimite niśīthe, C. II. Adj. expr. by comp.s.

MIDRIFF: i. e. diaphragm: udaravakṣaḥpeśī (?).

MIDST: madhyam: v. Middle.

MIDSUMMER: uttarāyaṇam (= summer solstice); madhyanidāghaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

MIDWAY (adv.): arddhapathe,
     V and sim. comp.s.

MIDWIFE: prajananakuśalā strī, Sr. (for men, use m.).

MIDWIFERY:
     1 sūtikarman and sim. comp.s.;
     2 kṛmārabhṛtyā, R.

MIDWINTER: dakṣiṇāyanam (= winter solstice); madhyahemantaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

MIEN (subs.): ākāraḥ: v. Look.

MIGHT (v.): v. May.

MIGHT (subs.): śaktiḥ: v. Power, strength.

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MIGHTILY:
     1 tejasā;
     2 bhṛśam (= exceedingly: q. v.).

MIGHTY:
     I Powerful, strong: q. v.: śaktimat (f. ).
     II Great, important: q. v.: mahat (f. ).

MIGNONETTE: sugandhilatāviśeṣaḥ.

MIGRATE:
     1 nirgacchati (gam, c. l (= go out: q. v.);
     2 deśāntaraṃ sthānāntaraṃ, etc. gacchati: v. To go.

MIGRATION: expr. as above: *nirvāsaḥ.

MIGRATORY: anavasthitavāsaḥ (sā saṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MILCH:
     1 dugdhavatī;
     2 kṣīriṇī;
     3 payasvinī;
     4 dogdhrī, Mah. v. 35. 13. M.-cow: dhenuḥ.

MILD: mṛdu (f. dvī), was neither harsh nor very m.: na kharo na ca bhūyasā mṛduḥ. R. viii. 9.: m. things: mṛdu vastu; m. air: mṛdupavanaḥ, V.; m. speech: mṛdvī vāk, N. iii. 60.; m. action: mṛdukriyā, Sr.: v. Also soft, gentle.

MILDEW: (subs.): prob.: chatrakam; śve tarajas (n.).

MILDEW (v.):
     I Trans.: chatrakitaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti.
     II Intrans.: *chatrakitaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati.

MILDLY: mṛdu: v. Gently, softly.

MILDNESS:
     1 mṛdutā;
     2 mārdavam;
     3 mradiman (m.): v. Also gentleness, softness.

MILE: arddhakrośaḥ (krośaḥ = 4000 cubits).

MILEAGE: to draw m.: *krośānusāreṇa bhramaṇavyayaṃ niṣkarṣati.

MILE-POST: *arddhakrośaphalakaḥ (after sīmāvṛkṣaḥ of m.).

MILFOIL: sahasrapatraḥ (?); latāviśeṣaḥ.

MILITANT: yuddhe pravṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ) and sim. expr.s: v. War.

MILITARY (adj.):
     I Pertaining to war: yuddha-, etc. in comp.: v. War.
     II Belonging to a soldier: sainika-, etc. in comp.: v. Soldier. Ph.: m. man: yodhaḥ or bhaṭaḥ; a man of m. caste: kṣatriyaḥ or (rarely) kṣatram; m. duty: kṣatradharmaḥ.

MILITARY (subs.): expr. by pl. of soldiers, yodhāḥ, etc.

MILITATE: expr. with virodhin (f. ) (= opposed).

MILITIA: *rakṣābalam; sāmayikasainyam.

MILK (subs.):
     1 dugdham (best equiv.), buffalom.: mahiṣīdugdham or māhiṣaṃ dugdham; camel's m.: uṣṭrīdugdham or auṣṭraṃ dugdham, Bha.:
     2 kṣīram (also of plant): doe's m.: mṛgakṣīram, S.k.; m. -yielding trees: kṣīriṇaḥ pādapā, M. viii. 246.;
     3 payas (n (rare), m. ing my m. in a vessel of leaves: dugvvā payaḥ patrapuṭe madīyam, R.

MILK (v.): dogdhi (duh, c. 2.), m. ed gems from the earth: dharitrīṃ ratnāni duduhuḥ, K.

MILKER:
     1 dogdhṛ (f. gdhrī);
     2 dohakaḥ (f. hikā);
     3 dohin (f. ).

MILKINESS: expr. with dugdhavat (= like milk): v. Also softness.

MILKING (subs.): dohaḥ -nam. M. pail:
     1 dohanapātram;
     2 dohinī;
     3 dohaḥ (rare).

MILKMAID:
     1 gopī;
     2 gopikā;
     3 gopinī.

MILK-WHITE: dugdhadhavalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MILKY:
     I Yielding milk: v. Milch.
     II Relating to or made of m.: expr. by comp.: m. cake: dugdhakūpā, Bha.
     III Soft, mild: q. v. Ph.: m. juice: kṣīram; m. trees: kṣīriṇo mahīruhāḥ, Mah. s. 86. 15.; m. way:
     1 mandākinī;
     2 svarnadī;
     3 ākāśagaṅgā.

MILL (subs.): cakram; oil m.: laicakram; cotton -m.: *kārpāsacakram.

MILL (v.):
     I To grind: q. v.: cūrṇīkaroti.
     II To cut fine grooves: *danturīkaroti.
     III To beat: niṣpinaṣṭi (piṣ, c. 7.).

MILL-DAM: *cakrabandhaḥ; cakracālanopayogī bandhaḥ.

MILL-RACE: *cakrapayaḥsrotas (n.) and sim. comp.s.

MILL-STONE:
     1 peṣaṇī(ṇiḥ);
     2 śilāpaṭṭaḥ.

MILLED (adj.): as a coin: danturitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

MILLENARIAN: *sahasravarṣavādin (f. ); kṛṣṭasya sahasravarṣādhipatyavādin (f. ).

MILLENNIAL: sahasravarṣīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Year.

MILLENNIUM:
     1 sahasravarṣam;
     2 varṣasahasram; etc.

MILLER: cākrikaḥ (?); cakrājīvaḥ (?).

MILLET: kṣudradhānyam. Italian m.: priyaṅguḥ; Indian m.: cīnākaḥ; little m.: śyāmākaḥ; spiked m.: kaṅguḥ; kodo m.: kodravaḥ, Bha.

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MILLINER: paricchadopajīvin (f. ), and sim. expr. s.

MILLINERY:
     1 paricchadaḥ;
     2 vastram (= cloth: q. v.).

MILLION: niyutam or prayutam. Ten m. s: koṭiḥ. By m. s: koṭiśaḥ. M.-th: niyutatamaḥ (mī maṃ) (rare).

MILLIONAIRE:
     1 kuveraḥ;
     2 lakṣapatiḥ;
     3 lakṣeśaḥ, J.

MILT:
     I Spleen: q. v.: plīhan (m.).
     II Roe: q. v.

MIME:
     I A farce: perh. bhāṇaḥ.
     II A player: bhaṇḍaḥ; kuśīlavaḥ.

MIMIC (adj.):
     I Imitative: q. v.:
     II Imitated: anukṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), better by circumlo.
     III Ludicrous: q. v.

MIMIC (subs.): bhaṇḍaḥ: v. Buffoon.

MIMIC (v.): viḍambayati: v. To mock, imitate.

MIMICRY: bhāṇḍam: v. Buffoonery.

MINARET: *dīpanam; bhāsaśṛṅgam; mīnārakam.

MINCE (v.): sūkṣmakhaṇḍaśaḥ chinatti (chid, c. 7.) (= to cut). Ph.: not to m. matters: spaṣṭaṃ sampūrṇaṃ prakāśayati (?).

MINCE-MEAT: viśakalitaṃ māṃsam; sūkṣmaṃ khaṇḍīkṛtaṃ māṃsam.

MINCINGLY: Fig.:
     1 asampūrṇam;
     2 khaṇḍitam; etc.

MIND (subs.):
     1 manas (n.), m. whose action through the nine passages was prevented: mano navadvāraniṣiddhavṛtti, Ku. iii. 50.; as his m. is entirely turned to you: etanmano yadbhavadekavṛtti, N. iii. 105.; this person has a m. to ask you something: ayaṃ janaḥ kiñcidbhavatīṃ praṣṭumanāḥ, Ku. v. 40.; say now what is in your m.: vadedānoṃ yatte manasi vartate, Mal. ii.; to cross the m.: manasi udeti, N.; to call to m.: manasi karoti; out of m.: śūnyamanaskaḥ (skā skaṃ);
     2 cittam (not used in the sense of memory), knowing of one's m.: cittajñānam, D.; by all being of one m.: sarvairekacittībhūya, H.;
     3 cetaḥ (= 2), my unsteady m. is running behind: mama dhāvati paścādasaṃsthitaṃ cetaḥ, Sa.; not little-m.ed: analpacetas (mfn.), Ki.;
     4 hṛdayam (= heart: q. v.);
     5 antaḥkaraṇam (lit).

MIND (v.): ādriyate (dṛ, c. 6.): v. To attend, care, look, remember. Never m. the rest: mā śeṣāṇi vilokaya.

MINDFUL:
     1 avahitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 āhitamanas (mfn.): v. Attentive. Ph.: to be m. of: smarati (smṛ, c. l (= to remember: q. v.), R. xvii. 8.

MINE (adj.):
     1 madīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 māmakīnaḥ (nā naṃ) or māmakaḥ (kī kaṃ) (very rare).

MINE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ākaraḥ (= any source), in a m. of rubies: ākare padmarāgāṇām, H.;
     2 khaniḥ or khanī khanibhiḥ suṣuve ratnam, R.;
     3 bhūmiḥ, etc. (= earth), as he digs the place there is copper-m.; yāvattaṃ pradeśaṃ khanati tāvattābhramayī bhūmiḥ, P. v. 3.
     II Fig.:
     1 ākaraḥ, the m. of mercy: ākaraḥ karuṇāyāḥ, C. iii.;
     2 nidhiḥ: v. Abode.
     III Military:
     1 kulyā, overcharged m.: *adhicūrṇakulyā;
     2 suraṅgaḥ, Nil.

MINE (v.): khanati (khan, c. l (in both senses): v. To dig.

MINE (subs.): khanaka (in both senses), so with machines and m. s: sayantrakhanakāstathā, Mah. iii. 15. 5.

MINERAL: dhātuḥ (= metal). M. product: ākarajaṃ dravyam, should appropriate all m. substances: ākarebhyaḥ sarvamādadyāt, V.s.; m. water: *dhātujalam.

MINERALIST, MINERALOGIST: *dhātuvidyāviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MINERALOGY: *dhātuvidyā; ākaradravyavijñānam, and sim. comp.s.

MINGLE (v.):
     I Trans.:
     1 miśrayati vi- saṃ-, (miśr, c. l.);
     2 miśrīkarotiḥ v. To mix.
     II Intrans.: milati saṃ-, (mil, c. 6.); aikyaṃ gacchati, Si. xvii. 3.

MINGLING (subs.): miśraṇam: v. Mixture.

MINIATURE: expr. with: hrasva (f. svā) (= short) or sūkṣma (f. kṣmā) (= minute, fine).

MINIM: in music: arddhasvaraḥ (??); dīrdhasvaraḥ, Wilson.

MINIMUM: expr. with sarvālpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ) or laghiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā).

MINING (subs.): khanikarman (n.) and sim. comp.s.

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MINION: vallabhaḥ: v. Favourite.

MINISTER (subs.):
     I Helper, servant: q. v.: sacivaḥ; mistress, minister, private friend: gṛhiṇī sacivaḥ sakhī mithaḥ, R. II. Of state:
     1 sacivaḥ, and then entrusting to m.s: sanniveśya saciveṣvataḥ param, R. xix. 4.; m.s should be of good descent, pure, valorous... kṛlīnāḥ śucayaḥ śūrāḥ sacivāḥ syurmahīpateḥ, Ka.;
     2 mantrin (m (= counsellor), placing the burden of state on another m.: rājakāryadhṛrāmanyatra mantriṇi samāsajya, Mu. iv.; principal m.: mukhyamantrī, P.;
     3 amātyaḥ, m.'s failing: amātyavyasanam, Mu.
     III A preacher, pastor; perh. ācāryaḥ.

MINISTER (v. t.):
     I To serve: q. v.: sevate (sev, c. l.).
     II To attend to: q. v.: upacarati (car, c. 1.)
     III To conduce: q. v.: kalpate upa-, (kḷp, c. l.), Mah.

MINISTERIAL: expr. by comp.: m. duties: sacivakāryāṇi.

MINISTRATION: upacāraḥ: v. Also ministry.

MINISTRY:
     I Ministration, agency: q. v.
     II Office of a minister:
     1 sācivyam;
     2 mantritvam, etc.
     III Ministers jointly: sacivamaṇḍalam and sim. comp.s.

MINIUM:
     1 sindūram;
     2 nāgajam (very rare).

MINNOW: in gen.: kṣudramatsyaḥ.

MINOR (adj.): upa- in comp., m. division: upavibhāgaḥ; m. deity: upadevatā, etc.: v. Also premiss.

MINOR (subs.): aprāptavayaska (f. skā) or aprāptavyavahāra (f. ), bāla (f. ).

MINORITY:
     I Under age: expr. by subs., the king is (the guardian) of children during m.: rājā bālānāmaprāptavyavahārāṇām, Vas.: v. Infancy.
     II Smaller number: expr. by alpaḥ (lpā lpaṃ), they were in the m.: *te'lpā āsan; the m. was large: *alpānāṃ saṃkhyā mahatyāsīt.

MINOTAUR: *naravṛṣabhaḥ and sim. comp.s. (after narasiṃhaḥ).

MINSTER: siddhāyatanam: v. Monastery.

MINSTREL: māgadhaḥ (prop. a class of m. s.), Si. Celestial m.: gandharvaḥ.

MINSTRELSY: gāndharvam: v. Music. 'M. of heaven': gandharvāḥ.

MINT (subs.):
     I A plant: *padinā (in Bengali).
     II For coining: ṭaṅkaśālā, m. -master: ṭaṅkaśālādhyakṣaḥ.
     III Fig. = mine: khaniḥ.

MINT (v.): mudrayati (nomi.): v. To coin.

MINUET: mandagatyā nṛtyaviśeṣaḥ.

MINUS: v. Devoid of. 10000 m. these: etānayutaviyutān, Li.; 100 m. five: pañcavarjitaśatam, Li.; the square of 3 and of -- 3: tritayasya kṣayasya ca vargaḥ; --2x: 2, Vij.

MINUTE (subs.):
     I Of time:
     1 kṣaṇaḥ: v. Moment:
     2 more precisely by palam (= 2/5 of a m.), Gan.
     II In geo.: kalā, sixty seconds make a m.: vikalānāṃ kalā ṣaṣṭyā, Su. i. 28.
     III Of proceedings: sāralekhaḥ, m. -book: sāralekhapatrikā.

MINUTE (v.): sāraṃ likhati (likh, c. 6 (with gen (?).

MINUTE (adj.): sūkṣma (f. kṣmā), animals of m. source: sūkṣmayonīni bhūtāni, Mah. s. 15. 26.: sūkṣmakāryārthadarśin (f. ), R. iv. 13.

MINUTE-HAND: *kṣaṇadarśakahastaḥm; kṣaṇapradarśinī.

MINUTELY:
     I Nicely:
     1 sūkṣmam;
     2 puṃkhānupuṃkham.
     II Every minute: pratikṣaṇam.

MINUTENESS:
     1 sūkṣmatā -tvam;
     2 saukṣmyam (rare): v. Also fineness.

MINUTIAE (pl.): sūkṣmāṇi (n. pl.); sūkṣmatattvāni (n. pl.); etc.

MINX: perh. raṇḍā (used in contempt).

MIRACLE:
     1 alaukikaṃ karman (n.) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 adbhutam (= wonder).

MIRACULOUS:
     1 alaukikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Superhuman:
     2 adbhutaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Wonderful.

MIRACULOUSLY:
     1 alaukikaśaktyā and sim. comp.s.

MIRAGE:
     1 mṛgatṛṣṇā -ṣṇikā, I am tired of dissuading dear friend from this m.: pariśrānto'syā mṛgatṛṣṇāyāḥ priyavayasyaṃ nivartayitum,
     V ii.

MIRE: paṅkaḥ: v. Mud.

MIRINESS:
     1 paṅkilatā;
     2 sapaṅkatāḥ Muddy.

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MIRROR (subs.):
     1 darpaṇaḥ, but on the clean surface of a m.; śuddhe tu darpaṇatale, Sa.;
     2 ādarśaḥ, on the m.-like sky: ādarśanibhe nabhastale, N.;
     3 mukuraḥ, Go.

MIRROR (v.): vimbati prati-: v. To reflect.

MIRTH:
     1 harṣaḥ pra-;
     2 ānandaḥ;
     3 ullāsaḥ

MIRTHFUL: harṣākulaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also glad, cheerful.

MIRTHFULLY:
     1 prahṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     2 saharṣam;
     3 sollāsam.

MIRTHFULNESS:
     1 prahṛṣṭatā;
     2 sollāsatāḥ v. Mirth.

MIRY: paṅkilaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Muddy.

MISADVENTURE: durghaṭanā: v. Also misfortune, calamity.

MISALLIANCE: in marriage:
     1 kusambandhaḥ;
     2 kuvivāhaḥ.

MISANTHROPE, MISANTHROPIST: *naradveṣin (m.) and sim. comp.s.

MISANTHROPIC, -AL: *naradveṣin (f. ṇī); by comp.s.

MISANTHROPY: *naradveṣaḥ and sim. comp.s.

MISAPPLICATION: asthānaprayogaḥ; asatprayogaḥ; etc.

MISAPPLY: v. To apply and wrongly, improperly.

MISAPPREHEND: anyathā gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To apprehend, wrongly.

MISAPPREHENSION: v. Misunderstanding.

MISBECOME, MISBECOMINGNESS: v. To become, etc., not.

MISBEGOT, -TEN:
     1 vijanman (mfn.);
     2 vijātaḥ (tā taṃ).

MISBEHAVE: v. To behave improperly. M. ing: durācāraḥ (rā raṃ).

MISBEHAVIOUR:
     1 duśceṣṭitam;
     2 durvṛttiḥ;
     3 avinayaḥ.

MISCALCULATE: vi-gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.): v. Also to err.

MISCALCULATION: bhrāntagaṇanā (?); bhramaḥ (= error).

MISCALL: v. To call, improperly. M. ed: mithyābhihitaḥ (tā taṃ).

MISCARRIAGE:
     I Abortion: q. v.: garbhapātaḥ.
     II Failure: q. v.

MISCARRY:
     I To have a miscarriage: garmaḥ sravati (sru, c. l.), patati (pat, c. l.), etc. (with gen.).
     II Not to succeed: na sidhyati (sidh, c. 4.).
     II Of letters, etc.: mriyate (mṛ, c. 6.) (used in Bengali).

MISCELLANEOUS: prakīrṇa (f. rṇā), -kaḥ (kā kaṃ), R.: v. Also promiscuous, various, mix(ed).

MISCELLANEOUSLY:
     1 prakīrṇam;
     2 by adj.

MISCELLANEOUSNESS:
     1 prakīrṇatā;
     2 miśritatā (?).

MISCELLANY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 saṃkaraḥ (= medley).

MISCHANCE: durghaṭanā: v. Misfortune, calamity.

MISCHIEF:
     I Harm, injury:
     1 apakāraḥ;
     2 hiṃsā (in old writers): if cattle commit m. to crops: dhānyaṃ vihiṃsyuḥ paśavo yadi, M. Ph.: m. to (lit. destruction of) crops by cattle, etc.: śasyaghāto gavādimiḥ, N.s.
     II Damage, loss: q. v.: hāniḥ.

MISCHIEF-MAKER: expr. by circumlo. with: bhedaḥ (= separation), vivādaḥ (= dispute) or anarthaḥ (= evil), he was the m.: *sa bhedaṃ janayāmāsa.

MISCHIEF-MAKING: (adj. or subs.): expr. by circumlo. as above.

MISCHIEVOUS:
     1 hiṃsra (f. srā);
     2 ghātukaḥ (kā kaṃ) (= murderous);
     3 duṣṭabuddhi (mfn.) (= malicious);
     4 pāpa- in comp. (= wicked).

MISCHIEVOUSLY:
     1 hiṃsāpūrvam;
     2 duṣṭabaddhyā (= maliciously).

MISCHIEVOUSNESS: hiṃsratā, etc.: v. Mischievous.

MISCONCEIVE, MISCONCEPTION: v. Misunderstand, -ing.

MISCONDUCT (subs.):
     1 duścaritam;
     2 duśceṣṭitam;
     3 durnayaḥ: v. Also misdeed.

MISCONDUCT (v.): duścarati (car, c. l (?); duṣṭaṃ carati; na samyak vyavaharati (hṛ, c. l.).

MISCONSTRUCTION: asaṅgatavyākhyā; ayathārthavyākhyā (?).

MISCONSTRUE: na samyak parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), etc.

MISCREANT:
     1 khaṇḍitavṛttaḥ (ttā ttaṃ);
     2 pāpācāraḥ (rā raṃ); etc.

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MISDATE (v.): *likhanadinabhramaṃ karoti.

MISDEED:
     1 kukarman (n.), etc.;
     2 akāryam; of all m.s: sarveṣāmakāryāṇām, Mah. s. 35. 36.: v. Also crime.

MISDEMEANOUR: duścaritam: v. Misconduct.

MISDIRECT: expr. by circumlo., he m.ed the letter to Jāhānābād in Gayā instead of to Jāhānābād in Burdwan: *patraṃ vardhamānāntargataṃ jāhānābādamapreṣya gayāyāṃ jāhānābādaṃ nirdideśa.

MISER:
     1 kṛpaṇaḥ -janaḥ, H.;
     2 mitaṃpacaḥ (cooking little) (rare), H.

MISERABLE:
     1 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā) (= mean), yet m. (men) bear distress at the door of the rich: sahante santāpaṃ tadapi dhanināṃ dvāri kṛpaṇāḥ, J.;
     2 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (= wretched), very m. condition: sudīnā daśā, Ku.;
     3 duḥkhitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= unhappy), surely the poor fellow is m. like me: nūnamahamiva duḥkhitastapasvī, Mu. vi.

MISERABLY:
     1 kārpaṇyena;
     2 dīnam: v. Meanly, wretchedly.

MISERABLENESS:
     1 kārpaṇyam;
     2 kadaryatā;
     3 lubdhatā (= covetousness).

MISERLY:
     1 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 kadarya (f. ryā): v. Also mean.

MISERY:
     1 duḥkham (gen. term = distress, trouble), the same becomes the seed of the tree of m.: tadeṣa duḥkhavṛkṣasya bījatvamupagacchati,
     V p.; even m.ies met in the Daṇḍakā: prāptāni duḥkhānyapi daṇḍakāyām, R. xiv. 25.;
     2 dainyam (the state), full of m. and thievishness: dainyastainyamayāḥ, N. xvii. 25.;
     3 vyasanam (= calamity). fellow-disciple of m.: vyasanasabrahmacārin, Mu. vi.;
     4 kārpaṇyam (rare), D. iv.

MISFORTUNE:
     1 durbhāgyam (both of ill-luck and of disasters);
     2 durdaivam (rarely of disasters), this is my m.: mama durdaivametat, H. v.

MISGIVE: my heart m.s me: udeti manasi śaṅkā or aniṣṭaṃ śaṅkate me hṛdayam.

MISGIVING (subs.): śaṅkā: v. Apprehension.

MISGOTTEN (adj.): anyāyopārjitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MISGOVERN: na samyak śāsti (śās, c. 2); better by subs.

MISGOVERNMENT:
     1 kuśāsanam;
     2 duṣṭaśāsanam; etc.

MISGUIDE: apathe pātayati (c. of pat) and sim. expr. s.

MISGUIDED (adj.): vimārgadhāvitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MISHAP: durghaṭanā: v. Calamity.

MISINFORM: na samyak nivadayati (c. of vid) etc.: v. To inform.

MISINTERPRET: na yathārthaṃ vyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.) or vyācapṭe (cakṣ, c. 2.).

MISINTERPRETATION: asaṅgatā or ayathārthā vyākhyā, etc.

MISJUDGE: v. To judge wrongly.

MISLAY: the letter is m.id: *asthāte nihitaṃ patram.

MISLEAD:
     1 apathe pātayati (c. of pat);
     2 vañcayate (vañc, c. 10.): v. To deceive.

MISLEADING (adj.): as of statement: bhramotpādaka (f. dikā) and sim. comps.

MISMANAGE: expr. by subs.

MISMANAGEMENT: through his m. the estate went to ruin: *tasya kāryanirvāhadoṣānnāśamagamat sampattiḥ.

MISNAME:
     I Lit.: nāmāntareṇa abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), etc.
     II To name improperly: expr. with mithyā (= falsely).

MISNOMER:
     1 mithyāmidhānam;
     2 mithyānāman (n.), etc.

MISOGAMIST: vivāhadveṣin (m.); udvāhadveṣin (m.); etc.

MISOGYNIST: strīdveṣin (m.) and sim. comp.s.: v. Woman.

MISPLACE: expr. with: asthānam: v. Place.

MISPRINT: *mudrākṣaradoṣaḥ.

MISPRISION: m. of treason: *rājadrohanigūhanam and sim. comp.s.

MISPRONOUNCE: aśuddham uccārayati (c. of car).

MISQUOTE: na samyak udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To quote.

MISREPRESENT: mithyā or mṛṣā or anyathā varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.): v. To represent, describe.

MISREPRESENTATION: mithyāvyāhāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

MISRULE (subs.): kuśāsanam; durnayaḥ (= impolicy).

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MISS (subs.):
     I In writing: śrīmatī-.
     II In addressing: bhartṛdārikā.

MISS (subs.):
     I Loss.: q. v.
     II Error: q. v.
     III Opposed to hit: bhaṅgaḥ.

MISS (v.):
     I Not to hit:
     1 moghībhavati (= be frustrated: q. v.);
     2 with na patati (pat, c. 1 (= not to fall).
     II Not to attain: q. v.: na labhate (labh, c. 1.).
     III To omit, pass by: expr. with jahāti (, c. 2.); etc. (= to abandon), to m. an opportunity: avasaraṃ jahāti or kṣipati (= throw away).
     IV To lose: q. v.
     V To feel the want of: expr. by circumlo., I m. him very much: *tasya viprayogaduḥkhaṃ nitarāmanubhavāmiḥ v. Also anxious.
     VI To err: q. v.

MISSAL: romakadharmastotrasaṃhitā.

MISSEND: pramādāt or bhramavaśāt prerayati (īr, c. 10.), etc.: v. To send.

MISSHAPEN:
     1 virūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 vikṛtākṛti (mfn.); etc.

MISSILE: kṣepaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (rare), R. iv. 77. M. weapon: astram: v. Dart, weapon.

MISSING (part. adj.):
     I Lost: naṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), pra-, m. property: pranaṣṭaṃ dravyam, M. II. Wanting:
     1 hīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 nyūnaḥ (nā naṃ).

MISSION:
     I Sending, delegation:
     1 by circumlo.;
     2 gen. expr. by dautyam (= embassy, commission).
     II Christian:
     1 *kṛṣṭadharmapracārakāḥ (m. pl (of the men);
     2 kṛṣṭadharmapracāraṇā (of the preaching).

MISSIONARY: *kṛṣṭadharmapracārakaḥ.

MISSIVE:
     I Adj.: sandiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Subs.: sandeśaḥ.

MIS-SPELL: *varṇavinyāsavyatyayaṃ karoti.

MIS-SPEND: apavyayaṃ karoti (with gen.); kṣipati (kṣip, c. 1 (= to throw).

MIS-STATE: na yāthātathyena kathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To state.

MIS-STATEMENT:
     1 ayathākathanam and sim. comp.s. (?);
     2 with adv. ayathātatham: v. Also falsehood, false.

MIST:
     1 kūhā;
     2 kuheli(ḍikā);
     3 kujbhaṭikā.

MISTAKE (subs.):
     1 bhramaḥ, by m. of name: nāmabhramāt, N. xvii. 106.;
     2 bhrāntiḥ, by m.: bhrāntitaḥ, Go.;
     3 doṣaḥ (= fault);
     4 aśuddhiḥ (= incorrection);
     5 pramādaḥ (= carelessness).

MISTAKE (v.):
     I Intrans.: expr. by subs.: v. To err.
     II Trans.: expr. with manyate (man, c. 4 (= to think) or with subs. buddhiḥ dhīḥ, etc.: m. ing for milk: dugdhadhiyā, Sah. x. or paya iti [matvā], Kav. x. 46.

MISTAKEN:
     I In error: expr. by subs., you are much m.: mahānte bhramaḥ; m. beauty (of language): bhrāntimānalaṅkāraḥ, Kav.
     II Wrong, false: q. v.: bhrānta (f. ntā).

MISTAKENLY:
     1 bhramāt;
     2 bhrāntitaḥ;
     3 bhrameṇa.

MISTEACH: anyathā śikṣayati (c. of śikṣ): v. To teach, wrongly.

MISTEMPERED: v. Disorderly (II).

MISTER: v. Master (VI).

MISTINESS:
     I Lit.: kūhācchannatā.
     II Fig.: v. Dimness.

MISTLETOE: a parasite: *pukkasam (Lat. viscus; Gr. Fizos).

MISTRANSLATE: expr. by circumlo., he has m.d the verses: *na tenāñjasā (or yāthātathyena) bhāṣāntarīkṛtāḥ ślokāḥ.

MISTRANSLATION: expr. as above: v. Translation.

MISTRESS (subs.):
     I Of a house:
     1 gṛhiṇī (also gehinī), I will call and ask the m. of the house: gṛhiṇīmāhūya pṛcchāmi, Mr. i.;
     2 svāminī, the m. of the whole seraglio: nikhilāntaḥpurasvāminī, K.;
     3 bhaṭṭinī (with ref. to servants);
     4 kuṭumbinī (matron);
     5 īśvarī (= lady), m. of life: jīviteśvarī, Sa. iv.
     II A kept woman:
     1 upapatnī;
     2 bandhakī, gamblers have m.es in their house: bhavanti gehe bandhakyaḥ kitavānām, Mah.;
     3 avarodhaḥ (when the sense is clear), kāmapi gaṇikāmavarodhamakarot, D. III. A sweetheart: priyā or priyatamā: v. Darling, woman.
     IV A teacher: q. v.: śikṣayitrī.
     V Skilled: q. v.: kuśalā pravīṇā, etc.
     VI As title: śrīmatī.

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MISTRUST (subs.): aviśvāsaḥ: v. Distrust, suspicion.

MISTRUST (v.): na viśvasiti (śvasa, c. 2.): v. To distrust, suspect.

MISTRUSTFUL; aviśvāsin (f. ): v. Distrustful, suspicious.

MISTY:
     I Lit.: kūhācchanna (f. nnā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.: gahanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Obscure.

MISUNDERSTAND: anyathā parigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To understand wrong.

MISUNDERSTANDING:
     I Mistake: q. v.: anyathāgrahaṇam or -bodhaḥ.
     II Dis-agreement, difference: vaimatyam; manobhedaḥ (?) (comp. Bengali manāntara).

MISSUSE: v. Abuse, misspend, maltreat.

MITE:
     I Of money:
     1 kapardakaḥ (?);
     2 varāṭakaḥ (?).
     II An insect: aṇukaḥ.
     II A particle: lavaḥ.

MITIGATE:
     1 laghayati or laghkaroti: v. To lighten;
     2 śamayati (c. of śam) (= to quiet down, soothe).

MITIGATING (adj.); there were no m. circumstances: *nāsīt kimapyaparādhalāghavakāri.

MITIGATION: gen. expr. with lāghavam (= lightness) or śāntiḥ (= quieting down): v. To mitigate.

MITRE: śiraskam; kirīṭaḥ; *dharmakirīṭaḥ.

MITRED: kirīṭin (f. ); śiraskabhṛt (mfn.).

MITTEN: *hastatrāṇam (after aṅgulitrāṇam of Mah.).

MIX (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 miśrayati (miśr, c. 10.) saṃ- vi- vyā-;
     2 by verbs meaning to unite: m.ed with pepper; maricasaṃyutaḥ (tā taṃ), Sr.
     II Fig.: miśrayati, although (she) does not m. words with my words: vācaṃ na miśrayati yadyapi madvacobhiḥ, Sa. i. 32.

MIX (v. i.):
     1 miśrībhavati, m.ed with the jingling of the wires of a lute: vīṇātantrībhaṅkāramiśra (f. śrā), K.;
     2 milati (mil, c. 6.) (fig.): v. To unite.

MIXEDLY: sammiśreṇa: v. Promiscuously.

MIXEN: perh. miśra -kam (comp. miśrako'dhyāyaḥ miśrakacikitsitam, Sr.).

MIXTURE:
     I Mixing:
     1 miśraṇam sam-;
     2 saṃyogaḥ (= union: q. v.).
     II The compound:
     1 miśram;
     2 saṃ-miśreṇa jātaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III A medley:
     1 saṅkaraḥ;
     2 sannipātaḥ.

MIZZEN: of masts, etc.: sarvapaścimaḥ (mā maṃ); caramastha (f. sthā).

MIZZLE: śīkaraḥ: v. Also to drizzle.

MNEMONICS: *smaraṇasādhanī -vidyā.

MOAN (v.): *krandati (krand, c. 1.): v. To lament, cry.

MOAN (subs.):
     1 antarnādaḥ;
     2 atiravaḥ: v. Lamentation, cry.

MOAT: parikhā: v. Ditch.

MOB (subs.): prākṛtajanasaṃmardaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Crowd.

MOB (v.): to be m.bed: prākṛtajanaiḥ abhibhūyate (pass. of bhū) or bādhyate (pass. of bādh) (?).

MOBILE:
     I Adj.: calaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fickle.
     II Subs.: v. Mob.

MOCK (v. t.): viḍasbayati (ḍamb, c. 10.), then why are you m.ing me with falsehood: tat kiṃ māmasatyavacanena viḍambayasi, P. i. 5.; m.s the setting sun: viḍambayatyastanimagnasūryam, R. xvi. 11.;
     2 upahasati (has, c. 1 (= to deride).

MOCK (v.): upahasati: v. Also to jest.

MOCK (adj.): viḍambanā affd. in comp.: v. False, counterfeit.

MOCK, MOCKING (subs.): viḍambanā: v. Derision.

MOCKER: viḍambanākārin: v. Also derider.

MOCKERY:
     1 upahāsaḥ (= derision);
     2 viḍambanā, why you are doing this m. of conciliation: viḍambanāmimāṃ bhūyaḥ karoṣyanunayātmikām,
     V p. i. 9. 24.

MOCKINGLY: sopahāsam: v. Derisively.

MOCKING-BIRD: rūtānukaraṇakuśalaḥ pakṣibhedaḥ.

MODALITY: *raupikatā -tvam.

MODE:
     I Manner: q. v.
     II Fashion: q. v.
     III Variety: prakāraḥ.
     IV In logic: rūpam (?).
     V In music: rāgaḥ (f. rāgiṇī).

MODEL (adj.): m. school: *ādarśavidyālayaḥ.

MODEL (subs.): ādarśaḥ: v. Pattern, standard.

MODEL (v.): expr. by subs., m. house: *ādarśagṛhaṃ kurū.

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MODELLER: *ādarśakārin (f. ṇī).

MODERATE (adj.):
     I Within due measure: mitaḥ (tā taṃ), pari-, one whose expenses are m.: mitavyayin (f. ); whose language is m. (for the sake of) truth: satyāya mitabhāṣiṇām, R. i. 7.
     II Of a middle rate: expr. with negative, of m. height: anatidīrgha (f. rghā); of m. abilities: anatitīkṣṇabuddhi (mfn); etc.

MODERATE (v.):
     I To mitigate: laghayati (nomi.).
     II To control, restrain: q. v.: saṃyacchati (yam, c. 1.).
     III To preside over a meeting: adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).

MODERATELY:
     I In due measure: mitam pari-.
     II In a medium degree: v. Moderate (II).

MODERATION:
     I The act:
     1 laghūkaraṇam;
     2 praśamanam (= quieting).
     II Temperance: saṃyamaḥ.
     III Equanimity: dhairyam.

MODERATOR: i.e. president: *adhiṣṭhātṛ (m.).

MODERN:
     1 ādhunikaḥ (kī kaṃ), S. p. b. i. 43.;
     2 idānīntanaḥ (nī naṃ). The m.s: idānīntanāḥ, S.;
     3 idantanaḥ (nī naṃ), by the m.s wanting in energy: śaktihīnairidantanaiḥ, Vri.:
     4 adhunātanaḥ (nī naṃ).

MODERNISM: ādhunikarītiḥ; navyarītiḥ.

MODERNIZE: *ādhunikīkaroti or by circumlo.

MODEST:
     I Having a proper sense of shame:
     1 śālīnaḥ (nā naṃ), woman are naturally m.: nisargaśālīnaḥ strījanaḥ, Mal. iv.:
     2 lajjāvat (f. ), the m. bride: lajjāvatī vadhūḥ, R. vii. 25.;
     3 lajjāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     4 lajjālu (mfn.);
     5 hrīmat (f. ); etc.
     II Not presumptuous: vinītaḥ (tā taṃ).

MODESTLY: savinayam: v. Also decently.

MODESTY:
     1 śālīnatā, out of m.: śālīnatayā, R. vi. 81.;
     2 lajjā (= shame), like m. of women: lajjeva yoṣitaḥ, Si ii. 44.: v. Also decorum.

MODICUM: alpam: v. Little.

MODIFICATION: vivartanam (?): v. Alteration.

MODIFY: vivartayati (c. of vṛt) (?): v. To alter, change.

MODULATE: saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram) (?).

MODULATION: m. of voice: svarasaṃkramaḥ, Mr. iii. 5.

MOHAMMEDAN: v. Mahometan, mussulman.

MOIETY: arddham; arddhabhāgaḥ: v. Half.

MOIL:
     I Verb.: v. To soil, toil.
     II Subs.: v. Stain.

MOIST:
     1 sarasaḥ (sā saṃ);
     2 klinna (f. nnā) (?);
     3 ārdra (f. rdrā) (= wet).

MOISTEN:
     1 kledayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of klid) (?);
     2 ārdrīkaroti (= to make wet).

MOISTURE: rasaḥ, m. of the lip: adhararasaḥ: v. Also wetness.

MOLAR: i. e. m teeth: carvaṇadantāḥ (?).

MOLASSES: guḍaḥ, old m.: purāṇaguḍaḥ, Bha.

MOLD: v. Mould.

MOLE:
     I A mark on the body: tilaḥ -kaḥ.
     II An animal: *talpaḥ; bileśayo jantubhedaḥ.
     III A mound: q. v. vapram.

MOLECULE: paramāṇuḥ: v. Particle.

MOLEHILL:
     1 valmīka (mn.), born in a m.: valmīkamavaḥ, A. r.;
     2 vāmalūraḥ. Ph.: to make mountains of m.s: tile tālaṃ paśyati (comp. Bengali tilake tāla karā).

MOLEST: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.): v. To harass, trouble.

MOLESTATION:
     1 utpīḍanam;
     2 by verb: v. Annoyance.

MOLESTER:
     1 utpīḍaka (f. ḍikā);
     2 bādhaka (f. dhikā), pra-.

MOLLIFY: śamayati (c. of śam): v. To calm.

MOLLUSK: *kambuḥ -jātīyaḥ.

MOLTEN:
     I Melted: vilīnaḥ (nā naṃ), etc.
     II Made of melted metal: dhātumayaḥ (yī yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MOMENT:
     I Importance: q. v.: gurūtvam.
     II Of time:
     1 muhūrta (mn.), for about a m.: muhūrtamiva, K.; in a m.: muhūrtena, R.; but for a m.: muhūrtamātram, N.; after a m.: muhūrtāpagame, K.;
     2 kṣaṇaḥ in a m.: kṣaṇena, V.; even for a m.: kṣaṇamapi, R.; at this very m.: asminneva kṣaṇe, D.; in the next m.: tasminneva kṣaṇāntare, D.

MOMENTARILY:
     1 anukṣaṇam;
     2 pratikṣaṇam;
     3 pratimuhūrtam.

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MOMENTARY: kṣaṇikaḥ (kā kaṃ), m. pleasure: kṣaṇikā prītiḥ, H.: v. Transient, fleeting.

MOMENTOUS: gurū (f. rvī): v. Important.

MOMENTOUSNESS: gurūtvam: v. Importance.

MOMENTUM: javaḥ (= speed: q. v.).

MONACHISM: saṃnyāsāśramaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Anchorite.

MONAD: paramāṇuḥ: v. Atom.

MONARCH:
     1 rājan (f. rājñī): v. King;
     2 īśvaraḥ (f. ): v. Lord.

MONARCHICAL:
     I Royal: q. v.
     II Vested in a monarch: m. government: *rājādhīnaṃ rājyam; m. form of g.: *rājatantram.

MONARCHY:
     I M.cal government:
     1 rājaśāsanam;
     2 rājatantram.
     II Kingdom: q. v.: rājyam.

MONASTERY:
     1 vihāraḥ, make him the chief of all m.ies: sarvavihāreṣu kulapatirayaṃ kriyatām, Mr.;
     2 maṭhaḥ āyatanam, etc. (when the sense is clear.), here in the m.: ihaivāyatane, D. ii.

MONASTIC, -AL: expr. by comp., m. life: *vihārajīvanam: v. Monastery, monk, anchorite.

MONDAY:
     1 somavāraḥ;
     2 somavāsaraḥ and sim. comp.s.

MONEY:
     1 dhanam, to make m.: dhanaṃ karoti, H.; to acquire much m.: mahaddhanam upārjayati, D.; if we are rich with m. dug in the middle of a house: gṛhamadhyanikhātena dhanena dhanino yadi, P.; what is the use of m. who does not give, does not enjoy: dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti nmaśnute, H.;
     2 arthaḥ, loss of m.: arthanāśaḥ, H.; man is slave of m.: arthasya puruṣo dāsaḥ, J.;
     3 vittam, buying his poverty with own m.: vittairnijaiḥ krītvā dāridram, D.: v. Coin, wealth.

MONEY-BAG: dhanabhastrikā (after ratnabhastrikā of D. ii.).

MONEY-CHANGER: *dhanaparivartakaḥ; ṭaṅkavyāpārin (m.).

MONEYED:
     I Rich:
     1 dhanavat (f. );
     2 dhanin (f. ,);
     3 dhanaśālin (f. );
     4 dhanāḍhya (f. ḍhyā).
     II Composed of money: "m. capital": sāradhanam, D.

MONEY-LENDER: dhanikaḥ: v. Usurer.

MONEYLESS:
     1 nirdhanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 dhanahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.

MONEY-ORDER: ṭaṅkaśāsanam; dhanājñāpatram, to pay a m.: śāsananirdiṣṭaṃ dhanaṃ dadāti.

MONEYWORT: latāviśeṣaḥ; *numalāriḥ.

MONGREL: saṅkara- in comp.: v. Hybrid, mixed.

MONITION: śāsanam: v. Admonition.

MONITOR:
     I Lit.: śāsakaḥ.
     II In a school: śāsakaḥ (?).

MONK: no spe. equiv.:
     1 brahmacārin (m.);
     2 yatiḥ;
     3 saṃnyāsin (m.). Chief of m.s: kulapatiḥ, Mr.

MONKERY: brahmacaryā, L.

MONKEY:
     1 vānaraḥ;
     2 kapiḥ;
     3 markaṭaḥ;
     4 plavaṅgaḥ -bhaḥ.

MONKISH: expr. by comp.: v. Monk.

MONK'S-HOOD: i. e. aconite: vatsanābhaḥ.

MONODY: vilāpaḥ (when the sense is clear); vilāpagītam, etc.

MONOGAMY: ekamāryā-pariṇayaḥ or -parigrahaḥ; and sim. comp.s.

MONOGRAM: *ādyakṣarabandhaḥ.

MONOGRAPH: prabandhaḥ (= dissertation). M.s.: ekaikaviṣayaprabandhāḥ.

MONOLOGUE: svagatoktiḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

MONOMANIA: ekaviṣaya unmādaḥ (?); ekaviṣaye cittavikṣepaḥ: v. Madness.

MONOPOLIST: *ananyasādhāraṇavyavasāyin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

MONOPOLIZE:
     I To forstall: q. v.
     II In gen.: ananyasādhāraṇaṃ (f. ṇāṃ) karoti (?).

MONOPOLY: *ananyasādhāraṇo vyavasāyaḥ or vyāpāraḥ, etc.

MONOSYLLABIC:
     1 ekākṣaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 ekākṣarin (f. ṇī);
     3 ekasvaraḥ (rā raṃ).

MONOSYLLABLE:
     1 ekākṣaram;
     2 ekākṣaraśabdaḥ.

MONOTHEISM: advaitavādaḥ and sim. comp.s.

MONOTHEIST:
     1 advaitavādin (f. );
     2 ekeśvaravādin (f. ).

MONOTONE: ekasvaraḥ; abhinnasvaraḥ.

MONOTONOUS: Lit.: ekasvaraḥ (rā raṃ).
     II Fig.: ekatānaḥ (nā naṃ) (?).

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MONOTONOUSLY: expr. by adj.

MONOTONY: expr. by adj., avoid m. of delivery: ekasvaravyāhāraṃ parihara.

MONSOON: *kālavātaḥ, during the m.s: *kālavātāgame.

MONSTER:
     I Anything monstrous: expr. by adj..
     II A marvel: adbhutam. Ph.: a manm.: nararākṣasaḥ (?).

MONSTROUS:
     I Unnatural and misshapen:
     1 aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ) (?);
     2 vikṛtākṛti (mfn.), Vi. v. 29.; and sim. comp.s.
     II Dreadful, horrible: ghoradarśanaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.(?).
     III Fig.; revolting to reason: rākṣasa (f. ) or paiśāca (f. ).

MONSTROUSLY: utkaṭam: v. Dreadfully, exceedingly.

MONSTROUSNESS: aparūpatā, etc.: v. Monstrous, enormity.

MONTH: māsaḥ, within six m.s: ṣaṇmāsāmyantare, H.; in the auspicious m. of Mārgashīrsha (Nov.-Dec.) mārgaśīrṣe śubhe māsi, M.; for two m.s: dvau māsau, H. or māsadvayam, D.

MONTHLY (adj.):
     1 māsikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 by comp.;
     3 by adv.

MONTHLY (adj.):
     1 māse māse;
     2 pratimāsam;
     3 māsi māsi.

MONUMENT: kīrtistammaḥ (= memorial pillar), R. and sim. comp.s.

MONUMENTAL: expr. by comp.: v. Memorial.

MOOD:
     I Frame of mind: bhāvaḥ.
     II In gram: expr. with prakāraḥ. N.B. Note how expr. in Sanskrit: here the verb is in the imperative, subjunctive m.: atrānujñāyāṃ loṭ āśaṅkāyāṃ liṅ.

MOODINESS: vakratā: v. Peevishness, anger.

MOODY: vakra (f. krā): v. Peevish, angry.

MOON:
     1 candraḥ, enjoy the m.-beams: sevyantāṃ candrapādāḥ, V.; full m.: q. v.; half m.: arddhacandraḥ, P.; approaching m. -rise: āsannacandrodayaḥ, K.;
     2 śaśī, m. -light passes with the m.: śaśinā saha yāti kaumudī, Ku.;
     3 induḥ, the new m.: navenduḥ, R.; the m. -set: gato'staminduḥ, B.;
     4 candramasa (m.), fixing my sight on the m. which has whitened the quarters with its rays: karairdhavalitāśāmukhe candramasi nihitadṛṣṭiḥ, K. ii.;
     5 vidhuḥ;
     6 niśākaraḥ;
     7 śaśāṅkaḥ;
     8 sudhāṃśuḥ;
     9 dvijarājaḥ;
     10 śītamayūkhaḥ. The day of new m.: pratipad.

MOONLESS:
     1 acandra (f. ndrā);
     2 candrahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp.s.

MOONLIGHT (subs.):
     1 kaumudī, the m. -festival: kaumudīmahotsavaḥ, Mu.;
     2 candrikā, in m. lights are superfluous: candrikāyāṃ dīpikāḥ punarūktāḥ, V.;
     3 candrālokaḥ and sim. comp.s., perceivable by m.: candrātapena vibhāvyamānaḥ (nā naṃ), K.;
     4 jyotsnā (when the sense is clear).

MOONLIGHT (adj.):
     1 expr. by comp. or circumlo., in the autumnal m.nights: śaraccandrikāsu kṣapāsu, Me.;
     2 jyotsnāvat (f. ) (= having m.), enjoys m. evening: jyotsnāvato nirviśati pradoṣān, R. vi. 34.

MOON-PLANT: somalatā. Its juice: somarasaḥ. Its drinker: somapaḥ -pīthin, etc.

MOONSHINE:
     I Lit.: candrapramā.
     II Fig.: marīcikā.

MOONSTRUCK:
     1 vāyugrastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 vāyunighna (f. ghnā): v. Mad.

MOOR (subs.):
     I An open waste: sarasapatitabhūmiḥ (?).
     II A dark African: *mauraḥ (f. ).

MOOR (v.): badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), m. the ark with the peak of the Himālaya: himavataḥ śṛṅge nāvaṃ badhnīta, Mah. iii. 187. 49.; ark-m.ing peak: naubandhanaṃ śṛṅgam, Mah.

MOOR-HEN: jalakukkuṭī.

MOORINGS: naubandhanāni (n. pl.).

MOOR-LAND: sarasapatitabhūmiḥ (?).

MOOSE, MOOSE-DEER: śambaraḥ (rarely with sa).

MOOT-POINT: sandigdhaviṣayaḥ and sim. comps.

MOP (subs.):
     I A brush: mārjanī.
     II A young girl: bālā.

MOP (v.): saṃ-mārṣṭi or mārjayati (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).

MOPE (v.): durmanāyate (nomi.): v. To drowse, dejected.

MOPING, MOPISH (adj.): nistejas (mfn.): v. Dull, gloomy.

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MORAL (adj.):
     I Relating to m.s: nīti- or naya- in comp., m. bond: nayabandhanam (?); m. philosophy: *nītidarśanam.
     II Virtuous, just: nyāyya (f. yyā).
     III Probable: there is m. certainty of his guilt: *tasyāparādhitāṃ prati nāsti kaścidapyāntaraḥ sandehaḥ.

MORAL (subs.):
     I Behaviour: q. v.
     II In pl.: nītiśāstram.
     III Drift: q. v.:
     1 bhāvaḥ;
     2 abhiprāyaḥ.

MORALIST: nītiśāstravid (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

MORALIZE (v. i.): nīticintāṃ karoti nītiprabandhaṃ likhati, etc.

MORALLY:
     I In a moral point of view: nītimārgānusāreṇa.
     II Virtuously, honestly: nyāyataḥ.
     III Probably: expr. as shewn under Moral (adj (III).

MORASS: sajalabhūmiḥ (?): v. Marsh.

MORBID: duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ); v. Also diseased.

MORBIDNESS:
     1 duṣṭatā;
     2 doṣaḥ (= fault, defect).

MORBIFIC, -AL: rogakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Disease.

MORDANT:
     I Adj.: kaṭu (mfn.);
     II Subs.: raṅgasaṃsthāpakaṃ dravyam.

MORE (Adv.):
     I With adj.:
     1 by comp. degree, m. beloved: priyataraḥ (rā raṃ), K.; m. tall: drāghīyas (f. ), Ki.;
     2 adhika in comp., m. beautiful: adhikamanojñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ), Sa.
     II With verbs:
     1 adhikam, puts the eye more: adhikaṃ cakṣurāropayati, P.;
     2 adhikataram (in comp.), shines m. now: adhikataramidānīṃ rājate,
     V Ph.: what can be m. distressing: tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim, G.; what can be m. wonderful: kimataḥ paramāścaryam, K.; favoured her every day m. and m.: amyadhikaṃ pratidivasamasyāḥ prasādamakarot, K.: increases m. and m.: uttarottaraṃ vardhate (only of succession), H.; as said and m.: yathoktamabhyadhikañca, D.; no m.: na itaḥ param, D. or na ataḥ param or ata ūrdhvam, A.r.

MORE (adj.):
     1 adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ), m. devotion: adhikā bhaktiḥ, K.; five times m. than it: tataḥ pañcaguṇādhikam, Mah.; m. than twenty times: adhikaviṃśānvārān, Ana.;
     2 adhikataraḥ (rā raṃ) (in comp.), their trouble is m.: kleśo'dhikatarasteṣām, G. Ph.: something m.: anyadapi, Sa.; anything m.: ato'pyaparam, Na.; what m.: kimanyat,
     V

MORE (subs.): adhikam, and the king who gave m. than the wish of the petitioner: nṛpo'rthikāmādadhikapradaśca, R.; no m. = enough: q. v.: alam (with ins.).

MOREOVER:
     1 anyacca, m. spies have been employed: anyacca niyūktāḥ praṇidhayaḥ, Mu.;
     2 aparañca, m. (he) is cruel: aparañca krūraḥ, P.;
     3 kiñca, and m. you are our enemy: kiñcānyat śatrurbhavānasmākam, H.;
     4 api ca, C.

MORGANATIC: m. marriage: vāmācāravivāhaḥ.

MORIBUND:
     1 mumūrṣu (mfn.);
     2 āsannamṛtyu (mfn.): v. Death, near.

MORN:
     1 vibhātam;
     2 dinamukham, R.: v. Morning.

MORNING (subs.):
     I Lit.: prabhātam or vibhātam, tomorrow m.: śvaḥ prabhāte, A.r., good m. to you: *supramātaṃ te: v. Dawn; early in the m.: pratyūṣe or pratyūṣasi or ūṣasi, K. or atikalyam, M.; the m. has dawned: pramātā rajanī, Sa.; this m.: adya prātaḥ, H.; from m.: prātarārabhya, Vi.
     II Forenoon: pūrvāhṇaḥ, in the m.: pūrvāhṇe, M.

MORNING (adj.):
     1 by comp., m. breeze: vibhātavāyuḥ, R.; the m. star: *prabhātatārā;
     2 prātar- in comp., m. time: prātaḥkālaḥ; m. meal: prātarāśaḥ; m. duties: prātaḥkṛtyāni;
     3 prābhātikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     4 pragetanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     5 prātaḥkālīnaḥ (nā naṃ). Ph.: the m. sun: bālārūṇaḥ, R.

MOROCCO: *mauracarman (n.).

MOROSE: rūkṣa (f. kṣā) (= rough, harsh: q. v.).

MOROSELY: rūkṣam: v. Harshly, roughly.

MOROSENESS: raukṣyam: v. Harshness, severity.

MORRIS: Ph.: m.-dance: lāsyaviśeṣaḥ; nine men's m.: alāvūkartanam (comp. Bengali lāu kāṭākāṭi).

MORROW: v. Tomorrow.

MORSEL:
     I Lit.: muṣṭiḥ: v. Also mouthful.
     II Fragment: khaṇḍa (mn.): v. Also little.

MORTAL (subs.): martyaḥ: v. Man.

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MORTAL (adj.):
     I Subject to death:
     1 mṛtyuvaśaḥ (śā śaṃ) and sim. comps.;
     2 by circumlo., every one is m., all are m.: sarveṇa khalu martavyam sarvānāviśate mṛtyuḥ, Mah. s.
     II Causing death:
     1 prāṇaharaḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 sāṅghātikaḥ (kī kaṃ), etc.
     III Human: q. v.: martya- in comp.

MORTALITY:
     I Subjection to death: expr. by adj. or circumlo.
     II Death: q. v. mṛtyuḥ.
     III Humanity: q. v.

MORTALLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by adj., m. wounded: sāṅghātikavraṇopetaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Extremely: q. v.: durbharam.

MORTAR:
     I For pounding: udūkhalam.
     II A cement: iṣṭakakṣodalepaḥ and sim. expr. according to its composition.
     III A kind of cannon: *muṣalam.

MORTGAGE (subs.):
     1 āghiḥ (gen. term), m. -deed: ādhilekhyam, Kat.; a m. becomes lost if it is not redeemed when the debt is doubled: ādhiḥ praṇaśyeddviguṇe ghane yadi na mokṣyate, Y.; m. of real property: sthāvara ādhiḥ, N.s.;
     2 bandhaḥ -kaḥ (= 1), the same field given on m. to two (persons): kṣetramekaṃ dvayorbandhe dattam, Vri.;
     3 ādhānam (= m.ing), Kat.

MORTGAGE (v. t.):
     1 ā-dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), who first m.s and then sells it: yaḥ pūrvataramādhāya vikrīṇīte tu taṃ punaḥ, Vas.;
     2 ādhīkaroti, who m.s the same property to two: ādhimekaṃ dvayoryastu kuryāt, Kat.;
     3 bandhe dadāti (, c. 3.), Vri.

MORTGAGEE:
     1 bandhagrahītṛ (f. trī);
     2 ādhigrāhaka (f. hikā).

MORTGAGER:
     1 ādhātṛ (f. trī);
     2 ādhikartṛ (f. rtrī);
     3 bandhadātṛ (f. trī).

MORTIFICATION:
     I Gangrene: perh. nāśaḥ.
     II Subjection, opposition: indriyajayaḥ -damaḥ, and sim. comp.s.
     III Humiliation:
     1 abhimavaḥ; mānamaṅgaḥ and sim. comp.s., abhimānavyasanam, Ki.
     IV Vexation, disappointment: q. v.: expr. with duḥkham.

MORTIFY (v. i.): perh. naśyati (naś, c. 4.) or mriyate (mṛ, c. 4).

MORTIFY (v. t.):
     I To destroy: mārayati (c. of mṛ), "of m. ed" iron: māritasya lauhasya, Bha.
     II Of passions: jayati (ji, c. 1.) one who has m.ed his lusts: jitendiyaḥ (yā yaṃ).: v. Also to control.
     III To vex, pain: q. v.: duḥkhākaroti.

MORTIFYING (adj.): santāpaka (f. pikā) (?): v. Also painful.

MORTISE (subs.): chidram (used in Bengali randhram) (?).

MORTISE (v.):
     I To make a m.: chidraṃ karoti.
     II To join: lagayati (c. of lag) (?).

MORTMAIN: *samavāyabhuktiḥ; askhalitabhuktiḥ.

MOSAIC:
     I Relating to Moses: *mauṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ).
     II Variegated: vicitraḥ (trā traṃ) (?).

MOSQUE: (mahammadīya- or -yānāṃ) siddhāyatanam: v. Temple.

MOSQUITO: maśaḥ -kaḥ, H., m.-curtain: maśaharī, Wilson.

MOSS: śaivālaḥ (or śaivalaḥ or śevalaḥ), m. -grown: jātaśaivālaḥ (lā laṃ).

MOSS-TROOPER: dasyuḥ: v. Robber, bandit.

MOSSY:
     1 śaivalin (f. );
     2 śaivalavat (f. ), R. xvi. 46.

MOST (adj.):
     I In number: prāyeṇa sarve (f. rvā, n. rvāṇi): v. All, many.
     II Greatest: niratiśayaḥ (yā yaṃ). Ph.: at the m. antataḥ; to the m. of one's ability: yāvacchaktitaḥ; for the m. part: prāyeṇa.

MOST (adv.):
     I As a sign of the superlative: expr. with: -tamaḥ (mā maṃ) or with: ati-, m. wealthy: āḍhyatamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II In the greatest degree: expr. by circumlo., confides on him m.: sarvāpekṣayā tasminnadhikaṃ viśvasiti or tamadhikaṃ śraddhadhāti.

MOSTLY:
     1 prāyaśaḥ;
     2 prāyeṇa.: v. Also principally.

MOTE: binduḥ: v. Spot, speck.

MOTH: ghuṇaḥ (?), m.-eaten: ghuṇakṣataḥ (tā taṃ), Si.

MOTHER:
     I Lit.:
     1 mātā, m. -queen: rājamātā; m. -tongue: bhātṛbhāṣā; his father m.ed him: pitaivāsya mātṛtāmakarot, C. i.;
     2 jananī, I am your m: sā'hamasmi vo jananī, D. v.
     II Fig., parent, source: q. v.:
     1 prasavitrī;
     2 prasūḥ;
     3 prasūtiḥ (rare).

MOTHERHOOD:
     1 mātṛtvam -tā;
     2 jananītvam.

MOTHER-IN-LAW: śvaśrūḥ, all (my) m.s: śvaśrūjanaṃ sarvam, R. xiv. 60.

MOTHER-OF-PEARL: śuktyudaram (?); *muktāmukham.

MOTHERLESS:
     1 amātṛkaḥ (kā kaṃ), D.;
     2 mātṛhīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Devoid of.

MOTHERLY:
     I Pertaining to a mother:
     1 by gen. or comp.;
     2 mātṛkaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     II Like a m.:
     1 mātṛsannimaḥ (bhā bhaṃ);
     2 expr. with mātṛvat (adv.).

MOTION (subs.):
     I Movement: q. v.: gatiḥ, eastward m.: pūrvagatiḥ, Gan.; apparent m.: sphuṭagatiḥ, com.; mean (daily) m. of the moon: candrasya (dainikī) madhyamagatiḥ Su. com. To be in m.: calati: v. To move.: to set in m.: cālayati (c. of cal).
     II Impulse: q. v.: Ph.: of one's own m.: svecchayā.
     III Feeling: bhāvaḥ.
     IV Proposal: prastāvaḥ. (?), to second a m.: prastāvanām anumodate.

MOTION (v.): iṅgitaṃ karoti: v. To reckon.

MOTIONLESS: niścalaḥ (lā laṃ):: v. Immoveable.

MOTIVE (adj.): cālaka (f. likā) (?): v. To move.

MOTIVE (subs.): rewards are m.s for action: pāritoṣikalābhecchayā narāḥ karmaṇi pravartante; money was the m. for murdering her: arthasya kāraṇādeṣā māritā, Mr.; whose m.s cannot be thought of: acintyahetukaḥ (kā kaṃ), Ku. v. 75.: v. Reason, ground, why.

MOTLEY (adj.):
     I Lit.: citravicitra (f. trā).
     II Fig.: -saṅkaraḥ in comp.

MOTTLED (adj.): karburaḥ (rā raṃ): v. Variegated, spotted.

MOTTO: *ādarśavākyam.

MOULD: (subs.):
     I For casting: perh. sañcaḥ (comp. Bengali sāṃca); saṃyānaḥ, Wilson.
     II Form, shape: q. v.: bhūrtiḥ.
     III A concretion: piṇḍa (mn (?).

MOULD (v.):
     I To shape: q. v.: rūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     II To knead: q. v.

MOULDER (subs.): expr. by verb: v. Also maker.

MOULDER (v.):
     1 viśīryate (pass. of śṛ): v. To decay.

MOULDINESS: Of soil: mṛdumṛnmayatā (?).

MOULDY: Of soil: mṛdumṛnmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

MOULT: paśupakṣiṇāṃ romādīni pātayati (c. of pat).

MOUND: vapra (mn.): v. Also hill.

MOUNT (subs.): śailaḥ: v. Mountain.

MOUNT (v.t.):
     I Lit.: to get up: ā-rohati adhi-, (rūh, c. 1.).
     II To furnish with horses: ā-rohayati adhi-, (c. of ruh).
     III To set: nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     IV To raise: uccaiḥ karoti. Ph.: to m. guard: rakṣāsthānamadhitiṣṭhati (?).

MOUNT (v. i.):
     I To ascend: q.v.
     II On horse-back: aśvam ārohati.

MOUNTAIN:
     1 parvataḥ, a range of m.s: kulaparvataḥ, V. p.;
     2 giriḥ, waters of m.-streams: girinadīsalilāni, Sa.;
     3 śailam, m.-residence: śailavāsaḥ, Ki.;
     4 adriḥ, the summit of a m.: adreḥ śṛṅgam;
     5 nagaḥ, chief of m.s: nagādhirājaḥ, Ku.;
     6 bhūdharaḥ and sim. comp.s.;
     7 acalaḥ;
     8 śikharin (m.).

MOUNTAIN-DEW: i. e. Scotch whisky: *girimadirā.

MOUNTAINEER:
     1 (pa) pārvatīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), Ku.;
     2 parvatavāsin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

MOUNTAINOUS:
     I Lit.:
     1 pa(pā)rvatīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 śailamayaḥ (yī yaṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Huge: parvatapramāṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp.s.

MOUNTEBANK: pīṭhamardaḥ (?): v. Quack.

MOUNTING (subs.):
     I Ascent: q. v.
     II On horse-back: aśvārohaṇam.
     III Equipment, embellishment: q. v.

MOURN (v.):
     1 śocati anu- pari-, (śuc, c. 1.);
     2 vilapati (lap, c. l.);
     3 pari-devayate (div, c. 10 (rare).

MOURNER: śocakaḥ anu-; better by adj.

MOURNFUL:
     I Expressing sorrow: śokasūcaka (f. cikā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Full of sorrow: śokākulaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     III Causing sorrow: śokakaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

MOURNFULLY:
     1 saśokam;
     2 better by adj.

MOURNFULNESS:
     I Sorrow, grief: śokākulatā and sim. comp.s.
     II Sadness, as of places: śocyatā.
     III Expression of sorrow: śokasūcakatā and sim. terms.

MOURNING (subs.):
     I As felt: śokaḥ: v. Grief, sorrow.
     II As expressed by dress, etc.: to be in m.s: śucā or śokena tiṣṭhati (?); dressed in m. *śokavāsāṃsi paridhāya, etc.

MOUSE: bhūṣi(ṣa)kaḥ, its hole: bilam or vivaram, H.; by the smell of a m.: mūṣikagandhena, Mah.; m.trap *mūṣikabandhaḥ or mūṣikagrahayantram.

MOUSE-TRAP (v.): *mūpikabandhena badhnāti (bandh, c. 9).

MOUSER: *mūṣikagrahaḥ or -grāhakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

MOUSTACHE: gumphaḥ.

MOUTH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 mukham, from the m. of Vasantaka: vasantakasya mukhāt, K.s.; of unchecked m.: ayantritamukhaḥ (khā khaṃ), D. viii.; honey in m., (but) poison in heart: mukhamadhurhṛ dayaviṣaḥ, Sa. v.;
     2 vaktram;
     3 āsyam;
     4 ānanam;
     5 vadanam. N.B. These words also mean face and when the meaning is doubtful, ranghra should be added, as vaktrarandhram, R. ix. 63.
     II Of things:
     1 mukham, pots with closed m.s.: apinaddhamukhā ghaṭāḥ, Ve. iii.; rising from the m.s of caves: darīmukhotthaḥ, Ku. i. 8.;
     2 vaktram, the m. of a quiver: niṣaṅgavaktram, Ki. xvii. 36.; hundred-m.ed hole: śatamukhaṃ bilam, Mah.: v. Also orifice.
     III Of a river: mukham, waters at the m. of a river: nadīmukhāmbhaḥ, R. xiii. 10.
     IV Fig.: mukham, grammar, the m. of all learning: sarvavidyānāṃ mukhaṃ vyākaraṇam, K. s. vi. 144.

MOUTH (v.):
     I To devour: q. v.: grasate (gras, c. l.).
     II To speak out, rant q. v.: śabdāyate (nomi.).

MOUTHFUL:
     1 grāsaḥ, large m.: mahān grāsaḥ, Mah.;
     2 kavalaḥ (rare), a few m.s of fresh Dub: katipayadūrvāprabālakavala-, K.;
     3 muṣṭiḥ (= handful).

MOUTHPIECE:
     I Of a wind instrument: mukham.
     II A spokesman: mukham, therefore you become my m.: tattvaṃ me mukhaṃ mava, V. i.

MOVE (subs.):
     I Movement: q.v.: calanam.
     II In play:
     1 cālanam (?: comp. Bengali cāla);
     2 pariṇāyaḥ, A. III. An ingenious course of proceeding: perh. kauśalam.

MOVE (v. i.):
     I In gen.:
     1 calati (cal, c. l.), m.ing dust: caraddharādhūli-, Ku.; the girl m.d: cacāla bālā, Ku. v. 84.; for the minds of (persons) seeking victory do not m. from policy: calati nayānna jigīṣatāṃ hi cetaḥ, Ki. x. 29.;
     2 gacchati (= to go) q.v.: v. Also to remove.
     II To make a motion: *prastāvaṃ or prastāvanāṃ karoti.

MOVE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: cālayati vi- saṃ- abhi-, (c. of cal), shalt not m. that: tāṃ na vicālayet, Vri. Ph.: to m. the bowel: virecayati (c. of ric), Sr.
     II To affect, as with gold: cālayati vi-; gen. expr. with calati.
     III To excite: q. v.: janayati (c. of jan). Ph.: m.d to pity: ārdrīkṛtahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ), K.

MOVEABLE:
     1 calaḥ (lā laṃ), love for friends is surely not m.: na khalu prema calaṃ suhṛjjane, Ku. iv. 28.;
     2 caraḥ (rā raṃ) (lit.), hence is m. and im.-m. world: ataścarācaraṃ viśvam, Ku. ii. 5.;
     3 jaṅgamaḥ (mā maṃ) (lit.), m. and im.-m. being: jaṅgamaḥ sthāvaraśca bhūtagrāmaḥ, U. vii. M.s., im.-m.s, gold: jaṅgamaṃ sthāvaraṃ hema, Vri.

MOVEMENT:
     I Lit.:
     1 gatiḥ: v. Motion;
     2 calanam, the earth moves with his m.: calane'vaniścalati tasya, Ki. xii. 28.;
     3 cāraḥ pra-, (rare), by the rapid m. of the ball: kandukasya śīghrapracāratayā, D. vi.;
     4 bhramaṇam (= going round), circular m.: maṇḍalabhramaṇam, D. II. Trans., moving: cālanam, m. of the limbs: aṅgacālanam.
     III Agitation, commotion: q. v.
     IV In music: mūrcchanā.

MOVER: i. e. proposer: prastāvakārin (f. ṇī) (?).

MOVING (adj.):
     I Lit.: jaṅgamaḥ (mā maṃ), a m. capital: jaṅgamarājadhānī, R. xvi. 26.: v. Moveable.
     II Pathetic: hṛdayaspṛś (mfn.).

MOVINGLY: hṛdayaṃ spṛṣṭvā (?): v. Pathetically.

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MOW. (v.): lunāti (, c. 9.): v. To cut.

MOWER: lāvakaḥ: v. Cutter.

MOWING (subs.):
     1 lavanam or lāvaḥ;
     2 chedanam (= cutting.).

MR. (f. MRS): śrīmat (f. ).

MUCH (adj.):
     1 bahu (f. hvī), showering too m. wealth on bards: vasūni varṣan subahūni vandinām, N. xv. 1.; with m. effort: bahuyatnena;
     2 bhūri- (mfn (= abundant: q. v.), m. fear: bhūri bhayam, Ki.;
     3 ati- (= excessive: q. v.), m. rain: ativṛṣṭiḥ;
     4 mahat (f. ) (= great: q. v.), m. time: mahān kālaḥ, K.

MUCH (subs.): bahu (n.), one who eats m.: bahumoktā, At.: I have m. to ask about it: bahu praṣṭavyamatra, Mu.; men do not believe those who talk m.: bahubhāṣiṇo na śraddadhāti lokaḥ, K.; even this is too m. from him: etadeva tasmin bahutaram, Sa. iv.

MUCH (adv.):
     1 bahu, we think m. of ourselves: ātmānaṃ bahu manyāmahe vayam, Ku. vi. 20.;
     2 ati (= greatly, exceedingly; q. v.), m. pleased: atiprītaḥ (tā taṃ).

MUCH, AS, AS: yāvat (f. ) tāvat (f. ), gave as m. wealth as..: tāvadvasu dadau yāvat.., R. xvii. 17.; as m. as (lies) in one's power: yāvacchaktitaḥ, K.

MUCH, HOW: kiyat (f. ), what thing and how m.: kiṃ vastu kiyadvā, R. v. 18.

MUCH, SO:
     I Abs:
     1 iyat (f. ), and for cooking so m. rice so m. fuel is sufficient: iyataścaudanasya pākāyaitāvadindhanaṃ paryāptam, D. viii.;
     2 etāvat (f. ), if the motion of the moon is so m. in one day: yadyekena dinenaitāvatī candragatiḥ, Gan.
     II In correlation with as much: tāvat (f. ). N.B. Use the neuter acc. sing. for adv.

MUCH, THAT: tāvat (f. ), Ku. v. 10.

MUCH LESS, MUCH MORE:
     1 kimuta, even my parents do not recognise me, m. less others: pitarāvapimāṃ na pratisaṃvidāte kimutetaraḥ, D.: he is master even of my body, m. more of (my) house, of (my) fortune, and of (my) dependants: śarīrasyāpyayameva prabhuḥ kimuta bhavanasya vibhavasya parijanasya vā, K.;
     2 kimu, m. less kings: kimu rājakam, Ki. ii. 43.;
     3 kiṃ punar, m. more one who is so high: kiṃ punaryastathoccaiḥ, Me.

MUCILAGE: no equiv.: rasaḥ may be used.

MUCK: malam: v. Dirt, dung.

MUCK-HEAP, MUCK-HILL: malarāśiḥ and sim. comp.s.

MUCOUS: cikkaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ) (= slimy: ?). M. membrane: prob. jālāni (n. pl.), "yairgavākṣitamidam śarīram" Bha.

MUD:
     1 paṅkaḥ, to remove m.: paṅkaṃ harati, V. p. v. 10. 14.; stuck in deep m.: mahāpaṅke nimagnaḥ, H. (Also poet. of any turbid liquid, apūri paṅkairiva kuṅkumasya, N.);
     2 kardamaḥ, thick m.: sāndrakardamaḥ, Ki.;
     3 jambālaḥ (mn (rare), this pond is reduced to m. jambālaśeṣametat saraḥ sañjātam, P. N.B. kardamaḥ is never applied by accurate writers to the mire of ponds etc.: comp. Bengali kādā and pāṃka |

MUD-BUILT:
     1 mārttikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 by comp.: v. Earth.

MUDDINESS:
     1 paṅkilatā;
     2 sapaṅkatā (rare);
     3 kāluṣyam (= foulness): m. of water: kāluṣyamambhasaḥ, V. p. v. 10. 14.

MUDDLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 paṅkilaṃ (f. lāṃ) karoti;
     2 kaluṣayati (nomi (= befoul: q v).
     II Fig., to confuse: ākulayati.
     III To be m.d = to be intoxicated: v. Drunk.

MUDDY:
     1 paṅkilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 sapaṅka (f. ṅkā), from pond whose water was m.: sapaṅkatoyāt sarasaḥ, Ri. i. 18.;
     3 kaluṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) (= turbid, foul).

MUD-WALL: mṛtkuḍyam and sim. comp.s.

MUFF: hastasambhāraḥ; ūrṇāmayaṃ hastatrāṇam.

MUFFIN: piṣṭakabhedaḥ.

MUFFLE: avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 10.): v. To wrap, cover, conceal.

MUFFLER:
     1 avaguṇṭhanam, let me remove your m.: apaneṣyāmi tāvatte'vaguṇṭhanam, Sa.;
     2 aṃśukam (when the sense is clear), Ki. ix. 24.

MUGGY: we have m. weather now: adhunā sarasā api nirvātatayā tāpakarā divasāḥ.

MULBERRY:
     I The tree: nūdaḥ or tūtaḥ.
     II The fruit: nūdam or tūtam, Bha.

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MULCT:
     I Subs: arthadaṇḍaḥ: v. Fine.
     II Verb: v. To fine.

MULE:
     1 aśvataraḥ;
     2 khesaraḥ;
     3 vesaraḥ;
     4 kharaḥ, horses, m. s and asses: turaṅgān kharagardabhān, Mat., f. aśvatarī, etc.

MULETEER: kharavāhakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

MULISH: pratīpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Obstinate, stubborn.

MULL (v.): vāsayati (c. of vas), m. ed: vāsitaḥ (tā taṃ), D.

MULLER:
     1 peṣaṇī;
     2 śilāpaṭṭaḥ.

MULLET: rohitaḥ; rohitamatsyaḥ.

MULLION: *vātāyanādivibhāgalambaḥ.

MULTANGULAR:
     1 bahukoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 anekāsraḥ (srā sraṃ).

MULTIFARIOUS: nānāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ): v. Various, manifold.

MULTIFORM:
     1 bahurūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 naikarūpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     3 nānārūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

MULTILATERAL:
     1 bahubhujaḥ (jā jaṃ);
     2 bhūribhujaḥ (jā jaṃ).

MULTINOMIAL: *bahupadaḥ (dā daṃ). The m. theorem: bahupadavṛddhitattvam.

MULTIPLE:
     1 *ādhāraḥ, least common m.: *sādhāraṇanīcādhāraḥ;
     2 expr. by bhājya (f. jyā) (= divisible).

MULTIPLICAND: guṇyaḥ, Li.

MULTIPLICATION:
     1 guṇanam, Li.;
     2 ghātaḥ, etc. (of the act only).

MULTIPLIER: guṇakaḥ, Li.

MULTIPLY (v. t.):
     I In arith.:
     1 guṇayati, m. ing (we) get (1/6): guṇite jātam (??), Li.;
     2 hanti ā- ni-, (han, c. 2.), m. ied by three: trinighnaḥ, Li.
     II To increase: q. v.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

MULTIPLY (v. i.):
     1 bahulībhavati;
     2 vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.): v. To increase.

MULTITUDE:
     I A collection, number:
     1 samūhaḥ;
     2 saṅghaḥ;
     3 oghaḥ;
     4 samavāyaḥ: v. Also many.
     II Of men: janasamavāyaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Crowd.
     III = populace:
     1 prajāḥ (pl. =people);
     2 prākṛtāḥ (= common men).

MULTITUDINOUS: bahulaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Many, to crowd.

MUMBLE: gajagajāyate (nomi. ?): v. To murmur.

MUMMER: chadmaveśin (m.)(?): v. Buffoon.

MUMMERY: māyā (?): v. Jugglery, trick.

MUMMY: sugandhauṣadhādibhiḥ parirakṣitaḥ śavaḥ, Ph.: to beat a m.: mṛtasyopari khaḍgapātaḥ.

MUMFS: lālāśayaśothaḥ (?).

MUNCH: mukhaṃ saṃvṛtya carvati (carv, c. 1.): v. To chew.

MUNDANE:
     1 sāṃsārikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 laukikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

MUNICIPAL: expr. by comp. or gen.

MUNICIPALITY: *kṣemamaṇḍalam.

MUNIFICENCE:
     1 vadānyatā;
     2 tyāgaśālitā;
     3 muktahastatā; etc.

MUNIFICENT:
     1 vadānya (f. nyā);
     2 dānaśauṇḍa (f. ṇḍā);
     3 tyāgaśālin (f. ); etc.

MUNIFICENTLY:
     1 muktahastam;
     2 vadānyatayā (?).

MUNIMENT: durgam: v. Fort, fortification.

MUNITION: v. Fortification. M. of war: yuddhasāmagrī.

MURAL: expr. by comp., m. circle: *kuḍyavṛttam.

MURDER (subs.):
     1 vadhaḥ (intentional: q. v.), to commit wife and friend-m.: strīsuhṛdvadhaṃ karoti, Mr. xi. 89.; m. of a Brāhmaṇa: kāmato (= intentional) brāhmaṇavadhaḥ, Go.;
     2 hatyā (not necessarily i.), m. of a father: pitṛhatyā.

MURDER (v. t.):
     1 expr. by subs:
     2 hanti (han, c. 2.): v. To kill;
     3 mārayati (c. of mṛ) (rare), Mr. viii.

MURDERER: ghātakaḥ, secret m.: upāṃśughātakaḥ, Vri.: v. Killer.

MURDEROUS:
     I Accompanied with murder: expr. by circumlo: v. Also bloody, cruel.
     II Intending murder:
     1 hantukāmaḥ (mā maṃ), of m. intent: hantukāmabuddhiḥ, Mr. ix.;
     2 jighāṃsu (mfn.), the m. beast: jighāṃsurmṛgaḥ, Ki. xiv. 14. Ph.: in m. works: māraṇātmakeṣu śāstreṣu, K.

MURDEROUSLY:
     1 dārūṇam (= ferociously);
     2 niṣṭhuram (= cruelly).

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MURIATIC: i. e. hydrochloric: q. v.

MURKILY: expr. by adj.: v. Also obscurely.

MURKY: tāmasaḥ (sī saṃ): v. Dark, gloomy.

MURMUR (subs.):
     I A low sound: kalakalaḥ.
     II A complaint: utkrośaḥ (= cry: q. v.).

MURMUR (v.):
     I To make a low sound: kalakalaṃ karoti.
     II To grumble: q. v.: khiṭakhiṭāyate (nomi.) (?).

MURMURING:
     I Lit.: Subs.: v. Murmur.
     II Adj.: expr. by comp.

MURRAIN: paśūnāṃ mārī (?).

MUSCLE:
     I Of the body: peśī māṃsa-, Bha.
     II A kind of fish: śambūkaviśeṣaḥ.

MUSCULAR:
     I Pertaining to muscles: by comp. or gen., m. action: peśīnāṃ karma, Bha.
     II Strong, powerful: q. v.: māṃsalaḥ (lā laṃ).

MUSE (subs.):
     I Meditation: dhyānam.
     II Goddess of learing: vidyādevī (?).

MUSE (v.): dhyāyati (dhyai, c. 1.): v. To meditate, think.

MUSEUM: *kautukāgāram and sim. comp.s.

MUSHROOM:
     1 chatram -trā;
     2 chatrakaḥ;
     3 chatrākaḥ.

MUSIC:
     I The art:
     1 saṅgītam, m. -room: saṅgītaśālā, Sa.;
     2 gītam (= vocal m.), learnt vocal and instrumental m.: gītaṃ vāditrañca pratyavindat, Mah.;
     3 vādyam or vāditram (= instrumental m.);
     4 gāndharvam, to hear m.: gāndharvaṃ śrotum, Mr. iii.; one who knows m.: gāndharvajñaḥ, K. s. xi. 11.
     II Melody, harmony:
     1 mūrcchanā or mārjanā (= succession of modulated sounds), Si. i. 10.;
     2 svanaḥ (= sound), m. of lyre: tantrīsvanaḥ, Mr.;
     3 mādhuryam (= sweetness).

MUSICAL:
     I Relating to music: expr. by comp., in the special m. works: gāndharvavedaviśeṣeṣu, K. II. Fond of m.: saṅgītapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     III Melodious, sweet: madhuraḥ (rā raṃ).

MUSICALLY: madhuram, Mr.: v. Melodiously, sweetly.

MUSICIAN:
     1 gāndharvajña (f. jñā);
     2 gītakovidaḥ (dā daṃ) (vocal), Mah.

MUSK:
     1 kastūrī;
     2 mṛganāmiḥ;
     3 mṛgamadaḥ. M.-bag.:
     1 kastūrīmallikā;
     2 mṛgamadavāsā;
     3 aṇḍaḥ-ṇḍam (when the sense is clear), Kuv.

MUSK-DEER: kastūrīmṛgaḥ (?) or kastūrikāmṛgaḥ, Kuv.

MUSK-MELON: kharbūjam, Bha.

MUSK-RAT: gandhamūṣikaḥ; gandhākhuḥ.

MUSKET: bandukaḥ, m.-ball: *bandukaguliḥ

MUSKETEER: *bandukabhṛt (mfn.); *bandukadhārin (f. ṇī); etc.

MUSKETRY: *bandukāḥ (m. pl.), fire of m.: bandukāgniḥ.

MUSLIN: *mammalam (comp. Bengali malmal).

MUSSULMAN: *mahammadadharsāvalambin (f. ); mahammadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

MUST (subs.): drākṣāniṣpīḍitaṃ navamadyam.

MUST (v.):
     1 avaśyam with future pass. part, if (you) m. go: avaśyaṃ yadi gantavyam, P.; you m. tell (me) the reason: tvayāvaśyaṃ kāraṇaṃ vaktavyam, Vet.; what m. come to pass: avaśyabhavyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ), N.;
     2 niyamena (rare) with same cons., I m. kill (him): niyamena mayā nivarhaṇīyaḥ, Ki.: v. Also should.

MUSTARD: sarṣapaḥ, m.-oil: sarṣapatailam, Sr. Black m.: kṛṣṇikā rājikā (rare), P. White m.: siddhārthakaḥ.

MUSTER (subs.): expr. by verb.: v. Also collection, review.

MUSTER (v. t.): samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To collect.

MUSTER (v. i.):
     1 samāgacchati (gam, c. 1.);
     2 samaiti (i, c. 2.).

MUSTER-ROLL: *saṃkhyānapatrikā and sim. comp.s.

MUSTINESS: kāluṣyam: v. Foulness.

MUSTY: kaluṣitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Foul.

MUTABILITY: parivṛttiśīlatā, etc.: v. Also inconstancy.

MUTABLE:
     1 parivṛttiśīlaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 vikāravat (f. ) (gen. for the worse);
     3 anavasthitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= inconstant, fickle: q. v.).

MUTE (adj.): mūkaḥ (kā kaṃ), with the birds m.: mūkāṇḍajam, Ku. iii. 42.: v. Dumb, speechless.

MUTE (subs.):
     I Of birds: purīṣam, R.: v. Dung.
     II A consonant: *mūkaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     III An attendant at a funeral: mṛtaparicārakaḥ (?).

MUTE (v.):
     I To cast off: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.).
     II To dung: purīṣamutsṛjati.

MUTELY:
     1 mukavat;
     2 niḥśabdam.

MUTILATE:
     I Lit.: vyaṅgīkaroti, why you m.d your wife: kimarthaṃ tvayā bhāryā vyaṅgitā, P. i. 4.
     II Fig.: Perh. vikalīkaroti, "m.d poets": vikalīkṛtakavayaḥ; the Vyaktiviveka and Ālochana are here only in a m.d form: vyaktivivekālocanagranthāvatra khaṇḍitāveva staḥ, Mahesha.

MUTILATION:
     I The act: vyaṅgīkaraṇam.
     II The state: vaikalyam.
     III Of works: *vikalīkaraṇam.

MUTINEER: vidrohin (f. ṇī) (?); antaḥprakopakārin (f. ṇī) (?).

MUTINOUS:
     1 vidrohajananaḥ (nī naṃ) (?);
     2 antaḥprakopakaraḥ (rī raṃ); etc.

MUTINOUSLY: expr. by adj. or prest. part.

MUTINY (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 sainikavidrohaḥ (?);
     2 sainyaprakopaḥ (?).
     II Fig.: tumult, uproar: q. v.: saṃrambhaḥ.

MUTINY (v.):
     1 vidrohaṃ karoti (?);
     2 adhijāyate (jan, c. 4 (with loc.) (?), D. iii.

MUTTER (v.): asphuṭaṃ jalpati (jalp, c. 1.) (of men) and sim. comp.s., the sky looks sounding with m.ing thunder and rolling with wind: ambaraṃ vispaṣṭāśaninisvanena rasatīvāghūrṇatīvānilaiḥ, Mr. v. 26.

MUTTON:
     1 meṣamāṃsam;
     2 meṣāmiṣam, Bha.; and sim. comp.s.

MUTUAL:
     1 paraspara- in comp. or gen. (= one another: q. v.), m. love: parasparasya prītiḥ, Raj.;
     2 sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī) (= common), m. good: sādhāraṇaṃ śreyaḥ, Mah.

MUTUALLY:
     1 parasparam;
     2 anyonyam;
     3 mithaḥ, m. contending: mithovirodhin (f. ), Ki.

MUZZLE (subs.):
     I Mouth: q. v.: mukham.
     II A fastening for the m.: mukhabandhanam -nī.

MUZZLE (v.): mukhaṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To bind, prevent.

MY
     1 mama or me (never at the beginning of a sentence) or mat in comp., I for my part think so: mama tāvanmatamidam, Si.; you are my second heart: tvamasi me hṛdayaṃ dvitīyam, U.; my wife: madgehinī, Me.;
     2 madīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), my milk: madīyaṃ payaḥ, R.; like my mother: madīyā jananīva, R.;
     3 often not expr. when the meaning is clear, today is the tenth month from the demise of my father: adya daśamo māsastātasyoparatasya, Mu.; even my parents: pitarāvapi, D.;
     4 māmakīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (rare).

MYRIAD: ayutam; daśasahasram; M.s. of: sahasraśaḥ.

MYRMIDON: krūraparicaraḥ.

MYROBALAN: āmalakam -kī.

MYRRH:
     1 gandharasaḥ;
     2 rasagandhaḥ;
     3 bolaḥ.

MYRTLE: latāviśeṣaḥ; *mūrtā.

MYSELF:
     I In person: svayam, I m.: svayamevāham, K. II. = me.: ātmānam, I will show m.: ātmānaṃ darśayiṣyāmi, K.

MYSTERIOUS:
     1 gahanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= impenetrable);
     2 nigūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (= secret, obscure);
     3 durjñeyaḥ and sim. comp.s. (= unintelligible);
     4 tāmasaḥ (sī saṃ) etc. (= dark).

MYSTERIOUSLY:
     1 expr. with adj.;
     2 gūḍham ni- (= secretly).

MYSTERY: nigūḍhatattvam, Ki. and sim. expr. s, m.ies of London: *laṇḍanarahasyāni (n.): v. Mysterious.

MYSTIC, -AL:
     I Mysterious: q. v.: durjñeyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     II Belonging to mystics: expr. by comp.s.

MYSTIC (subs.):
     1 paramahaṃsaḥ (?), Pa.;
     2 brahmabhikṣuḥ (?), Pa.

MYSTICALLY: expr. with adj.

MYSTICISM:
     I Obscurity: nigūḍhatā.
     II Doctrine of mystic: yogadharmaḥ (?).

MYSTIFY:
     1 gahanīkarīti (?);
     2 nigūḍhīkaroti (?).

MYTH, -E: (?) itihāsaḥ purātanaḥ, Mah.; paurāṇikī kathā.

MYTHICAL:
     I Lit.: paurāṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ).
     II Imaginary, fanciful: kālpanikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

MYTHOLOGIST: purāṇajñaḥ, Mah.; purāṇavid (m.); and sim. comp.s.

MYTHOLOGY: purāṇam (specially of the 18 Purāṇas of Hindus).

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NAB (v.): akasmāt gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To catch, surprise.

NABOB:
     I Lit.: *nabābaḥ.
     II Fig., a rich man: *nabābaḥ; bhogapatiḥ.

NACRE, NAKER: śuktyudaram (?).

NADIR: harijatalam (?).

NAG:
     I A horse: q. v.: aśvakaḥ.
     II A paramour: jāraḥ.

NAIAD: jaladevatā; apsaras (f.) (usually in the pl.) (= heavenly nymph).

NAIL (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 nakhaḥ, to keep n.s: nakhāni bimarti, M. vi. 6.; having n.s: nakhin (f. ), H.; n. -brush: *nakhamārjanī;
     2 nakharaḥ, striking with n.s (claws): nakhaprahāraḥ, Mah. iii. Ph.: tooth and n.: ākeśāgrādānakhāntāt, At.; on the n.: (= immediately) tatkṣaṇāt.
     II Of metal: kīlakaḥ. Ph.: to hit n. on the head: marmaṇi vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.).

NAIL (v.): kīlayati (kīl, c. 10.): v. To fasten.

NAIVE:
     1 saralaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Śimple, ingenuous;
     2 prakṛtimadhuraḥ (rā raṃ), K.

NAIVELY: sahajasaralatayā; svamāvasaujanyena.

NAIVETE:
     1 sahajasaralatā;
     2 svabhāvasujanatā;
     3 prakṛtimadhuratā.

NAKED:
     I Lit.:
     1 nagna (f. gnā), what are you looking, n. woman: kiṃ nirīkṣase nagnike, P. iv. 62.;
     2 anāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (= not covered, bare), Mah.;
     3 vivastra (f. strā) and sim. comp.s. (= without clothes), Mah.;
     4 digambaraḥ (rā raṃ) (poet), made n.: cakre digambaraḥ, K. s. xiii. 147.
     II Fig.: open, plain: anāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Mere, simple: kevalaḥ (lā laṃ).

NAKEDLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by adj.
     II Fig., openly: spaṣṭam.

NAKEDNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 nagnatvam, n. of Śiva: nagnatvaṃ nīlakaṇṭhasya, H. i.;
     2 digambaratvam, Ku.; etc.
     II Openness, exposure: anāvṛtatā.

NAME (subs.):
     I Of person or thing:
     1 nāman (n.), only the n. of Duryodhana remains: nāmaikaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrasya śeṣam, Vi.; who bear the mere n.: kevalaṃ nāmadhārakāḥ, Pa.; with (their) father's n.: pitṛnāmaikapūrvakam, Y.: kept the n. of the son Chandrāpiḍa: sūnoścandrāpīḍa iti nāma cakāra, K.; to call by n.: nāmagrāhamāhvayati, S. k.;
     2 nāmadheyam, asking the n.s of trees: nāmadheyāni pṛcchantau  .śākhināṃ, R.; do (you) know them by n.: api jñāyante nāmagheyataḥ, Mu.
     3 abhidhānam, who is this girl and what is her n.: keyaṃ kanyakā kimamidhānā, K. II. Reputation, renown: q. v.: nāman, whose n. even enemies approve: nāma yasyābhinandanti dviṣo'pi, Ki. xi. 73.; bad n.: durnāma; "men of n.": nāmaśālinaḥ or khyātanāmānaḥ.
     III Authority: vacanam, go and in my n. rebuke: gaccha madvacanāt . upālamasva, Sa. vi.
     IV In adjuration: in the n. of gods: devān sākṣīkṛtya.

NAME (v. t.):
     I To call: q. v.: nāma karoti or kurūte (with gen.), and then should n. (him): tataśca nāma kurvīta, V. p.; therefore n.d him Aja after God: ato brahmaṇo nāmnā tamajaṃ cakāra, R. v. 36.
     II To mention by n.: nāma karoti gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.) or bravīti (brū, c. 2.), etc.; still n.s that wretch: adyāpi tasyaiva pāpasya nāma gṛhvāti, Mr. viii.
     III To appoint, fix.: nāmnā nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.).

NAMED (adj.):
     1 nāma (rarely nāmnā = by name); n. Vimardaka: vimardako nāma, D. ii.; a town n. Valabhi: valamī nāma nagarī, D. vi.;
     2 by comp., of a swan n. Karpūrakeli: karpūrakelināmno rājahaṃsasya, H.: v. Also to call.

NAMELESS:
     1 anāmakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 nāmahīnaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Name.

NAMELY: animals are of two kinds, n., worldly and free: jīvā dvividhāḥ saṃsāriṇo muktāśca, D. s. iii.; some say truths are seven, n., animate and inanimate beings, allurement, bond, control, casting off and emancipation: kecana sapta tattvānīti varṇayanti tadāha jīvājīvāsravabandhasaṃvaranirjaramokṣāstattvānīti, D. s.; there are two ways of correcting disaffective people, n., favour and chastisement: iha khalu viraktānāṃ prakṛtīnāṃ dvividhaṃ pratividhānam tadyathānugraho nigrahaśce ti; it is of two kinds, n., visible and invisible: tad dvividhaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭabhedāt, D. s. xi.

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NAMESAKE:
     1 sanāman (mfn.);
     2 samanāman (mfn.).

NAMING (subs.):
     1 nāmakaraṇam;
     2 nāmagrahaṇam; etc.: v. Name.

NAP (subs.):
     I A short sleep: svalpanidrā (?): v. Sleep.
     II Down: loman (n.) (?).

NAP (v.): svalpaṃ or kṣaṇa svapiti (svap, c. 2.) (?): v. To sleep.

NAPE: of the neck:
     1 ghāṭāḥ
     2 kṛkāṭikā;
     3 avaṭuḥ: To turn by the n.: arddhacandraṃ dattvā niḥsārayati, P.

NAPKIN: *mukhamārjanī and sim. comp.s.

NAPLESS: jīrṇa (f. rṇā) (= decayed, old): v. Threadbare.

NARCISSUS: lārkasākhye puṣpe tatprasavinyāṃ latāyāñca.

NARCOTIC, -AL (adj.)):
     1 nidrādāyin (f. );
     2 svapnakaraḥ (rī raṃ).

NARCOTIC (subs.): upaviṣam 'sapta viṣajātayaḥ', Bha.

NARD:
     1 naladam;
     2 jaṭāmāṃsī;
     3 jaṭilā.

NARRATE: varṇayati upa-, (varṇ, c. 10.): v. To relate, describe.

NARRATION:
     I Description, relation: varṇanā.
     II Story: kathā.

NARRATIVE (subs.):
     1 kathā (= story);
     2 varṇanā (= description).

NARRATIVE (adj.): expr. by comp. or adj.

NARRATOR: kathakaḥ (= tell-tale); varṇayitṛ (f. trī) (= describer).

NARROW (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 avistṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 alpaparisaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 saṃkīrṇa (f. rṇā) (?).
     II Mean: kṣudra (f. drā).
     III Exact: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā).

NARROW (v. t.): saṃ-kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To contract.

NARROW (v. i.): saṃ-kṣipyate (pass. of kṣip), etc.

NARROWLY:
     I With difficulty: kathaṃ kathamapi.
     II Closely, minutely: sūkṣmam.
     III Contractedly: saṃkṣepeṇa.

NARROW-MINDED:
     1 kṣudramanas (mfn.);
     2 alpacetas (mfn.).

NARROWNESS:
     I Contractedness: saṃkīrṇatā (?)
     II Meanness: kṣudratā.
     III Poverty: dainyam.

NARWHAL, NARWAL, NARWHALE: *ekaśṛṅgin (m.).

NASAL: anunāsikaḥ (kī kaṃ). N. dot: anusvāraḥ.

NASALIZE: nāsikayā uccārayati (c. of car).

NASCENT:
     1 jāyamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 utpadyamānaḥ (nā naṃ).

NASTILY: kutsitam: v. Dirtily.

NASTINESS: kutsitatā: v. Dirtiness.

NASTY: kutsitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Dirty, foul.

NATAL: janma- in comp., n. day: janmadinam, Ku.

NATION: no equiv.: jātiḥ is used, but very ambiguous: better expr. with deśīyāḥ (= natives) or lokāḥ (= people), all other n.s: *aparāparadeśīyāḥ; a n. is the unity of a people: *prajānāmaikyaṃ deśīyatvam.

NATIONAL:
     1 deśa- in comp., n. language: deśabhāṣā;
     2 deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), n. dress: deśīyaveṣaḥ.

NATIONALITY: deśāmimānitā and sim. comp.s. (?).

NATIONALLY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. Also wholly, generally.

NATIVE (adj.):
     I Natal: janma- in comp., yet who forgets his n. land: tathāpi kena vā janmabhūmirna smaryate, V. p.: n. language: mātṛbhāṣā.
     II Born with one:
     1 sahajaḥ (jā jaṃ), n. unsteadiness: sahajacāpalam, Si.;
     2 svabhāvajaḥ (jā jaṃ), n. dignity: svamāvajaṃ dhāma, Ki. ii.
     III Not foreign: deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     IV Not artificial: akṛtrimaḥ (mā maṃ).

NATIVE (subs.):
     1 deśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 deśavāsin (f. );
     3 gen. by deriv., n. of Ayodhyā: āyodhyikaḥ, U. N.B. The names of countries also indicate their n.s, n. s of Persia: pārasikāḥ.

NATIVITY:
     I Birth: q. v.: janman- (n.), sign of n.: janmarāśiḥ.
     II Horoscope: janmapatrikā; great, short work on n.: bṛhajjātakam laghujātakam; to cast, calculate n.: jātakaṃ nirūpayati gaṇayati; verse about n.: jātakaślokaḥ, M. on. R. iii. 13.

NATURAL (adj.):
     I In gen.:
     1 svābhāvikaḥ (kī kaṃ), n. fragrance: svābhāvikaṃ sauramyam, R.;
     2 naisargikaḥ (kī kaṃ), n. opposition: naisargiko virodhaḥ, R. vi. 46.;
     3 sahajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (= born with one), n. affection: sahajasnehaḥ, Ki.;
     4 prakṛtisiddha (f. ddhā), this is n. for great men: prakṛtisiddhamidaṃ hi mahātmanām, H.;
     5 nisargajaḥ (jā jaṃ), etc. (rare), n. friend: svabhāvajaṃ mitram, H.; n. death: svāmāvikamṛtyuḥ; n. caves or reservoir: devakhātam. Ph.: it is n. for... better expr. by subs.: v. Nature (V). II. Of the nature: prākṛtikaḥ (kī kaṃ); prakṛti- in comp.
     III Resembling the object imitated: svarūpa- in comp.: v. True.
     IV Illegitimate:
     1 gūḍhajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (born in private), Y.;
     2 *bījajaḥ (jā jaṃ) (after kṣetrajaḥ). Miscell.: n. history: *prāṇitattvam; n. philosophy: *padārthavijñānam; n. theology: *prākṛtaṃ brahmadarśanam; n. order: *prakṛtaśreṇiḥ.

NATURAL (subs.): yathājātaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Idiot.

NATURALISM:
     I Lit.: svābhāvikāvasthā.
     II Theo.: *prakṛtivādaḥ.

NATURALIST:
     I In gen.: prāṇitattvavid (mfn.); etc.
     II Theo.: *prakṛtivādin (f. ).

NATURALIZATION: v. Naturalize.

NATURALIZE:
     I To make as if native: deśīyaṃ (f. yāṃ) karoti (?); n.d German: *labdhajarmanādhikāraḥ; jarmanīkṛtaḥ.
     II To adopt: svīkaroti.
     III To adapt: upayuktaṃ (f. ktāṃ) karoti.

NATURALLY:
     I By nature:
     1 by comp., for bad men are n. not friend of the good: prakṛtyamitrā hi satāmasādhavaḥ, Ki.; n. complaisant: nisargadakṣiṇa (f. ṇā), Si. xv. 68.;
     2 svamāvataḥ;
     3 prakṛtyā;
     4 nisargeṇa.
     II By birth: q. v.: janmanā.
     III Without addition: a new cloud is n. beautiful: kevalo'pi subhago navāmbudaḥ, R. ii. 80.; pearls are n. pleasing to the eye: prāgeva muktā nayanābhirāmāḥ, R. xvi. 69.
     IV Spontaneously: svataḥ, good men are n. bent for others: svata eva satāṃ parārthatā, N. ii. 61. V. As a natural consequence: perh. svata eva: v. Indisputably, necessarily.

NATURE:
     I The creation, the universe: q. v.: sṛṣṭiḥ.
     II The original cause: prakṛtiḥ.
     III Kind, sort: q. v.: prakāraḥ.
     IV Substance, purport: q. v.: bhāvaḥ. V. Natural constitution:
     1 svabhāvaḥ, for n. is at the head above all qualities: atītya hi guṇān sarvān svamāvo mūrdhni vartate, H.;
     2 prakṛtiḥ, it is the n. of the great: prakṛtiḥ khalu sā mahīyasaḥ, Ki.;
     3 nisargaḥ (mostly as =adv.), this grove is beautiful by n.: nisargaramaṇīyo'yamārāmaḥ, Pra.;
     4 bhāvaḥ in comp., of impure n.: aśuddhabhāvaḥ (vā vaṃ) Mah.;
     5 śīlam (mostly in comp.), for it is the n. of inebriety and insanity: śīlaṃ hi madonmādayoḥ, D. ii.; bad n.d: duḥśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     VI Essential n.: svarūpam, n. of the soul: ātmasvarūpam, S. vii. Ph.: to attend to, satisfy a call of n.: maitraṃ karoti, V. p. iii. 13. 8.; śaucaṃ karoti, Mah. s. 193. 4.

NATURED: by comp., good n.: suśīlaḥ (lā laṃ).

NAUGHT (subs.): śūnyam. To set at n.: na tṛṇāya manyate (man, c. 4.).

NAUGHT (adj.): akiñcitkaraḥ (rī raṃ).

NAUGHTY: duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): V. Also vicious.

NAUSEA:
     I Sea-sickness: utkledaḥ, Wilson.; vamiḥ.
     II Fig.: loathing: jugupsā.

NAUSEATE (v. t.):
     I To sicken: utkledaṃ janayati (c. of jan) (?).
     II Fig.: jugupsate.

NAUSEOUS: jugupsitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Loathesome.

NAUSEOUSNESS: jugupsitatā; better by adj.

NAUTICAL: nāvika- in comp., n. almanac: *nāvikapañjikā.

NAVAL:
     1 samudra- in comp., n. fight: *samudrayuddham;
     2 sāmudrikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Also D. vi., R. iv. 36.

NAVE:
     I Of a wheel:
     1 nābhiḥ (bhī) (f.);
     2 piṇḍiḥ (ṇḍī) (f.).
     II Of a church: perh. nābhiḥ; madhyamāgaḥ
     III Fig.: nābhiḥ, you are the n. of this world: tvamasya jagato nābhiḥ, V. p.v. 7. 35.

NAVEL: nābhiḥ, n. -string: nābhinālam, R. v. 7.

NAVIGABLE:
     1 nāvyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ) made n. rivers fordable: nāvyā nadīḥ supratarāścakāra, R. iv. 31.;
     2 nautārya (f. ryā), A.

NAVIGATE:
     I To sail: potena or naukayā parikrāmati (kram, c. 1 (?).
     II To direct, steer: cālayati (c. of cal) (?).

NAVIGATION:
     I The art: potasañcālanakalā and sim. comp.s. (?).
     II The act: Ph.: inland n., nadyādiṣu potacālanam (?).

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NAVIGATOR: naucālanavid (mfn (?); potasañcālanapaṭu (mfn (?); etc.: v. Also sailor.

NAVY: potāvaliḥ and sim. comp.s.

NAY: v. No. Ph.: N. more: aghikañcaḥ v. Moreover. N. rather: varam: v. Rather, better.

NEAP (adj.): n. -tide: asaṃpūrṇā velā (?): v. Tide.

NEAR (prep.):
     1 upa- in comp., n. Bhaimī: upabhaimi, N.;
     2 ārāt (with abl.), n. the forest: ārādvanāt, S. k.;
     3 nikaṣā (with acc.), n. Lankā: laṅkāṃ nikaṣā, Si.;
     4 samayā (with acc.): v. Near (adj. and adv.).

NEAR (adj.):
     I In time: āsanna (f. nnā), "n. death": āsannamṛtyu (mfn.), M. n.: v. Approaching.
     II In place:
     1 nikaṭastha (f. sthā);
     2 samīpavartin (f. ), very n. the fire of heartache: *samīpataravarti hṛdayaśokāgneḥ, K.;
     3 āsanna (f. nnā), prati-, at heart, yet not n.: hṛdayasthamanāsannama, R.;
     4 sannihitaḥ (tā taṃ), and here (her) superior is not n.: na ca sannihito'tra gurujanaḥ, Sa.;
     5 sannikṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ);
     6 abhyarṇa (f. rṇā) (rare);
     7 upoḍha (f. ḍhā) (rare).
     III Intimate, dear: q. v.: āsanna (f. nnā) (?), does not admit me in n. concerns: na māmāsannakāryeṣvabhyantarīkaroti, D. viii.
     IV Of roads: perh. āsanna (f. nnā); sannihita (f. ): v. Straight.
     V Of relation: nikaṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ), n. relation: nikaṭabandhuḥ.
     VI Close-fisted: q. v.

NEAR (adv.):
     I Not remote: to be n.: samīpe vartate, Sa.; came n. the king: rājāntikamājagāma, K.; caming n.er and n.er: antikāntikagataḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. ix. 21.; keep him n.: taṃ pārśve karoti, K.; n. situated: nikaṭastha (f. sthā). N.B. Note the use of acc. after verbs of motion and of loc. after other verbs.
     II Nearly: q. v.

NEAR (v.): upasarati (sṛ, c. 1.), K.: v. To approach.

NEARLY (adj.):
     I Within a little:
     1 prāyaḥ (= almost: q. v.), n. dead: mṛtaprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 kiñcidūnam (= little less), n. ten thousand winters: kiñcidūnaṃ śaradāmayutam, R. x. 1.
     II Closely: expr. with adj.: v. Near (VI)
     III Pressingly: bhṛśam.

NEARNESS:
     I Of time: āsannatā.
     II Of place:
     1 āsannatā;
     2 naikaṭyam;
     3 sāmīpyam; etc.
     III Kindred: naikaṭyam (?).
     IV Stinginess: baddhamuṣṭitā.

NEAR-SIGHTED: adūradarśin (f. ): v. Shortsighted.

NEAT (adj.):
     1 śomanaḥ (nā naṃ) (= fine: q. v.);
     2 śuddha (f. ddhā) (= clean, pure: q. v.), n. brandy: *śuddhavārūṇī.

NEAT (subs.): gāvaḥ (m. pl.): v. Cattle.

NEAT-HERD:
     1 gopālaḥ;
     2 gorakṣakaḥ: v. Cowherd.

NEATNESS:
     1 śobhanatā: v. Fineness, elegance;
     2 śuddhatā: v. Cleanness.

NEBULA: *gaganakalaṅkaḥ.

NEBULOUS: meghācchanna (f. nnā): v. Cloudy, misty.

NECESSARIAN:
     1 daiṣṭikaḥ;
     2 daivapramāṇakaḥ (= fatalist).

NECESSARIANISM: daiṣṭikatā;
     2 *avaśyambhavavādaḥ.

NECESSARILY:
     1 avaśyam: v. Must;
     2 niyatam: v. Certainly.

NECESSARY (adj.):
     I Subs., as must be:
     1 avaśyambhāvin (f. );
     2 avaśyamavya (f. vyā), in (all) n. (matters): avaśyabhavyeṣu, N. i. 120.
     II Indispensable, requisite:
     1 āvaśyakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), satisfying the n. calls of nature: śaucamāvaśyakaṃ kṛtvā, Mah. s. 193. 4.;
     2 prayojanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     III Not free: paravat (f. ): v. Dependent.

NECESSARY (subs.):
     I Anything n.: expr. by adj.
     II A privy: q. v.

NECESSITARIAN: *avaśyambhavavādin (f. ): v. Necessarian.

NECESSITATE:
     I To compel: q. v.: expr. with balāt.
     II To make indispensable: expr. by adj.

NECESSITIOUS: niḥsva (f. svā): v. Indigent.

NECESSITY:
     I Unavoidableness: avaśyambhāvitā.
     II Requisiteness: āvaśyakīyatā.
     III Indigence: dainyam.
     IV Anything necessary: prayojanam.
     V Fate, fatality:
     1 diṣṭam;
     2 mavitavyatā, V.;
     3 niyatiḥ, J.

NECK:
     I Lit.:
     1 grīvā, long n.ed: dīrghagrīva (f. ), U.; with the n. turned up: udgrīva (f. ), Ki. vii. 22.;
     2 galaḥ, putting his feet on our n.s: kṛtvā padaṃ no gale, Mu. iii.; who will seize him by the n. (and turn him out): ya enaṃ galahastayati, H. iii. or arddhacandraṃ dattvā niḥsārayati, P. i. 3.;
     3 kaṇaṭhaḥ (= throat), like a medal on his n.: asya kaṇṭhe niṣkamiva, Ku. ii. 49.;
     4 kandharā (rare);
     5 śirodharā (poet.).
     II Of a vessel: galaḥ.
     III Of land: bhūmāgaḥ. N. -break: galagrahaḥ; N. and crop: v. Completely, utterly. On the n. of: upakaṇṭham (with gen.): v. After.

NECK-BAND, NECK-CLOTH: *galāvaraṇam; graiveyakam.

NECKLACE:
     1 hāraḥ, n. of pearls: mauktikahāraḥ Ma. vi.;
     2 mālā (= wreath), (also muktākalāpaḥ, Ku.; muktāvalī, R.; rarely muktālatā, Si.). Indra tied to me a n. of Mandāra flowers: mama.. mandāramālā hariṇā pinaddhā, Sa. vii.;
     2 kaṇṭhikā, Ku.; N. of seven strings: saptanālī (?).

NECROLOGY: v. Obituary.

NECROMANCER: pretasiddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ): v. Magician.

NECROMANCY: pretasiddhiḥ: v. Magic.

NECTAR:
     I Of gods:
     1 amṛtam;
     2 sudhā;
     3 pī(pe)yūṣam.
     II Of flowers:
     1 maghu (n.);
     2 makarandaḥ.

NECTAREAN:
     1 sudhāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 amṛtamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     3 by comp.

NECTARINE (subs.): 'picca'jātīyaphalaviśeṣaḥ.

NEED (subs.):
     I Necessity:
     1 prayojanam, "at thy n.": prayojanāpekṣitayā; what n. of this pair: kimanena . yugalena prayojanam, K.;
     2 arthaḥ: v. Object.
     II Want: q. v.: abhāvaḥ.
     III Reason or occasion: no n. of quarrelling: *vivādena kim; there is no n. of going there: *tāsti prayojanaṃ tatra gamane.

NEED (v.): expr. by subs.: v. Also to require.

NEEDFUL:
     I Necessary: q. v.
     II Indigent: q. v.

NEEDINESS: dainyam: v. Indigence, poverty.

NEEDLE:
     1 sūciḥ or sūcī, the eye of a n.: sūcirandhram; the point of a n.: sūcyagram; n. woman: sūcikā; to sew with a sharp n.: tīkṣṇayā sūcyā sīvyati, Kāśikā;
     2 sevanī, n. -maker: sevanīkāraḥ (?). The magnetic n.: *ayaskāntaśalākā.

NEEDLE-WORK:
     1 sūtrakarman (n.);
     2 sūcikarman (n.).

NEEDLESS:
     1 niṣprayojanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

NEEDLESSLY: nirarthakam: v. Unnecessarily.

NEEDLESSNESS:
     1 nirarthakatā;
     2 niṣprayojanatā.

NEEDS (adv.): gen. with must: avaśyameva.

NEEDY:
     1 niḥsva (f. svā);
     2 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Poor.

NEFARIOUS: pāpiṣṭha- in comp.: v. Wicked.

NEFARIOUSLY: expr. with adj. or by circumlo.

NEFARIOUSNESS: pāpiṣṭhatāḥ v. Wickedness, heinousness.

NEGATION:
     1 nāstivādaḥ (after, D.s.);
     2 apahnavaḥ: v. Denial.

NEGATIVE (adj.):
     I Implying negation: asvīkārasūcaka (f. cikā).
     II Of propositions, etc.: nāstigarma (f. rmā) (D. s. has syānnāstīti).
     III Opposed to positive: n. quantity: kṣayarāśiḥ (after Vij.); n. sign: kṣayacihvam (arddhabinduḥ was the Hindu sign).

NEGATIVE (subs.): and it is the nature of the n. that it denies the existence of its connection: navaścaiṣa svabhāvo yat svasambandhino'māvaṃ bodhayati, S. i. 4.; to reply in the n.: neti vadati.

NEGATIVE (v.):
     I To disapprove: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), S. II. To reject: pratikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), D. s.

NAGATIVELY:
     I With denial: neti nāstīti, etc. according to the nature of the question.
     II Opp. to positively: syānāstīti nyāyena.

NEGLECT (v.): upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), you should not n. advice: śāsanamidaṃ tvayā nopekṣitavyam: v. To disregard, despise, attend and not.

NEGLECT (subs.): upekṣā: v. Disregard, inattention.

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NEGLECTFUL:
     1 expr. by verb.;
     2 anavahitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= inattentive).

NEGLECTFULLY: upekṣayāḥ v. Also inattentively.

NEGLIGENCE:
     1 śaithilyam;
     2 upekṣā (= neglect).

NEGLIGENT:
     1 expr. by verb. or subs., he is n. of his duties: kṛtyāni sa upekṣate or nādriyate;
     2 anavahitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Needless, careless.
     3 śithilaḥ (lā laṃ) (= slack).

NEGLIGENTLY:
     1 anādareṇam, Ki.;
     2 by adj.

NEGOTIATE (v.): vyavaharati (= to treat); often not expr. or by circumlo., sent ambassadors to n. for peace: dūtān visasarja sandhaye.

NEGOTIATION:
     1 saṃvādaḥ (= conference: q. v.),
     2 vyavahāraḥ (= transaction, conduct)

NEGOTIATOR: dūtaḥ (= ambassador);
     2 madhyasthaḥ (= middle man);
     3 vyavahartṛ (m.) (= transactor).

NEGRO: *hāpsin (m.), Negress: *hāpsinī.

NEGUS: pānīyaviśeṣaḥ; maireyam; (??) *mādhavaṃ madhu.

NEIGH (v.): heṣate or hreṣate (heṣ, or hreṣ, c. 1.), if you n. like a horse: yadyaśvavaddheṣase, P. iv. 7.

NEIGH, -ING (subs.): heṣā or hreṣā;
     2 he(hre)ṣitam.

NEIGHBOUR (subs.):
     1 prativeśin (f. ), the n.s: prativeśivargaḥ, Mr. iii.; n. ing householder: prativeśikagṛhapatiḥ, Mr. vi.;
     2 prativāsin (f. );
     3 prātiveśya (f. śyā) (rare), n.ing fortune-teller: prātiveśyaḥ kārtāntikaḥ, D. ii.

NEIGHBOURHOOD: sannihitapradeśaḥ. Ph.: "in the n. of death": mṛtyusannidhau, "law of n.": prativeśidharmaḥ; in the n. of Mithilā: mithilopakaṇṭhe, Vi. iv.

NEIGHBOURING (adj.):
     I Of men: v. Neighbour.
     II Of places, etc.: nikaṭavartin (f. ): v. Near, adjoining.

NEIGHBOURLY (adj.): by comp., n. dealing: prativeśivyavahāraḥ.

NEITHER (conj.):
     1 na..na vā, only nine categories n. more nor less: navaiva dravyāṇi nādhikāni na nyūnāni vā, V. d.;
     2 na ca..na ca n. sex nor age: na ca liṅgaṃ na ca vayaḥ, U.;
     3 na..na, n. very high nor very low: nātyucchritaṃ nātinīcam, G.;
     4 na..na ca, nor father n. brothers: na pitā na ca bhrātaraḥ, Kat.;
     5 na ca..nāpi, S.

NEITHER (pron.):
     1 expr. with: ekaḥ (kā kaṃ), api or ekataraḥ (rā raṃ) and na, "both, one, or n.": upayamekaṃ naikataraṃ vā; you can enjoy n.: na tvayekamapi bhoktuṃ śakyam;
     2 with ubha (= both) and na.

NEOGAMIC: navakṛtaparigrahaḥ: v. To marry, newly.

NEOLOGY:
     I Lit.: navaśabdavyavahāraḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II In theology: navamatam and sim. comp.s.

NEOPHYTE: navaśiṣya (f. ṣyā): v. Novice, newly convert.

NEOPLASTIC: navodbhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

NEOPLATONISM: *navaplāṭunadarśanam or -matam.

NEOTERIC: nūtanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. New.

NEPENTHE, -s: *duḥkhaharamauṣadham; santāpaśamanam.

NEPHEW:
     I A brother's son:
     1 bhrātrīyaḥ;
     2 bhrātṛvyaḥ;
     3 bhrātuṣputraḥ.
     II A sister's son:
     1 bhāgineyaḥ;
     2 svasrīyaḥ;
     3 bhaginīsutaḥ, P.

NEPHRITIC, -AL: Ph.: n. disease: bukkārogaḥ, n. patient: bukkārogin (f. ṇī).

NEPOTISM: *nābhibandhaḥ; or by circumlo.

NEREID: jaladevatā and sim. comps.

NERVE:
     I Organ of sensation: śirāḥ v. Also sinew.
     II Strength, vigour: q. v.: ghairyam.

NERVOUS:
     I Lit.: śirālaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Vigorous: q. v.
     III Easily agitated: sahajacakitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

NERVOUSLY:
     I Weakly: expr. by adj.
     II Strongly: q. v.

NERVOUSNESS:
     I Vigour, strength, as of style: ojas (n.), K. II. Weakness of nerves: sahajacakitatā (?).

NEST:
     I Lit.:
     1 nīḍaḥ, to build a n.: nīḍaṃ nirmimīte, H. or viracayati, K.;
     2 kulāyaḥ, n.- trees: kulāyadrumāḥ, U. ii. 9. Ph.: to find a mare's n.: śaśaviṣāṇam adhigacchati.
     II Retreat, abode: q. v.

NESTLE: līyate ni-, (, c. 4), n.ing place.: nilayaḥ

NESTLING (subs.): (nīḍasthaḥ) pakṣiśāvaḥ -kaḥ.

NESTOR: in fig. sense: perh. mukhyaḥ (chief.).

NET (subs.): jālam, to spread a n.: jālaṃ vinastā- rayati, H.; I may use some n. by means of it: taddvāreṇa kiñcijjālamācareyam, D. iii.: v. Snare.

NET (v.):
     I To make network: jālaṃ karoti.
     II To catch with a n.: jālena badhnāti, n.ed: pāśabaddhāḥ, H. III. To make clear gain: expr. by adj.

NET (adj.): śuddha (f. ddhā): v. Pure.

NETHER: adhas, n. world: adhobhuvanam: v. Lower.

NETHERMOST: n. hell: nitalam (?), V. p.

NETTLE:
     I Subs.: a plant: pītaparṇī.
     II Verbs: kṣomayati (c. of kṣubh): v. To irritate, vex.

NETWORK: jālakarman (n.); sūtrakarman (n.).

NEURALGIA: *śirāśūlam.

NEUTER: n. gender: klīvaliṅgam; words expressing species of fruit are n.: phalajātivācī śabdo napuṃsakaṃ syāt, S. k.; (words) having these terminations are n.: etadantāni klīvāni, S. k.; a n. verb: akarmakakriyā; (the verb) in (the sense of) measuring is n.: mā māne akarmakaḥ, S. k.

NEUTRAL:
     1 madhyastha (f. sthā), but others remained n.: madhyasthāstvapare'mavan, Mah. ii. 45. 32.;
     2 madhyamaḥ (mā maṃ) (rare), R. xiii. 7.: v. Indifferent.

NEUTRALITY: mādhyasthyam, to betake n.: mādhyasthyamavalambate.

NEUTRALIZE: nāśayati (c. of naś) (= to destroy.).

NEVER:
     1 na kadācit -api na kadāpi, or na kadācana, will n. admit in the presence of Rākshasa: na kadācidapi rākṣasasyāgrataḥ pratipatsyate, Mu.; n. grieve: khedaṃ kadāpi mā kṛthāḥ, Bham.;
     2 na jātu, the girl n. felt easy: na jātu nirvṛtiṃ bālā labhate sma, Ku.;
     3 Often by sim. na, such a horse n. was and n. will be: naivaṃvidho bhūto bhāvī vā turaṅgamaḥ, K.; n. to open again: apunarūnmīlanāya, C.; n. -fading: ajaraḥ (rā raṃ), H.; n. -failing: akṣayya (f. yyā), D. N. so (= ever so) expr. by yāvat: v. Much as, as. N. more: itaḥ paraṃ . na.

NEVERTHELESS:
     1 tathāpi: v. Yet;
     2 kintu (= but: q. v.).

NEW:
     1 navaḥ (vā vraṃ), a n. lord: naveśvaraḥ, R.; a n. descent of man: navaḥ purūṣāvatāraḥ, U.; the n. moon: navo niśākaraḥ, Sa.; n. crops: navaśasyāni, H.;
     2 navīnaḥ (nā naṃ), a n. shoot: navīno'ṅkuraḥ, Pri.;
     3 abhinavaḥ (vā vaṃ), a n. servant: abhinavasevakaḥ, K.; a n. work: abhinavā kṛtiḥ, Vi.;
     4 nūtanaḥ (nā naṃ), n. cloud: nūtanaghanaḥ, Vi.;
     5 navyaḥ (vyā vyaṃ), n. offering: navyaṃ havyam, B.r.;
     6 nūtnaḥ (tnā tnaṃ) (rare);
     7 apūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ) (= unprecedented). New-year's day: navavarṣasya prathamadivasaḥ.

NEWCOMER:
     1 āgantukaḥ, as we are n.s: āgantukatayā, Sa. vi.;
     2 navāgataḥ and sim. comp.s., the n. Chandrāpiḍa: abhinavāgataścandrāpīḍaḥ, K.

NEW-FANGLED: navakalpitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

NEW-FASHIONED: navaghaṭitaḥ (tā taṃ) (?); navaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. New.

NEWLY: n. -married wife: navapāṇigrahaṇā vadhūḥ, R. or aciroḍhā, Si.; n. -blown: navavinidraḥ (drā draṃ), Ki.: v. New, recently.

NEWNESS:
     1 navīnatā: v. Novelty.

NEWS:
     1 vārttā, distressed on hearing the n.: viditavārttāvārttau, D. i.; without (any) n.: vārttayā vinā; K.;
     2 vṛttāntaḥ, what n. of your friend: ko vṛttāntaste sakhyāḥ, Mal. iv.; is there any n.: asti navīnaḥ ko'pi vṛttāntaḥ, Pri. i.;
     3 pravṛttiḥ, receiving our n. from the son of Wind: prāmañjanerasmatpravṛttimupalamya, Vi.; was the conveyer of bad n.: duṣpravṛttiharā'bhavat, R. xii. 51. Ph.: good n.: bhadram śubham, etc.; bad n.: aśubham, etc.; pleasant n.: priyam, Sa.; this is no n. to me: neyaṃ navā vārttā.

NEWSMONGER: vārttāyanaḥ vārttāpracārakaḥ.; etc.

NEWSPAPER: saṃvādapatrikā, Weekly n.: sāptāhikapatrikā.

NEWS-VENDER (-DOR): *saṃvādapatravikretṛ (f. trī); -vikrayin (f. ṇī).

NEWT: tṛṇagodhā -dhikā: v. Lizard.

NEXT (adj.):
     1 paraḥ (rā raṃ), the n. day: paredyuḥ; in absence of the first, n and n.: pūrvābhāve paraḥ paraḥ, Y. ii. 135.;
     2 āgāmin (f. ) (= coming: of time), on the n. 14th (lunar) night: āgāminyāṃ caturdaśīkṣapāyām, C.;
     3 anantaraḥ (rā raṃ) (= without any interval: rare), n. -born: anantaraja (f. ), R. vii. 32.; in the n. continent: anantare varṣe, K.

NEXT (adj.):
     I Of place:
     1 anantaram;
     2 by adj.
     II Of time, succession, etc.: param parataḥ or pareṇa, n. to a daughter's son: dauhitrātparataḥ, Da. Ph.: what n.: tataḥ kim: v. Then.

NIB (Subs.):
     I Of a bird: cañcuḥ.
     II Of a pen: kalamāgram (??).

NIB (v.): tīkṣṇīkaroti (= to sharpen) (??).

NIBBLE:
     I To bite: daśati (daṃś, c. 1.).
     II To carp: q. v.

NICE:
     I Delicate, dainty:
     1 lalitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 svādu (mfn.) (= sweet).
     II Agreeable, delightful: rūciraḥ (rā raṃ).
     III Delicate, refined: sūkṣama (f. kṣmā).
     IV Exact, accurate: viśuddha (f. ddhā). V. Fastidious, scrupulous: sūkṣmapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (??).

NICELY:
     I Exactly, accurately: viśuddham.
     II Well: śomanam.
     III Agreeably. rūciram.

NICENESS, NICETY:
     I Delicacy:
     1 lālityam;
     2 svādutā.
     II Agreeableness: rūciratā.
     III Exactness, accuracy: viśuddhatā.
     IV Fineness, minuteness: sūkṣmatā: v. Fastidiousness: sūkṣmapriyatā.
     V Delicate management: perh. vaidagdhyam.

NICHE: perh. takram (comp. Bengali tāk).

NICK (subs.):
     I Notch: granthiḥ, n. of propitious reckoning: saṃkhyāmaṅgalagranthiḥ, U. iii.
     II Of time: śumakṣaṇaḥ; upayuktasamayaḥ; and sim. comps.

NICK (v.): v. To hit, defeat, wound.

NICKNAME (subs.): apanāman (n (?): saṃjñā, (appellation), got the n. of hare-eater: śaśādasaṃjñāmavāpa, U. p.

NICKNAME (v.): apanāma karoti (?). N. d: -apanāman (mfn.); -saṃjña (f. jñā).

NIECE:
     I Brother's daughter:
     1 bhrātuṣputrī;
     2 bhrātṛjā (rare).
     II Sister's d.:
     1 bhāgineyī;
     2 svasrīyā (rare), maternal n.: mātṛṣvasreyī, M.

NIGGARD: kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Miser.

NIGGARDLINESS:
     1 kṛpaṇatā (= miserliness);
     2 baddhamuṣṭitā (= close-fistedness);
     3 tanutyāgitā (parsimony).

NIGGARDLY:
     1 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.);
     3 tanutyāga (f. ); For dif.: v. N.ness.

NIGH (adj. and adv.): v. Near (adj. and adv.).

NIGHT:
     1 rajanī, at n.: rajanyām, V.; in the depth of n.: gāḍhāyāṃ rajanyām, K.; n. with the moon (just) risen but darkness not (quite) dispelled: udgatenduraviminnatamisrā rajanī, Ki. ix. 36.;
     2 rātriḥ, the n. has passed: rātrirgatā, R.; day and n.: ahorātram: v. Day.: for three n.s: trirātram, Vas.; when mid.-n. was oozing away: galati madhyarātre, D. viii.; I will reside here one n.: atra vasāmyekāṃ rātrim, K.s. xviii. 255.:
     3 niśā, end of n.: niśāvasānam, B. xi. 17.;
     4 vibhāvarī, in the fourth watch of n.: vibhāvaryāḥ turīye yāme, C.;
     5 śarvarī, to pass a n.: śarvarīṃ gamayati, Si. xi. 5.;
     6 kṣapā, in autumnal full-moonlight n.s: pariṇataśaraccandrikāsu kṣapāsu, Me. ii. 49.;
     7 yāminī;
     8 kṣaṇadā;
     9 triyāmā. At n.: niśi naktam, Gi.; n. -walker: niśācaraḥ rajanīcaraḥ, etc.; n. -blindness: rātryandhatā; n. -dew: niśātuṣāram; n. -waking: rātrijāgaraṇam; etc.

NIGHTCAP: naiśaṃ śiraskam, and sim. expr.s.

NIGHT-DRESS: naiśī veśaḥ(ṣaḥ), Ri. v. 14. and sim. expr.s.

NIGHTFALL:
     1 niśāgamaḥ;
     2 dināntaḥ;
     3 rajanīmukham; etc.

NIGHT-GOWN: *naiśamāprapadīnam: v. Night-dress.

NIGHTINGALE: *priyagītaḥ; bulbulaḥ.

NIGHTLY (adj.):
     1 naiśaḥ (śī śaṃ);
     2 śārvaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     3 doṣātanaḥ (nī naṃ).

NIGHTLY (adv.):
     I By night:
     1 by loc.: rātrau, etc.;
     2 niśi;
     3 naktam.
     II Every night:
     1 pratirātram:
     2 niśi niśi; etc.

NIGHT-MAN: *niśāsambhārjakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

NIGHTMARE: he had a n.: bhūtastaṃ pīḍayāmāsa svapne (after Bengali).

NIGHTPIECE: *rātridṛśyam; rajanīcitram.

NIGHTSHADE: kaṇṭakārī (a prickly n.).

NIGHT-WATCH:
     I Lit.: yāmaḥ: v. Watch.
     II A guard: q. v.: nagararakṣin (m.), Ma. viii.

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NIHILISM: śūnyamatam, Sa.

NIHILIST: śūnyavādin (f. ), San.

NIHILITY: śūnyatvam: v. Nothing, -ness.

NIMBLE: laghu (f. ghvī) (= light and gay).

NIMBLENESS: lāghavam: v. Lightness, activity.

NIMBLY: salāghavam: v. Lightly, quickly.

NINE: navan (mfn.), n. or ten: navadaśāḥ (n. -ni); n. times: navavārān; in n. ways: navadhā; of n. kinds: navavidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); n. gems of Vikramāditya: vikramasya nava ratnāni, Ja.

NINEFOLD: navaguṇitam: v. Nine.

NINETEEN:
     1 navadaśan (mfn.);
     2 ūnaviṃśatiḥ (f.).

NINETEENTH:
     2 navadaśaḥ (śī śaṃ):
     2 ūnaviṃśaḥ (śī śaṃ);
     3 ūnaviṃśatitamaḥ (mī maṃ).

NINETY: navati (f.); n. -nine: navanavatiḥ; n. times: navativārān; n. -fold: navatiguṇitam; in n. ways: navatidhā.

NINNY: alpabuddhi (mfn.): v. Fool.

NINTH: navamaḥ (mī maṃ). N.-ly: navamam; navamataḥ.

NIP:
     I To pinch: niṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.) (?).
     II To cut off: nikṛntati (kṛt, c. 6.).
     III To destroy: q. v.: nāśayati (c. of naś). Ph.: to n. in the bud: jātamātraṃ hanti ni-, (han, c. 2.).

NIPPERS:
     1 saṃdaṃśaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kaṅkamukhaḥ.

NIPPLE:
     1 cūcukam or cucukam;
     2 stanāgram;
     3 kucāgram.

NIT:
     1 likṣā;
     2 nikṣā;
     3 rikṣā;
     4 diṅkaḥ.

NITRE:
     1 yavakṣāraḥ;
     2 yavalāśaḥ;
     3 yavaśūkaḥ;
     4 yavajaḥ.

NITROGEN: *niṣprāṇavāyuḥ; yavakṣārajanakaḥ. Nitric acid: *niṣprāṇāmlaḥ. Nitrous acid: *upaniṣprāṇāmlaḥ.

NO (adv.): na, no, no, become the ornament of my lap: na na madutsaṅgavibhūṣaṇaṃ bhava, N. ix. 114.; and to say 'no, no' to one like you would be rebuking: na neti ca tvādṛśi vāg vigarhṛṇā, N. ix. 25.; to this we say 'no': atrocyate 'na', S.; there is no greater fault than this: nātaḥ parataro doṣaḥ, H. N.B. Use 'yes' in Sanskrit for 'no' after negative interrogation, 'has not this come to Chandragupta's ears? No, Sir: na khalu vṛṣalasya śravaṇamupagato'yaṃ..ārya aya kim, Mu. iii.

NO (adj.):
     1 na, he is no other than Arjuna: naiṣo'nyaḥ savyasācinaḥ, Mah.; and there is no cessation of sorrow but from spiritual knowledge: na cānyatra paramātmajñānācchokavinivṛttirasti, S. iii. 8.;
     2 a (or an before vowels), if forced no evidence: balātkāritamapramāṇam, V.s.; paying no attention: anādṛtya, Sa.; seeing no other recourse; anyadupāyāntaramapaśyan, K.

NO ONE:
     1 na ko'pi; (f. kā'pi), there is n. without some stain: nāstyakalaṅkaḥ ko'pi, Va.;
     2 na kaścit (f. kācit), n. is one's friend: na kaścit kasyacinmitram, H.;
     3 na kaścana (f. kācana) (rare): v. None.

NOBILITY:
     I Of rank or birth: no equiv.: kaulīnyam may occasionally do; mahattvam (= greatness).
     II Noblemen collectively: *anurājavargaḥ; nāyakasampradāyaḥ.
     III Greatness: eminence: mahattvam.

NOBLE, NOBLEMAN (subs.): *anurājaḥ nāyakaḥ.

NOBLE (adj.):
     I Of birth or rank: kulīnaḥ (nā naṃ) (?); of n. blood: kulajaḥ, N.; mahat (f. ) (= great).
     II Great, eminent: q. v.: mahat (f. ).

NOBLENESS, NOBLESSE: mahattvam: v. Nobility.

NOBLY:
     I With ref. to descent: n. descended: kulīnaḥ (nā naṃ), etc.
     II Eminently: splendidly: atitejasā.

NOBODY: v. No one.

NOCTURNAL; naiśaḥ (śī śaṃ): v. Nightly.

NOD (subs.): śiraḥkampaḥ or mūrdhnaḥ kampaḥ, Ku. vii. 46.; forbidden by a n.: śiraḥkampasaṃjñāvāritā, D. vi.; whose entry was permitted with a mere n. (lit. turning of the eye-brow): bhrūkṣepamātrānumatapraveśām, Ku. iii. 60.

NOD (v.):
     I To salute: namati (nam, c. 1.), Ku. vi. 89.
     II Of kings: śiraḥkampena anumanyate (man, c. 4 (to asesnt or permit) or āhvayati (hve, c. 1.) (to call).

NODDING:
     I Subs.: praṇatiḥ.
     II Adj.: nataḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

NODDY: alpabuddhiḥ: v. Simpleton, fool.

NODE: pātaḥ. Ascending n.: prathamaḥ sampātaḥ, Go.; pūrvārddhapātaḥ. Descending n.: dvitīyaḥ sampātaḥ, Go.; parārddhapātaḥ.

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NODULE: perh. piṇḍaḥ. Nodular: piṇḍākāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?).

NOISE (subs.):
     1 nādaḥ ni-, soft and high n.: snigdhatāro nādaḥ, Mah.; with the n. of the lions: kesariṇāṃ ninādena, K.;
     2 śabdaḥ (sound), with the n. of the hunter's feet: mṛgayanāṃ caraṇaśabdena, K.;
     3 dhvaniḥ (= low s.), the n. of bow-strings and swords: śarāsanajyātalavāraṇadhvaniḥ, Ki.;
     4 ravaḥ virāvaḥ (= cry: q.v.):
     5 dhvānaḥ (= 3);
     6 raṇitam or kvanitam (= harsh n.);
     7 nihrādaḥ or saṃhrādaḥ (= murmuring, roaring n.);
     8 kalakalaḥ or kolāhalaḥ (= loud confused n.), when the n. of the hunting ceased: praśānte tasmin mṛgayākalakale, K.

NOISE, TO MAKE:
     1 nadati ni- (nad, c. 1.);
     2 dhvanati (dhvan, c. 1.);
     3 śabdāyate (nomi.);
     4 raṇati (raṇ, c. 1.): v. Noise.

NOISE (v. t.): ghoṣayati ā- vi-, (ghuṣ, c. 10.), "n.d abroad": vighoṣitaḥ (tā taṃ).

NOISELESS:
     1 niḥśabda (f. bdā);
     2 nīravaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. Silent, mute.

NOISELESSLY:
     1 niḥśabdam;
     2 nīravam: v. Silently.

NOISILY: kolāhalaṃ or kalakalaṃ kṛtvā: v. Noise, noisy.

NOISOME: utpīḍakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Fetid, noxious, insalubrious.

NOISOMENESS:
     1 utpīḍakatvam;
     2 udvegakaratvam (= offensiveness).

NOISY:
     I Making noise: kṛtakalakalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s., in the n. crowd: baddhakalakale mahājane, D. iv. To be n.: v. Noise. to make.
     II Full of noise:
     1 vyāptakalakalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 mahāśabda (f. bdā) and sim. comp.s.

NOMAD, NOMADE: *cāraka (f. rikā); naikatravāsaḥ (sā saṃ).

NOMADIC: expr. by gen. or comp., n. tribe: cārakajātiḥ.

NOMENCLATOR: nāmadātṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp.s.

NOMENCLATURE: parimāṣā, S.k.

NOMINAL:
     I Lit., by comp., n., n. verb: nāmadhātuḥ, S.k.
     II Fig., existing in name only: nāmamātra (f. trā).

NOMINALIST: vyāptijñānavisaṃvādin (f. ) (?).

NOMINALLY:
     I Lit.: nāmnā.
     II Fig.: nāmamātram; nāmata eva; and sim. comp.s.: v. Only, merely.

NOMINATE:
     I To name: q. v.:
     II To an office: *nirvācayati (c. of vac), they can n., but cannot appoint: nirvācayituṃ na tu niyoktuṃ te prabhavanti.

NOMINATION: nirvācanam: v. Also appointment.

NOMINATIVE: kartā, n. case: kartṛkārakam.

NOMINATOR:
     1 *nirvācakaḥ;
     2 nirvācayitṛ (m.);
     3 by verb.

NOMINEE: nirvācitaḥ (tā taṃ), he is Rājā's n.: rājñā nirvācitaḥ saḥ.

NON: prefix: expr. by a or an, before vowels, n.-enjoyment: amogaḥ, n.-arrival: anāgamaḥ.

NONAGE: v. Minority, childhood.

NON-ATTENDANCE: anupasthitiḥ: v. Attendance.

NONCE: "for the n.": tatkāle.

NON-CONDUCTOR: apravāhakaḥ, n. of electricity: na taḍitpravāhakaḥ.

NONCHALANCE: nirutsāhatāḥ: v. Indifference, carelessness.

NONCONFORMIST: *matāpalāpin (f. ).

NONCONFORMITY: *matāpalāpaḥ.

NONDESCRIPT: na vivṛtapūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ): v. New, odd.

NONE: na ko'pi (f. kāpi, n. kimapi) or kaścit (f. kācit, n. kiñcit) or kaścana (f. kācana, n. kiñcana), n. of his brothers: na kañcana bhrātṛṣu, R. xiv. 43.; n. else: nānyaḥ ko'pi. N. but: expr. by eva, n. but the brave: sāhasikā eva: v. Only. N. -so-pretty: a plant: kāntimatī.

NONENTITY:
     1 asat, there is nothing out of n.: nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ, G.;
     2 abhāvaḥ, G.

NONES: in Roman calendar: *navamaḥ.

NON-ESSENTIAL: anāvaśyakaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= needless).

NONEXISTENCE: nāstitvam: v. Existence.

NONJUROR: navarājyavidveṣin (f. ṇī).

NONPAREIL:
     1 apratimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 anupamaḥ (mā maṃ).

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NON-PAYMENT: expr. by verb., to pay and not.

NONPLUS (v.): mohayati vi-, (c. of muh): v. To confound.

NON-RESIDENT: sthānāntaravāsin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

NON-RESISTANCE: apratirodhaḥ and sim. comp.s.

NONSENSE:
     I Subs.: expr. by adj., talking n.: asambaddhapralāpin (f. ), Sa. i.
     II As exclam.: dhik prahasanam, U. iv.

NONSENSICAL:
     1 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (without sense);
     2 asambaddha (f. ddhā) (= inconsistent, improper);
     3 mṛṣārthakaḥ (kā kaṃ).

NONSUIT (v.): to be n.ed: arthāt hīyate (pass. of ).

NOODLE: alpabuddhi (mfn.): v. Simpleton, blockhead.

NOOK:
     1 koṇaḥ (= corner: q.v.);
     2 viviktam (= secluded retreat).

NOON:
     1 madhyāhnaḥ;
     2 madhyandinam;
     3 dinayauvanam (poet.), R.

NOONDAY: mādhyāhnikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Midday.

NOONTIDE:
     1 madhyāhnavelā;
     2 madhyāhnakālaḥ; etc.

NOOSE (subs.): pāśaḥ, to cut (i. e. remove) n.s.: pāśān chinatti, H.: v. Halter, snare.

NOOSE (v. t.): pāśe pātayati (c. of pat): v. To ensnare.

NOR: na..na ca: v. Neither, not.

NORMAL: yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (?): v. Regular. N. school: *śikṣakaśikṣāniveśaḥ.

NORTH (subs.):
     1 uttarā diś (f.); uttarāśā (f.); etc., on the n.: uttarasyāṃ diśi, K.; to the n.: uttarataḥ, V. m.; to the n. of Kuvera's dwelling: dhanapatigṛhānuttareṇa, Me. ii. 14.;
     2 udicī, facing the n.: udaṅmukha (f. khī), V. m.;
     3 kauverī diś, etc., from the n.: kauveryāḥ kakubhaḥ, Vi.;
     4 (poet.) kuveraguptā-, Ku.; dhanadapālitā-, Mah.; saptarṣitārāśabalā-, K., diś.

NORTH (adj.): uttaraḥ (rā raṃ), the n. Kurus: uttarān kurūn, Ki.; what is n. of the ocean: uttaraṃ yat samudrasya, V. p.; n. wind: uttaro vāyuḥ, V. m.; (rarely) udīcīnaḥ (nā naṃ) or udīcya (f. cyā) or kauveraḥ (rī raṃ), the n. quarter: kauveradigbhāgaḥ, Si. N. star.: dhruvaḥ.

NORTH-EAST:
     I Adj.:
     1 pūrvottaraḥ (rā raṃ), the n. wind: pūrvottaro vāyuḥ, Mah.; to the n. of Kailāsa: prāguttareṇa kailāsāt, Mat.;
     2 uttarapūrvaḥ (rvā rvaṃ);
     3 prāgudīcya (f. cyā) or -cīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Subs.:
     1 pūrvottarā or uttarapūrvā or aiśānī diś (f.), towards the n.: aiśānīṃ diśaṃ prati, V.;
     2 pūrvottaro digbhāgaḥ, to the n. of the mount Kailāsa: kailāsaśikhariṇaḥ pūrvottare digbhāge, R.;
     3 prāgudīcī.

NORTH-EASTERLY, NORTH-EASTERN: v. Northeast (I)

NORTHERLY (adv.):
     I Northwards: q. v.:
     II From the north: uttarataḥ.

NORTHERLY, NORTHERN (adj.): uttaraḥ (rā raṃ) v. North. N. lights: *uttaraprakāśaḥ: v. Aurora borealis. N.-most: sarvottaraḥ (rā raṃ).

NORTHWARDS: uttarābhimukham; uttarāṃ diśaṃ prati and sim. comp.s.

NORTH-WEST (subs.): paścimottarā or uttarapaścimā or vāyavī dik āśā, etc.

NORTH-WEST, NORTH-WESTERLY, NORTH-WESTERN:
     1 paścimottaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 vāyavya (f. vyā) (rare) (of the n. wind), V. m.

NOSE (subs.):
     1 nāsā or nāsikā, through the n.: nāsikayā, N.; tip of the n.: nāsāgram, J.; diseases of the n.: nāsārogāḥ, Sr.; running of the n.: nāsāparisrāvaḥ, Sr.; n.-string: (for cattle): nāsyam;
     2 nāsikyam (rare);
     3 ghrāṇam (poet.), with a long elevated bridge of the n.: āyatottuṅgaghrāṇavaṃśa (f. śā), K. To lead by the n.: yathecchaṃ vāhayati (?). To thrust one's n. into: anyāyacarcāṃ karoti (?).

NOSE (v.):
     I To scent: q. v.
     II To affront, abuse: q. v.

NOSEGAY:
     1 kusumastavakaḥ;
     2 puṣpagucchaḥ;
     3 prasūnaprakāraḥ (rare).

NOSOLOGY: rogavijñānam, Sr.

NOSTRIL:
     1 nāsāranghram;
     2 nāsākuharam;
     3 nāsāvivaram.

NOSTRUM: mithyauṣadham; guptauṣadham (?), etc.

NOT:
     1 na, there the sun does n. shine, the moon does n. gleam: na tatra sūryastapati na virājati candramāḥ, Mat.; (it is) lightning n. my darling Urvaśī.. vidyut priyā mama norvaśī, V.; there was n. a (single) prince of high birth who did n. go: nāsīdagantā kulajaḥ kumāraḥ, N.x. 2.; n. that he was n. beautiful nor that she did n. know to see well: nāsau na kāmyo na ca veda samyag draṣṭuṃ na sā, R. vi. 30.; n. so much.. as: na tathā.. yathā, Ki. xiii. 32.; n. only with (their) hearts: na kevalaṃ hṛdayena, N. xi. 2.; n. even death can strike on me: prabhuḥ prahartuṃ mayi nāntako'pi, R. ii. 62.; for . n.: nahiḥ v. For;
     2 (prohibitive), do n. boast of wealth, men or youth: mā kurū dhanajanayauvanagarvam, J.; let n. your sense-horses carry you astray: mā bhūvannapathaharāstavendriyāśvāḥ, Ki. v. 50.;
     3 a-, (an-, before vowels) or nir-, in comp., n. able: aśakta (f. ktā); n. kind: nirdayaḥ (yā yaṃ); there is nothing mine which is n. yours: abhavadīyaṃ naiva kiñcinmatsambaddham, D.

NOTABLE: prasiddha (f. ddhā): v. Remarkable, memorable.

NOTABLY: viśeṣeṇa (= specially): v. Also remarkably.

NOTARY: lekhakapramāṇakaḥ.

NOTATION: aṅkapraṇālī (?). Musical n.: prastaraḥ, Wilson.

NOTCH (subs.):
     1 chedaḥ (= cut);
     2 kundakaḥ (?).

NOTCH (v.): chinatti (chid, c. 7.) (= to cut) (?). N.ed extremity of a bow: aṭanī.

NOTE (subs.):
     I A mark: liṅgam.
     II A sign: saṃjñā.
     III A memorandum: no equiv.: sāralekhaḥ.
     IV Explanatory:
     1 ṭīkā;
     2 vyākhyā.
     V A short letter: patrikā.
     VI Musical symbol: cihnam.
     VII Musical tone: svaraḥ.
     VIII Reputation: of n.: viśrutaḥ (tā taṃ),: v. Renowned, famous.
     IX Heed: take n. of: avekṣate.
     X Of birds: rūtam.
     XI Commercial: patram (when the sense is clear). Promissory n.: *pratijñāpatram.

NOTE (v.):
     I To observe, remark: q. v.: varṇayati nir-, (varṇ, c. 10.).
     II To record, write: q. v.: likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     III To charge. stigmatize: abhiśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.).

NOTE-BOOK: *sāralekhabandhaḥ; smaraṇapatrikā.

NOTED: i. e. celebrated: q. v.: prasiddha (f. ddhā).

NOTEWORTHY: expr. with parigrahītavya (f. vyā); avekṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); etc.

NOTHING (subs.):
     I Non-entity:
     1 abhāvaḥ;
     2 asat, there is n. out of n.: nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ, G.;
     3 śūnyam, San.
     II Not anything:
     1 na kiñcit, for there is n. which he cannot do from shame: na hi kiñcinna kriyate hriyā, K.; beyond which there is n. else: yasmātparaṃ kiñcidanyannāsti, S. iii. 13.; it ts n. to Rāvaṇa: daśakandharamadhikṛtya na kiñcidetat, An. vi.; said n., only with the feet.. na kiñcidūce caraṇena kevalaṃ.., Ki. viii. 14.;
     2 na kiñcana (rare), Mah. For n.: (a) without any cause: akāraṇam; akāraṇe; akāṇḍe; avastuni (rare), Ra. iv.; (b) in vain: q. v.: vṛthā. N. but: (= only: q.v.): nānyat kiñcit (with abl.). To make n. of: na kiñcit manyate.

NOTHING (adv.): kiñcidapi or manāgapi.. na or a- in comp.

NOTHINGNESS:
     1 abhāvatā;
     2 śūnyatvam, San.

NOTICE (v.):
     I To observe, see: lakṣayati ā- saṃ abhi- samā- (lakṣ, c. 10.), did not n.: nālakṣayat, Ku. iii. 51.
     II To remark upon: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.) (= to explain): nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.)

NOTICE (subs.):
     I Heed, observation: (a) to take n. of: v. Notice (v) (I); (b) to attract n.: mano harati or ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.); (c) to escape n., expr. with lakṣayati and na; (d) worthy of n., expr. by circumlo.: v. Noteworthy.
     II Information, intelligence: q. v.: vijñāpanam, to give n.: vijñāpayati (c. of jñā).
     III Allusion, mention: ullekhaḥ; nirdeśaḥ.
     IV Notification:
     1 vijñāpanam (?);
     2 ghoṣaṇā (= proclamation).
     V Attention: ādaraḥ.
     VI With a view to punishing: I will take n. of your conduct: perh. ceṣṭitaṃ te smariṣyāmi: v. Also chastise.

NOTICEABLE: i. e. remarkable: q. v.: viśeṣa- in comp.

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NOTIFICATION:
     1 ghoṣaṇā (?);
     2 vijñāpanam -nā (= notice).

NOTIFY: expr. by subs: v. Also to announce, proclaim.

NOTION:
     I Conception: bhāvaḥ.
     II Idea: q. v.: buddhiḥ.
     III Opinion, belief: q. v.: viśvāsaḥ.

NOTORIETY:
     1 prasiddhiḥ;
     2 durnāman (n.) (= bad name).

NOTORIOUS:
     1 prasiddha (f. ddhā) (in good or bad sense);
     2 prakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ) (= open, manifest), to get n.: prakāśīmavati, Mu.

NOTORIOUSLY:
     1 by adj. or comp.;
     2 prakāśam (= publicly).

NOTORIOUSNESS:
     1 prasiddhatā;
     2 prakāśatā: v. Notoriety.

NOTWITHSTANDING:
     I As conj.: tathāpi.
     II As prep.: by gen. or loc., n. Bala: paśyato balasya; her cries n.: rūdatyāstasyāḥ or rūdatyāmapi tasyām; n. my advice: mamopadeśamanādṛtya: v. Despite.

NOUGHT: v. Naught, nothing.

NOUN: prātipadikam, Pāṇini.

NOURISH (v.):
     1 poṣayati or puṣṇāti pari-, (puṣ, c. 10. and 9.), he also attentively n.ed (the child), considering as if his brother had returned: so'pi sodaramāgatamiva manyamāno viśeṣeṇa pupoṣa, D.; n.ed (developed) the lovely parts: pupoṣa lāvaṇyamayān viśeṣān, Ku. i. 25.;
     2 vardhayati vi-, (c. of vṛdh): v. To bring up.:
     3 pālayati prati- (pāl, c. 10.): v. To protect.

NOURISHER:
     1 poṣakaḥ pari-;
     2 poṣayitṛ (m.);
     3 pālayitṛ (m.).

NOURISHING (adj.):
     1 puṣṭikara (f. ) or kṛt (mfn.);
     2 bṛṃhaṇa (f. ṇī), all meat is phlegmremoving and n., promoting strength and growth: māṃsaṃ vātaharaṃ sarvaṃ bṛṃhaṇaṃ balapuṣṭikṛt, Bha.

NOURISHMENT:
     I The act:
     1 poṣaṇam pari-,
     2 puṣṭiḥ pari-.
     II Food: q. v.: perh. poṣaṇam (as in the expr. bharaṇapoṣaṇam).

NOVEL (adj.): abhinavaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. New, strange.

NOVEL (subs.): no eqiv.: ākhyāyikā would do.

NOVELIST: nearest equiv.: ākhyāyikākāraḥ "kathamākhyāyikākārā na te vandyāḥ kavīśvarāḥ", C. 2.

NOVELTY:
     I Newness: q.v.: apūrvatā.
     II Anything novel:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 apūrvavastu (n.), etc.

NOVEMBER: uttarāgrahāyaṇapūrvakārttikasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasyaikādaśo māsaḥ.

NOVICE: expr. with: navaḥ (vā vaṃ) (= new) or alabdhavaidagdhya (f. gdhyā) and sim. comp.s. (= untrained, unskilled.).

NOVITIATE: antevāsitvam, after Vri.

NOW:
     I At the present time:
     1 idānīm, just n.: idānīmeba; enmity of n.: idānīntanaṃ vairam, A. r.;
     2 samprati or sāmpratam, but n. my only wish is: sāmprataṃ punarmama manoratha eṣa eva, Ma.;
     3 adhunā, where are you going now: kvāghunā gamyate, Vi.;
     4 adya (= today), even n.: adyāpi, U. i.
     II As correl.; now.. now:
     1 antarā . antarā (= at intervals), conversing n. about his father, n. about his mother, n. about Shukanāsa: antarā pitṛsaktamantarā mātṛsambaddhamantarā śukanāsamayaṃ kurvannālāpam, K.;
     2 kadācit . kadācit (= at one time . at another time), K.;
     3 kvacit . kvacit (= 2), n. (in the region) of the clouds and n. of birds: kvacidghanānāṃ patatāṃ kvacicca, R. III. As particle of transition:
     1 atha (or commonly) athātaḥ, n. we will describe penances: athāto prāyaścittāni vyākhyāsyāmaḥ, At.;
     2 ataḥ param or ata ūrddham (= after this), n. I will tell you: ataḥ paraṃ.. yuṣmākaṃ sampravakṣyāmi, Pa.;
     3 idānīm, it n. remains: idamidānīmavaśiṣṭam, S. iv. i.;
     4 samprati, S. iv. = but: q.v.: tu "n. Barabbas was a robber": barabbāstu dasyurāsīt. Ph.: n. and then:
     1 samaye samaye (= at times);
     2 kadācit: v. Sometimes; n. and n.: tadā tadā, D. iii.

NOW-A-DAYS: eṣu divaseṣu, V. People n.: idānīntanāḥ (lokāḥ), S.

NOWAY, NOWAYS, NOWISE: na kathañcana; na kenāpi prakāreṇa.

NOWHERE: na and kvacit kvāpi kṛtracit, or kutrāpi, n. else: nānyatra kutrāpi, N. iii. 67.

NOXIOUS:
     I Of air, etc.: duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Injurious.
     II Of animals: hiṃsra (f. srā).

NOXIOUSNESS: duṣṭatā: v. Injuriousness.

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NOZZLE:
     I Lit.: nāsāgram.
     II Of a vessel: karṇaḥ.

NUDE: nagna (f. gnā): v. Naked.

NUDGE (v.): perh. spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6 (= to touch).

NUDITY: nagnatvam -tā: v. Nakedness.

NUGATORY:
     1 niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Fruitless;
     2 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Vain.

NUGGET: piṇḍa (mn.): v. Mass.

NUISANCE:
     I Of men, etc.:
     1 utpātaḥ;
     2 kaṇṭaka (mn.) (= thorn), clearing n.s: kaṇṭakān viśoghayan, D. vii.
     II In law: no equiv.: *sampīḍanam, public n.: *sādhāraṇasampīḍanam.

NULL:
     1 niṣphalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 moghaḥ (ghā ghaṃ);
     3 vyartha (f. rthā);
     4 nirarthakaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     5 vikalaḥ (lā laṃ).

NULLIFY:
     1 niṣphalīkaroti, etc.;
     2 by adj.

NULLITY:
     I The state:
     1 niṣphalatā;
     2 nirarthakatā, etc.
     II Anything null: expr. by adj.

NUMB (adj.):
     1 nistejas (mfn.);
     2 jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ);
     3 stabdha (f. bdhā);
     4 avasannaḥ (nnā nnaṃ) (?).

NUMB (v.): jaḍīkaroti: v. Numb, to benumb.

NUMBER (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃkhyā, tell the total n. of the flock: sakalāṃ yūthasya saṃkhyāṃ vada, Li.; beyond n.: atītasaṃkhyaḥ (khyā khyaṃ), Ki.; according to the n. of the sciences: vidyāparisaṃkhyayā, R.; prime n.: *mūlasaṃkhyā; theory of n.s: *saṃkhyātattvam;
     2 rāśiḥ (= quantity) what n.: ko rāśiḥ.
     II A great n.:
     1 expr. by bahu (f. hvī) (= many: q. v.);
     2 saṅghaḥ (= crowd, multitude: q. v.), in n. s: saṅghaśaḥ.
     III Numerousness:
     1 saṃkhyā, the strength of an army does not depend on its n.: *balānāṃ balaṃ na saṃkhyādhīnam;
     2 bahutvam.
     III In gram.: vacanam, n. and person: purūṣavacane, S. k.; the singular n.: ekavacanam; the dual n.: dvivacanam; the plural n.: vahubacanam.
     IV In pl., poetry, metre: q. v.: chandas (n.).
     V In. pl., the book of n.s: *saṃkhyādhyāyaḥ.

NUMBER (v.):
     I To count: q. v.: saṃkhyāti pari-, (khyā, c. 2.), by n.ing one, two, three: ekā dve tisna iti saṃkhyānena, M. n.
     II To give the n. of, perh. saṃkhyāti; saṃkhyāṃ karoti, Mah.
     III To reckon as one of a n.:
     1 saṃkhyāti;
     2 expr. by saṃkhyā, or to n. above men: manuṣyasaṃkhyāmativartituṃ vā, Ki. iii, 40.
     IV To amount to: expr. by saṃkhyā, n.ing five thousand: pañcasahasrasaṃkhya (f. khyā), -ka (f. -kā).

NUMBERLESS: asaṃkhya (f. khyā): v. Innumerable.

NUMBNESS:
     1 jāḍyam;
     2 stabdhatā;
     3 stammaḥ.

NUMERAL:
     1 saṃkhyā;
     2 aṅkaḥ (= figure).

NUMERATION: perh. saṃkhyānam pari- (after guṇanam).

NUMERATOR: aṃśaḥ, multiply the n.s with the denominators of other (fractions): tattadaṃśaṃ pareṣāṃ chedairguṇitaṃ kuryāt, A. c.

NUMERICAL: expr. by comp., n. strength: *saṃkhyābalam.

NUMERICALLY:
     1 saṃkhyayā pari-;
     2 saṃkhyānena pari-.

NUMEROUS: bahusaṃkhya (f. khyā), -kaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Also many. Ph.: "n. verse": chandobaddhaṃ padyam.

NUMEROUSLY: it was n. attended: tatra bahavaḥ samāgaman.

NUMEROUSNESS:
     1 bahutvam;
     2 ādhikyam (when there is direct or implied comparison): v. More.

NUMISMATICS: *mudrāvijñānaṃ and sim. comp.s.

NUMISMATIST, NUMISMATOLOGIST: *mudrāvijñānaviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ), -vid (mfn.), etc.

NUN: brahmacāriṇī (?). Buddhist n.: saugataparivrājikā, Ma.

NUNCIO: dūtaḥ: v. Ambassador.

NUNNERY: vihāraḥ (?); *brahmacāriṇīvihāraḥ.

NUPTIAL (adj.):
     1 by tat., n. hall: vivāhamaṇḍapaḥ, N.;
     2 vaivāhika (f. ), with n. preparations: vaivāhikaiḥ saṃvidhānaiḥ, Ku.;
     3 vaivāha (f. ), in proper n. hour: yukte muhūrte vaivāhe, Ram.;
     4 audvāhika (f. ), n. gift: audvāhikam, M.

NUPTIAL (subs.): gen. in pl.: udvāhaḥ -karman (n.) M: v. Marriage.

NURSE (subs.):
     I Lit.: dhātrī, wet-n.: dogdhrī ghātrī, Sr.; by Mālatī's n.'s daughter Lavangikā: mālatīdhātreyyā lavaṅgikayā, Ma.
     II For sick men: paricārikā.
     III Fig.:
     1 pālayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 sambhāvayitṛ (f. trī), the n. of the wise: sambhāvayitā buddhān, D.

NURSE (v. t.):
     I To nourish: q.v.: vardhayati vi- (c. of vṛdh), n. ed the plants: vṛkṣakān vyavardhayat, Ku. v. 14.
     II To tend: upa-carati pari- (car, c. 1.), the wounded king was n.d by you yourself: rājā śastraparikṣataḥ tvayopacaritaḥ svayam, Ram. ii. 8. 14.
     III To suckle: q.v.: dugdhaṃ pāyayati (c. of ), Sr.
     IV To protect, cherish: q.v.

NURSERY:
     I For children: lālanāgāram (?).
     II For plants: *vardhanasthānam.
     III Fig.:
     1 āśrayaḥ;
     2 kulabhavanam, R.

NURSERY-MAN: *vardhanasthānapālaḥ latā-. N.B. puṣpopajīvin (m.) may occasionlly do.

NURSING (subs.): Of the sick: upacāraḥ or paricāraḥ: v. To nurse.

NURSLING: stanandhayaḥ: v. Infant, child.

NURTURE (subs.):
     I Nourishment: q.v.: poṣaṇam.
     II Instruction, education: q.v.: śikṣā.

NURTURE (v.):
     I To nourish: q.v.: poṣayati (puṣ, c. 10.).
     II To educate, bring up: q.v.: vinayati (, c. 1.).

NUT: no. equiv.: *asthiphalam.

NUT-BROWN: perh. śyāvaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. Brown.

NUT-CRACKER: *asthiphalavidaṃśakaḥ or -bhañjakaḥ.

NUTHATCH: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

NUT-HOOK: ākarṣaṇī (?).

NUTMEG:
     I The plant: jātiḥ or jātī.
     II The fruit:
     1 jātīphalam;
     2 jātikoṣam (śam).

NUTRIMENT: pauṣṭikam: v. Nourishment, food.

NUTRITION: puṣṭiḥ: v. Nourishment.

NUTRITIOUS, NUTRITIVE: puṣṭikaraḥ (rī raṃ): v. Nourishing.

NUTRITIOUSNESS:
     1 puṣṭikaratvam;
     2 pauṣṭikatā;
     3 bṛṃhaṇatvam.

NUTSHELL perh.: kañcu kaḥ or bahirasthi (n.). Ph.: to lie in a n.: perh. dvyakṣarasādhya (f. dhyā).

NUTTING: *asthiphalāharaṇam, etc.: v. To gather.

NUX VOMICA PLANT: varambarā, Wilson.

NYLGAU, NYLGHAU: nīlaḥ "nīlāṃścaiva mahānīlān", Mat.

NYMPH:
     I Lit.:
     1 apsaras (f.: gen. in pl.);
     2 vidyādharī;
     3 surasundarī. Wood-n.: vanadevatā, U.; water-n.: jaladevatā.
     II Fig.: sundarī; vilāsinī.


O, OH:
     I In addressing:
     1 he;
     2 bho bhoḥ, or bho bho (gen. to men), o, courtiers: bho bho kulacāriṇaḥ, Vi.;
     3 ayi or aye (expr. of tenderness), o, you unbearing: ayi asahane, Ra.;
     4 re or are (to inferiors or in contempt), o, you fool: are mūrkha, Mr.;
     5 (in sorrow), o, my father, o, my mothers, o, my dear friend Sugriva: hā tāta hā mātaraḥ hā priyasakha sugrīva, U;
     6 by voc.
     II Of joy and surprise:
     1 aho, oh, how grand and beautiful is earth: aho udāraramaṇīyā pṛthivī, Sa.;
     2 ayi or aye, oh, you also don't know: ayi tvamapi na vetsi, Mah.
     III Of surprise, anger, contempt: āḥ, oh, I understand, very well: āḥ jñātaṃ tiṣṭha, Mu.
     IV Of grief: : v. Alas.

OAK: a tree: sindūraḥ, Williams.

OAKEN:
     1 sindūra- in comp. (?);
     2 sindūrakāṣṭhamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (?).

OAKUM: perh. talapatram (comp. Bengali kālāpāti).

OAR:
     1 daṇḍaḥ (when the sense is clear);
     2 kṣepaṇiḥ -ṇī.

OAR (v.): v. To row. O.ed: by comp., four-o.: caturdaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā).

OAT, OATS: dhānyabhedaḥ *oṭaḥ (use also for the seed).

OATEN:
     1 by comp.;
     2 *auṭaḥ (ṭī ṭaṃ);
     3 *oṭamayaḥ (yī yaṃ).

OATH:
     1 śapathaḥ, to take an o.: śapathaṃ karoti, D.; to bind with an o.: śapathena niyacchati, N. s.; to administer an o.: śapathaṃ śāpayati, Mit.; he swore thousand of o.s: sahasraśo'sau śapathānaśapyat, B. iii. 32.;
     2 divyam. (= special oath; ordeal: q.v.).

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OATH-BREAKING (subs.): śapathamaṅgaḥ: v. Perjury.

OAT-MEAL: *oṭacūrṇam or oṭakṣodaḥ.

OBDURACY: kāṭhinyam: v. Hardness.

OBDURATE: kaṭhinaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Hard, obstinate.

OBDURATELY: kaṭhinam: v. Hardly, obstinately.

OBEDIENCE: ājñānuvṛttiḥ and sim. comp.s.;
     2 vaśyatā.

OBEDIENT:
     1 ājñākaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s., your o. servant is exceedingly obliged: so'yamāryeṇājñākaro jano'tyarthamanugṛhītaḥ, D. vi.;
     2 ājñānuvartin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.;
     3 vaśya (f. śyā) or vaśaga (f. ), etc. (= submissive).

OBEDIENTLY: ājñāyāṃ tiṣṭhat (f. ntī): v. To obey.

OBEISANCE:
     1 namaskāraḥ;
     2 praṇāmaḥ;
     3 praṇatiḥ.

OBELISK: perh. stūpaḥ; *sūcistūpaḥ.

OBELIZE: *sūcirekhayā cihnayati (cihna, c. 10.).

OBELUS: *sūcirekhā.

OBESE: bhedasvin (f. ): v. Fat.

OBESITY: medasvitā: v. Fatness, corpulence.

OBEY: to o. one or one's order: ājñām nirdeśam, etc. pālayati anu- prati- (pāl, c. 10.), or karoti (kṛ, c. 8.), or anuvartate (vṛt, c. 1.), or anuvidhatte (dhā, c. 3.), or vacanaṃ śṛṇoti (śru, c. 5.), or ājñāyāṃ etc. tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.); to o. laws etc.: anuvartate: v. To follow: v. Also to disobey.

OBFUSCATE: viklavīkaroti: v. To bewilder.

OBFUSCATION:
     I Lit.: v. To darken.
     II Bewilderment: q.v.: vaiklavyam.

OBITUARY: *mṛtyunirdeśaḥ; maraṇollekhaḥ.

OBJECT (subs.):
     I As opposed to subject: viṣayaḥ, of the o. and the subject: viṣayaviṣayiṇoḥ, S. II. An external thing:
     1 dravyam, an o. does not destroy its cause or effect: na dravyaṃ kāryaṃ kāraṇañca vadhati, V. d.;
     2 vastu (n.), for external o.s: bāhyavastuṣu, Ku. Ph.: an o. of sense: indriyārthaḥ, V. d.; an o. of hearing: śrotragrahaṇo'rthaḥ, V. d.
     III An o. of emotion or effort:
     1 pātram, I was the o. of (their) looks: ahamabhūvaṃ pātramālokitānām, Ma.; (proper) and improper o.: pātramapātraṃ vā, Mal.;
     2 bhājanam, o. of love: praṇayabhājanam;
     3 sthānam and sim. words (= place), excellencies are o.s of adoration: guṇāḥ pūjāsthānam, U. iv. 11.; o. of trust: viśvāsabhūmiḥ, H.;
     4 with become, by circumlo., becomes an o. of hatred among the people: dveṣyatāṃ yāti loke, P.: v. To become.
     IV Aim, intention:
     1 prayojanam: without some o.: niṣprayojanam, Mu.;
     2 arthaḥ, this o. is io be accomplished with another o.: artho'yamarthāntaramāvya eva, Ku.; and with this o.: etadarthañca, Vi.;
     3 abhiprāyaḥ (= intention), but I, understanding his o.: ahantu viditāmiprāyā, K. V. In gram.: karman (n.), without distinguishing o. and subject: aviśiṣṭakartṛkarmamāvam, An.; taking two o. s: dvikarmakaḥ, S. k.

OBJECT (v.):
     I In gen.: expr. by verbs abhidhatte (dhā, c. 3.), etc. (= to say) or manyate (man, c. 4.), etc. (= to think) and adj.s bhrānta (f. ntā), asaṅgata (f. ), aprāmāṇika (f. ), etc.
     II To expose: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).

OBJECTION:
     1 prativādaḥ (?);
     2 āpattiḥ (used in Bengali);
     3 bādhā (= obstruction. obstacle);
     4 by verb.

OBJECTIONABLE: duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), asaṅgataḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

OBJECTIVE: v. Object (v.), (II)

OBJECTIVELY: expr. by adj. viṣayagataḥ (tā taṃ). (?).

OBJECTOR: expr. by verb.

OBJURGATE: bhartsayati (bharts, c. 10.): v. To reprove.

OBJURGATION: bhartsanā: v. Reproof.

OBLATE: in geo.: *avanataḥ (tā taṃ).

OBLATION:
     1 baliḥ, offer o.s to the (divine) mothers: mātṛbhyo balimupahara, Mr. i.;
     2 naivedyam (of uncooked rice, sweetmeats etc.);
     3 havyam (in fire, gen. of ghee);
     4 kavyam (to the manes).

OBLIGATION:
     I Binding moral power:
     1 bandhaḥ (= bond);
     2 dharmaḥ (= duty).
     II A contract: q.v.: saṃvid (f.).
     III Indebtedness: under o. expr. by ṛṇin (f, ) (= indebted), or upakṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) (= done good to) or anugṛhītaḥ (tā taṃ) (= favoured) or baddha (f. ddhā), his generosity lay the whole village under o.: *grāmaḥ samagrastasya dayālutayā baddhaḥ.

OBLIGATORY: expr. with avaśyam (= must: q.v.).

OBLIGE:
     I To bind: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II To compel: q.v. O. d. = under obligation: v. Obligation (III).

OBLIGING (adj.): dakṣiṇa (f. ṇā): v. Also kind, good-natured.

OBLIGINGLY: dākṣiṇyena: v. Also liberally.

OBLIGINGNESS: dākṣiṇyam: v. Kindness, civility.

OBLIQUE: vakra (f. krā), o. line: vakrarekhā; o. insinuation: vakroktiḥ; o. speech: *kathakasya i. e. teller's (in opposition to vaktuḥ = speaker's i. e. direct) uktiḥ; o. case: apradhānakārakam.

OBLIQUELY: vakram: v. Askance.

OBLIQUENESS: Obliquity.
     I Lit.: vakratā: v. Crookedness.
     II Deviation: natiḥ.
     III Fig., iniquity: q.v.: vakratā.

OBLITERATE:
     1 lumpati vi- ā- ava- (lup, c. 6.), my sight is o.d: dṛṣṭirālupyate me, Me. ii. 44.;
     2 mārṣṭi pari- pra- apa- (bhṛj, c. 2.): To erase.

OBLITERATION:
     1 lopaḥ vi- ava- ā-;
     2 mārjanā.

OBLIVION: vismṛtiḥ: v. Forgetfulness.

OBLIVIOUS:
     I Causing oblivion: smṛtimuṣ (mfn.), smṛtiharaḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Forgetful: q.v.

OBLONG:
     I Adj.: āyataḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Subs.: āyataḥ, Li.

OBLOQUY: pari(rī)vādaḥ: v. Censure, reproach.

OBNOXIOUS:
     I Liable, subject: q.v.: -vaśaḥ (śā śaṃ) in comp.
     II Offensive, hateful: q.v.: garhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

OBNOXIOUSLY: expr. by circumlo. with adj. or pres. part.

OBOLUS: *ailenaḥ kṣudrarūpyamudrāviśeṣaḥ; aupalaḥ.

OBSCENE:
     I In gen.:
     1 aślīlaḥ (lā laṃ) (= indecent: q.v.);
     2 vrīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s (lit. = producing shame), Sah.
     3 viyātaḥ (tā taṃ) (= immodest);
     4 nyaṅgasaṃyutaḥ (tā taṃ) (in low abuse), Mit.
     II Ill-omened: amaṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.

OBSCENELY:
     1 aślīlam (acc.);
     2 often by comp.

OBSCENITY:
     I The state:
     1 aślīlatā;
     2 vrīḍākaratā.
     II Anything obscene: expr. by adj.

OBSCURATION:
     1 ācchādanam;
     2 āvaraṇam, for o. of sight: āvaraṇāya dṛṣṭeḥ, R. v. 18.;
     3 uparodhaḥ, R.

OBSCURE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ācchādayati: v. Eclipse;
     2 āvṛṇoti (ghṛ, c. 5.), o. ing eyesight: locanamārgamāvṛṇvat (f. ), K. vii. 42.: v. To cover. Ph.: with eyes o.d with ichor: madāndhakāritākṣa (f. kṣī), V. p. i. ix. 10.: v. To darken.
     II Fig.: expr. by adj.: v. Obscure; clear, not.

OBSCURE:
     I Covered over, darkened:
     1 ācchāditaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 āvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 uparūddha (f. ddhā): v. Also dark.
     II Retired, unknown: aprasiddha (f. ddhā): v. Also humble, mean.
     III Not easily understood:
     1 kaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), o. meaning: kaṣṭo'rthaḥ, Kav. vii. 7.;
     2 kaṣṭārtha (f. rthā) (of passage, etc.);
     3 kliṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (= difficult: q.v.).
     IV Hidden: gūḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-, whose truths are o.: nigūḍhatattva (f. ttvā), Ki.

OBSCURELY: expr. by adj.

OBSCURITY:
     I Darkness: q.v.
     II Hiddenness, privacy: gūḍhatā -tvam ni-.
     III Unintelligibleness: kaṣṭārthatā.
     IV Meanness: q.v.: nīcatā.

OBSEQUIES:
     1 antyeṣṭiḥ -kriyā;
     1 naiṣṭhiko vidhiḥ, R. viii. 25.

OBSEQUIOUS: chandonuvartin (f. ): v. Also submissive.

OBSEQUIOUSLY: expr. with kṛtāñjali (mfn.), adhidaivatamiva, K., etc.

OBSEQUITY: chandonuvartittvam -tā: v. Also servility.

OBSERVABLE: v. Remarkable.

OBSERVANCE:
     I Attention: ādaraḥ.
     II Performance: pālanam prati- anu-.
     III Rite, usage: q.v.: karman (n.).

OBSERVANT: gen. with of: expr. by verb.: v. Also attentive, careful.

OBSERVATION:
     I The act: avekṣaṇam pari-.
     II A remark: q. v.: anuśāsanam (?).

OBSERVATORY: digavalokanaprāsādaḥ (Sa. but not in the exact sense).

OBSERVE:
     I To notice with care: avekṣate pari- (īkṣ, c. 1.), o. ing that the verb (conveys) the sense of motion: avekṣya dhātorgamanārtham, R. iii. 4.: v. To look, consider.
     II To keep, obey. q.v.: pālayati prati- anu-, (pāl, c. 10.).
     III To remark: q.v.: abhi-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.).
     IV To humour: q.v.

OBSERVER:
     I Spectator: q.v.: avekṣakaḥ.
     II Keeper: prati-pālayitṛ (f. trī), anu-.

OBSERVING (adj.): apramattadṛś (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

OBSERVINGLY: apramattaḥ (ttā ttaṃ): v. Carefully.

OBSIDIAN: upalaviśeṣaḥ; *akṣodaḥ.

OBSOLETE:
     1 gatavyavahāraḥ (rā raṃ) (?);
     2 luptaprayogaḥ (gā gaṃ) (of words etc (?) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also ancient.

OBSOLETENESS:
     1 prayogalopaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 by adj.

OBSTACLE:
     1 antarāyaḥ;
     2 vyāghātaḥ;
     3 pratibandhaḥ;
     4 bādhā;
     5 pratyūhaḥ;
     6 pratiṣṭambhaḥ.

OBSTETRIC: prajanana- in comp.: v. Also obstetrics.

OBSTETRICIAN: prajananakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), Sr.; prasavakarmanipuṇa (f. ṇā), etc.

OBSTETRICS: garmiṇīvyākaraṇam, Sr.: v. Midwifery.

OBSTINACY:
     1 nirbandhaḥ (= pertinacity);
     2 dārḍhyam (= firmness);
     3 avineyatā (= indocility).

OBSTINATE:
     1 dṛḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ) (= firm), really you are very o.: satyamatidṛḍhāsi, U. iv.;
     2 avineyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= indocile);
     3 niravagrahaḥ (hā haṃ) (= self-willed).

OBSTINATELY:
     1 nirbanghena;
     2 dṛḍham (= firmly).

OBSTREPEROUS: expr. with kalakalaḥ or kolāhalaḥ v. Noisy.

OBSTREPEROUSLY:
     1 kalakalaiḥ;
     2 kolāhalaiḥ.

OBSTRUCT:
     1 rūṇaddhi or rūṃdhe ava- (rūdh, c. 9.) (= to stop, hinder, block up), your patience like coast o. s the Yādava-oceans: yādavāmbhonidhīn rūdhe veleva bhavataḥ kṣamā, Si.;
     2 bādhate pra-, (bādh, c. 1 (= to impede, trouble), you always o. us: sadaivāsmān prabādhase, Mah. iii. 372. 8.

OBSTRUCTION: bādhā: v. Obstacle, hindrance.

OBSTRUCTIVE:
     1 bādhaka (f. dhikā);
     2 bādhākaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     3 saṃrodhin (f. ), ava- prati-;
     4 pratibandhaka (f. ndhikā).

OBTAIN (v.t.): samāsādayati (c. of sad): v. To get, gain.

OBTAIN (v. i.): expr. with prabalaḥ (lā laṃ) or pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= current).

OBTESTATION: abhyarthanā: v. Entreaty, supplication.

OBTRUDE: haṭhena or haṭhāt praviśati (viś, c. 6 (?).

OBTRUSIVE: expr. by circumlo.: dhṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) (= bold).

OBTRUSIVELY:
     1 sābādham (?);
     2 haṭhena (= forcibly).

OBTUSE:
     I In geo.: o. angle: *viṣamakoṇaḥ; adhikakoṇaḥ. K. d.
     II Dull, stupid: q.v.: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ).

OBTUSELY: durbuddhitayā: v. Stupidly.

OBTUSENESS: jāḍyam: v. Dullness, stupidity.

OBVERSE (subs.): of a coin: mukham.

OBVIATE: dūrīkaroti: v. To prevent.

OBVIOUS: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Manifest.

OBVIOUSLY: spaṣṭam: v. Evidently, plainly.

OCCASION (v.): janayati: v. To cause.

OCCASION (subs.):
     I Opportunity: q.v.: avasaraḥ.
     II Incidental cause expr. with nimittam.
     III Need: prayojanam.
     IV Incident, occurrence: ghaṭanā.

OCCASIONAL: expr. by adv.

OCCASIONALLY:
     1 antarāntarā;
     2 samaye samaye (= at times).

OCCIDENTAL: pratīcya (f. cyā): v. Western.

OCCIPETAL: o. bone: *śiraḥpṛṣṭhāsthi (n.).

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OCCULT: gūḍhaḥ (ḍhā ḍhaṃ), ni-: v. Secret.

OCCUPANCY: bhogaḥ: v. Possession (I).

OCCUPANT:
     1 bhogakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 bhoktṛ (f. ktrī), pari-.

OCCUPATION:
     I The act: adhiṣṭhānam.
     II Possession: q.v.: bhogaḥ.
     III Employment, calling: vṛttiḥ: v. Livelihood.
     IV Business: q.v.: vyāpāraḥ.

OCCUPIER: adhiṣṭhātṛ (f. trī) (?): v. Also occupant.

OCCUPY:
     I To hold, cover: adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1 (?).
     II To possess: q.v.: bhuṃkte (bhuj, c. 7.).
     III To employ: ni-yojayati or yuṃkte (yuj, c. 10. and 7.), to o. oneself: vyāpriyate (pṛ, c. 6.) or with vyāpṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).

OCCUR:
     I To be found here and there: expr. with: asti vartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     II To come into the mind: manasi udeti (i, c. 2.), doubts, o. ring to her: manasi vikalpānudyataḥ, N. xiii. 54.
     III To happen: q.v.: vartate.

OCCURRENCE:
     I Occasional presentation: by verb: of rare o.: kadācit sambhavati.
     II Event: q.v.: ghaṭanā.

OCEAN (subs.):
     1 samudraḥ;
     2 sāgaraḥ;
     3 arṇavaḥ;
     4 ambhonidhiḥ payodhiḥ and sim. comp.;
     5 ratnākaraḥ;
     6 vārāṃ rāśiḥ and sim. comp.s. (poet.).

OCEAN, OCEANIC (adj.):
     1 by comp.;
     2 sāmudra (f. drī).

OCHRE:
     1 raktopalam, Wilson;
     2 suvarṇagairikam.

OCTAGON:
     1 aṣṭakoṇaḥ;
     2 aṣṭabhujaḥ;
     3 aṣṭāsraḥ, Li.

OCTAGONAL: aṣṭabhujaḥ (jā jaṃ): v. Octangular.

OCTAHADRON: *aṣṭāgraḥ (comp. dvādaśāgraḥ, A. b.).

OCTANGULAR:
     1 aṣṭakoṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 aṣṭāsraḥ (srā sraṃ).

OCTAVE: aṣṭamī, Williams.

OCTAVO: *aṣṭaka- in comp.: aṣṭamaṅgi (mfn.)

OCTENNIAL: aṣṭavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (in both senses).

OCTENNIALLY: aṣṭame'ṣṭame varṣe and sim. comp.s.: v. Every.

OCTOBER: uttarāśvinapūrvakārttikasaṃvādīyurūpīyavarṣasya daśamo māsaḥ.

OCTOGENARIAN:
     1 aśītiryasya varṣāṇi, A. p.;
     2 aśītivarṣavayaskaḥ (kā kaṃ) and sim. comp.s. aśītivarṣa (f. rṣā), P.;
     3 aśītikaḥ (kā kaṃ), Ka.

OCTOSYLLABIC: aṣṭākṣara (f. ); aṣṭasvaraḥ (rā raṃ).

OCTROI: śulkam (= custom).

OCULAR:
     1 pratyakṣa - in comp.;
     2 cākṣuṣaḥ (ṣī ṣaṃ).

OCULARLY:
     1 by ins: cakṣuṣā, etc.: v. Eye;
     2 pratyakṣataḥ.

OCULIST: netrarogacikitsakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

ODD:
     I Not even: viṣamaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Remaining over and above round numbers: katipayaḥ (yā yaṃ).
     III Strange, peculiar, queer: aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

ODDITY: anything odd: expr. by adj.: aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ).

ODDLY: o. shaped: aparūpaḥ (pā paṃ): v. Odd.

ODDNESS:
     I Of numbers: vaiṣamyam (?).
     II Singularity, strangeness: aparūpatā.

ODDS:
     I Excess: ādhikyam.
     II Inequality: vaiṣamyam.
     III Advantage, superiority: q.v.: Ph.: (a) at o. i. e. in dispute: expr. with vaiṣamyam or anaikyam; (b) o. and ends: yattadvastu (n.), etc.

ODE:
     1 gītam (= song);
     2 kavitā (= poetry).

ODIOUS:
     1 garhitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 kutsitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 ghṛṇitaḥ (tā taṃ).

ODIOUSLY:
     1 garhitam;
     2 ghṛṇitam;
     3 kutsitam.

ODIOUSNESS:
     1 garhitatā;
     2 kutsitatā;
     3 garhyatā.

ODIUM:
     I Hatred: ghṛṇā.
     II Fault: doṣaḥ.

ODONTOLOGY: dantavyākaraṇaṃ śārīram (comp. dhamanīvyākaraṇaṃ śārīram, Sr.).

ODORIFEROUS:
     1 gandhavat (f. ): v. Fragrant;
     2 gandhavahaḥ (hā haṃ) (= bearing scent, as o. gales).

ODORIFEROUSNESS: gandhavattā: v. Fragrance.

ODOROUS: surabhi (mfn.): v. Fragrant.

ODOUR: gandhaḥ: v. Smell. Ph.: to be in bad o.: avagrahagataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Disfavoured.

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OF:
     I Denoting relation: expr. by gen. or tat. comp., daughter of the king of Kāsi: kāśirājaputrī, V.; speed of a chariot: rathasya vegaḥ, Sa.; conquest of Tripura: tripuravijayaḥ, Me. N. B. (a) do not use gen. when one subs. is in apposition with another: all of us: sarve vayam, K.; entered the city of Oudh: puramaviśadayodhyām, R.; the island of Ceylon: siṃhaladvīpaḥ, Kar.; in the m. of Fālguna or Chaitra: phālgune caitre vā māsi, K. b.; (b) expr. by an adj. or bah. when it introduces an attributive clause, a man of wealth: dhanī; of great strength: mahābalaḥ (lā laṃ); of many kinds: nānāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ); (c) expr. by a deriv. when it indicates a man's abode: a man of Oudh: āyodhyikaḥ, U.; nobody of this place: na kaścidihatyaḥ, D.: v. Inhabitant; (d) part. in uka (except kāmuka) take an acc., killer of demons: daityān ghātukaḥ, S. k.
     II About, concerning: q.v.: expr. by gen., what would one say of the other: kiṃ bhaṇatveka ekasya, Sa.; do you remember of your master: kaccidbhartuḥ smarasi, Me.
     III Made of: q.v.:
     1 by tat. comp., a house of crystal: yatra sphaṭikaharmyam, Ki.;
     2 -mayaḥ (yī yaṃ), a vessel of clay: mṛnmayaṃ pātram, R.;
     3 by deriv., surely my heart is of iron: nūnaṃ hṛdayaṃ mamāyasam, Ram.
     IV In partitive sense:
     1 by gen., by one of which: yeṣāmekatamena, P.;
     2 by loc., of the kingdoms you have seen: bhavaddyṣṭeṣu rāṣṭreṣu, D.;
     3 gen. expr. by comp. when of follows a superlative, best of men: puruṣottamaḥ (mā maṃ), A.r.; greatest of all: sarvamahat (f. ), S. k. Ph.: one of the wives (= one wife): ekā bhāryā, J.; many of these: bahūnīmāni, Mah. V. To denote cause: expr. by ins., of sorrow: śokena, A. r.: v. From.
     VI To denote descent: expr. by deriv. or by comp., of the lunar race: somavaṃśīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), Mah.; prince of high blood: kulajaḥ kumāraḥ, N. Ph.: of late: adhunā; of old: purā.

OFF:
     I Interj.: apehi: v. Away, begone.
     II Adj.: dūravartin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     III Adv.: dūre or dūrataḥ: v. Far.
     IV With verbs or adverbs: v. The several verbs, etc. V. Prep.: expr. by circumlo., to be o. the bed: śayyāṃ muñcati. Ph.: (a) o. and on: saktāsaktam (??); (b) o. -hand: vinā samādhānena (?).

OFFAL: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

OFFENCE (subs.):
     I Crime., fault: q.v.: fault: aparādhaḥ, punishing according to the nature of the o.: yathāparādhadaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), R. i. 6.; shall not forgive any one for a second o.: dvitīyamaparādhaṃ na kasyacit kṣameta, V. s.; it is not master's o.: nāsti prabhavato'parādhaḥ, V. ii.
     II Displeasure, resentment: q.v.: virāgaḥ.

OFFEND: To sin, transgress: q.v.:
     1 aparādhyati (rādh, c. 4.), I have o. ed in this (matter): ahamevātrāparāddhā, V. ii.;
     2 aparādhaṃ karoti, M. n.
     II To pain: q. v.: pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).
     III To displease, affront:
     1 aparādhyati, you have o. ed Fāmadagnya: aparāddhaṃ tvayā jāmadagnasya, Vi. iv.;
     2 expr. with: virakta (f. ktā) (= displeased) or kupitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= enraged), and (my) master is o. ed: sevyo janaśca kupitaḥ, V. ii.
     IV Cause to stumble: skhalayati (c. of skhal).

OFFENDER: aparādhin (f. ): v. Also guilty.

OFFENSIVE:
     I Displeasing, disagreeable: duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), o. words: duṣṭavākyam; o. smell: duṣṭagandhaḥ.
     II Injurious: pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     III Assailant: ākrāmaka- in comp. (?). Ph.: league o. and defensive: saṅgataḥ or kāñcanaḥ sandhiḥ, Ka. ix. 8.; to act on the o.: parāmiyogaṃ karoti (??).

OFFENSIVELY:
     1 sāparādham;
     2 sadoṣam;
     3 duṣṭam.

OFFENSIVENESS:
     1 duṣṭatā;
     2 pīḍakatā (= injuriousness).

OFFER (v. t.):
     I To present as a sacrifice:
     1 upahāraṃ karoti or dadāti, if you o. your own son to the goddess: yadi tvamātmanaḥ putraṃ bhagavatyā upahārīkaroṣi, H. iii.;
     2 upaḍhaukate (ḍhauk, c. 1 (not religiously), o. ed this body to Garuḍa: garūḍāya svedahamupaḍhaukitavān, Vet. xiii.;
     3 upanayati (, c. 1.); o. ed his body to the lion: haraye svadehamupānayat, R. ii. 59.
     II To the mind: udeti (i, c. 2.): v. To occur, arise.
     III To propose: q.v.: upanyasyati (as, c. 4 (?).
     IV To bid: ditsati (desi. ).
     V To make use of: karoti, o. violence: balātkāraṃ karoti; o. prayers: stavaṃ karoti. Ph.: to o. hand (in friendship): bāhuṃ prasārayati, Ram.

OFFER (v.i.):
     I To arise, arrive: q.v.: upanamati (nam, c. 1.).
     II To volunteer, promise: q.v.
     III To attempt: q.v.

OFFER (subs.): prastāvaḥ (?), to reject an o.: prastāvaṃ pratyākhyāti (?). Ph.: to make an o. of: ditsati.

OFFERING (subs.): upahāraḥ, take this o.: gṛhyatāmupahāraḥ, H. iii.: v. Oblation, sacrifice.

OFFERTORY: upahārastotram (??).

OFFICE:
     I Duty, work: q.v.: karman (n.).
     II An employment: q.v.
     1 karman (n.);
     2 adhikāraḥ, discharged from an o.: ākṣiptādhikāraḥ (rā raṃ), Mu.;
     3 padam (= position);
     4 kāryam.
     III Place where business is transacted: no equiv.: karmaśaraṇam kurmakulam, and sim. comp.s. may be used.
     IV Formulary: paddhatiḥ. V. Of a house: bahiḥśālā.

OFFICER:
     1 karmacārin (m (used in Bengali);
     2 adhikṛtaḥ (= employee), civil o.: *paurādhikṛtaḥ;
     3 nāyakaḥ (= leader).

OFFICIAL (subs.): rājapurūṣaḥ: v. Also officer.

OFFICIAL (adj.): by comp., o. life: *adhikṛtajīvitam; o. dress: adhikṛtaveṣaḥ; o. duties: adhikṛtakarmāṇi.

OFFICIALNESS: in bad sense: adhikṛtarāgaḥ and sim. comp.s.

OFFICIALLY: *adhikṛtaniyamānusāreṇa and sim. comp.s.

OFFICIATE: karma karoti, o. ing magistrate: *karmakaradaṇḍanāyakaḥ.

OFFICIOUS:
     I Meddlesome: anadhikāracarcāśīlaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Kind: dakṣiṇa (f. ṇā).

OFFICIOUSLY: anadhikāracarcāṃ kṛtvā and sim. comp.s.

OFFICIOUSNESS:
     1 anadhikāracarcā;
     2 prāgalbhyam (= boldness).

OFFING: perh. apārasamudraḥ. Ph.: in the o.: vidūre gabhīre jale (?).

OFFSCOURING: ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse.

OFFSET:
     I Lit.: prarohaḥ: v. Shoot.
     II Fig.: v. Set off.

OFFSPRING:
     1 santānaḥ, desirous of o.: santānakāmaḥ (mā maṃ), R.;
     2 santatiḥ, for o. of pure lineage: santatiḥ śuddhavaṃśyā hi, R. i. 69.;
     3 prajā (f.), quieting the people like his own o.: prajāḥ prajāḥ svā iva sāntvayitvā, Sa. v. 3.;
     4 prasūtiḥ, destitute of o.: prasūtivikalaḥ (lā laṃ), Sa. vi.

OFT, OFTEN:
     1 bahuśaḥ;
     2 anekaśaḥ;
     3 asakṛt;
     4 amīkṣṇam: v. Frequently. Ph.:
     1 how o.: katiśaḥ;
     2 as o. as..so o.: yāvato vārān.. tāvato vārān.

OGLE:
     I Subs: sācivilokitam: v. Glance.
     II Verb: sāci or tiryak vilokayati: v. To glance.

OGRE: rākṣasaḥ (f. ).

OH: āḥ: v. O.

OIL (subs.). tailam, sesamum o.: tilatailam, Bha.: cooked in o.: tailapakva (f. kvā), Bha.; o. -seeds: tilādivastūni, Bha., or -dravyāṇi, or perh. tailabījāni (comp. khasabījānāṃ tailam, Bha.).

OIL (v.): tailena anakti (añj, c. 7.), lepayati (c. of lip), etc.: v. To besmear.

OILCAKE:
     1 tailakiṭṭam;
     2 piṇyākaḥ.

OILCLOTH: *tailarañjitavastram -āstaraṇam, etc.

OIL-COLOUR: *tailarañjitaraṅgaḥ and sim. comp.s.

OIL-MAN:
     1 tailikaḥ;
     2 tailin (m.);
     3 tailakāraḥ.

OIL-MILL, OIL-PRESS: tailacakram.

OIL-PAINTING: *tailarañjitaraṅgena citritam and sim. expr. s.

OILY:
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp.;
     2 tailamayaḥ (yī yaṃ) (= consisting of oil)
     II Resembling oil: masṛṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Supple, compliant: chando'nuvartin (f. ).

OINTMENT: añjanam abhi-: v. Unguent.

OLD:
     I Aged:
     1 vṛddhaḥ (ddhā ddhaṃ), an o. man's saying: vṛddhasyavacanam, H.; the o. woman: sā vṛddhā, D.; I am now o.: idānīmahaṃ vṛddhaḥ, H.; an o. ox: vṛddho'kṣaḥ, Ku.;
     2 sthaviraḥ (rā raṃ); like an o. man: sthavira iva, Mah.; the king is o.: sthaviraḥ sa rājā, D.; an o. maid-servant: sthaviradāsī, Ana.;
     3 pravayas (mfn.): v. Age.;
     4 jarat (f. ) (= decayed), o. and infirm figure: jaratī tanuḥ, Ki. xi. 7.
     II To expr. age: by comp. with -varṣa (f. rṣā), -vatsara (f. ), etc., thirteen years o.: trayodaśavarṣa (f. rṣā), D. viii.: v. Age, of Ph.: and how o. is (he): kiyadvā vayaḥ, K. III. Not new:
     1 purāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), our o. dear friend: purāṇapriyasuhṛdasmākam, Ana.; o. wine: purāṇamadyam, Bha.;
     2 jīrṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ) (= o. and rotten), o. temple: jīrṇadevāyatanam, Au.;
     3 cirantanaḥ (nī naṃ) (of long standing), o. butter: cirantanaṃ navanītam, Bha.: o. friend: ciramitram, H.; o. servant: cirasevakaḥ, H. IV. Ancient: q.v.: purāṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ): o. sages: munayaḥ purāṇāḥ, Vi.

OLD, OF:
     1 purā;
     2 pūrvakāle: v. Formerly.

OLD AGE:
     1 vārddhakyam;
     2 sthaviram;
     3 vārdhakam, R. i. 8.;
     4 pariṇāmaḥ (= advanced age), R. viii. II.;
     5 jarā (= infirm old age), D. i.

OLDEN:
     1 purāṇa (f. ṇā), of o. custom: purāṇasyācārasya, Vi. iii. 38.;
     2 purātanaḥ (nī naṃ), o. necklace: purātanī mālā, Ku.: v. Ancient, Ph.: o. times: purākālaḥ.

OLD-FASHIONED:
     1 prācīnaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Ancient;
     2 by circumlo.

OLDNESS:
     I Antiquity:
     1 purāṇatvam -tā;
     2 purātanatvam -tā.
     II Old age:
     1 vṛddhatvam;
     2 sthaviratā.

OLEAGINOUS:
     1 taila- in comp.;
     2 snigdha (f. gdhā) (= unctuous).

OLEANDER: a plant: karavīraḥ.

OLFACTORY: gandhavāhin (f. ) (?) (comp. vāyuvahā śirā).

OLIBANUM:
     1 kunduḥ;
     2 kunduraḥ (rūḥ), -kaḥ.

OLIGARCH: *mukhyaḥ.

OLIGARCHIC, -AL: expr. with subs. or by circumlo.

OLIGARCHY: *mukhyatanram; mukhyānāṃ śāsanam, Ph.: o. of bishops: *katipayadharmanāyakaśāsanam.

OLIO: saṅkaraḥ: v. Also medley.

OLIVE:
     I The tree: jitaḥ -vṛkṣaḥ (?).
     II The fruit: jitam -phalam (?).

OLYMPIAN, OLYMPIC: *aulumpa (f. mpī).

OMELET: *aṇḍasāraḥ; aṇḍasādhyakhādyaviśeṣaḥ.

OMEN (subs.):
     1 nimittam, good and bad o. s: śubhāśubhāni nimittāni, V. m.;
     2 śakunam -naḥ (properly from birds), sarvaśakunasaṃgrahaḥ, V. m. 86. 4.;
     3 by adj. (when the meaning is clear), good o.: śubham iṣṭam śastam, etc.: v. Also portent.

OMEN (v.): kathayati: v. To betoken. Wello. ed, ill-o. ed: v. Auspicious, inauspicious.

OMINOUS: aniṣṭaśaṃsin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Inauspicious.

OMINOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

OMISSION: varjanam (?);
     2 atikramaḥ (?);
     3 utkṣepaḥ (?): v. To omit, neglect.

OMIT:
     1 parityajati (tyaj, c. 1 (= to leave out);
     2 atikrāmati (kram, c. 1 (= to pass by);
     3 utkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6 (= to throw out).

OMNIBUS: goṣṭhīyānam, Mr. vi.

OMNIPOTENCE:
     1 sarvaśaktitvam;
     2 sarvaśaktimattvam.

OMNIPOTENT:
     1 sarvaśakti (mfn.);
     2 sarvaśaktimat (f. );
     3 sarvaśaktisamanvitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 sarvasamarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ);
     5 samagraśakti (mfn.); etc.

OMNIPRESENCE:
     1 sarvagatatvam, S.;
     2 sarvatra vidyamānatā.

OMNIPRESENT:
     1 sarvatra vidyamānaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 sarvagataḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 sarvavyāpin (f. ) (= allpervading).

OMNISCIENCE:
     1 sarvajñatā -tvam;
     2 sarvaveditvam (rare).

OMNISCIENT:
     1 sarvajñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ);
     2 sarvavid (mfn.);
     3 sarvavedin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

OMNIVAGANT:
     1 sarvagaḥ (gā gaṃ); sarvatragaḥ (gā gaṃ);
     3 sarvatogāmin (f. ).

OMNIVOROUS: sarvabhakṣaḥ (kṣā kṣaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

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ON (prep.):
     I In contact with:
     1 by loc., lying on a grass bed: saṃviṣṭaḥ kuśaśayane, R.; putting on his head: śirasyāropya; Vi.; to fall on the ground: bhūmau patati, Mr.;
     2 upari (= over: q.v.): (with gen.), to throw on Vairodhaka: vairodhakasyopari nipātanāya, Mu. N. B. The ins. must be used after verbs of motion: to go on horse: aśvena gacchati, S.; carrying on his shoulders: skandhenodūhya, D.; take me to (our) house on a fresh cloud: naya māṃ navena vasatiṃ payomucā, V. II. = at, near:
     1 by loc., a cow-station on the Ganges: gaṅgāyāṃ ghoṣaḥ, Kav.; on the north: uttarasyāṃ diśi, Ku.;
     2 by affix tas, on the right: dakṣiṇataḥ; on the left: vāmataḥ; on the rear: pṛṣṭhataḥ; on both sides: ubhayataḥ.
     III At the time of: by loc., on the first of Āshāḍha: āṣāḍhasya prathamadivase, Me.; on the following day: parasminnahani (or commonly, paredyuḥ).
     IV = after: q.v.: by loc. abs., on her departure: gatāyāṃ tasyām, K. V. Denoting logical basis of connexion: expr. by ins., on one condition: ekenābhisandhinā, Sa.; on oath: śapathena (?).
     VI Concerning: q.v.: expr. by comp., a treatise on spheres: golaprabandhaḥ, Go.
     VII To denote various relations: v. The several verbs after which it is used. Miscell.: on high: uccaiḥ; on a sudden: sapadi; on the wing: v. To fly; on the alert: sāvadhānaḥ (nā naṃ); on hand: hastagataḥ (tā taṃ); the gods were on (the side of) Arjuna: devā arjunato'bhavan, S. k.

ON (adv.):
     I After verbs: gen. not expr.
     II Attached to the body: aṅge. Ph.: and so on: ityādi (mfn.).

ONCE:
     I One time:
     1 sakṛt, even o.: sakṛdapi, K.;
     2 ekavāram, o. and again:
     1 asakṛt;
     2 vāraṃ vāram;
     3 muhuḥ.
     II At one time: kadācit.
     III Formerly: q.v.: purā.

ONCE, AT: I. At the same time:
     1 yugapat;
     2 samakālam;
     3 ekāvasaram;
     4 samam, Ki. Ph.: at o. perspicuous and deep: prasannagambhīraḥ (rā raṃ), Ki.; at o. terrific and pleasant: bhīmakāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), B. II. Immediately: q.v.:
     1 sadyaḥ;
     2 tatkṣaṇāt.

ON DIT:
     1 kila (enclitic); (2).. iti śrūyate; etc.

ONE:
     I In gen. sense:
     1 ekaḥ (kā kaṃ), not o. of you: bhavatsu naikam, N. xiv. 44.; in o. hollow: ekasmin koṭare, K.; one-horse carriage: ekāśvayānam and sim. comp.s. (?);
     2 ekaikaḥ (kā kaṃ) (distributive), takes one Dinār every day: pratidinamekaikaṃ dīnāraṃ gṛhṇāti, P.; gave o. code to each: ekaikāṃ saṃhitāmaikakasmai dadau, B. p. One of two: ekataraḥ (rā raṃ), one of many: ekatamaḥ (mā mat), even by o. of which: yeṣāmekatamenāpi, P. v. 3. One by one: ekaikaśaḥ, A. r. O. day: ekadā, K. At o. time: ekasmin samaye, L.
     II In contrast to other or another: ekaḥ (kā kaṃ), the o. brought the kings under subjection, the other . eko nṛpatīn vaśamanayat | apara ., R. viii. 19.; one is grinding paints, another stringing flowers: ekā varṇakaṃ pinaṣṭi | aparā sumanaso gumphati, Mr.; their clans are fourteen; one is derived from the mind of Brahmā, another from the Vedas, another from the fire: tāsāṃ caturdaśa kulāni | ekaṃ kamalayonermanasaḥ samutpannam anyadvedvebhyaḥ saṃbhūtam anyadagne rudbhūtam, K.; what will o. say of the other: kiṃ bhaṇati eka ekasya, Sa.; on the o. hand . on the other: ekatra . ekatra (better anyatra or aparatra), K.; on the o. hand . on the other: ekataḥ . anyataḥ, Vi. Ph.: at one time . at another time: kadācit . kadācit, R. III. Denoting identity: expr. by tad, but not the o.: na punaḥ saḥ, Mr.; I am the o.: so'hamasmi, D.: v. Same. Ph.: all the ethical systems are at one that innocence is a cardinal virtue: dharmaśāstrāṇāmahiṃsā paramo dharma ityatraikamatyam, H.; the great-minded are one in mind, in word, in action: manasyekaṃ vacasyekaṃ karmaṇyekaṃ mahātmanām, H. i. 100.
     IV In connexion with rel. pro.: expr. by tad, I do not see o. whom she has not embraced: na hi taṃ paśyāmi yo'nayā nopagūḍhaḥ, K. V. Equiv. to some o., any o.: kaścit: v. Any, some.
     VI In an indefinite sense (= men) janaḥ or lokaḥ, one would say: jano or loko vadiṣyati. Ph.: (a) little ones: śiśavaḥ: v. Child; (b) one-eyed: ekākṣa (f. kṣī) or gen. kāṇa (f. ṇā).

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ONE ANOTHER, ONE .THE OTHER:
     1 anyonyaḥ (nyā nyat), why do you eat o. a.'s flesh: kasmādyūyamanyonyaṃ māṃsaṃ bhakṣayatha, Kar.; placing o. a.'s attributes on o. a.: anyonyasminnanyonyadharmānadhyasya, S.;
     2 itaretaraḥ, (rā rat) feeding o. a.: itaretaraṃ bhojayataḥ, S. k.; without distinguishing one from the other: itaretarāvivekena, S.;
     3 parasparaḥ, (rā raṃ) all spoke to o. a.: ūcuḥ sarve parasparam, A. r.; one with the other: paraspareṇa, R. vii. 14.

ONENESS: ekatā, S. p. b.: v. Unity.

ONEROUS:
     1 gurū (f. rvī) (= heavy);
     2 durbharaḥ (rā raṃ) (= oppressive).

ONESIDED: asamaḥ (mā maṃ) (= inequal): v. Partial.

ONESIDEDNESS: asamatā (= inequality): v. Partiality.

ONION:
     1 palāṇḍuḥ;
     2 sukandaḥ.

ONLY (adj.):
     1 eka eva (ekaiva ekameva), I was the o. daughter born of them: tayorahamekaivātmajā samutpannā, K.;
     2 eka- in comp., (my) old infirm mother who has an o. son in me: madekaputrā jananī jarāturā, N.;
     3 by adv.: q.v.

ONLY (adv.):
     1 kevalam, (best equiv.), killing me is not o. killing an animal: na kevalaṃ prāṇivadho vadho mama, N.; (but) o. (he) does not bear transgression: kevalaṃ na sahate vilaṅghanam, Ki.;
     2 by -mātra in comp., black o. in colour: varṇamātreṇa kṛṣṇaḥ, Me.;
     3 with eva giving emphasis, there is o. one means: eka evopāyo'sti, K. s.

ONOMATOPOEIA: avyaktānukaraṇam, S. k.

ONSET: avaskandaḥ: v. Attack.

ONSLAUGHT: abhighātaḥ: v. Also invective.

ONTOLOGY: *sattvavijñānam; sattvavicāraḥ; and sim. comps.

ONWARD (adj.):
     1 agresaraḥ (rī raṃ);
     2 vardhiṣṇu (mfn.) (= increasing).

ONWARD,-s (adv.):
     1 agre;
     2 agrataḥ;
     3 purataḥ.

ONYX: gomedabhedaḥ; pītaratnam (?), Bha.

OOZE (v. i.):
     1 sravati pari-, (sru, c. 1.). and the secret will o. out: rahasyañca sravati, D. ii.;
     2 kṣarati (kṣar, c. 1.);
     3 rīyate (, c. 4.) (rare).

OOZE (subs.): kṣaritam: v. Also flow.

OOZY (adj.): sarasaḥ (sā saṃ): v. Moist, wet.

OPACITY: kaluṣatā or kāluṣyam: v. Transparency.

OPAL: perh. pulakaḥ or vimalakaḥ, V. m. 80. 4.

OPAQUE: kaluṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), V. m. 82. 4.: v. Transparent.

OPE (v.): v. Open (V.).

OPEN (v. t.):
     I To unclose:
     1 vi-vṛṇoti apā-, (vṛ, c. 5.), o. the back door: apāvṛṇu pakṣadvārakam, Mr.; to o. the mouth: āsyaṃ vivṛṇoti, V.p.;
     2 udghāṭayati (c. of ghaṭ), (from some fastening, etc.), o. the door: udghāṭaya dvāram, Mr.;
     3 unmocayati (muc, c. 10.) (= to free, as from a cover) o. ed and read it: tadunmucya papāṭha, K.;
     4 unmīlayati (c. of mīl) (of the eyes);
     5 vyādatte -dadāti (, c. 2 (to open wide, as the mouth);
     6 prasārayati (c. of sṛ) (= to stretch, put forth, as the hands).
     II To disclose, reveal: q.v.: vivṛṇoti.
     III To explain, expound: q.v.: vivṛṇoti.
     IV Of roads, etc.:
     1 karoti: v. To make;
     2 śodhayati (c. of śudh) (= to clear), kurvantaḥ śodhayantaśca panthānaṃ gahane vane, Ram. V. To begin: q.v.: prastauti (stu, c. 2.).
     VI To lance: vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.), Sr.
     VII Of the bowels: recayati (ric, c. 10.).

OPEN (v. i.):
     I To unclose:
     1 vivṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) bhavati;
     2 by pass.
     II To appear: q.v.: āvirbhavati.
     III Of flowers, etc.: unmīlati (mīl, c. 1.).
     IV To begin: q.v.: ārabhate (ram, c. 1.).

OPEN UP:
     1 vivṛṇoti:
     2 prakaṭīkaroti.

OPEN (adj.):
     I Unclosed:
     1 vivṛtaḥ anāvṛtaḥ or apāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 udghāṭitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 unmīlitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 vyātta (f. ttā);
     5 unmukta (f. ktā);
     6 prasāritaḥ (tā taṃ), with o. arms: prasāritabhujābhyām or -bhujaiḥ (for many): for dif.: v. To open.
     II Frank, artless: q.v.: vivṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), to lay o.: vivṛṇoti, Ki. xiv. 12.
     III Public, exposed: prakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ), what ! I have come out into o. (field): kathaṃ prakāśaṃ nirgato'smi, Sa. iii.; made woods o.: vipināni prakā- -śāni cakāra, R. iv. 31.: v. Also clear.
     IV Fig., accessible: the post is o. to all: sarveṣu muktaṃ padam or sarvairāsādyaṃ karma.: v. Not settled: na nirṇītaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.: v. To decide.

OPEN-EYED: vivṛtākṣa (f. kṣī) and sim. comp.s.

OPEN-HANDED:
     1 muktahastaḥ (stā staṃ);
     2 muktakaraḥ (rā raṃ), K. s. 120. 12.

OPEN-HEARTED: vivṛtahṛdayaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also frank, sincere.

OPENING (adj.): Ph.: o. medicine: recakam.

OPENING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 udghāṭanam;
     2 unmīlanam; etc.: v. To open.
     II An aperture: q.v.: chidram.
     III Beginning: q.v.: ārambhaḥ sam-, o. of a book: granthārambhaḥ, Kav.
     IV Appearance: q.v.: āvirmāvaḥ.

OPENLY:
     1 prakāśam;
     2 prakaṭam;
     3 sphuṭam.

OPENNESS:
     1 vivṛtiḥ;
     2 prakāśatā; etc.: v. Open.

OPERA: saṅgītaviśeṣaḥ; *kārmaṇam: v. Also music.

OPERATE:
     I To act, influence:
     II In surgery:
     1 śastram avacārayati (c. of car), Sr.;
     2 karma karoti (when the sense is clear), mūḍhagarmodarārśo'śmarībhagandaramukharogeṣvabhuktavataḥ karma kurvīta, Sr.
     III In medicine: expr. with guṇaḥ: Efficacious.

OPERATION:
     I Action, exertion: vyāpāraḥ.
     II Military or naval: karman (n.).
     III Mathematical: karman (n.).
     IV Surgical:
     1 karman (n.) or precisely: śastrakarma;
     2 śastrāvacāraḥ. V. Effect: q.v.

OPERATIVE (adj.): karmanipuṇa (f. ṇā): v. Also efficacious.

OPERATIVE (subs.): karmakaraḥ: v. Labourer.

OPERATOR: in surgery: a skilful o.: śastrāvacārakuśalaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.

OPEROSE: śramasādhya (f. dhyā) and sim. comp.s.

OPHTHALMIA, OPHTHALMY:
     1 arbuda (mn.);
     2 abhimanthaḥ.

OPIATE: nidrājanakamauṣadham and sim. expr. s.

OPINE: manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To think.

OPINIATED, OPINIATIVE: v. Opinionated.

OPINION:
     I In gen.: matam, in my o. the Vaiśeṣika doctrine is good: vaiśeṣikaṃ cārū mataṃ mataṃ me, N. xxii. 36.
     II Estimation: expr. with mataḥ (tā taṃ), abhi-, win good o. of your husband: bhatarbahumatā bhava, Sa. iv.
     III Honour, fame: q.v.: mānaḥ.

OPINIONATE, -D: svamatabaddha (f. ddhā) and sim. comp.s. (?).

OPIUM:
     1 ahiphenam:
     2 āphūkam "āphūkaṃ śoṣaṇaṃ grāhi", Bha.

OPOSSUM: *aupasamaḥ; śāvakakoṣabhṛjjantuviśeṣaḥ.

OPPONENT: pratidvandvin (mfn.): v. Also adversary, enemy.

OPPORTUNE:
     I Timely:
     1 samayocitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 prāptakālaḥ (lā laṃ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig., becoming: q.v.

OPPORTUNELY:
     1 yathāvasaram;
     2 yathāsamayam;
     3 kāle: v. Time.

OPPORTUNENESS:
     1 aucityam (= fitness);
     2 prāptakālatā (of time).

OPPORTUNITY: avasaraḥ, kings are to be approached (when) o. ies. (occur): avasaropasarpaṇīyā rājānaḥ, Sa. v.; to give an o.: avasarapradānāya, Sr.; this is the o. to show myself: avasaro'yamātmānaṃ darśayitum, Sa.: looking up for an o. for (discharging) an arrow: bāṇāvasaraṃ pratīkṣya, Ku. iii. 64.: v. Also time.

OPPOSE (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃmukhayati;
     2 saṃmukhīkaroti.
     II In gen.:
     1 nirūṇaddhi (rūdh, c. 7.) (= to check), to o. his progress: tatprasaraṃ niroddhum, Vi. iv. 6.;
     2 pratikūlayati (nomi.) (= to act adversely), and it (passion) cannot be o.d by any one: na cāyaṃ kenāpi pratikūlayituṃ śakyate, K.;
     3 pratikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) (= to refute: as of opinion), D. s.; pratiyodhayati (c. of yudh) (in fighting), D.;
     4 nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10 (= to prevent).

OPPOSE (v. i.): in controversies: pratyavatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.), others o. to this: atrāpare pratyavatiṣṭhante, S.

OPPOSED:
     1 virūddha (f. ddhā) (o. to practices, moral, etc.), M. viii. 46.; Ki. xiv. 25.;
     2 pratikūlaḥ (lā laṃ) (= adverse).

OPPOSITE (adj.):
     I Facing:
     1 saṃmukha (f. khā);
     2 saṃmukhīnaḥ (nā naṃ).
     II Adverse, contrary: q.v.:
     1 virūddha (f. ddhā), of o. natures like darkness and light: tamaḥprakāśavadvirūddhasvabhāvayoḥ, S.;
     2 virodhin (f. ), of o. views: virodhivacas (mfn.), Si. ii. 25.

OPPOSITE (subs.):
     I An enemy: q. v.: virodhin (f. ).
     II A contrary: q.v.: viparītam.

OPPOSITION:
     I The act:
     1 virodhaḥ -nam, etc.;
     2 better by verb: v. To oppose.
     II Obstacle: q.v.: bādhā. Ph.: without o.: avirodhena.
     III Contrariety, repugnance: q.v.: virodhaḥ. Ph.: in o. to: virūddham: v. Against.
     IV Adverse party: virūddhapakṣaḥ (?).

OPPRESS:
     1 pīḍayati pra- ut- ni- saṃ- upa- (pīḍ, c. 10.), unjustly o. es men: anyāyataḥ pīḍayati mānavān, Ram. i. 14. 17.; was o. ed with the enjoined price of (this) daughter: pīḍito duhitṛśulkasaṃsthayā, R. xi. 38.;
     2 bādhate or bādhayati pra- pari-, (bādh, c.
     I and c. 10.), he o. es the three worlds: sa bādhayati lokāṃstrīn, Ram.;
     3 upaplavate (pla, c. 1 (rare), Si.

OPPRESSION:
     I The act or that which oppresses:
     1 pīḍanam ut- pra-, o. of people: prajāpīḍanam;
     2 upadravaḥ;
     3 upaplavaḥ (rare).
     II Misery: q.v.: pīḍā.
     III A sense of weight: bhāraḥ.

OPPRESSIVE:
     I Tyrannical:
     1 pīḍaka (f. ḍikā), ut- pra-;
     2 bādhaka (f. dhikā);
     3 dārūṇa (f. ṇā) (= fierce).
     II Heavy, overpowering: durbharaḥ (rā raṃ).

OPPRESSIVELY: expr. by adj.

OPPRESSIVENESS:
     1 pīḍakatā etc. (?);
     2 better by adj.

OPPRESSOR:
     1 prajāpīḍakaḥ;
     2 lokabādhakaḥ; etc.: v. To oppress.

OPPROBRIOUS: kutsitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also disgraceful, blameable.

OPPROBRIOUSLY: kṛtsitam: v. Also disgracefully.

OPPROBRIUM: kṛtsā: v. Reproach, blame.

OPPUGN (v.): v. To oppose, resist.

OPTATIVE: o. mood: āśaṃsāvācinī kriyā (after S. k.).

OPTICIAN: *ālokayantrikaḥ and sim. comp.s.

OPTIC, -AL: by comp., o. angle: *dykkoṇaḥ; o. nerve: ālokavāhinī śirā (after śabdavāhinī, Sr.)

OPTICS: tejovijñānam; prakāśavijñānam; ālokavijñānam.

OPTION: abhiruciḥ (?), is there any o. in the matter: kimatra kasyacit svaruciḥ, Vi. iv.: v. Choice.

OPTIONAL, -LY: by expr. with subs.

OPULENCE:
     1 sam-ṛddhiḥ;
     2 aiśvaryam;
     3 vibhavaḥ.

OPULENT:
     1 samṛddhiśālin (f. ): v. Rich.

OR:
     I In gen.: , whether child or pupil: śiśurvā śiṣyā vā, U. iv. 11.; whether God is spoken of in this passage or not: kiṃ brahmāsmin vākye'bhidhīyate na veti, S. ii. 15.; from fear of the king or of thieves: rājabhayāccauramayādvā, Mr. iii.; or else: kiṃ vā, Vi. vi. 21. (when=otherwise: nocet, H.).
     II In interrogation direct or implied: is it a dream, an illusion, or delusion of my mind: svapno nu māyā nu matibhramo nu, Sa.; is my strength gone or am I another: dhvastaṃ nu me vīryamutāhamanyaḥ, Ki.; or is (she) going to live with hinds: āho nivatsyati samaṃ hariṇāṅganābhiḥ, Sa.; shall I kill him, or is he dreaming: kiṃ vyāpādayāmyutotsvapnāyate, Mr. iii.; I do not know whether this is becoming of (your) bark or (your) matted hair, whether it befits (your) penances or it is a part of (your) religious observances: na jāne kimidaṃ valkalānāṃ sadṛśamutāho jaṭānāṃ samucitaṃ kiṃ tapaso'nurūpamāhosviddharmakarmāpadeśāṅgamidam, K. (N. B. nu is interro. and not used in such cases).
     III Beginning a sentence: athavā, or to injure tender things: athavā mṛdu vastu hiṃsitum, R. viii. 45.
     IV In definitions or explanations: by ca or not expr., is called a fratricide or a brother-killer: bhrātṛhā bhrātṛghātī cābhidhīyate.

ORACLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 daivavāṇī;
     2 daivī vāk;
     3 ākāśabhavā sarasvatī (from heaven); and sim. comp.s.
     II A prophet: q. v.: bhaviṣyadvaktā (m.).

ORACULAR:
     1 expr. with subs., his words are o.: *daivavāṇīsannimastasya byāhāraḥ;
     2 prāmāṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= authoritative).

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ORACULARLY: expr. with subs. or by circumlo.

ORAL:
     1 vācikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (= verbal), I now wish to know his o. (communication): vācikamidānīṃ śrotumicchāmi, Mu. v.;
     2 maukhikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (lit. but ambiguous).

ORALLY: vācā (= in words) and sim. comp.s.

ORANGE:
     I The fruit:
     1 nāgaraṅgam;
     2 madhujambīram (use m. for the tree).
     II The colour: raktapītaḥ.

ORANGERY: nāgaraṅgavāṭikā (?).

ORANG-OUTANG: vanamānuṣaḥ (?), K.

ORATION: vaktṛtā (used in Bengali); prauḍhavyāhāraḥ (?); sarasvatīnisyandaḥ (?).

ORATOR:
     1 vākyakovidaḥ (?);
     2 vaktṛ (m.) (= speaker).

ORATORICAL: by comp., or talents: vaktṛtāśaktiḥ (?).

ORATORIO: *gītasandarbhaḥ.

ORATORY:
     I The art:
     1 vāgmitā (?);
     2 vākpāṭavam (?).
     II A place of prayer: *bhajanālayam.

ORB (subs.): maṇḍalam: v. Circle, disk.

ORB (v.):
     I Lit.: maṇḍalīkaroti.
     II Fig.: maṇḍayati (= to adorn: q. v.).

ORBED (adj.): maṇḍalin (f. ): v. Circular, round.

ORBIT: kakṣā, o. of a planet: grahakakṣā, Su. xii. 73.

ORCHARD: phalavāṭikā (?), mango-o.: āmravāṭikā -vanam and so on.

ORCHESTRA:
     I Part of a theatre: vāditrabhūmiḥ (??).
     II The body of musical performers: vāditravādakāḥ (m. pl (??).

ORCHID: *koṣalatā.

ORDAIN:
     1 niyojayati (yuj c. 10.): v. To employ;
     2 ādiśati (diś, c. 6.): v. To order.

ORDEAL:
     I Lit.: here the o. s for clearing (oneself) are by balance, by fire, by water, by poison, by drinking divine water: tulāgnavāpo viṣaṃ koṣo divyānīha viśuddhaye, Y. ii. 97.; to accept an o.: divyaṃ karoti, V. s.
     II Fig., severe trial: expr. with vyasanam or vipad (= calamity: q. v.).

ORDER (subs.):
     I Disposition, arrangement: q. v.: (I) kramaḥ (of succession), without deviating from o.: anujphitakramaḥ, Ku.; in regular o.: yathākramam;
     2 paripāṭī, M. n. Ph.: o. of battle: vyūhaḥ; without o.: ucchṛṅgalam.
     II Regularity: q. v.: paripāṭī. Ph.: in o. (as of the organs:) prakṛtistha (f. sthā).
     III Established usage:
     1 sthitiḥ, observer of o.: sbhiterabhettā, R. iii. 27. or abhinnasthitiḥ, Sa. v. 11.;
     2 maryādā, M. n.
     IV A command, direction:
     1 ājñā, sending me o. s: preṣayanmahyamājñām, Mu. ii.: received his o. with pleasure: tadājñāṃ mudito'grahīt, R. xii. 7.; to give an o.: ājñāṃ dadāti, Ku.;
     2 ādeśaḥ or nideśaḥ, getting their master's o.: bharturādeśaṃ samavāpya, Ki. vi. 46.; I wish to know (his) o.: nideśaṃ jñātumicchāmi, Mah.;
     3 niyogaḥ, (we) have carried out (our) preceptor's o.: anuṣṭhito gurūniyogaḥ, Sa.;
     4 śāsanam, to stand by an o.: śāsane tiṣṭhati, R. xi. 65.
     V For paying money: śāsanam nideśaḥ, etc. may be used.
     VI Rank, class: śreṇiḥ (ṇī). Ph.: the lower o. s: prākṛtāḥ or pṛthagjanāḥ (m. pl.).
     VII Of religious communities: sampradāyaḥ.
     VIII For constructing houses: vidhānam (?).
     IX In pl., to take (holy) o. s.: *ācāryakṣetraṃ praviśati or ācāryatvaṃ parigṛhnāti. Ph.: (a) in o. to read, etc. (i. e. for the purpose of): adhyayanārtham or adhyayanāya: v. For; (b) o. of the day: dainikakramaḥ (?).

ORDER (v.):
     I To arrange, dispose: q. v.: parikalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).
     II To command, direct:
     2 ā-diśati ni- samā-, (diś, c. 6.), I have been o. ed by the Princess of Benares: ādiṣṭo'smi kāśirājaputryā, V. iii.;
     2 ājñāpayati sam-, (c. of jñā), as your Majesty o. s.: yadājñāpayati devaḥ, Mah.; o. the forces to eradicate (his) resolution: saṃkalpasamunmūlanāya daṇḍacakramājñāpaya, Mah. i.;
     3 śāsti (śās, c. 2 (ambiguous).

ORDERLY (subs.): *ājñāvāhakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

ORDERLY (adj.):
     I Well-arranged, wellregulated: -paripāṭī in comp.: v. Also to arrange, methodical.
     II Well-conducted: śiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

ORDINAL: Ph.: o. number: pūraṇī saṅkhyā, Ki.

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ORDINANCE:
     I An injunction:
     1 niyogaḥ;
     2 śāsanam (= edict).
     II Religious: vidhiḥ: v. Ceremony.

ORDINARILY:
     I Commonly: prāyeṇa: v. Usually, generally.
     II In an ordinary degree: expr. by circumlo., "more than o. severe": *yathā prāyaśo bhavati tasmādadhikatīvra (f. vrā).

ORDINARY:
     I Customary, regular: pracalaḥ (lā laṃ) or pracalitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II Common, inferior: q. v.: sāmānya (f. nyā).

ORDINATION: niyogaḥ vi-: v. To appoint.

ORDNANCE: *kāmānāni (n. pl.): v. Artillery.

ORDURE (subs.):
     1 viṣṭhā;
     2 purīṣam;
     3 śakṛt;
     4 gūtham.

ORE:
     I A metal: dhātuḥ.
     II In mining: ākaraḥ (?). Ph.: common pyritic iron o.: svarṇamākṣikam, Wilson.

OREAD: giridevatā and sim. comp. s.

ORGAN:
     I A medium:
     1 indriyam (of men), the o. of taste: rasanendriyam, D.;
     2 karaṇam, there are three internal and ten external o. s: antaḥkaraṇatrayaṃ daśa bāhyakaraṇāni, S. p. b. Ph.: the male o.: liṅgam; the female o.: yoniḥ.
     II Fig.: dvāram.
     III A musical instrument: *ārgaṇam.

ORGANIC: by comp., o. pleasure: indriyasukham. Ph.: o. substance: *vyūḍhapadārthaḥ.

ORGANICALLY:
     1 vyūḍha- in comp. (?);
     2 by circumlo.

ORGANISM:
     I Lit.: *karaṇasanniveśaḥ.
     II Fig.: yannam (= machine: q. v.).

ORGANIST: *ārgaṇavādakaḥ.

ORGANISATION:
     I The act: parikalpanā (?).
     II =organism: q. v.

ORGANIZE: parikalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.): v. To arrange, devise.

ORGIES: pramodaḥ (= amusement), o. of imps in the first part of night: prādoṣikaḥ pramodaḥ piśācāṅganānām, Ma. v.

ORIENT:
     I Rising: udyat (f. ): v. To rise.
     II Eastern: q. v.: prācya (f. cyā).
     III Bright, shining: ujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ).

ORIENTAL:
     1 prācya (f. cyā);
     2 paurastya (f. styā);
     3 pūrvadeśya (f. śyā) and sim. comp.s.

ORIFICE:
     1 mukham;
     2 chidram (= hole, when there are several o. s.).

ORIGIN: mūlam, the o. of all vices like harmfulness: mūlaṃ doṣasya hiṃsādeḥ, Ki. xi. 20.; of good o.: bhaula (f. ), R.; wealth always has its o. in piety: dharmamūlaḥ sadaivārthaḥ, Mah. s. 123. 4.: v. Also beginning, source.

ORIGINAL (adj.):
     I Primitive: q. v.: ādimaḥ (mā maṃ).
     II Primary: mūla- in comp., o. side (of a High Court): *mūlavimāgaḥ.
     II Not translated or borrowed: expr. with: mūlam.
     IV Having new ideas, etc.: perh. ananyasādhāraṇa (f. ṇī): v. Also originality.

ORIGINAL (subs.): Origin: q. v.
     II An o. work: mūlam, this is just like the o.: yathā mūlaṃ tathaivaitat, K. s. 1. 10.
     III First copy: mūlam.

ORIGINALITY: ? apūrvakalpanāśaktiḥ. (in inventing); ? apūrvaracanāśaktiḥ (in writing), etc.

ORIGINALLY:
     I At first: ādau.
     II From the origin: mūlāt.

ORIGINATE: expr. by subs.: v. Also to create, begin, spring.

ORIGINATION: expr. with prabhavaḥ: v. Origin, beginning.

ORIGINATOR:
     1 mūlam (= origin: q. v.);
     2 prabhavaḥ (= source: q. v.);
     3 sraṣṭṛ (m.) (= creator: q. v.).

ORIOLE: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ: v. Thrush.

ORION: a constellation:
     1 mṛgaśiras (m.);
     2 mṛgaśīrṣaḥ.

ORISON: v. Prayer.

ORNAMENT (subs.):
     1 alaṅkāraḥ, an o. for horses: aśvālaṅkāraḥ, K.; who (Urvaśī) is the o. of heaven: yālaṅkāraḥ svargasya, V. i.; now speaks of o. s. of language: samprati śabdālaṅkārānāha, Kav. ix.;
     2 bhūṣaṇam vi-, adorned with various o s: nānāvibhūṣaṇavibhūṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), J.; there is here a city named Ujjayinī-the o. of earth: astīhojjayinī nāma nagarī bhūṣaṇaṃ bhuvaḥ, K. s. xi. 31.;
     3 āmaraṇam (lit.), she also taking off all other o. s: avamucya tathānyāni sarvāṇyābharaṇāni sā, Ram.

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ORNAMENT: (v.): alaṅkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To adorn.

ORNAMENTAL:
     1 expr. with bhūṣaṇam vi-,
     2 śobhāvahaḥ (hā haṃ) and sim. comp.s.

ORNAMENTALLY:
     1 alaṅkartum;
     2 maṇḍanārtham;
     3 śobhāvivṛddhaye; etc.

ORNAMENTATION:
     1 alaṅkriyā;
     2 bhūṣā;
     3 maṇḍanam.

ORNATE:
     1 kāntimat (f. );
     2 vicitra (f. trā) (= picturesque).

ORNATENESS: of language:
     1 kāntiḥ, Kav.;
     2 kāntimattā;
     3 vaicitryam (picturesqueness).

ORNITHOLOGICAL: pakṣiśāstraviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ), etc. (?).

ORNITHOLOGIST: pakṣiśāstravid and sim. comp.s. (after gajaśāstravid, M. n.).

ORNITHOLOGY: pakṣiśāstram; pakṣivijñānam; etc. (?).

ORPHAN:
     1 anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ) (= masterless), o. asylum: *anāthāśramaḥ;
     2 pitṛmātṛvivarjitaḥ (tā taṃ), Mah.

ORPHANAGE, ORPHANHOOD:
     1 anāthatā;
     2 pitṛmātṛvihīnatā.

ORPIMENT:
     1 haritālam (= yellow o.);
     2 raktadhātuḥ (= red o.).

ORRERY: *grahagolam -yantram.

ORTHODOX: svadharmaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp.s. (in good sense): v. Also bigotted.

ORTHODOXY: svadharmaparāyaṇatā (of men); satyatā (of faith etc.): v. Also bigotry.

ORTHOGRAPHICAL: *varṇagataḥ (tā taṃ); by comp.s.

ORTHOGRAPHY: varṇavijñānam.

ORTOLAN: a bird: *audyānakaḥ.

OSCILLATE: dolāyate (nomi (?).

OSCILLATION: dolāyitam (?): parispandaḥ.

OSIER: no equiv.: *auṣaraḥ (use n. for twig.), o. cage: auṣarapiñjaram.

OSPREY:
     1 kuraraḥ (f. ), R. xiv. 68.;
     2 utkrośaḥ (f. śī -vadhūḥ).

OSSEOUS: asthimayaḥ (yī yaṃ) and sim. comp.s., S. p.

OSSIFICATION: expr. by verb.

OSSIFY: asthitvam eti (i, c. 2.), vrajati (vraj, c. 1.), etc.

OSTENSIBLE: expr. by adv.

OSTENSIBLY:
     1 prakāśam;
     2 prakāśataḥ.

OSTENSIVE, OSTENSIVELY: v. Ostensible, ostensibly.

OSTENTATION:
     1 pradarśanam (= display);
     2 āḍambaraḥ (= pomp).

OSTENTATIOUS: āḍambarapriyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?): v. Also boastful.

OSTENTATIOUSLY:
     1 sāḍambaram (?);
     2 dambhapūrvam (?); v. Boastfully.

OSTEOLOGY: perh. asthivyākaraṇaṃ śārīram (comp. Sr.).

OSTIUM: rare: nadīmukham, R.

OSTLER: aśvapālaḥ -kaḥ.: v. Groom.

OSTRACISE: pravrājayati (c. of vraj): v. To banish.

OSTRACISM: pravrājanam: v. Banishment.

OSTRICH: *mahādvijaḥ; khagoṣṭraḥ.

OTHER:
     1 anyaḥ (nyā -nyat), these and many others: ete cānye ca bahavaḥ, D. b.; by any o. (individual): tvadanyena, R. iii. 63.; at o. times: anyadā, R. xi. 78.; in o. places: anyatra, R. xiii. 56.; no. o.: nānyaditaḥ kiñcit, D. vii.;
     2 aparaḥ (rā raṃ), the o. went to Vidarbha: yayāvaparo vidarbhān, R. v. 60.; but o. s blamed: apare tu nininduḥ, D. iv.; the o. end: aparāntaḥ, R. iv. 58.;
     3 itaraḥ (rā rat) (= all o.: rare), of the o. s: itareṣām, S.; not fit for any o. (man): itarasmai na yogyā, D. v. Ph.: (a) o.'s: para- in comp.: v. Another.; (b) belonging to o. s.:
     1 anyadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 parakīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); (c) the o. day: tasmin divase (comp. Beng.).

OTHERWISE:
     I Differently: anyathā, what should not be done o.: nānyathā yaddhi kartavyam, Mah. iii. 1. 34.; if I speak o.: anyathā ced bravīmyaham, V. p. iv. 13. 60.
     II In other respects: perh. anyathā; anyānya- or aparāparaviṣayeṣu (?).
     III = or else:
     1 na (no) cet, o. I would kill you: no ceddhantavyo'si mayā, H.;
     2 viparīte (= on the contrary), Mah. iii. 10. 36.;
     3 anyathā, Da.

OTTER:
     1 udraḥ (best equiv.);
     2 jalaviḍālaḥ and sim. comp.s.

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OTTOMAN:
     I A Turk: turūṣkaḥ. Ph.: the O. empire: turūṣkasāmrājyam.
     II A couch: *turūṣkaśayanam.

OUGHT:
     1 arhati (often = please), impatience o. not to lead you away from political success: na bhavantamakṣamā nayasiddherapanetumarhati, Ki. ii. 42.;
     2 by -tavya -anīya and -ya part. s, I o. to do that: mayā tat kartavyam: v. Should.

OUNCE:
     I A weight = ṭaṅkadvayam (in Troy weight); = paṇārddham (of gold, silver, etc.).
     II An animal: dvīpin (m.).

OUR, OURS:
     1 asmadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 by gen.: v. Also our. N. B. After not expr.: v. My.

OURSELVES: v. Self, myself.

OUSEL: a bird: *añjanaḥ; nīlapakṣaḥ.

OUST: niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To drive out, expel.

OUT (adj.):
     I Not within: bahis: v. The several verbs with which it is used.
     II Not at home: bahirgataḥ (tā taṃ).
     III Published: q. v.: bahirgataḥ (tā taṃ).
     IV Disclosed: vivṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).:
     V Extinguished, gone: gataḥ (tā taṃ).
     VI Not in office: expr. with nāsti.
     VII Completely: q. v.
     VIII Perceptively: uccaiḥ.
     IX In error: expr. with bhramati vi- (bhram, c. 1.).
     X Uncovered: anāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ).
     XI Away, off: q.v.: "o. with the dog": dūrīkurū kukku ram.
     XII Openly: sphuṭam.

OUT OF:
     I Of place: q. v.: by abl.: to expel o. of a country: deśānniḥsārayati, B. p.: v. From.
     II Denoting motive: by abl., o. of fear: bhayāt.: v. From.
     III = beyond: expr. with atītaḥ (tā taṃ) or ati- in comp. (rare), o. of one's power: śattayatītaḥ (tā taṃ). Ph.: gone o. of sight: cakṣurviṣayamatikrāntaḥ.
     IV In various senses: o. of tune: visvaraḥ (rā raṃ); o. of use: gatavyavahāraḥ (rā raṃ); o. of life: vigatajīvitaḥ (tā taṃ); o. of hope: gatāśaḥ (śā śaṃ).

OUTBID: *ativadati: v. To bid.

OUTBREAK:
     I Bursting forth: udbhedaḥ.
     II A disturbance: saṃkṣobhaḥ.

OUTCAST:
     I An exile: niṣkāsitaḥ (tā taṃ).
     II = excommunicated: apapātritaḥ (tā taṃ).
     III = vagabond: khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā).

OUTCRY: utkrośaḥ, to raise an o.: utkrośati (kruś, c. 1.), Mit.: v. Cry, noise.

OUTDO: atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To excel, surpass.

OUTDOOR: Ph.: o. exercise: prakāśavyāyāmaḥ (?).

OUTER:
     1 bāhya (f. hyā), o. area: bāhyamaṇḍapaḥ;
     2 bahis in comp., o. door: bahirdvāram.

OUTFIT: sajjā: v. Equipment.

OUTFLANK: pārśvam atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.).; etc.

OUTGENERAL: atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.) (= to surpass: q. v.).

OUTGO: atyeti (i, c. 2): v. (To go) beyond, surpass.

OUTGROW: expr. with atītya vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.): v. To grow, increase.

OUTHOUSE: bahiḥśālā: v. Also shed, hut.

OUTLANDISH: vijātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Also uncouth.

OUTLAST: expr. with adhikam: v. To last.

OUTLAW (subs.): *udghoṣitapātakin (f. ) (?); rūddhāgnyudakaḥ (kā kaṃ) (?) (comp. agnyudakadāyinaḥ, Mit.); apapātritaḥ (tā taṃ) (?).

OUTLAW (v.): v. To proscribe.

OUTLAWRY: agnyudakarodhaḥ: v. Proscription.

OUTLAY: dravyasaṃgrahādivyayaḥ: v. Expenditure.

OUTLET:
     1 nirgamaḥ;
     2 mukham (= mouth);
     3 dvāram (= door).

OUTLINE: pāṇḍulekhyam (?): v. Sketch.

OUTLIVE: v. To live, survive.

OUTLOOK:
     I The act: avekṣaṇam.
     II View, prospect: q. v.

OUTNUMBER: expr. with saṃkhyā and adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ).

OUTPOST: gulmasthānam, Mu. v.

OUTPOUR:
     1 varṣati (vṛṣ, c. 1 (= to shower);
     2 niṣiñcati (sic, c. 6.).

OUTRAGE (subs.): upadravaḥ: v. Also insult, offence.

OUTRAGE (v.):
     1 abhidruhyati (druh, c. 4.) (?);
     2 pramathati (math, c. 1.) (??).

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OUTRAGEOUS:
     1 dārūṇa (f. ṇā): v. fierce;
     2 nirlajja (f. jjā): v. Shameless. Ph.: o. conduct.: atyācāraḥ.

OUTRAGEOUSLY:
     1 dārūṇam (= fiercely);
     2 nirhīkam (= shamelessly).

OUTRAGEOUSNESS:
     1 dārūṇatā;
     2 ghoratā.

OUTRIDER: paricarasādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

OUTRIGHT:
     I Instantly, at once: q. v. bhaṭiti.
     II Completely, entirely: q. v.: aśeṣeṇa.

OUTRUN: atidhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.): v. Also to exceed.

OUTSET: prārambhaḥ: v. Beginning.

OUTSHINE: expr. with dīptiḥ etc. (= lustre) and adhikam (= more). Ph.: "o. beam": rociṣṇupādāḥ, etc.: v. Brilliant.

OUTSIDE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bahirbhāgaḥ;
     2 often with bahis, are beautiful only on the o.: bahireva manoharāḥ, H.; karasya karamo bahiḥ, A.
     II The utmost: ph.: at the o.: antataḥ.

OUTSIDE (adj.): bāhya (f. hyā): v. External.

OUTSIDE (adv.): bahis, o. a village: bahirgrāmāt, S. k.

OUTSKIRT: in the o. s of the city: pura upaśalye, R. xvi. 37.: v. Suburb, border.

OUTSPOKEN: sphuṭabhāṣin (f. ṇī): v. Frank, candid.

OUTSPREAD (adj.): prasāritaḥ (tā taṃ): v. To spread.

OUTSTANDING (adj.): aśodhitaḥ (tā taṃ) (= not cleared, paid).

OUTSTRETCHED: prasāritaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Also to stretch.

OUTSTRIP: atyeti (i, c. 2 (= to go beyond), etc., o. ping the wind: anilātigaḥ (gā gaṃ), Mah.

OUTVIE: atyeti (i, c. 2.): v. To surpass.

OUTVOTE: expr. with vote and parā-bhavati (bhū, c. 1.)

OUTWARD: bāhya (f. hyā): v. External.

OUTWARD, OUTWARDS (adv.): bahisa or by circumlo.

OUTWARDLY: bahis: v. Externally.

OUTWEIGH: sārato'tiricyate: v. Also to exceed.

OUTWIT: vipralabhate (labh, c. 1 (= To deceive: q. v.).

OUTWORK: bāhyaparikriyā or -karman (n (?).

OVAL (adj.):
     1 aṇḍākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 ḍimbākṛti (mfn.)

OVAL (subs.): *upavṛttam; upamaṇḍalam.

OVATION: no equiv.: sabhājanam may be used: v. Also feast.

OVEN: culliḥ (llī), "dattacullīpūjā", D. vi.

OVER (adv.):
     I From side to side: expr. with vedhaḥ.
     II On the opposite side: apāre or parapāre.
     III With verbs: v. The several verbs.
     IV Beyond a limit: expr. with śiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. To remain. Ph.: (a) o. again: punarapi; (b) o. and o.: punaḥ punaḥ: v. Repeatedly.; (c) o. against: abhitaḥ (with acc.); (d) o. and above: expr. with aparañca.

OVER (prep.):
     I In gen.: upari (with gen.), I found myself fallen o. a heap of dry leaves: śuṣkaparṇarāśerūpari nipatitamātmānamapaśyam, K.; being o. all joy: sarvānandānāmupari vartamānā, K.; God is o. the entire world: uparyupari lokaṃ hariḥ, S. k.: v. Also on, above, and the several verbs with which it is used.
     II More than: adhika- in comp., o. a thousand: adhikasahasra (f. srā).

OVER- (prep.): often = excessive: ati- in comp.

OVER, BE: uparamati (ram, c. 1.): v. To cease.

OVERABOUND: expr. with atipracuraḥ (rā raṃ), -bahulaḥ (lā laṃ), etc.

OVERAWE: bhīṣayate (c. of bhī): v. To frighten.

OVERBALANCE: sārato'tiricyate, Saviour will o. the whole world: sārato jagataḥ kṛtsnādatirikto janārdanaḥ, Mah. v. 68. 7.

OVERBEARING (adj.): avalipta (f. ptā): v. Insolent.

OVERBEARINGLY: sāvalepam: v. Insolently.

OVERBLOWN (adj.): fig.: pradhmātaḥ (tā taṃ).

OVERBOARD: expr. by abl. nāvaḥ etc. and jale (= in water).

OVERBURDEN: v. To overload.

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OVERCAST (v.):
     I To cloud, darken: q. v.:
     II To rate too high: adhikaṃ manyate (man, c. 4.).

OVERCAUTIOUS: atyavahitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.: v. Cautious.

OVERCHARGE:
     I To fill: q. v.: paripūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).
     II To charge too much: adhikaṃ yācate (yāc, c. 1 (?).

OVERCLOUDED: meghoparūddha (f. ddhā) and sim. comp.s.

OVERCOAT: *uparikoṭam; bṛhatkoṭam.

OVERCOME:
     I To surmount: q. v.: atikrāmyati (kram, c. 4.).
     II To distress, exhaust: abhibhavati (bhū, c. 1.).
     III To conquer: q. v.

OVERCOMING (adj.): vijayin (f. ), o. prowess: vijayi vīryam, Vi. i. 8.: v. Victorious.

OVERDONE: in cooking: atisiddha (f. ddhā).

OVERDRAW: adhikaṃ niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1 (?).

OVERDRINK: adhikam pibati; atipānaṃ karoti.

OVERDRIVE: bhṛśaṃ vāhayati (c. of vah), etc.: v. To drive.

OVERDUE: atītaśodhanakālaḥ (lā laṃ) (??) and sim. comp.s.

OVEREAT: bahu aśnāti (, c. 9.), etc.: v. To eat.

OVERESTIMATE: adhikaṃ gaṇayati pari- (gaṇ, c. 10.).

OVERFATIGUE (subs.): atiśramaḥ: v. Fatigue.

OVERFEED: bahu bhojayati (c. of bhuj): v. To feed.

OVERFLOW (subs.): utsekaḥ: v. Inundation, deluge.

OVERFLOW (v.):
     I Lit.: expr. with flow and upariḥ v. Also to inundate.
     II Fig.: expr. with pracuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Abundant.

OVERFLOWING: (adj.): v. Abundant, excessive.

OVERGROW:
     I To cover: q. v.: o. n with moss: śaivalavat (f. ), R. xvi. 46.
     II To grow beyond: ativardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.).

OVERHANG (v. t.): upari badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To hang.

OVERHANG (v. i.): Often expr. with sim. upari: v. Also to hang.

OVERHANGING (adj.): as clouds: upari pralambamānaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s.

OVERHASTY: atikṣiprakārin (f. ṇī): v. Hasty.

OVERHAUL: Fig.: vivicya parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.)

OVERHEAD:
     1 upari;
     2 ūrddham (= above).

OVERHEAR: alakṣitaṃ śṛṇoti (śru, c. 5.) and sim. comp.s., "latāvyavahitaḥ śṛṇomi viśvastakathitānyāsām", Sa. iii.: v. To hear.

OVERHEAT: atitāpayati (tap, c. 10.), etc.: v. To heat.

OVERJOY (subs.): atiharṣaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Joy, delight.

OVERLAND: Ph.: went o.: pratasthe sthalavartmanā, R. iv. 60.; o. route: sthalavartman and sim. comp.s.

OVERLAY:
     I To cover, set: q. v.: āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), o. id with specks of gold: hemabindubhirāvṛtaḥ (tā taṃ), Mah. iv. 42. 16.
     II To o. another by laying upon: expr. with upari and a verb, she o. id the child and it died: *upariśayanena śiśurmamāra.

OVERLEAP (v.): laṅghayati vi- ut- pra-, (laṅgh, c. 10.).

OVERLOAD:
     I Lit.: atibhāraṃ nyasyati (as, c. 4.) (with loc.).
     II Fig.: as the stomach: atipūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).

OVERLONG: atidīrgha (f. rghā), etc.: v. Long.

OVERLOOK:
     I To command a view of: expr. by circumlo.: v. To look, see.
     II To inspect, look into: q. v.
     III To pass by refraining from noticing: na paśyati.

OVERMATCH: adhikaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Also great.

OVERMUCH: atyadhikam: v. Much, extremely.

OVERNIGHT (adv.):
     1 pūrvarātrau;
     2 gataniśāyām; and sim. comps.

OVERPASS: v. To pass over.

OVERPEOPLED: atijanākīrṇa (f. rṇā) and sim. comp.s.: v. Populous.

OVERPLUS: udvṭattam: v. Surplus.

OVERPOWER:
     1 mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.) (= to crush);
     2 abhibhavati (bhū, c. 1 (= to overcome): v. To overwhelm.

OVERRATE: adhikaṃ manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To value.

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OVERREACH: abhisaṃ-dadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. To deceive.

OVERREACHING (subs.): abhisandhānam: v. Deception.

OVERRIDE: Fig.: adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.), one who o. s virtue: dharmātigaḥ, Mah. v. 92. 2.

OVERRIPE: atipakva (f. kvā): v. Ripe.

OVERRULE: adhaḥ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6 (?).

OVERRULING: (adj.): prabhaviṣṇu (mfn): v. Also omnipotent.

OVERRUN: upaplavate (plu, c. 1.), the o. world: upaplutaṃ viśvam, Si. i. 38.: v. Also to harass, oppress.

OVERSEE: v. To inspect, overlook.

OVERSEER: paridarśakaḥ (??).

OVERSHADOW: chādayati (chad, c. 10.): v. To eclipse.

OVERSHOOT: lakṣyam atikrāmati or -krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.).

OVERSHOT:
     I Drunk: kṣīvaḥ (vā vaṃ).
     II Of wheels: *chidravat (f. ).

OVERSIGHT:
     I Care: q. v.
     II Mistake: q. v.: anavekṣā.

OVERSLEEP: dīrghaṃ svapiti (svap, c. 2.): v. To sleep.

OVERSPREAD: samāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To cover.

OVERSTATE: v. To exaggerate.

OVERSTEP: atikrāmyati (kram, c. 4.): v. To exceed.

OVERSTOCK: pūrayati (= to fill) will gen. do.: v. Also stock.

OVERSTRAIN: kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9 (= to pain: q. v.).

OVERT: prakāśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Open.

OVERTAKE:
     I To come up with: I could o. even Garuḍa: pūrvaprasthitaṃ vainateyamapyāsādayeyam, V. i.: v. To reach, catch.
     II To fall upon: patati ni-, (pat, c. 1 (with loc.).

OVERTASK: atibhāraṃ nyasyati (as, c. 4.), etc. (with loc.).

OVERTAX:
     I Lit.: adhikakaraṃ nyasyati, etc. (with loc.).
     II Fig.: v. To overtask.

OVERTHROW (v.):
     I To upset: q. v.
     II To ruin, demolish: q. v.:
     1 pothayati ava-, (puth, c. 10.);
     2 mṛdrāti ava-, (mṛd, c. 9.).

OVERTHROW (subs.): dhvaṃsaḥ vi- pra-: v. Destruction.

OVERTLY: prakāśam: v. Openly.

OVERTOP: atikrāmyati (kram, c. 4.): v. To exceed, surpass.

OVERTURE:
     I Proposal: upanyāsaḥ (?); prastāvanā (?).
     II A musical introduction: prastāvanā (?).

OVERTURN:
     I Lit.: viparyasyati (as, c. 4.), now the living world is o. ed: viparyastaḥ samprati jīvalokaḥ, U. i.
     II To overthrow, ruin: q. v.

OVERVALUE: adhikam (f. kāṃ) manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To esteem.

OVERWEENING: uddhataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Haughty, arrogant.

OVERWEENINGLY:
     1 sābhimānam;
     2 uddhatam (= Haughtily).

OVERWEIGH: v. To overbalance.

OVERWHELM: sādayati ava-, (c. of sad), o. ed with grief and sorrow: duḥkhaśokasanna (f. nnā), Ram. ii. 59. 32.: v. Also to crush, immerge. Ph.: o. ing testimony: atiprabalaṃ or -pracuraṃ sākṣyam (?).

OVERWORK (v.): adhikaṃ karma kārayati (c. of kṛ) (?).

OVERWORK (subs.): adhikakarman (n.) (?): v. Work.

OVERWROUGHT: perh. kārmika- in comp.: Also wrought.

OVERZEALOUS:
     1 atyutsukaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 atyutsāhin (f. ): v. Also zealous.

OVIPAROUS: aṇḍajaḥ (jā jaṃ), "mūkāṇḍajam", Ku. iii. 42.

OWE (v. t.): Lit.: dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10 (with dat. of the creditor), he o. s (me) ten sovereigns: ayaṃ daśasuvarṇakaṃ dhārayati, Mr. ii.; God o. s liberation to the pious: bhaktāya dhārayati mokṣaṃ hariḥ, S. k.
     II To be obliged for: expr. by circumlo, I o. my darling to you: tvayaiveyaṃ priyā me dattā, D. ii.

OWING:
     I Due: expr. by deyaḥ (yā yaṃ) or prāpya (f. pyā).
     II (On) account of: q. v.: fall of (rain) water is o. to its heaviness: apāṃ gurūtvātpatanam, V. d.

OWL:
     1 pecakaḥ;
     2 u(ū)lūkaḥ;
     3 kauśikaḥ (rare).

OWLET: i. e. a little owl: q. v.

OWN (adj.):
     1 svaḥ (svā svaṃ), by giving my o. life: svadehārpaṇena, R.; towards his o. daughter: svaduhitari, D.; your o. land: svabhūmiḥ, K.;
     2 svakīyaḥ or svīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= one's o.), if you want your o. life: yadi svakīyajīvanamicchasi, Vet.;
     3 nijaḥ (jā jaṃ), to his o. preceptor: nijāya gurave, Ana.;
     4 svakaḥ (kā kaṃ), went to their o. houses: svakaṃ svakaṃ niveśanaṃ pratyudgatāḥ, Kar.;
     5 ātmīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (= one's o.), make it your o.: ayamātmīyaḥ kriyatām, K. N. B. Note that possessive pronouns are not expr. in Sanskrit.

OWN (v.):
     I To acknowledge: q. v.: svīkaroti.
     II To possess: q. v.: expr. by subs.: v. Owner, belonging to.

OWNER: svāmin (f. ), first o.: pūrvasvāmī, Vri.; sale by one who is not the o.: asvāmivikrayaḥ, Kat.; o. of cattle: gosvāmī, M.

OWNERSHIP:
     1 svatvam, creating, destroying o.: svatvajanaka (f. nikā), svatvanāśaka (f. śikā), Srikrishna; partial o.: ekadeśagatasvatvam, Mit.;
     2 by svāmin, to acquire o.: svāmī bhavati, Mi.

OX:
     1 go (m.);
     2 vṛṣaḥ -bhaḥ;
     3 ukṣan (m.).

OX-HIDE:
     1 gavyam, Mah.;
     2 ukṣacarman (n.) and sim. comp.s.

OXIDIZE: jārayati (c. of jṝ), Wilson: v. Also rush.

OXLIP: *ukṣakandaḥ.

OX-STALL: ukṣaśālā (?): v. Cow-pen.

OXYGEN: *prāṇavāyuḥ; sāravāyuḥ.

OXYTONE: in gram: antodātta (f. ttā).

OYEZ: śṛṇuta śṛṇuta (= hear), Mr.

OYSTER: śuktiḥ -kā, o. -shell: śuktipuṭam -peśī.


PABULUM: bhojanam: v. Food.

PACE (subs.):
     I A step: q. v.: padam -nyāsaḥ.
     II Gait:
     1 gatiḥ, p. of a horse: aśvasya gatiḥ, M. n.; at a quick p.: drutagatyā;
     2 dhārā (of horses), "pūrṇavegā tathā cānyā pañca dhārāḥ prakīrtitāḥ", M. n. Ph.: to keep or hold p. with: saha calati (cal, c. 1.) (used in Bengali).
     III A measure: perh. padam.

PACE (v. i.): krāmati (kram, c. 1.), p. up and down: parikrāmati: v. To move.

PACE (v. t.):
     I To pass over: atikrāmati.
     II To measure: q. v.: mimīte (, c. 3.).

PACHA: v. Pasha.

PACIFIC: śāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), pra-, the eastern ocean is p.: praśāntaḥ pūrvasāgaraḥ, Ram.: v. Quiet, calm.

PACIFICALLY: expr. by circumlo., p. inclined: śamapravaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Peace.

PACIFICATION: śamanam pra-: v. Also reconciliation.

PACIFICATOR, PACIFIER: expr. by circumlo.: v. Peace, to make.

PACIFICATORY: śāntikaraḥ (rī raṃ); śāntidaḥ (dā daṃ); and sim. comp.s.

PACIFY: śamayati pra- (c. of śam): v. To appease, reconcile.

PACK (subs.):
     I A bundle: poṭṭalī (?).
     II Of hounds etc.: gaṇaḥ.
     III Of cards: paṭalam (??).

PACK (v.): paṭalīkaroti (??). P. off: apasārayati (c. of sṛ).

PACKAGE: no equiv.: poṭṭalī or paṭalam may be used.

PACKET:
     1 poṭa(ṭṭa)likā (?);
     2 kūrcaḥ (??).

PACK-CLOTH: *saṃvaraṇavāsas (n.), etc.: v. Cloth.

PACK-HORSE:
     1 sthūrin (m.);
     2 sthaurin (m.);
     3 pṛṣṭho'śvaḥ; etc.

PACK-SADDLE:
     1 palyānam (comp. Beng. pālān);
     2 paryāṇam or paryayaṇam.

PACK-THREAD: dāman (n.); v. Cord, string.

PAD (subs.):
     I A package: kūrcaḥ.
     II A bolster: upadhānam.

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PAD (v.): tūlādinā pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.) or bharati (bhṛ, c. 1.).

PADDING:
     I The act: pūraṇam; bharaṇam.
     II The things: expr. by verb.

PADDLE (subs.): kṣepaṇiḥ: v. Oar.

PADDLE (v.):
     I Intrans.:
     1 ā-hanti (han, c. 2.), Ki. viii. 43.;
     2 tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.), (poet.), R. xvi. 66.
     II Trans: cālayati saṃ-, (c. of cal).

PADDLE-BOX: *cakrakoṣṭhaḥ (the exact sense from context).

PADDLE-WHEEL: *vārisañcālanacakram; potacakram.

PADDOCK: vṛtiḥ: v. Enclosure.

PADLOCK: *mahātālakam.

PADDY: dhānyam. Winter p.: śālidhānyam; autumnal p.: āśudhānyam.

PAEN, PEAN: jayagītam and sim. comp.s.: v. Song.

PAGAN: mithyādevabhaktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ) (?): v. Heathen, -ish.

PAGANISM: mithyādevabhaktiḥ (?): v. Heathenism.

PAGE (subs.):
     I Of a book: pṛṣṭhā.
     II A boy attendant:
     1 ceṭaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kiṃkaraḥ: v. Servant.

PAGE (v.): pṛṣṭhāḥ aṅkayati or pṛṣṭhāṅkanaṃ karoti (??).

PAGEANT:
     I A grand show: samārohaḥ; anything showy: perh. dṛśyam.

PAGEANTRY: āḍambaraḥ: v. Show.

PAGODA: siddhāyatanam: v. Temple.

PAIL: bhāṇḍaḥ: v. Also bucket.

PAIN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 vedanā, for this exercise I have got p. in the head: vyāyāmena mamānena jātā śirasi vedanā, Mah. iii. 297. 3.; (my mother) died of p.s of labour: prasavavedanayā lokāntaramagamat, K.:
     2 pīḍā, giving p.: pīḍākaraḥ (rī raṃ), V.s.;
     3 vyathā;
     4 duḥkham, who causes p. without drawing blood: śoṇitena vinā duḥkhamutpādayitā, V.s.;
     5 rūj (f (rare), who does not understand my mental p.: rūjaṃ mama na veda yo mānasīm, V. ii. 11. In pl. labour, effort: q. v.: pariśramaḥ.
     III Punishment: expr. by circumlo., "under p. of death": no ceddhantavyo'si.

PAIN (v.):
     1 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.), I am p. ed: pīḍito'smi, R. xi. 38.;
     2 vyathayati (c. of vyath), and this proclamation p.s. my mind: eṣā ca vyathayati ghoṣaṇā mano me, Mr. x. 22.;
     3 duḥkhākaroti, this p.s me: ado duḥkhākaroti mām, Si. ii. 11. To be p.ed:
     1 vyathate (vyath, c. 1.), Ki. i. 2.;
     2 pīḍyate (pass. of pīḍ), etc.

PAINFUL:
     I As an abscess:
     1 rūjāvat (f. ), Ni.;
     2 sarūjaḥ (jā jaṃ), Ni. Very p.:
     1 mahārūjaḥ (jā jaṃ), Ni.;
     2 atyarthavedanaḥ (nā naṃ), Ni.; etc.
     II Causing pain:
     1 kaṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), her awaking was more p. than her loss of sense: mohādabhūt kaṣṭataraḥ prabodhaḥ, R. xvi. 56.;
     2 duḥkhadaḥ (dā daṃ), M.n. and sim. comp.s.;
     3 vyathaka (f. thikā) (rare), Ki. ii. 4.
     III Laborious: śramasādhya (f. dhyā) and sim. comp.s.

PAINFULLY:
     I With pain:
     1 vyathitaḥ (tā taṃ); savyathaḥ (thā thaṃ).
     II Laboriously: śrameṇa.

PAINFULNESS: sarūjatā, etc.: v. Painful.

PAINLESS: arūjaḥ (jā jaṃ), Ni. and sim. comp.s.

PAINSTAKING: expr. by verb: pariśramaṃ karoti: v. Laborious.

PAINT (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 citrayati (citr, c. 10.);
     2 ā-likhati (likh, c. 6.), bālacūtavṛkṣasya pārśve ālikhitā, Sa. vi.
     II To colour: ālikhati, p. ing idols: pratimāḥ ālikhanti, Mah. vi. 3. 9.
     III Fig.: varṇayati: v. To describe.

PAINT (subs.):
     1 varṇakam, from vividness of p.: varṇakocchvāsāt, Sa. vi. 18.;
     2 raṅgaḥ.

PAINT-BRUSH:
     1 vartikā, skill in the use of p.: vartikālekhānipuṇatā, Sa.;
     2 varṇatūlī -likā.

PAINTER:
     I Artistic:
     1 citrakara (f. );
     2 citralikh (mfn (rare).
     II Fig.: expr. by verb.

PAINTING (subs.):
     I The art:
     1 citrakarman (n.) and sim. comp.s.
     II Anything painted:
     1 citram, even in the p.: citre'pi, Sa. vi. 14.;
     2 ālekhyam, R.

PAIR (subs.):
     I Of things:
     1 yugam -lam;
     2 yugmam;
     3 -dvayam in comp. (= two): v. Both.
     II Of the sexes: dvandvam, to couple a p.: dvandvaṃ yojayati, R. vii. 14.: v. Couple. Ph.: A p. of sand-pipers: ṭiṭṭibhadampatī, P.

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PAIR (v. t.): yojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To join, match.

PAIR (v. i.):
     I To couple:
     1 sambhavati (bhū, c. 1.), p. ed with her: sambabhūva tayā sārdham, Mah. i. 104. 6.;
     2 maithunam ācarati (car, c. 1.) (with loc. of the female), Mah.
     II To suit, fit: q. v.: yujyate (pass of yuj).

PAIRING (subs.):
     1 vyavāyaḥ;
     2 maithunam;
     3 saṅgamaḥ.

PALAGE:
     1 saudha (mn.);
     2 harmyam;
     3 rājakulam (royal).

PALADIN: bhaṭaḥ: v. Champion.

PALANQUIN:
     1 narayānam, Mah.;
     2 manuṣyavāhyaṃ caturasrayānam, R. vi. 10.;
     3 śivikā (= litter), V. p.

PALATABLE:
     1 svādu (mfn.): v. Sweet;
     2 āsvādya (f. dyā), containing p. water: āsvādyatoyaḥ (yā yaṃ), H.: v. Also nice.

PALATAL: i. e. a p. letter: tālavyam -varṇam.

PALATE:
     I Lit.: tālu (n.). Ph.: soft p.: upajihvā: v. Uvulla.
     II Fig., taste: q. v.: abhirūciḥ.

PALATIAL: Ph. P. building: mahāprāsādaḥ: v. Palace, big.

PALATINE: Ph.: Count p.: *uparājaḥ.

PALAVER:
     I Subs.:
     1 cāṭūktiḥ (?);
     2 priyavādaḥ (?).
     II Verb.: expr. by subs.

PALE (adj.):
     I Dusky white:
     1 pāṇḍu (mfn.);
     2 pāṇḍuraḥ (rā raṃ);
     3 hariṇaḥ (ṇī ṇaṃ), "vivarṇo hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ", Mah. 137.
     II Not ruddy, wan: vivarṇa (f. rṇā), p. with lustre gone: vivarṇā vigataśrīkā, Mah. i. 8. 18.; those kings grew p.: prapede vivarṇabhāvaṃ sa sa bhūmipālaḥ, R. vi. 67.
     III Dim, not bright: mandaprabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) and sim. comp.s., then when the p. moon: nidhau kalānāmatha mandakāntau, B. xi. 1.
     IV Light (of colours): prob. pāṇḍura- in comp.: v. Also slight.

PALE (subs.):
     I A stake: śalākā.
     II Limit, fence: q. v.: sībhā.

PALE (v.):
     I To enclose: q. v.: parivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     II To check, stop: q. v.: avarūṇaddhi (rūdh, c. 7.).
     III To turn p.: vivarṇībhavati.

PALE-EYED: pāṇḍunayanaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s. (comp. vipāṇḍubhirmlānatayā payodharaiḥ, Ki. iv. 24.).

PALENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 pāṇḍutā vi-;
     2 pāṇḍuratā.
     II Loss of colour: vivarṇatā or vaivarṇyam.
     III Dimness: q. v.

PALEOGRAPHY: purāṇavarṇalakṣaṇam and sim. comp.s.

PALETTE: v. Pallet.

PALFREY: ghoṭakabhedaḥ.

PALINDROME: pratilomānulomapādaḥ (whose every foot is a p.), Si. xix. 40.: pratilomānulomārddham (whose half is a p.), Ki. xv. 20.: pratilomānulomena ślokadvayam (whose two verses form a p.), Ki. xv. 22-3., Si. xix. 33-4.

PALING: vṛtiḥ: v. Enclosure.

PALINODE: apalāpaḥ: v. Recantation.

PALISADE: prob. guñjaḥ (comp. goṃj in Bengali).

PALISADING (subs.): guñjavṛtiḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

PALISH:
     1 āpāṇḍu (mfn.);
     2 āpāṇḍuraḥ (rā raṃ), etc.: v. Pale.

PALL (subs.): vāsas (n.) or mahārhavāsas (n.) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PALL (v. i.):
     1 nīrasībhavati;
     2 virasībhavati;
     3 by adj.

PALLADIUM: fig.: śaraṇam: v. Defence, safety.

PALLET:
     I A small bed: khaṭvikā.
     II Painter's board: raṅgaphalakam and sim. comp.s.

PALLIATE:
     1 laghayati (nomi.);
     2 laghūkaroti: v. Also to cover (II).

PALLIATION:
     1 by verb;
     2 upaśamaḥ (= abatement).

PALLIATIVE:
     1 by verb;
     2 upaśamanaḥ (nī naṃ = mitigating: rare);
     3 śāntiprada (f. = 2) and sim. comp.s.

PALLID: pāṇḍu (mfn.): v. Pale.

PALLOR: pāṇḍutā: v. Paleness.

PALM (subs.):
     I Of the hand: karatala (mn.) and sim. comp.s. Ph.: joining the p.s.: (in respect) kṛtāñjali (mfn.), -puṭaḥ (ṭā ṭaṃ) or baddhāñjali (mfn.), etc.
     II A measure: hastārddham.
     III A tree: tālaḥ (the palmyra p.: for other species, use tālajātīyaḥ). Its sap: tālī. Made of its wood: tāla- in comp. s or tāla (f. ).
     IV Its fruit: tālam, like the fall of the p.-fruit on the crow: (i. e. sudden and unexpected) kākatālīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), S. k. V. Fig., a p.-leaf as a token of victory: jayapatākā.

PALM (v.): To p. off: i. e. to impose, defraud: q. v.: saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram).

PALMARY:
     I Measuring a palm: ṣaḍaṅgulaḥ (lā laṃ).
     II Palmy: q. v.

PALMATE, -D: karatalākāraḥ (rā raṃ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PALMER: sadātīrthaniṣevin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PALMER-WORM: lomaśakīṭaḥ (?).

PALMISTER: sāmudrakajña (f. jñā); karatalavidyāvid (mfn.) (?); etc.

PALMISTRY: sāmudrakam; perh. karatalavidyā (comp. aṅkavidyā, V. m.).

PALM-OIL: *tālatailam.

PALMY: samṛddha (f. ddhā): v. To flourish, prosperous.

PALMYRA: tālaḥ, ashes of p. flowers with molasses destroy spleen: tālapuṣpabhavaḥ kṣāraḥ saguḍaḥ plīhanāśanaḥ, Chakradatta.

PALPABLE: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Plain, clear. Ph.: p. darkness: sūcībhedyatamas (n.); p. arithmetic: *sparśāṅkaḥ -śāstram.

PALPABLY:
     1 spaṣṭam;
     2 sphuṭam: v. Also clearly.

PALPITATE: vepate, my heart is p. ing: vepate me hṛdayam: v. To throb.

PALPITATION:
     1 spandaḥ -nam (natural);
     2 kampaḥ (from fear etc.), p. of the heart: hṛtkampaḥ;
     2 ghepathuḥ (rare = 2.).

PALSICAL, PALSIED: v. Paralysis.

PALSY: stambhaḥ: v. Paralysis.

PALTER: vikurute (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To shuffle.

PALTRINESS:
     1 kṣudratā;
     2 tucchatā;
     3 laghutā.

PALTRY:
     1 kṣudra (f. drā);
     2 tuccha (f. cchā): v. Trifling.

PAMPAS: viśālakṣetrāṇi (n. pl.) (?).

PAMPER: pyāyayati (c. of pyāy): v. Also satiate.

PAMPHLET: kṣudrapustakam (?): v. Book.

PAMPHLETEER: sandarbhalekhakaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

PAN:
     I The god: gopadevatā.
     II The preparation: tāmbūlam, gave another p. to Mahaśvetā: aparaṃ tāmbūlaṃ mahāśve tāyai prāyacchat, K. III. A vessel: bhājanam, frying p.: bhrāṣṭram.
     IV The skull: kapālam.

PANACEA: sarvarogahara (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PANCAKE: piṣṭakaviśeṣaḥ.

PANDECT: *romakasaṃhitā.

PANDEMONIUM: rakṣaḥsabhabh, S. k.; narakaḥ (= hell).

PANDER (subs.): viṭaḥ: v. Procurer.

PANDER (v.):
     I Lit.: sambhogāya pravartate (vṛt, c. 1.); better by circumlo. "sajjayanti hi te nārīḥ", M. viii. 362.
     II Fig.: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).

PANDERING (subs.): saṃghaṭanajīvikā (comp. sambhogajīvikā, Mit.).

PANDIT, PUNDIT: I. Lit.: paṇḍitaḥ.
     II A tutor: śikṣakaḥ.

PANE: of glass: *kācaphalakam; caturasrakācam.

PANEGYRIC:
     1 saṃstavaḥ;
     2 stutivādaḥ: v. Also praise.

PANEGYRIST:
     1 stotṛ (f. trī), saṃ-;
     2 stavavaktṛ (f. ktrī) and sim. comps.

PANEL (subs.):
     I Of a door: kapā(vā)ṭa (mn.).
     II Of jurors: sabhyalekhyam (?).

PANG:
     1 vedanā (= pain.), p. s of childbirth: prasavavedanā, K.;
     2 yātanā;
     3 yantraṇā;
     4 kāraṇā (rare), to taste the p. s of hell: kāraṇānāṃ nārakīṇāṃ rasajñānāya, D. vii.

PANIC (subs.):
     I Sudden fright: santrāsaḥ: v. Terror, fear. Ph.: to be seized with p.: trasyati, Ki. xv. 1.
     II A grass:
     1 dūrvā (= panicum dactylon);
     2 aṇuḥ (= p. miliaceum).

PANIC-STRUCK:
     1 bhayavipluta (f. ), Ki. xiii. 24. and sim. comp. s;
     2 piśācopahata (f. ) iva, D. i.

PANNEL:
     I Rustic saddle: paryāṇam.
     II Of a hawk: jaṭharam.

PANNIER: karaṇḍaḥ -kaḥ: v. Basket.

PANOPLY:
     1 sarvāṅgavarman (n. ?);
     2 tanutram (= armour: q. v.).

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PANORAMA: *viśvadṛśyam; better by circumlo.: v. View.

PANSLAVISM: *sarvaśrāvakasaṃyogaḥ.

PANSY: a plant and its flowers: *prāṇaśī.

PANT:
     I To palpitate: vepate (vep, c. 1.).
     II To breathe hard: viniḥśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.).
     III To long for: q. v.: spṛhayati (spṛh, c. 10.).

PANTALOON:
     I A buffoon: bhaṇḍaḥ.
     II A dress: *pānthalam.

PANTHEISM: *vaiśvadevam; viśvadevamatam.

PANTHEIST: *viśvadevin (f. ); viśvadevamataḥ (tā taṃ).

PANTHEISTIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or subs.

PANTHEON: viśvadevakulam may be used in every sense.

PANTHER: perh. puṇḍarīkaḥ (= leopard: q. v.).

PANTING: (adj.):
     1 viniḥśvasat (ntī);
     2 vepamāna (f. = quaking).

PANTOMIME:
     I An actor: *mūkābhinetṛ (f. trī).
     II A representation: *mūkābhinayaḥ; lāsyam (?).

PANTOMIME, PANTOMIMIC (adj.): expr. by comp.

PANTRY: bhāṇḍāram (?); khādyabhāṇḍāram (?). N. B. In Hindu houses mahānasam (= cooking house) is also the p.

PAP:
     I A nipple: q. v.: stanaḥ.
     II Soft food for boys: siddhacūrṇam (?).

PAPA: tātaḥ: v. Also father.

PAPACY: *pātṛpadam; pātṛtvam: v. Pope.

PAPAL: *paupa (pī paṃ), pātrya (f. tryā), and sim. comp.s.

PAPAW: amṛtā (both the tree and its fruit).

PAPER (subs.):
     I Lit.: patram may be used, note-p.: lekhayapatram.
     II Any document: patram: v. Writing.
     III A newspaper: *patram.

PAPER (v.): *patraiḥ āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.) and sim. comp.s.: To cover.

PAPER-HANGER: *patracchādakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

PAPER-MAKER: *patrakāraḥ; patrakṛt; etc.: v. Maker.

PAPER-MONEY: *dhanapatram; ṭaṅkapatram.

PAPIST: *popadhvajaḥ (jā jaṃ); pātṛdhvajaḥ (jā jaṃ), and sim. comp.s.

PAPISTIC, -AL: expr. by comp.: v. Also Popish.

PAPYRUS: *patrajanman (m.); patraveṇuḥ.

PAR: samatā, on p., at p.: samaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Equal.

PARABLE:
     1 kathā (= story);
     2 upamā (= simile).

PARABOLA: *samāntarakṣetram; anuvṛttam.

PARABOLICAL: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

PARADE (subs.):
     I Ostentation, pomp: āḍambaraḥ.
     II Procession: yātrā.
     III Military: khuralī (?).
     IV P. -ground: khalūrikā (?), H. c.; vyāyāmabhūmiḥ, Ka. xvi. 20.

PARADE (v.): khuralīṃ karoti (?).

PARADE (v. t.):
     I Troops etc.: khuralīṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ) (?).
     II To display: saṃ-darśayati (c. of dṛś).

PARADISM: rūpāṇi (n. pl.) or rūpādarśaḥ, p. of verbs: dhāturūpādarśaḥ.

PARADISE:
     I The garden: nandanam.
     II Heaven: q. v.:
     1 svargaḥ;
     2 vaikuṇṭham (of Vishnu). Bird of p.: *nandanaḥ; nandanakhagaḥ.

PARADISIACAL: expr. by comp. or deriv.

PARADOX: virūddhamatam and sim. comp.s. (?).

PARADOXICAL: virūddha or lokavirūddha (f. ddhā).

PARAGON: i. e. model: ādarśaḥ.

PARAGRAPH: no. equiv.: paricchedaḥ may be used.

PARALEIPSIS: in rhetoric: ākṣepaḥ, Kav.

PARALLAX: in astro: lambanam, p. in latitude: natiḥ, Su. com.

PARALLEL (adj.): In geo.: samāntaraḥ (rā raṃ), K. d.
     II Fig.: similar: q. v.: sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), p. passages: sadṛśavākyāni (?).

PARALLEL (v.): exps. by adj.: v. Also to compare.

PARALLEL (subs.):
     I A p. line: samāntararekhā. P. of latitude: akṣavṛttam.
     II Resemblance, likeness: q. v.: sādṛśyam.
     III Equal, match: q. v.: samaḥ (mā maṃ).

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PARALLELISM:
     I Of lines etc.: samāntaratā.
     II Resemblance: q. v.: sādṛśyam.

PARALLELOGRAM: samānāntaracaturbhujaḥ, K. d., *samāntarakṣetram (after Li.).

PARALLELEPIPED: samāntarakhātaḥ (after Li.).

PARALYSIS:
     1 stambhaḥ, p. of the thigh: ūrūstambhaḥ;
     2 pakṣāghātaḥ (= hemiplegia);
     3 ekāṅgavātaḥ, Bha.

PARALYTIC: pakṣādhātin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Above.

PARALYZE:
     I Lit.: stambhaṃ janayati (c. of jan): v. Above.
     II Fig.:
     1 stabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.);
     2 jaḍīkaroti, Sa. iv.

PARAMOUNT:
     1 sarvaśreṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 pradhānatama (f. );
     3 by circumlo. Ph.: p. power: adhīśvaraḥ.

PARAMOUR:
     I Male:
     1 jāraḥ;
     2 upapatiḥ.
     II Female: upapatnī.

PARAPET: vakṣodaghnaḥ prākāraḥ; or gen. sim. prākāraḥ.

PARAPHERNALIA:
     I Wife's: adhyāvahanikam (?), Mit.
     II In gen.: sāmagrī.

PARAPHRASE (subs.): anuvādaḥ, this is p. of the preceding: pūrvasyāyamanuvādaḥ, K. b. on M. viii. 350.

PARAPHRASE (v.): anuvadati (vad, c. 1., not translate as used in Bengali).

PARASITE:
     I A diner-out: parānnabhojin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     II A sycophant, flatterer: cāṭukāraḥ.
     III An animal: *paraprāṇaḥ.

PARASITIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

PARASOL: chatrikā: v. Umbrella.

PARBOIL: īṣat sādhayati (c. of sidh), p. ed: īṣatsiddha (f. ddhā).

PARCEL (subs.):
     I A small bundle: poṭalī- (likā).
     II A portion: q. v. Ph.: "part and p. of it": bhukta (f. ktā).
     III Of men: saṃghaḥ.

PARCEL OUT (v.):
     1 vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.);
     2 vaṇṭayati (vaṇṭ, c. 10.): v. To divide (I), distribute.

PARCH (v.):
     1 dahati (dah, c. 1. = to burn: q. v.);
     2 tapati (tap, c. 1.) or tāpayati (c. of tap = to heat: q. v.). P. ed i. e. dry: q. v.: śuṣka (f. ṣkā).

PARCHMENT: *carmapatram and sim. comp.s.

PARDON (subs.): kṣamā, touched the feet of the ascetic saying "I beg your p.": (lit. forgive me): caraṇau taponidheḥ kṣamyatāmiti vadan samaspṛśat, R. xi. 89.

PARDON (v.): kṣamate (kṣam, c. 1. = to forgive: q. v.).

PARDONABLE:
     1 kṣantavya (f. vyā);
     2 marṣaṇīya (f. );
     3 kṣamārha (f. rhā); and sim. comp.s.

PARDONABLY: expr. by adj. or by circumlo.

PARDONING (adj.): kṣamāśīla (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PARE (v.):
     I To clip, cut: q. v.: kalpati (kḷp, c. 1.).
     II To diminish: q. v.: tanūkaroti.

PAREGORIC:
     1 praśamanaḥ (nī naṃ);
     2 śāntiprada (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PARENT: 1. Father or mother: q. v.: without p. s.: pitṛmātṛvarjitaḥ (tā taṃ), Mah. iv. 11. 9.; p. s.: mātāpitarau, Mah. The P. s of the world: jagataḥ pitarau, R.; (I) carried (them) to my p.s: mama pitroḥ sannidhimanaiṣam, D. II. Fig.: prasūtiḥ, p. of the Vedas: śrutīnāṃ prasūtiḥ, Ki. iii. 4.: v. Source.

PARENTAGE:
     1 anvayaḥ;
     2 anvavāyaḥ;
     3 abhijanaḥ, of good p.: abhijanavat (f. ), Sa. iv.;
     4 janman (n (= birth).

PARENTAL:
     1 pitṛmātṛ- in comp.;
     2 paitṛkaḥ (kī kaṃ), Da. 54. Ph.: p. affection: vātsalyam.

PARENTALLY:
     1 pitṛmātṛvat;
     2 mātāpitarāviva.

PARENTHESIS:
     I A sentence: nikṣiptavākyam (?).
     II A sign: iti.

PARENTHETICAL:
     1 nikṣipta (f. ptā) (?);
     2 by adv.

PARENTHETICALLY:
     1 nikṣipya (?);
     2 nikṣepapūrvakam (?).

PARHELION: mithyāsūryaḥ and sim. comp. s (?): v. Sun.

PARIAH: p. s or p. dogs: grāmakukkurāḥ.

PARING (subs.):
     1 kḷptam;
     2 chinnam;
     3 by adv.

PARISH: no exact equiv. grāmaḥ or āvasathaḥ may be used.

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PARISHIONER: grāmavāsin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PARITY:
     1 sāmyam;
     2 sādṛśyam (analogy);
     3 better by adj.

PARK:
     I Lit.:
     1 upavanam;
     2 vanam or kānanam (prop. =wood), N.;
     3 ākrīḍa (mn.), D.
     II Of objects: nikaraḥ: v. Collection. Ph.: p. phaeton: *ākrīḍayānam.

PARK-KEEPER:
     1 upavanarakṣitṛ (m (?);
     2 vanapālaḥ, N. i. 76.

PARLANCE: Ph.: in common p.: laukikabhāṣayā (?).

PARLEY:
     I Subs.: saṃvādaḥ: v. Conference, conversation.
     II Verb: saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.): v. Confer, converse.

PARLIAMENT: *mahāsabhā, members of p.: *mahāsabhādhiṣṭhitāḥ.

PARLIAMENTARY: expr. by comp. or by gen., p. procedure: mahāsabhāvyavahāraḥ.

PARLOUR: *saṃlāpakam; saṃlāpakoṣṭhaḥ.

PAROCHIAL:
     1 grāmya (f. myā ?);
     2 āvasathya (f. thyā ?).

PARODY:
     I Subs. no equiv. *upavādaḥ.
     II Verb: *upavadati (vad, c. 1.).

PAROL,-E:
     I In law: uktiḥ, p. evidence: sākṣisākṣyam.
     II Promise: q. v.: pratijñā.

PARONOMASIA: śleṣaḥ, paronomastically: śliṣṭam, N. xiv. 12.

PAROXYSM:
     I Lit.: vegaḥ, when the p. is over: gatavegeṣu doṣeṣa, Bha.
     II Fig.: āveśaḥ, in a p. of rage: krodhāveśāt.

PARRICIDAL: by comp., p. crime: pitṛvadhapātakaḥ.

PARRICIDE:
     I The act:
     1 pitṛhatyā;
     2 pitṛvadhaḥ.
     II The doer:
     1 pitṛhan (mfn.);
     2 pitṛdhātin (f. ); etc.

PARROT:
     1 śukaḥ;
     2 kīraḥ (rare).

PARRY: nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. To prevent, avoid.

PARSE: *anvayavivṛtiṃkaroti. Parsing: *anvayavivṛtiḥ.

PARSEE: pārasīkaḥ, R. (use pārasikaḥ for Persian).

PARSEEISM: pārasīkadharmaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

PARSIMONIOUS:
     1 alpavyayin (f. );
     2 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā) (= miserly);
     3 baddhahasta (f. stā) (= close-fisted).

PARSIMONIOUSLY:
     1 baddhahastam;
     2 kārpaṇyena;
     3 with kuṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ).

PARSIMONY:
     1 alpavyayaḥ;
     2 kārpaṇyam;
     3 baddhahastatā: v. Adj.

PARSLEY: a plant: *pārśvalaḥ; śailin (m.).

PARSNIP: a plant: *pauṣṭilakaḥ.

PARSON: yājakaḥ (?); purohitaḥ (?).

PARSONAGE: yājakakulam (?); purohitāvāsaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

PART (subs.):
     I Portion:
     1 bhāgaḥ, in the first p. of the day: divasasyādyabhāge, Dak.;
     2 aṃśaḥ, eighth p.: aṣṭamāṃśa, Viv.;
     3 kalā (of a whole), even the 100th p.: śatatamīmapi kalām, D. ii.;
     4 lavaḥ (rare), fifth p.: pañcalavaḥ, Li. Ph.: to divide into four, five p. s: caturdhā pañcadhā karoti, S. k.
     II Of a book: aṃśaḥ, V. p.; bhāgaḥ.
     III Region: q. v.: pradeśaḥ, in this p. of the country: asmin pradeśe, K. IV. In gram.: p. of speech: no equiv.: śabdabhedaḥ may be used. V. Side, party: q. v.
     VI share: q. v.: aṃśaḥ.
     VII Allotted duty: karman (n.), will not do his p.: karma na kariṣyati, Si. xiv. 16. Ph.: it is the p. of: v. Should.
     VIII Concern, interest: saṅgaḥ.
     IX Character: bhūmikā, while acting the p. of Lakshmī: lakṣmībhūmikāyāṃ vartamānā, V. iii.; you have got up the first p. of Kāmandakī: kāmandakyāḥ prathamabhūmikāṃ bhāva evādhīte, Ma. i. X. In pl., p. s = qualities: śaktiḥ.
     XI A member, an element: q. v.: aṅgam. Ph.: (a) for my p.: ahaṃ tāvat; (b) for the most p.: prāyaśaḥ; (c) in good p.: sānurāgam or prītamanasā; (d) in ill p.: virakta (f. ktā); (e) in p.: aṃśataḥ; (f) p. and parcel: pradhānāṅgam; (g) on the p. of: v. For; (h) from all p. s: caturdigbhyaḥ.

PART (v. t.):
     I To divide, distribute: q. v.: vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.).
     II To separate: q. v.: viyojayati (c. of yuj).
     III Of the hair: sīmantayati (nomi.), whose thick mire had been p. ed by wheels: rathāṅgasīmantitasāndrakardamān, Ki. iv. 18.

PART (v. i.):
     I To p. with = leave: q. v.: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.).
     II To be separated: q. v.: viyujyate (pass. of yuj).
     III To split: q. v.: vibhajyate (pass. of bhaj).
     IV To bid farewell: expr. by circumlo., let me p.: anujānīhi māṃ gantum; they p. ed with bad grace: vināmantraṇena svaṃ svaṃ gṛhaṃ prātiṣṭhanta.

PARTAKE (v.):
     I To have a share: expr. by adv.: aṃśin (f. ), bhāgin (f. ), etc.
     II Of food etc.: bhuṃkte (bhuj, c. 7 (= enjoy with acc) bhuṃkṣva bhogān mayā sārdham.

PARTAKER:
     1 aṃśin (f. = sharer: q. v.);
     2 -bhāj (mfn.), in comp., p. of your distress: tava duḥkhabhāk;
     3 by comp., your boon companions are equal p. s of your pleasures and pains: samaduḥkhasukhaḥ sakhījanaḥ, R. viii. 65.

PARTERRE: puṣpavāṭikā and sim. comp.s.

PARTHENON: *kṛmārīkulam; sarasvatīmandiram.

PARTIAL:
     I Not total:
     1 āṃśika (f. ), p. eclipse: āṃśikagrāsaḥ, Su. comp.;
     2 kvacit kvacit (= in some places, as of p. rain).
     II Biased: pakṣapātin (f. ), even gods are p. to the Pāṇḍavas: pakṣapātino devā'pi pāṇḍavānām, Va.: v. Also unfair, unjust.

PARTIALITY:
     I Undue bias: pakṣapātaḥ or -pātitā: v. Also unfairness.
     II Special fondness: āgrahaḥ.

PARTIALLY:
     I Partly, somewhat: q. v.:
     1 aṃśataḥ;
     2 asamagra- and sim. expr. s in comp.
     II With undue bias:
     1 sapakṣapātam;
     2 by subs.

PARTICIPANT: -bhāj (mfn.) in comp.: v. Partake.

PARTICIPATE: expr. by aṃśin (f. ): v. Partake, -r.

PARTICIPATION:
     1 bhogaḥ (= enjoyment);
     2 better by circumlo.

PARTICIPATOR: -bhāj (mfn.) in comp.: v. Partaker.

PARTICIPIAL: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

PARTICIPLE:
     1 sat (present p.);
     2 niṣṭhā (past p.); etc.: v. Grammar.

PARTICLE:
     I A minute portion:
     1 kaṇaḥ;
     2 kaṇikā;
     3 aṇuḥ.
     II In gram.:
     1 nipātaḥ;
     2 avyaya (mn. = indeclinable p.).

PARTI-COLOURED:
     1 citravicitra (f. trā);
     2 nānāraṅga (f. ṅgā) and sim. comp.s. (= of many colours);
     3 kalmāṣita (f. = variegated).

PARTICULAR (adj.):
     I Not common, singular, special:
     1 viśeṣa- in comp.; p. news: viśeṣavārttā; p. grant: viśeṣadānam, He.;
     2 viśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā); p. mark: viśiṣṭaliṅgam.
     II Specifiable, definite: -viśeṣaḥ in comp., at p. times: kālaviśeṣe; to p. individuals: vyaktiviśeṣeṣu, M. n. on Ku. v. 31.
     III Minute: q. v.: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā).
     IV Hard to suit, punctilious: expr. by circumlo., very p. in dress: *veśabhūṣāyāṃ mahādaraḥ. V. Single, individual: not expr.

PARTICULAR (subs.): in p.: viśeṣataḥ; p. s of a story: ghaṭanāvalī (better expr. with vistaraśaḥ = in detail); "for his p.": viśiṣṭatayā.

PARTICULARITY:
     I Lit.: viśiṣṭatā.
     II Detail: q. v.

PARTICULARIZE: saviśeṣaṃ kathayati (kath, c. 10.) or varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.).

PARTICULARLY:
     I In detail:
     1 vistareṇa;
     2 vistaraśaḥ.
     II Especially:
     1 viśeṣeṇa;
     2 viśiṣya, N. i. 131.;
     3 viśeṣataḥ, He.: v. Also chiefly.

PARTING (subs.): viyogaḥ: v. Separation, departure.

PARTISAN:
     I Of a party: q. v.:
     1 pakṣīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     2 pakṣastha (f. sthā).
     II A staff: q. v.: ṛṣṭiḥ, Nil.

PARTISANSHIP: pakṣapātitā or pakṣapātaḥ "pakṣapātakṛtasnehaḥ" Mah.

PARTITION (subs.):
     I In law: vibhāgaḥ, deed of p.: vibhāgapatram, Vri. or bhāgalekhyam, Da.
     II Division, separation: q. v.: paricchedaḥ.
     III That which separates: vyavacchedikā bhūḥ, Mit. and sim. comp.s.
     IV A compartment: koṣṭhaḥ.

PARTITION (v.): vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.): v. To divide.

PARTITIVE: aṃśadyotaka (f. tikā) and sim. comp.s. (??).

PARTLY:
     1 aṃśataḥ;
     2 with adj. aṃśikaḥ (kī kaṃ): v. Little.

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PARTNER:
     I In business:
     1 sambhūyakārin (f. ṇī), by all the p.s: sambhūyakāribhiḥ sarvaiḥ, Mit.;
     2 sahakārin (f. ṇī), Viv.;
     3 samavāyin (f. ), Vri.
     II In matrimony: v. Consort.
     III A partaker, sharer: q. v.: samaduḥkhasukhaḥ sakhījanaḥ, R. viii. 65.

PARTNERSHIP: In business:
     1 sambhūyasamutthānam, M.;
     2 sahakriyā, Vri. N. B. In arith. miśrakavyavahāraḥ includes p., Li.

PARTRIDGE:
     1 tittiraḥ (riḥ) (= francolin p.);
     2 cakoraḥ (= Greek p.);
     3 kṛkaṇaḥ (= sylvan p.).

PARTURITION: prajananam: v. Also delivery.

PARTY:
     I A faction: an assembly: pakṣaḥ, the p. of the bridegroom: varapakṣaḥ, R. vi. 86.; because he is of Prahāravarmā's p.: prahāravarmaṇaḥ pakṣa iti, D. iii.; by the Bhojas of Akrūras p.: akrūrapakṣīyairbhojaiḥ, V. p. iv. 13. 52.
     II In law: pakṣaḥ, opposite p.: pratipakṣaḥ, Mit.; the first p.: pūrvapakṣaḥ, Y. ii. 17.
     III Social: expr. with bhojanam or bhojayati: v. To feed.
     IV Military: dalam.

PARTY-COLOURED: v. Parti-coloured.

PARTY-SPIRIT: perh. pakṣapātitā or pakṣānurāgaḥ.

PARTY-WALL: sīmābhittiḥ (?); sīmākuḍyam (?).

PARVENU: expr. with navaḥ (vā vaṃ): v. New, upstart.

PASHA:
     1 rājan (= king); bhogapatiḥ ( governor).

PASQUINADE: kaulīnagītam (??) and sim. comp.s.

PASS (v. t.):
     I To go beyond:
     1 atikrāmati or krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.);
     2 atyeti (i, c 2.);
     3 laṅghate ut- vi-, (laṅgh, c. 1.), p. ing Lahore the Turks reached their encampment: ullaṅghya loharaṃ prāpusturaskāḥ svaniveśanam, Raj.;
     4 tarati ut- (tṝ, c. 1.) (= to cross), p. ing the next road: tatparaṃ vartma tīrṇaḥ, Me. i. 19.
     II To surpass: q. v.
     III To spend time:
     1 gamayati (c. of gam), even Śiva p. ed those days with difficulty: paśupatirapi tānyahāni kṛcchrādagamayat, Ku. vi. 95.;
     2 yāpayati (c. of ), Me. ii. 28.;
     3 nayati (, c. 1.), the night was p. ed as a moment: nītā rātriḥ kṣaṇa iva.., Me.;
     4 vāhayati ati-, (c. of vah), p. ing one night: rātrimekāmativāhya, B. r.;
     5 vasati vi-, (vas, c. 1.), p. ed that night: ūṣustāṃ rajanīm, Mah.;
     6 kṣapayati (c. of kṣī), p. ed the night as if in a moment: kṣaṇādiva kṣaṇadāṃ kṣapitavatī, K. IV. To send on: q. v.: prāpayati (c. of āp).
     V To utter: q. v.: udīrayati (īr, c. 10.).
     VI To care: q. v.
     VII To put in circulation:
     1 cālayati saṃ-, (c. of cal);
     2 cārayati saṃ-, (c. of car).
     VIII To carry on, ratify, as accounts, laws: *saṃsādhayati (c. of sidh).

PASS (v. i.):
     I Of time:
     1 gacchati (gam, c. 1.);
     2 yāti (, c. 2.): v. Also p. away.
     II To go, move: q. v.: calati (cal, c. 1.).
     III To become changed: expr. by bhavati (= to become).
     IV To be current:
     1 calati pra-;
     2 by adj.: pracalaḥ (lā laṃ) or pracalitaḥ (f. ).
     V To occur, happen: q. v.
     VI To surpass: q. v.
     VII To be enacted: *sidhyati (sidh, c. 4.) or siddhībhavati.

PASS AWAY:
     1 vigacchati, whose life had then p. ed a.: tatkṣaṇavigatajīvita (f. ), K.;
     2 viyāti (rare), and the night p. ed a.: vibhāvarī ca vyayāsīt, D. v.;
     3 vyatyeti (i, c. 2.), thrice seven days p. ed a.: triguṇāni saptadināni vyatīyuḥ, R. ii. 25.: v. Also to elapse.

PASS BY:
     I Lit.: expr. by atikrāmati or atyeti and words signifying near, although you p. by (me), you do not cast a look: samīpe'pyatikrāmantīto dṛṣṭiṃ na dadāsi, Mal. i.
     II Of time: atyoti (i, c. 2.): v. Pass away.
     III To pass over, omit: q. v.

PASS FOR:
     1 by nomi., even a castor-oil plant p. es for a tree: eraṇḍo'pi drumāyate, H.;
     2 by circumlo., he p. es for a learned man: taṃ paṇḍitaṃ manyante.: v. To think.

PASS OFF:
     I To go away: q. v.: apaiti (i, c. 2.).
     II To palm, impose: bhāvayati (c. of bhū), D. ii.

PASS ON: prayāti (, c. 2.): v. To proceed.

PASS OVER:
     I To cross over: atikramya gacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc.,
     II To go over (III): q. v.
     III To omit, neglect: ā-kṣipati ut-, (kṣip, c. 6.).

PASS ROUND: aparān etc. (= other) prāpayati (c. of āp).

PASS THROUGH: bhittvā niṣkrāmati (kram, c. 1. = to come out).

PASS, BRING TO:
     1 ghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ);
     2 āvahati (vah, c. 1. = to bring).

PASS (subs.):
     I A narrow and difficult way:
     1 kāntāraḥ;
     2 ranghram (mountain p.).
     II Passport: q. v.
     III Condition: daśā.
     IV A thrust or push: q. v.

PASSABLE:
     I Lit.: the road is not p.: agamyo'yaṃ panthāḥ; the stream is p. by boats: nautāryeyaṃ sarit: v. To pass.
     II Current: q. v.: pracalaḥ (lā laṃ),
     III Mediocre, middling: q. v.

PASSABLY: expr. by adj., not even p. acquainted with medicine: *sāmānyamapi vaidyakajñānaṃ na vartate.

PASSAGE: The act:
     1 gamanam (= going);
     2 taraṇam (= crossing);
     3 atikramaḥ (= 2): v. To pass. Ph.: p. to and fro: yātāyātam; to effect a p.: yātrāṃ karoti: v. To march.
     II In vessels: p. money: tārikam or tarapaṇyam; to take p. in so and so: amukapotena yātrāṃ sthirīkaroti (?).
     III Way, road: q. v.: mārgaḥ.
     IV Of a book:
     1 vacanam;
     2 sthalam (= place). V. Event: ghaṭanā.
     VI Reception, currency: pracāraḥ. Ph.: birds of p,: *anavasthitasthitayaḥ pakṣiṇaḥ; p. at arms: *samardo bāhūbāhavi.

PASSENGER:
     1 yātrika (f. );
     2 yātrin (f. ṇī);
     3 yāyin (f. ).

PASSER-BY:
     1 pathikaḥ, by female p.s-by: pathikavadhūmiḥ, Ma. n. iii. 17.;
     2 pānthaḥ;
     3 yāyin (= passer).

PASSING (adj.): atiśaya- in comp.: v. Excessive, great.

PASSING (adv.): atiśaya- in comp., p. beautiful: atiśayasundara (f. ); p. shrewdly: atiśayavaidagdhyena: v. Exceedingly.

PASSING-BELL: maraṇaghaṇṭā and sim. comp.s. (?): v. Death.

PASSION:
     I As opposed to action
     I kriyā (?).
     II Endurance, sufferance: q. v.: Ph.: p. week: *yātanāsaptāham and sim. comp.s.
     III Sensual desire:
     1 abhilāṣaḥ, had p. for his own daughter: svasutāyāmabhilāṣamakarot, K.;
     2 kāmaḥ, p. considers (all) itself: kāmaḥ svatāṃ paśyati, Sa. iii. 2.; p. never subsides by enjoyment of pleasures: na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānāmupabhogena śāmyati, H. IV. Rage: q. v.: saṃrambhaḥ, roused her p.: tāṃ saṃrambhaṃ nināya, R. V. Great fondness for: vyasanam, p. for living at Kailāsa: kailāsanivāsavyasanam, K.

PASSIONATE:
     I Fervent, earnest:
     1 sāgraha (f. );
     2 ātyantika (f. ) (= excessive);
     3 gāḍha pra-, (f. ḍhā = deep).
     II Easily excited:
     1 krīdhana (f. );
     2 caṇḍaprakṛti (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.
     II Lustful: q. v.

PASSIONATELY:
     I Fervently:
     3 gāḍham pra-, (= deeply);
     2 ekāntam (= exceedingly);
     3 paramam (= 2).
     II With anger;
     1 saroṣam;
     2 sakopam: v. Angrily.

PASSIONATENESS:
     I Insensibility:
     1 krodhaśīlatā;
     2 caṇḍaprakṛtiḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Lust: kāmitā.

PASSIONLESS:
     1 virakta (f. ktā: rare);
     2 rāgahīna (f. );
     3 vītaspṛha (f. ), Ki. iii. 12; and sim. comp.s.

PASSIVE:
     I In gram: p. voice: karmavācyam; in the p. voice: karmaṇi; on p. verbs: karmatiṅprakriyā, S. k.; in the reflective p. voice: karmakartari, S. k.
     II Not active: expr. by sahate (sah, c. 1. = to bear) or kriyate (pass. of kṛ); p. agent: karmādhāraḥ (?).

PASSIVELY: In gram. karmaṇi (loc.).

PASSIVENESS, PASSIVITY:
     1 sahiṣṇutā (= patience);
     2 niśceṣṭatā (= inactivity).

PASSOVER: A Jewish feast: *abhikramaḥ.

PASSPORT: Without a p.: amudrālāñchitaḥ, Mu. v.; I will take a. p. from Bhāgurāyaṇa: ahamapi bhāgurāyaṇād mudrāṃ pratīcchāmi, Mu. v.

PASSWORD: gamanādeśaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

PAST (adj.):
     1 gata (f. ), p. year: gatavarṣam;
     2 atīta (f. ). Ph.: p. tense: bhūtakālaḥ, in remote p.: bhūte'nadyatane, S. k.; m p. times: purā: v. Formerly.

PAST (subs.):
     1 bhūtam, the lord of the p., the future, and the present: bhūtamavyabhavadīśaḥ, Ki. xii. 19.; (2). atītam.

PAST (= prep.): p. the time: atītakālaḥ, R. v. 14.: v. After; p. the house: gṛhamatikramya: v. Beyond.

PASTE (subs.):
     1 vilepī, Bha.;
     2 udapeṣaḥ (?: udapeṣam of Pāṇini vi. 3. 58. is an adv.).

PASTE (v.):
     1 limpati vi-, (lip, c. 6.);
     2 sarjayati saṃ-, (c. of sṛj). P. ed with wax: madhūcchiṣṭasthita (f. ), Mah. iii. 308. 7.

PASTE-BOARD: *saṃsṛṣṭapatram and sim. comp.s.

PASTERN: of a horse: gulphaḥ (= ankle).

PASTIME:
     1 vinodaḥ (= amusement);
     2 krīḍā (= play, sport: q. v.).

PASTOR:
     I Shepherd: q. v.:
     II Religious: ācāryaḥ.

PASTORAL:
     I Adj.: p. life: avipālatvam; p. poem: *gopakāvyam; p. duties: dharmakāryāṇi; p. office: ācāryakarman (n.) and sim. comp.s.
     II Subs.: *gopakāvyam.

PASTRY:
     1 piṣṭakāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 āpūpikam;
     3 miṣṭānnam (= sweetmeats)

PASTRY-COOK:
     1 āpūpikaḥ;
     2 piṣṭakakāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

PASTURAGE:
     I Grazing ground: pracārabhūmiḥ, V. p. com. and sim. comp.s.
     II Grazing for cattle: perh. cāraḥ (comp. Beng. cārā); yavasa (mn.).

PASTURE (subs.):
     1 yavasa (mn.);
     2 śādvalam, with abundant water and p.: paryāptajalaśādvalam, Ka. xiv. 30.: v. Pasturage.

PASTURE (v.): carati (car, c. 1.).: v. To graze.

PASTY (subs.): no equiv.: *māṃsāpūpaḥ.

PAT:
     I Adj.: saṅgata (f. ): v. Also fit.
     II Verb: hastena spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6.), Indra p. ted his body: hastena pasparśa tadaṅgamindraḥ, Ku. iii. 22.

PATCH (v.):
     1 saṃgrathnāti (granth, c. 1.), eagerly engaged in p. ing old nets: jīrṇavāgurāsaṃgrathanavyagraiḥ, K.;
     2 perh. saṃvidadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.).

PATCH (subs.):
     I Of cloth: grathitakhaṇḍam (?); perh. yuktam (comp. Beng. yoḍā).
     II In gen.: khaṇḍa (mn.).

PATCHWORK: saṃgrathanam: v. To patch.

PATE: muṇḍam: v. Head.

PATEN, PATIN: pātram: v. Plate, vessel.

PATENT (adj.):
     I Plain, clear: q. v.: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Specially licensed: *mudritaḥ (tā taṃ), Ph.: letters p.: *sārvalaukikapatram.

PATENT (subs.): *mudrā; asāmānyādhikāraḥ.

PATENTEE: *mudrādhārin (f. ṇī); asāmānyādhikārin (f. ṇī).

PATERNAL:
     I Pertaining to or derived from a father:
     1 pitṛ- in comp.;
     2 paitṛkaḥ (kī kaṃ), p. debt: paitṛkamṛṇam, Da.;
     3 pitrya (f. tryā), p. share: pitryo'śaḥ, R. xi. 64.
     II Like a father: v. Fatherly.

PATERNALLY:
     1 pitṛvat;
     2 piteva.

PATERNITY:
     I Lit.: pitṛtvam.
     II Fig.: expr. with prasūtiḥ: v. Origin.

PATH: panthāḥ (pathin), I did not mark the p. in this thick wood: na mayā mahāvane panthā nirūpitaḥ, K.; wrong p.: apathaḥ, R. ix. 74.: v. Way; footpath.

PATHETIC:
     1 karūṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 kārūṇikaḥ (kī kaṃ) (rare).

PATHETICALLY:
     1 karūṇam, Ki.;
     2 karūṇārthagrathitam (poet.), R.

PATHLESS: niṣpathaḥ (thā thaṃ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Also inaccessible.

PATHOLOGY:
     1 nidānam;
     2 rogāṇāṃ vijñānam, Ni.

PATHOS: karaṇo rasaḥ, U. iii. 46.; karūṇā- or kārūṇyarasaḥ, N.

PATHWAY: saṃsaraṇam: v. Path.

PATIENCE:
     I In gen.:
     1 kṣamā;
     2 titikṣā;
     3 sahiṣṇutā.
     II Perseverance: abhiyogaḥ.

PATIENT (adj.):
     I In gen.:
     1 kṣamin (f. ṇī);
     2 titikṣu (mfn.);
     3 sahiṣṇu (mfn.);
     4 kṣamāyukta (f. ktā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Not hasty: dhīraḥ (rā raṃ).

PATIENT (subs.): rogin (f. ṇī), in-p.: antaḥstharogin; out-p.: *bahiḥstharogin (m.).

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PATIENTLY: dhairyeṇa: v. Also calmly.

PATOIS:
     1 grāmyabhāṣā (comp., Kav. vii. 3.);
     2 mlecchitam (in contempt), Mah.

PATRIARCH:
     1 kṛlapatiḥ, Sa.;
     2 prajāpatiḥ (?).

PATRIARCHAL: expr. by comp. or gen.

PATRICIAN:
     1 kulīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 abhijāta (f. ): v. Noble.

PATRIMONY: paitṛkamṛktham and sim. comp. s: v. Inheritance, property.

PATRIOT:
     1 svadeśānurāgin (f. ṇī);
     2 mātṛbhūmyabhimānin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

PATRIOTIC: expr. by circumlo., p. zeal: svadeśahitāgrahaḥ; p. sentiments: *svadeśaniṣṭhāni matāni.

PATRIOTICALLY:
     1 svadeśānurāgāt;
     2 svadeśahitecchayā; and sim. comp.s.

PATRIOTISM:
     1 svadeśānurāgitā;
     2 janmabhūmihitaiṣitā; and sim. comp.s.

PATROL (subs.):
     I The act: rātricaryā (?); niśāparikramaḥ (?).
     II The men:
     1 rakṣiṇaḥ (m. pl.);
     2 ārakṣakavargaḥ; and sim. comp.s. Ph.: town p.: nāgarikabalam, D. ii.

PATROL (v.): rātrau parikrāmati (kram, c. 1.) or paripaśyati (dṛś, c. 1 (?).

PATRON, PATRONESS: I. In law: svāmin (f. ).
     II Protector, supporter:
     1 āśrayaḥ (= refuge), p. of wits: āśrayo rasikānām, K.;
     2 sambhāvayitṛ (f. trī), p. of the learned: sambhāvayitā buddhān, D. viii.;
     3 anupālayitṛ (f. trī); etc.

PATRONAGE:
     1 sāhāyyam (= aid);
     2 ānukūlyam (= favour);
     3 sambhāvanā (?).

PATRONIZE:
     1 saṃvardhayati (c. of vṛdh = to advance);
     2 anukūlayati (nomi = favour);
     3 saṃbhāvayati (c. of bhū = to honour).

PATRONLESS:
     1 nirāśraya (f. );
     2 asahāya (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

PATRONYMIC:
     I In gram.: p. affixes: apatye or apatyārthe pratyayāḥ, S.k.
     II Surname: paitṛkanāman (n.); gotranāman (?).

PATTEN (subs.): kāṣṭhapādukā and sim. comp.s.

PATTER (v.): Intrans.: paṭapaṭāyate (nomi.).
     II Trans.: siñcati (sic, c. 6.).

PATTER (subs.):
     I Lit.: paṭapaṭāśabdaḥ.
     II A discourse: jalpitam.

PATTERN:
     I Lit.: ādarśaḥ.
     II Style of cloth etc.: perh. dharaṇam.
     III A full specimen, as of dress: pratikṛtiḥ.

PAUCITY:
     1 svalpatā;
     2 by adj.: v. Few.

PAUNCH (subs.): piciṇḍaḥ: v. Belly. Having a p.: piciṇḍila (f. ).

PAUNCH (v.):
     1 nistundīkaroti (?);
     2 nirantrīkaroti; etc.

PAUPER:
     1 akiñcanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Poor;
     2 bhikṣuḥ -kaḥ (f. = beggar);
     3 anātha (f. thā = without protector).

PAUPERISM:
     1 dāridryam ( poverty):
     2 bhikṣāvṛttiḥ (= begging);
     3 anāthatā (= without protection).

PAUSE (subs.):
     1 virāmaḥ (in every sense), low at p. s: virāme mṛdum, Mr. iii. 5.;
     2 yatiḥ (in poetry): v. Also cessation.

PAUSE (v.): viramati (ram, c. 1.): v. To cease, stop, p. upon: saṃcintayati (cint, c. 10.): v. To consider, think about.

PAVE (v.) prastaraiḥ (stones) or iṣṭakābhiḥ (bricks) khacayati (khac, c. 10.), p. d: upalakhacita (f. ), etc.; p. d resting places: iṣṭakākhacitaviśrāmāḥ, K.

PAVEMENT: iṣṭakākhacitabhūmiḥ and sim. comp.s.; kuṭṭimam, R. xi. 9.

PAVER, PAVIOR: expr. by verb.

PAVILION: maṇḍapa (mn.), "pratīhārīmaṇḍalādhiṣṭhitapurobhāgaṃ śrīmaṇḍapaṃ dadarśa", K.

PAW (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pādaḥ;
     2 nakhāni (= nails) may be often used.
     II Hand: q. v. hastaḥ.

PAW (v.):
     I Intrans: (khureṇa) bhūmim abhihanti (han, c. 2.).
     II Trans: pādena etc., parāmṛśati (mṛś, c. 6.): v. Also to handle.

PAWN (subs.):
     I Pledge, mortgage: q. v.: ādhiḥ.
     II Pan (II): q. v.
     III In chess: śāraḥ (riḥ).

PAWN (v.):
     1 ādadhāti (dhā, c. 3.);
     2 ādhīkaroti;
     3 bandhe dadāti (, c. 3.) and sim. comp.s.

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PAWNBROKER: ādhigrahītṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp.s.

PAY (v. t.):
     I To discharge a debt: q. v.: dadāti or datte (, c. 3.), to p. interest: vṛddhiṃ dadāti, Kat.; to p. a debt: ṛṇaṃ dadāti, M. II. To give p.: vetanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with dat.), Viv.
     III In gen.: bhūlyaṃ dadāti, if a master discharges a servant before time, he shall p. him fully: svāmī ced bhṛtakamapūrṇe kāle jahyāt tasya sakalameva mūlyaṃ dadyāt. Viv.; after being paid: mūlyamādāya, Mat.
     IV To revenge: śodhayati pariśodhayati (c. of śudh).
     V To perform: karoti.

PAY BACK: pratidadāti (, c. 3.): v. To pay, return.

PAY FOR: Ph.: I have paid f. it: asya bhūlyaṃ mayā dattam; you will p. your life f. it: *etannimittaṃ jīvanaṃ hārayasi or jīvanadānenāsya niṣkṛtiṃ gamiṣyasi.

PAY OFF: v. To pay.

PAY (subs.):
     1 vetanam, after taking p.: gṛhītavetanaḥ, Vri.; the p. settled: kṛtavetanam, Viv.;
     2 bhṛtiḥ (prop. maintenance), he is entitled to half the p.: bhṛterardhaṃ labheta saḥ, Vriddha Manu;
     3 mūlyam (prop. price), shall p. his whole p.: sarvameva mūlyaṃ dadyāt, Vishnu.

PAYABLE:
     1 deya (f. ), pra-, is p. to the master: tatsvāmine deyam, Mit.; is p. although the (whole) journey may not be over: agatasyāpi deyaṃ syāt, Viv.;
     2 pariśodhya (f. dhyā: of debts).

PAYEE (subs.): grahītṛ (f. trī), pari-, (= receiver).

PAYER:
     1 dātṛ (f. trī), pra-;
     2 often by verb.

PAYMENT:
     I The act:
     1 dānam;
     2 pariśodhaḥ -nam; (of debts).
     II Requital: q. v.: pariśodhaḥ.

PAY-OFFICE: *ṛṇaśodhakulam and sim. comp.s.

PEA:
     1 kalāyaḥ, He. (now gen. applied to Phaseolus radiatus);
     2 satinaḥ -kaḥ;
     3 satilaḥ ().

PEACE (intej.): śāntam: v. Silence, silent.

PEACE (subs.):
     1 śamaḥ, it is very difficult to make p. with such persons: tādṛśena śamaḥ paramaduṣkaraḥ, Mah. v. 74. 5.; let there be p. among you: śamo'stu bhavatām, Vi. v. 55.;
     2 śāntiḥ, as there may be p. among the Kurus: yathā yathaiva śāntiḥ syāt kurūṇām, Mah.; breach of p.: śāntibhaṅgaḥ; hold p.: śānto bhava: v. Silence;
     3 sandhiḥ ( league: q. v.).

PEACEABLE:
     I Disposed to peace: śāntaprakṛti (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.
     II Calm, quiet: q. v.: śānta (f. ntā), pra-.

PEACEABLY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Also quietly.

PEACEFUL:
     1 pra-śānta (f. ntā = quiet, still);
     2 nirūpadrava (f. = without any disturbance, as a p. country);
     3 nirvṛta (f. = content, as a p. life);
     4 madhura (f. = sweet, as p. words).

PEACEFULLY:
     1 praśāntam;
     2 nirūpadravam, etc.: for dif.: v. Above.

PEACEFULNESS:
     1 praśāntatā;
     2 nirūpadravatā;
     3 nirvṛtiḥ: v. Above.

PEACE-OFFERING: naivedyam (baliḥ gen. applied to animal-o,).

PEACH: no equiv.: *rāmaṭhaḥ (n. for the fruit).

PEACOCK:
     1 mayūraḥ;
     2 nīlakaṇṭhaḥ;
     3 śikhaṇḍin (m.);
     4 śikhin (m.). P.'s tail:
     1 barham;
     2 śikhaṇḍaḥ (rare);
     3 kalāpaḥ. Eye in p.'s tail:
     1 candrakaḥ;
     2 mecakaḥ. P.'s cry: kekā. A tuft of p.'s feathers: barhamāraḥ, Ki. xvi. 15.

PEAHEN:
     1 mayūrī;
     2 śikhaṇḍinī;
     3 kalāpinī (rare).

PEAK:
     I Of a mountain:
     1 śikharam;
     2 śṛṅgam;
     3 kūṭa (mn (rare), having three p. s: trikūṭaḥ: v. Also summit.
     II Of anything: agram: v. Tip.

PEAKED: tīkṣṇāgra (f. grā) (of things); śikharin (f ṇī) etc. (of mountains).

PEAL (subs.):
     1 dhvaniḥ;
     2 ninādaḥ: v. Sound, noise.

PEAL (v.): dhvanati (dhvan, c. 1.): v. To sound, ring.

PEAR: a fruit: no equiv.: *pīram -phalam.

PEARL: muktā -phalam, sources of p. s: mauktikayonayaḥ, Bha.; large p. s: muktā bṛhatpramāṇāḥ, V. m. 81. 21. P. necklace: muktāvalī, R.

PEARL-FISHERY: perh. śuktibandhaḥ -nam.

PEARL-OYSTER:
     1 śuktiḥ;
     2 mauktikaśuktiḥ.

PEARLY:
     I Lit.: muktāmayaḥ (yī yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.: pure, transparent: q. v.: muktāvadātaḥ (tā taṃ).

PEASANT:
     1 kṛṣakaḥ;
     2 kṛṣīvalaḥ;
     3 kṛṣijīvin (m.).

PEASANTRY:
     I Peasants: karṣakāḥ, etc.
     II Their works: kṛṣikarman (n.).

PEASCOD, PEA-SHELL: kalāyakañcukam and sim. comp.s.

PEBBLE:
     I Round stone: upalaḥ.
     II Crystal: p. spectacles: *sphāṭikamupanetram.

PEBBLED, PEBBLY:
     1 pracuropala (f. );
     2 upalabhūyiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā), etc.

PECCABLE: i. e. liable to sin.: expr. by circumlo.: v. Sin.

PECCADILLO: skhalitam: v. Also fault.

PECCANT:
     I Sinning, criminal: q. v.: pāpin (f. ).
     II Morbid, corrupt, as the humours: duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), Bha.

PECCAVI: aparāddho'smi; mayā kṛto'parādhaḥ; etc.

PECK (subs.):
     I Lit.: mānaviśeṣaḥ.
     II Fig.: śatāni (n. pl.) in comp.

PECK (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 cañcvā or cañcupuṭena likhati vi- abhi-, (likh, c. 6.: over the surface), N. ii. 2.; or daśati (daṃś, c. 1. = to bite), N. i. 125.;
     3 tuṇḍena khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10. = to tear), V. t.
     II To pick up by the beak: cañcupuṭena etc. gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.), etc.
     III To strike, pierce: q. v.

PECKER: pratudaḥ "pratudya makṣayantyete tuṇḍena pratudāstataḥ", Bha.

PECTORAL:
     I Adj.: by comp., p. region: vakṣodeśaḥ: v. Breast.
     II Subs: kāsaghnam (removing cough).

PECULATION: moṣaḥ (= stealth, theft: q. v.)

PECULIAR: viśeṣa- in comp.: v. Particular, singular.

PECULIARITY: viśeṣacihnam (= mark), -dharmaḥ (quality), -māvaḥ (= nature), etc.: v. Those words.

PECULIARLY: expr. by viśeṣa- in comp.s.

PECUNIARY: artha- in comp., p. mulct: arthadaṇḍaḥ: v. Money.

PEDAGOGUE:
     I Lit.: śiśuśikṣakaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II A pedant: q. v.: paṇḍitammanya (f. nyā).

PEDAL (adj.):
     1 pādika (f. );
     2 by comp.: v. Foot.

PEDANT:
     1 paṇḍitammanya (f. nyā);
     2 paṇḍitamānin (f. );
     3 vidyābhimānin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

PEDANTIC, -AL: pāṇḍityābhimānavyañjaka (f. ñjikā) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PEDANTICALLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

PEDANTRY:
     1 pāṇḍityābhimānaḥ;
     2 vidyāvalepaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

PEDDLER, PEDLAR: perh. pādakāraḥ (comp. vern. paiker).

PEDDLERY:
     I The wares: tucchabhāṇḍāni (n. pl. ?); kṣudrapaṇyāni (n. pl. ?).
     II The business: pādakāryam (?).

PEDESTAL: stambhādeḥ pādaḥ.

PEDESTRIAN:
     I Subs.:
     1 pādacārin (f. ṇī);
     2 padaga (f. );
     3 padāti (mfn.); etc.
     II Adj.: by comp.

PEDICLE, PEDICEL:
     1 vṛntam;
     2 prasavabandhanam (rare).

PEDIGREE:
     1 vaṃśāvaliḥ ();
     2 vaṃśānucaritam (account of).

PEDUNCLE: kāṇḍa (mn. = stalk).

PEEL (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 tvacayati (nomi.);
     2 tvacam, etc. apanayati (, c. 1.), etc.: v. To remove.
     II Fig.: viluṇṭhati (luṇṭh, c. 1.).

PEEL (v. i.): it p. s easily: anāyāsenāsya tvag viśleṣībhavati or skhalati.

PEEL (subs.): tvac (f.): v. Skin, rind.

PEEL (v.):
     I Lit.: jālarandhreṇa etc. paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.): v. To see.
     II Fig.: nirgacchati (gam, c. 1.): v. To come out.
     III To cry, chirp: cuṃkaroti.

PEEP (subs.):
     I Lit.: randhreṇa vīkṣaṇam.
     II Fig.: prārambhaḥ (= commencement).
     III Cry: cuṃkṛtam, N.

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PEEP-HOLE, PEEPING-HOLE: jālarandhram, and sim. comp.s.

PEER (v.):
     I To appear: q. v.: āvirbhavati.
     II To peep: q. v.

PEER (subs.):
     I An equal, match: q. v.
     II A comrade: vayasya (f. syā).
     III A nobleman: q. v.: *rājanyaḥ (?).

PEERAGE: rājanyakam (both of the rank and the body).

PEERLESS: apratima (f. ): v. Incomparable, unmatched.

PEEVISH:
     1 kopana (f. = irascible);
     2 kalahapriya (f. = quarrelsome):
     3 pratīpa (f. = cross).

PEEVISHLY:
     1 caṇḍam (= angrily);
     2 kārkaśyena (= roughly).

PEEVISHNESS:
     1 kopanatā;
     2 pratīpatā;
     3 kārkaśyam: v. Above.

PEG (subs.):
     I A pin:
     1 kīlaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 nāgadantakaḥ (ivory).
     II Of brandy: *brāṇḍijalam.

PEG (v.): kīlayati (nomi.): v. Also to fasten.

PEKOE: vāsitacāviśeṣaḥ.

PELF: perh. anyāyopārjitaṃ dhanam; anyāyārjitam.

PELLET: guṭikā: v. Ball.

PELL-MELL (adv.): perh. hūlasyūlam (com. Beng. and sim. comp.s. in Vāmana: v. Also confusion (in-).

PELLUCID: svaccha (f. cchā): v. Clear, transparent.

PELT (v. t.):
     1 hanti abhi- (= to strike), was p. ed to death: loṣṭaghātaṃ hatam, Mu. ii.; p. ed with shower: dhārābhihata (f. );
     2 kṣipati kṣip, c. 6.): To throw: q. v.

PELT (v. i.): with p. ing rain: caṇḍāmirdhārābhiḥ, Mu. v. 43.

PELVIS: ka(kṛ)ndaravibhāgaḥ (?), D. vi.;
     2 vastideśaḥ, Williams.

PEN (v):
     I To write: q. v.: likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     II To confine: q. v.: ni-rūṇaddhi ava-, (rūdh, c. 7.).

PEN (subs.):
     I For writing:
     1 lekhanī, if my p. does not cease to write for a moment: yadi me lekhanī kṣaṇaṃ likhato nāvatiṣṭheta, Mah.;
     2 kalamaḥ (reed-p.).
     II For cattle: cow-p.: gośālā gokulam, etc.

PENAL:
     I In gen.: by comp., p. servitude: *daṇḍadāsyam; p. settlement: *daṇḍitasanniveśaḥ.
     II Incurring punishment: daṇḍārha (f. rhā) and sim. comp.s.

PENALTY: daṇḍaḥ: v. Punishment, fine.

PENANCE:
     I Voluntary:
     1 tapas (n.), to perform p.s: tapastaptum or caritum;
     2 tapasyā.
     II Imposed: prāyaścittam, to do p.: prāyaśvittaṃ karoti.

PENCIL (subs.):
     1 tūlikā (painter's);
     2 vartikā (= 1);
     3 kūrcikā (?).

PENCIL (v.): tūlikayā etc. likhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To draw, write, mark.

PENDANT:
     I For the ear: karṇenduḥ: v. Earring.
     II In gen. perh. prālambaḥ, R. vi. 14.
     III A flag.: ketuḥ.

PENDANT:
     1 lola (f. = tossing);
     2 pralamba (f. mbā = hanging).

PENDING:
     I Adj.: the case is p.: anirṇīto'yaṃ vyavahāraḥ.
     II Prep. p. the trial: yāvanna nirṇīyate vyavahāraḥ.

PENDULOUS:
     1 lola (f. = tossing);
     2 dolāyamāna (f. = swinging);
     3 pralamba (f. mbā = hanging).

PENDULUM: *loladaṇḍaḥ.

PENETRABILITY:
     1 praveśyatā;
     2 bhedyatā;
     3 grahaṇīyatā: for dif.: v. Below.

PENETRABLE:
     1 praveśya (f. śyā);
     2 bhedya (f. dyā);
     3 grahaṇīya (f. ): etc.: v. To penetrate.

PENETRATE:
     1 praviśati (= to enter: q. v.), instructions easily p. a clear heart: apagatamale manasi viśanti sukhamupadeśaguṇāḥ, K.; to p. into the poem of Bhāravi: kartuṃ praveśamiha bhāravikāvyabandhe, M. n. 7.;
     2 bhinatti nir-, (bhid, c. 7. = to pierce: q. v.);
     3 gṛhvāti (grah, c. 9. = to comprehend: q. v.).

PENETRATING (adj.): Fig.: of a p. mind: sūkṣmabuddhi (mfn.): v. Shrewd, acute.

PENETRATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 praveśaḥ (= entry);
     2 bhedaḥ (= piercing);
     3 grahaṇam (= comprehension).
     II Fig.: sūkṣmabuddhiḥ: v. Also sagacity.

PENINSULA: upadvīpaḥ (?).

PENINSULAR: Expr. by comp. or circumlo., p. war: *upadvīpena saṃgrāmaḥ.

PENITENCE: anutāpaḥ: v. Repentance.

PENITENT: jātānutāpa (f. ) and sim. comp.s. v. Repentant.

PENITENTIAL: anutāpaja (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PENITENTIARY: *daṇḍitāgāram; kārāgāram (= jail).

PENITENTLY:
     1 sānutāpam;
     2 by adj. anutapta (f. ptā); etc.

PENKNIFE: *kalamakartanī; lekhanīchurikā.

PENMAN:
     1 lekhakaḥ: v. Writer;
     2 lipikaraḥ.

PENMANSHIP: lipiḥ, knowing p.: lipijñaḥ; good p.: sulipiḥ.

PENNANT, PENNON: ketuḥ: v. Banner, flag.

PENNILESS: akiñcanaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Destitute, poor.

PENNY: tāmramudrāviśeṣaḥ. P. weight: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

PENSILE: lamba (f. mbā), pra-: v. Hanging.

PENSION:
     I Subs.: *apasaravṛttiḥ.
     II Verb: *apasaravṛttiṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), etc.

PENSIONER: *apasaravṛttibhogin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PENSIVE: cintāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp. s: v. Thoughtful, meditative.

PENSIVELY: expr. by adj. or pres. part.: v. To think.

PENSIVENESS:
     1 cintāveśaḥ;
     2 dhyānaparatā and sim. comp.s.

PENT-UP: saṃ-ruddha (f. ddhā), ava- ni-: v. To confine.

PENTAGON:
     1 pañcabhujaḥ;
     2 pañcāsraṃ kṣetram, etc.

PENTAGONAL:
     1 pañcabhuja; (f. );
     2 pañcakoṇa (f. ṇā); etc.

PENTAMETER: pañcapadī (vṛttiḥ) (?).

PENTASTICH: pañcaślokī "pañcaślokībhāgavatam."

PENTHOUSE: bahirgṛham and sim. comp.s.

PENULT, PENULTIMA:
     1 upadhā;
     2 upāntyam.

PENULTIMATE:
     I Adj.: upāntya (f. ntyā).
     II Subs.: upāntyam, J. Ph.: p. letter: upadhā, S. k.

PENUMBRA:
     1 khaṇḍacchāyā (?);
     2 vyastacchāyā (?).

PENURIOUS: kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Miserly, illiberal, mean.

PENURIOUSNESS:
     1 kārpaṇyam;
     2 baddhamuṣṭitā (= close-fistedness).

PENURY: dāridryam: v. Indigence, poverty.

PEON: padātiḥ -kaḥ (?).

PEOPLE (subs.):
     I A community:
     1 prakṛtayaḥ (f. pl.), for the good of the p.: prakṛtihitāya, Sa. vii. 6.;
     2 prajāḥ (f. pl.), to your p.: tava prajāsu, Sa.; that my p.: yanmadīyāḥ prajāḥ, R. i. 63.
     II Persons generally:
     1 lokaḥ (often in pl.), is not known among p.: loke'prasiddha (f. ddhā), Kav. vii.; all the fādava p.: akhila eva yadulokaḥ, V. p. iv. 13. 19.;
     2 janaḥ (= person: q. v.), all the p.: sarve janāḥ, P.: v. Also inhabitant. Ph.: common p.:
     1 prākṛtāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 pṛthagjanāḥ (m. pl.);
     3 itaro janaḥ, Mah.
     III Servants, retainers, etc.: lokāḥ (m. pl.).

PEOPLE (v.): expr. with subs. P. d: v. Populated.

PEPPER:
     I The black p.:
     1 mari(rī)cam, p. box: marīcamāṇḍam (?);
     2 kolam -kam, A.
     II The long p.: pippalī(liḥ).

PEPPERMINT: *pippalamanthaḥ.

PEPPERWORT: tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ.

PEPPERY:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā).

PERADVENTURE: expr. with kadācit and vidhiliṅ: v. Perhaps. Ph.: without p.: asaṃśayam: v. Undoubtedly.

PERAMBULATE: paribhrāmyati (bhram, c. 4.): v. To traverse, travel.

PERCEIVABLE: v. Perceptible.

PERCEIVE (v.):
     I To cognize:
     1 upalabhate (labh, c. 1.), to p. by the senses: indriyairupalabhate, S. c.;
     2 gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (= to receive), p. d before by the senses of hearing and touch: darśanasparśanābhyāṃ pūrvagṛhītam, S. c.;
     3 nibhālayati (bhāl, c. 10 (rare), S. c.
     II To discern, understand:
     1 upalabhate, no distinction was p. d even of great (things): vivekaḥ kasyacinna mahato'pyupalebhe, Ki. ix. 12.;
     2 budhyate (budh, c. 4.), gradually p. d that he was Nārada: kramādamuṃ nārada ityabodhisaḥ, Si. i. 3.: v. To understand, know:
     2 lakṣayati saṃ- pari-, (lakṣ, c. 10 (= to notice: q. v.).

PERCENTAGE: expr. by śatikaḥ (kī kaṃ) or by śatam: v. Cent.

PERCEPTIBLE:
     1 upalabhya (f. bhyā), from its being p. to the tongue: jihvayopalabhyamānatvāt, S. c.;
     2 grāhya (f. hyā) or grahaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 saṃvedya (f. dyā) etc. (= knowable).

PERCEPTIBLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PERCEPTION: upalabdhiḥ, and from the non-p. of others: itareṣāñcānupalabdheḥ, S.: v. Also knowledge, understanding.

PERCEPTIVE: perh. grāhaka (f. hikā) or grāhin (f. ṇī).

PERCH (subs.):
     I For birds:
     1 vāsayaṣṭiḥ, Me. ii. 18.;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ, R. xvi. 14.
     II For measuring land: expr. by nalvaḥ (= 400 cubits).
     III A fish: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

PERCH (v.): adhyāste (ās, c 2.: with acc.): v. Sit, roost.

PERCHANCE: daivāt: v. Perhaps, accidentally.

PERCOLATE: pari-sravati (sru, c. 1.): v. To flow, ooze.

PERCOLATION: lavaśaḥ parisravaḥ: v. Flow.

PERCUSSION:
     1 samādhātaḥ;
     2 saṃghaṭṭaḥ: v. Collision.

PERDITION: ucchedaḥ: v. Also ruin, destruction.

PEREGRINATE: paribhramati or bhrāmyati (bhram, c. 1. and 4.): v. To travel.

PEREGRINATION: paribhramaṇam: v. Travel.

PEREMPTORILY:
     1 aṭalam;
     2 spaṣṭam;
     3 suniścitam: v. Below.

PEREMPTORY:
     1 aṭala (f. = unchangeable);
     2 spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = clear);
     3 suniścita (f. = decisive).

PERENNIAL: nitya (f. tyā): v. Perpetual. Ph.: having p. water: sadānīrā (a name of the Karatoyā).

PERENNIALLY:
     1 nityam: v. Perpetually, continually;
     2 by adj.

PERFECT (v.): saṃpūrayati (pūr, c. 10.): v. To finish, complete.

PERFECT (adj.):
     1 sampūrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Full, complete;
     2 samagra (f. grā): v. Entire;
     3 utkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Excellent. Ph.: no one is p.: nāstyadoṣaḥ ko'pi; p. tense expr. by niṣpannakriyā.

PERFECTION, PERFECTNESS: I. Completeness: q. v.: sampūrṇatā.
     II Great skill: q. v.: paraṃ kauśalam.
     III Excellence: q. v.: utkarvaḥ.
     IV An endowment: guṇaḥ. V. Acme.: q. v.: parā koṭiḥ. Ph.: to p.: parameṇa kauśalena: v. Also perfectly.

PERFECTLY:
     1 sampūrṇam: v. Completely;
     2 samagram v. Entirely;
     3 by adj. or comp.

PERFIDIOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 asatyasandha (f. ndhā);
     2 viśvāsadhātin (f. ): v. Treacherous;
     3 śaṭha (f. ṭhā): v. Wicked.
     II Of acts: anārya (f. ryā): v. Dishonest.

PERFIDIOUSLY: viśvāsamunmathyaḥ v. Treacherously.

PERFIDIOUSNESS, PERFIDY: viśvāsaghātaḥ: v. Treachery.

PERFORATE: vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To bore, pierce. P. d;
     1 chidrita (f. );
     2 chidrapūrṇa (f. rṇā = full of holes).

PERFORATION:
     I Boring: q. v.: vedhaḥ.
     II A hole: q. v.: chidram.

PERFORCE: balāt: v. Forcibly.

PERFORM:
     I To do: q. v.: karoti.
     II To accomplish: q. v.: sādhayati (c. of sigh).
     III To fulfil: q. v.: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).
     IV To keep: q. v.: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).

PERFORMANCE:
     I The act:
     1 sādhanam;
     2 sampādanam;
     3 niṣpattiḥ.
     II Deed, act: q. v.: karman (n.).
     III An exhibition: abhinayaḥ.

PERFORMER: abhinetṛ (f. trī): v. Actor. In lit. sense: kartṛ (f. trī = doer) or sādhaka (f. dhikā = achiever).

PERFUME (v.):
     1 vāsayati anu- adhi-, (vās, c. 10.), p. d, with scent: āmodavāsita-, Ki. ix. 77.;
     2 surabhīkaroti, p. ing the lotus filaments: surabhitamakarandam, Si. xi. 19.;
     3 sugandhayati (nomi.) Ri. v. 5.;
     4 āmodayati (c. of mud).

PERFUME (subs.):
     I Scent, fragrance: q. v.: parimalaḥ.
     II Anything scented.
     1 gandhadravyam, Bha. and sim. comp.s.;
     2 gandhaḥ, who live by selling p. s: gandhopajīvinaḥ, Ram. ii. 90. 13.

PERFUMER:
     1 gāndhikaḥ;
     2 gandhavaṇij (m.); etc.

PERFUMERY: gandhāḥ (m. pl.): v. Perfume (II).

PERFUNCTORILY: anavahitam: v. Negligently, inattentively.

PERFUNCTORY:
     1 anavahita (f. ): v. Careless, negligent.

PERHAPS:
     1 prāyeṇa (= probably);
     2 by vidhiliṅ (= may, gram. Par. 353);
     3 daivāt (= by chance).

PERIGEE, PERIGEUM: *upagavam; candrasya krāntimaṇḍalasya pṛthivyā nediṣṭhapadam.

PERIL (subs.): bhayam: v. Danger.

PERIL (v.): saṃśaye kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. Endanger.

PERILOUS: bhayāvaha (f. ): v. Dangerous.

PERILOUSLY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Dangerously.

PERIOD:
     I Time: q. v.: samayaḥ. Ph.: for a p. of three months: māsatrayam.
     II End: q. v.: antaḥ.
     III A full stop: daṇḍaḥ (the corresponding line).
     IV A sentence: vākyoccayaḥ, Sah.

PERIODIC,-AL (adj.):
     1 sāmayika (f. );
     2 nitya (f. tyā = regular); vārṣika (f. = annual)

PERIODICAL (Subs.): *sāmayikapatrikā.

PERIODICALLY:
     1 samaye samaye;
     2 nityam (= regularly).

PERIODICITY:
     1 nityatā (= regularity);
     2 by circumlo.

PERIPATETIC: pādacārin (f. ṇī: may be used lit. and fig.).

PERIPHERY:
     1 paridhiḥ;
     2 pariveśaḥ(ṣaḥ);
     3 pradhiḥ (of a wheel).

PERIPHRASTIC: adhikapadaḥ (dā daṃ).

PERISH:
     1 naśyati vi- pra- (naś, c. 4.);
     2 nāśam eti (i, c. 2.), gacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc.: v. Destroyed, be.

PERISHABLE:
     1 naśvara (f. ), vi-;
     2 bhaṅgura (f. : prop. breaking).

PERISHABLENESS:
     1 naśvaratā vi-;
     2 bhaṅguratā, the sudden p. of all pleasures: akāṇḍabhaṅguratā sarvasukhānām, K.

PERISTALTIC: *sarpasannibha (f. bhā) and sim. comp s.

PERISTYLE: *paritaḥstambham (comp. sarvatobhadram).

PERIWIG: *parikeśam: v. Also wig.

PERIWINKLE: śambūkaviśeṣaḥ latāviśeṣaśca.

PERJURE: A p. d witness i. e. who p. s himself: sākṣye'nṛtaṃ vadan sākṣī sākṣī sākṣyaṃ mṛṣā bruvan, etc. Mit.: v. Falsely, to say. Ph.: p. d oath: mithyāśapathaḥ.

PERJURER:
     1 kūṭasākṣin (f. ṇī), Mit.;
     2 by circumlo.

PERJURY:
     1 kūṭasākṣyam;
     2 mithyāsākṣyam;
     3 by circumlo.

PERMANENCE, PERMANENCY:
     1 sthāyitā;
     2 sthāsnutā (rare).

PERMANENT: sthāyin (f. ): v. Lasting.

PERMANENTLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PERMEABLE: expr. by verb.

PERMEATE:
     1 antargacchati (gam c. 1. to go through);
     2 vyāpnoti (āp, c. 5. = to pervade): v. Also to penetrate.

PERMISSIBLE:
     1 grāhya (f. hyā = acceptable);
     2 yukta (= proper).

PERMISSION:
     1 ādeśaḥ;
     2 anujñā: v. Order (IV).

PERMISSIVE:
     1 ādeśin (f. );
     2 anujñādāyin (f. ), etc.

PERMIT:
     1 ādiśati (diś, c. 6.).;
     2 anujānāti (jñā, c. 9.): v. To order (II), direct (II)

PERMUTATION: In algebra: aṅkapāśaḥ, Li.

PERNICIOUS: vināśin (f. ): v. Injurious, destructive.

PERNICIOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PERORATION: upasaṃhāraḥ (= conclusion).

PERPENDICULAR (subs.):
     1 labhbaḥ, those lines are p. to each other: te rekhe mitho lambarūpe bhavataḥ, K. d.;
     2 avalambaḥ -kaḥ, Li. 139.

PERPENDICULAR (adj.):
     I In geo.: v. Above.
     II = straight: q. v.

PERPENDICULARLY:
     1 lambarūpeṇa;
     2 lambavat.

PERPETRATE: karotiḥ v. To do, commit (II).

PERPETRATION: expr. by verb, in the p. of murder: vadhaṃ kurvan; his p. of incest: agamyāgamanaṃ tasya; etc.

PERPETRATOR: -kārin (f. ṇī) or -kṛt (mfn.) in comp.: v. Doer.

PERPETUAL:
     1 nitya (f. tyā), and considering that nothing was p.: bhāvayitvā cānityatāṃ sarvabhāvānām, K.;
     2 śāśvata (f. ): v. Eternal;
     3 satata (f. ): v. Continuous, incessant.

PERPETUALLY:
     1 nityam;
     2 satatam: v. Continually, incessantly;
     3 sadā (= always: q. v.), p. moving: sadāgatiḥ (air).

PERPETUATE: akṣayaṃ (f. yāṃ) or sadātanaṃ (f. nāṃ) karoti.

PERPETUITY:
     1 nityatā;
     2 nityasthāyitā;
     3 avicchinnatā (= continuity);
     4 cirasthāyitā; etc. Ph.: to p.: śāśvatīḥ samāḥ, Mah. iii. 286. 19.

PERPLEX: ākulayati (nomi.): v. To embarrass.

PERPLEXED:
     I Intricate: q. v.: viṣama (f. ).
     II Embarrassed: (I) vyākulaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 sambhrānta (f. ntā);
     3 udvigna (f. gnā = alarmed): Ph.: p. what to do: kiṃkartavyatābhūḍhaḥ, K.

PERPLEXING (adj.):
     1 viṣama (f. = intricate);
     2 sandigdha (f. gdhā = doubtful);
     3 vyāmohaka (f. hikā: rare);
     4 bhrāntijanana (f. ).

PERPLEXITY:
     I The state:
     1 cittasaṃbhramaḥ cittavyāmohaḥ, and sim. comp.s.;
     2 by adj.
     II Doubt: q. v.: saṃśayaḥ.

PERQUISITE: puraskāraḥ: v. Present, reward.

PERRY: *pīrāsavam and sim. comps.

PERSECUTE. bādhate pra- pari-, (bādh, c. 1.): v. To harass, trouble.

PERSECUTION:
     1 bādhaḥ -nam pra- pari-;
     2 abhidrohaḥ;
     3 upadravaḥ;
     4 upaplavaḥ.

PERSECUTOR:
     1 bādhaka (f. dhikā), pra-;
     2 upadravakārin (f. ṇī); etc.

PERSEVERANCE:
     1 abhiyogaḥ;
     2 abhiniveśaḥ;
     3 adhyavasāyaḥ.

PERSEVERE:
     1 mano'bhiyuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.) or abhiniveśayati (c. of viś),
     2 by subs. or adj.: q. v.

PERSEVERING (adj.):
     1 abhiyogabhāj (mfn.) K. iii. 40.;
     2 abhiniveśavat (f. ), M. n.;
     3 abhiyukta (f. ktā), fate cannot be changed even by perseverance: na hi śakyaṃ daivamanyathākartumabhiyuktenāpi, K.;
     4 abhiniviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     5 adhyavasāyin (f. ); etc.

PERSEVERINGLY:
     1 abhiyogena;
     2 by adj.: abhiyukta (f. ktā), etc.

PERSIAN (subs.):
     I Inhabitant: pārasīkaḥ, R. iv. 60.
     II The language: pārasīvāc, Raj.; and sim. comp.s.

PERSIFLAGE: parihāsaḥ (= joke: ?).

PERSIST: expr. by subs., if you p. about it: teṣu ced grāhaste, Vi. v. 51.

PERSISTENCE, PERSISTENCY:
     1 nirbandhaḥ;
     2 ā-grahaḥ;
     3 grāhaḥ.

PERSISTENT:
     1 nirbandhapara (f. ) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 by adv.

PERSISTENTLY: nirbandhena;
     2 sanirbandham;
     3 sāgraham.

PERSON:
     I A human being:
     1 puruṣaḥ (not of woman), like an ordinary p.: puruṣaḥ prākṛto yathā, Mah. iv. 46. 13.;
     2 janaḥ, this p. (i. e. I Pārvatī): jano'yam, K. v. 64.: v. People, man. Ph.: in p.: svayam: v. Self.; to one's p. (= face): samakṣe.
     II Body: q. v.: śarīram, beauty of p.: śarīraśobhā, N. III. Form, character: q. v.: rūpam, in the p. of Brihannalā: vṛhannalārūpamupetya, Mah. iv. 67. 15.
     IV In gram.: purūṣaḥ, the first p.: uttamapuruṣaḥ; the second p.: madhyamapuruṣaḥ; the third p.: prathamapuruṣaḥ.

PERSONAGE:
     I Character: q. v.: rūpam.
     II Person: q. v.: puruṣaḥ, great p.: mahāpuruṣaḥ, U. vi. 7.

PERSONAL:
     I Individual: vyaktigata (f. ).
     II Bodily: q. v.: śarīra- in comp., p. charms: śarīraśobhā, N. III. Belonging to persons: expr. by comp. or gen.
     IV Done in person: svayaṃkṛta (f. ). V. Own: q. v.: for p. attendance: ātmadarśanārtham.
     VI Concerning individual character: I donot like your p. observations: amukaṃ lakṣīkṛtya yaduktaṃ tanme na rocate. Ph.: p. pronous: puruṣavācakāni sarvanāmāni (n. pl.); p. property: asthāvarasampattiḥ.

PERSONALITY:
     I Individuality:
     1 puruṣatā (?);
     2 pṛthagātmatā.
     II Personal reflections:
     1 by circumlo.: v. Personal (IV);
     2 ākṣepaḥ (= abuse).

PERSONALLY:
     I In person: svayam, p. delivered: svayaṃdatta (f. ttā); p. came to him: svayaṃ tamabhīyāya, Ki. ii. 54.
     II Individually: gen. not expr.: biśeṣataḥ (= particularly).

PERSONALTY:
     1 asthāvarasampattiḥ;
     2 asthāvaram;
     3 jaṅgamaṃ dravyam (rare), Vri.; and sim. comp.s.

PERSONATE: rūpaṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9. with gen.), p. ing a sage: munirūpaḥ, Ki. xi. 2.; p. ing a Kirāta: kirātarūpadhārin, M. n.; p. ing me: mama rūpaṃ samāsthāya, Ram. i. 49. 26.; p. ing the sage: muniveśadharaḥ, 17.

PERSONATED: i. e. feigned, false: q. v.: kapaṭa- in comp.

PERSONATION: rūpagrahaṇam or -dhāraṇam; better by verb.

PERSONIFICATION:
     I In Rhe.: samāsoktiḥ, Kav. x. ii. 56.
     II Fig.: p. of justice: sākṣāddharmaḥ; p. of death: kṛtānta iva.

PERSONIFY: cetanatvaṃ or cetanadharmam āropayati (c. of ruh).

PERSPECTIVE: yathādṛśyacitrālekhaḥ (??).

PERSPICACIOUS: tīkṣṇadṛṣṭi (mfn.): v. Also keen, sharp.

PERSPICACIOUSLY:
     1 tīkṣṇadṛṣṭyā;
     2 tīkṣṇabuddhyā; etc.

PERSPICACITY:
     1 tīkṣṇadṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 tīkṣṇabuddhiḥ (fig.).

PERSPICUITY:
     1 prasādaḥ, Kav. viii. 6.;
     2 vaiśadyam, N. xiv. 6.

PERSPICUOUS:
     1 prasanna (f. nnā), language at once p. and deep: prasannagambhīrapadā sarasvatī, Ki. xiv. 3.;
     2 viśadaḥ (dā daṃ);
     3 nirmalaḥ (lā laṃ) (= clear: q. v.).

PERSPICUOUSLY:
     1 saprasādam;
     2 viśadam;
     3 nirmalam.

PERSPIRATION:
     I The act:
     1 svedaḥ -nam pra-;
     2 svedasrāvaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Sweat:
     1 svedaḥ, although drenched with p.: svedasalilasnātāpi, K.;
     2 gharmaḥ;
     3 gharmāmbu;
     4 svedajalam; etc.

PERSPIRE: svidyati pra-, (svid, c. 4.), p. ing: svidyat (f. ntī); p. ing violently: bhṛśasvid (mfn.).

PERSUADE:
     I To induce:
     1 anunīya pravartayati (c. of vṛt: ?);
     2 sometimes by causal.
     II To convince: q. v.

PERSUASION:
     I Lit.:
     1 abhyarthanā (= begging);
     2 anunayaḥ (= inducement);
     3 pravartanā (?).
     II Faith: q. v.: viśvāsaḥ.

PERSUASIVE:
     1 hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī);
     2 by circumlo.

PERSUASIVELY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PERSUASIVENESS: hṛdayagrāhitāḥ v. Persuasion.

PERT: dhṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Bold, impudent.

PERTAIN: nothing p. s to me which does not p. to you: abhavadīyaṃ hi naiva kiñcinmatsambaddham, D. i.: v. Belonging, relate.

PERTINACIOUS:
     1 expr. by subs., if you are p.: grāhaste, Vi.;
     2 nirbaddha (f. ddhā) (rare): v. Obstinate, persistent.

PERTINACIOUSLY:
     1 sanirbandham;
     2 nirbandha- in comp.;
     3 graheṇa.

PERTINACIOUSNESS, PERTINACITY:
     1 nirbandhaḥ;
     2 grāhaḥ or grahaḥ, Vi.

PERTINENCY:
     1 prāsaṅgikatā;
     2 yogyatā: v. Fitness.

PERTINENT:
     1 prāsaṅgika (f. );
     2 yogya (f. gyā): v. Fit;
     3 upapanna (f. nnā): v. Apposite. To be p.: upapadyate (pad, c. 4.).

PERTINENTLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PERTLY:
     1 dhārṣṭyena;
     2 avinayena: v. Also impudently.

PERTNESS:
     1 dhārṣṭyam;
     2 avinayaḥ: v. Also impudence.

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PERTURB: kṣomayati c. of kṣubh): v. To disturb, disquiet.

PERTURBATION: p. of mind: cittasambhramaḥ or manaḥkṣobhaḥ.

PERUSAL: pāṭhaḥ pra-: v. Reading.

PERUSE: paṭhati pra-, (paṭh, c. 1.): v. To read.

PERVADE:
     1 vyāpnoti abhi-, (āp, c. 5.), all. p. ing (God): sarvavyāpin (f. ), S.; (my) limbs which p. the remotest corners: vyāptadigantāni me'ṅgāni, Ku. vi. 59.;
     2 aśnute vi-, (, c. 5.), as if p. ing the world with his dignity: aśnu vānamiva viśvamojasā, Ki. xii. 21.

PERVERSE:
     1 pratīpa (f. );
     2 kuṭila (f. = crooked: q. v.).

PERVERSELY:
     1 pratīpatayā;
     2 vāmatayā;
     3 kauṭilyena.

PERVERSENESS, PERVERSITY:
     1 pratīpatā;
     2 vāmatā;
     3 kauṭilyam.

PERVERSION:
     1 pātaḥ or patanam (= fall);
     2 pāṣaṇḍapathāvatāraḥ (in religion);
     3 viparyayaḥ (as of taste); etc.: v. Also to pervert.

PERVERT (v.):
     1 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To corrupt;
     2 kaluṣayati (nomi. = to befoul), p. ed senses: kaluṣitānīndriyāṇi, K.; the intellect becomes p. ed: kāluṣyamupayāti buddhiḥ, K.;
     3 with subs, your intellect being p. ed: etya mativiparyayam, Ki. ii. 6.

PERVIOUS: praveśya (f. śyā): v. Passable, penetrable.

PEST:
     I Pestilence: mārī.
     II Fig.: p. of the world: trailokyakaṇṭakaḥ; p. of society: lokadūṣakaḥ; great p.: khalaśalyam, Ku. xvii. 55.

PESTER: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.): v. To harass, annoy.

PESTHOUSE: *mārīśaraṇam; marakaśālā.

PESTIFEROUS: mārījanana (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Pestilential.

PESTILENCE:
     1 māriḥ (), great p.: mahāmārī;
     2 marakaḥ, all calamities such as p. and famine ceased on his arrival there: tatrāgata eva marakadurbhikṣādyupadravaḥ śaśāma, V. p. iv. 13. 18.

PESTILENTIAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 marakāvaha (f. );
     2 mārijanana (f. ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Noxious:
     1 aniṣṭakara (f. );
     2 vināśaka (f. śikā destructive).

PESTLE: musa(ṣa)la (mn.), with a p. of catechu wood: khādireṇa musalena, D.

PET (subs.):
     I A favourite: q. v.: vallabhaḥ.
     II A fit of peevishness: viraktiḥ, 'in a p.': virakta (f. ktā).

PET (v.): lālayati (lala, c. 10.): v. To fondle.

PETAL: dalam, with hundred p. s (the lotus): śatadalam.

PETITION (subs.):
     I In gen.: prārthanā.
     II Written: prārthanā -patram; nivedana- or āvedanapatram.

PETITION (v.):
     1 prārthayate (arth, c. 10.): v. To ask (II);
     2 āvedanapatreṇa yācate (yāc, c. 1.) and sim. comp.s.

PETITIONER: arthin (f. ), pra- abhi- (in every sense).

PETRIFACTION: expr. by verb: v. To petrify.

PETRIFY:
     I In gen.:
     1 pāṣāṇīkaroti;
     2 prastarīkaroti;
     3 aśmīkaroti: v. Stone. To be p. ed (lit. and fig.):
     1 pāṣāṇībhavati;
     2 aśmībhavati; etc.
     II To stupefy: jaḍīkaroti.

PETROLEUM: śilātailam, Williams.

PETTICOAT: śāṭī (?), p. government: strīśāsanam (?).

PETTIFOGGER, PETTIFOGGING (adj.): kṣudravṛtti (mfn.) (?).

PETTINESS: kṣudratā: v. Smallness.

PETTISH: karkaśa (f. śā): v. Peevish.

PETTISHNESS: kārkaśyam: v. Peevishness.

PETTY: kṣudra (f. drā), p. princes: kṣudrarājānaḥ: v. Small.

PETULANCE:
     I Forwardness: dhārṣṭyam.
     II Peevishness: q. v.

PETULANT:
     I Forward, wanton: dhṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Peevish: q. v.

PEW: mañcaḥ -kaḥ (?).

PEWIT: a bird: koyaṣṭiḥ "koyaṣṭikaṣṭīkate", Mal.

PEWTER: miśradhātubhedaḥ; *rāṅgasīsam.

PHALANX:
     I Lit.: bhogavyūhaḥ.
     II In gen.: vyūhaḥ.

PHANTASM: v. Phantom.

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PHANTASTIC: v. Fantastic.

PHANTASY: v. Fancy, imagination.

PHANTOM:
     I Ghost, shade: q. v.: bhūta (mn.).
     II Fancied vision: is this a p. or my delusion: māyā svideṣā mativibhramo vā, Ki. xvi. 18.

PHARISAIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or gen.

PHARISAISM:
     I Lit.: *pārasavaṃ matam.
     II Fig.: bāhyikī dhārmikatā (?); vakramatam (?).

PHARISEE:
     I Lit.: *pārasavaḥ
     II Fig.: dāmbhikaḥ: v. Hypocrite.

PHARMACOPEIA : bhaiṣajyatattvam; bhaiṣajyamuktāvalī; and sim. comp.s.

PHARMACY: Perh. bhaiṣajyam; auṣadhakaraṇam (?).

PHARMOS: *ālokaśaraṇam and sim. comp.s.

PHASE: p. s of the moon: candrasya hāsavṛddhī (?); p. s of an eclipse: grahaṇasya pragrahasthitimokṣāḥ (?).

PHEASANT: jīvañjīvaḥ (?); vījanaḥ (?).

PHENOMENON:
     1 gen. by viṣayaḥ (subject) or vastu (n. =thing);
     2 utpātaḥ (extraordinary p., portent).

PHIAL: kācakūpikā (??).

PHILANTHROPIC:
     1 lokahitaiṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 sadaya (f. = kind: q. v.).

PHILANTHROPICALLY:
     1 lokahitecchayā;
     2 sadayam (= kindly).

PHILANTHROPIST: v. Philanthropic.

PHILANTHROPY:
     1 lokahitaiṣitā or -hitecchā;
     2 dayā (= kindness).

PHILIPPIC: ākṣepavaktṛtā and sim. comp. s (?).

PHILISTINE:
     I Lit.: *prāsthalaḥ.
     II Fig.: nāgaraḥ.

PHILOLOGER, PHILOLOGIST: bhāṣātattvavid (mfn.), -viśārada (f. dā -jña), (f. jñā), and sim. comp.s.

PHILOLOGICAL: expr. by comp.: v. Philology.

PHILOLOGICALLY: bhāṣātattvānusāreṇa and sim. comp.s.

PHILOLOGY: bhāṣātattvam bhāṣāvijñānam and sim. comp.s.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS: apatyasnehaḥ and sim. comp.s.

PHILOSOPHER:
     1 dārśanika (f. );
     2 vijña (f. jñā = learned, wise: q. v.). P.'s stone:
     1 cintāmaṇiḥ;
     2 sparśamaṇiḥ.

PHILOSPHIC, -AL:
     I Lit.:
     1 dārśanika (f. ).
     II Rational, wise: q. v.: vijña (f. jñā).

PHILOSOPHICALLY:
     I Lit.: darśanānusāreṇa.
     II Calmly, wisely: q. v.

PHILOSOPHISE:
     1 perh. anvīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.);
     2 by circumlo.

PHILOSOPHY:
     I Lit.: darśanam -śāstram, learned in the six schools of p.: ṣaḍdarśanavettā; epitome of all the schools of p.: sarvadarśanasaṃgrahaḥ, D. s.
     II Principles, theory: vijñānam.

PHILTER: vaśīkaraṇacūrṇam (= powder), K.; -pānam (= drink).

PHLEBOTOMY: śirāvedhaḥ -nam and sim. comp.s.

PHLEGM:
     I Lit.:
     1 kaphaḥ, p. -destroying: kaphaghna (f. ghnī), Sr.;
     2 śleṣman (m.), increase of p.: śleṣmaṇo vṛddhiḥ, Sr.
     II Coldness, indifference: q. v.: jāḍyam.

PHLEGMATIC:
     I Lit.:
     1 kaphin (f. );
     2 śleṣmaṇa or -la (f. ṇā or );
     3 kaphelū (n. lu).
     II Cold, indifferent: q. v.: jaḍaḥ (ḍā ḍaṃ).

PHLEGMATICALLY: v. Indifferently, coolly.

PHLOGISTIC: santāpaka (f. pikā): v. Inflammatory.

PHNIX: *amaravihagaḥ.

PHONETIC: *svarasaṃvādin (f. ).

PHONETICS, PHONOLOGY: *svaravijñānam. Vedic p.: prātiśākhyam.

PHOSPHORESCENCE: *prasphuraśīlatā; madhuraprakāśajananatā.

PHOSPHORESCENT: *prasphuraśīlaḥ (lā laṃ); madhuraprakāśajananaḥ (nī naṃ).

PHOSPHORUS:
     I In chem.: *prasphuraḥ.
     II The morning-star: q. v.

PHOTOGRAPH:
     I Subs.: *ālokalekhyam.
     II Verb: ālokalekhyaṃ karoti.

PHOTOGRAPHER: ālokalekhyakāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

PHOTOGRAPHY: *ālokalekhyakalā (the art) or -vijñānam (the science).

PHRASE (subs.):
     I Lit.: vākyam, Sah. ii. 4.
     II Diction, expression: q. v.

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PHRASE (v. t.); abhidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To call, style.

PHRASEOLOGY:
     1 vākyabandhaḥ;
     2 vākyaracanā: v. Style.

PHRENOLOGER, PHRENOLOGIST: *bhastiṣkavidyāvid (mfn.), -viśāradaḥ (dā daṃ), etc.

PHRENOLOGY: *mastiṣkavidyā.

PHTHISICAL: of person:
     1 kṣayarogin (f. ṇī);
     2 śoṣākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ), etc.

PHTHISIS:
     1 kṣayaḥ -rogaḥ;
     2 rājayakṣman (m.);
     3 śoṣaḥ.

PHYLACTERY:
     1 rakṣākāṇḍaḥ;
     2 kavaca (mn.).

PHYSIC:
     I Medicine: q. v.: cikitsā.
     II Purgative: q. v.: recakam.

PHYSICAL:
     I Bodily: q. v.: by comp., p. strength: śarīraśaktiḥ.
     II Natural: q. v.: p. sciences: padārthaśāstrāṇi (?).
     III Individual: q. v.

PHYSICALLY:
     I According to physics: padārthaśāstrānusāreṇa (?).
     II Bodily: p. unfit: śarīreṇākṣamaḥ.

PHYSICIAN:
     1 cikitsakaḥ, faults of a p.: cikitsakadoṣāḥ, C.;
     2 vaidyaḥ, calling all the p. s: sarvānāhūya vaidyān, C.; a disease which repels the efforts of p.s: vaidyayatnaparibhāvī gadaḥ, R.;
     3 bhiṣaj (m.), incurable by p.s: bhiṣajāmasādhya (f. dhyā), R.

PHYSICS: padārthaśāstram; padārthavijñānam; and sim. comp.s.

PHYSIOGNOMIST: puruṣalakṣaṇavid (mfn.), -jña (f. jñā); and sim. comps.

PHYSIOGNOMY:
     I Features: ākṛtiḥ.
     II The art: perh. vadanalakṣaṇam and sim. comp.s.; puruṣalakṣaṇam, K.

PHYSIOLOGICAL: expr. by comp. or gen.

PHYSIOLOGIST: *karaṇatattvaviśārada (f. ); karaṇavijñānavid (mfn.); etc.

PHYSIOLOGY: *karaṇavijñānam and sim. comp.s.

PIACULAR:
     1 dūṣaka (f. ṣikā), pari-;
     2 dūṣaṇa (f. ṇī), etc.

PIANO, -FORTE: vādyaviśeṣaḥ.

PIAZZA: v. Portico.

PICK (v.):
     I To pluck, gather: q. v.: cinoti pra- abhi-, (ci, c. 5.).
     II To pick: q. v.
     III Of the teeth: ullikhati (likh, c. 6.).
     IV To pierce: q. v.: vidhyati (vyadh,) c. 4.). Ph.: (a) to p. one's purse: dhanabhastrikāṃ muṣṇāti; (b) p. holes in one's coat: parasya chidrāṇi samāharati; (c) p. a quarrel: kalaham utthāpayati. Comp.s.: (a) P. off: uddharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. Also to separate. (b) P. out: āharati with expr. s meaning from or among: v. Also to choose. (c) P. up: samāharati: v. To gather.

PICK (subs.):
     I In comp.: tooth -p.: dantollekhanī; ear -p.: karṇasya kaṇḍūyanakam, H. ii. 66.; p.-wick: *daśoddharaṇī.
     II P. axe.: q. v.
     III Choice, chosen things: q. v.
     IV The best: viśiṣṭāḥ (m. pl.), with the p. of the school: vidyālayasya viśiṣṭaiśchātraiḥ saha.

PICKAXE:
     1 pāṣāṇadāraṇaḥ -ṇī;
     2 pāṣāṇabhedanī;
     3 ṭaṃkaḥ.

PICKET: v. Picquet.

PICKLE:
     I Subs.: no equiv.: *amlāsavaḥ -dravyam.
     II Verb: *amlāsavena saṃdadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

PICKPOCKET: granthicchedaḥ -kaḥ: v. Thief.

PICNIC: vihāraḥ or -haraṇam (= amusing), p. in a park: vanaviharaṇam, Si.; let us go to the Yamunā and have a p. there and come back in the evening: "gacchāvo yamunāṃ prati | suhṛjjanavṛtau tatra vihṛtya madhusūdana | sāyāhne punareṣyāvaḥ", Mah. i. 220. 14-5.

PICQUET: rakṣikadalam (?); gaulmikāḥ (m. pl. ?).

PICTORIAL:
     1 sacitra (f. trā);
     2 citropeta (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PICTORIALLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PICTURE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 citram, I think much of this representation in the picture: citrārpitāmahamimāṃ bahu manyamānaḥ, Sa. vi. 17.;
     2 ālekhyam, living only in p.: ālekhyaśeṣa (f. ṣā), R. xiv. 15.
     II Fig.:
     1 citram;
     2 by circumlo.

PICTURE (v.):
     I Lit.: citrayati.
     II Fig.:
     1 manasi karoti;
     2 paryālocayati (loc, c. 10.): v. To consider, think.

PICTURE-FRAME: citradhāraṇī (?); citrādhāraḥ (?).

PICTURE-GALLERY: citrāvalī (= pictures); citraśālā and sim. comp.s.

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PICTURESQUE: vicitra (f. trā), in p. language: vicitrapadam, Ram. Ph.: p. arrangement of words: citram, Kav. ix. 8.

PICTURESQUENESS: vaicitryam or vicitratā, p. of language: uktivaicitryam, Kav.

PIDDLE: mūtrayati (mūtr, c. 10.): v. Water, to make.

PIDDLING (adj.): kṣudra (f. drā): v. Little, trivial

PIE:
     I A bird: kikiḥ (?).
     II An article of food: no equiv.
     III In printing: *mudrākṣarasaṅkaraḥ.

PIEBALD: tittirikalmāṣa (f. ṣā), very good p. horses: tittirikalmāṣān hayottamān, Mah. ii. 28. 6.

PIECE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 khaṇḍa n. n.), a dirty rag torn to hundred p.s: śatakhaṇḍamalinakanthā, J.; to p. s: khaṇḍakhaṇḍam or khaṇḍaśaḥ;
     2 śakalam, p. s. of rock-salt: saindhavaśilāśakalāni, R. v. 73.;
     3 not expr. in fig. ps., this is a p. of excellent advice: prakṛṣṭo'yamupadeśaḥ; a p. of music: saṅgītamekam (?).
     II A gun: astram.
     III A coin: not expr.
     IV An individual:
     1 lokaḥ;
     2 often not expr., "a p. of a logician": tārkikaḥ. Ph.: (a) of a p.: ekarūpa (f. ); (b) of a p. with: sadṛśa (f. śā): v. Like; (c) p. of eight: mudrāviśeṣaḥ.

PIECE (v.): saṃdadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To patch, unite.

PIECEMEAL (adj.): khaṇḍaśaḥ, to tear p.: śakalayati.

PIECEWORK: perh. sthirakarman (n.: comp. vern. ṭhikā).

PIED (adj.):
     1 tittirikalmāṣa (f. ṣā);
     2 citravicitra (f. trā).

PIER:
     I Of a bridge, etc.: stambhaḥ (= pillar).
     II A mole: vapram (?).

PIER-GLASS: gavākṣadarpaṇaḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

PIERAGE: *vapraśulkam- and sim. comp.s.

PIERCE:
     I Lit.:
     1 vidhyati saṃ- prati- pari-, (vyadh, c. 4.), p. d with arrows: īṣubhirviddhaḥ, R. ix. 60.;
     2 bhinatti nir- (bhid, c. 7. = to force a way into), grief p. d his heart: vibheda hṛdayaṃ tasya śokaśaṅkuḥ, R. viii. 93.
     II To touch, move: cālayati vi-, (c. of cal).
     III To dive into, understand: q. v.

PIERCING (adj.):
     I Of men: kuśāgravuddhi (mfn.): v. Acute.
     II Of sounds: perh. karṇavedhin (f. ): v. Shrill.

PIERCINGLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo: v. Also keenly.

PIERIAN: P. spring: sarasvatīkuṇḍam.

PIETY:
     1 dharmiṣṭhatā;
     2 dharmaparāyaṇatā;
     3 dhārmikatā.

PIG:
     I Prop. śūkaraśāvaḥ. -kaḥ.
     II Gen.: śūkaraḥ grāmya-: v. Hog.
     III Of metal: perh. piṇḍaḥ.

PIGEON:
     1 pārāvataḥ;
     2 kapotaḥ;
     3 hārītaḥ (= wood -p.). Ph.: p. English: *bhraṣṭeṃrejī.

PIGEON-HOLE:
     I Lit.: kapotavivaram, and sim. comp.s. (?).
     II In paper: chidram (?).

PIGEONRY:
     1 kapotapālikā;
     2 viṭaṅkaḥ.

PIGGERY:
     1 śūkaragṛham;
     2 śūkaraśālā;
     3 śūkarakulam.

PIGHEADED: prob. śūkaraśiras (mfn.): v. Also obstinate.

PIGMENT: varṇakaḥ: v. Paint.

PIGMY: vāmanaḥ: v. Dwarf. The p. s: vālakhilyāḥ (?).

PIGSTY: śūkaravṛttiḥ (?).

PIGTAIL: dressing the hair in p.: *śūkarapucchavat keśāni viracayya.

PIKE:
     I A weapon: perh. paṭṭiśaḥ: v. Lance, spear.
     II A fish: jalasūciḥ (?).

PIKEMAN: paṭṭiśadhārin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.

PILASTER: *bhuttistambhaḥ.

PILCHARD: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

PILE (subs.):
     I A heap: q. v.: rāśiḥ.
     II Funeral: citā (rarely cityā and citiḥ), make a p., I will follow my lord: viracaya citāmanusarāmi jīviteśvaram, K.; make a p. for me: kuru me citām, Ku. iv. 35.
     III Edifice: q. v.: harbhyam.
     IV A timber: sthūṇā. V. Hair: bālaḥ.

PILE (v.): samā-cinoti (ci, c. 5.): v. To heap.

PILE-DRIVER: *sthūṇācodanayantram and sim. expr. s.

PILES: arśas (n.), internal p.: adṛśyānyarśāṃsi, Sr.; ointments for p.: arśasāmālepāḥ; suffering from p.: arśobhirupadrutaḥ (tā taṃ), Sr. or arśasaḥ (sā saṃ), Bha.

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PILFER: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.): v. To steal.

PILFERER: moṣakaḥ: v. Thief.

PILFERING (subs.): moṣaḥ: v. Theft.

PILGRIM:
     1 tīrthayātrikaḥ;
     2 tīrthānusārin (m.), V. s.;
     3 yātrikaḥ (when sense clear).

PILGRIMAGE:
     1 tīrthayātrā, desirous of p.: tīrthayātrābhilāṣī, D.;
     2 tīrthābhigamanam, Mah.; and sim. comp.s. Place of p.: tīrtham. P. to the Ganges: gaṅgāyātrā.

PILL: vaṭikā. Ph.: it was a bitter p. to swallow: *asahyamīdṛśaṃ śrotuṃ paruṣaṃ karṇakarkaśam.

PILLAGE (subs.): viluṇṭhanam: v. Plunder.

PILLAGE (v.): viluṇṭhati (luṇṭh, c. 1.): v. To plunder.

PILLAGER: vi-luṇṭhakaḥ: v. Plunderer.

PILLAR: stambhaḥ, it is not supported by p. s: stambhairna ca dhṛtā sā tu, Mah. ii. 11. 14. Ph.: p. of state: rājyarakṣakaḥ rājastambhādhāraḥ (com. v. iii. 17.) and sim. comp.s. P. ed: stambhopeta (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PILLION: paryāṇam (?), -cchadaḥ (?).

PILLORY: *stambhabandhaḥ; haḍiḥ, William.

PILLOW (subs.): upādhānam, a couch with many p. s: bahūpādhānā kuthā, K.;
     2 upabarhaḥ;
     3 bāliśam;
     4 gaṇḍuḥ (rare).

PILLOW (v.): upadadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To put, prop.

PILOT (subs.): *jalamānavid (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

PILOT (v.): mārgaṃ darśayati (c. of dṛś with gen.): v. Way.

PILOTAGE: *jalamānavidāṃ mūlyam.

PIMP (subs.):
     1 viṭaḥ;
     2 suratatālaḥ.

PIMP (v.): strīḥ or nārīḥ saṃyojayati (c. of yuj), or sajjayati (c. of sajj), or saṃśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ), or saṃgamayati (c. of gam), M. viii. 362.

PIMPLE: sphoṭaḥ -kaḥ.

PIMPLED, PIMPLY:
     1 sphoṭin (f. no);
     2 sphoṭakin (f. ).

PIN (subs.):
     I Lit.: perh. sūciḥ.
     II A peg: kīlaḥ -kaḥ.
     III Fig.: tṛṇam: v. Straw, care.

PIN (v.):
     I Lit.: sūcyā badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II To confine: q. v.: saṃruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).

PINCERS:
     1 saṃdaśaḥ;
     2 kaṅkamukham.

PINCH (subs.):
     I Lit.: expr. by verb: v. Pinch (I)
     II Pressure, oppression: q. v.: sampīḍanam.

PINCH (v.):
     I With the fingers: carma kṛntati (kṛt, c. 7.: ?).
     II To squeeze or press hard.:
     1 saṃ-pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.);
     2 saṃ-bādhate (bādh, c. 1.). Ph.: p. ed with cold and hunger: śītārtaśca kṣudhārtaśca, P. 3. 7.: p. ing poverty: duḥsahadāridryam. and sim. comp.s.

PINCUSHION: sūcyādhāra and sim. comp.s.

PINE (subs.): devadāruḥ (a kind of p. Use n. for wood).

PINE (v.):
     I To p. away: aṅgeṣu parihīyate (pass. of ), Sa. iii.: v. Also to languish.
     II To p. for:
     1 tāmyati (tam, c. 4. = to be distressed);
     2 avasīdati (sad, c. 1. = to droop).

PINEAPPLE: bhūpanasaḥ or nānārasaḥ (??) (Use n. for the fruit).

PINION (subs.): pakṣaḥ: v. Wing, feather.

PINION (v.): badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To bind.

PINK (subs.):
     I A plant: latāviśeṣaḥ.
     II Its flower: *piṅkam.
     III A colour: pāṭalavarṇaḥ.

PINK (adj.): pāṭalaḥ (lā laṃ).

PINK (v.): vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To pierce.

PIN-MONEY: bāhyavyayārthaṃ dhanam (?).

PINNACE: a boat: *pīnāsam (comp. vern. pinisa).

PINNACLE:
     I A turret: q. v.: aṭṭaḥ.
     II Summit: q. v.: śikharam.

PINT: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

PIONEER:
     I Lit.: sthāṇucchedakaḥ.
     II Fig.: mārgadarśakaḥ.

PIOUS:
     1 dhārmika (f. );
     2 dharmaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     3 dharmaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā);
     4 dharmapravaṇa (f. ṇā); and sim. comp.s.

PIOUSLY:
     1 dhārmikatayā etc.;
     2 better by adj. or circumlo.

PIP (v.): cūṃkaroti "kamāhūya cirāya cūṃkṛtaiḥ", N.

PIP (subs.):
     I Of fruits: bījam.
     II In fowls: rogaviśeṣaḥ.

PIPE (subs.):
     I Musical:
     1 vaṃśaḥ -śī;
     2 veṇuḥ;
     3 muralī.
     II A tube: nālī (?).
     III For smoking: dhūpanālī (?).
     IV A cask: kuṇḍam.

PIPE (v.):
     I Lit.: veṇuṃ vādayati (c. of vad).
     II To cry: q. v.

PIPER:
     1 vāṃśikaḥ;
     2 veṇuvādakaḥ;
     3 vaṃśīdharaḥ.

PIPKIN: sthālī (gen. term): v. Boiler.

PIQUANCY:
     1 tīkṣṇatā (= pungency);
     2 sarasatā (in fig. sense).

PIQUANT:
     I Lit.: tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā): v. Pungent.
     II Fig.: sarasa (f. = flavoured, witty).

PIQUANTLY:
     1 tīkṣṇam;
     2 sarasam: for dif.: v. Above.

PIQUE (subs.):
     1 viraktiḥ (dislike);
     2 often by kaliḥ (= quarrel).

PIQUE (v.): expr. by virakta (f. ktā) or ruṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

PIRACY:
     I Lit.: samudradasyutā and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.: cauryam.

PIRATE (subs.):
     I Lit.: samudradasyuḥ and sim. comp.s: v. Robber.
     II A vessel: dasyupotaḥ and sim. comp.s.

PIRATE (v.):
     I Lit.: samudre dasyutāṃ karoti.
     II Fig.: corayati (cur, c. 10.), p. d poem: coritaṃ kāvyam.

PIRATICAL: expr. by comp., p. vessel: dasyupotaḥ.

PISCATORY: matsya- or mīna- in comp.: v. Fish.

PISH (interj.): perh. are or are re.

PISMIRE: pipīlikāḥ v. Ant.

PISS:
     I Subs: mūtram.
     II Verb.: mūtrayati ava-, (mūtr, c. 10.).

PISTIL: garbhakeśaraḥ (?).

PISTOL: no equiv.: *hastāsam.

PISTOLE: hispānīyasuvarṇamudrāviśeṣaḥ.

PISTON: *sampīḍanī; sampīḍananālī.

PIT (subs.):
     I A hole:
     1 gartaḥ;
     2 avaṭaḥ, putting the body in a p.: kabandhamavaṭe kṛtvā (rare), Ram.;
     3 gahvaram. (prop. a cave), thus men are thrown in p. s of impropriety: evaṃ puṃmāso'yuktagahvare pātyante, Vi. v.
     II Arm-p.: q. v.: kakṣaḥ. III, The grave: q. v.
     IV of the stomach: maṇipūram. V. Of a theatre: perh. aṅgaṇam.

PIT (v.):
     I Lit.: his face is p. ted by smallpox: *ānanaṃ tasya visphoṭakena cihnitam.
     II To set to fight: yoddhumutsāhayati (c. of sah).

PITAPAT: to go p.: dhuradhurāyate (nomi.).

PITCH (v. t.):
     I To fling, cast: q. v.: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II Of tents: racayati vi-, (rac, c. 10.); sajjayati (c. of sajj), M. n.; pratividadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), R. xiii. 79.
     III Of times: saṃ-sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     IV Of prices: sthirīkaroti.
     V To smear with p.: tindunā limpati (lipa, c. 6.) etc. Ph.: p. ed battle: tumulaṃ yuddham, Mah. viii.

PITCH (v. i.):
     I To alight, fall: q. v.: patati (pat, c. 1.).
     II To p. upon, select: vṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     III Of ships: yāti (, c. 2.), kṣaṇamūrddha madhaḥ kṣaṇam, K. s. 25. 44.

PITCH (subs.):
     I The resin: tindu -kam.
     II Degree of elevation: highest, lowest p.: parā koṭiḥ, K.
     III In music: at the highest p. of the voice: atyuccaiḥsvareṇa.
     IV Declivity, slope: q. v.

PITCHER:
     1 kamaṇḍalu (mn.);
     2 āruḥ;
     3 ghaṭī.

PITCHFORK: v. Fork.

PITCHY:
     I Lit.: tindulipta (f. ptā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.: p. darkness: sūcibhedyaṃ tamaḥ or andhatamasam.

PITEOUS: karuṇa (f. ṇā): v. Pitiable, pitiful.

PITEOUSLY: karuṇam: v. Pitiably, pitifully.

PITEOUSNESS: dīnatā (= wretchedness); or by adj.

PITFALL:
     1 channagartaḥ and sim. comp.s.;
     2 gahvaram: v. Pit.

PITH:
     I Lit.: majjan (n.) or majjā (f.).
     II Fig.: sāraḥ, Ki. xi. 39.: v. Essence, spirit.

PITHINESS:
     I Lit.: majjābahulatā.
     II Fig.: sāravattā.

PITHLESS:
     1 asāraḥ or niḥsāraḥ (rā [?]);
     2 phalgu (mfn.).

PITHY:
     I Lit.: majjābahulaḥ (lā laṃ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Fig.:
     1 sāravat (f. );
     2 sāragarbha (f. rbhā);
     3 sasāraḥ (rā raṃ).

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PITIABLE:
     1 karuṇa (f. ṇā), (I) have reached this p. condition: prapannā karuṇāmavasthām, R. xvi. 10.;
     2 dīnaḥ (nā naṃ) ( miserable: q. v.).

PITIABLY:
     1 karuṇam;
     2 dīnam.

PITIFUL:
     I Merciful, kind: q. v.:
     1 karuṇāmaya (f. );
     2 kāruṇika (f. ).
     II Pitiable: karuṇa (f. ṇā), in p. words: karuṇārthagrathitam, R. viii. 70.
     III Paltry, mean: q. v.: kṣudra (f. drā).

PITIFULLY:
     I Mercifully, kindly: q. v.: sakaruṇam.
     II Piteously: karuṇam, (they) spoke p.: karuṇamamihitam, Ki. x. 58.
     III Meanly: p. dressed: dīnaveśa (f. śā).

PITIFULNESS:
     1 kāruṇyam;
     2 dīnatā (= wretchedness).

PITILESS: niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā): v. Merciless, unkind.

PITILESSLY: niṣkaruṇam: v. Unmercifully.

PITMAN: āvaṭika (f. ??).

PITTANCE: no equiv.: perh. kalyavartaḥ.

PITY (subs.): karaṇā or kāruṇyam: v. Mercy, kindness. Ph.: it is a great p.: idamatīva duḥkhākaram: v. Distressing.

PITY (v.):
     1 karuṇāṃ karoti (with loc.);
     2 dayate (day, c. 1.: with acc. or gen.), why don't you p. me: mamāpi kiṃ no dayase, N. ix. 98.;
     8 anukampate (kamp, c. 1. = to shew kindness for) "girānukampasva", N.

PITYING (adj.): sakaruṇa (f. ṇā): v. Pitiful, compassionate.

PITYINGLY: sakaruṇam: v. Compassionately.

PIVOT: yogakīlaḥ (?); vivartanakīlaḥ, Williams.

PLACABILITY:
     1 kṣamāśīlatā;
     2 titikṣutā.

PLACABLE:
     1 kṣamāśīla (f. );
     2 bahukṣama (f. ), etc.

PLACARD (subs): ghoṣaṇāpatram, and sim. comp.s. (?).

PLACARD (v.):
     I Lit.: ghoṣaṇāpatraṃ nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.): v. To put.
     II To notify: ghoṣayati pari-, (ghuṣ, c. 10.).

PLACATE: śamayati (c. of śam): v. To appease.

PLACE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 sthānam (best equiv.), should not leave one's p.: svasthānaṃ na parityajet, H.;
     2 bhūmiḥ or bhūḥ, make p. s on (the roof) of the palace: kriyantāṃ prāsādasyopari bhūmayaḥ, Mu. iii;
     3 sthalam, Ph.: in this p., in that p.: atra tatraḥ v. Here, there, etc.; nor falsehood has any p. in you: nānṛtaṃ tvayi tiṣṭhati, Mah.
     II Room: q. v.: sthānam.
     III Rank:
     1 sthānam:
     2 bhūmiḥ, want my p.: madīyāṃ bhūmiṃ kāmayante, Mu.
     IV With the idea of substitution:
     1 sthānam; some read Lāsikā in the p. of Vilāsikā: kecidvilāsikāsthāne lāsiketi paṭhanti, Sah.;
     2 bhūmiḥ, here I am in the p. of your comrades: ayaṃ janaḥ te sakhībhūmau vartate, Sah. iii. V. Denoting succession: by adv., in the first p.: prathamam; in the next p.: aparam (= again). Ph.: to take p.: v. To happen; out of p. expr. by asthānam, Ki. xi. 68. or asāmpratam, Si. ii. 70.

PLACE (v.): sthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To put.

PLACID: śānta (f. ntā): v. Quiet, calm.

PLACIDLY: expr. by adj. or comp.: v. Also quietly.

PLACIDNESS, PLACIDITY: pra-śāntatā: v. Calmness.

PLAGIARISM: expr. by cauryam (= theft), as kāvyacauryam (poetical), ukticauryam (of language), etc.

PLAGIARIST: kāvyacauraḥ ukticauraḥ, etc.

PLAGIARIZE: corayati (cur, c. 10. = to steal: q. v.).

PLAGUE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 māriḥ(rī);
     2 marakaḥ, V. p. iv. 13. 53. Ph.: cattle-p.: paśūnāṃ maraṇarogaḥ, Ka. xiii. 64.
     II Any great calamity:
     1 utpātaḥ;
     2 upadravaḥ.
     III A pest:
     1 śalyam;
     2 kaṇṭakaḥ.

PLAGUE (v.):
     I To vex: q. v.
     II To infest with p.: expr. by subs.

PLAICE, PLAISE: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

PLAIN (subs.):
     1 samabhūmiḥ;
     2 samasthalam -lī.

PLAIN (adj.):
     I Smooth, level: q. v.: sama (f. ).
     II Clear, evident: q. v.: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), in p.: spaṣṭam.
     III Open, public: q. v.: prakāśa (f. śā).
     IV Frank, sincere: q. v.: sphuṭamāṣin (f. ṇī = p. spoken).
     V Homely, simple:
     1 sahaja (f. = natural, as of p. tune);
     2 sāmānya (f. nyā = common, as of p. dress);
     3 asaṃskṛta (f. = unadorned, poor: q. v.).

PLAIN-DEALING:
     I Adj.: ṛju (mfn.): v. Sincere.
     II Subs.: ārjavam: v. Sincerity.

PLAINLY:
     I Clearly, perspicuously: q. v.: spaṣṭam.
     II Unreservedly, sincerely:
     1 nirvyājam;
     2 niṣkapaṭam.
     III In other senses: expr. by adj. or comp.

PLAINNESS:
     I Clearness, perspicuity: q. v.: spaṣṭatā.
     II Outspokenness: sphuṭābhaṣitā.
     III Evenness: samatā.
     IV Openness: prakāśatā: v. Simplicity: expr. by adj., p. of dress: sāmānyaveṣaḥ: v. Plain (V.).

PLAINT: pratijñā, the p. is the most important part of a law-suit: sārastu vyavahārāṇāṃ pratijñā samudāhṛtā, N. s.

PLAINTIFF:
     1 vādin (f. ), Si. xx. 18.;
     2 arthin (f. ), kārya-, Mr. ix.

PLAINTIVE:
     I Complaining:
     1 paridevin (f. );
     2 by comp.
     II Sad, sorrowful: q. v.: śokāvaha (f. ).

PLAINTIVELY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PLAINTIVENESS: śokāvahatā: v. Sadness.

PLAIT (subs.):
     I A fold: bhaṅgiḥ.
     II A braid: kavarī.

PLAIT (v.): v. To fold, braid.

PLAN (subs.):
     I Project, design:
     1 upāyaḥ, devise some p.: upāyaḥ kriyatām, H. ii.;
     2 prayogaḥ ( employment of means), ask for the success of the p.: prayogasiddhiṃ pṛccha, Mal. i.;
     3 mantraṇā (= plot).
     II A sketch: citralipiḥ (??).

PLAN (v.):
     I To devise: upāyaṃ karoti, p. ned his death: tasya vadhopāyaṃ cakāra or vadhaṃ mantrayāmāsa.
     II To design: citralipiṃ karoti (??,: with gen.).

PLANE (adj.): sama (f. ), p. trigonometry: *samatrikoṇamitiḥ.

PLANE (subs.):
     I In geo.: *samakṣetram; dharātalam, where two p. s meet: dharātalayoḥ sampātaḥ, K. d.
     II The tool: takṣaṇī, Williams.
     III tree: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

PLANE (v.): samīkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

PLANET: grahaḥ, superior, inferior p.: adhaḥsthaḥ ūrddhastho grahaḥ (after Su.). Minor p.: upagrahaḥ.

PLANETARY: expr. by tat. comp., p. orbit: grahakakṣā.

PLANK (subs.):
     1 phalaka (mn.);
     2 kāṣṭhaphalaka (mn.).

PLANK (v.) phalakaiḥ āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To cover.

PLANT (subs.):
     1 latā;
     2 oṣadhiḥ (annual p.).

PLANT (v.):
     I Lit.: ropayati ā- abhi-, (c. of ruh), trees are to be p. ed on (the banks of) tanks: taḍāge vṛkṣā ropyāḥ, He.; p. ing of the Peepul: pippalāropaṇam, He.: in trees p. ed by my friend herself: drumeṣu sakhyā kṛtajanmasu svayam, Ku. v. 60.
     II To set up, put: q. v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     III To found, settle: q. v.: sthāpayati.
     IV To fit out with plants: vṛkṣān ropayati (with loc.).

PLANTAIN:
     1 kadalī (both the tree and its fruit);
     2 rambhā, with thighs like (the body of) the p.:) rammorūḥ, R. vi. 35.

PLANTATION:
     I The act: ropaḥ -ṇam ā-.
     II The place:
     1 kṣetram (= field), sugarcane p.: ikṣukṣetram;
     2 vṛkṣavāṭikā (= garden: q. v.).

PLANTER:
     I Lit.:
     1 ropaka (f. pikā), ā-;
     2 ropayitṛ (f. trī), ā- "vṛkṣāropayituḥ", He.
     II Owner of a plantation: tea-p.s: *cākṣetrikāḥ or -kṣetrasvāminaḥ.

PLASH (subs.):
     1 āghātaḥ or abhighātaḥ (= striking);
     2 saṃghaṭṭaḥ (= collision), "vārisaṃghaṭṭajo ravaḥ" Ram.

PLASH (v.): p. ing of water: jalāsphālanam, R. xvi. 62.

PLASTER (subs.):
     I For covering walls: cūrṇavālulepaḥ (??).
     II For wounds: upanāhaḥ.

PLASTER (v.): lepaṃ or upanāhaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with loc.).

PLASTERER: lepaka (f. pikā), vi- pra- (?).

PLASTIC:
     I Lit.: rūpada (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).
     II Produced by moulding: perh. gaṭhita (f. ).

PLAT (subs.): Of ground: v. Plot.

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PLATE (subs.):
     I A vessel:
     1 pātram;
     2 bhājanam, p. for eating: bhojanabhājanam, N. II. Engraved p.:
     1 phalakam, copper-p.: tāmraphalakam;
     2 patram, p. s of grant: niyamapatrāṇi, M. n. on Si. xiv. 36.
     III Wrought gold and silver.
     1 kośaḥ (ambiguous);
     2 kṛte hemarūpye, A.

PLATE (v.): rajatapatreṇa āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5. = to cover: q. v. ?), p. d: rajatapatrāvṛta (f. ): v. Overlay.

PLATFORM: expr. by mañcaḥ or maṇḍapaḥ.

PLATINUM: no equiv.: mahārajatam may by used.

PLATONIC: *prāktanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); plāṭunīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

PLATONISM: *prāktanamatam; plāṭunamatam.

PLATONIST: *prāktanamatāvalambin (f. ); plāṭunamatavādin (f. ).

PLATOON: gulmaḥ: v. Company.

PLATTER: bhojanapātram or -bhājanam.

PLAUDIT: praśaṃsāvāc (f.): v. Acclamation.

PLAUSIBILITY: nyāyyāmāsatā and sim. expr. s.

PLAUSIBLE: expr. by circumlo., and what you have asked appears p.: yathetarannyāyyamivāvabhāsate, Ki. xiv. 7.: v. Also probable.

PLAUSIBLY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Plausible.

PLAY (subs.):
     I In gen. sense:
     1 krīḍā, this is mere p.: krīḍāmātrametat, Ra. ii.; in all boy's p. s: bālakrīḍāsu sarvāsu, Mah. i. 126. 15.; real p.: prakṛtakrīḍanam, D. vi.; p. ing in water: jalakrīḍā, Mah.; at p.: v. To play;
     2 khelā or khelanam (rare): v. Also gambling.
     II A drama: nāṭakam.
     III Dramatic show: abhinayaḥ
     IV Motion, movement: q. v.: cāraḥ, p. of the feet: pādacāraḥ, D. vi.
     V Action; use: q. v.: foul p.: duśce ṣṭitam; fair p.: nyāyyācāraḥ, (?).
     VI Scope: prasaraḥ.

PLAY (v. i.):
     I To frolic, sport:
     1 krīḍati (krīḍ, c. 1.), I will just p.: krīḍiṣyāmi tāvat, V. iii.; we will p. here: ihaiva krīḍāmaḥ, Ra. i.;
     2 khelati (khel, c. 1.), of the p. ing boys: khelatāṃ vaṭūnām, U. iv.; I wish to play with snakes before Rākshasa: icchāmi rākṣasasya purataḥ sarpaiḥ khelitum, Mu. ii.
     II Fig., to trifle: krīḍati, p. ing with Anūra for a long time: anūreṇa ciraṃ kālaṃ krīḍitvā, V. p. v. 20. 61.
     III To gamble:
     1 krīḍati, to p. dice. dyūtaṃ krīḍati, Mr. ii.;
     2 khelati, to p. for love: vinā paṇena or āmodārthaṃ khelati (?).
     IV On a musical instrument: vādayati (c. of vad), to play on a lute: vīṇāṃ vādayati, H. V. On the stage: abhinayati (, c. 1.): v. To act. Ph.: to p. a king: rājāyate; to p. a trick: krīḍati; to p. off: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.): v. To use.

PLAY-BILL: *abhinayapatram; abhinayasūcī.

PLAYER:
     I On the stage: abhinetṛ (f. trī): v. Actor.
     II A gambler: q. v.: kitavaḥ, opposite p.: pratikitavaḥ, D. ii.
     III On an instrument: vādakaḥ, p. s. played drums: vādakā vādayāmāsurbherīḥ, Mah. v. 156. 27.: v. To play.

PLAY-FELLOW, PLAY-MATE:
     1 sahakrīḍakaḥ (?);
     2 sahakhelin (m (?).

PLAYFUL:
     I Given to play: krīḍāsakta (f. ktā) and sim. comp. s, boys are p.: bālāstāvat krīḍāsaktāḥ, J. II. Of acts, etc. krīḍā- in comp.: v. Also sportive, merry.

PLAYFULLY:
     I Of acts, etc.:
     1 krīḍyā;
     2 krīḍāpūrvam;
     3 parihāsena (= in jest).
     II Of men: by adj., V. p. v. 6. 50.

PLAYGROUND: raṅgaḥ -bhūmiḥ, V. p 20. 31., Mah. i. 132. 10.

PLAYHOUSE: raṅgaḥ -śālā: v. Theatre.

PLAYTHING:
     1 krīḍanakam, saw (the gem) Syamantaka made a boy's p.: kumārakrīḍanakīkṛtaṃ syamantakaṃ dadarśa, V. p. iv. 13. 23.; God plays with beings like boys with p.s: krīḍate bhagavān bhūtairbālaḥ krīḍanakairiva, Mah. iii. 30, 37.;
     2 khelanam.

PLAYWRIGHT: ākhyāyikākāraḥ (?), C. 2.; nāṭakakāraḥ (?).

PLEA:
     I In law: kāraṇottaram, Mit.
     II Excuse, pretext: vyapadeśaḥ.
     III Lawsuit: q. v.
     IV Prayer: prārthanā.

PLEAD:
     I To enter a plea: utta dadāti (, c. 3.). To p. not guilty: adoṣo'smīti vadati (vad, c. 1.), to p. justification, etc.: pratyavaskandanaṃ karoti (lit. to attack in return), Mit.; to allow a person to p.: uttaraṃ dāpayati (c. of ), Mit.
     II To defend, argue: he p. ed your case very ably: *sa yuktiyuktaṃ tavārthaṃ nipuṇaṃ pratipādayāmāsa.
     III To make an excuse: expr. by subs., p. ing headache: śiraḥśūlavyapadeśena.
     IV To entreat: q. v.: yācate (yāc, c. 1.).

PLEADER: No equiv.: *abhibhāṣakaḥ: v. Advocate.

PLEADING (subs.): uttaravādaḥ, etc.; better by verb: q. v.

PLEASANT:
     I Agreeable, delightful: q. v.: manojña (f. jñā).
     II Affable: q. v.: miṣṭabhāṣin (f. ṇī).
     III Pleasing: q. v.: sukhāvaha (f. ).

PLEASANTLY: sukhena (= with pleasure); gen. by adj. or circumlo.

PLEASANTNESS:
     I Agreeableness:
     1 manojñatā;
     2 hṛdyatā;
     3 abhirāmatā;
     4 ramyatā;
     5 ramaṇīyatā;
     6 ruciratā;
     7 kāmyatā;
     8 kamanīyatā.
     II Sweetness: q. v.: madhuratā.
     III Pleasurableness: sukhāvahatā and sim. comp.s.

PLEASANTRY:
     1 sukham (= pleasure);
     2 parihāsaḥ (= joke);
     3 narmabhāṣitam (= sprightly saying), K.

PLEASE (v. t.):
     I To delight: q. v.: sukhayati, the same rays of the moon p. the body: pādāsta eva śaśinaḥ sukhayanti gātram, V. iii.
     II To satisfy: q. v.: prīṇāti or prīṇayati (prī, c. 9. and 10.) when Śiva will be p. d (with you): prīte pinākini, Ki. xi. 81. Ph.: to be p. d. to .: not expr., His Majesty Chandragupta is p. d to command: devaścandraguptaḥ samājñāpayati, Mu. iii.

PLEASE (v. i.):
     1 by passive imperative or occasionally by sim. imper, p. sit here: ita āsyatām, U. i.; p. take this seat: idamāsanam upaviśatvāryaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     2 by arhati (arha, c. 1.), anugṛhṇāti (graha, c. 9.), or prasīdati (sad, c. 1.), p. put on these ornaments: imānyābharaṇāni dhārayitumarhatyāryaḥ, Mu. ii.; p. promise: prasīda sandhehi, Ki. i. 42. Ph.: as you p.: yadabhirocate bhavate,
     V ii. (note also yadājñāpayati devaḥ, Mal. 1.).

PLEASING (adj.):
     I Gratifying:
     1 by verb, it is not as p. that you are without your friend: na tathā nandayasi māṃ sakhyā virahitā tayā, V. ii. 13.;
     2 sukhāvaha (f. );
     3 sukhakara (f. ); etc.
     II Charming, delightful: q. v.: ramya (f. myā), it is easy to be p. in this world: sulabhā ramyatā loke, Ki. xi. 11.; of p. deportment: ramyahāvāḥ, Ki. xi. 1. Ph.: p. to the ear: sukhaśrava (f. ): śrutimadhura (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PLEASURABLE: sukhāvaha (f. ): v. Pleasing.

PLEASURE:
     I Opposed to pain:
     1 sukham, I do not seek p.: na sukhaṃ prārthaye, Ki. xi. 66.; the p. s of affluence: aiśvaryasukhāni, K.; the p. of reciprocity: vyatikarasukham, Sa. iii. 27.;
     2 santoṣaḥ (= gratification);
     3 ānandaḥ (= delight).
     II Will, command: q. v.: icchā, at his p.: svecchayā, Vi.
     III A favour: q. v.: anugrahaḥ.

PLEASURE-GROUND:
     1 kelikānanam;
     2 vilāsavanam: v. Park.

PLEBEIAN:
     1 prākṛtaḥ, the p. order: prākṛtāḥ;
     2 pṛthagjanaḥ. Ph.: p. philosophers: grāmyadārśanikāḥ: v. Vulgar.

PLEDGE (subs.):
     I Pawn, mortgage: q. v.: ādhiḥ.
     II Any security: perh. bandhaḥ, the mutual affection of husband and wife is a p. against separation: jāyāpatyoḥ parasparapraṇayastayoravicchedabandhaḥ; to take p.: pratijñāṃ karoti.
     III A surety: q. v.: pratibhūḥ.

PLEDGE (v.):
     I To mortgage: q. v.: ādhīkaroti.
     II To engage:
     1 badhnāti ā-, (bandh, c. 9. ?);
     2 pratiśṛṇoti (śru, c. 5. = to promise: q. v.).

PLEDGEE:
     1 bandhagrahītṛ (f. trī);
     2 ādhigrāhaka (f. hikā).

PLEIADES: the constellation:
     1 kṛttikā;
     2 bahulā (pl.: rare).

PLENARY: sampūrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Full, complete.

PLENIPOTENTIARY: mahādūtaḥ.

PLENITUDE: pūrṇatā: v. Fullness.

PLENTEOUS, PLENTIFUL: pracura (f. ), p. pepper.: pracuramarica- B. r.: v. Abundant. To be p.: v. To abound.

PLENTIFULLY:
     1 pracuram;
     2 bhūyiṣṭham;
     3 bhūri; (4)prabhūtam.

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PLENTIFULNESS:
     1 prācuryam;
     2 bāhulyam;
     3 prabhūtatā.

PLENTY: expr. by adj., he has p. of money: tasya prabhūtaṃ dhanam: v. Abundant, plentiful.

PLEONASM: adhikapadatā -tvam; adhikapadadoṣaḥ.

PLEONASTIC: adhikapada (f. ), Kav.

PLETHORA:
     I Lit.: raktapittam, C. s.
     II Abundance: prācuryam.

PLEURISY:
     1 urograhaḥ, Wilson;
     2 vakṣograhaḥ.

PLEURITIC: urograhavat (f. ), and sim. comp.s.

PLIABILITY: āvarjanīyatā: v. Flexibility.

PLIABLE, PLIANT: āvarjanīya (f. : lit. and fig.): v. Flexible, soft, docile.

PLIGHT (v.): dadāti (, c. 3. = to give: q. v.) v. Also to pledge.

PLIGHT (subs.):
     I State, condition: q. v.: daśā.
     II Pledge: q. v.

PLINTH: stammamūlam (of a column); bhittimūlam (of a wall).

PLOD (v.): satataṃ śrāmyati (śram, c. 4.) or ātmānam āyāsayati (c. of yas ?), a p. ding student: satatapaṭhanaśramī or satataśramādhyāyī.

PLOT (subs.):
     I Of ground: bhūmibhāgaḥ (?); kṣetram (= field) "grāmo grāmasya sāmantaḥ kṣetraṃ kṣetrasya kīrtitam" Kat.
     II Conspiracy, intrigue: upajāpaḥ
     II Of a drama: kathā (story); itivṛttam, Tārānātha.

PLOT (v.): upajapati (jap, c. 1.): v. To intrigue.

PLOTTER: v. Conspirator.

PLOUGH (subs.):
     1 halam;
     2 lāṅgalam;
     3 sīraḥ or śīraḥ (rare). The pole or shaft of a p.: īṣā or īśā; lāṅgaladaṇḍaḥ, the handle of a p. or p.tail: īṣādaṇḍaḥ; p. -head: lāṅgalamukham; p. -share:
     1 phalam;
     2 kūṭakam;
     3 nirīṣam. P. -man:
     1 halin (m.);
     2 hālikaḥ;
     3 lāṅgalin (m.); etc. P. -boy: bālahalin (m.?) etc.

PLOUGH (v.):
     1 karṣati vi- pra-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.), it was p. ed by the great Kuru: prakṛṣṭametat kuruṇā mahātmanā, Mah. ix. 53. 2.; the village headman p. s the village with five p. s: pañcabhirhalaiḥ karṣati grāmaṃ grāmaṇīḥ, M. n. on Ku. i. 2.;
     2 vāhayati saṃ-, (c. of vah), shall p. low lands where water lodges: nimnāṃ hi vāhayed bhūmiṃ yatra viśramate jalam, Pa. P. in: vāpayati (c. of vap), shall p. in yams near water: vāpayet kandāni ca jalāntike, Pa. P. up or out: halena or lāṅgalena utkarṣati or utpāṭayati (paṭ, c. 10.).

PLOVER: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ, perh. dayālaḥ (comp. Beng.).

PLUCK (v.):
     I To gather: q. v.: lunāti (, c. 5.), p. ed with her own hand: svahastalūnaḥ, Ku. iii. 61.
     II To strip off feathers: lunāti, like birds whose feathers have been p. ed: lūnapakṣāvivāṇḍajau, Mah. v. 116. 20. P. off: lunāti, P. out: utpāṭayati (paṭ, c. 10.) or samuddharati (hṛ, c. 1.). P. up (a) eradicate: unmūlayati, (b) = to gather up: samāharati.

PLUCK (subs.):
     I Lit.: hṛdyakṛdantrāṇi (n. pl.).
     II Courage, spirit: q. v.: sattvam.

PLUG (subs.): rodhanī ava- saṃ- (??).

PLUG (v.): saṃruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To stop.

PLUM: karkandhūḥ (strictly the jujube: both the tree and the fruit).

PLUMAGE:
     1 pakṣāḥ (m. pl.), seeing my golden p.: samīkṣya pakṣān mama hemajanmanaḥ, N. i. 130.;
     2 parṇāḥ (m. pl.), having beautiful p.: suparṇa (f. ṇā), Mah.

PLUMBER: sīsakāraḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

PLUMB-LINE: sīsakasūtram (?); lambasīsakam (?).

PLUME:
     I Subs.: pakṣaḥ: v. Feather.
     II Verb: ślāghate (ślāgh, c. 1.).

PLUMMET: sīsakasūtram (?); lambasīsakam (?).

PLUMP: pīvara (f. ): v. Fat, sleek.

PLUMPER: *pūrakam.

PLUMPNESS: pīvaratā: v. Fatness.

PLUMY:
     1 pakṣāvṛta (f. );
     2 sapakṣa (f. kṣā);
     3 pakṣin (f. ṇī); etc.

PLUNDER (v.):
     1 luṇṭhati vi- ava-, (luṇṭh, c. 1.), Ram. i. 4. 87.;
     2 muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.: prop. to steal), p. jewels, carry off nymphs: muṣāṇa ratnāni harāmarāṅganāḥ, Si. i. 51.;
     3 apaharati (hṛ, c. 1. = to carry off).

PLUNDER (subs.):
     1 viluṇṭhitam;
     2 loptram (= stolen goods: q. v.).

PLUNDERER:
     1 vi- luṇṭhakaḥ (?);
     2 better by verb.

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PLUNGE (v. i.):
     1 majjati ni- ava-, (masj, c. 6.), of the p. ing women: nimajjatīnām, Ki. viii. 53., half-p. d: magnāmagna (f. gnā), D. i.;
     2 avagāhate vi-, (gāh, c. 1. = to dive in), to p. in the water: payo'vagāḍhum, Ki. viii. 27.

PLUNGE (v. t.):
     1 majjayati ni- ava-, (c. of masj);
     2 gen. by majjayati etc., my mind is p. d in impenetrable darkness: andhe tamasi majjati me manaḥ, Vi. v. 22.

PLUNGE (subs.):
     1 majjanam; ni-;
     2 avagāhanam;
     3 vigāhaḥ -nam.

PLUPERFECT: no equiv.: atītabhūtakālaḥ (?).

PLURAL: bahuvacanam, this (word) is generally p.: ayaṃ prāyeṇa bahuvacanāntaḥ, S. k.; (the words) dāra lāja, and asu are (used in) the p.: dāralājāsūnāṃ bahutvam, S. k.

PLURALIST: bahuvṛttibhogin (f. : ??).

PLURALITY:
     1 anekatā;
     2 gen. by adj. aneka: v. Many.

PLUSH: vastraviśeṣaḥ.

PLY: To ply a boat: nāvaṃ vāhayati, Mah. i. 60. 67.: v. To urge, employ, practise.

PNEUMATIC: by comp., p. engine: *dravayantram.

PNEUMATICS: *dravavijñānam and sim. comp.s.

PNEUMONIA: a disease: phuṣphusadāhaḥ (?).

POACH:
     I To plunder: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.).
     II To cook eggs: no eqiv.: ardhabhrāṣṭaṃ (f. ṣṭāṃ) karoti (?).

POACHER: jāṅgalacauraḥ and sim. comp.s. (??).

POCK:
     1 raktavaṭī;
     2 raktavaraṭī.

POCKET (subs.) no equiv.: *colakoṣaḥ; jebam (vern.).

POCKET (v.):
     I Lit.: *colakoṣe nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     II Fig.: ātmasātkaroti.

POCKET-BOOK: koṣapatrikā.

POCKET-HANDKERCHIEF: *koṣaraumālam.

POD:
     1 śamī, p. ded grains (pulses): śamīdhānyam;
     2 śimbā;
     3 śimbi (f. mbī,).

POEM:
     1 kāvyam, composer of p. s: kartā kāvyānām, D.; a short p.: khaṇḍakāvyam, Sah.;
     2 kāvyaprabandhaḥ, by writing p. s: kāvyaprabandharacanena, K.;
     3 campūḥ (a p. interspersed with prose), to string it: campūṃ gumphati, Ch.: v. Poetry, verse.

POESY:
     I The art: kavitvam -tā, p. is difficult of attainment: kavitvaṃ durlabham, A p.
     II Poetry: q. v.: kavitā.

POET:
     1 kaviḥ, of that old p.: purāṇasya kavestasya, Ku.; a great p.: mahākaviḥ, Bho.;
     2 sūriḥ (rare), by the former p. s: pūrvasūribhiḥ, R.

POETASTER: perh. kavibandhuḥ; maṇḍalakaviḥ, (?), Dh. i.

POETESS:
     1 kaviḥ (f.);
     2 kāvyaracayitrī and sim. comp.s.

POETIC, -AL: by comp., p. -composition: kāvyaprabandhaḥ, K.; p. license: kaviprauḍhiḥ, M. n. on Si. xv. 44.; p. genius: kavitvam, J. or kavitvaśaktiḥ, N.

POETICALLY: kāvyaracanānusāreṇa; kavivat.

POETICS:
     1 kāvyaśāstram;
     2 kavitātattvam, versed in p.: kavitātattvavid, Bho.

POETRY:
     1 kāvyam, p. is language of sentiment: vākyaṃ rasātmakaṃ kāvyam, Sah.; those who know to write and weigh p.: kāvyaṃ kartuṃ vicārayituñca ye jānanti, Kav.;
     2 kavitā, sweetness of p.: kavitāmādhuryam, Bho.;
     3 padyam (= verse), what is in this paper, p.: kiṃ patrikāyāmidam ? padyam .., Bho.

POIGNANCY:
     1 tīvratā;
     2 ugratā;
     3 tīkṣṇatā.

POIGNANT:
     1 tīvra (f. vrā);
     2 ugra (f. grā);
     3 tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā).

POIGNANTLY:
     1 tīvram;
     2 ugram;
     3 tīkṣṇam.

POINT (subs.):
     I End: agram, with the p. of a needle: sūcyā agreṇa, Mah. v. 127. 15.
     II In geo.: binduḥ, K. d.
     III A mark: cihnam, vowel p.: *svararekhā.
     IV Exact place: sthalam: v. Place. V. A particular: viṣayaḥ or padam, p. s of dispute: vivādaviṣayaḥ or vivādapadam.
     VI Pass: to such a p.: etāvat paryantam.
     VII Eve, verge: on the p. of death: maraṇonmukha (f. khā) or mumūrṣu (mfn.); on the p. of rising: uditaprāya (f. ); on the p. of doing: kartumudyata (f. ); was on the p. of cutting off her head: śiraścikartiṣayāceṣṭata, D. vii.
     VIII Degree: padam. Highest p.: agrabhūmiḥ, Ki. xvii. 55. IX. Note, tune: svaraḥ.
     X Peculiarity: q. v.
     XI A cape: q. v.
     XII A lively turn of thought: perh. lakṣyam. Ph.: p. s of the compass: *digbhāgabindavaḥ or -mukhāni (n. pl.); to gain a p.: svārthaṃ sādhayati; from your p. of view: yathā tvayā dṛṣṭam (?).

POINT (v.):
     I To sharpen: q. v.: tīkṣṇīkaroti.
     II To aim: lakṣīkaroti.
     III To p. out: q. v.:
     IV To punctuate: q. v.

POINT OUT: darśayati pra-, (c. of dṛśa), p. ed out the man to the king: taṃ rājñe'darśayannaram, Raj. vi. 37.: v. To shew.

POINT-BLANK:
     I Adj.: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Adv.
     1 spaṣṭam;
     2 bhinnārtham.

POINTED (adj.):
     I Lit.: tīkṣṇāgra (f. grā) and sim. comp.s.: v. Sharp.
     II Fig.:
     1 marmāvidh (mfn.);
     2 aruntuda (f. ).

POINTEDLY:
     1 spaṣṭam;
     2 bhinnārtham.

POINTER:
     I Anything that points: pradeśinī (prop. the forefinger).
     II A dog: ākheṭikakukka rabhedaḥ.

POINTING (subs.):
     I Lit.: pradarśanam.
     II Punctuation: q. v.

POINTLESS:
     I Lit.: nistejas (mfn.).
     II Fig.:
     1 nistejas (mfn.);
     2 nīrasa (f. ).

POISE (v.):
     I Lit.: samīkaroti.
     II To weigh: q. v.

POISON (subs.):
     1 viṣam, minor p.: upaviṣam, Bha., p. is medicine for p.: viṣasya viṣamauṣadham, J.; checked the p. in a moment: viṣaṃ kṣaṇādastammayam, D. iv.; gave p. to Bhima: bhīmāya viṣaṃ dadau, Mah.; digested that p.: jarayāmāsa tadviṣam, V. p.;
     2 garam -lam (rare), it is p.: garametat, Mah.

POISON (v.):
     I To infect with p.: viṣeṇa dūṣayati (c. of duṣ) or miśrayati (miśra, c. 10.) or degdhi or digdhe upa-, (dih, c. 2.) or anakti abhi-, (añj, c. 7.), p. ed water: viṣadūṣitaṃ payaḥ; p. ed food: viṣadigdhamannam; by p. ing: viṣopadehāt, Ka. vii. 20-2., 16.; p. ed medicine: viṣacūrṇamiśramauṣadham, Mu. ii.
     II To give p.: viṣaṃ dadāti (, c. 3: with dat.), Mah.
     III To kill by p.: viṣeṇa hanti (han, c. 2.), etc. I will p. myself: viṣeṇātmānamutsrakṣyāmi, K.
     IV Fig.: nāśayati, (c. of naś).

POISONER:
     1 viṣadāyin (f. = giver);
     2 viṣaghātin (f. = killer).

POISONOUS:
     1 viṣa- in comp., p. tree: viṣavṛkṣaḥ, Ku. ii. 55;
     2 saviṣa (f. ṣā), "ahayaḥ saviṣāḥ", K. s.;
     3 viṣamaya (f. = full of poison, very p.). Not p.: nirviṣa (f. ṣā), K. s.

POISONOUSNESS: saviṣatā: v. Poisonous.

POKE (subs.): abhighātaḥ. Ph.: to buy a pig in a p.: perh. gṛhe hastinaṃ krīṇāti; guṇāguṇamajñātvā krīṇāti.

POKE (v.): v. To thrust, grope. To p. the fire: agnimuttejayati, (tij, c. 10.: ?).

POKER: *uttejanī.

POLAR:
     I Lit.: p. longitude of stars: nakṣatrāṇāṃ dhruvāḥ or dhruvakāḥ, Su. viii. 1.; the southern and northern p. stars: dakṣiṇottare dhruvatāre, Su. xii. 43.
     II Northern: q. v.

POLARITY: dhruvābhicāritā.

POLE:
     I A long staff: yaṣṭiḥ, golden p.: kāñcanī yaṣṭiḥ, Me.
     II Of a carriage:
     1 dhur -rā (f.);
     2 yugandharaḥ.
     III A measure: daṇḍaḥ.
     IV In ast.: dhruvaḥ -kaḥ.

POLE-AXE:
     1 paraśuḥ;
     2 paraśvadhaḥ.

POLE-CAT: gandhamārjāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

POLEMIC, -AL: vādānuvādin (f. ); vādaprativādin (f. ).

POLEMICS: dharmaviṣayako vādānuvādaḥ or vādaprativādaḥ.

POLICE: i. e. officer: oh, how neglectful the town p. have been: aho! nagararakṣiṇāṃ pramādaḥ, Mr. ix.; by the order of the chief of the p.: ārakṣikanāyakasya śāsanāt, D. ii.; p. magistrate: daṇḍanāyakaḥ, H.; p. administration report: daṇḍanirvāhavṛttāntaḥ.

POLICEMAN:
     1 rakṣin (m.);
     2 rakṣa (kṣi) kaḥ ā-.

POLICY:
     I State: nītiḥ, mere p. is cowardice: kātarya kevalā nītiḥ, R. xvii. 47.; how excellent is Chāṇakya's p.: aho vicitratā cāṇakyanīteḥ, Mu. v.
     II Plan, object: āśayaḥ.
     III Prudence, cunning: q. v.: cāturī.
     IV Of insurance: *rakṣāpatram.

POLISH (v.):
     I Lit.: tejayati (tij, c. 10.: ?); cikkaṇīkaroti (?).
     II Fig.:
     1 vinayate (, c. 1.: ?);
     2 saṃskaroti (?): v. Also to refine.

POLISH (subs.):
     I Glossiness:
     1 kāntiḥ (?);
     2 cikkaṇatā (?).
     II Finish: pariṣkāraḥ (?).
     III Refinement:
     1 saṃskāraḥ;
     2 vinayaḥ.

POLISHED (adj.):
     I Lit.: cikkaṇa (f. ṇā ?).
     II Fig.: saṃskṛta (f. ).

POLISHER: expr. by verb: v. To polish.

POLITE:
     1 vinīta (f. );
     2 śiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     3 saujanyavat (f. ). Ph.: p. literature: sāhityam.

POLITELY:
     1 savinayam;
     2 saujanyena;
     3 śiṣṭatayā.

POLITENESS:
     1 vinītatā;
     2 śiṣṭatā;
     3 saujanyam.

POLITIC: catura (f. ): v. Also prudent.

POLITICAL: p. science: nītiśāstram; p. economy: arthavijñānam; p. affairs: rājakāryāṇi; to lead a p. life: *rājakāryeṣu jīvanamativāhayati; p. institutions: rājyatantrāṇi (??).

POLITICALLY: rājatantravicāraṇāyām, and sim. comp.s. (??).

POLITICIAN:
     1 nītivid (mfn.);
     2 nītiviśārada (f. );
     3 nītikuśala (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

POLITICS: nītiḥ -śāstram, Ka.

POLITY: rājyatantram: v. Government.

POLL (subs.):
     I Head: q. v. P. -tax: puruṣasaṃkhyayā śulkam.
     II A register of persons: nāmāvaliḥ (?).
     III Vote, voting: q. v.

POLL (v.):
     I To clip, cut: q. v.: lunāti (, c. 9.).
     II To register names: nāma likhati (likh, c. 6.).
     III To elicit votes: *nāmagrāhaṃ matāmataṃ niścinīti (ci, c. 5.).

POLLARD: chinnāgro vṛkṣaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

POLLEN:
     1 parāgaḥ (best equiv.);
     2 rajas (n.);
     3 reṇuḥ.

POLLING-OFFICER: expr. by circumlo.: v. To poll (III).

POLLUTE (v. t.):
     1 dūṣayati saṃ- vi- pra-, (c. of duṣ), some animal p. d the offering: haviḥ kaścinmṛgo'dūduṣat, Say.; you are p. d, you are disgraced by the wretched Rāma: dūṣitāḥ stha paribhūtāḥ stha rāmahatakena, U.; who p. s an unwilling virgin: yo'kāmāṃ dūṣayet kanyām, M.;
     2 kalaṅkayati (= to stain);
     3 malinayati (= to befoul).

POLLUTION: dūṣaṇam saṃ-,: v. Also impurity. Ph.: nocturnal p.: svapne retaḥsekaḥ or -pātaḥ.

POLTROON: kāpuruṣaḥ: v. Coward, -ly.

POLTROONERY: kāpuruṣatā: v. Cowardice.

POLYANDRY: bahubhartṛkatā, and sim. comp.s.

POLYGAMY: bahuvivāhaḥ bahupatnīkatā, and sim. comp.s. (of a man).

POLYGLOT:
     I Adj.: bahubhāṣālikhita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Subs.: bahubhāṣāvid (mfn.: of men); bahubhāṣālikhito granthaḥ (of works).

POLYGON (subs), -AL (adj.): bahubhuja (f. ).

POLYPODE: sahasrapādaḥ.

POLYPUS: *bahupadaḥ or bahupādaḥ.

POLYSYLLABIC:
     I bahvakṣara (f. ).
     II Subs.: bahvakṣaram.

POLYTHEISM: *bahvīśvaravādaḥ; anekeśavādaḥ; bahudevaviśvāsaḥ.

POLYTHEIST: *bahvīśvaravādin (f. ); bahudevaviśvāsin (f. ).

POMADE, POMATUM: keśālepaḥ (?): v. Unguent.

POMEGRANATE: dāḍima(mba) (mf. = tree; n. = fruit). The pulp of its seed: bījam; the kernel: asthi (n.), N. xxii. 14.

POMMEL (subs.):
     I Of a saddle: vaṅkā, Si. xii. 6.
     II A knob: q. v.

POMMEL (v. t.): tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.): v. To beat.

POMP: āḍambaram, with great p.: mahadāḍambareṇa (?); śrīḥ (= magnificence).

POMPOUS:
     1 by circumlo;
     2 rociṣṇu (mfn. = splendid);
     3 śobhana (f. = beautiful);
     4 utsikta (f. ktā = inflated: of style).

POMPOUSLY:
     1 sāḍambaram (?);
     2 āḍambarapuraḥsaram (?);
     3 śobhanam (?).

POMPOUSNESS, POMPOSITY:
     1 saśrīkatā (?);
     2 aiśvaryam (?).

POND:
     1 taḍāgaḥ;
     2 jalāśayaḥ;
     3 kāsāraḥ (rare): v. Tank.

PONDER (v.): dhyāyati anu-, (dhyai, c. 1.), seeing Arjuna p. ing: dhyāyantamarjunaṃ dṛṣṭvā, Mah. iii. 27. 27.: v. To think, consider.

PONDEROUS:
     I Very heavy: atiguru (f. rvī), etc.
     II Of style: kliṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

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PONIARD: churikā: v. Dagger.

PONTIFF: *dharmeśaḥ; pradhānadharmācāryaḥ.

PONTIFIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or gen.

PONTIFICALS: *dharmeśaveṣaḥ -paricchadaḥ., etc.

PONTIFICATE: *dharmeśatā -tvam, etc.

PONTOON: *plavaḥ, p. bridge: *plavasetuḥ.

PONY: kṣudraghoṭakaḥ: v. Horse.

POOL:
     I Of water: palvalam: v. Pond.
     II In play: glahaḥ.

POOP: (*nāvaḥ) pṛṣṭhaśiras (n.).

POOR:
     I Indigent:
     1 daridra (f. drā);
     2 nirdhana (f. = without money) and sim. comp.s., a p. man wishes for hundred (pieces): niḥsvo vaṣṭi śatam, J.; p. life: dhanahīnajīvitam, J.;
     3 akiñcana (f. = without anything).
     II Wretched, to be pitied:
     1 dīna (f. ), very poor state: daśā sudīnā, Ku. xiii. 36.;
     2 varāka (f. ) (rare), for (my) p. Sitā: sītāṃ varākīṃ prati, Vi. v. 22.
     III Inferior, bad: q. v.
     IV Of soil:
     1 nirguṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 asāra (f. ).

POORHOUSE: daridraśālā and sim. comp.s.

POOR-LAWS: *daridraviṣayā vidhayaḥ and sim. comp.s.

POORLY (adv.):
     I Like a poor man: daridravat.
     II Wretchedly, p. dressed: dīnaveśa (f. śā): v. Also meanly.
     III Very little: atyalpam.

POORLY (adj.): asustha (f. sthā): v. Unwell.

POORNESS: dāridryam: v. Poverty.

POOR-SPIRITED:
     1 kṣudramanas (mfn.);
     2 alpasattva (f. ttvā).

POP (subs.):
     1 perh. phutkāraḥ;
     2 paṭśabdaḥ (??).

POP (v.):
     I To make a p.: expr. by subs.
     II Start forth: nirgamayati (c. of gam).

POPE: romakadharmeśvaraḥ; *pīpaḥ.

POPEDOM: *popatvam: v. Papacy.

POPERY: *popadharmaḥ.

POPINJAY:
     I A parrot: śukaḥ.
     II A coxcomb: q. v.

POPISH: *popīyaḥ (yā yaṃ); expr. by gen. or comp.

POPLAR: *paipalaḥ; vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

POPPY: khasatilaḥ, p. -seeds: khasabījāni or khasatilāḥ, Bha.; p. -juice: khasaphalakṣīram, Bha.

POPULACE: prajāḥ (f. pl.): v. People, multitude.

POPULAR:
     I Pertaining to or prevailing among the people:
     1 by comp., hearing p. rumours: lokavādaśravaṇāt, R. xiv. 61.;
     2 laukika (f. ), p. instruction: laukikī śikṣā: v. People.
     II In general favour:
     1 lokapriya (f. );
     2 janapriya (f. ); and sim. comp.s.
     III Vulgar, common: q. v.: sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī).

POPULARITY:
     1 lokapriyatā; and sim. comp. s;
     2 sometimes by janānurāgaḥ and sim. comp.s. = people's love).

POPULARLY:
     I Commonly: loke (= among the people).
     II To please: lokarañjanārtham and sim. comp.s.

POPULATE:
     1 sajanīkaroti (?);
     2 janaiḥ pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.: ?).

POPULOUS:
     1 janākīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 janapūrṇa (f. rṇā);
     3 bahuloka (f. );
     4 janasaṃkula (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

POPULOUSNESS:
     1 janākīrṇatā;
     2 bahulokatā; etc.

PORCELAIN: no equiv.: cīnakaulālakam.

PORCH: alindaḥ (?), "agniśaraṇālindaḥ", Sa. v.

PORCINE:
     1 vārāhaḥ (hī haṃ);
     2 śaukaraḥ (rī raṃ), Ki. xii. 53.

PORCUPINE:
     1 śalyaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 śvāvidh (m.). Its quill or spine: śala or śalala (mn.).

PORE (subs.):
     I Of the skin:
     1 ro(lo)makūpaḥ;
     2 lo(ro)marandhram.
     II In gen.: randhram, through p. s: randhraiḥ, Vi. v. 2.

PORE (v.): sāgraham adhīte (ī, c. 2.): v. To study.

PORK:
     1 śūkaramāṃsam;
     2 varāhāmiṣam; etc.; who eat p. with garlic: ye vārāhaṃ māṃsaṃ gṛñjanena khādanti, Mah.

PORKER: śūkaraḥ: v. Hog.

POROUS:
     1 randhraviśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 randhrabahula (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

POROUSNESS, POROSITY:
     1 randhraviśiṣṭatā;
     2 randhrabahulatā; etc.

PORPHYRY: śilāviśeṣaḥ.

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PORPOISE:
     1 śiśukaḥ;
     2 śiśumāraḥ.

PORRIDGE: perh. yūṣam: v. Soup.

PORRINGER: yūṣapātram (?): v. Plate.

PORT:
     I Harbour: *kroḍaḥ.
     II Bearing, gesture: ceṣṭā.
     III A wine: *pūrtam; madirāviśeṣaḥ.

PORTABLE:
     1 bahanīya (f. ), p. things: vahanīyaṃ dravyam, Mit.;
     2 lavu (f. ghvī = light).

PORTAL: dvāram: v. Gate.

PORTCULLIS: *dvārarodhanī.

PORTE: turuṣkāṇāṃ mahārājaḥ.

PORTENT: utpātaḥ, "dire p. s" appeared (foreboding) Rāvaṇa's ruin: rāvaṇasya vināśāyotpātā dāruṇāḥ samutpatetuḥ, Ram. vi. 90. 18.: v. Also omen.

PORTENTOUS: autpātika (f. );
     2 utpātaśaṃsin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PORTENTOUSLY: utpātaṃ śaṃsat (f. ntī) and sim. comp.s.

PORTER:
     I Gate-keeper: q. v.: dvārapālaḥ.
     II Carrier: bhāravāhaḥ. and sim. comp.s.
     III A wine: surāviśeṣaḥ.

PORTERAGE: bhāravāhamūlyam.

PORTFOLIO:
     I Lit.: *patrapustam.
     II Fig.: adhikāraḥ: v. Office (II).

PORTICO: niṣkāśaḥ; "harmyādibhittiṣu nirgatamaspṛṣṭabhūmikamupaveśanasthānam", Mit.

PORTION (subs.):
     I Part: q. v.: aṃśaḥ.
     II Of a wife: yautukam: v. Dower.

PORTION (v.):
     I To divide, distribute: q. v.: vaṇṭayati (vaṇṭ, c. 10.).
     II To endow: saudāyikaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with dat).

PORTLINESS: sthūlakāyatvam: v. Fatness, corpulence.

PORTLY: sthūlakāya (f. ): v. Fat, corpulent.

PORTMANTEAU: carmapeṭikā (??) and sim. comp.s.

PORTRAIT: ālekhyam, the p. of a young lady: ālekhyagatā yuvatiḥ, D. vi.: v. Painting. P. statue: pratimā (= image).

PORTRAIT-PAINTING: pratikṛtiracanā, R. xviii. 53.: v. To paint.

PORTRAITURE:
     I Portrait: q. v.: jīvacitram, Si. iii. 46.
     II Portrait-painting: expr. by circumlo.
     III Fig.: anukṛtiḥ.

PORTRAY:
     I To draw, paint: q. v.: ālikhati (likh, c. 6.).
     II To depict, describe: q. v.: varṇayati.

PORTRESS, PORTERESS:
     1 dauvārikī;
     2 pratihārī.

POSE:
     I Subs.: v. Posture.
     II Verb: stannāti (stambh, c. 9.).

POSITION:
     I Site, situation: q. v.: saṃsthitiḥ.
     II State, condition: q. v.: avasthā.
     III Posture: q. v.: sthitiḥ.
     IV Proposition: q. v.: pratijñā.

POSITIVE:
     I Explicit, clear: q. v.: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Real, actual: q. v.: yathārtha (f. rthā).
     III Confident: expr. by dṛḍhaṃ or niścitaṃ manyate (man, c. 4.).
     IV Of laws: perh. vihita (f. ): v. Opposed to negative: niyata (f. ).
     VI In Alg., Gram: not expr.

POSITIVELY:
     I Explicitly, clearly: q. v.: spaṣṭam.
     II Certainly, indubitably: q. v.: niścitam.
     III Absolutely: niyatam.
     IV Really: yathārthataḥ.

POSITIVENESS:
     I Actualness: yathārthatā.
     II Certainty, confidence: q. v.: niścayaḥ.

POSSESS:
     I o have: q. v.: p. ing much wealth: bahudhana (f. ): v. Having, endowed with.
     II To control the will of: āviśati (viś, c. 6.), p. ed by a devil: bhūtāviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), K. III. To occupy the mind: adhikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     IV To inform: q. v.

POSSESSION:
     I In law: bhogaḥ sambhogaḥ paribhogaḥ, (rarely) bhuktiḥ (= enjoyment), p. with title of long standing, without interruption, without dispute: sāgamo dīrghakālo nirantaro nirākrośo bhogaḥ, Mi. on Y. ii. 28.; p. is a proof of ownership: bhogasya svatve prāmāṇyam, Mi.; adhikāraḥ (?). To take p. of:
     1 adhikaroti (?);
     2 gṛhṇāti pari- (grah, c. 9.), another crocodile has taken p. of your house: tvadīyaṃ gṛhamapareṇa makareṇa gṛhītam, P. iv. 9.
     II That which is possessed:
     1 bhuktiḥ;
     2 by circumlo.
     III By evil spirits: āveśaḥ.

POSSESSIVE: Ph.: p. case: sambandhaḥ; p. ly: sambandhadyotanāya (?).

POSSESSOR: expr. by comp. or verb: v. To possess.

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POSSIBILITY:
     1 śakyatā;
     2 sādhyatā: for dif.: v. Impossible: v. Also possible.

POSSIBLE:
     1 śakya (f. kyā), should distinguish the p. from the im-p.: śakyāśakyaparicchedaṃ kuryāt, Ka. xi. 33.;
     2 sādhya (f. dhyā): v. Im-p. To be p.: sambhavati (bhū, c. 1. may be, may happen). As far as p.: yāvacchaktitaḥ (with all might). Every p. means: sarvopāyāḥ.

POSSIBLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by śakyate (pass. of śak), what can p. be known: yat jñātuṃ śakyate.
     II Perhaps, probably: q. v.:
     1 sambhavataḥ;
     2 sambhāvayāmi etc. (= I think).

POST (subs.):
     I Of timber etc.:
     1 stambhaḥ (= pillar);
     2 yaṣṭiḥ (= pile). P. for tying elephant: ālānam.
     II Military: gulmasthānam, Mu. v.
     III Place: q. v.: sthānam: v. Also office.
     IV The letter-p. *patravāhaḥ.

POST (v.):
     I To affix: āsaṃjayati (c. of saṃj).
     II To place: sthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To put.
     III To put in the mail: *patravāhe dadāti (, c. 3.).
     IV Of accounts: patrikāyāṃ samāveśayati (c. of viś: ?).
     V To travel with p. horses: *rāṣṭrayānena gacchati.
     VI To p. over, travel with speed: javena or kṣipraṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), Ram.
     VII To p. up, acquaint: avabodhayati (c. of budh.: p. off put off): q. v.: ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

POSTAGE: *patravāhakaśulkam or sim. vāhaśulkam.

POSTBOY: jaṅghākarikaḥ (foot-), D. ii., *aśvakarikaḥ (horse).

POST-CHAISE: *rāṣṭrayānam.

POST-DATE: paraṃ kālaṃ likhati (likh, c. 6.) or niveśayati (c. of viś) (with loc.: ?).

POSTERIOR (adj.):
     1 gen. with paścāt;
     2 paścātkālīna (f. : of p. time);
     3 rarely avācya (f. cyā) or arvācīna (f. ).

POSTERIORS (subs.):
     1 paścādbhāgaḥ;
     2 paścāddeśaḥ;
     3 nitambaḥ.

POSTERITY:
     1 perh. pare (m. pl.: Vi. has pūrve for ancestors);
     2 santati: v. Offspring;
     3 putrapautrādikam (= children etc.).

POSTERN:
     1 pakṣadvāram;
     2 kṣudradvāram (?).

POST-HASTE:
     1 javena;
     2 kṣipram;
     3 javanam.

POSTHUMOUS:
     I Lit.: pitrantarajāta (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Of works: letrakamṛtyoḥ paraṃ prakāśita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

POSTILLION: v. Postboy.

POSTMAN:
     1 patravāhaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 lekhahārakaḥ. In modern sense, better use: *patravāhapuruṣaḥ and sim. comp.s.

POSTMASTER: *patravāhanāyakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

POST-OFFICE: *patravāhaśaraṇam; patravāhakulam; etc.

POSTPONE: ākṣipati (kṣip, c 6.), vi-: v. To put off.

POSTPONEMENT:
     1 vyākṣepaḥ;
     2 vilambaḥ (= delay).

POSTCRIPT: *anulekhaḥ; nimnalekhaḥ.

POSTULATE:
     I To assume: parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.).
     II To solicit: q. v.

POSTURE:
     1 saṃsthānam saṃsthitiḥ or saṃsthitam "ekaṃ pādamathaikasmin vinyasyorau tu saṃsthitam | itarasmin tathaivoruṃ vīrāsanamudāhṛtam ||" M. n.;
     2 bandhaḥ (of some p. s.) Ku. iii. 45.;
     3 sometimes not expr.: in a sitting p.: āsīna (f. ): v. Also gesture.

POSY: i. e. nosegay: q. v.: kusumastavakaḥ.

POT (subs.):
     1 ghaṭaḥ;
     2 kalaśaḥ (saḥ -sī larger);
     3 kṛmbhaḥ -mbhī (rare).

POT (v.): ghaṭe sañcinoti (ci, c. 5.), Ve. iii.

POTABLE: peya (f. ): v. Drinkable.

POTASH:
     1 yavakṣāraḥ;
     2 sarjiḥ -kā.

POTATO: *golāluḥ, sweet p.: raktāluḥ, Bha.

POT-BELLIED:
     1 lambodara (f. );
     2 tundila (f. );
     3 piciṇḍila (f. ).

POT-BOY: bhāṇḍavāhaḥ -kaḥ (?); bhāṇḍaharaḥ -hārakaḥ (?).

POT-COMPANION: pānagoṣṭhīsuhad and sim. comp.s.

POTENCY: śaktiḥ,: v. Efficacy.

POTENT: vīryavat (f. ): v. Also efficacious.

POTENTATE: adhipatiḥ: v. King, sovereign.

POTENTIAL: p. mood: vidhiliṅ: v. Grammar.

POT-HERB:
     1 śāka (mn.);
     2 śi(si)gruḥ (rare).

POT-HOUSE:
     1 śuṇḍā -layaḥ;
     2 śuṇḍāpānam;
     3 śauṇḍikāpaṇaḥ.

POTION: gen. expr. by auṣadham or agadaḥ (= medicine), H. 29.

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POTSHERD: ghaṭaśakalam and sim. comp.s.: v. Pot, piece.

POTTAGE: yū(jū)ṣa (mn.), Bha.

POTTER:
     1 kumbhakāraḥ;
     2 kulālaḥ, P.'s wheel: -cakram.

POTTERY:
     I The place: kulālagṛham and sim. comp.s.
     II Earthen-ware: q. v.: kaulālakam.

POUCH:
     I Lit.: bhastrā.
     II The belly: lambodaram.

POULTERER: gṛhaśakunivikretṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp.s.

POULTRY: gṛhapālitāḥ khādyapakṣiṇaḥ.

POULTICE:
     I Subs: upanāhaḥ.
     II Verb: upanāhaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with loc.).

POUNCE:
     I Subs.: masīśoṣaṇacūrṇam.
     II Verb: p. on or upon: avapatya gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.); p. ing of a hawk: śyenāvapātaḥ.

POUND (subs.):
     I The weight: *ardhaseraḥ.
     II Gold-coin: subarṇaḥ -mudrā (?).
     III For cattle: avarodhaḥ -rśālā (??).

POUND (v.):
     I To pulverize:
     1 cūrṇayati saṃ- pari-, (cūrṇ, c. 10.);
     2 cūrṇīkaroti: v. Also to grind, crush.
     II To impound: ruṇaddhi ava-, (rudh, c. 7.).

POUNDAGE: expr. śatakaṃ deyam.

POUNDER:
     I A pestle: musa(ṣa)lam.
     II Of persons, etc.: by comp., ten p.: daśasuvarṇakaḥ (after śatī of J.).

POUR (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pātayati ni-, (c. of pat = to fall), water was p. ed on his head: tasyāpatanmūrdhni jalāni, R. xiv. 8.;
     2 dadāti (, c. 3 with loc. = to give, put: q. v.);
     3 siñcati ni-, (sic, c. 6. = to water, sprinkle).
     II To p. forth;
     1 muñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. To discharge;
     2 varṣati (vṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To shower.
     III To p. out, i. e. emit, send forth: q. v.: visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.).
     IV To utter: q. v.: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.).

POUR (v. i.):
     I To flow: q. v.: sravati (sru, c. 1.).
     II Of the rain: it is p. ing: dhārā javena patanti, Mr. v.
     III To come in: samāpatati (pat, c. 1.).

POUT:
     I Subs.: krodhāveśaḥ.
     II Verb: oṣṭhau prasārayati (c. of sṛ) or darśayati (c. of dṛśa).

POVERTY:
     I Lit.:
     1 dāridryam or daridratā, p. -stricken: dāridryopahata (f. ); p. is unending misery: dāridrpamanantakaṃ duḥkham, Mr. i.; everybody seems to be in p.: sarva eva daridrati, H. ii. 2;
     2 nirdhanatā, etc.: v. Poor;
     3 dainyam (= wretchedness).
     II Meagreness, want: q. v.: hīnatā.

POWDER (v.):
     I To reduce to p.:
     1 cūrṇīkaroti;
     2 cūrṇayati (cūrṇ, c. 10.);
     3 lavaśaḥ karoti.
     II To sprinkle with p., as the hair: cūrṇa dadāti (, c. 3.: with loc.).

POWDER (subs.):
     1 cūrṇam, clouds reduced to p.: cūrṇībhavanto ghanāḥ,
     V i. 4.;
     2 piṣṭam, it was (like) grinding p.: tadeṣa pipeṣa piṣṭam, N. xiii. 19.;
     3 kṣodaḥ (rare).

POWDERY:
     I Dusty: q. v.: pāṃśula (f. ).
     II Powder-like:
     1 cūrṇāma (f. bhā);
     2 kṣodadyut (mfn.: rare); and sim. comp.s.

POWER:
     I Strength:
     1 śaktiḥ, my p. is failing in a fight with an inferior: śaktirmamāvasyati hīnayuddhe, Ki. xvi. 17.;
     2 prabhāvaḥ (as disclosed in effect), excelling the gods and demons in p.: atiśayitasurāsuraprabhāva (f. ), U. v. 4.;
     3 vīryam (= strength), triumphant p.: vijayi vīryam, Vi. i. 8.;
     4 balam: v. Force;
     5 sāmarthyam (rare), Vi.
     II Ability:
     1 śaktiḥ, p. of procreation: prajananaśaktiḥ;
     2 sāmarthyam;
     3 kṣamatā.
     III Influence:
     1 prabhutvam -tā, as they had no p. they could not extricate him from the misfortune: na śekatustamaprabhutvāduttārayitumāpadaḥ, D. i.; p. is founded on money: prabhutvaṃ dhanamūlaṃ hi, H.;
     2 prabhāvaḥ, through my p.: matprabhāvāt, Mah. To have p. over: prabhavati (bhū, c. 1.: with loc.), K. To be in one's p.: expr. by adj.: v. Able, to defend. As far as lies in one's power: yāvacchaktitaḥ, K.
     IV In Alg.: ghātaḥ. V. Forces: balam.
     VI A spirit: q. v.

POWERFUL:
     I Strong: q. v.: balavat (f. ).
     II Having great power:
     1 prabala (f. );
     2 vikrānta (f. ntā);
     3 parākrānta (f. ntā);
     4 vīryavat (f. );
     5 ūrjasvala (f. ); etc.
     III Effacacious:
     1 vīryavat, as in very p. medicine: ativīryavatīva bheṣaje, Ki. ii. 4.;
     2 sāmarthyavat (f. : rare), M. n.

POWERFULLY:
     1 balavat;
     2 prabalam (?);
     3 sabalam (?).

POWERLESS:
     1 nirbala (f. );
     2 balahīna (f. ):
     3 asamartha (f. rthā);
     4 niṣprabhāva (f. ); etc.: v. Also vain.

POX: small p.: śītalā or visphoṭakaḥ; cow-p.: govasantaḥ (?).

PRACTICABILITY: sādhyatā: v. Also possibility.

PRACTICABLE: sādhya (f. dhyā): v. Also possible.

PRACTICAL:
     I Not theoretical:
     1 vyavahārika (f. );
     2 better by circumlo., without sufficient p. knowledge: karmasvapariniṣṭhitaḥ, Sr. i. 3. ; v. Use.
     II Of men:
     1 vyavahārakuśala (f. ), D. vi.;
     2 by circumlo.
     III Relating to life and practice: p. rules: vyavahāraniyamāvaliḥ (?); p. life: laukikajīvanam (?).

PRACTICALLY:
     I Lit.: expr. with vyavahāraḥ.: v. Use.
     II Not nominally:
     1 kāryataḥ;
     2 karmataḥ.

PRACTICE (subs.):
     I Customary actions:
     1 abhyāsaḥ, from great p.: atyābhyāsāt, Mah. i. 130. 22. com.;
     2 khuralī (military: rare), who has had p. in the use of arms: astraprayogakhuralī, Vi. ii. 34.;
     3 śikṣā (= learning), gifted with use and p.: prayogaśikṣāguṇabhūṣaṇeṣu, Ki. xvi. 6.;
     4 anugrahaṇam (?), Mah. i. 130. 24.
     5 yogyā (medical or military), to train up in p.: yogyāṃ kārayati, Sr. i. 9.
     II Custom: q. v.: ācāraḥ.
     III Habitually doing:
     1 kriyāprabandhaḥ, R. vi. 23.;
     2 anuṣṭhānasātatyam, M. n.; and sim. comp.s.
     IV Use, action: q. v.: vyavahāraḥ. Ph.: consummation of bad p. s: duṣkarmaṇāṃ paripākaḥ, Vi.
     V Exercise of any profession: expr. by circumlo., the doctor has great p.: *bahubhirāhūyate vaidyaḥ.
     VI Stratagem: kauśalam.

PRACTISE (v.):
     I To perform frequently:
     1 abhyasyati (as, c. 4.), as if p. ing peculiar restrained breathing: apūrvaprāṇāyāmamivābhyasyantam, K.;
     2 abhyāsaṃ karoti (with gen.);
     3 śikṣate (= to learn: q. v.);
     4 paricayaṃ karoti, should p. (the use of) instruments: yantrāṇāṃ paricayaḥ kāryaḥ, Sr. 48. P. ed:
     1 by subs.: v. Practice;
     2 abhijña (f. jñā): v. Conversant.
     II To do habitually: q. v.: nityaṃ karoti and sim. comp.s.
     III To carry on: what calling do you p.sir?: kāṃ vṛttimupajīvatyāryaḥ, Mr. ii.; I will p. here: *atra vyavahāramanujīvāmi.
     IV To try artifices: kauśalaṃ karoti.

PRACTITIONER: medical p.: vaidyaḥ: v. Physician; legal p.: *vyavahārājīvaḥ.

PRAETOR: a Roman officer: *agragaḥ.

PRAETORIAN: expr. by comp. or gen.

PRAGMATIC: Ph.: p. sanction: sārvalaukikaśāsanam (?).

PRAGMATICAL, -LY: v. Officious, -ly.

PRAIRIE: nirvṛkṣakṣetram and sim. comp.s.

PRAISE (subs.):
     1 praśaṃsā, some sang hymns containing p. s.: kecita praśaṃsāmālīḍhāni sāmāni jaguḥ, C.;
     2 stutiḥ or stavaḥ -saṃ-; p. s. of Rāma: rāmābhiṣṭavaḥ, Rām.: v. Eulogy;
     3 nutiḥ (rare).

PRAISE (subs.):
     1 praśaṃsati abhi-, (śaṃs, c. 1.), cheerfully p. ing the boy from all sides: abhitaḥ praśasya mudā kumāeram, Ku. xiii. 20.;
     2 stauti or stavīti saṃ- abhi- pari-, (stu, c. 2.:) gen. of superiors);
     3 nauti pra- abhi-, (nu, c. 2.), p. d. the couple: tanmiyunaṃ nunāva, Ku. vii. 90.;
     4 kīrtayati: v. To celebrate;
     5 gāyati: v. To sing.

PRAISER:
     1 praśaṃsaka (f. sikā);
     2 better by verb.

PRAISEWORTHILY: expr. by adj., comp. or circumlo.

PRAISEWORTHY:
     1 praśasya (f. syā);
     2 praśasta (f. stā);
     3 praśaṃsanīya (f. );
     4 praśaṃsārha (f. rhā and sim. comp.s.

PRANCE (v.): plavate (plu, c. 1.: ?).

PRANK (subs.): krīḍā: v. Play, frolic.

PRANK (v.): vibhūṣayati (bhūṣ, c. 10.): v. To adorn.

PRATE: jalpati (jalp, c. 1.): v. To babble.

PRATER:
     1 jalpāka (f. ;)
     2 vācāla (f. );
     3 vācāṭa (f. ṭā).

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PRATINGLY: expr. by adj. or present part.

PRATTLE:
     I Verbs.: jalpati: v. To babble.
     II Subs.: jalpitam: v. Babble.

PRATTLER: jalpāka (f. ): v. Babble.

PRAVITY: expr. by adj.,: p. of nature: naṣṭasvabhāvaḥ: v. Corrupt, depraved.

PRAWN: iñcākaḥ.

PRAY:
     I To a deity: stavīti or stauti (stu, c. 2.), p. ed the goddess in mind: astuvan manasā devīm, Mah. iv. 6. 1.: the king with his brothers, desirous of a view, again began to p. with various formulas of p. er, invoking the goddess: stotuṃ pracakrame bhūyo vividhaiḥ stotrasambhavaiḥ | āmantrya darśanākāṅkṣī rājā devīṃ sahānujaḥ||
     II To entreat, supplicate: q. v.: yācate (yāc, c. 1.).

PRAYER:
     I To a deity:
     1 stavaḥ;
     2 stotram: v. To pray;
     3 stutiḥ (rare), this p. was addressed by the son of Indra: stutiriti jagade hareḥ sūnunā, Ki. xviii. 21.
     II Entreaty, supplication: q. v.: yācñā. Ph.: one who grants p. s (of deities): varada (f. ) Mah. iv. 6. 7.

PRAYER-BOOK: stotrasaṃhitā and sim. comp.s.

PRAYERFUL: expr. by circumlo: v. Devotional, pious.

PRAYERLESS:
     1 vinā stavena;
     2 stutimakṛtvā; etc.: v. Without.

PREACH:
     1 (dharmaṃ) pravakti (vac, c. 2.: ?);
     2 udghoṣayati (ghuṣ, c. 10. = to proclaim: q. v.);
     3 udīrayati (īr, c. 10. = to utter: q. v.).

PREACHER:
     1 dharmapravaktṛ (f. trī: ?);
     2 dharmaśāsaka (f. sikā ?).

PREACHING:
     I Subs.: dharmaśāsanam and sim. comp.s.
     II Adj.: v. Preacher.

PREAMBLE: prastāvanā: v. Also preface.

PREBEND (subs.): vṛttiḥ (= gen. term).

PREBENDARY: dharmopāsakaḥ (?). P. -ship: dharmopāsakatā (?).

PRECARIOUS:
     1 aniścita (f. ): v. Uncertain;
     2 saṃdigdha (f. gdhā): v. Doubtful.

PRECARIOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PRECAUTION: he took no p. to avoid the calamity: tāmāpadaṃ parihartuṃ sa kamapyupāyaṃ pūrvaṃ nāvalalambe.

PRECAUTIONARY: expr. by circumlo: v. Above.

PRECEDE: expr. by words meaning before, p.-ing, first, Kālidāsa p. d Bhavabhūti: *bhavabhūteḥ pūrvaṃ babhūva kālidāsaḥ; he p. s me: *mamāgragaḥ saḥ; flowers p. fruits: udeti pūrvaṃ kusumaṃ tataḥ phalam, Sa. vii. 30.

PRECEDENCE:
     I Lit.: expr. as above: pūrvavartitā, p. of cause as regards effect: kāryaṃ prati kāraṇasya pūrvavartitā, Par.
     II Superior rank:
     1 prādhānyam;
     2 agrasthānam and sim. comp.s.

PRECEDENT: in law: perh. vyavasthā.

PRECEDING (adj.):
     1 atikrānta (f. ntā), in the p. section: atikrānte pāde, S. iii. 2.; the merits of the preceding kings: atikrāntapārthivaguṇān, Mu. i.;
     2 agraga (f. );
     3 pūrvavartin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.: v. Also former, past.

PRECENTOR:
     1 gāyakāgraṇī;
     2 mukhyagāyakaḥ.

PRECEPT: niyogaḥ: v. Order, instruction.

PRECEPTIVE:
     I Containing precepts: niyogagarbha (f. rbhā).
     II Of the nature of p. s: expr. by subs.

PRECEPTOR: guruḥ: v. Teacher.

PRECEPTRESS:
     1 upādhyāyā upādhyāyī;
     2 adhyāpikā.

PRECESSION: of the equinoxes:
     1 ayanacalanam, Go. vi. 18.;
     2 krāntipātagatiḥ, com.

PRECINCT: sīman (m.) or sīmā: v. Boundary, limit. Within the p. s of: sīmāntavartin (f. ), J.

PRECIOUS:
     I Lit.:
     1 mahārha (f. rhā), p. bed: mahārhaśayyā, Ki.;
     2 bahumūlya (f. lyā);
     3 mahārgha (f. rghā). P. stone: upalaratnam, V. m. 80. 2.; mahārhopalam: v. Gem.
     II Fig.: amūlya (f. lyā) and sim. comp.s.

PRECIOUSNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 mahārhatā;
     2 bahumūlyatā.
     II Fig.: amūlyatā.

PRECIPICE:
     1 prapātaḥ;
     2 ataṭaḥ;
     3 bhṛguḥ, D.

PRECIPITANCY, PRECIPITATION: kṣiprakāritā: v. Hastiness.

PRECIPITATE (v.):
     I To throw headlong: adhaḥ kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. Also to fall.
     II Hasten: tvarayati (c. of tvar).

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PRECIPITATE (adj.):
     I Rash, hasty: q. v.: kṣiprakārin (f. ṇī).
     II Headlong: q. v.: avāṅmukha (f. khī).

PRECIPITATELY:
     I Hastily: avimṛśya or asamīkṣya.
     II Headlong: q. v.

PRECIPITOUS:
     I Steep: avasarpin (f. ṇī);
     2 pātuka (f. ).
     II Precipitate: q. v.

PRECIPITOUSNESS:
     I Lit.: pātukatā; better by adj.
     II Rashness: q. v.: kṣiprakāritā.

PRECISE:
     I Exact:
     1 śuddha (f. ddhā = correct);
     2 yathārtha (f. rthā = actual);
     3 suniścita (f. = well-ascertained);
     4 sthira (f. = fixed).
     II Punctilious: q. v.

PRECISELY:
     1 yathārthataḥ (= actually);
     2 niyatam (= certainly: q. v.).

PRECISENESS, PRECISION:
     I Exactness:
     1 viśuddhatā (= accuracy);
     2 yathārthatā (= actuality);
     3 sthiratā (= fixedness).
     II Punctiliousness: q. v.

PRECLUDE: pratiṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.): v. To prevent.

PRECOCIOUS:
     1 akālapariṇata (f. );
     2 akālaprauḍha (f. ḍhā: fig.).

PRECOCITY:
     1 akālapariṇatiḥ;
     2 akālaprauḍhatā (fig.);
     3 by circumlo.

PRECONCEIVED:
     1 pūrvakalpita (f. );
     2 pūrvasambhāvita (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

PRECONCEPTION:
     1 pūrvakalpanā;
     2 pūrvabhāvanā;
     3 pūrvabuddhiḥ.

PRECONCERTED:
     1 pūrvanirddhārita (f. );
     2 pūrvamantrita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PRECURSOR: pūrvacihnam: v. Also harbinger, forerunner.

PRECURSORY: p. symptoms: pūrvalakṣaṇam: v. To forebode.

PREDATORY:
     1 dasyuvṛttiḥ (mfn.: of men);
     2 lubdhaka (f. ).

PREDECESSOR:
     1 expr. by atikrānta (f. ntā) (rājā etc.): v. Preceding;
     2 pūrvastha (f. sthā) with a subs.

PREDESTINARIAN:
     1 daiṣṭikaḥ;
     2 daivapramāṇakaḥ, M. n.

PREDESTINATION:
     I The act.: expr. by circumlo.
     II The theory:
     1 daiṣṭikatā;
     2 often by daivam (= fate): q. v.

PREDESTINATE, PREDESTINE: expr. by circumlo., how could you so cruelly p. my separation from my beloved: kathaṃ viyokṣyase vallabhayeti nirgatā lipirlalāṭantapaniṣṭhurākṣarā, N. i. 138.

PREDETERMINE: pūrvaṃ niścinoti (ci, c. 5.): v. To determine.

PREDICABLE: expr. by circumlo.: v. To predicate.

PREDICAMENT:
     I Logical: padārthaḥ, Par.
     II Condition: q. v.: daśā.

PREDICATE:
     I Subs.:
     1 vidheyam, Kav.;
     2 viśeṣaṇam, M. n. on si. i. 48.
     II Verb: perh. anuvadati (vad, c. 1.: anuvādya = subject, Kav.); uddiśya vadati (vad, c. 1.) or vakti (vac, c. 2.),

PREDICT:
     I To foretell: I. p. ed his death: tasya maraṇaṃ mayā pūrvameva kathitam: v. To tell, before.
     II To forbode: q. v.

PREDICTION: uktiḥ (= saying: exact sense from context).

PREDILECTION: pakṣapātaḥ: v. Liking, partiality.

PREDISPOSE: pravartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To induce.

PREDISPOSITION: bhāvaḥ: v. Inclination.

PREDOMINANCE:
     1 prabalatā;
     2 prabhutvam (= dominion);
     3 ādhikyam (in number).

PREDOMINANT
     1 prabala (f. );
     2 prabhaviṣṇu (mfn.: in power).

PREDOMINATE: expr. by adj., with a p. ing force: prabhūtabalena: v. Also to excel.

PRE-EMINENCE:
     1 sarvaśreṣṭha
     2 sarvotkṛṣṭatā; etc.

PRE-EMINENT:
     1 sarvaśreṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 sarvotkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     3 sarvapradhāna (f. );
     4 agragaṇya (f. ṇyā): v. Excellent.

PRE-EMINENTLY:
     1 sarvāpekṣayā;
     2 sarvādhikam;
     3 paramam.

PRE-ENGAGEMENT:
     1 pūrvapratiśrutam -tiḥ (or śravaḥ ?); (2)pūrvasamayaḥ (?).

PRE-EXIST: pūrvam asti: v. To exist, before.

PRE-EXISTENCE:
     1 pūrvabhūtiḥ (?);
     2 pūrvasattvam;
     3 better by verb.

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PREFACE (subs.): mukhabandhaḥ. N. B. vijñāpanam and upakramaṇikā used by modern writers. S. p. b. has bhūmikā.

PREFACE (v.): expr. by subs, he has p. d it with an essay on poetry: *mukhabandhe kāvyaviṣayakaḥ prabandho niveśitaḥ.

PREFATORY: expr. by subs.: v. Preface.

PREFECT: nāyakaḥ (?), p. of the city guard: nagararakṣināyakaḥ (?).

PREFECTURE: nāyakatā -tvam (?: the office); nāyakādhikāraḥ (?: the jurisdiction).

PREFER:
     I To offer, address: to p. a charge: abhiyogaṃ karoti or nivedayati (= to inform).
     II To advance, raise: q. v.: unnamayati (c. of nam), p. your friends: unnamaya svabandhuvargam, Ki.
     III To regard more: bahu (much) or adhikam (more) manyate (man, c. 4.): v. Also to excel.
     IV To like more: adhikaṃ rocate (ruc, c. 1.: with dat. of the person): v. Also better.

PREDERABLE: expr. with varam, a forest is p. to a life of poverty among friends: varaṃ vanaṃ......na bandhumadhye dhanahīnajīvitam, H.: v. Better (II), to prefer.

PREFERENCE: often expr. by ruciḥ abhi- (= liking): v. Also to prefer.

PREFERENCE TO, IN: vihāya apahāya, etc. (with acc.), in p. to heaps of jewels: ratnarāśīnapivihāya, Sa. ii.

PREFERMENT: padonnatiḥ: v. Promotion, advancement.

PREFIGURE: pradarśayati (c. of dṛś): v. To announce, shew.

PREFIGUREMENT: pradarśanam (?): v. Announcement, indication.

PREFIX (v.): expr. by circumlo., whom (they) say Kashipu with Hiranya p. ed: yaṃ... hiraṇyapūrvaṃ kaśipuṃ pracakṣate, Si. i. 42.

PREFIX (subs.): upasargaḥ "dhātulīnamupasarga ivārtham", Si. x. 15.

PREGNANCY:
     1 expr. by garbhaḥ;
     2 sagarbhatā. Signs of p.: dohadalakṣaṇam, R. iii. 1. In a state of p. = pregnant: q. v. In the first three months of p. of a woman: garbhiṇīprathamadvitīyatṛtīyamāse, Sr.

PREGNANT:
     I Lit.:
     1 garbhiṇī;
     2 garbhavatī;
     3 antarghatnī;
     4 āpannasattvā, she became p. by me: sā mayāsīdāpannasattvā, D. iv. To become p.: garbhaṃ dadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) or dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.), R. x. 58. or garbho bhavati (with gen. of the woman), Ku. i. 14.
     II Fig.: arthavat (f. ). Ph.: p. signification: nigūḍhārthaḥ.

PREHENSILE: grāhin (f. ṇī): v. To catch, seize.

PRE-INTIMATION:
     1 prāṅnirdeśaḥ;
     2 by circumlo.: v. To inform, tell, before.

PREJUDGE: pūrvaṃ niścinoti (ci, c. 5.): v. To judge, before.

PREJUDGEMENT: vicārāt prāṅnirṇayaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

PREJUDICE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pūrvasaṃskāraḥ;
     2 vidveṣaḥ (= dislike).
     II Injury, mischief: q. v.: kṣatiḥ.

PREJUDICE (v.):
     I To prepossess: all men are p. d more or less: *sarve nyūnādhikaṃ pūrvasaṃskāravaśāḥ; he p. d him against me: *sa taṃ mayi baddhavidveṣaṃ cakāra.
     II Injure: q. v.: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.).

PREJUDICIAL: kṣatikara (f. ): v. Injurious, to injure.

PREJUDICIALLY: expr. by verb or circumlo.

PRELACY: *pradhānācāryatvam; -padam (the office); -adhikāraḥ (the jurisdiction).

PRELATE: *pradhānācāryaḥ; ācāryamukhyaḥ.

PRELATICAL: v. Episcopal.

PRELECTION: prabandhaḥ (?): v. Lecture, discourse.

PRELIBATION: v. Foretaste.

PRELIMINARY: p. Investigation: prathamamanusandhānam; (?); p. observation: maukhikamanuśāsanam; p.s of peace: praśamasya pūrvakāryāṇi (?).

PRELUDE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 prastāvanā;
     2 pūrvaraṅgaḥ (musical), Si. ii. 8.
     II Fig., forerunner, harbinger: pūrvalakṣaṇam.

PRELUDE (v.):
     I Lit.: expr. by subs.
     II To precede: q. v.

PRELUSIVE, PRELUSORY: "p. drops": prathamodabindavaḥ v. First, prelude.

PREMATURE:
     I Lit.:
     1 akālapakva (f. kvā);
     2 akālapariṇata (f. ); etc.: v. Ripe.
     II Untimely:
     1 akāla- or asamaya- in comp., p. birth: akālajāta (f. );
     2 ākālika (f. );
     3 asāmayika (f. ), p. agitation: asāmayikaḥ kṣobhaḥ, Ki. ii. 40.
     III Arrived at without due evidence: perh. apakva (f. kvā).

PREMATURELY: expr. by adj.

PREMEDITATE: pūrvaṃ saṃkalpayati (c. of kḷpa): v. To meditate, contrive.

PREMEDITATION: saṃkalpaḥ pūrva-: v. Also contrivance.

PREMIER:
     1 mukhyamantrī, P.;
     2 pradhānasacivaḥ, H.;
     3 mantrīśaḥ, Say.; and sim. comp.s.: v. Minister, chief.

PREMISE (v.):
     1 upanyasyati. (as, c. 4.);
     2 ullikhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To state.

PREMISES (subs.):
     I In logic: v. Premiss.
     II Buildings and land: gṛhāḥ (m. pl.)

PREMISS: major p.: udāharaṇam *mūlāvayavaḥ, minor p.: upanayaḥ *antaravayavaḥ "utpattidharmakaṃ sthālyādidravyamanityamityudāharaṇaṃ tathā cotpattidharmakaḥ śabda ityupanayaḥ tasmādatpatidharmakatvādanityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam" N. d. i. 39.

PREMIUM:
     I Reward: q. v.:
     II Commercial: atiriktadānam (?).

PREMONITION: v. Warning, notice.

PREMONITORY: agrimaḥ (mā maṃ) (= early): v. Also to warn. P. symptom (of a disease): pūrvarūpam, Bha.

PRE-OCCUPATION: pūrvabhogaḥ or -bhuktiḥ: v. Possession.

PRE-OCCUPY:
     I Lit.: pūrvam adhikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To pre-engage: I am p. ied: *vyāpṛto'smi.

PREPARATION:
     I The act:
     1 upakalpaḥ -nam;
     2 parikalpaḥ -nam;
     3 pra-kalpanam or kalpitam;
     4 sajjīkaraṇam. (= getting ready);
     5 sādhanam (= of food).
     II Anything prepared: expr. by verb.

PREPARATIVE: expr. by verb: v. Also preliminary.

PREPARE (v. t.):
     1 kalpayati upa- pra- pari-, (kḷpa, c. 10.), there everything necessary for coronation was p. d; abhiṣecanikaṃ dravyaṃ sarvaṃ tatropakalpitam, Rām, ii. 12. 13.;
     2 sajjīkaroti: v. Ready, to make;
     3 sādhayati (c. of sidh: of food). food p. d with five roots: pañcamūlena siddhānnāni, Bha.;
     4 karoti, Ram. ii. 12. 2.;
     5 yojayati pra- saṃ-, (yuj, c. 10.: to mix, as of some medicines), Bha.

PREPARE (v. i.):
     1 sajjībhavati;
     2 sometimes by trans.

PREPAY: pūrvaṃ mūlyaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To pay.

PREPENSE: malice p.: perh. vyavasitadrohaḥ: v. Deliberate.

PREPONDERANCE: ādhikyam: v. Superiority, excess.

PREPONDERATE: atiricyate (pass. of ric), H. iv. 131.

PREPOSITION: karmapravacanīyaḥ (of some p. s, Pāṇini i. 4. 83.).

PREPOSSESS:
     1 prahvīkaroti, my heart p. ed by (your) good qualities: prahvīkṛtaṃ me hṛdayaṃ guṇaudhaiḥ, Ki. iii. 12.;
     2 āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.): v. Also to prejudice.

PRESPOSSESSING (adj.): hṛdayahārin (f. ṇī): v. Charming.

PREPOSSESSION:
     1 pakṣapātaḥ (in good sense);
     2 pūrvasaṃskāraḥ: (= prejudice).

PREPOSTEROUS: ayukta (f. ktā): v. Also inconsistent, unreasonable.

PREPOSTEROUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PREPUCE:
     1 liṅgāgratvac (f.);
     2 carman (n.) (when the sense is clear), Bha. and sim. expr. (??).

PREREQUISITE: we will say what is p. for an enquiry about God: brahmajijñāsāyāmapi yatpūrvavṛttaṃ niyamenāpekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.) tadvaktavyam, S. i.

PREROGATIVE:
     1 ananyādhikāraḥ (?);
     2 asāmānyādhikāraḥ (?); etc.

PRESAGE (subs.): v. Presentiment, omen.

PRESAGE (v.): pūrvaṃ or puraḥ śaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.), Si. xv. 96.: v. Also to forebode.

PRESBYTERIAN: no equiv. praṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) may be used.

PRESCIENCE:
     1 pūrvajñānam (?);
     2 bhaviṣyavijñānam.

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PRESCIENT:
     1 pūrvadarśin. (f. ṇī: fig.);
     2 by verb: v. Foresee, foreknow.

PRESCRIBE:
     I To dictate, direct: q. v.: nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.).
     II Medically: auṣadhaṃ (= medicine) or annaṃ (= food) nirdiśati.

PRESCRIPTION:
     I Legal: bahukālabhogaḥ: v. Possession.
     II Medical: auṣadhanirdeśaḥ and sim. comp.s.

PRESCRIPTIVE (adj.): expr. with bahukālabhogaḥ.

PRESENCE:
     1 upasthitiḥ;
     2 sannidhānam or sannidhiḥ;
     3 by adj. In the p. of: samakṣam: v. Before. From the p. of: purastāt or sammukhataḥ. To the p. of: sammukham: v. Also near. Ph.: p. of mind: manaḥsthairyam (?) or śāntacittatā (?) and sim. expr.

PRESENT (subs.):
     1 upadā, p. s came to the lord of Kośala: upadā viviśuḥ kośaleśvaram, R. iv. 70.;
     2 upāyanam, fit for p.s to him: tasyopāyanayogyāni, Ku. ii. 37.;
     3 upahāraḥ, if you make a p. of your son to the goddess, (i. e. sacrifice him): yadi tvamātmanaḥ putraṃ bhagavatyā upahārīkaroṣi, H. iii.;
     4 prābhūtam, and bringing new p. s day by day: aharahaśca navanavāni prābhṛtānyupaharantī, D. ii.;
     5 prītidāyaḥ (of love), accepting the p.: taṃ prītidāyaṃ pratigṛhya, Ram.;
     6 yopaḍhaukanam (rare), Ph.: at p.: vartamāne, Vi. v.: v. Now; in p.: sapadi: v. Instantly.

PRESENT (v.):
     I To give freely:
     1 upaharati (hṛ, c. 1.). what the infallible (Krishna) p. ed: yadupāharadacyutaḥ, Mah. iv. 72. 39.;
     2 upaḍhaukate (ḍhauk, c. 1.): v. To offer;
     3 upahāraṃ etc. dadāti (, c. 3.): v. Subs.
     II To high officers: darśanaṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ: with gen.).
     III To p. oneself: upatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1. = to attend on).
     IV To exhibit, shew: q. v.: pradarśayati (c. of dṛś); to p. arms: astrāṇi paridarśayati (?).
     V To give, deliver: q. v.: dadāti. Ph.: p. a false appearance of: viḍambayati, R. xvi. 11.

PRESENT (adj.):
     I Now existing:
     1 vartamānaḥ (nā naṃ), who is the seventh and p. Manu: saptamo vartamāno yo manuḥ. B. p.; laṭ denotes p.: vartamāne laṭa, Pāṇiṇi, iii. 2. 123.;
     2 bhavat (f. ntī rare), Ki. xii. 19.;
     3 ādhunika (f. : of now).
     II In view:
     1 by vartate (vṛt, c. 1. = to be), you are not p.: dūre vartase; my friend appears to be present before me: jāne priyasakhī me'grato vartata iti, Sa. vi.;
     2 upasthita (f. ), as she is p.: yadiyamupasthitā, R. i. 87.;
     3 sannihita (f. = near: q. v.);
     4 sammukhastha (f. sthā = before the face of);
     5 pratyakṣa (f. kṣā = before the eyes of).

PRESENTATION:
     I The act: v. To present.
     II Nomination: nirvācanam.

PRESENTIMENT: expr. by circumlo, I have a p. of something bad: ceto me'śubhaṃ kathayati, see Ki. xiii. 6., xi. 8.: v. To foreborde, mind.

PRESENTLY: adhunā: v. Instantly, soon.

PRESENTMENT:
     1 dānam (= giving);
     2 pradarśanam (= exhibition).

PRESERVATION: rakṣaṇam or rakṣā saṃ- pari- abhi-.

PRESERVATIVE:
     1 rakṣā;
     2 sometimes -trāṇam or -tram in comp., baddhagodhāṅgulitrāṇau, Ram.

PRESERVE (v.): rakṣati saṃ- abhi-, (rakṣ, c. 1.), to p. crops: śasyaṃ rakṣati, Ka. v. 81.: v. Also to save, keep.

PRESERVE (subs.): i. e. p. ed fruits etc.: no equiv.: expr. with rakṣita (f. ), saṃ- (?).

PRESERVER:
     1 rakṣaka (f. kṣikā), saṃ- pari-;
     2 rakṣitṛ (f. trī), saṃ- pari-;
     3 rakṣin (f. ṇī).

PRESIDE: adhitiṣṭhati sam-, (sthā, c. 1.), he p. s over the world: so'dhitiṣṭhati lokam, Ki.;
     2 by subs.: v. President.

PRESIDENCY:
     I Superintendence: during my p. of the council: sabhāmadhitiṣṭhati mayi or mama sabhādhināyakatve (?).
     II Province.: q. v.: the Bengal p.: vaṅgadeśaḥ.

PRESIDENT:
     1 adhiṣṭhātṛ (f. trī);
     2 adhināyaka (f. yikā).

PRESIDENTIAL: expr. by comp., p. chair: adhināyakapadam (?).

PRESS (v. t.):
     I To squeeze: pīḍayati saṃ- ni- abhi- ā-, (pīḍ, c. 10.), without being p. ed: na khalu pīḍitaḥ, Vid. i.; drunk after being fully p. ed: niṣpīḍitapīta (f. ), B. xii. 18.
     II To embrace:
     1 niṣpīḍayati;
     2 niṣpinaṣṭi (piṣ, c. 7.), Ki. xvii. 13.
     III To urge, constrain: q. v.: anuruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), being p. ed about improper things: ayuktamanurudhyamānaḥ, Vi. v.
     IV To impress (IV): q. v.: dharati (dhṛ, c. 1.).

PRESS (v. i.):
     I To crowd, throng: q. v.
     II To urge: anuruṇaddhi.

PRESS (subs.):
     I P. ing: pīḍanam saṃ- ni-.
     II Printing-p.: *mudrāyantram.
     III Printed publications: the English p. is free: ayantritānīṃlaṇḍīyamudritāni.
     IV Urgency: p. of business: kāryoparodhaḥ.

PRESS-GANG: nāvikadhārakāḥ (m. pl.) and sim. comp.s. (??).

PRESSING (subs.): expr. with nirbandhena (adv.) or by verb.: v. To press (III).

PRESSINGLY:
     1 nirbandhena;
     2 sāgraham;
     3 nirbaddham.

PRESSMAN: *mudrāyāntrikaḥ: v. Also printer.

PRESSURE:
     I Pressing: pīḍanam saṃ- ni- niṣ- abhi-.
     II Fig., of trying circumstances: expr. by bhāraḥ (= burden: q. v.).
     III Of business etc.: uparodhaḥ. Ph.: atmospheric p.: vāyavo bharaḥ or bhāraḥ (??).

PRESTIGE: perh. pratiṣṭhā or gauravam.

PRESUME:
     I To suppose: q. v.: sambhāvayati (c. of bhū), if you p. guilt: yadi sambhāvyate pāpam, Mr. ix. 36.
     II To venture too far: expr. by adj. or subs.: v. Presumptuous, presumption.

PRESUMPTION:
     I Conjecture, guess: q. v.: tarkaḥ
     II Presumptuousness:
     1 sāhasam (= boldness: q. v.);
     2 pragalbhatā (= audacity: q. v.);
     3 avalepaḥ (= arrogance: q. v.).
     III In law: perh. sambhāvanā anumānam (= inference).

PRESUMPTIVE: Perh. sambhāvita (f. ); ānumānika (f. ).

PRESUMPTIVELY: expr. by circumlo., p. he is guilty: sambhāvyate sa pāpī.

PRESUMPTUOUS:
     1 sāhasika (f. ): v. Bold;
     2 pragalbha (f. lbhā): v. Audacious;
     3 avalipta (f. ptā): v. Arrogant. P. -ness: v. Presumption (II).

PRESUMPTUOUSLY:
     1 sādhasena;
     2 sāvalepam;
     3 pragalbham, etc.

PRESUPPOSE: siddhaṃ (f. ddhāṃ) manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To suppose.

PRETENCE:
     1 vyapadeśaḥ: v. Pretext;
     2 chalam: v. Deceit (II);
     3 upadhiḥ, with some p.: sopadhiḥ, Ki. i. 45.

PRETEND:
     I To feign:
     1 apadiśati vi-, (diś, c. 6.), p. ing a touch of headache: śiraḥśūlasparśamapadiśan, P. ii.;
     2 bhāvayati (c. of bhū: rare), p. ing fainting from a rush of poison: bhāvitaviṣavegavikriyaḥ, D. ii.;
     3 by subs.
     II To p. to, claim: perh. abhimanyate (man, c. 4.). P. ed i. e. feigned: q. v.

PRETENDER:
     I Impostor: q. v.
     II To the throne: rājābhimānin (f. ).

PRETENSION:
     I Claim, demand: q. v.: abhimānaḥ (?).
     II Pretext: q. v.

PRETERMISSION:
     I Omission: q. v.
     II In rhe: perh. vyājastutiḥ.

PRETERNATURAL: aprākṛta (f. ): v. Supernatural.

PRETERNATURALLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PRETEXT:
     1 apadeśaḥ vi-, so that under that p. I will abduct and give her to you: tattenaivāpadeśena hṛtvā tubhyaṃ dadāmi tām, K. s. x. 184.; under what p.: kenāpadeśena, Sa. ii.;
     2 vyājaḥ, under a p. of returning the ring: aṅgulīyārpaṇavyājāt, K. s. x. 102.

PRETTILY:
     1 cāru;
     2 sundaram;
     3 mañju;
     4 mañjulam.

PRETTINESS:
     1 cārutā;
     2 lāvaṇyam;
     3 saundaryam: v. Beauty.

PRUTTY (adj.):
     1 lāvaṇyamaya (f. ), only p. feathers do not leave you: kevalaṃ lāvaṇyamayī chāyā tvāṃ na muñcati, Sa. iii.
     2 kamanīya (f. ) or rarely kānta (f. ntā), very p. wife: sukāntakāntā, Ku. ix. 2.;
     3 cāru (f. rvo);
     4 su- in comp., having p. eyes: sulocana (f. ), R.: v. Beautiful, charming.

PRETTY (adv.): perh. analpa- in comp. (not a little) or prāyeṇa (= nearly).

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PREVAIL: To prove the stronger:
     1 abhibhavati (bhū, c. 1.: with acc.), that insantities p. over men like you: yadbhavādṛśāḥ pramādairabhibhūyante, K.;
     2 atiricyate: v. To excel.
     II To be current: expr. by adj.: prabala (f. ,), pracala (f. ), or prabhūta (f. ): v. Prevalent.
     III With on, upon, or with, to persuade, induce: q. v.: anunīya pravartayati (c. of vṛt).

PREVAILING (adj.), PREVAILINGLY: v. Prevalent, prevalently.

PREVALENCE:
     1 prabalatā; pracalatā;
     3 ādhikyam: v. Below.

PREVALENT:
     1 prabala (f. = predominant);
     2 pracala (f. current);
     3 bahula (f. = abundant);
     4 sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī = common): v. Those words.

PREVALENTLY:
     1 balavat (= forcibly);
     2 bahulam (= abundantly);
     3 sādhāraṇyena (= commonly).

PREVARICATE:
     1 apa-lapati (lap, c. 1.);
     2 nirhnotumicchan (f. ntī) mithyottaraṃ dadāti, see Mu. i. 1.

PREVARICATION:
     1 apalāpaḥ;
     2 nihnavaḥ;
     3 better by circumlo.

PREVARICATOR:
     1 apalāpin (f. );
     2 nihnavavādin (f. );
     3 by circumlo.

PREVENT:
     1 ni-vārayati prati- vini-, (vṛ, c. 10.), p. ing the entrance of all attendants: nivāritāśeṣaparijanapraveśa (f. śā), K.;
     2 avaruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.);
     3 ni-ṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.): v. To prohibit.

PREVENTION:
     1 nivāraṇam;
     2 avarodhaḥ;
     3 niṣedhaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ.

PREVENTIVE:
     1 by verb;
     2 -hara (f. ) in comp., p. of disease: rogahara (f. );
     3 -ghna (f. ghnī = killing, destroying) in comp.

PREVIOUS: pūrva (f. rvā): v. Former, preceding.

PREVIOUSLY: pūrvam: v. Formerly. P. to: v. Before.

PREVISION: expr. by pūrvaṃ paśyati (dṛś c. 1. = to see): v. Foresight.

PREY (subs.): āmiṣam, became the p. of the enemies: dviṣāmāmiṣatāṃ yayau, R. xii. 11. (Beast) of p.:) āmiṣāśin (m.) or māṃsādaḥ.

PREY (v.):
     I Lit.: āmiṣaṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) bhakṣayati (bhakṣ, c. 10. = to eat: q. v.).
     II Fig., to pillage, rob: q. v.
     III Fig., to vex, waste: pra-bādhate (bādh, c. 1.).

PRICE (subs.):
     1 bhūlyam, at what p.: kiyatā mūlyena, P.; we have been cruelly fixed by you as the p. of these (ornaments): kalpitā bhūlyameteṣāṃ krūreṇa bhavatā vayam, Mu. v. 17.;
     2 arghaḥ (rare), at a very low p.: laghīyasārghena, D. iii.

PRICE (v.):
     1 mūlyaṃ sthirīkaroti or kalpayati (c. of kḷp).
     2 to have price, or be p. d: arghati (argha, c. 1; rare), gems have no p.: nārghanti ratnāni, P. i. 1.

PRICE-CURRENT: paṇyamūlyanirdhaṇṭaḥ (??).

PRICELESS:
     1 amūlya (f. lyā);
     2 anargha (f. rghā);
     3 anarghya (f. rghyā).

PRICK (v.):
     I To puncture: q. v.: vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.).
     II To goad: q. v.: tudati (tud, c. 5.).
     III Fig., to sting:
     1 vidhyati;
     2 tudati, Rām. ii. 11. 24. Ph.: with p. ed up ears: stabdhakarṇa (f. rṇā), H. ii.

PRICK (subs.):
     I Puncture: vedhaḥ -nam.
     II A goad: q. v.: pratodaḥ.
     III Stinging pain:
     1 daṃśaḥ;
     2 yātanā.
     IV A mark: lakṣyam.

PRICKLE:
     1 śūka (mn.);
     2 kaṇṭaka (mn. = thorn).

PRICKLY:
     1 śūkin (f. );
     2 śūkavat (f. );
     3 kaṇṭakin (f. = thorny).

PRIDE (subs.):
     I In good sense:
     1 mānaḥ abhi-;
     2 mānitā.
     II In bad sense:
     1 ahaṅkāraḥ;
     2 darpaḥ;
     3 garvaḥ (best equiv.), whose p. used to look down on the world as straw: tṛṇamiva paribhūto yasya garveṇa lokaḥ, Ve. v.
     III Ornament: q. v.: alaṅkāraḥ the p. of the heaven: alaṅkāraḥ svargasya (sā naḥ priyasakhī......), V. i.

PRIDE (v.): expr. by subs. or adj., you p. yourself without conquering me: māmajitvaiva darpaḥ, Ve. v.; Gauri, who p. s herself in her beauty: rūpagarvitā śrīgaurī, V. i.

PRIEST:
     I Family:
     1 purohitaḥ;
     2 purodhasa (m.).
     II Sacrificial:
     1 ṛtvij (m.);
     2 yājakaḥ.
     III Vedic: śrotriyaḥ.
     IV In gen.: ācāryaḥ.

PRIESTCRAFT: purohitānāṃ cāturyam and sim. expr. s.

PRIESTLESS:
     1 ācāryā;
     2 hotrī;
     3 yājikā (?).

PRIESTHOOD:
     I The office: paurohityam.
     II Priests collectively: by pl., purohitāḥ, etc.; brāhmaṇyam (= Brahmins, the Indian p.): v. Priest.

PRESTLY: expr. by comp. or gen.

PRIEST-RIDDEN:
     1 purohitavaśa (f. śā ?);
     2 purohitāyatta (f. ttā ?);
     3 better by circumlo. v. Lord.

PRIG:
     1 dāmbhika (f. ?);
     2 darpoddhata (f. ?).

PRIGGISH:
     1 dāmbhika (f. ?);
     2 darpoddhata (f. ?).

PRIM:
     1 vinīta (f. );
     2 by subs.: v. Primness.

PRIMACY: *pradhānatamācāryatvam; pradhānatamācāryapadam.

PRIMARILY:
     1 ādau;
     2 prathamam: v. First.

PRIMARY:
     I First: q. v.: ādima (f. ).
     II Chief, principal: q. v.: mukhya (f. khyā).

PRIMATE: *pradhānatamācāryaḥ sarvapradhānācāryaḥ.

PRIME (subs.):
     I Dawn: q. v.: dinamukham.
     II Of life: prauḍhatā or prauḍhiḥ, in the p. of life: prauḍha (f. ḍhā), J.
     III Beginning: q. v.: ādiḥ.
     IV Best portion:
     1 utkṛṣṭabhāgaḥ;
     2 better by adj. Ph.: "p. of the moon": navendukalā, Sa.

PRIME (adj.):
     I Primitive: q. v.: ādima (f. ).
     II First: q. v.: prathama (f. ). Ph.: p. minister: mahāmantrī, Vid. iv.: v. Premier.

PRIMER: prathamapustakam (?); bālapāṭhyam (?); śiśuśikṣā (?).

PRIMEVAL:
     1 ādima (f. );
     2 prāktana (f. = old, ancient: q. v.).

PRIMITIVE:
     1 ādima (f. ); p. state: ādimāvasthā;
     2 prāktana (f. = old, ancient: q. v.);
     3 prathama (f. = first: q. v.);
     4 mūla- in comp. (= original: q. v.).

PRIMNESS:
     1 atyādaraḥ (= formality);
     2 vinītatā (= civility).

PRIMOGENITURE:
     I Lit.: jyeṣṭhatvam.
     II In law: by circumlo, the law of p. obtains among the Iksvākus: ikṣvākūṇāṃ hi sarveṣāṃ rājā bhavati pūrvajaḥ, Ram. ii. 119. 33.

PRIMORDIAL: ādima (f. ): v. Primitive.

PRIMROSE: latāviśeṣaḥ; *bhūsevatī.

PRINCE:
     I A king: q. v.: adhipatiḥ.
     II A king's son:
     1 kumāraḥ;
     2 rājaputraḥ and sim. comp.s. P. of Wales: (iṃlaṇḍīya) yuvarājaḥ.

PRINCELY:
     I Lit.: expr. by ph. or comp., p. birth: rājavaṃśaprasūtiḥ; p. virtues: rājadharmāḥ.
     II Prince-like: rājasadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ): v. Like.
     III Becoming a p.: rājayogyaḥ (gyā gyaṃ); rājocitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.

PRINCESS:
     I A queen: q. v.
     II A king's daughter:
     1 rājakumārī;
     2 rājaputrī and sim. comp.s. P. of Wales: (iṃlaṇḍīya) yuvarājapatnī.

PRINCIPAL (adj.):
     1 mukhya (f. khyā);
     2 pradhāna (f. ): v. Chief.

PRINCIPAL (subs.):
     I Chief, master: q. v.: adhyakṣaḥ.
     II Capital: mūlam -dhanam: p. and interest: mūlakalāntare, Li. 61.

PRINCIPALITY: rāṣṭram: v. Country, territory.

PRINCIPALLY:
     1 pradhānataḥ;
     2 prādhānyena;
     3 viśeṣataḥ. (= specially).

PRINCIPLE:
     I A fundamental truth: perh. tattvam or mūlatattvam.
     II A faculty: vṛttiḥ. Ph.: a man of p.: suvṛtta (f. ttā); a man of no p.: khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā).
     III An element: mūlam.
     IV Source, origin: q. v.

PRINT (v. t.):
     I To impress: q. v.
     II With types: *mudrayati (nomi.), p. ed books: mudritapustakāni.
     III To mark by pressure: perh. aṅkayati (nomi.).

PRINT (subs.):
     I A mark: q. v.: cihnam.
     II Type: *mudrākṣarāṇi (n. pl.), this is bad p.: *na śobhanānyetāni mudrākṣarāṇi. Ph.: this is in p.: *mudrayantyetat; it is out of p.: *mudritamado niḥśeṣitam; they like to see their names in p.: *svanāmāni mudritāni draṣṭumicchanti.
     III A picture: q. v.: aṅkaḥ.
     IV A journal: q. v. V. A p. ed fabric: aṅkitaṃ vastram (?).

PRINTER: *mudrayitṛ (f. trī), p.' s ink: mudrāmasī.

PRINTING (subs.): expr. by verb: v. Also print (subs (II). P.-press: mudrāyantram; p. office: mudrāśālā.

PRIOR (adj.):
     1 pradhāna (f. = chief);
     2 paurvika (f. = anterior);
     3 garīyas (f. = heavier).

PRIOR (subs.): vihārapālaḥ. P. ess: vihārapālinī.

PRIORITY:
     1 pradhānatā;
     2 paurvikatā;
     3 gariṣṭhatā: for dif.: v. Prior.

PRIORY: vihāraḥ.

PRISE: v. Prize.

PRISM: *krakacāyatam, achromatic p.: *avarṇaṃ krakacāyatam.

PRISMATIC, -AL: of p. form: *krakacāyatākāraḥ (rā raṃ); p. colours: *krakacāyataviśleṣitā varṇāḥ.

PRISON:
     1 kārāgāram and sim. comp.s.;
     2 bandhanāgāram;
     3 kārā, Vi.;
     4 cāraḥ -kaḥ, D., Has escaped from the p.: bandhanaṃ bhittvāpakrāmati, Mr.

PRISONER:
     I Lit.:
     1 bandi (f. ndī);
     2 kārāruddhaḥ or -baddhaḥ (-ddhā ddhaṃ).
     II Of war: bandi (f. ndī): v. Captive.

PRISTINE (adj.):
     1 ādimaḥ (mā maṃ);
     2 prāktanaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Former, old.

PRITHEE: prārthaye tvām: v. Pray, thee.

PRIVACY:
     I The state:
     1 viviktatā -tvam;
     2 rahas (n.).
     II A private place:
     1 viviktam, Ki. ix. 71.;
     2 rahas (n.) M. n.

PRIVATE (adj.):
     I Belonging to an individual:
     1 sva (f. svā): v. Own;
     2 not expr., woman's p. property: strīdhanam, Da.
     II Secluded:
     1 vivikta (f. ktā);
     2 vijana (f. );
     3 nirjana (f. );
     4 rahas in comp., in p.: rahasi: v. P. ly.
     III Secret: q. v.: gūḍha (f. ḍhā).
     IV Not public: p. life: grāmyavṛttiḥ (?); p. education: gṛhe śikṣā (?); p. secretary: rahaḥsacivaḥ (?); p. person: sādhāraṇalokaḥ (?); p. act: asādhāraṇo vidhiḥ (?).

PRIVATE (subs.): sādhāraṇasainikaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

PRIVATEER:
     I Subs.: sādhāraṇalokānāṃ bādhanapotaḥ (?).
     II Verb: expr. by subs.

PRIVATELY:
     1 rahaḥ, R. xiii. 35.;
     2 rahasi, D. vi.;
     3 viviktam;
     4 vivikte;
     5 ekānte;
     6 vijane;
     7 upahvare (rare), D. ii.;
     8 gūḍham (= secretly: q. v.).

PRIVATENESS:
     1 viviktatā: v. Privacy;
     2 gūḍhatā: v. Secrecy.

PRIVATION:
     I Deprivation, absence: q. v.: abhāvaḥ.
     II Destitution, need: q. v.: kaṣṭam.

PRIVATIVE: in gram.:
     1 nañrthakaḥ;
     2 abhāvasūcakaḥ.

PRIVET: latāviśeṣaḥ.

PRIVILEGE (subs): perh. adhikāraḥ; kṣamatā (power); viśeṣādhikāraḥ (?).

PRIVILEGED (adj.):
     1 by subs.;
     2 viśeṣādhikārabhāj (mfn.) and sim. comp.s. (??).

PRIVILY: gūḍham: v. Secretly, privately.

PRIVITY: i. e. connivance: yogaḥ: v. Also knowledge. Ph.: in p.: gūḍham: v. Secretly; p. ies.: guptāṅgam.

PRIVY (subs.):
     1 śaucasthānam;
     2 varcaḥsthānam, Mit. In the public p. at Benares: vārāṇasyāmuccāraprasrāvasthāne, Kar.

PRIVY (adj.):
     I Private, secret: q. v.
     II P. to:
     1 abhijñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ) (= acquainted with: q. v.);
     2 sahāyaḥ (= accomplice). Ph.: p. council: rājasabhā (?); p. councillor: rājasabhādhiṣṭhitaḥ (?), rājasabhāsacivaḥ (?), etc.; p. seal (the seal): rājamudrā (?), (the minister): rājamudrāmantrin (m.), etc.; p. purse: rājadhanam (?).

PRIZE (subs.):
     I Of honour:
     1 pāritoṣikam (= reward);
     2 better by circumlo., if a p. is offered and won: yadi bhavān bhadrakamupanyasyati tadā bhavate mayaitāvaddeyamiti paṇitaṃ tatropanyāsaṃ nistīrya labhate; so a p. won in a literary contest: tathā śāstravijñānavivāde nirjitya pallabdham, Da. 93.
     II Booty: expr. with: yuddhe prāpta (f. ptā), N. s. or -gṛhīta (f. ).

PRIZE (v.):
     I To estimate highly: bahu manyate (man, c. 4.).
     II To care: q. v.

PRIZE-FIGHTER: mallayoddhṛ (f. ddhrī: ?); mallayodhin (f. : ?).

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PRIZE-MONEY: perh. jayadhanam and sim. comp.s.

PROBABILITY:
     1 sambhāvyatā, or sambhāvanīyatā (= likelihood);
     2 sambhāvanā (= presumption): v. Below.

PROBABLE:
     1 by adv.: v. Probably;
     2 by sambhavati (= may be);
     3 sambhāvya (f. vyā) or sambhāvanīya (f. ) (rare).

PROBABLY:
     I Very likely: prāyeṇa or prāyaḥ, or p. he is fallen from the mouth of a hawk: prāyeṇa śyenamukhaparibhraṣṭena vānena bhavitavyam, K.; Śakuntalā is passing this time p. on the banks of the Mālini: imāṃ velāṃ prāyeṇa mālinītīreṣu śakuntalā gamayati, Sa. iii.
     II With probability: expr. by verb, p. he will die: mariṣyatīti sambhāvayāmi.

PROBATION: on p.: perh. paridarśanārtham.

PROBATIONARY, PROBATIONAL: no equiv.: pāridarśanika (f. ?).

PROBATIONER: perh. antevāsin (f. = apprentice, pupil).

PROBE (subs.): eṣaṇī, Wilson; śalākā, Williams, p. ing with a p.: eṣaṇyā gatimanviṣya, Sr.

PROBE (v.): parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To examine.

PROBITY: amāyatā: v. Honesty, sincerity.

PROBLEM:
     I In gen.: upapādyam, K. d.
     II Question, subject: q. v.: viṣayāḥ.

PROBLEMATICAL: sandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Doubtful.

PROBOSCIS:
     I Lit.: potram (?).
     II The nose: prothaḥ.

PROCEDURE: prob. vyavahāraḥ, criminal p.: *doṣavyavahāraḥ (-kāryavidhiḥ) used in Bengali).

PROCEED:
     I To move, go: q. v.: calati (cal, c. 1.).
     II To go on, continue: pravartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To reign.
     III In law; prob.: vyavahāraṃ karoti, who has p. ed against me: kena saha mama vyavahāraḥ, Mr. ix.; nivedayati (= to inform: q. v.).
     IV To arise:
     1 jāyate saṃ- abhi- upa-, (jan, c. 4.), desire p.s from association: saṃgāt saṃjāyate kāmaḥ, G. ii. 62.;
     2 pra- bhavati upa- saṃ-, (bhū, c. 1.); lobhāt krodhaḥ prabhavati, H. i. 23.;
     3 uttiṣṭhate sam-, (sthā, c. 1.), p. ing from the eye: nayanasamuttha (f. tthā) R. ii. 75.;
     4 utpadyate sam-, (pad, c. 4.), light p. s from air: jyotirutpadyate vāyoḥ, M. i. 77.

PROCEEDING FROM: v. To proceed (IV), arising from.

PROCEEDING (subs.):
     I Action, transaction: q. v.: kāryam.
     II Procedure: perh. kāryāvalī.

PROCEEDS: expr. by labdha (f. bdhā), p. of sale: vikrayeṇa labdham.

PROCESS:
     I Going on: in p. of time: kālakrameṇa, Ku.
     II Plan, means: q. v.: upāyaḥ.
     III Legal: perh. āhvānapatram.
     IV In ana.: expr. with nirgata (f. ) or utthita (f. ).

PROCESSION: yātrā, bridal p.: varayātrā, N. xvi. 4.; followers of a p.: ānuyātriko janaḥ, Ma. vi.

PROGLAIM:
     1 ghoṣayati vi- ut- ā-, (ghuṣ, c. 10.), and let (them) p. your victory: ghoṣayantu ca te jayam, Mah. iv. 67. 20.; p. ing his guilt: tasya doṣamudghoṣya, D. iv.;
     2 khyāpayati pra- ā-, (c. of khyā), p. (his) advent: prakhyāpayantyāgamam, Vi. v. 1.: v. Also to announce, celebrate.

PROCLAIMER:
     1 ghoṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     2 udghoṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     3 by verb.

PROCLAMATION:
     1 ghoṣaṇam -ṇā, proclaim the p.: ghoṣayata ghoṣaṇam, place for p.: ghoṣaṇāsthānam, Mr. x.;
     2 udghoṣaṇam;
     3 vighoṣaṇam;
     4 pra-khyāpanam; etc. N. B. 2 to 4 only of the act.

PROCLIVITY: pravaṇatā: v. Propensity.

PROCONSUL: bhogapatiḥ: v. Governor, viceroy.

PROCRASTINATE:
     I Trans: v. To dilay, postpone.
     II Intrans: vilambate: v. To delay.

PROCRASTIANTION: dīrghasūtratā: v. Delay, dialtoriness.

PROCREATE (v. t.): janayati (c. of jan): v. To beget.

PROCTREATION:
     1 jananam pra-;
     2 utpādanam;
     3 expr. by verb.

PROCREATIVE: expr. by comp., p. power: jananaśaktiḥ.

[Page 547]

PROCTOR:
     I In law: *moktāraḥ; upadeṣṭṛ (m.).
     II In colleges: tattvāvadhārakaḥ (?).

PROCUMBENT: v. Prone.

PROCURABLE:
     1 labhya (f. bhyā);
     2 by verb: v. To procure.

PROCURATOR:
     I Roman: bhogapatiḥ.
     II In gen.: perh. nirvāhakaḥ.

PROCURE:
     I To get: q. v.: labhate (labh, c. 1.).
     II To bring: q. v.: ānayati (, c. 1.).
     III To effect: q. v.: sādhayati (c. of sidh).

PROCUREMENT:
     1 lābhaḥ (= getting);
     2 ānayanam (= bringing);
     3 sādhanam (= effecting).

PROCURER:
     1 viṭaḥ;
     2 su-ratatālaḥ: v. Also to pander.

PROCURESS:
     1 kuṭṭa(ṭṭi)nī;
     2 dūtī;
     3 śambhalī;
     4 cundī.

PRODIGAL:
     1 ativyayin (f. );
     2 bahuvyayin (f. );
     3 amitavyayin (f. );
     4 tyāgaśālin (f. );
     5 dānaśauṇḍa (f. ṇḍā: in giving); etc.

PRODIGALITY:
     1 ativyayaḥ;
     2 bahuvyayaḥ;
     3 tyāgaśālitā, etc.

PRODIGALLY:
     1 muktahastam (= with open hand);
     2 mahatā vyayena and sim. comp.s. (= with great expense), Mu. ii.

PRODIGIOUS:
     1 adbhuta (f. = wonderful);
     2 atipramāṇa (f. ṇā = big).

PRODIGIOUSLY: atyantam: v. Exceedingly, extremely.

PRODIGY:
     I A monster: expr. with adbhuta (f. = wonderful: q. v.).
     II A portent: utpātaḥ. Ph.: "a p. of learning": asādhāraṇapaṇḍitaḥ.

PRODUCE (v. t.):
     I To exhibit, bring forward: darśayati pra- abhi- (c. of dṛś), a surety for p. ing (a man): darśanapratibhūḥ, M.
     II To cause: q. v.
     1 janayati (c. of jan), to p. heat or cold: śītoṣṇajananārthāya, Sr.;
     2 utpādayati (c. of pad); v. Also to proceed (IV).
     III To bring forth, bear: q. v.
     1 janayati;
     2 utpādayati;
     3 better by pass.: v. Produced, be.
     IV To yield: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.), pra-.
     V To elongate: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).

PRODUCED, BE:
     1 utpadyate (pad, c. 4.), so much can be p. here: etāvadatrotpattuṃ yogyam, Mit.;
     2 jāyate saṃ- pra- abhi- upa-, (jan, c. 4.), p. in water: jalaja (f. );
     3 bhavati, a field where barley is p.: yavabhavaṃ kṣetram, A.;
     4 sometimes by deriv., p. in autumn: haimana (f. ).

PRODUCE (subs.):
     1 phalam (= fruit), then he is to take its p. himself: tadā tasya phalaṃ svayameva gṛhnīyāt, Mit.;
     2 utpannam or utpannaṃ dravyam, Mi.;
     3 śadaḥ (= field p (rare), Vy.

PRODUCT (subs.):
     I Produce: q. v.: phalam.
     II Work: q. v.: karman (n.).
     III In arith.:
     1 guṇanaphalam, Vij.;
     2 badhaḥ or ghātaḥ, their p.: anayorghātaḥ, Li.

PRODUCTION:
     I Producing:
     1 utpādanam;
     2 pra-jananam.
     II Exhibition: q. v.: darśanam pra-,
     III Produce: q. v.: utpannam.
     IV Work: q. v.: karman.

PRODUCTIVE:
     I Of soil: śasyaprada (f. ): v. Fertile, rich.
     II In gen.:
     1 phalaprada (f. );
     2 phalada (f. );
     3 phaladāyin (f. ). Ph.: p. of i. e. producing, causing, expr. by verb: v. To produce.

PRODUCTIVENESS: gen. expr. by adj.: phaladāyitā (rare).

PROEM: mukhabandhaḥ: v. Preface.

PROFANATION:
     1 dūṣaṇam: v. Pollution;
     2 apavitrīkaraṇam (rare).

PROFANE (v.):
     1 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): To pollute;
     2 apavitrīkaraṇam (rare).

PROFANE (adj.):
     I Not holy:
     1 apavitra (f. trā);
     2 apuṇya (f. ṇyā).
     II Impious: q. v.: adhārmika (f. ).
     III Secular: q. v.: laukika (f. ).

PROFANELY:
     1 dharmamunmathya -atikramya, etc.;
     2 by adj.

PROFANITY: dharbhanindā: v. Also profanation, impiety.

PROFESS:
     I to assert: q. v.: bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.).
     II To pretend: q. v. P. ed:
     1 pratijñāta (f. = declared);
     2 prakāśa (f. śā = open).

PROFESSEDLY:
     1 prakāśam (= openly);
     2 perh. vivṛtya.

PROFESSION:
     I Declaration, avowal: q. v.: uktiḥ.
     II Claim, pretension: q. v.
     III Vocation, livelihood: q. v.: vṛttiḥ.

PROFESSIONAL: expr. by comp., p. pride: vijñānābhimānaḥ (?); p. men: vijñānavidaḥ (?); p. advice (of medical men): vaidyakopadeśaḥ (?): v. Knowledge.

PROFESSOR: no proper equiv.: adhyāpakaḥ: v. Teacher, master.

PROFESSORSHIP: adhyāpakapadam and sim. comp.s. (?).

PROFFER: upanyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To offer, propose.

PROFICIENCY:
     1 prāvīṇyam;
     2 kauśalam, attained high p. in the special arts.: kalāviśeṣeṣu paraṃ kauśalamavāp, K.;
     3 naipuṇyam, p. in the Purāṇas: purāṇagaṇanaipuṇyam, D.;
     4 vaicakṣaṇyam.

PROFICIENT:
     1 pravīṇa (f. ṇā), p. in painting: citrakarmaṇi pravīṇaḥ, K.;
     2 kuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), p. in mythology and history: purāṇetihāsakuśalaḥ, D.;
     3 nipuṇa (f. ṇā), p. in conversation: ālāpanipuṇaḥ, K.;
     4 vicakṣaṇa (f. ṇā), p. in metaphysics.: ānvīkṣikīvicakṣaṇaḥ, D.

PROFILE: no equiv.: pārśvadṛśyam (?).

PROFIT (subs.): lābhaḥ, p. s of your business: saṃvyavahārāṇāṃ lābhā vaḥ, Mu. i.; p. and loss: lābhālābhau, Y. ii. 262.; to have p.: lābhaṃ gṛhṇāti, Vri.: v. Also benefit.

PROFIT (v.):
     1 expr. by subs., for p. ing one's self: lāmārtham, Y.;
     2 hitam āvahati (vah, c. 1.);
     3 upakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).

PROFIT (v. i.):
     I To gain: expr. with lābhaḥ or upakāraḥ.
     II To take advantage of: expr. with labhate (labh, c. 1.), p. ing by the opportunity: avasaraṃlabdhvā.
     III To bring good: śubham āvahati.

PROFITABLE:
     I Gainful, lucrative:
     1 lābhāvaha (f. );
     2 lābhajanana (f. );
     3 lābhakara (f. ).
     II Useful, advantageous:
     1 hitakara (f. );
     2 upayogin (f. ).

PROFITABLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.: v. Usefully.

PROFITLESS:
     1 niṣphala (f. = useless);
     2 nirlābha (f. bhā: rare).

PROFLIGACY:
     1 pāpābhiniveśaḥ;
     2 naṣṭācāratā;
     3 khaṇḍitavṛttatā.

PROFLIGATE:
     1 pāpanirata (f. ratā);
     2 naṣṭācāra (f. );
     3 khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā); and sim. comp.s.

PROFLIGATELY: expr. by circumlo., to spend life p.: *pāpakāryeṣu jīvanamativāhayati.

PROFOUND:
     I Deep: q. v.:
     1 atigamīra (f. );
     2 agādha (f. dhā).
     II Fig.: pragāḍha (f. ), p. reverence: pragāḍhabhaktiḥ.
     III Abstruse, occult: gahana (f. ).

PROFOUNDLY: pragāḍham: v. Deeply.

PROFOUNDNESS, PROFUNDITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 agādhatā;
     2 atigarbhīratā.
     II Fig.: pragāḍhatā.
     III Abstruseness:
     1 gahanatā;
     2 nigūḍhatā.

PROFUSE:
     I Prodigal: q. v.: muktahasta (f. stā).
     II Copious, abundant: q. v.: pracura (f. ).

PROFUSELY:
     I Prodigally: q. v.: muktahastam.
     II Abundantly: q. v.: pracuram.

PROFUSION:
     I Prodigality: q. v.: muktahastatā.
     II Copiousness, abundance: q. v.: prācuryabh.

PROGENITOR: pitṛ (m.), Ki. iii. 65.: v. Ancestor.

PROGENY: santatiḥ: v. Offspring.

PROGNOSTIC: śakunam (= omen: q.v.): v. Also to forebode.

PROGNOSTICATE: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.): v. Forebode, bespeak.

PROGNOSTICATION: expr. by verb.

PROGNOSTICATOR: śumāśubhalakṣaṇavid (mfn.): v. Also prophet.

PROGRAMME: sūcipatram (??).

PROGRESS (v.):
     I Lit.: calati (cal, c. 1.).
     II Fig.:
     1 unnatiṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc.;
     2 utkṛṣyate (pass. of kṛṣ).

PROGRESS (subs.):
     I Lit.: yātrā: v. March (II.). Increase, growth: q. v.: vṛddhiḥ.
     III Advance, improvement: q. v.: unnatiḥ.

PROGRESSION: a. p.: śreḍhīvyavahāraḥ; first term: mukham vadanam ādiḥ; common difference: cayaḥ; number of terms.: gucchaḥ; sum: śreḍhīphalam:; common ratio: cayo guṇaḥ; geometrical mean: uttaro guṇaḥ, Li. Terms are in harmonic p. whose reciprocals are in arithmetic p.: yeṣāṃśchedāścayāntarāste viṣamacayāntarāḥ.

PROGRESSIVE:
     I Advancing: agresara (f. ).
     II Gradual: kramika (f. ).

PROHIBIT: ni-ṣedhati prati-, (sidh, c. 1.): v. To forbid.

PROHIBITION:
     1 niṣedhaḥ;
     2 pratiṣedhaḥ;
     3 nivāraṇam.

PROHIBITORY:
     1 niṣedhin (f. );
     2 niṣedhaka (f. dhikā);
     3 pratiṣedhin (f. ); etc.

PROJECT (subs.): kalpanā: v. Scheme, plan.

PROJECT (v.):
     I To throw out: q. v.: prakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II To devise, plan: q. v.: kalpayati (c. of kḷp).

PROJECT (v. i.):
     1 lambate pra-, (lamb, c. 1.);
     2 bahirvartate (vṛt, c. 1.: ?).

PROJECITILE: kṣepaṇīya (f. = missile: q. v.).

PROJECTING (adj.):
     1 pra-lamba (f. mbā), having a p. belly: lambodara (f. ); with a p. nose: pralambadhoṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 udagra (f. grā: ?). Wilson.

PROJECTION:
     I The act: pralambatā.
     II Anything projected: expr. with pralamba (f. mbā).
     III In Math.: chedakam, Su. vi. 1.

PROJECTOR: expr. by verb.: To project, scheme.

PROLETAIRE:
     1 prākṛtaḥ -janaḥ;
     2 pṛthagjanaḥ.

PROLIFIC:
     I Of females: bahupraja (f. ).
     II Fertile, productive: q. v.: bahuphala (f. ).

PROLIX:
     1 suvistara (f. ), Si. ii. 24.;
     2 prapañca (f. ñcā), Mu.;
     3 prapañcita (f. );
     4 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     5 sudīrgha (f. rghā = very long.).

PROLIXITY:
     1 prapañcaḥ -tā;
     2 vistīrṇatā;
     3 sudīrghatā.

PROLIXLY:
     1 suvistaram;
     2 prapañcam;
     3 sudīrgham.

PROLOGUE:
     1 prastāvanā;
     2 pūrvaraṅgaḥ;
     3 nāndī (benedictory p.).

PROLONG:
     1 vitanoti (tan, c. 8.);
     2 vistārayati (stṝ, c. 10.);
     3 by circumlo.

PROLONGATION:
     1 sometimes with prapañcaḥ, p. of discussion: vādaprapañcaḥ;
     2 by verb or circumlo.

PROLUSION:
     I A prelude: q. v.
     II A trial: parīkṣā.

PROMENADE (subs.):
     I A walk:
     1 vihāraḥ or viharaṇam (= amusing);
     2 vicaraṇam.
     II A place: no equiv.: vihārapradeśaḥ (?).

PROMENADE (v.):
     1 viharati (hṛ, c. 1, = to amuse), R. vi. 57.;
     2 vicarati (car, c. 1.), p. d with my friends: saha sakhījanena vyacaram, K.

PROMINENCE, PROMINENCY:
     1 unnatatā;
     2 unnatiḥ sam-, the p. of my mind is like the p. s of your summit: manasaḥ śikharāṇāñca sadṛśī te samunnatiḥ, Ku. vi. 66.: v. Also eminence.

PROMINENT:
     1 samunnata (f. );
     2 udagra (f. grā): v. High, eminent.

PROMINENTLY:
     1 prādhānyena;
     2 viśeṣeṇa (= specially);
     3 spaṣṭam (= clearly).

PROMISCUOUS:
     1 prakīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 saṃkīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     3 miśrita (f. = mixed);
     4 avivikta (f. ktā = indiscriminate).

PROMISCIOUSLY:
     1 nirviśeṣeṇa (= without any distinction);
     2 aviviktam (= indiscriminately);
     3 saṅkīrṇam.

PROMISE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pratijānīte (jñā, c. 9.), p. ing very well to Droṇa: tatheti ca pratijñāya droṇāya, Mah. i. 137. 14.;
     2 prati-śṛṇoti (śru, c. 5.), Rāma p. d them to remedy the danger: pratiśuśrāva kākutsthastebhyo vighnapratikriyām, R. xv. 4.
     II To furnish hopes: the crops p. well: phrlāśaṃsīni śasyāni; he is a p. ing youth: vardhiṣṇurayaṃ yuvā.

PROMISE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pratijñā -tam, afraid of breach of p.: pratijñā-bhaṅgabhīruḥ, Ve. iii.; to fulfil a p.: pratijñāṃ pūrayati, Ve. iv.;
     2 pratiśravaḥ or pratiśrutiḥ (rare);
     3 aṅgīkāraḥ (= avowal).
     II Expectation, prospect: expr. with āśā, a man of the highest p.: atyāśājanano'yaṃ lokaḥ (?).

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PROMISSORY NOTE: *pratiśravapatram.

PROMONTORY:
     1 bhūnāsikā, Williams;
     2 ṭillaḥ -kaḥ (?).

PROMOTE:
     I To exalt, elevate:
     1 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh);
     2 unnatiṃ nayati (, c. 1.), Mr. x. 51.
     II To further, aid: q. v.
     III To excite: pravartayati (c. of vṛt).

PROMOTER:
     1 pravartayitṛ (f. trī = setter on);
     2 protsāhayitṛ (f. trī = encourager).

PROMOTION:
     I The act:
     1 vardhanam;
     2 unnatiḥ (= exaltation):
     II Honour, advancement: perh. unnatiḥ padavṛddhiḥ.

PROMPT (adj.):
     I Of men:
     1 satvara (f. = quick, ready);
     2 with adv. kṣipram (= quickly), avilambena (= without delay), etc.
     II Of acts expr. by adv.

PROMPT (v.):
     I To incite:
     1 utsāhayati pra-, (c. of sah);
     2 pra-ṇo(co)dayati (nud or cud, c. 10.);
     3 pravartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To Assist by suggesting: perh.: avabodhayati (c. of budh).

PROMPTER:
     1 protsāhaka (f. hikā);
     2 avabodhaka (f. dhikā): v. To prompt.

PROMPTITUDE, PROMPTNESS:
     1 tvarā, Ku. iii. 63.;
     2 autsukyam (= zeal), M. n.;
     3 avilambaḥ (= want of delay);
     4 kṣipratā (= quickness.).

PROMPTLY:
     1 satvaram;
     2 tvaritam;
     3 avilambena;
     4 kṣipram.

PROMULGATE: ghoṣayati ut-, (ghuṣ, c. 10.): v. To proclaim.

PROMULGATION: udghoṣaṇam: v. Proclamation.

PROMULGATOR: udghoṣaka (f. ṣikā): v. Proclaimer.

PRONE:
     I Inclined, disposed: pravaṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Bent, not erect:
     1 nata (f. );
     2 praṇata (f. );
     3 namra (f. mrā).
     III With the face downward:
     1 adhomukha (f. khī);
     2 avāṅbhu kha (f. khī): and sim. comp.s.

PRONENESS:
     1 pravaṇatā;
     2 namratā: for dif.: v. Above.

PRONG:
     1 śūla (mn. ?);
     2 śikhā (?).

PRONOMINAL: expr. by comp.: v. Pronoun.

PRONOUN: sarvanāman (n.); personal, possessive, relative, interrogative p.: puruṣavācakaṃ svatvadyotakaṃ sambandhajñāpakaṃ praśnārthakaṃ sarvanāma (?).

PRONOUNCE:
     I To speak distinctly: uccārayati (c. of car), how clearly he p. s letters: asya spaṣṭatā varṇoccāraṇe, K.
     II To utter, deliver:
     1 udīrayati (īr, c. 10.);
     2 perh. uccārayati, p. ing these words: uccārya vācamiti, Ki. xi. 81.
     III To declare, affirm: q. v.: bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.).

PRONUNCIATION: uccāraḥ -ṇam, p. of words: śabdoccāraṇam, Say.; knowing p.: uccāraṇajñaḥ, Si. iv. 18. Science of Vedic p.: śikṣā, Say.

PROOF (subs.):
     I In gen.: pramāṇam, a thing is proved by marks and p. s.: lakṣaṇaprabhāṇābhyāṃ vastusiddhiḥ, Say.; it cannot enter the precincts of p.: tadapi na pramāṇakoṭiṃ praveṣṭumiṣṭe, D. s.
     II Trial, test: q. v.: parīkṣā.
     III P. sheet: *parīkṣāpatram.

PROOF (adj.): water-p.: jalābhedya (f. dyā); p. against argument: yuktibhirahārya (f. ryā); (their) minds are p. against temptation: calati nayānna hi cetaḥ, Ki. x. 29.

PROP (subs.):
     1 āśrayaḥ (lit. and fig.);
     2 śaraṇam (fig.);
     3 upaghnam (rare), R. xiv. 1.;
     4 ālambaḥ -nam (lit.).

PROP (v.): saṃ- dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.): v. To support, sustain.

PROPAGATE (v. t.):
     I To reproduce:
     1 saṃjanayati (jan, c. 10.);
     2 saṃvardhayati (c. of vṛdh, = to increase).
     II To spread: q. v.: vistārayati (stṝ, c. 10.).

PROPAGATE (v. i.): śāvakān sūte pra-, (, c. 2.) or janayati pra-, (jan, c. 10.).

PROPAGATION:
     I Lit.: saṃjananam.
     II Extension, dissemination: pracāraḥ.

PROPEL: pra-ṇudati (nud, c. 6.).

PROPELLER: pracodakayantram.

PROPENSE: pravaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Prone, inclined.

PROPENSITY:
     1 pravaṇatā (= inclination);
     2 śīlam (= disposition);
     3 vyasanam (= passion).

PROPER:
     I Right, becoming:
     1 yuktaḥ (ktā ktaṃ), upa-; was it p. for you...... yuktaṃ nāma mavatām...... Ve. iii.;
     2 ucita (f. ), sam-, it is p. for us to attend to the stranger: ucitaṃ no'tithiparyupāsanam, Sa. i. Ph.: I will do what is p.: yathārhamācariṣyāmi, K.; should do what is p.: kuryādyathocitam, H.
     II Own: q. v.: sva (f. svā).
     III Peculiar: q. v.: viśeṣa- in comp. Ph.: p. noun: perh. viśeṣanāman (n.); saṃjñā, Pāṇini, Vi. 3. 57.

PROPERLY:
     I Suitably, fitly:
     1 yuktam up-;
     2 ucitam sam-;
     3 better by adj.
     II Strictly:
     1 tattvataḥ;
     2 vathārthataḥ.

PROPERTY:
     I Quality: q. v.:
     1 dharmaḥ;
     2 guṇaḥ.
     II What is possessed:
     1 sampattiḥ;
     2 dravyam (= thing), immoveable and moveable p.: sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ dravyam, Vri.;
     3 dhanam (= money), woman's p.: strīdhanam, Mi.;
     4 arthaḥ (= 3.), of paternal p.: pitryasyārthasya, Da.;
     5 vittam.: v. Money;
     6 svam (rare), divided p.: vibhaktaṃ svam, Da.

PROPHECY: perh. bhaviṣyadvādaḥ and sim. comp.s.; better by verb.

PROPHESY:
     1 kathayati (kath, c. 10. = to say) or vi- ādiśati (diś, c. 6. = to direct) (when the sense is clear);
     2 anāgataṃ (f. tāṃ) or maviṣyantaṃ (ntīṃ t) vadati (vad, c. 1.), etc.

PROPHET, PROPHETERS:
     1 siddha (f. ddhā), saying of a p.: siddhādeśaḥ Ram. i.;
     2 sādhu (f. dhvī), it was told by a p. in my presence: śivādeśakena sādhunā matsamakṣaṃ vyādiṣṭā, Mal. i.;
     3 bhaviṣyadvaktṛ (f. ktrī: (?).

PROPHETIC, -AL: expr. by verb or circumlo.

PROPHETICALLY:
     1 perh. siddhavat or sādhuvat;
     2 by circumlo.

PROPINQUITY: sannikarṣaḥ: v. Nearness.

PROPITIATE:
     1 prasādayati (c. of sad), p. d Durvāsas: durvāsasaṃ prasādayamāsa, V. p. i. 9., 18.;
     2 anurañjayati (c. of rañj = conciliate).

PROPITIATION:
     I The act.:
     1 prasādanam nā, attended to the p. of gods: prasādanāmādriyatāmarāṇām, N. xiv. 1.;
     2 anurañjanam (= conciliation).
     II The means: baliḥ (= offering).

PROPITIATOR:
     1 prasādaka (f. dikā);
     2 anurañjaka (f. ñjikā).

PROPITIATORY (adj.):
     1 prasādana (f. );
     2 anurañjaka (f. ñjikā).

PROPITIOUS:
     I Favourable, kind: q. v.:
     1 prasanna (f. nnā);
     2 sadaya (f. ).
     II Auspicious:
     1 śubha (f. bhā);
     2 kalyāṇa (f. ṇī);
     3 maṅgala (f. );
     4 maṅgalya (f. lyā);
     5 kalyāṇakara (f. );
     6 kṣemaṃkara (f. ); etc.

PROPITIOUSLY:
     I Kindly: q. v.: prasannamanasā.
     II Auspiciously: expr. by adj.

PROPITIOUSNESS:
     I Kindness: q. v.: prasādaḥ.
     II Auspiciousness: expr. by adj., p. of season: śubhatuḥ.

PROPORTION:
     I Symmetrical arrangement: perh. aṅgasauṣṭhavam. Ph.: her body is in perfect p.: tasyāścaturasraśomi (anyūnātiriktam, M. n.) vapuḥ, Ku. i. 32.; the building is out of p.: *viṣamaparimāṇaṃ harmyam.
     II Share, lot: q. v.: aṃśaḥ.
     III Relation, adaptation: q. v.: sambandhaḥ. Ph.: in p. to his strength: tasya vīryānusāreṇa: v. According.
     IV In math.: *sambandhasāmyam; the four quantities are in p.: te catvāro rāśayaḥ samānaniṣpattiyutā bhavanti, K. d.

PROPORTION (v.): perh. samīkaroti: v. Also to adjust.

PROPORTIONAL:
     I Lit.: samapramāṇa (f. ṇā ?).
     II In math.: v. Proportion (IV.).

PROPORTIONALLY, PROPORTIONATELY:
     1 yathāpramāṇam;
     2 sometimes pratipratīkam (= in every limb.).

PROPOSAL:
     1 upanyāsaḥ;
     2 prastāvaḥ;
     3 kalpaḥ.

PROPOSE:
     1 upanyasyati (as, c. 4. = to put forward);
     2 prastauti (stu, c. 2.) or prastāvaṃ karoti (as a beginning);
     3 kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10. = to devise, intend: q. v.).

PROPOSER: expr. by verb.

PROPOSITION:
     I Proposal: q. v.
     II In logic etc.: pratijñā.
     III In gram.: vākyam.
     IV In Poetry: kathāmukham.

PROPOUND:
     1 upanyasyati (as, c. 4.);
     2 upakṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), p. another doctrine: pakṣāntaramupakṣipanti, D. s.

PROPRIETARY: expr. by comp., p. right: svāmyadhikāraḥ.

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PROPRIETOR: svāmin (m.): v. Owner.

PROPRIETORSHIP: svāmyam svāmitvam, or svāmibhāvaḥ, Da.

PROPRIETRESS:
     1 svāminī;
     2 by verb.

PROPRIETY:
     1 saṅgatatā: v. Fitness;
     2 aucityam, with p.: samucitam: v. Also civility.

PROPULSION:
     1 praṇodaḥ -nam;
     2 pracodaḥ -nam.

PROROGATION: vyākṣepaḥ: v. Postponement.

PROROGUE: vyākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To postpone.

PROSAIC:
     I Lit.: gadya- in comp.
     II Dull, dry: q. v.: nīrasa (f. ).

PROSCRIBE:
     I Lit.: perh. apapātrayati (nomi.) or apapātrīkaroti.
     II To reject, interdict: q. v.: nirasyati (as, c. 4.).

PROSCRIPTION:
     I Lit.: apapātrīkaraṇam.
     II Rejection: nirasanam.

PROSE (subs.): gadyam, p. writer: gadyalekhakaḥ; p. smelling poetry (i. e. intermixed with poetical feet): vṛttagandhi gadyam, Sah. vi.

PROSE (adj.):
     I Lit.: gadya- in comp.
     II Dull, plain: q. v.

PROSE (v.):
     I Lit.: gadyena likhati: v. To write.
     II To talk or relate in a prosy manner: perh. gadyāyate (nomi.).

PROSECUTE:
     I In law:
     1 abhiyojayati (yuj, c. 10. = to accuse: q. v.);
     2 nivedayati (c. of vid = to inform: q. v.).
     II To pursue, continue: anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.).

PROSECUTION:
     I In law: abhiyogaḥ: v. Accusation, information.
     II Pursuit:
     1 anusaraṇam;
     2 anuṣṭhānam (= perpetration).

PROSECUTOR: abhiyoktṛ (m.): arthin (m.) (= petitioner).

PROSECUTRIX: abhiyoktrī abhiyogakāriṇī.

PROSELYTE:
     1 minnadharmaga (f. : ?);
     2 dharmāntaragrāhin (f. ṇī): ?): v. Convert.

PROSERLYTISM:
     1 bhinnadharmagrāhaṇam (?); dharmāntaranayanam (?), etc.

PROSELYTIZE:
     1 bhinnadharmaṃ grāhayati (c. of graha: ?). p. to Christianity: kṛṣṭadharmaṃ grāhayati;
     2 dharmāntaraṃ nayati ( c. 1.: ?); etc.

PROSODICAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 chāndasa (f. ).

PROSODIAN:
     1 chandojña (f. jñā);
     2 chandaḥśāstraviśārada (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PROSODY:
     1 chandas (n.);
     2 chandaḥśāstram; and sim. comp.s. Pingala's p.: piṅgalacchendaḥsūtram.

PROSOPIA: samāsoktiḥ, Kav. x. 11. 56.

PROSPECT:
     I View: q. v.: dṛṣṭiḥ, a grand p. of the world is on view: āścaryadarśanaḥ saṃlakṣyate manuṣyalokaḥ, Sa. vii.
     II Field of view:
     1 cakṣurviṣayaḥ;
     2 with dṛṣṭigocara (f. ).
     III Anticipation: āyatiḥ, of unpolluted p. s: adūṣitāyati (mfn.), Ki. ii. 35.
     IV Expectation; āśā or pratyāśā (= hope).

PROSPECTIVE:
     I Relating to future: expr. with āyatiḥ or uttarakālaḥ, highly conducive to p. good: upakārakamāyaterbhṛśam, Ki. ii. 43.
     II Circumspect: q. v.

PROSPECTIVELY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Prospective (I), future.

PROSPER:
     I To favour: q. v.: anukūlayati.
     II To thrive, make gain: expr. by adj.: v. Prosperous.

PROSPERITY:
     I In gen.:
     1 ṛddhiḥ sam-, fortune is p.: ṛddhiḥ śrīḥ, V. p. i. 8. 25.;
     2 sampad (f. = good fortune), with little p.: svalpayā sampadā, Si. ii. 32.;
     3 aiśvaryam (lordly), mad with p.: aiśvaryamatta (f. ttā), V. p. i. 9. 12.
     II Advancement:
     1 udayaḥ;
     2 unnatiḥ.

PROSPEROUS:
     I Successful:
     1 samṛddha (f. ddhā);
     2 śrīmat (f. );
     3 aiśvaryaśālin (f. = rich).
     II Favourable: q. v.: anukūla (f. ).

PROSPEROUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

PROSTITUTE (subs.):
     1 veśyā (also used as a term of reproach to other woman);
     2 paṇyastrī and sim. comp.s.;
     3 veśavadhūḥ, Mr.;
     4 sādhāraṇastrī, Mr.;
     5 svādhīnayauvanā, Mr.; v. Courtesan.

PROSTITUTION:
     I Lit.: veśyāvṛttiḥ.
     II Fig.: perh. nīcavṛttitā.

PROSTRATE (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhūmiśaya (f. = laid on the ground):
     2 sāṣṭāṅgapraṇata (f. = in supplication);
     3 patita (f. = fallen).
     II Fig.: broken down: avasanna (f. nnā).

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PROSTRATE (v.):
     I Lit.: will p. himself to make p. supplication: daṇḍapraṇāmaṃ kurvan kāyaprapātaṃ kurute, Vet.; p. yourself before the goddess: devyai daṇḍapraṇāmena praṇam, Vet.: v. To fell, prostrate (adj. II).
     II To demolish, destroy: q. v.: pātayati (c. of pat).
     III To reduce, breakdown: avasādayati (c. of sad).

PROSTRATION:
     I In adoration: expr. with daṇḍapraṇāmaḥ sāṣṭāṅgapraṇāmaḥ, or praṇipātaḥ.
     II Dejection: q. v.: avasādaḥ.
     III Ruin: q. v.: pātaḥ.

PROSY: perh. dīrghasūtra (f. trā): v. Also dull.

PROTEAN: fig.:
     1 bahumāya (f. );
     2 bahurūpin (f. ṇī), and sim. comp.s.

PROTECT:
     1 rakṣati saṃ- abhi- pari- prati-, (rakṣ, c. 1.), shall always p. self even at the expense of wife and wealth: ātmānaṃ satataṃ rakṣeddārairapi dhanairapi, M. vii. 213;
     2 gopāyati abhi-, (gup, c. 1.), p. ed her like the world: urvīmiva jugopa tām, R. ii. 3.: v. Also to save.

PROTECTION:
     I Lit.:
     1 rakṣā or rakṣaṇam abhi- pari- saṃ-;
     2 guptiḥ, p. of the three worlds: tribhuvanaguptiḥ, Ki. x. 15.
     II That which protects:
     1 āśrayaḥ;
     2 śaraṇam, how can I seek another for p.: kathaṃ prapatsye śaraṇārthamanyam, R. xiv. 64.
     III In commerce: svadeśapaṇyarakṣārthaṃ videśīyapaṇyānāmuparyadhikaśulkasaṃsthāpanam.

PROTECTIVE: expr. by comp., p. duties: *rakṣāśulkāni.

PROTECTOR, PROTECTRESS:
     1 rakṣaka (f. kṣikā); saṃ- pari-;
     2 rakṣitṛ (f. trī), saṃ- pari-;
     3 goptṛ (f. ptrī);
     4 gopāyaka (f. yikā).

PROTECTORATE: perh. śāsanam, during his p.: śāsati tasmin.

PROTEGE (f. ee):
     1 āśrita (f. );
     2 perh. pālita (f. ).

PROTEST (v.)
     I To avow, assert: q. v,: pratijānīte (jñā, c. 9.).
     II To p. against: viruddhaṃ vadati (vad, c. 1.: with gen.).

PROTEST (subs.): perh. viruddhavādaḥ or prativādaḥ.

PROTESTANT: *romakamataprativādin (f. ).

PROTESTANTISM: *romakamataprativādaḥ.

PROTOCOL: perh. ādilekhaḥ.

PROTOTYPE:
     I Lit.: ādarśaḥ.
     II Of men.: perh. guruḥ.

PROTRACT:
     I To prolong: vitanoti (tan, c. 5.).
     II To delay: q. v.: vilambayati (c. of lamb). P. ed.: i. e. long: sudīrgha (f. rghā).

PROTRUDE:
     I Trans.:
     1 prasārayati (c. of sṛ);
     2 perh. nirgamayati (c. of gam).
     II Intrans:
     1 udbhidyate (pass. of bhid);
     2 niḥsarati (sṛ, c. 1.).

PROTRUSION:
     1 prasāraṇam (= stretching);
     2 udbhedaḥ (= coming out).

PROTUBERANCE:
     I Tumour: sphoṭaḥ.
     II Prominence, projection: q. v.

PROTUBERANT:
     1 unnata (f. = raised);
     2 pralamba (f. mbā = projecting.)

PROUD:
     I In good sense:
     1 mānin (f. ), abhi-;
     2 mānavat (f. ), abhi-, Ki.
     II In bad sense:
     1 garvita (f. );
     2 dṛpta (f. ptā);
     3 ahaṅkārin (f. ṇī);
     4 sagarva (f. rvā);
     5 darpavat (f. ); etc.

PROUDLY:
     1 sagarvam;
     2 sadarpam;
     3 sāhaṅkāram.

PROVE (v. t.):
     I To test: q. v.: parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     II To establish: q. v.:
     1 pratipādayati (c. of pad), in the first chapter, we have p. d that He is the soul of all us: prathame'dhyāye sa eva sarveṣāṃ na ātmaitat pratipāditam, S. ii. 1.;
     2 sādhayati (c. of sidh), a thing may be p. d without (regular) proof: asatāpi pramāṇena vastu sudhyati, S. p. b.;
     3 vi-bhāvayati (c. l. of bhū rare), and does not p. what he asserts: uktañca na vibhāvayet, M. viii. 56.: v. Also to shew.
     III To verify: pramāṇayati (nomi.), p. ing what Yudhiṣṭhira said: pramāṇayan vākyamajātaśatroḥ, Ki. iii. 24.
     IV To suffer: q. v.: sahate (sah, c. 1.).

PROVE (v. i.):
     1 often by bhavati (= to become);
     2 by circumlo., it has p. d to be false; tadavaimi kaitavam, Ku. iv. 9.: v. Also to turn out.

PROVENDER: for cattle: yavasaḥ: v. Fodder.

PROVERB: janapravādaḥ lokavādaḥ, and sim. comp.s.: the p. that shame is only in the eye: akṣilajjeti janapravādaḥ, N. xiv. 30; as the common p. is if you can get honey in the swallow wort, why should you go to the mountains: tathā ca laukikānāmābhāṇakaḥ" arke cenmadhu vindeta kimarthaṃ parvataṃ vrajet", T.; there is the p. the state of the mind bespeaks of coming pleasure or pain: asti khalu lokapravādaḥ 'āgāmi sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vā hṛdayasamavasthā kathayatī ti, Mal. v.

PROVERBIAL: expr. by subs., p. saying: lokapravādaḥ.

PROVERBIALLY: expr. by subs. or circumlo.

PROVIDE (v. t.):
     I To prepare: q. v.: upakalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.)
     II To furnish, supply: q. v.: saṃ-yojayati (yuj, c. 10.).

PROVIDE (v. i.):
     I With against or for: expr. by circumlo: p. against cold: śītanivāraṇārthaṃ sajjībhavati; p. for education: śikṣāmupapādayati (c. of pad).
     II To direct, enjoin: it p. s that: anenaitannirdiṣṭam.........

PROVIDED (conj.):
     1 expr. with yadi and vidhiliṅ, p. he does not come to my house: yadi sa madgṛhaṃ nāgacchet;
     2 sometimes by words meaning but: q. v.

PROVIDENCE:
     I God: q. v.: vidhātṛ (m.).
     II His care: perh., paryavekṣaṇam; hastam (= hand) will often do.

PROVIDENT: paryavekṣaka (f. kṣikā): v. Cautious, prudent.

PROVIDENTIAL: expr. by adv.

PROVIDENTIALLY: īśvarecchayā;
     2 vidhātṛvaśāt; and sim. comp.s.

PROVIDENTLY:
     1 prasamīkṣya;
     2 paryavekṣya;
     3 vimṛśya.

PROVIDER: upakalpaka (f. lpikā): v. To provide, prepare.

PROVIDING (conj.): v. Provided.

PROVINCE:
     I Lit.:
     1 viṣayaḥ;
     2 maṇḍalam;
     3 rāṣṭram (= kingdom).
     II Fig., a division:
     1 viṣayaḥ;
     2 aṅgam (subordinate).
     III Business, duty: q. v.:
     1 kāryam;
     2 niyogaḥ (= employment).
     IV Duty: q. v.: dharmaḥ.

PROVINCIAL (adj.):
     1 by comp.;
     2 deśīya (f. = country).

PROVINCIALISM: of language: deśabhāṣā, K.

PROVISION:
     I Providing: upakalpaḥ -nam.
     II Provisions: q. v.
     III Condition, disputation: samayaḥ.
     IV Arrangement: vidhānam.

PROVISONAL:
     1 sāmayika (f. );
     2 āpāta- in comp.

PROVISIONALLY:
     1 āpāta- in comp.;
     2 āpātataḥ;
     3 perh. tatkālam.

PROVISIONS:
     1 sāmagrī;
     2 pātheyam (for a journey);
     3 upaskaraḥ (= any article), she carrying p. s and other things: tayohyamānapātheyādyupaskārā, D. vi.;
     4 vīvadhaḥ (= supplies for any army), Si. ii. 64.

PROVISO: apavādaḥ (= exception), Ku. ii. 27.

PROVOCATION:
     1 prakopanam;
     2 krodhoddīpanam;
     3 uttejanam nā.

PROVOCATIVE:
     1 uddīpaka (f. pikā);
     2 uddīpana (f. );
     3 uttejaka (f. jikā).

PROVOKE:
     I To irritate, make angry:
     1 pra-kopayati (c. of kup);
     2 kopaṃ or krodhaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.) or uddīpayati (c. of dīp).
     II To excite: q. v.:
     1 uddīpayati;
     2 uttejayati (c. of tij).
     III To challenge: āhvayate (hve, c. 1.).

PROVOKING (adj.):
     1 krodhoddīpaka (f. pikā);
     2 prakopana (f. ); etc.

PROVOKINGLY: expr. by adj. or pres. part.

PROVOST: perh. nāyakaḥ.

PROW:
     1 nāvo'grabhāgaḥ;
     2 potāgram;
     3 sim. agrama (when clear).

PROWESS: vīryam: v. Valour.

PROWL: bhramati or bhrāmyati pari-, (bhram, c. 1. and 4.), p. ing about: itastataḥ paribhraman, P. i. 2.

PROWLER: expr. by verb.: v. Also plunderer.

PROXIMATE: sannikṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Near.

PROXIMATELY:
     1 sannikarṣeṇa;
     2 by adj. or circumlo.

PROXIMITY:
     1 sannikarṣaḥ;
     2 sannidhiḥ or -dhānam;
     3 naikaṭyam.

PROXY:
     I A substitute: pratinidhiḥ, I have been sent as his p.: svapratinidhiḥ preṣito'smi, B. v. I.;
     2 pratihastaḥ -kaḥ, and in procreating children, there are no p. ies: putrasyotpādane caiva na santi pratihastakāḥ, H. ii. 33.
     II His agency: expr. with above words.
     III An authority to vote: pratihastapatram.

PRUDE:
     1 ativinīta (f. ?);
     2 maukhikaśālīna: (f. : in bad sense).

PRUDENCE: vivekaḥ, Ki. ii. 30.: v. Also wisdom, circumspection.

PRUDENT:
     1 vivekin (f. );
     2 vibhṛśyakārin (f. ṇī): v. Circumspect;
     3 prājña (f. jñā): v. Wise;
     4 matimat (f. = 3), Ki. ii. 52.

PRUDENTIAL:
     I Lit.: viveka- in comp. Ph.: from p. considerations: svārthasamīkṣayā.
     II Advisory: upadeśaka (f. śikā).

PRUDENTLY:
     1 vivicya;
     2 prasamīkṣya;
     3 vimṛśya.

PRUDERY:
     1 ativinītatā (?);
     2 maukhikaśālīnatā (in bad sense).

PRUDDISH: v. Prude.

PRUNE (subs.): i. e. dried plum: *protam.

PRUNE (v.): agrāṇi (= tops) or anāvaśyakaviṭapāni (= branches) lunāti ava-, (lu, c. 9.: with gen.): v. To cut.

PRUNER: expr. by verb.

PRUNING-KNIFE:
     1 churikā (gen. term);
     2 *viṭapakartarikā.

PRURIENCE: kaṇḍūḥ -tiḥ -yā -yanam (lit. and fig.), Si. i. 48.

PRURIENT:
     I Lit.: kaṇḍūla (f. ).
     II Fig.: abhilāṣuka (f. ).

PRY:
     1 anusandhatte (dhā, c. 3. with acc.);
     2 vicinoti: v. To search.

PRYING (adj.):
     1 anusandhitsu (mfn.);
     2 jijñāsu (mfn. = inquisitive).

PSALM: stotram; (more correctly) pāścātyavedastotram.

PSALMIST: *stotrakāraḥ or -racayitṛ (m.) or -lekhakaḥ.

PSALMODY:
     I The art: *stotrasaṅgītam.
     II Psalms: stotrāṇi (n. pl.).

PSALTER: stotrasaṃhitā; stotrasaṃgrahaḥ.

PSALTERY: tantrīviśeṣaḥ.

PSEUDO: expr. by mithyā: v. False; kṛtrima-: Counterfeit.

PSHAW:
     1 dhik (= fie);
     2 apehi (= away);
     3 āḥ (= what).

PSYCHIC, -AL: expr. by comp., p. knowledge: manovijñānam.

PSYCHOLOGIC, -AL: ānvīkṣikīviṣayakaḥ (kā kaṃ), etc.

PSYCHOLOGIST: ānvīkṣikīviśāradaḥ (dā daṃ); *manodarśanajñaḥ (jñā jñaṃ).

PSYCHOLOGY: ānvīkṣikī; *manodarśanam.

PTARMIGAN: vanyapakṣibhedaḥ.

PUBERTY:
     1 vayas (n. = age), who has attained p.: prāptavayaska (f. skā);
     2 yauvanam (= youth: q. v.).

PUBLIC (adj.):
     I Of the p.: expr. by comp. or gen., for the p. good: prakṛtihitāya, Sa. vii., lokānugrahaḥ, R. x. 31.; afraid of p. scandal: jananirvādabhayāt, Ki. ii. 10.
     II Relating to the state: p. affairs: rājakāryāṇi; at the p. expenses: rājavyayena (better rāṣṭravyayena, though uncommon).
     III Not private or secret: prakāśa (f. śā). keeping in p.: prakāśāvasthāpanam, D. iv.; p. woman: prakāśanārī, Mr. iii.
     IV Open to common uses: sādhāraṇa- in comp.

PUBLIC (subs.):
     1 lokāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 janāḥ (m. pl.);
     3 prakṛtayaḥ (f. pl. = subjects);
     4 prajāḥ (= 3.).

PUBLICHOUSE:
     1 śauṇḍikālayaḥ;
     2 śuṇḍāpānam;
     3 surāpaṇaḥ (?).

PUBLICAN:
     I Tax-collector: q. v.
     II An inn-keeper: śauṇḍikaḥ (f. : spirit-selling caste in India).

PUBLICATION:
     I The act: prakāśanam: v. To publish.
     II A book or pamphlet published: prakāśitagranthaḥ and sim. expr. s.

PUBLICIST: *sādhāraṇavidhijñaḥ; sādhāraṇavidhipaṇḍitaḥ; etc.

PUBLICITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 prakāśatā;
     2 by verb. to bring into p.: prakāśīkaroti.
     II Renown: q. v.: khyātiḥ.

PUBLICLY:
     1 prakāśam;
     2 lokasamakṣam and sim. comp.s.

PUBLIC-SPIRITED: perh. manasvin (f. ); lokānurāgin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.

PUBLISH:
     I To make public: prakāśīkaroti: v. To disclose, reveal.
     II Of books: perh. prakāśīkaroti.
     III To put into circulation: pracārayati (c. of car).

PUBLISHER:
     1 prakāśaka (f. śikā);
     2 pracāraka (f. rikā): v. To publish.

PUCKERED: saṃkucita (f. ): v. To wrinkle.

PUDDING: no equiv.: miṣṭānnam may be used.

PUDDLE:
     I Subs.:
     1 vartarūka (rare);
     2 perh. paṅkilajalam and sim. comp.s.
     II Verb.: paṅkīkaroti: v. Also to pollute, muddle.

PUERILE:
     1 bāliśa (f. śā);
     2 bāleya (f. );
     3 bālocita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PUERLITY:
     1 bāliśatā;
     2 bāleyatā (rare);
     3 bāliśabuddhiḥ and sim. comp.s.

PUERPERAL: sūtikā- in comp., p. diseases: sūtikārogāḥ, Bha.

PUFF (subs.):
     I Lit.: phutkāraḥ.
     II Fig.: perh. dhyānam ā- abhi-.

PUFF (v. t.):
     I In gen.: dhamati; ā- pra- upa- abhi- samā- (dhmā, c. 1.).: v. To inflate, swell.
     II To drive away: apanudati (nud, c. 6.).

PUFF (v. i.):
     I To pant: viniḥśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.).
     II To be inflated: expr. with ādhmāta (f. ).

PUFFERY: perh. ādhmānam; mithyāsaṃstavaḥ (or sim. stutiḥ, R. x. 33.).

PUFFY: ādhmāta (f. ): v. Also bombastic.

PUG:
     I A dog: markaṭāsyaḥ kukku raḥ.
     II A monkey: q. v.: markaṭaḥ.
     III Of the nose: p. -nosed: cipiṭa (f. ṭā), -ka (f. ).

PUGILISM:
     1 muṣṭiyuddham;
     2 with adv. muṣṭīmuṣṭi;
     3 mallayuddham (gen. term.).

PUGLIST: muṣṭiyodha (f. dhī) or -yoddhṛ (f. ddhrī) or -yodhin (f. ).

PUGILISTIC: v. Pugilism, pugilist.

PUGNACIOUS:
     1 kalahapriya (f. = quarrelsome);
     2 yuyutsu (mfn. = disposed to fight).

PUGNACITY:
     1 kalahapriyatā;
     2 yuyutsutā: for dif.: v. above.

PUSSANCE:
     1 parākramaḥ;
     2 vikramaḥ: v. Strength, power.

PUISSANT:
     1 parākrānta (f. ntā);
     2 vikrānta (f. ntā): v. Powerful, strong.

PULE:
     I Of birds: kūjati (kūj, c. 1.).
     II To whine: roditi (rud, c, 2.).

PULL (v. t.): karṣati ā- samā- pari-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.), (your) wife was p. ed by the hair: kṛṣṭā keśeṣu bhāryā, Ve. v.; p. s out a snake from the basket: bhujaṅgamākāyāḥ, V. t.

PULL (v. i.):
     1 karṣati;
     2 vāhayati (c. of vah) or codayati (cud, c. 10.), Ram. ii. (in rowing).

PULL DOWN: pātayati (c. of pat), suddenly p.s. (him) down by the hair: keśeṣu gṛhītvā pātayati, Mr. vi.

PUFF OFF:
     I Lit.: niṣkarṣayati.
     II To take off: q. v.: apanayati (, c. 1.).

PUFF UP:
     I To eradicate, extirpate: q. v.: utpāṭayati (paṭ, c. 10.).
     II To draw the reins: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

PULLING (subs.): karṣaḥ -ṇam ā- vi- saṃ-, by p.: vikarṣaṇaiḥ, Ki. iv. 15.

PULLET:
     1 kṣudrakukkuṭī;
     2 kukkuṭaśāvaḥ.

PULLEY: *karṣacakram.

PULLULATE: aṅkurayati (nomi.): v. Sprout, germinate.

PULMONARY, PULMONIC: phuṣphusa- in comp.

PULP:
     1 majjā;
     2 sāraḥ;
     3 bījam (of seedy fruits), N. xxii. 14.

PULPIT: nearest equiv. pīṭham.

PULPOUS, PULPY: perh. majjābahula (f. ) or sārabhūyiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) or bījamaya (f. ): for dif.: v. Pulp.

PULSATE:
     1 ceṣṭate (ceṣṭ, c. 1. = to act);
     2 calati (cal, c. 1.): v. Also to throb.

PULSATION:
     1 nāḍīceṣṭā (of the arteries), Bha.;
     2 gatiḥ (= motion), very rapid p.: atidrutā gatiḥ, Bha.

PULSE:
     I Of blood-vessels: nāḍiḥ (ḍī), examination of p.: nāḍīparīkṣā, Bha.; (p.) is slow from phlegm: kaphānmandagatirjñeyā, Bha.
     II Oscillation, vibration: q. v.
     III Any leguminous plant:
     1 śamī- (śimbī) -dhānyam;
     2 śamī(śimbī)-jaḥ;
     3 vaidalaḥ, Bha.

PULVERIZATION:
     1 cūrṇīkaraṇam;
     2 reṇūkaraṇam;
     3 by verb.

PULVERIZE (v.): cūrṇīkaroti: v. To pound, grind.

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PULVERULENCE: reṇutvam, R. xvi. 30.: v. Powder.

PULVERULENT: v. Powdery, dusty.

PUMA: śārdūlaviśeṣaḥ.

PUMICE, -STONE: *bomakam bomakopalam.

PUMMEL: v. Pommel.

PUMP (subs.):
     I A machine: bambavam -yantram.
     II A shoe: pādukāviśeṣaḥ.

PUMP (v. t.):
     I To raise: q. v.: uttolayati (tul, c. 10.).
     II To draw out: niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.). To p. out: i. e. to drain, empty: riktīkaroti.

PUMP (v. i.): *bambabena jalamuttolayati.

PUMPKIN: kuṣmāṇḍaḥ (the plant. Use n. or -phalam for the fruit).

PUN:
     I Subs.: no equiv.: śleṣaparihāsaḥ (?): v. Joke.
     II Verb.: śleṣaparihāsaṃ karoti (?).

PUNCH (subs.):
     I The drink: perh. pañcakam.
     II Of a puppet show: perh. pañcālaḥ -kaḥ (comp. pañcālikā = doll).
     III A tool: *saṃvedhanī.
     IV A blow, stroke: q. v.

PUNCH (v.):
     I To p. out.: *saṃvedhanyā bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.).
     II To strike, poke: q. v.: praharati (hṛ, c. 1.).

PUNCHY: sthūlakāya (f. ), kharva (f. rvā): v. Fat.

PUNCHEON:
     I A punch: *saṃvedhanī.
     II A cask: kuṇḍam (?).

PUNCTILIO: sūkṣmaniyamaḥ; sūkṣmavidhiḥ, and sim. comp.s. (?).

PUNCTILIOUS: no proper equiv.:
     1 sakṣmaniyamaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 vidhivratin (f. );
     3 ācāradhvaja (f. ); and sim. comp.s. may be used.

PUNCTILIOUSLY: expr. by adj. ācāraikadṛṣṭiḥ (mfn.) etc.

PUNCTILIOUSNESS:
     1 niyamaikadṛṣṭiḥ (?);
     2 vidhivratam (?);
     3 ācāraniṣṭhā (?), and sim. comp.s.

PUNCTUAL:
     I Exact, precise: q. v.
     II About time:
     1 perh. kālānuvartin (f. );
     2 with yathāsamayam, you are very p. today: adya yathāsamayamāgato bhavān.

PUNCTUALITY, PUNCTUALNESS:
     1 kālānuvartitā (?);
     2 with adv. yathāsamayam or yathākālam.

PUNCTUALLY:
     1 yathāsamayam;
     2 yathākālam;
     3 niyamitakāle.

PUNCTUATE: virāmacihnāni dadāti (, c. 3.: with gen.) or niveśayati (c. of viś, with gen (?).

PUNCTUATION: *virāmacihnaniveśaḥ -nam; or -dānam; or -aṅkanam.

PUNCTURE (v.): vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.), p. d wound: viddham, Sr.: v. To pierce, prick.

PUNCTURE (subs.):
     1 vedhaḥ;
     2 vedhanam (of the act only).

PUNDIT: paṇḍitaḥ: v. Learned.

PUNGENCY:
     1 tīvratā;
     2 tīkṣṇatā;
     3 ugratā;
     4 prākharyam;
     5 kaṭutā: for dif.: v. Below.

PUNGENT:
     I Of pains etc.:
     1 tīvra (f. vrā);
     2 prakhara (f. );
     3 tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā);
     4 ugra (f. grā).
     II To taste etc.
     1 tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā), black mustard is p. and hot: rājikā tīkṣṇoṣṇā, Bha.; of p. smell: tīkṣṇagandha (f. ndhā). Bha.;
     2 tīvra (f. vrā).
     III Of language:
     1 kaṭu (f. also ṭvī);
     2 marmavidh (mfn. = piercing the vital parts, very p.);
     3 aruntuda (f. = 2.).

PUNISH:
     1 daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10.): may take two acc. If an offence is the object, expr. with the offender, a king p. ing those who do not deserve p. ment: adaṇḍyān daṇḍayan rājā, M.; a washerman wearing another's clothes is to be p. ed with (a fine of) three paṇas: vasānastrīn paṇān daḍṇyo rajakastu parāṃśukam, Y. ii. 241.; in going to a woman of the same caste, (one) is to be p. ed with the highest p. meant: savarṇāgamane tūttamasāhasaṃ daṇḍyaḥ, V. s.;
     2 śāsti (śās, c. 2.: rare), he should be p. d like a thief: cauravacchāsyaḥ, V. s.;
     3 with daṇḍaḥ, p. ing according to the nature of the offence; yathāparādhadaṇḍa (ṇḍā), R. i. 6.

PUNISHABLE:
     I Of men:
     1 daṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā);
     2 daṇḍanīya (f. );
     3 śāsya (f. syā).
     II Of men and offences: daṇḍārha (f. rhā) and sim. comp.s.

PUNISHER:
     1 daṇḍayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 daṇḍapraṇetṛ (f. trī);
     3 śāstṛ (f. strī) or śāsitṛ (f. trī), Vi. iii. 34.

PUNISHMENT:
     1 daṇḍaḥ, wise men consider p. to be virtue: daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ vidurbudhāḥ, M. vii. 18.; to inflict p. on those who deserve it; daṇḍaṃ daṇḍye ṣu praṇayati, 20.; or rarely pātayati, B. iv. 32.; to award p. (fine): daṇḍaṃ dāpayati, V. s.; corporeal p.: śārīro daṇḍaḥ, Mr. ix.; ignoble p.: nikāradaṇḍaḥ, Mr. ix.;
     2 damaḥ (rare: of fines), M. N. B. Legal writers use uttamasāhasam (= highest p.), madhyamasāhasam (= intermediate p.), prathamasāhasam (= first or lowest p.).

PUNITIVE: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. Punishment.

PUNSTER: śle ṣaparihāsavādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

PUNT:
     1 tarāluḥ;
     2 tarāndhuḥ: v. Also boat.

PUNY: kṣudra (f. drā): v. Small.

PUP (subs.): kukku raśāvaḥ -kaḥ: v. Puppy.

PUP (v.): expr. with sūte pra-, (, c. 2.) janayati (jan, c. 10.) or utpādayati (c. of pad) and śāvam -kam, etc. (= young).

PUPIL (subs.):
     I Of the eye:
     1 tārakā;
     2 kanīnikā.
     II A scholar:
     1 śiṣya (f. ṣyā), should teach Brahmin p. s.: adhyāpayeddvijān śiṣyān, Pa.; your p. Mālavikā: śiṣyā vo mālavikā, Māl.;
     2 chātra (f. trī), hostel for p. s: chātranilayaḥ, Va. com.;
     3 antevāsin (f. ) (rare), Ma.

PUPILAGE:
     I Lit.:
     1 śiṣyatvam;
     2 śiṣyāvasthā;
     3 antevāsitvam.
     II Boyhood: q. v.: śiśutvam.

PUPPET:
     I Lit.:
     1 puttalī (likā);
     2 pañcālī (likā);
     3 putrikā;
     4 śālabhañjī (ñjikā: rare);
     II Fig.: krīḍanakam (= plaything).

PUPPET-SHOW: *pañcālīdarśanam; puttalikābhinayaḥ; and sim. comp. s.

PUPPY:
     I Lit.:
     1 kukku raśāvaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 kukkuraśiśuḥ;
     3 bālakukkuraḥ (f. );
     4 kukkuraḍimbhaḥ. (f. mbhā);
     II Fig.: of men: perh. vānaraḥ or markaṭaḥ (= monkey).

PURCHASABLE:
     1 kreya (f. );
     2 kretavya (f. vyā);
     3 krayya (f. yyā).

PURCHASE (v.): krīṇāti or krīṇīte (krī, c. 9.), if a purchaser, after p. ing a commodity considers it to be a bad bargain: krītvā mūlyena yatpaṇyaṃ duṣkrītaṃ manyate krayī, N. s.; do you p. Pandits with thousands of fools: kvacit sahasrairmūrkhāṇāmekaṃ krīṇāsi paṇḍitam, Mah. ii. 5. 84.: v. Also to buy.

PURCHASE (subs.):
     I The act.: krayaḥ (rarely pari- saṃ- upa-).
     II The thing bought: expr. with krīta (f. ).
     III Power: q. v.

PURCHASE-MONEY:
     1 krayamūlyam;
     2 mūlyam: v. Price.

PURCHASER:
     1 kretṛ (f. trī);
     2 krayin (f. ṇī);
     3 krayika (f. ).

PURE:
     I Unmixed, unalloyed: śuddha (f. ddhā), vi-, with hilts of p. ivory: śuddhadantatsaru (mfn.), Mah. ii. 51. 16.; p. gold: śuddhaṃ suvarṇam, Bha.
     II Clear, clean: q. v.: śuddha (f. ddhā), vi-, but on the p. surface of a mirror: śuddhe tu darpaṇatale, Sa. vii.
     III Spotless, chaste:
     1 śuddha (f. ddhā), vi-, internally p.: antaḥśuddha (f. ddhā), Me.; p. fame: viśuddhayaśas, D.;
     2 śuci (mfn.), p. knowledge: śuci śrutam, Ki. ii. 32.
     IV Of language: śuddha (f. ddhā), vi-, Ki.
     V Mere: q. v.: śuddha (f. ddhā), from a p. desire for children: śuddhasantānakāmaiḥ. R. xviii. 53. Ph.: to become p.: śudhyati (śudh, c. 4.); or pūyate (pass. ).

PURELY: śuddham or gen. śuddha- in comp.: v. Chastely, surely, clear.

PURENESS: śuddhatā: v. Purity.

PURGATION:
     1 śodhanam (in every sense), to practise p.; śodhanaṃ śīlayati, Bha.;
     2 recanam (in medical sense).

PURGATIVE:
     I Subs.: virecanam (kam), Bha.
     II Adj.:
     1 śodhana (f. );
     2 śodhaka (f. dhikā);
     3 recana (f. ), vi-, or recaka (f. cikā), vi- (in medical sense).

PURGATORY: yamalokaḥ: v. Also hell.

PURGE (subs.):
     I The act.: śodhanam.
     II A purgative: virecanam.

PURGE:
     1 śodhayati (c. of śudh, in every sense), how to p. gold: svarṇasya śodhanavidhiḥ, Bha.: v. To purify, clear;
     2 recayati vi-, (c. of ric: in medical sense), Bha.

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PURGING (subs.): virecanam nā: v. Diarrhoea, dysentery.

PURIFICATION:
     1 pāvanam, simply for my p.: matpāvanāyaiva, Ku. vi. 61.;
     2 śodhanam pari- vi- saṃ-, M. n.;
     3 śuddhiḥ saṃ- vi- pari-.

PURIFICATION, PURIFICATORY: v. Purifying.

PURIFIER:
     1 pāvaka (f. vikā: rare);
     2 śodhaka (f. dhikā);
     3 by verb.

PURIFY: punāti punīte or pāvayati pari- vi-, (, c. 9. and 10.), who p. ies sins all around: parito duritāni yaḥ punīte, Ki. xviii. 37.; men of holy fame are world-p. ing: lokapāvanāḥ khalu puṇyaślokāḥ. M. n. on Ku. vi. 69.; wishing to p. field produce: balajān pupūṣatā, Si. xiv. 7.;
     2 śodhayati vi- pari- saṃ-, (c. of śudh): v. To clear;
     3 pavitrīkaroti or pavitrayati (nomi.: in fig. sense only), why it will not p. my language: kathaṃ na sā madgiraṃ....pavitrayiṣyati, N. i. 3.

PURIFYING (adj.):
     1 pāvana (f. ), entirely world-p.: jagadekapāvanī, Ki. iii. 32.;
     2 pāvin (f. ), O Lord, (it is due) to p. obeisance to these; pāvinyāstava bhava tannamaskriyāyāḥ, Ki. xviii. 36.;
     3 śodhana (f. ), vi- pari- saṃ-, M. n.

PURIST: perh. viśuddhipriyalekhakaḥ (comp. Ki. xiv. 5.).

PURITAN: paurātana (f. ); pūtaṃmanya (f. nyā).

PURITANIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or gen.

PURITY:
     1 śuddhiḥ, p. of language: viśuddhimukteḥ Ki. xiv. 5.: v. Also clearness;
     2 pavitratā (moral);
     3 Often by adj., p. of life: viśuddhajīvanam: v. Pure, sacred;
     4 niṣkalaṅkatā. (= spotlessness): v. Also clear, sinless.

PURL (subs.):
     I A fringe: rajatacchuritaparyantaḥ or prāntaḥ (??).
     II A drink: no equiv.: madhu (n.) may be used.

PURL (v.): "p. ing stream": perh ghardhararavā sarit, Ma. v. 19.

PURLOIN: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.): v. To steal.

PURLOINER: -muṣ (mfn.) in comp.: v. Thief.

PURPLE (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 nīlalohita (f. );
     2 vārtākusavarṇa (f. rṇā).
     II Fig., bloody: śoṇa (f. ṇā).

PURPLE (subs.):
     1 nīlalohitaḥ;
     2 vārtākusavarṇa (comp. Beguni).

PURPLE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 nīlalohitīkaroti (?);
     2 by adj.
     II Fig.: śoṇīkaroti.

PURPORT (subs.):
     1 abhiprāyaḥ: v. Intention;
     2 bhāvārthaḥ. or bhāvaḥ (of meaning), the p. is...: iti bhāvaḥ, M. n.

PURPORT (v.):
     1 expr. by subs.;
     2 sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.): v. To indicate.

PURPOSE (subs.):
     1 abhiprāyaḥ: v. Intention;
     2 āśayaḥ: v. Design.
     3 arthaḥ: v. Object;
     4 cikīrṣā or cikīrṣitam (= aim);
     5 ākūtam (rare), who thus declared his p.: itīritākūtam, Ki. xiv. 26. Ph.: (a) on p.: v. Purposely; (b) for what p.: kimartham: v. Why; (c) to no p.: nirarthakam: v. Vain, in; (d) for this, that p.: etadartham tadartham: v. For (II, III);
     6 to the p.: (of arguments, words, etc.) upapannam (= appositely) or samyak (= well).

PURPOSE (v.): abhipraiti (i, c. 3.): v. To intend, resolve, wish.

PURPOSELESS:
     1 nirarthaka (f. );
     2 with vṛthā: v. Vain, in.

PURPOSELY:
     1 kāmataḥ: v. Intentionally;
     2 with subs.

PURSE (subs.):
     I Lit.: dhanabhastrikā (D. ii. has ratnabhastrikā)
     II A treasury: q. v.: koṣaḥ.
     III Prize-money: perh. jayadhanam.
     IV Money: q. v.: dhanam, having long p.: prabhūtadhanaśālin (f. ). Ph.: sword and p.: daṇḍakoṣau.

PURSE (v.):
     I Lit.: bhastrikāyāṃ nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     II To contract: q. v.

PURSE-PROUD: dhanagarvita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

PURSER: potasya koṣādhikṛtaḥ and sim. comp.s.

PURSUANCE:
     1 anusaraṇam;
     2 anuvartanam; or anuvṛttiḥ. Ph.: in p. of:
     1 anusāreṇa: v. According to;
     2 by prest. part. anusarat (f. ntī).

PURSUANT: anusārin (f. ṇī), p. to: v. In pursuance of, according to.

PURSUE:
     I To follow (in various senses): q. v.: anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.).
     II To chase:
     1 anusarati (rare), p. d the running (couple) to a great distance: tat palāyamānaṃ sudūramanusasāra, K.;
     2 anudhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.), p. d by Rāvaṇa: rāvaṇenānudhāvitaḥ, M. n.;
     3 anudravati (dru, c. 1.), p. d by whom in war: anudrutaḥ saṃyati yena, Si. i. 52.

PURSUER:
     1 anusārin (f. ṇī);
     2 anudhāvaka (f. vikā): v. Also follower.

PURSUIT:
     I Chasing:
     1 anusaraṇam;
     2 anudhāvanam;
     3 anudravaḥ (rare).
     II Following:
     1 anusaraṇam;
     2 anudhāvanam;
     3 anuvartanam or anuvṛtiḥ.
     III Occupation, employment: q.v.: vyāpāraḥ.

PURSUIVANT: anucaraḥ: v. Also herald.

PURSY:
     I Punchy: q. v.
     II Short-breathed: duḥśvāsin (f. ).

PURULENCE, PURULENCY:
     1 pūyatvam;
     2 sapūyatvam -tā.

PURULENT:
     1 pūyasrāvin (f. ṇī = running with pus.);
     2 sapūya (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (= with pus.).

PURVEY:
     I To provide: q. v.:
     II To procure, get: q. v.
     III To procure food: khādyadravyāṇi āharati. (hṛ, c. 1.).

PURVEYANCE:
     I Provision: upakalpanam.
     II Of food: āhārasamāhāraḥ and sim. comp.s.
     III Provisions, food: q. v.

PURVEYOR: perh. mahābhogikaḥ; āhārādhikṛtaḥ (?).

PUS: pūya (mn.), bloody p.: pūyaśoṇitam, p. that has not come out: aviniḥsṛtaḥ pūyaḥ, Bha.

PUSH (v.):
     I To butt, thrust: q. v.: śṛṅgeṇa āvidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.).
     II To p. aside:
     1 apasārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To drive away;
     2 āvidhyati, successfully p. es it from here: tadito nirbandhyamāvidhyati, Vi. v. 39.
     III To p. forward:
     1 praṇodayati (c. of nud): v. To drive, impel;
     2 cālayati saṃ-, (c. of cal): v. To move.
     IV To press: q. v.: pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).
     V To burst out: udbhinatti (bhid, c. 7.).

PUSH ON:
     I Intrans., to hasten, proceed: q. v.: tvarate (tvar, c. 1.).
     II Trans., to urge, hasten: q. v.: praṇodayati (c. of nud).

PUSH (subs.):
     I A thrust: q. v.: āvedhaḥ.
     II Any pressure or force applied: ādhātaḥ abhighātaḥ, or samādhātaḥ.
     III P. ing aside: apasāraṇam.
     IV Vigorous effort: abhiyogaḥ. V. Extremity, emergency: saṅkaṭam.

PUSHING (adj.):
     I Enterprising, active: q. v.: udyogin (f. ).
     II Bold, foward: q. v.: pragalbha (f. lbhā).

PUSILLANIMITY: kṣudramanaskatā: v. Cowardice, timidity.

PUSILLANIMOUS:
     I Of men: kṣudramanas (mfn.): v. Cowardly, mean.
     II Of conduct etc.:
     1 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 jaghanya (f. nyā).: v. Base, low.

PUSILLANIMOUSLY:
     1 kṣudramanaskatayā;
     2 bhīruvat;
     3 kārpaṇyena.

PUSS, PUSSY: viḍālaḥ: v. Cat.

PUSTULE:
     1 sphoṭaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 raktajo vraṇaḥ or sim. vraṇaḥ.

PUT:
     I To place:
     1 sthāpayati (= to place), p. it in the treasure box: koṣapeṭake sthāpayainam, V.;
     2 ni- dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3 (gen. on something low), p. ting your feet on (my) lap: aṅke te caraṇau nidhāya, Sa.;
     3 āropayati (c. of ruh) (on something high), p. on board the arc: tasyāmāropayernāvi, Mah.;
     4 arpayati sam-, (c. of ) (= to give), p. s the noose on the necks: kaṇṭhe pāśamarpayati, Na.;
     5 dadāti (, c. 3. = 4.), presses and p. s on(her)heart: niṣpīḍya hṛdaye dadāti Na. ii.;
     6 karoti (in some phrases), p. ting (his) feet on our necks: kṛtvā padaṃ no gale, Mu. iii. 26.;
     7 niveśayati saṃ-, (c. of viś to lay), if I p. it in its proper place: yadadīmahameva yathāsthānaṃ niveśayāmi, Sa. iii.;
     8 nyasyati vi-, (as, c. 4 = 7.), shall p. on the ground: bhūmau vinyaset, M. iii. 226.
     II To cause to be: to p. to death: vyāpādayati (c. of pad): v. Death, to p. to; to p. to flight: drāvayati vi-, (c. of dru), p. darkness to f.: tamo'didravat, Si. vi. 43.; p. in mind: manasi kārayati, (c. of kṛ): v. To remind: p. in order: yathāyathaṃ vinyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To arrange, properly; p. in writing: patre niveśayati (c. of viś): v. To enter; p. in fear: bhayam āveśayati (with loc.): v. To frighten; p. in jeopardy: saṃśayaṃ nayati (, c. i) or saṃśayasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ) karoti,
     III In various senses: p. a question: praśnaṃ karoti; p. into Sanskrit: saṃskṛtavācā karoti; the argument is well pl.: samyagudāhṛtopapattiḥ.
     III To incite, urge: q. v.: pravartayati (c. of vṛt).

PUT AWAY:
     I Lit.: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1. = to keep: q. v.).
     II To renounce, drive away: q. v.: nirasyati (as, c. 4.).
     III To divorce: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.).

PUT BACK:
     I To delay: vyākṣipati (kṣip c. 6.).
     II Torestore to original place: p. it. b.: tatra punarapi sthāpaya: v. Put (II)

PUT BY:
     I To put away: rakṣti.
     II To lay aside: ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     III To refuse: q. v.

PUT DOWN:
     I To lay down:
     1 avatārayati (c. of tṝ);
     2 bhūmau etc. (= on the ground) nidadhāti etc.: v. Put (I) II. To degrade: q. v.: avanamayati (c. of nam).
     III To suppress, extinguish: q. v.: pātayati ava-, (c. of pat).

PUT FORTH:
     I To stretch: q. v.: prasārayati (c. of sṛ).
     II To send out:
     1 āviṣkaroti, Sa. iv. 5.;
     2 niṣṭhīvati (ṣṭhīv c. 1. = to spit out), Sa. iv. 5.
     III To exert: q. v.
     IV To utter, propose: q. v.

PUT FORWARD:
     I To allege: udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II To promote, advance: q. v.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).
     III To aid: q. v.: anukulayati.

PUT IN:
     I To introduce: niveśayati saṃ-, (c. of viś).
     II To conduct, as ships: nayati (, c. 1.)
     III In law: perh. pradarśayati (c. of dṛś).

PUT OFF:
     I To postpone: vyākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II To take off, discard: q. v.: unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.).
     III To deceive, delude: q. v.: pratārayati (c. of tṝ).
     IV Of boats: muñcati, the boat is p. o.: muktā nauḥ D. vi.

PUT ON:
     I To wear:
     1 vaste (vas, c. 2.), for ascetics p. on simply skin and bark: tapasvino hivasate kevalājinavalkale, Ki. xi. 15.;
     2 pari- dadhāti or (dhā, c. 3.);
     3 dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 10.);
     4 gṛhṇāti pari-, (grah, c. 9.);
     5 āmuñcati, (muc, c. 6.), why have you p. on this armour: kavacaṃ kimāmuktamidaṃ tvayā, Ki. xi. 15.: v. Also clad in.
     II To assume: q. v.: dhārayati.
     III To impute to: saṃkrāmayati (c. of kram with loc.).
     IV To impose: āsañjayati (c. of sañj with loc.). P. on the crown of i. e. to conclude, finish: q. v.

PUT OUT:
     I As the tongue: bahiṣkaroti.
     II To stretch: q. v.: prasārayati (c. of sṛ).
     III To dislocate: q. v.
     IV To turn out: q. v.: bahiṣkaroti.
     V As the eyes:
     1 uddharati sam-, (hṛ, c. 1.), D.;
     2 utpāṭayati (paṭ, c. 10.).
     VI To extinguish: q. v.:
     1 nirvāpayati (c. of );
     2 śamayati pra- ni-, (c. of śam), p. ting o. lights: niśāmya dīpān, Si. iii. 45.:
     VII To publish: q. v.: prakāśayati.
     VIII To provoke, displease: q. v.: kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh).
     IX At interest: perh.: nidadhāti or -dha (dhā, c. 3.).

PUT OVER:
     I To place in authority: adhisthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To command.
     II To send: q. v.: preṣayati.
     III To postpone: vyākṣipati.

PUT TO:
     I To add: q. v.
     II To expose: q. v. P. hand to: hastaṃ kṣipati. P. to sea: nāvaṃ etc. muktvā samudraṃ gacchati. P. to trial: v. To try. P. to the sword: śiraḥ chinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To slay, behead. To p. to it: pīḍayati: v. To distress. To p. to a stand: v. To stop. See also put (II)

PUT TOGETHER: saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To unite.

PUT UP:
     I To lodge: q. v.: vasati (vas, c. 1.: when intrans.) or vāsaṃ dadāti (, c. 3: when trans.).
     II Gen. with to bear: q. v.: sahate (sah, c. 1.).
     III To expose, offer: q. v.: darśayati (c. of dṛś).
     IV To bring up, as correspondence: samānayati (, c. 1.).
     V To hoard, store: q. v.
     VI With to, to incite: q. v.: praṇodayati (nud, c. 10.).

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PUT UPON: v. To put on.

PUTATIJVE: lokabhāvita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Reputed, false.

PUT-OFF (subs.): vyapadeśaḥ: v. Pretence.

PUTREFACTION:
     1 pūtiḥ, that there may not be p.: mā bhūt pūtiriti, B. iii. 23. com.;
     2 pūtatvam -tā;
     3 durgandhatā, and sim. comp.s. (= bad smell).

PUTREFY:
     I Intrans.: pūtībhavati.
     II Trans.: pūtīkaroti.

PUTRESCENCE:
     I v. Putrescent.

PUTRESCENT:
     I Becomming putrid: pūtībhavat (f. ntī).
     II Pertaining to putrefaction: by comp., p. smell: pūtigandhaḥ.

PUTRID:
     1 pūta (f. );
     2 galita (f. = decomposed).;
     3 durgandha (f. ndhā= bad smelling). P. smell: pūtigandhaḥ.

PUTRIDITY, PUTRIDNESS:
     1 pūtiḥ;
     2 pūtatvam -tā.

PUTTY: kācabandhanalepaḥ, Williams.

PUZZLE (subs.):
     I An enigma:
     1 kūṭam;
     2 gūḍham;
     3 pradelikā (= riddle).
     II Perplexity: q. v.: cittasambhramaḥ.

PUZZLE (v. t.): vyāmohayati (c. of muha): v. To perplex, embarrass.

PUZZLING (adj.):
     I Of things: vyāmohaka (f. hikā): v. Perplexing.
     II Of men: mūḍha (f. ḍhā): v. Fool, foolish.

PYGMY (subs.): vāmana (f. ): v. Dwarf.

PYGMY, PYGMEAN (adj.): vāmana (f. ): v. Dwarfish, small.

PYRAMID: no equiv.: *parāmitiḥ.

PYRAMIDAL, PYRAMIDICAL: parāmitinibha (f. bhā) and sim. comp.s.

PYRE: citā: v. File.

PYRITES: svarṇamākṣikam, Wilson. Hepatic p.: rūpyamākṣikram, W.

PYROTECHNIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

PYROTECHNICS or -NY: agnikrīḍākalā and sim. comp.s.: v. Fireworks.

PYRRHIC: in prosody: lau (dual).

PYRRHONIST: nāstikaḥ: v. Sceptic.

PYTHON: ahiviśeṣaḥ; ajagaraḥ.


QUACK (subs.):
     I Medical:
     1 kuvaidyaḥ, Sr. i. 5. ch.;
     2 mithyācikitsakaḥ; and sim. comp.s.
     II A mountebank: perh.:
     1 mithyābhimānin (f. );
     2 dāmbhikaḥ: v. Impostor.
     III Of ducks: praṇādaḥ: v. Noise.

QUACK (v.):
     I To act as a q.: expr. by subs.
     II To brag, boast: q. v.: mithyābhimānaṃ karoti.
     III As. a duck: praṇadati (nad, c. 1.): v. Noise, to make; cry.

QUACKERY:
     1 duścikitsā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 mithyābhimānaḥ: v. Imposture, boasting.

QUACKISH:
     1 mithyābhimānin (f. );
     2 dāmbhika (f. ).

QUADRAGESIMA: catvāriṃśaddinopavāsaḥ and sim. comp.s. (?).

QUADRANGLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 caturasram;
     2 caturbhujaḥ.
     II Of a house: catvaram (= court).

QUADRANGULAR:
     1 caturasra (f. srā);
     2 catuṣkoṇa (f. ṇā).

QUADRANT:
     I A quarter: q. v.: pādaḥ.
     II Of a circle:
     1 vṛttapādaḥ;
     2 padam (rare), Su. ii. 30.
     III An instrument: vṛttapādayantram.

QUADRATE: v. Square (subs. and verb.).

QUADRATIC: v. Square. Q. equation: vargasamīkaraṇam.

QUADRATURE: in astro.: (pā)padasaṃsthānam (after pada of Su. ii. 30).

QUADRENNIAL:
     1 caturvārṣika (f. );
     2 cāturabdika (f. ); etc.

QUADRILATERAL:
     1 caturbhuja (f. );
     2 caturasra (f. srā).

QUADRILLE:
     I A game at cards: *cātvāriṃśam.
     II A dance: *caturasranṛtyam.

QUADRIPARTITE: caturbhāgavibhakta (f. ktā) and sim. comp.s.

QUADRISYLLABLE: caturakṣaram or caturakṣaraḥ śabdaḥ (?).

QUADRIVIUM:
     I Of roads: catuṣpatham.
     II Of arts: caturvidyā.

QUADRUMANOUS:
     1 catuṣpāṇi (mfn.);
     2 caturbhujaḥ (jā jaṃ).

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QUADRUPLE:
     I Adj.: caturguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).
     II Verb: caturguṇaṃ (f. ṇāṃ) karoti.

QUADRUPLICATE: caturguṇīkaroti; caturguṇaṃ (f. ṇāṃ) karoti.

QUAFF: ut-culumpati (culump, c. 1.), Vi. v. 32.: v. To drink.

QUAFFER: atipāyin (f. ): v. Drinker.

QUAGGA: *citragardabhaḥ.

QUAGMIRE: anupabhūḥ -bhūmiḥ: v. Fen, marsh.

QUAIL (subs.):
     1 vartakaḥ (perdix olivacea);
     2 lavaḥ (p. chinensis).

QUAIL (v.):
     I Intrans: viṣīdati (sad, c. 1.): v. To give way, tremble.
     II Trans: v. To quell.

QUAINT:
     I Odd, unusual: q. v.: aparūpa (f. ).
     II Cunning, subtle: q. v.: vidagdha (f. gdhā).

QUAINTLY: expr. by comp. or adj.

QUAINTNESS: aparūpatā: v. Also strangeness.

QUAKE (v.): kampate pra- vi- ut-, (kamp, c. 1.): v. To tremble, shudder.

QUAKE (subs.): kampaḥ -nam pra- ut-; earth-q.: avaniprakampanam, Ku. xv. 23.: v. Also tremor, shudder.

QUAKER: of the sect.: *bāndhavaḥ.

QUAKING (adj.):
     1 kampamāna (f. ), pra- ut-;
     2 vepamāna (f. ), Q. -grass: kampanā.

QUALIFICATION:
     I The state of being qualified: expr. by adj.: v. Qualified.
     II Endowment, excellency: q. v.: guṇaḥ
     III Condition, restriction: q. v.: niyamaḥ.

QUALIFIED (adj.):
     I Fit: q. v.:
     1 yogya (f. gyā);
     2 samartha (f. rtha): v. Able;
     3 guṇopeta (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (= endowed with qualifications), first of all should wish (try) to be himself q.: ātmānamevas prathamaccheguṇasamanvitam, Ka. iv. 3.
     II Competent: q. v.:
     1 yogya (f. gyā);
     2 not expr.
     III Limited, restricted. expr. with subs. niyamaḥ etc.

QUALIFY:
     I To make qualified: yogyaṃ (f. gyāṃ) etc. karoti: v. Fit. able, q.ied.
     II To modulate, vary: q. v.
     III To restrict., restrain: q. v.: niyacchati (yam, c. 1.).

QUALITY:
     I Property:
     1 guṇaḥ, the three q. ies.: triguṇam, Ch.; not for specifying (your good) q.ies.: na guṇānāmiyattayā, R. x. 32.; attached on account of good q.ies: guṇānurakta (f. ttā), Ki. i. 31.;
     2 dharmaḥ (not of good or bad q. ies.), in pleasures whose q. is evanescent: viṣayeṣu vināśadharmasu, R. viii. 10.; for the absence of personal q.ies.: puruṣadharmatvābhāvāt S. p. b. 1. 52.
     II Rank, station: q. v.
     III People of rank;
     1 kulīnāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 kaulinyam.

QUALM (subs.):
     I Of conscience: manastāpaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Nausea:
     1 vamanecchā;
     2 vivamiṣā (rare.)

QUALMISH:
     1 vamanabhāva (f. ?);
     2 vivamiṣu (mfn.: ?).

QUANDARY: saṃśayaḥ v. Doubt, difficulty.

QUANTITATIVE: parimāṇasūcaka (f. cikā) and sim. comp.s.

QUANTITY:
     I In gen.:
     1 parimāṇam;
     2 pramāṇam. Ph.: what q.: kiyat (f. ): v. Much, how.; a great q. of: prabhūta (f. ): v. Abundant; a little q. of: alpa (f. lpā): v. Little; that q. which: yāvat (f. ): v. Much, as-; in large q.ies: bahuśaḥ; in small q. alpaśaḥ.
     II In prosody: not expr., long q.: dīrghaḥ; short q.: hrasvaḥ.
     III In logic: adhikāraḥ (??).
     IV In Math.: unknown q.: avyaktarāśiḥ.

QUARANTINE: gamanāgamana- or saṃsarga- pratiṣedhaḥ (??).

QUARREL (subs.):
     1 kalahaḥ, affected q.: kṛtakakalahaḥ, Mu. iii.; in(our) q.: kalahe, Vi. ii. 34.;
     2 vivādaḥ: v. Dispute.;
     3 kaliḥ (rare.)

QUARREL (v.):
     1 kalahaṃ karoti;
     2 kalahāyate (nomi.), C. i.;
     3 vivādaṃ karoti: v. Also to dispute, abuse.

QUARRELLER: kalahakārin (f. ṇī): v. Also quarrelsome.

QUARRELSOME:
     1 kalahapriya (f. ): the people of Gauḍa are q.: kalahapriyāḥ gauḍāḥ, Mit.;
     2 vivādapravaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp.s.

QUARRELSOMENESS:
     1 kalahapriyatā;
     2 vivādaparatā and sim. comp.s.

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QUARRY (subs.):
     I For stone:
     1 ākaraḥ: v. Mine;
     2 pāṣāṇasthalī and sim. comp.s. (?).
     II Of hawks: perh. mārgito jaṅgālaḥ.

QUARRY (v.):
     I To dig.: q. v.: utkhanati (khan, c. 1.).
     II To prey: q. v.

QUARRYMAN: *upalākarin (f. ṇī); pāṣāṇotkhanaka (f. nikā); and sim. comp.s.

QUART:
     I A measure: no exact equiv.: kuḍavaḥ, Williams.
     II = Quarter: q. v.

QUARTAN i. e. q. ague:
     1 caturthakaḥ, Ni.;
     2 cāturthako jvaraḥ, Ni.; tryāhikaḥ.

QUARTER (subs.):
     I Fourth part:
     1 pādaḥ, three q.s: pādatrayam, Li.; with a third, a half and a q. of a quantity: rāśitryaṃśasārdhapādaiḥ, Li.;
     2 gurīyaḥ or turyaḥ (rare), with a q. of which: yasya turyeṇa, Li. 23.;
     3 caturthāṃśaḥ;
     4 caturthabhāgaḥ.
     II Of the heaven:
     1 diś (f.: best equiv.), north-east q. (lit. of Śiva): aiśānī dik, V. from various q.s.: nānādigdeśāt, H.; in every q.: pratidiśam, Ki. xiv. 64.; intermediate q.: vidiś (rare);
     2 āśā (f.), the eastern q. (lit. of Indra): vāsavāśā, Si. xi. 16.;
     3 kāṣṭhā, the northern q.: udicī kāṣṭhā, Ki. iii. 55.;
     4 kakubh (f.), the q.s.: kakubhāñcakravālaḥ, Si. xx. 14.;
     5 harit (f.).
     III A region: q. v.: deśaḥ.
     IV In pl., abode, residence:
     1 nivāsaḥ, the lord's q. s. shone in tents: pramornivāsāḥ paṭaveśmabhirbabhuḥ, Si. xii. 63.;
     2 niveśaḥ (of an army), the q.s. of an army: senāniveśāḥ, M.n.;
     3 sthānam (= place: q. v.). Ph.: Head-q. s.: perh. pradhānasthalam and sim. comp.s.
     V Indulgence to an adversary: to give q.: perh. dayāṃ darśayati; and shall give q. to (lit. not strike) those who do not fight or are eunuchs, or have no weapons, or are cowards or run away, or ask for q. (lit. say "we are yours"): nāyudhyamānaṃ hanyācca na klīvaṃ na nirāyudham | na bhītaṃ na parāvṛttaṃ na tavāsbīti vādinam ||, M. vii. 91-3.
     VI Of the year:
     1 trimāsam;
     2 māsatrayam.
     VII Of the moon's period: expr. by śukla- and kṛṣṇaspakṣaḥ (light, dark fortnight),
     VIII Of an animal: no equiv.: pādaḥ may be used. Ph.: at close q. s.: mithaḥ pratyāsanna (f. nnā), M. n.; came to close q.s.: bāhūbāhavi vyāsṛjetām (lit. engaged arm to arm), Si. xviii. 12.

QUARTER (v.):
     I To divide into four parts:
     1 pādīkaroti;
     2 caturdhā vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.).
     II To divide q. v.: vibhajati.
     III To lodge: q. v.: vāsayati (c. of vas: rare; vāsaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.). To be q. ed: vasati, (vas, c. 1.).
     VI To bear, as arms: bibharti (bhṛ, c. 3.): v. To bear.

QUARTER-DAY: perh. trimāsāntadinam; traimāsikadivasaḥ.

QUARTER-DECK: no equiv.: unnatapṛṣṭhām (?).

QUARTER-MASTER: *sādhananāyakaḥ and sim. comp.s.

QUARTER-SESSIONS: traimāsikaśāsanam: v. Sessions.

QUARTER-STAFF: yaṣṭiviśeṣaḥ; mahāyaṣṭiḥ (?).

QUARTERAGE: traimāsikavṛttiḥ and sim. comp.s.

QUARTERLY:
     I Adj.: traimāsika (f. ).
     II Adv.:
     1 trimāse trimāse;
     2 pratitrimāsam.

QUARTERN: mānaviśeṣaḥ.

QUARTO: *pādika (f. ); pādabhaṅgi (mfn.).

QUARTZ: *kārtajaḥ; kārtajopalaḥ, etc.

QUASH (v.):
     I To crush, beat down: q. v.: mṛdgāti (mṛd, c. 9.).
     II In law, to annul: perh. ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.).

QUASI: expr. with aff. s. kalpa (f. lpā), deśya or deśīya (f. ).

QUATERNARY: perh. cātura (f. ).

QUATERNION:
     I Lit.:
     1 catuṣṭayam;
     2 catuṣkam.
     II A syllable: caturakṣaram.

QUATRAIN: perh. catuṣpadam (f. ).

QUAVER (v.):
     I To tremble: q. v.: vepate (vep, c. 1.).
     II To sing: svarabhaṅgena gāyati (gai, c. 1.), Williams.

QUAVER (subs.):
     I Of voice: svarabhaṅgaḥ (?). II. A musical note: cihvaviśeṣaḥ.

QUAVERING (adj.): with q. voice: gadgadavācā or galadakṣaram.

QUAY: ghaṭṭaḥ (?), uttaraṇasthānam (?).

QUEAN: bandhakī: v. Also woman.

QUEASY:
     I Qualmish: q. v.
     II Fig.: kṣobhaka (f. mikā,) saṃ- pra-.

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QUEEN:
     1 rājñī, the q. governed the kingdom according to the prescribed rules: rājñī rajyaṃ vidhivadaśiṣat, R. xix. 57.;
     2 mahiṣī (= a q. consort), he had three q.s: tisro mahiṣyastasyābhavan, Ram.;
     3 rājapatnī and sim. comp.s. (= wife of a king);
     4 rājamātṛ (f.) and sim. comp.s. (= queen-mother: often = queen dowager);
     5 devī (in addressing), Q. bee: madhukararājaḥ. D. s.

QUEENLY: rājñucitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s.

QUEER:
     1 aparūpa (f. );
     2 vilakṣaṇa (f. ṇā ?).

QUEERNESS:
     1 aparupatā;
     2 vilakṣaṇatā or vailakṣaṇyam (?).

QUELL:
     I To quiet, allay: q. v.: śamayati pra-, (c. of śam).
     II To subdue, crush: q. v.: damayati (c. of dam).

QUELLER:
     1 śamayitṛ (f. trī = quieter);
     2 damayitṛ (f. trī): v. Tamer.

QUENCDH:
     I To put out, extinguish: q. v.: nirvāpayati (c. of ).
     II Of thirst:
     1 śamayati pra-, (c. of śam = to allay), thirst is q. ed with water: pipāsutā śāntimupaiti vāriṇā, N.
     2 nivartayati (c. of vṛt = to destroy);
     3 nirasyati (as, c. 4. = to drive away);
     4 apanayati (, c. 1.) = to remove).
     III To destroy, crush: q. v.: ut-chinatti (chid, c. 7.).

QUENCHABLE:
     1 nirvāpaṇīya (f. );
     2 śamanīya (f. ) or śāmya (f. myā), pra-;
     3 ucchedanīya (f. ) or ucchetya (f. dyā); etc.: for dif.: v. Above.

QUENCHER:
     1 nirvāpayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 śamayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 ucchedaka (f. dikā): v. To quench.

QUENCHLESS:
     1 aśāmya (f. myā);
     2 anirvāpya (f. pyā); etc.

QUERIST: praṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī): v. Also interrogator, questioner.

QUERULOUS: perh. paridevin (f. ) or paridevaka (f. vikā): v. Also discontented, dissatisfied.

QUERULOUSLY:
     1 paridevayat (f. ntī);
     2 virakta (f. ktā).

QUERULOUSNESS:
     1 paridevitā (?);
     2 viraktatā;
     3 aprasannatā.

QUERY (subs.): praśnaḥ: v. Question.

QUERY (v.): pṛcchati (pracch, c. 6.): v. To question.

QUEST:
     I Search: q. v.: anveṣaṇam -ṇā. In q. of: often expr. by prest. part: v. To search.
     II Inquest: q. v.

QUESTION (subs.):
     I An interrogatory:
     1 praśnaḥ (best equiv.), unless you explain(my) q.s.: na cet praśnan vyākaroṣi, Mah. iii. 313. 22.; to reply q. s.: praśnān vakti, 30, bravīti, D. vi., etc.;
     2 pṛcchā saṃ- pari-;
     3 anuyoga pari-,
     II Doubt: q. v.: sandehaḥ, without q., out of the q., past q.: asaṃśayam: v. Undoubtedly,
     III Debate, dispute: expr. by praṣṭavya (f. vyā), here the q. is: atredaṃ praṣṭavyam. (atra.... iti sandihyate = doubted), S. i. 3. 1., To put to q.: pṛcchatiḥ: v. To ask.
     IV Examination, investigation: q. v.: parīkṣā:
     V Torture: q. v.
     VI Theme of enquiry: vivādaviṣayaḥ vivādapadam, and sim. comp.s.

QUESTION (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pṛcchati (pracch, c. 6.): v. To ask;
     2 jijñāsate (desi. of jñā = enquire: q. v.);
     3 praranaṃ karoti (= ask a q.).
     II To doubt: q. v.: śaṅkate (śaṅk, c. 1.).
     III Not to believe: q. v.: na pratyeti (i, c. 2.).

QUESTIONABLE: sandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Doubtful, uncertain.

QUESTIONER:
     1 prāśinakaḥ;
     2 praśanakartṛ (m.);
     3 jijñāsakaḥ (= inquirer).

QUESTIONLESS: asaṃśayam: v. Undoubtedly.

QUIBBLE (subs.):
     1 vākchalam;
     2 vakroktiḥ;
     3 apalāpaḥ (= denial).

QUIBBLE (v.): vākchalaṃ etc. karoti: v. Subs.

QUIBBLER:
     1 vākchalin (f. nīḥ ?);
     2 vakroktivādin (f. nīḥ ?).

QUIBBLING (adj.): vakra (f. krā = crooked: (?).

QUICK (adj.):
     I Alive: q. v.: sajīva (f. ). Ph.: q. with child: āpannasattvā: v. Pregnant.
     II Lively, vivacious: q. v.: praphulla (f. llā).
     III Sharp: q. v.: tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā).
     IV Agile: q. v.: caṭula (f. ). V. Speedy, swift:
     1 śīghra (f. ghrā), q. in motion: śīghraga (f. ); q. in action: śīghrakarman (mfn.);
     2 druta (f. ), with a q. pace: drutapadam, Ki. x. 2.;
     3 kṣipra (f. prā);
     4 tūrṇa (f. rṇā);
     5 tvarita (f. = hasty). Ph.: to be q.: tvarate (tvar, c. 1.): v. To hasten.

QUICK (v.): Quickly.

QUICK (subs.): marman (n.), piercing to the q.: marmabhedin (f. ), marmāvidh (mfn.), marmaspṛś (mfn.) etc.

QUICKEN (v. i.):
     I To vivify: q. v.: jīvayati (c. of jīv).
     II To sharpen, incite: q. v.: uttejayati (tij, c. 10.).
     III To hasten: q. v.:
     1 tvarayati (c. of tvar);
     2 by adj. ; v. quick (V).

QUICKEN (v. i.):
     I To receive life: jīvatvaṃ prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.): v. To get.
     II To become lively, agile: q. v., the heart q. s. first: prathamamullasati hṛdayam.
     III To gain speed, move quicker: expr. by adv.: v. Quickly.

QUICKENING (adj.): Of life:
     1 jīvada (f. );
     2 prāṇaprada (f. ), etc.

QUICKENING (subs.): Of the fetus: perh. garbhasañcāraḥ.

QUICKLIME: perh.: cūrṇam or cūrṇajalam (comp. vern.).

QUICKLY:
     1 śīghram;
     2 kṣipram;
     3 drutam;
     4 tūrṇam;
     5 āśu;
     6 tvaritam;
     7 satvaram: v. Also soon, instantly.

QUICKNESS:
     I Liveliness, acuteness, sagacity: q. v.
     II Speediness:
     1 śīghratā -tvam; or śaighyram;
     2 kṣipratā -tvam;
     3 drutatā -tvam (rare);
     4 tvarā (= haste);
     5 by adj.

QUICKSAND:
     1 calabālukā (?);
     2 asaṃsthitasikatāḥ (m. pl. ?).

QUICK-SCENTED:
     1 tīkṣṇaghrāṇa (f. ṇā ?);
     2 sūkṣmagandhagrāhin (f. ṇī ?).

QUICK-SIGHTED: tīkṣṇadṛś (mfn.): v. Keensighted.

QUICKSILVER:
     1 pāradaḥ (rarely -taḥ);
     2 rasaḥ (rare), D. s.

QUICK-WITTED:
     1 sūkṣmabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 tīkṣṇadhī (n. dhi); etc.

QUIDDITY:
     I Lit.: viśeṣaḥ.
     II A question: vaiśeṣikapṛcchā (?).

QUIESCENCE: śāntiḥ: v. Quiet, rest, repose.

QUIESCENT: śānta (f. ntā): v. Quiet, calm, still.

QUIET (adj.): śānta (f. ntā), pra-, q. like the mind of sages: śāntaṃ cittamṛṣeriva, Ki. xi. 40.; with the birds silent and the animals q.: mūkāṇḍajaṃ śāntamṛgapracāram, Ku. iii. 42.; be q. at once: sadyaḥ śānto bhava, Vi. iii. 34.: v. Calm, gentle, still. To keep. q. i. e. not to give out: na prakāśayati (with acc.) or jihvāṃ rakṣati (with loc.).

QUIET (subs.):
     1 śāntiḥ pra-;
     2 Often by adj.: v. Also calmness, rest, silence, peace. Ph.: in q. v. Quietly.

QUIET (v.): śamayati pra- upa- saṃ- pari-, (c. of śam), you q. disputes: praśamayasi vivādam, Sa. v. 7.; with a show of q. ed rage: praśāntasaṃrambha iva, Ki. xiv. 2.;
     2 śā(sā)ntvayati pari- upa- abhi-, (śāntv or sāntv, c. 10.), q. ing with sweet words: sāntvayan madhurairvākyaiḥ, Ram.

QUIETISM: śāntiḥ, eager for q.: śāntimārgotsuka (f. ), R. vii. 71.

QUIETLY:
     I Peaceably, calmly: expr. by adj.
     II Silently: q. v.

QUIETNESS: śāntatā pra-: v. Quiet, calmness.

QUIETUDE: śāntiḥ: v. Quiet, rest.

QUILL:
     I Feather: q. v.: pakṣaḥ.
     II For writing: pakṣakalamaḥ (comp. vern.); lekhanī (in fig. senses).
     III Of a porcupine:
     1 śala (mn.);
     2 śalalam ().
     IV Of a lute:
     1 raṇaḥ;
     2 koṇaḥ;
     3 śārikā;
     4 pari(rī)vādaḥ.

QUILT (subs.): tūlā- or tūlikā-pracchadaḥ and sim. comp.s (??).

QUILT (v.): to stitch in wool, silk, cotton etc.: expr. by those words.

QUINARY:
     1 pañcaka (f. );
     2 pañcagarbha (f. rbhāḥ ?).

QUINCE: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; tasya phalañca.

QUINQUENNIAL:
     1 pañcavārṣika (f. );
     2 pāñcābdika (f. );
     3 pañcasamīna (f. ?); etc.

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QUINSY: perh. śleṣmajā rohiṇī, Bha. iv.

QUINTESSENCE: sāraḥ: v. Essence.

QUINTUPLE:
     I Adj.: pañcaguṇa (f. ṇā).
     II Verb.: pañcaguṇībhavati.

QUIP: adhikṣepaḥ: v. Taunt, sarcasm.

QUIRE:
     I Choir q. v.:
     II Of paper: *caturviṃśatikam.

QUIRISTER: v. Chorister.

QUIRK:
     I Quibble: vākchalam.
     II Quip: adhikṣepaḥ.
     III Trick, deceit.: q. v.: chalam.
     IV Fancy: manolaulyam.

QUIT (v.):
     I To leave, abandon:
     1 tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.), to q. life: prāṇān tyajati, Mu. i. 24.; q. ted the outskirts of Vraja: tatyāja vrajabhūbhāgam: V.p. v. 18. 32.;
     2 jahāti vi-, (, c. 3.), q. your fighting ardour: vijahīhi raṇotsāham, Ki. xi. 31;
     3 ut-sṛjati vi-, (sṛj, c. 1.), to q. life: jīvitamutsṛjati, K. II. To discharge, repay: q. v.: śodhayati pari-, (c. of śudh).
     III To absorb, release: q. v.: mocayati (c. of muc: with abl. of the thing).

QUIT (adj): mukta (f. ktā), vi- nir-, (= released), q. of debts: ṛṇanirmukta (f. ktā): v. Also clear, free. Ph.: we are now q. s.: samāḥ smaḥ sāmprataṃ vayam; to cry q.s.: samo'smīti vadati (vad, c. 1: ?).

QUITE (adv.):
     I Completely, entirely: q. v.:
     1 aśeṣeṇa;
     2 niravaśeṣam.
     II Very considerably: q. v.:
     1 ati- in comp. (strengthened form atīva);
     2 atyantam;
     3 sātiśayam.

QUIT-RENT: *śodhakaraḥ; nāmakaraḥ.

QUITTANCE:
     1 niṣkṛtiḥ;
     2 muktiḥ;
     3 mokṣaḥ;
     4 śuddhiḥ.

QUIVER (subs.):
     1 tūṇaḥ;
     2 tūṇīraḥ;
     3 iṣudhiḥ;
     4 niṣaṅgaḥ, at the mouth of the q.: niṣaṅgavaktre, Ki. xvii. 36.; and two great inexhaustible q. s.: akṣayye ca maheṣudhī, Mah. i. 223. 9.

QUIVER (v.): vepate (vep, c. 1.): v. To quake, tremble.

QUIVERED:
     1 tūṇīravat (f. );
     2 niṣaṅgin (f. ):
     3 dhṛteṣudhi (mfn.), etc.

QUIVERING (adj.);
     1 vepamāna (f. );
     2 sphurita (f. ), (of gentle motion: as of the lips), sphuritottarādharaḥ, Ku. v. 83.

QUIVIVE: ko bhavān (?). To be on the q.: sāvadhāna (f. ) vartate; apramatta (f. ttā) tiṣṭhati, etc.

QUOIT: cakram. Q. s (the game): *cakrakrīḍā.

QUONDAM: pūrva (f. rvā): v. Former.

QUORUM: perh. nirdiṣṭasaṃkhyā or -saṃkhyakajanāḥ and sim. expr. s.

QUOTA: aṃśaḥ (= share: q. v.).

QUOTATION:
     I The act:
     1 uddhāraḥ;
     2 upanyāsaḥ;
     3 avatāraṇam (rare).
     II What is q. ed: expr. with part. adj.: uddhṛta (f. ), upanyasta (f. stā), etc.

QUOTE (v.):
     1 uddharati or udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.);
     2 upanyasyati (as, c. 4.);
     3 avatārayati (tṝ, c. 10. = to being down), Yāska having q.d Vedic passages: yāskena vedavākyānāmavatāritatvāt, Say.;
     4 udgrāhayati (c. of grah), what is q.d before you: yattavodgrāhyate puraḥ Si. ii. 75.

QUOTH: āha; uvāca: v. To say.

QUOTIDIAN: dainandinaḥ (nī naṃ): v. Every day. Q. fever: anyedyuṣko jvaraḥ, Ni.

QUOTIENT:
     1 phalam, dividing by their respective divisors (we get) the same q.: svasvahāreṇa hṛte phalaṃ tadeva, Li.;
     2 guṇyaḥ, dividing we get the q.: bhajanena labdho guṇyaḥ, Vij.


RABBET: sandhikāṣṭham (??).

RABBI: svāmin (m.): v. Master, lord.

RABBINIC, -AL: iyudīyapaṇḍitānāṃ (gen.) or -paṇḍita- -in comp.

RABBIT: śaśakaḥ (prop. hare).

RABBLE:
     1 prākṛtāḥ (m. pl.);
     2 pṛthagjanāḥ (m. pl.);
     3 nīcāḥ.

RABID: unmatta (f. ttā): v. Mad. R. dog: alarkaḥ; r. poison: ālarkaṃ viṣam, U. i. 40.

RABIDLY: unmattavat: v. Madly.

RACE (subs.):
     I Lineage:
     1 anvayaḥ, this king is born of that r.: tasyānvaye bhūpatireṣa jātaḥ, R. vi. 41.;
     2 kulam: v. Family;
     3 vaṃśaḥ: v. Dynasty.
     II Nation, tribe: q. v.: jātiḥ (?).
     III March, progress: q. v.: yātrā.
     IV A contest in running: chariot -r.: rathacaryā (?), Mah. i. 132. 28.; horse -r.: aśvadhāvanam (?); to win a r.: aśvadhāvane etc. jayaṃ labhate (labh, c. 1.). V. A root: mūlam.

RACE (v.):
     I Intrans: dhāvati (dhāv, c. 1.): v. To run.
     II Trans.
     1 dhāvayati (c. of dhāv);
     2 gamayati (c. of gam), Si. v. 60.

RACE-COURSE:
     1 raṅgabhūmiḥ (gen. term);
     2 perh. vīthiḥ, Si. v. 60.;
     3 caryābhūmiḥ.

RACE-HORSE: no equiv.:
     1 javanavājin (m.);
     2 javāśvaḥ and sim. comp.s. may be used.

RACER:
     I Race-horse: q. v.
     II A person: expr. by circumlo.: v. To race.

RACINESS: sarasatā: v. Racy.

RACK (subs.):
     I For torture: no equiv.: *sampīḍanī or sampīḍanayantram. To put to r.: i. e. to torment: q. v.
     II Extreme pain: q. v.: yātanā. R. and ruin: ucchedaḥ: v. Annihilation; go to r.: vinaśyati: v. To perish.
     III A framework: clothes -r.: *vastradhāraṇī etc.
     IV Vapour or thin broken clouds: q. v.

RACK (v.):
     I To torment, torture: q. v.
     II To strain: q. v.

RACKET:
     1 The bat: gulikātāḍanī or -grāhiṇī, and sim. comp.s.
     II Clamour, din: q. v.:
     1 kolāhalaḥ;
     2 kalakalaḥ.

RACY:
     1 sarasa (f. );
     2 rasavat (f. ).

RADIANCE:
     1 prabhā;
     2 dīptiḥ: v. Brilliancy, lustre.

RADIANT:
     1 samujjvala (f. );
     2 dīptimat (f. ): v. Brilliant, bright.

RADIATE:
     1 nirgacchati (gam, c. 1. = to come out: q. v.);
     2 udeti (i, c. 2. = to arise: q. v.), light r.d from the head of Śiva: śambhumūrdhna udiyāya tejaḥ, Ki. xvi. 31.;
     3 sphurati (sphur, c. 1. = to sparkle).

RADIATION: in physics: perh. sphuraṇam or sphuritam.

RADICAL:
     I Primitive, original: q. v.: mūla- in comp., r. word: mūlaśabdaḥ or dhātuḥ (= verbal root).
     II Fundamental, real: q. v.: prakṛta (f. ).
     III In politics: the r. s: *mūlapāvakāḥ (m. pl.).

RADICALLY:
     1 āmūlam;
     2 samūlam;
     3 mūlataḥ.

RADISH: mūlakaḥ (use n. for the root).

RADIUS:
     I In Geo.:
     1 vyāsārdham "vyāsārdhārdhaṃ nayet kendrāt", A. b.;
     2 viṣkambhārdham, A. b.;
     3 trijyā (jīvā) (of the meridian), Su. ii. 60.
     II A bone: bāhunalakam (?).

RAFFLE (subs.): guṭikāpātādinā svatvanirūpaṇam (?).

RAFFLE (v.): to r. a horse: guṭikāpātenāśvādhikāraṃ nirūpayati (?).

RAFT:
     1 uḍupa (mn.), R. i. 2.;
     2 plavaḥ; M. n.;
     3 kolaḥ, A.

RAFTER: tulā "bṛhattulairgṛhaiḥ", Si. iii. 50.

RAG:
     I A piece of cloth: vastrakhaṇḍam and sim. comp.s.
     II Worn-out cloth: jīrṇavastram;
     2 cīram;
     3 cīvaram.

RAGAMUFFIN:
     1 nīcajanaḥ: v. Low;
     2 dhūrtaḥ: v. Rogue.

RAGE (subs.):
     I Violent anger:
     1 roṣaḥ (rarely ruṣ -ṣā), tears of r.: ruṣāśru, Si. xv. 4.: v. Anger;
     2 saṃrambhaḥ, Sita's laugh excited her r.: saṃrambhaṃ maithilīhāso nināya tām, R. xii. 36.; the excitement of r.: saṃrambhavegaḥ, Ki. xvii. 49.
     II Vehemence, excitement: q. v.: prakopaḥ.
     III Violent passion:
     1 vyasanam;
     2 lālasā (= longing).

RAGE (v.):
     I To be angry: q. v.:
     1 saṃrambham āpnoti (āp, c. 5.), eti (i, c. 2.), etc.
     II To be violently agitated: q. v.: atitarāṃ kṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4.), "r. ing Sea": kṣubdhārṇavaḥ.

RAGGED:
     I Rent, torn:
     1 jīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 jarjara (f. ).
     II Rough, uneven: q. v. bandhura (f. ).
     III Clad in rags:
     1 cīracīvarin (f. ṇī);
     2 karpaṭin or karpaṭadhārin (f. ṇī).

RAGOUT: no equiv.: *māṃsarasā.

RAIL (subs.):
     I Lit.: lohatulā (of big. r. s.: ?) or -śalākā (in r. ing).
     II Fig., r. road: q. v.
     III A bird: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

RAIL (v.):
     I Lit.: lohaśalākābhiḥ āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To enclose.
     II To abuse, revile: q. v.: adhi-kṣipati ava-, (kṣip, c. 6.).

RAILING (subs.):
     I A fence: q. v.: lohavṛtiḥ (of iron rails) or sim. vṛtiḥ.
     III Abuse, reviling: q. v.: ākṣāraḥ.

RAILING (adj.):
     1 avakṣepaka (f. pikā);
     2 adhikṣepaka (f. pikā);
     3 ākṣārin (f. ṇī); etc.

RAILROAD, RAILWAY: *lohapathaḥ and sim. comp.s.

RAIMENT: vastram: v. Clothes.

RAIN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 vṛṣṭiḥ, excessive r.: ativṛṣṭiḥ, V.m.; let the r. cease: bhavatu vṛṣṭerupaśamaḥ, H.; r. -water: vṛṣṭijalam, Bha. (also meghodakam, Mr.); r. of gold: hiraṇmayī vṛṣṭiḥ, R.;
     2 varṣam, let r. fall incessantly: varṣamavirataṃ patatu, Mr.; heavy r. came on: mahadvarṣa prādurāsīt, Mah.
     II In pl., the rainy season: q. v.: varṣāḥ (f. pl.), one day in the r s: ekadā varṣāsu, H.

RAIN (v. i.):
     1 varṣati pra- abhi-, (vṛṣ, c. 1.) (taking as nom. cloud, sky, or Indra), Indra did not r. for twelve years: na vavarṣa varṣāṇi dvādaśa daśaśatākṣaḥ, D.; it (lit. the sky) r. ed heavily: nabhastalaṃ gāḍhaṃ vavarṣa, Ku.; when it (lit. the cloud) was r. ing gently: mandaṃ mandaṃ pravarṣati parjanye, P.;
     2 vṛṣṭirbhavati, it r. ed heavily in torrents: dhārāsārairmahatī vṛṣṭirbabhūva, H. R. off: nirvarṣati.

RAIN (v. t.): varṣati pra- abhi-, to r. blood: śoṇitaṃ varṣati.

RAINBOW: indradhanus (n.) and sim. comp.s., r. -bearing clouds: surendracāpaṃ dadhato valāhakāḥ, Ri. ii. 3.

RAINFALL:
     1 vṛṣṭipātaḥ, R.;
     2 varṣapātaḥ, Mr. v.; and sim. comp.s.

RAIN-GAGE or -GAUGE: *vṛṣṭimāpaḥ varṣamāpaḥ.

RAINY: varṣukaḥ (kā kaṃ), when the r. season was over: atīte varṣuke kāle, B. R. season:
     1 varṣākālaḥ;
     2 prāvṛṣ (f.);
     3 tapātyayaḥ jaladāgamaḥ, and sim. comp.s (poet).

RAISE (v.):
     I To r. up, lift up.:
     1 utthāpayati (c. of sthā), dust r.d by horses in war: utthāpitaḥ saṃyati reṇuraśvaiḥ, R. vii. 39.;
     2 tolayati or tolati ut- (tul, c. 10. and I.: physically), when the Kailāsa was r. d: kailāse tulite, Vi. v. 37.;
     3 unnamayati (c. of nam), to r. the face: mukhamunnamayati Sa. iii. 33.;
     4 ucchrayati (śri, c. 1.: rare), to r. banners: dhvajamucchrayati, Mah. Ph.: r. ing frightful dust: uddhunvānā rajo ghoram, Ram.; dust r.d by chariots: rathoddhataṃ rajaḥ, R. iv. 85.
     II Fig., to exalt:
     1 utthāpayati (rare);
     2 unnamayati, r.s some: kāṃścinnayatyunnatim, Mr. x. 51.;
     3 ucchrayati, r. ing (his) heroism: vīryamucchrāyayiṣyan (causal), Vi. i. 8.
     III Of the dead: utthāpayati, Kacha also r.d the dead (Śukra): utthāpayāmāsa mṛtaṃ kaco'pi, Mah. i. 73. 61.
     IV Of armies: utthāpayati, r.d an army: balasamutthānamakarot, D. viii.
     V To erect, build: q. v.: sthāpayati prati-, (c. of sthā).
     VI To produce: q. v.:
     1 perh. utthāpayati;
     2 janayati (c. of jan).
     VII To excite, arouse: q. v.: utthāpayati.
     VIII Of pieces etc.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh): v. To increase.
     IX To r. (a siege): muñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. To quit, abandon.

RAISIN: śuṣkadrākṣā, and sim. comp.s. (?).

RAKE (subs.):
     I A libertine: q. v.: khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā).
     II An instrument: dantakartarikā dantacchurikā.

RAKE (v.):
     I To gather: q. v.: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II To lead a dissolute life: vyabhicarati (car, c. 1.).
     III To r. up i. e. revive: q. v.: uttolayati (tul, c. 10.).

RALLY (v. t.):
     I To gather again, reunite: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To collect.
     II To banter, ridicule: q. v.: upahasati (has, c. 1.).

RALLY (v. i.):
     I To assemble, reunite: q. v.: saṃ-bhavati (bhū, c. 1.).
     II Fig., to recover: q. v.: sustho or svastho (f. sthā) bhavati.

RAM (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 meṣaḥ;
     2 urabhraḥ;
     3 meḍhraḥ;
     4 uraṇaḥ;
     5 eḍakaḥ;
     6 huḍuḥ, r. -fight: huḍuyuddham, P. i. 4.:
     II The sign: meṣaḥ.
     III Battering -r.: q. v.

RAM (v.): mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.): v. To batter, butt.

RAMBLE (v/):
     I Lit.: paryaṭati (aṭ, c. 1.): v. To wander.
     II Fig., r. ing talk, perh.: avyavasthitasaṃlāpaḥ.

RAMBLE, RAMBLING (subs.): paryaṭanam: v. Wandering.

[Page 570]

RAMBLER:
     1 pathikaḥ: v. Wayfarer;
     2 paryaṭaka (f. ṭikā, rare).

RAMIFICATION:
     I A small branch:
     1 praśākhā;
     2 pratiśākhā.
     II Fig., member, head: aṅgaḥ.

RAMIFY (v. i.): śākhāpraśākhābhirvistīryate, (pass. of stṝ).

RAMMER:
     1 mudgaraḥ;
     2 ayoghanaḥ (of iron).

RAMP:
     I Subs.: lamphaḥ.
     II Verb.: lamphaṃ dadātiḥ v. To leap.

RAMPANT:
     I Wild, ferocious: q. v.:
     1 niravagraha (f. );
     2 aniyantrita (f. ); etc.
     II Standing on the hind legs: paścātpādayoḥ sthita (f. ).

RAMPART:
     1 prākāraḥ;
     2 vapraḥ;
     3 varaṇaḥ;
     4 śālaḥ.

RAMROD: cūrṇamardanī and sim. comp.s.

RANCID:
     1 ugragandha (f. ndhā);
     2 ugragandhi (mfn.).

RANCOROUS:
     1 vidveṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 abhidrohin (f. ṇī).

RANCOROUSLY:
     1 paramadveṣāt;
     2 abhidroheṇa;
     3 drohabuddhyā.

RANCOUR: vidveṣaḥ: v. Hatred;
     2 abhidrohaḥ: v. Malignity.

RANDOM:
     1 ākasmika (f. ): v. Accidental;
     2 aniyata (f. ): v. Unsettled. Ph.: at r.:
     1 akasmāt (= accidentally);
     2 ucchṭaṅkhalam (= without any order, as to talk at r.);
     3 yadā tadā (of time, as to come at r.);
     4 prakīrṇam (in speaking), Si. ii. 73.

RANGE (subs.):
     I A row, line: q. v.:
     1 śreṇiḥ (ṇī);
     2 rājiḥ ()
     II A class, order: q. v.: gaṇaḥ.
     III Excursion, wandering: q. v.: paribhramaṇam.
     IV Compass, reach: q. v.: viṣayaḥ, beyond the r. of Lakshmaṇa's arrows: saumitrerapi patriṇāmaviṣaye, U. iii. 44.:
     V Kichen-r.: *lauhayogarājiḥ.
     VI Of a ladder: v. Step.

RANGE (v.):
     I To arrange: q. v.: viracayati (rac, c. 10.).
     II To wander: q. v.: paribhramati (bhram, c. 1.).
     III To have r.: expr. by subs.: v. Range (IV).
     IV To rank: q. v.

RANGER:
     I One who ranges or rows: expr. by verb.
     II Robber: lubdhakaḥ. q. v.
     III Of a forest: araṇyapālaḥ; vanapālaḥ; and sim. comp.s.

RANK (subs.):
     I A row, line: q. v.:
     1 śreṇiḥ (ṇī);
     2 rājiḥ ().
     II Of soldiers: perh. paṃktiḥ. Ph.: r. and file: daṇḍaḥ (= army); to leave the r. s: vyūhaṃ parityajati.
     III Place, position: q. v.: padam.
     IV High station:
     1 uccapadam. and sim. comp.s.;
     2 mānaḥ (= honour);
     3 pratiṣṭhā (= glory);
     4 kaulīnyam (= nobility).

RANK (v. i.): expr. by vartate (vṛt, c. 1. = to be) or tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1. = to stand), character r. s at the head of all excellences: atītya hi guṇān sarvān svabhāvo mūrdhni vartate, H.

RANK (v. t.):
     I To place in a line: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To class, reckon: q. v.:
     1 gaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.);
     2 by circumlo.

RANK (adj.):
     I Exuberant, rich: q. v.: prabhūta (f. ).
     II Rancid:
     1 ugragandha (f. ndhā);
     2 ugragandhi (mfn.).
     III Gross, course: q. v.

RANKLE:
     1 bhṛśāyate (nomi.);
     2 by adj.: v. Violent.

RANKNESS:
     I Luxuriant growth: prabhūtatā: v. Abundance.
     II Strong smell: ugragandhaḥ -tā.

RANSACK:
     I To plunder, pillage: q. v.
     II To violate, ravish: q. v.
     III To search thoroughly: q. v.: nipuṇamanusandadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     IV loḍayati -vi (luḍ, c. 10.), r. ed the forest: vanaṃ loḍayāmāsa, Mah. i. 66. 19.

RANSOM (subs.):
     1 uddhāraḥ (= release);
     2 by circumlo., to pay a heavy r. for one's liberty: bahu dhanaṃ dattvā muktiṃ krīṇāti (comp. H. iv. 121.,) "koṣāṃśenārdhakoṣeṇa sarvakoṣeṇa vā punaḥ | śiṣṭasya pratirakṣārthaṃ parikraya udāhṛtaḥ ||"

RANSOM (v.): dhanaṃ dattvā mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.). ; v. To release.

RANT:
     I Verb: sāḍambaraṃ or uccaiḥ pralapati (lap, c. 1.).
     II Subs.: nirarthakapralapitam and sim. comp.s.

RANTER: uccaiḥ pralāpin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

[Page 571]

RAP (subs.): kṣiprāhatiḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Stroke.

RAP (v.):
     I To strike with a sharp blow: kṣipramāhanti (han, c. 2.). or tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.).
     II To snatch away: apaharati (hṛ, c. 1.).

RAPACIOUS:
     1 lubdha (f. bdhā);
     2 lubdhaka (f. );
     3 gṛdhnu (mfn.).

RAPACIOUSLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 prasahya (= with violence).

RAPACIOUSNESS, RAPACITY:
     1 lubdhatā;
     2 gṛdhnutā; (= greediness);
     3 ātatāyitā;
     4 sāhasikatā (= boldness).

RAPE: I. Abduction: haraṇam, the r. of Draupadī: draupadīharaṇam, Mah.
     II Violence on chastity: balātkāreṇa sambhogaḥ, M. n. on R. x. 47., or sim. balātkāraḥ, Mit. Ph.: to commit r.: balātkāreṇa ramate gacchati, etc. or balād vrajati, M.; attempted to r. me: māṃ balātkāreṇa rantumudyuṃkte, D. III. A tree: khasaḥ (?), r. -seed-oil: khasabījānāṃ tailam (?), Bha.

RAPID:
     1 śīghra (f. ghrā);
     2 tvarita (f. ) ; v. Quick, swift.

RAPIDITY:
     1 śīghratā: v. Quickness, swiftness;
     2 vegaḥ: v. Velocity.

RAPIDLY:
     1 śīghram;
     2 kṣipram;
     3 by comp.: v. Quickly.

RAPIER: nistriṃśaḥ: v. Dagger.

RAPINE: luṇṭhanam: v. Plunder, pillage.

RAPT (p. adj.):
     1 harṣonmatta (f. ttā);
     2 hṛṣitavapus (mfn.); and sim. comp.s.

RAPTURE: harṣonmādaḥ: v. Ecstasy, joy, pleasure.

RAPTUROUS: unmādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s. Ph.: r. joy: paramānandaḥ.

RAPTUROUSLY:
     1 saharṣonmādaḥ;
     2 harṣonmatta (f. ttā);
     3 sāhlādam.

RARE:
     I In gen.:
     1 virala (f. ), with r. dew-drops: viralatuṣārakaṇaḥ, Ki. x. 28.; aviralalāñchanahāriṇaśca kālāḥ, Ki. x. 38.; their advisers are rare: viralāsteṣāmupadeṣṭāraḥ, K,
     2 durlabha (f. bhā) and sim. comp.s. (= scarce).
     II Excellent: apūrva (f. rvā), I saw a rare flowerstalk: adṛṣṭapūrvāṃ kusumamañjarīmadrākṣam, K.

RAREFACTION:
     1 tanūkaraṇam (?);
     2 viralīkaraṇam (?).

RAREFY:
     I Lit.: viralīkaroti.
     II Of air: tanūkaroti (?). Ph.: r. ed. air: sūkṣmībhūto vāyuḥ.

RARELY: expr. by adj.

RARENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 viralatā;
     2 durlabhatā.
     II Excellence: apūrvatā.
     III Thinness.

RARITY:
     I Rareness: q. v.
     II A rare thing: apūrvavastu (n.).

RASCAL
     1 durātman (mfn.);
     2 durvṛtta (f. ttā);
     3 dhūrta (f. rtā).

RASCALITY: daurātmyam;
     2 durvṛttatā;
     3 dhūrtatā.

RASCALLY: jaghanya (f. nyā): v. Low, base, rascal.

RASE:
     I To graze: gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).
     II To erase pramārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 2.).
     III To level with the ground: bhūmisātkaroti.

RASH (adj.):
     I Of men:
     1 avimṛśyakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 asamīkṣyakārin (f. ṇī);
     3 apariṇāmadarśin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.
     II Of acts:
     1 expr. with adv. s. avimṛśya asamīkṣya.;
     2 ayathālocita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

RASH (subs.): v. Eruption, pimple, itch.

RASHER: of bacon: khaṇḍam: v. Price.

RASHLY:
     1 avimṛśya;
     2 asamīkṣya;
     3 anālocya;
     4 sahasā, Ki. ii. 30.

RASHNESS:
     1 avimṛśyakāritā;
     2 asamīkṣyakāritā;
     3 asamīkṣā;
     4 avivekaḥ;
     5 sāhasam (= boldness).

RASP:
     I Subs.: *saṃgharṣaṇī.
     II Verb: saṃgharṣaṇyā gharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).

RASPBERRY: phalaviśeṣaḥ.

RASURE:
     I Scraping: gharṣaṇam.
     II Erasure: pramārjanam.

RAT (subs.):
     1 mūṣi(ṣa)kaḥ, the story about the r. and the cat: mārjāramūṣikasaṃvādaḥ, Mah. xii.;
     2 ākhuḥ, H. i.;
     3 u(i)nduruḥ. Ph.: I smell a r.: kimapyaniṣṭamāśaṅke.

RAT (v.): svapakṣaṃ tyaktā parān āśrayati sam-, (śri, c. 1.).

RATAN:
     I The plant:
     1 vetasaḥ, r. -like conduct (i. e. easy submission): vaitasī vṛttiḥ, R. iv. 35.;
     2 vetraḥ.
     II A. r. stick: vetram.

RATE (subs.):
     I Price, value: q. v.: mūlyam. Ph.: market r.: āpaṇikaḥ; r. s.: arthabalābalam, M. II. Tax: q. v.: karaḥ.
     III Of interest: expr. by circumlo.: v. Interest.
     IV Of velocity: vegaḥ. Ph.: at any r.: antataḥ, Da. com.

RATE (v.):
     I To fix r. s: arghaṃ or mūlyaṃ saṃsthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To estimate, value: q. v.: manyate (man, c. 4.).
     III To reprove, censure: q. v.: upālabhate (labh, c. 1.).

RATHER:
     I In gen.: varam: v. Better (II).
     II Somewhat: r. less: īṣadūna (f. ).: v. Little. (adv.).

RATIFICATION:
     1 sthirīkaraṇam;
     2 satyāpanam;
     3 by verb.

RATIFY:
     1 sthirīkaroti;
     2 satyāpayati: v. To confirm.

RATING (subs.): upālambhaḥ: v. Reproach, censure.

RATIO: sambandhaḥ (?). Common r. two: dviguṇottarā vṛddhiḥ, Li. 100.

RATIOCINATE (v.): yuktiyuktaṃ or sahetukaṃ or upapattimudāhṛtya vicārayati. (c. of car).

RATIOCINATION:
     1 yuktiyukto vicāraḥ, and sim. comp.s.;
     2 by circumlo.

RATION: expt. with āhāraḥ and its syn.: v. Food.

RATIONAL:
     I Possessing reason:
     1 vyutpattimat (f. ), of r. beings: vyutpattimatāṃ puruṣāṇām, S. i. 1. p.;
     2 vyutpannacitta (f. ttā), S.;
     3 vivekin (f. ).
     II Relating or agreeable to reason: vivekin (f. ), your r. mind: vivekinī te matiḥ, Ki. ii. 6.
     III In alg.: r. quantity: rūpam, Vij.

RATIONALE: i. e.: reasons: upapattiḥ (f.).

RATIONALISM:
     1 hetuvādaḥ;
     2 nyāyavādaḥ (?);
     3 haitukatā.

RATIONLIST:
     1 hetuvādin (f. );
     2 haituka (f. ), V. p. iii. 19.

RATIONALITY:
     I Of men:
     1 vyutpattimattā;
     2 vyutpannacittatā;
     3 vivekitā.
     II Of acts: vivekitā.

RATIONALIZE: in alg: *rūpīkaroti. after mūlīkaroti of A. c.

RATIONALLY: vivekadvārā or -dvāreṇa: v. Wisely.

RATTLE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kūjati (kūj, c. 1.);
     2 kvaṇati (kvaṇ, c. 1.).;
     3 saṃkrīḍati (krīḍ, c. 1.), r. ing pole: saṃkrīḍantī dhūḥ, Si. xvii. 7.
     II To r. away (of men):
     1 pralapati (lap, c. 1.);
     2 vi-jalpati (jalp, c. 1.).

RATTLE (subs.):
     I R. ing noise:
     1 kūjitam;
     2 kvaṇitam;
     3 saṃkrīḍitam; r. of wheels: rathāṅgasaṃkrīḍitam, Ki. xvi. 8.
     II Of men:
     1 pralapitam;
     2 vi-jalpitam.
     III An instrument: *śiñjinī.

RATTLESNAKE: ahiviśeṣaḥ; *śiñjābhogaḥ.

RATTLING:
     I Adj.:
     1 kūjat (f. ntī);
     2 kvaṇat (f. ntī).
     II Subs.: kūjitam: v. Rattle (1).

RAVAGE (v.): upaplavate (plu, c. 1.): v. To depredate, plunder.

RAVAGE (subs.): upaplavaḥ: v. Depredation, devastation, plunder.

RAVAGER:
     1 upaplavakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 upadrāvaka (f. vikā);
     3 avamardaka (f. rdikā);
     4 saṃbādhaka (f. dhikā).

RAVE:
     I Lit.: unmattavat pralapati (lap, c. 1.)
     II To wander in mind: unmādyati (mad, c. 4.), of the r. ing (kings): unmādyatām, Vi. ii. 29.

RAVEL:
     I To unravel: q. v.: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ).
     II To entangle, involve: q. v.: saṃśleṣayati.

RAVELIN: *pratiśālaḥ; kūṭaviśeṣaḥ.

RAVEN:
     1 droṇakākaḥ;
     2 kākolaḥ.

RAVEN, RAVIN (v.): v. To devour; greedy.

RAVENOUS:
     I Lit.:
     1 ghasmara (f. ), the r. destructive Rudra: ghasmarakālarudraḥ, Vi. iii. 48.;
     2 admara (f. ): v. Also hungry.
     II Fig.: parama (f. ): v. Excessive.

RAVENOUSLY:
     1 ghasmaravat;
     2 admaravat;
     3 bubhukṣu (mfn.).

RAVENOUSNESS:
     1 ghasmaratā;
     2 admaratā;
     3 gṛdhnutā (fig.).

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RAVINE:
     1 kandaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 kandarabhūḥ;
     3 darībhūḥ -miḥ.

RAVINGLY:
     1 unmattavat;
     2 unmādāt;
     3 unmādena.

RAVISH:
     I To rape: balātkāreṇa bhuṅkte (bhuj, c. 7.). or ramate (ram, c. 1.).
     II To carry off: (prasahya) harati apa-, (hṛ, c. 1.).
     III To enrapture: harati: v. To charm.

RAVISHER: expr. by verb: v. Also defiler.

RAVISHING (adj.): manohārin (f. ṇī): v. Charming.

RAVISHMENT:
     I Abduction: haraṇam apa-.
     II Rape: balātkārasambhogaḥ.
     III Rapture, delight: q. v.: harṣonmādaḥ.

RAW:
     I Lit.:
     1 āma (f. ), r. -fish-eaters: āmamīnāśinaḥ, Ram.; r. mango: āmamāmram, Bha.; who cuts a r. (i. e. a r. sore) unwittingly: yo chinattyāmamajñānāt, Sr.;
     2 apakva (f. kvā = unripe: q. v.);
     3 asiddha (f. ddhā = uncooked).
     II Inexperienced, untried:
     1 (1) apakvabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 adṛṣṭakarman (mfn.); and sim. comp.s.
     III Of spirits: vinā jalena (= without water) or asaṃsṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = unmixed).
     IV Chilly and damp: klinnaśiśira or -tuṣāra (f. rāḥ ?).
     V Unwrought, impure, etc.: perh. asaṃskṛta (f. ).

RAW-BONED (adj.):
     1 tvagasthiśeṣa (f. ṣā);
     2 kṣāmakṣāma (f. ), D. v.; and sim. comp.s.

RAY:
     I Of light:
     1 kiraṇaḥ;
     2 karaḥ;
     3 raśmiḥ;
     4 aṃśuḥ;
     5 pādaḥ, r. s of the moon: candrapādāḥ, V.;
     6 mayūkhaḥ, the cold-r. ed (moon): śītamayūkhaḥ, Ki.;
     7 marīciḥ, having streams of r.s (sun): marīcimālin, H.;
     8 dīdhitiḥ, the hot-r. ed (sun): aśītadīdhitiḥ;
     9 gabhastiḥ;
     10 usraḥ.
     II A fish: *aṃśumat (m.).

RAZE:
     I Subs.: mūlam.
     II Verb: ucchinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To erase.

RAZOR:
     I For shaving: kṣuraḥ, r. case: kṣurabhāṇḍam, H. II. A fish: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

RE-:
     1 expr. by punar;
     2 sometimes by prati-.

REACH (v. i.):
     I To extend: q. v.: vistīryate (pass. of stṝ): v. Also to touch, attain, penetrate.
     II To stretch the hand: hastaṃ prasārayati. Ph.: as far as the eye can r.: yāvaccakṣuṣā darśanīyam. (?.): v. Reach (subs.).

REACH (v. t.):
     I To stretch: q. v.: prasārayati (c. of sṛ).
     II To hand over: q. v.: prāpayati (c. of āp).
     III To come to: q. v.: āyāti (, c. 2.).
     IV To attain: q. v.: adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     V To arrive at: q. v.: āsādayati sam-, (c. of sad).

REACH (subs.):
     I In gen.: viṣayaḥ, beyond the r. of even Lakshmaṇa's arrows: saumitrerapi patriṇāmaviṣaye, U. iii. 44.;
     2 gocaraḥ, beyond the r. of speech and mind: avāṅmanasagocara (f. ), R. x. 15; beyond the r. of the senses: agocara (f. ), Ki. N.B. Within r., out of r.: often expr. by grāhya a-, (= comprehensible, not-), gamya a- (= approachable, not-), etc., within r. of tall men: prāṃśulabhya (f. bhyā), R. i. 3.
     II Capacity, influence: q. v.

REACT:
     I Lit.: punaḥ karoti: v. To act.
     II To resist: q. v.
     III To exercise a reciprocal effect: pratikaroti.

REACTION:
     I Counteraction:
     1 pratikriyā;
     2 pratikāraḥ or pratikṛtiḥ (rare).
     II Of two forces: pratighātaḥ.

READ:
     I Lit.:
     1 paṭhati (paṭh, c. 1.), we r. in the Kāṭhaka: kāṭhake paṭhyate, S.; himself opened and r. it (the letter): svayameva tadunmucya papāṭha, K.; some r. lāsikā for vilāsikā: kecidvilāsikāsthāne lāsiketi paṭhanti, Sah.;
     2 vācayati nir-, (c. of vac) (= to r. out), taken and r.s: gṛhītvā vācayati, An.
     II To study:
     1 paṭhati, r. lessons for children: papāṭha bālapāṭhyāni, V. p. 1. 17. 10.;
     2 adhīte (i, c. 2.), (well) r. in the four Vedas: adhītī caturṣvāmnāyeṣu, D.

READ THROUGH:
     1 ādyantaṃ or sampūrṇaṃ or aśeṣataḥ paṭhati;
     2 pāraṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.). and sim. comp.s., one who has r. t. the Vedas: śrutapāradṛśvan (mfn.), R. v. 24.;
     3 tarati (tṝ, c. 1. = to cross: poet), R. iii. 30.

READ, WELL-: (adj.): v. Learned.

READABLE:
     1 pāṭhya (f. ṭhyā);
     2 paṭhanīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 pāṭhayogya (f. gyā). and sim. comp.s.

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READER:
     1 pāṭhaka (f. ṭhikā), a r. is a religious lecturer: pāṭhako dharmabhāṇakaḥ, T. s.;
     2 paṭhitin (f. : rare), a careless r.: haṭhena paṭhitī, N. xxii. 154.;
     3 vācaka (f. cikā = one who reads out, such as letter), public r.: pustakavācakaḥ, C. iii.;
     4 adhyetṛ (f. trī = one who has studied).

READILY:
     I Willingly, cheerfully: q. v.: sotsāham.
     II Quickly, promptly: q. v.: acireṇa.
     III Easily: q. v.: sukhena.

READINESS:
     I Willingness, cheerfulness:
     1 sotsāhatā;
     2 utsukatā or autsukyam: v. Also promptitude, quickness.
     II Facility, dexterity: q. v.: lāghavam.
     III State of preparation:
     1 sajjitatā;
     2 prastutatā;
     3 better by adj.

READING:
     I Perusal: paṭhanam or pāṭhaḥ, incessant r. of the Vedas: aśrāntaśrutipāṭhaḥ, N.; r. -room: pāṭhaśālā.
     II Studying: adhyayanam, r. with Yājnavalkya: yogīśvarādadhyanam, An.; r., teaching sacrificing: adhyayanamadhyāpanaṃ yajanam, Vas. III. R. out as letters: vācanam nir-.
     IV Scholarship, learning: q. v. V. A. lecture or recital: pāṭhaḥ, morning r.: prābhātikapāṭhaḥ, C. ii.
     VI Section, version: pāṭhaḥ, an erroneous r.: bhramamūlakaḥ pāṭhaḥ, Va. com.

READING-BOOK: pāṭhyapustakam, and sim. comp.s.

READY:
     I Prepared:
     1 sajja (f. jjā) or sajjita (f. ), be r.: sajjā tāvadbhava, Sa. iv.; when the equipments were being got r.: sajjīkriyamāṇe sādhane, K. ii.;
     2 prastuta (f. );
     3 kalpita pari- upa-, (f. = only of things).
     II Willing, cheerful: q. v.:
     1 utsuka (f. ), pari-;
     2 utsāhavat (f. ).
     III On the point of, about: q. v.:
     1 udyata (f. );
     2 unmukha (f. khā).
     IV Quick, prompt: of r. wit: pratyutpannamati (mfn.); of r. apprehension: tīkṣṇabuddhi (mfn.).
     V Near, short: q. v. Ph.: r. money: ṭaṅkaḥ and an adv. tatkālam (= at the time) or haste (= in hand).

REAL:
     I True, genuine: q. v.:
     1 satyaḥ (tā taṃ), a r. elephant: satyagajaḥ, K. s. xii. 16.;
     2 ṛta (f. : rare), coupling the r. and the unreal: satyānṛte mithunīkṛtya;
     3 prakṛta (f. )
     4 vāstava (f. ) or vāstavika (f. ).
     II In law:
     1 sthāvara (f. );
     2 jaṅgametara (f. ): v. Property.

REALGAR: i. e. red orpiment: raktadhātuḥ.

REALIST: *yāthārthika (f. ); vyāptijñānavādin (f. ).

REALITY:
     I The condition:
     1 satyatā;
     2 prakṛtatā;
     3 vāstavikatā;
     4 vyalīkatā;
     5 akṛtrimatā. Ph.: in r.: tattvataḥ, K. xviii. 27.
     II Anything real: satyam: v. Real. (1).

REALIZATION:
     I Accomplishment: q. v.: sādhanam.
     II Of ideas etc.: anubhavaḥ or anubhūtiḥ.

REALIZE:
     I To accomplish: q. v.: sādhayati (c. of sādh).
     II To feel vividly: anubhavati, as if r. ing the pain: vedanāmanubhavanniva, Ki. iii. 69.
     III To convert into real property: expr. by circumlo.

REALLY:
     I In truth:
     1 yathārthataḥ;
     2 paramārthataḥ;
     3 satyam.
     II In reality:
     1 tattvataḥ;
     2 vastutaḥ (= in fact), S. p. b. 1. 69.

REALM: rāṣṭram: v. Kingdom, province.

REAM: of paper: *rīmam; potram.

REANIMATE:
     I To cheer, gladden: q. v.: pratyāśvāsayati (c. of śvas).
     II To revive:
     1 punar ujjīvayati (c. of jīv);
     2 sañjīvayati.

REAP:
     I Lit.:
     1 lunāti (, c. 9.), r. ing machine: lavitram;
     2 chinatti (chid, c. 7.), time for r. ing crops: śasyachedanakālaḥ, Nil. on Mah. ii. 5. 64.: Also to gather.
     II To get: q. v.: labhate (labh, c. 1.): v. To sow.

REAPER:
     I The man:
     1 lāvaka (f. vikā) or lāva (f. ); flower-r.: puṣpalāvī, Me. i. 27.;
     2 śasyacchedaka (f. dikā: of crops.).
     II A machine: lavitram.

REAPING-HOOK: lavitram: v. Sickle.

REAPPEAR: punar āvirbhavati etc.: v. To appear, again.

REAR (subs.):
     I The back: q. v.: pṛṣṭham.
     II Of an army:
     1 pṛṣṭham, on the r.: anupṛṣṭham, Ka. xix. 36.;
     2 pārṣṇiḥ, with the r. guarded: śuddhapārṣṇiḥ, R. iv. 26. Ph: or shall put the r. in disorder and attack the front with the pick of the army: paścādvā saṅkulīkṛtya hanyāt sāreṇa pūrvataḥ, Ka. xviii. 58.

REAR (v.):
     I To bring up, nourish: q. v.: vardhayati (c. of vṛdh).
     II To raise, lift up: q. v.: utthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     III To rise on hind legs: shall strike on the eyes when (a horse) r. s.: hanyānnetramārge durutthitam, M. n. on Si. v. 10.; r. ing; puruṣa kam, Williams.

REASON (subs.):
     I The intellect;
     1 vivekaḥ (good r.);
     2 buddhiḥ: v. Intellect;
     3 matiḥ: v. Mind;
     4 prajñā: v. Wisdom;
     5 vyutpattiḥ, of men endowed with r.: vyutpattimatāṃ puruṣāṇām, S. II. Ground, motive, cause:
     1 hetuḥ, speaks of its r. s in the (following) Sūtras: atra hetūnāha sūtraiḥ, S. p. b.;
     2 kāraṇam: v. Cause;
     3 nimittam (= ground), say for what r.: kathaya kasminnimitte. Ph.: (a) for what r.: kinnimittam: v. Why; (b) without r.: akāraṇam nirarthakam, (c) by r. of by abl.: v. Account of, on; (d) for that, this r.: tadartham etadartham or tannimittam etannimittam; (e) for some r. (lit. with some object): kenāpi kāmena, Ku. i. 57.
     III Argument:
     1 hetuḥ, crushing the opponent's r. s: parapakṣahetūnunmathya, S.;
     2 yuktiḥ, to prove some doctrine by mere r. s.: kevalābhiryu ktibhiḥ kañcit siddhāntaṃ sādhayitum, S.;
     3 upapattiḥ, r. s have been forcibly adduced: upapattirudāhṛtā balāt, Ki. ii. 28.
     IV Justice, propriety: q. v.

REASON (v.):
     1 tarkayati vi-, (tark, c. 10.);
     2 vicārayati (c. of car): v. To argue, debate. Ph.: r. ing faculty: dhīśaktiḥ: v. Reason (I).

REASONABLE:
     I Rational: q. v.: vivekin (f. ).
     II Just, proper: q. v.: nyāyya (f. yyā).
     III Moderate: q. v.: parimita (f. ).

REASONABLENESS:
     I Rationality:
     1 vivekitā;
     2 dhīśaktiḥ: v. Also reason (I).
     II Justness, propriety: q. v.: nyāyyatā.
     III Moderation: parimitatā.

REASONABLY:
     I Justly:
     1 nyāyataḥ;
     2 yuktitaḥ;
     3 sopapatti.
     II Moderately: (I) parimitam;
     2 better by adj.

REASONER:
     1 tarkin (f. ṇī);
     2 tārkika (f. );
     3 tarkakārin (f. ṇī).

REASONING (subs.):
     1 tarkaḥ;
     2 vicāraḥ "vicāramūḍhaḥ", R. ii. 47.

REASSUME: punaḥ pari-gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To assume, take.

REASSURE: punar āśvāsayati (c. of śvas): v. To assure, cheer.

REBATE: laghayati: v. To lessen, diminish.

REBEL (subs.):
     1 rājadrohin (f. ṇī);
     2 rājābhidrohin (f. ṇī);
     3 rājadviṣ (mfn.);
     4 rājadruh (mfn.);
     5 rājjāpathyakārin (f. ṇī), Mu.; and sim. comp.s.

REBEL (v.): rājñe druhyati (druh, c. 4.) or rājānamabhidruhyati or rājadrohaṃ karoti or rājñā virodhaṃ karoti and sim. expr. s.

REBELLION:
     1 rājadrohaḥ;
     2 rājābhidrohaḥ;
     3 rājavirodhaḥ.

REBELLIOUS: rājaviruddha (f. ddhā): v. Rebel (subs.).

REBOUND:
     I Verb: pratighātād utpatati, (pat, c. 1.), and made the (ball) r. by striking; praśāntaṃ taṃ prahārairudapātayat, D. vi.
     II Subs.: expr. by circumlo.

REBUFF (subs.):
     I Repulsion:
     1 pratyādeśaḥ;
     2 avadhīraṇā.
     II Repercussion:
     1 pratighātaḥ;
     2 pratihatiḥ.

REBUFF (v.):
     1 pratyādiśati (diś, c. 6.);
     2 avadhīrayati (avadhīr, c. 10.).

REBUILD: prativi-dadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. To build, again.

REBUKE:
     I Verb: bhartsayati -te (bharts, c. 10.): v. To censure, reproach.
     II Subs.: bhartsanā: v. Censure, reproach.

REBUKER: bhartsanākārin (f. ṇī): v. Censurer.

REBUS: no equiv.: *citraprahelikā.

REBUT:
     1 nirasyati (as, c. 4.):
     2 pratikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), D. s. iii.

RECALL (v.):
     I Lit.: pratyāhvayati (hve, c. 1.): v. To call, back.
     II To remember: q. v.: smarati (smṛ, c. 1.).
     III To annul, revoke: q. v.: nivartayati (c. of vṛt).

RECALL (subs.):
     1 pratyāhvānam (= calling back);
     2 nivartanam (= revocation).

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RECANT: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2): v. To deny, retract.

RECANTATION: pratyākhyānam: v. Contradiction, retraction.

RECAPITULATE: saṃkṣepataḥ kathayati, (kath, c. 10.): v. To relate.

RECAPITULATION: saṃkṣepataḥ punaruktiḥ and sim. expr. s.

RECEDE:
     I To move back, retreat: q. v.: apasarati (sṛ, c. 1.).
     II To desist: q. v.: nivartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

RECEIPT:
     I Receiving:
     1 ādānam;
     2 pari (prati) grahaḥ -ṇam;
     3 by verb.
     II Income: q. v.: āyaḥ.
     III Note of acknowledgement: *pratigrahaṇam.

RECEIVABLE:
     1 ādeya (f. ), sam-;
     2 pari- (prati) grahaṇīya (f. );
     3 pari (prati) grāhya (f. hyā).

RECEIVE:
     1 samāsādayati (c. of sad): v. To get gain;
     2 parigṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To accept.

RECEIVER:
     I Lit.:
     1 prati(pari)grahītṛ (f. trī);
     2 prati (pari) grāhaka (f. hikā);
     3 prati(pari)grāhin (f. ṇī), r. s (of stolen property): pratigrāhiṇaḥ, Mit.
     II A reservoir:
     1 ādhāraḥ;
     2 bhājanam.

RECENT: abhinava (f. ): v. New, fresh.

RECENTLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also lately.

RECEPTACLE:
     1 ādhāraḥ;
     2 nidhānam or nidhiḥ (in fig. senses);
     3 bhājanam (= vessel);
     4 āśrayaḥ (= refuge).

RECEPTION:
     I Receiving: pari (prati) grahaḥ.
     II Entertainment:
     1 perh. parigrahaḥ;
     2 upacāraḥ (courteous r.), C.;
     3 sambhāvanā (= honouring), Ki.

RECEPTIVE: r. of: -grāhin (f. ṇī): v. To receive.

RECESS:
     I Place of retirement:
     1 śaraṇam (rare);
     2 viviktam (= secluded spot);
     3 vilam (= hole);
     4 viśrāmasthānam and sim. comp.s.
     II Holidays: viśrāmakālaḥ and sim. comp.s.

RECIPE: r. s for making food: annānāṃ sādhanaprakāraḥ, Bha.

RECIPIENT: grāhaka (f. hikā): v. Receiver.

RECIPROCAL:
     I Mutual: q. v.: paraspara- in comp.
     II Mutually interchangeable:
     1 parasparānuvartin (f. );
     2 anyonyapraguṇa (f. ṇā), Mal. i. 17.; and sim. comp.s.

RECIPROCALLY:
     1 parasparam;
     2 anyo'nyam;
     3 itaretaram.

RECIPROCATE: expr. by circumlo: v. Reciprocally, interchange.

RECIPROCITY:
     1 vyatikaraḥ, pleasure of r.: vyatikarasukham, Sa. iii. 27.;
     2 vinimayaḥ (= interchange);
     3 by adv.: v. Mutual.

RECITAL, RECITATION:
     I Reading:
     1 pāṭhaḥ pra-;
     2 vācanam nir- (as of letters).
     II Narration, description: q. v.: varṇanā.

RECITE:
     1 vācayati (c. of vac): v. To read;
     2 kathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To narrate.

RECITER:
     1 vācaka (f. cikā = reader);
     2 kathaka (f. thikā = narrator).

RECKLESS: pramatta (f. ttā): v. Careless, rash.

RECKLESSLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 pramādāt: v. Carelessly.

RECKLESSNESS:
     1 pramattatā;
     2 pramādaḥ: v. Carelessness.

RECKON:
     I To count:
     1 gaṇayati pari- vi- pra-, (gaṇ, c. 10.), then all his excellencies might be r. ed: gaṇeyaniḥśeṣaguṇo'pi sa syāt, N. iii. 40.;
     2 saṃkhyāti pari- pra-, (khyā, c. 2.), cannot be r. ed: na śakyaṃ parisaṃkhyātum, Mah.
     II To think, consider: q. v.:
     1 gaṇayati vi- pari-, r. your success is not distant: adūravartinīmātmanaḥ siddhiṃ vigaṇaya, R. i. 87.;
     2 manyate (man, c. 4.).
     III To r. on or upon i. e. to depend on:
     1 gaṇayati vi- pari-;
     2 sambhāvayati (c. of bhū): v. To believe, rely on.
     IV To r. for, i. e. to be answerable for: expr. with dāyin (f. : ?).

RECKONER:
     1 gaṇaka (f. ṇikā);
     2 gaṇayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 saṃkhyātṛ (f. trī). Ph.: ready r.: *sahajagaṇakaḥ.

RECKONING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 gaṇanam -nā vi- pari-;
     2 saṃkhyānam pari- pra-.
     II Thinking, consideration:
     1 gaṇanā;
     2 vitarkaḥ (= guess).
     III A statement: perh. gaṇanā(na)patram. Ph.: dead r. (at sea): perh. gatigaṇanā.

RECLAIM:
     I Lit.: v. To claim, again.
     II To effect reformation:
     1 śodhayati pari-, (c. of śudh);
     2 satpathe pravartayati (c. of vṛt).
     III Of lands: perh. śodhayati pari- vi-;
     2 kṛṣiyogyaṃ (f. gyāṃ) karoti.

RECLAMATION:
     I Recovery: q. v.
     II In gen.: śodhanam vi- pari-.

RECLINE:
     I To lean back:
     1 ava-lambate ā- samā-, (lamb, c. 1.);
     2 āśrayati upā- samā-, (śri, c. 1.), where other women have not r.d: anupāśrito'nyayā, U. i. 37.;
     3 expr. with words meaning pillow: q. v.
     II To lie, rest: q. v.: viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.).

RECLINING, RECLINED (adj.):
     1 namra (f. mrā), ava- pra- (= bent, low);
     2 śayāna (f. = lying down);
     3 by verb.

RECLUSE:
     I Subs.: sannyāsin (f. ): v. Hermit.
     II Adj.: vivikta (f. ktā): v. Solitary, lonely.

RECOGNITION: abhijñānam prati-;
     2 abhijñā prati-;
     3 saṃvittiḥ prati- (rare).

RECOGNIZABLE:
     1 abhijñeyaḥ (yā yaṃ), prati-;
     2 saṃvedya (f. dyā) or -danīya (f. ), prati- (rare).

RECOGNIZANCE: no equiv.: darśanāṅgīkāraḥ (comp. prātibhāvyāṅgīkāraḥ, Mit.).

RECOGNIZE:
     I To see likeness or identity:
     1 abhijānāti prati- saṃ- (jñā, c. 9.), I am r. d by him: pratyabhijñātāsmyetena, Ra. iii.; anabhijñeyapūrvākāraṃ tamahamadrākṣam, K.;
     2 saṃvitte prati-, (vid, c. 2.), when even my parents do not r. me: pitarāvapi yāvanmāṃ na pratisaṃvidāte, D. iii.
     II To acknowledge: q. v.: aṅgīkaroti.

RECOIL:
     I Verb:
     1 parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.);
     2 vyapavartate, Mah. i. 19.: v. Also to fall back.
     II Subs.:
     1 parāvṛttiḥ;
     2 parāvartaḥ nam;
     3 vyapavṛttiḥ or -vartanam.

RECOLLECT:
     I To remember: q. v.: smarati (smṛ, c. 1.).
     II To r. one's self, not to forget one's self: dhairyaṃ na muñcati (muc, c. 6.); vikṛtiṃ na gacchati (gam, c. 1.); and sim. expr. s.
     III To recognize: q. v.

RECOLLECTION: smṛtiḥ: v. Remembrance.

RECOMMEND:
     I To commend, praise: q. v.: praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.).
     II To another's favourable notice: expr. by circumlo., I will r. you to Damayanti in such a way: tadahaṃ vidadhe tava stavaṃ dabhayantyāḥ savidhe tathā tathā, N. ii. 47.
     III To advise: q. v.: upadiśati (diś, c. 6.).
     IV To commit, entrust: q. v.

RECOMMENDATION:
     I In gen.:
     1 praśaṃsā (= praise);
     2 guṇavarṇanā (= description of good qualities); and sim. expr. s.
     II Advice: q. v.: upadeśaḥ.

RECOMMENDATORY:
     1 guṇakhyāpaka (f. pikā);
     2 guṇollekhin (f. );
     3 guṇaśaṃsin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

RECOMPENSE (v.):
     I For some loss:
     1 śodhayati pari- prati-, (c. of śudh);
     2 kṣatipūraṇaṃ karoti.
     II To pay: q. v.: mūlyaṃ dadāti.

RECOMPENSE (subs.):
     1 niṣkṛtiḥ: v. Compensation;
     2 mūlyam (= price);
     3 pāritoṣikam (= reward).

RECONCILABLE:
     1 prasādanīya (f. );
     2 sā(śā) ntvanīya (f. ), pari-.

RECONCILE:
     I To conciliate:
     1 milanaṃ or saṃmilanaṃ kārayati (c. of kṛ);
     2 saṃghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ);
     3 kopaṃ śamayati (c. of śam = to appease anger);
     4 prasādayati (c. of sad).
     II To make consistent:
     1 visaṃvādam apākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 aikyaṃ karoti.

RECONCILIATION, RECONCILEMENT:
     I The act:
     1 by verb;
     2 prasādanam (= conciliation).
     II The state:
     1 milanam -saṃ-;
     2 saṃghaṭanam -nā;
     3 aikyam.
     III Of figures etc.: ekīkaraṇam: v. To reconcile (II).

RECONDITE:
     1 gūḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-;
     2 gahana (f. = difficult, obscure: q. v.);
     3 rahasya (f. syā): v. Secret;
     4 durbodha (f. dhā), durjñeya (f. ), and sim. expr.s (= not intelligible).

RECONNAISSANCE:
     1 gaveṣaṇā -ṇam;
     2 parīkṣā (= examination).

RECONNOITRE:
     1 gaveṣayati (gaveṣ, c. 10.);
     2 parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1. = to examine). Ph.: r. ing party: cārāḥ (= spies), Ram. vi. 1.

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RECONSIDER: paryālocayati (loc, c. 10.): v. To consider, again.

RECORD (subs.);
     1 lekhyam or lekhaḥ ā-, that he delivers the r.s of Laṅkā for communicating to Indra: yena laṅkālekhyakamuddhṛtya samarpayati purandaraśrāvaṇāya, B. r. ix.;
     2 perh. akṣaḥ, chief r.-keeper: mahākṣapaṭalikaḥ, B. r. ix.

RECORD (v.):
     1 lekhye or patre niveśayati (c. of viś) or āropayati sam-, (c. of ruh);
     2 likhati abhi-, (likh, c. 6 = to write).

RECORDER: of London and other towns: prāḍvivākaḥ.

RECOUNT: śrāvayati (c. of śru): v. To tell, narrate.

RECOURSE (subs.):
     1 āśrayaḥ;
     2 saṃśrayaḥ. Ph.: to have r. to: śrayati -te ā- samupā- samā- upā- saṃ-, (śri, c. 1.), having r. to spirit: tejaḥ samāśritya, Ki. xvii. 3.; will have r. to Rāma: rāghavaṃ saṃśrayiṣyati, Ram.; had r. to (the forest) Naimisha: naimiṣaṃ śiśriye, R. xix. 1.

RECOVER (v. t.):
     I To regain:
     1 labhate (labh, c. 1. = to gain: q. v.), spoke to her when she r. ed her consciousness: labdhacetānāmavādīt, K.; let him r. his eye-sight: sa labdhacakṣurbhavet, Mah. iii. 297. 27.; if you r. your possession: yadi labdhā punarātmanaḥ padam, Ki. ii. 17.;
     2 aśnute sam-, (, c. 5.: rare), if (one) r. s his health: yadyarogitāṃ samaśnute, Si. xiv. 13.
     II To cure: q. v.

RECOVER (v. i.):
     1 su(sva)stha or prakṛtistha (f. sthā) bhavati, Sr.;
     2 ārogyaṃ labhate (labh, c. 1.): v. Health, to gain;
     3 prakṛtiṃ bhajate (bhaj, c. 1.), Sr.

RECOVERABLE:
     1 pratilabhya (f. bhyā);
     2 punarlabhya (f. bhyā);
     3 gen. by labhya (f. bhyā), prāpya (f. pyā), āsādanīya (f. ), etc.

RECOVERY:
     I In gen.:
     1 punarlābhaḥ;
     2 punaḥprāptiḥ;
     3 better by verb.
     II From illness:
     1 rogasamutthānam;
     2 svāsthyalābhaḥ; and sim. expr. s.

RECREANT:
     I Cowardly: q. v.: kātara (f. ).
     II Apostate: q. v.: dharmabhraṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

RECREATE:
     I Lit: v. To create, again.
     II To refresh, cheer: q. v.: āśvāsayati (c. of śvaś).
     III To repose, rest: q. v.: viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.).

RECREATION:
     1 vinodaḥ (= amusement);
     2 vihāraḥ (by walking about);
     3 viśrāmaḥ (= rest). To take r.: v. To amuse, rest.

RECREATIVE:
     1 vinodaka (f. dikā);
     2 sukhakara (f. );
     3 manorañjana (f. ).

RECRIMINATE:
     1 pratyabhiyuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.);
     2 pratyabhiśaṃsate (śaṃs, c. 1.).

RECRIMINATION:
     1 pratyabhiyogaḥ;
     2 pratyabhiśaṃsanam.

RECRUIT (subs.): perh. navasainikaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Soldier, new.

RECRUIT (v.):
     I To supply deficiency: puṣṇāti or poṣayati pari- saṃ-, (puṣ, c. 9. and causal), r. ed her pretty parts: pupoṣa lāvaṇyamayān viśeṣān, Ku. i. 25.
     II To refresh, reinvigorate:
     1 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh = increase);
     2 āśvāsayati (c. of śvas = to cheer);
     3 prabalīkaroti (= strengthen).
     III Of soldiers: utthāpayati sam- (c. of sthā = to raise).

RECTANGLE: ṛjukoṇaḥ or samakoṇaḥ caturbhujaḥ.

RECTANGULAR: ṛjukoṇa (f. ṇā) or samakoṇa (f. ṇā).

RECTIFICATION: śodhanam pari- saṃ- vi-: v. Correction, purification.

RECTIFY: śodhayati pari- saṃ- vi-, (c. of śudh): v. To correct, purify.

RECTILINEAR, RECTILINEAL: saralarekha (f. khā) and sim. comp.s.

RECTITUDE: śucitā: v. Uprightness, honesty, justice.

RECTOR:
     I A clergyman: *grāmācāryaḥ grāmikaḥ.
     II Of colleges etc.: nāyakaḥ.

RECTORY: grāmikādhikāraḥ (province); *grāmikāvāsaḥ (residence).

RECUMBENT:
     1 śayāna (f. = lying down);
     2 pārśvaśaya (f. = on the back);
     3 saṃviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = sitting down);
     4 namra (f. mrā = bent, low).

RECUR:
     I To come again: q. v.:
     1 pratyāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.);
     2 punar āgacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     II To the mind: udeti (i, c. 2. = to arise).

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RECURRENCE:
     I Return: q. v.: pratyāvṛttiḥ.
     II To the mind: udayaḥ.

RECUSANT: pratīpa (f. ): v. Refractory, obstinate.

RED:
     I Adj.:
     1 rakta (f. ktā);
     2 lohita (f. or );
     3 raktavarṇa (f. rṇā) and sim comp.s;
     4 śoṇa (f. ṇā = crimson);
     5 aruṇa (f. ṇā = deep r.).
     II Subs.: raktaḥ -varṇaḥ and sim. expr. s.

REDDEN:
     I Intrans.:
     1 raktībhavati;
     2 lohitāyate -ti, (nomi.).
     II Trans.:
     1 raktīkaroti;
     2 raktayati.

REDDISH:
     1 ārakta (f. ktā);
     2 ālohita (f. or );
     3 īṣadrakta (f. ktā) and sim. comp.s.

REDDISHNESS:
     1 āraktatā;
     2 āraktiman (m.);
     3 īṣadraktatā; etc.

REDEEM:
     I To get back, buying back:
     1 mokṣayati pari- vi- saṃ-, if a mortgage is not r.ed: yadyādhirna mokṣyate, Y. ii. 39.;
     2 mocayati vi- pari- saṃ- (c. of muc), the debtor should r. (it): ṛṇī mocitumarhati, Vri.;
     3 dhanaṃ dattvā mokṣayati, etc., Mit.
     II To save: q. v.: mokṣayati.
     III To atone for: śodhayati pari- saṃ- (c. of śudh).

REDEEMER: mokṣaka (f. kṣikā), pari- vi- saṃ-; v. Saviour.

REDEMPTION:
     I Buying back:
     1 mokṣaḥ -ṇam pari- vi- saṃ-;
     2 by circumlo.: v. To redeem.
     II Liberation, deliverance: q. v.: mokṣaḥ -ṇam.

RED-HANDED: śoṇitaśoṇapāṇi (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.: v. Bloody.

RED-HOT:
     1 abhitapta (f. ptā = heated);
     2 udarcis (mfn. = luminous);
     3 jvalat (f. ntī = burning).

RED-LEAD:
     1 sindūram;
     2 raktacūrṇam;
     3 nāgasambhavam, A.

REDNESS:
     1 raktatvam -tā;
     2 raktiman (m.);
     3 lauhityam;
     4 lohitiman (m.);
     5 aruṇiman (m. = deep r.): v. Red.

REDOLENT:
     1 surabhi (mfn.);
     2 sugandhi (mfn.): v. Fragrant.

REDOUBLE: r. d.: vivṛddha (f. ddhā): v. To increase, excite.

REDOUBT (subs.): prākāraviśeṣaḥ.

REDOUBTABLE: bhīma (f. ): v. Terrible, valiant.

REDOUND:
     I To conduce, bring about: q. v.
     II To overflow: q. v.

REDRESS (subs.):
     1 prati(tī)kāraḥ;
     2 pratikriyāḥ v. Also reparation.

REDRESS (v.):
     1 pratikaroti;
     2 samā-dadhati or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. Also to repair, amend.

REDUCE:
     I Lit.: pratyādiśati (diś, c. 6.): v. To lead.
     II To bring to any state:
     1 nayati (, c. 1.), the king by r. ing (them) to the poverty of misery: praṇīya dāridryadaridratāṃ nṛpaḥ, N. i. 45.;
     2 karoti in comp., who has r.d kings to subjection: karadīkṛtabhūpālaḥ, Si. ii. 9.;
     3 by circumlo., r. d. cupid to ashes: bhasmāvaśeṣaṃ madanaṃ cakāra, Ku. iii. 72.;
     4 -sātkaroti, in some comp.s., r. to ashes: bhasmasātkaroti; r. to dust: dhūlisātkaroti. To be r. d:
     1 by verbs of motion: v. To become;
     2 bhavati- in comp., r. d to mud: paṅkībhavat, N. i. 8.; r. d to ashes: bhasmībhūta (f. ), D. s.;
     3 -sādbhavati in some comp.s.
     III To diminish:
     1 nyūnīkaroti;
     2 hrasayati (nomi.);
     3 laghayati (nomi. = to lower).
     IV To order: v. To arrange.
     V In arith.: kathayati (= to say) and ins.

REDUCIBLE: r. to ashes: bhasmasātkaraṇīya (f. ): v. To reduce.

REDUCTION: by verb: v. To reduce.

REDUNDANCE, REDUNDANCY: ādhikyam: v. Excess, abundance.

REDUNDANT:
     1 samadhika (f. );
     2 atirikta (f. ktā): v. Excessive.

REDUNDANTLY:
     1 samadhikam;
     2 sātiśayam;
     3 atiriktam.

REDUPLICATE: ph.: in monosyllabic (roots), the first (syllable) is r.d: ekāco dve prathamasya, Pāṇini vi. 1. 1.: v. Also to double.

REDUPLICATION: abhyāsaḥ, Pāṇini vi. 1. 4.

RE-ECHO:
     I Trans.:
     1 pratidhvanayati (c. of dhvan);
     2 pratinādayati (c. of nad): v. To echo.
     II Intrans.:
     1 pratidhvanati (dhvan, c. 1.);
     2 pratinadati (nad, c. 1.).

REED:
     1 nalaḥ (ḍaḥ), a r. thicket: naḍyā;
     2 dhamanaḥ (rare). R. -pen: kalamaḥ.

REEDY:
     1 naḍvalaḥ (lā laṃ), R. xviii. 5.;
     2 naḍvat (f. );
     3 naḍaprāyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp.s.

REEF (subs.): of rocks: śiloccayaḥ (?).

REEF (v.): saṃharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To contract.

REEK:
     I Subs., smoke: q. v.: bāṣpaḥ.
     II Verb: vāṣpam udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.): v. To emit.

REEL (v.): skhalati (skhal, c. 1.), r. ing at every step: pade pade praskhalan, P. i. 4.

REEL (subs):
     I For winding thread: āvāpanam.
     II A dance: q. v.: perh.: tāṇḍavam.

REFECTION: pāraṇā: v. Meal, repast.

REFECTORY: perh. bhojanaśālā and sim. comp.s.

REFER:
     I To direct for information: I r. you to the sage about it: munimidaṃ pṛccha or jijñāsasvaḥ he r. ed me to the letter: sa māṃ patrāya or patradarśane samadikṣat: v. To advise, ask, enquire, see.
     II To submit to or judge by any authority: I r. the matter to the judge: prāḍvivākamatajñānāya viṣayamimaṃ nirdiśāmi; I r. this to the Panchayat: pañcakavicārāya samarpayāmi: v. To deliver, convey.
     III To ascribe: q. v.: āropayati (c. of ruh); by circumlo.: v. Cause.
     IV To allude: q. v.: lakṣīkaroti.

REFERABLE: expr. by circumlo.: v. To refer.

REFEREE: madhyasthaḥ: v. Umpire.

REFERENCE:
     I The act: expr. by circumlo.: v. To refer. Ph.: in or with r. to: uddiśya lakṣīkṛtya, etc.: v. About (III)
     II That which is referred to: perh. udāharaṇam (= illustration): uddeśaḥ sam- (?).

REFINE:
     I To purify: q. v.: viśodhayati (c. of śudh).
     II To polish, make elegant:
     1 saṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.);
     2 vinayate (, c. 1.);
     3 saṃśodhayati (rare).

REFINED (adj.):
     I Purified: saṃśuddha (f. ddhā).
     II Polished:
     1 saṃskṛta (f. );
     2 saṃskāravat (f. ), r. intellect: saṃskāravatī buddhiḥ, K.;
     3 saṃskārapūta (f. ), Ku. vii. 90.
     III Nice: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā).

REFINEMENT:
     I The act: śodhanam vi- saṃ-.
     II Polished manners:
     1 saṃskāraḥ;
     2 vinayaḥ;
     3 śiṣṭācāraḥ.
     III Subtlety, nicety: sūkṣmatarkaḥ (?).

REFINER:
     1 śodhaka (f. dhikā), saṃ- vi-;
     2 saṃskartṛ (f. rtrī).

REFLECT (v. i.):
     I To think over, ponder:
     1 cintayati pari- vi- saṃ-, (cint, c. 10.);
     2 dhyāyati anu- abhi- saṃ-, (dhyai, c. 1.): v. To think, consider.
     II To censure: q. v.: adhikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

REFLECT (v. t.):
     I To throw back: pratikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II As images: v. Reflected, be.

REFLECTED, TO BE:
     1 pratiphalati (phal, c. 1.), being r. in the heart: hṛdi pratiphalat, N. iv. 13; the rays being r. d: pratiphalati karaughe, Si. xi. 58;
     2 pratibimbati (nomi.), are r. like bordering trees in a lake: pratibimbanti sarasīva taṭadrumāḥ, S. p. b.; as if the summit of the Kailāsa r. in the nocturnal Yamunā: yāminīyamunāyāṃ pratibimbitamiva kailāsaśikharam,
     V iii.

REFLECTION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II The image reflected:
     1 pratibimbam (mn.), saw his reflection in the well: kūpamadhye ātmanaḥ pratibimbaṃ dadarśa, P.;
     2 pratiphalam (rare): v. Image, shadow.
     III Consideration, deliberation: q. v.: cintā.
     IV Censure: q. v.: adhikṣepaḥ.

REFLECTOR: in physic: ādarśaḥ (prop. mirror).

REFLEXIVE, REFLECTIVE:
     I In gram.: r. verb: expr. by karmakartṛvācyam.
     II Thinking: r. faculty: dhīśaktiḥ.

REFLEXIVELY: in gram.: karmakartari (loc.).

REFLUENT:
     1 perh. pratisyandamāna (f. );
     2 parāvartin (f. ).

REFLUX:
     1 pratisyandaḥ (?);
     2 parāvartaḥ or -vṛttiḥ (?);
     3 hrāsaḥ (= decrease: of tide).

REFORM (v. t.):
     I Lit.: pratisṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.): v. To form, create, again.
     II To amend, correct: q. v.:
     1 vi-śodhayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of śudh);
     2 durmatiṃ nāśayati (c. of naś), chinatti (chid, c. 7.), etc. (of men: with gen.).
     III To improve, remove defects: perh.: pra-karṣati ut-, (kṛṣ, c. 1.).

REFORM (v. i.):
     1 ātmānaṃ viśodhayati;
     2 pūtaṃ panthānaṃ bhajate (bhaja, c. l.), Vi. iii. and sim. comp.s.

REFORM (subs.): perh. saṃśodhanam: v. Also reformation.

REFORMATION:
     I Amendment, improvement: q. v.:
     1 saṃśodhanam;
     2 prakarṣaḥ -ṇam.
     II Of one's self: expr. by circumlo.: v. Reform (v. i.).
     III Lit., as of an island: punarutthānam: v. Formation, appearance.

REFORMATORY (subs.): *śodhanālayaḥ.

REFORMER:
     1 saṃśodhaka (f. dhikā: ?);
     2 dharmapravartaka (f. rtikā: of religion);
     3 by circumlo.: v. To reform.

REFRACT: of rays: perh. parāvartayati (c. of vṛt). To be r. ed: perh. parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

REFRACTION: perh. parāvartaḥ or parāvṛttiḥ.

REFRACTORY:
     1 pratīpa (f. );
     2 avidheya (f. ): v. Also obstinate.

REFRAIN (v. t.): niyacchati (yam, c. l.): v. To restrain, control.

REFRAIN (v. i.):
     1 nivartate (vṛt, c. l.): v. To abstain;
     2 viramati (ram, c. l.): v. To desist, cease;
     3 by v. t.

REFRESH:
     I In gen.:
     1 āśvāsayati sam- (c. of śvas = to cheer, comfort);
     2 abhinandayati (c. of nand = to gladden, delight);
     3 prahlādayati (c. of hlād =2), Śiva r. ed them by the cooling command of not to depart: śivaḥ prahlādayāmāsa tān niṣedhahimāmbunā, Ki. xv. 30.
     II To repair, restore: q. v.

REFRESHING (adj.):
     1 prahlādana (f. ): v. Delightful;
     2 śītala (f. ): v. Cool;
     3 madhura (f. ): v. Sweet;
     4 śramāpaha (f. = fatigue-removing).

REFRESHMENT:
     I The act:
     1 āśvāsanam;
     2 prahlādanam: v. To refresh.
     II Food: q. v.: abhyavahāraḥ, to take some r.: kiñcid abhyavaharati; r. -room: *abhyavahāraśālā.

REFRIGERATORY (subs.): *śītasādhaṇam; uṣṇanirvāpaṇam.

REFUGE:
     1 āśrayaḥ saṃśrayaḥ, or samāśrayaḥ, the r. of the wits: āśrayo rasikānām, K.; take r. with eneimies: dviṣatāṃ yānti saṃśrayam, Ka. xiv. 13.;
     2 śaraṇam, people obtaining your r.: śaraṇaṃ bhavantamadhigamya janāḥ, Ki. xviii. 22.; r. of fire: agniśaraṇam, Sa. iv.: v. Also shelter, abode.

REFUGEE:
     1 śaraṇāgata (f. );
     2 śaraṇaṃ prapanna (f. nnā); and sim. comp.s.

REFULGENCE: aujjvalyam: v. Brilliancy, splendour.

REFULGENT: samujjvala (f. ): v. Brilliant, splendid.

REFUND: pratidadāti (, c. 3.): v. To repay.

REFUSAL:
     I Rejection, denial:
     1 pratyākhyānam;
     2 pratyādeśaḥ;
     3 by curcumlo.
     II Pre-emption: pūrvakrayādhikāraḥ.

REFUSE (v.):
     I Not to grant, decline: na icchati (iṣ, c. 6. = wish): v. Also to forbid.
     II To reject: q. v.:
     1 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), if you r. me being asked: yadi māṃ yācitaḥ pratyākhyāsyasi, Mah. i. 74. 16.;
     2 pratyācaṣṭe (cakṣa, c. l.), I r. not for any fault: ahaṃ pratyācakṣe na doṣataḥ, 17.

REFUSE (subs.):
     1 ucchiṣṭam;
     2 śeṣaḥ
     3 avaśiṣṭam.

REFUTABLE:
     1 nirākaraṇīya (f. );
     2 nirasanīya (f. ); etc.

REFUTATION:
     1 khaṇḍanam -nā;
     2 nirāsaḥ, your attempt for its r.: bhavatastannirāsaprayāsaḥ, Khaṇḍana Khaṇḍa;
     3 pratikṣepaḥ;
     4 vyākṣepaḥ;
     5 bādhanam or bādhā (= opposition);
     6 pratyākhyānam (gainsaying).

REFUTE (v.):
     1 nirākaroti, r. d evidence produced by a claimant by counter-evidence: vādikṛtaṃ pramāṇamanyairnirākarot prabhāṇaiḥ, Si. xx. 18.;
     2 nirasyati ut- vyut-, the weapon of the defeated is to be thus r. d: anena bhagnasyāstraṃ nirasanīyam, Khaṇḍana Khaṇḍa;
     3 prati-kṣipati vi-, (kṣip, c. 6.), r. ing this doctrine: tamimaṃ pakṣaṃ pratikṣipantaḥ, D. s. vii.;
     4 khaṇḍayati pari- vi-, (khaṇḍa, c. 10. = to break, defeat);
     5 bādhate pra-, (bādh, c. l. = to oppose), as it cannot be r. d by inference etc.: anumānādibhirabādhyatvāt, M. n. on Ki. xi. 39;
     6 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To contradict.

REFUTER:
     1 nirākartṛ (f. rtrī);
     2 nirāsakārin (f. ṇī);
     3 bādhaka (f. dhikā);
     4 by verb.

REGAIN: pratilabhate (labh, c. l.): v. To gain, get, again.

REGAL: rājakīya (f. ): v. Royal.

REGALE: santarpayati (c. of tṛp): v. To satisfy, entertain.

REGALIA:
     I Lit.:
     1 rājaliṅgāni (n. pl.);
     2 rājacihrāni (n. pl.); etc.
     II In gen.:
     1 liṅgāni;
     2 cihnāni;
     3 lakṣaṇāni.

REGARD (v. t.):
     I To look at, face: q. v.
     II To observe, (pay) attention to: q. v.:
     1 ādriyate (dṛ, c. 4.), where these three are r. ed: yatraite traya ādritāḥ, M. ii. 234.;
     2 prati-īkṣate pratyava-, (īkṣ, c. l.), does not r. my partisans: na matpakṣān pratyavekṣate, D. viii.: v. Also to respect, care.
     III To think, consider: q. v.: manyate (man, c. 4.).
     IV To have relation to: uddiśati (diś, c. 6.), r. ing the god: uddiśya dikpatim, N. xiii. 14.: v. About (III).

REGARD (sub.):
     I Esteem, respect, honour: q. v.:
     1 ādaraḥ sam-;
     2 pratīkṣā or pratyabekṣā, to those to whom you should pay r.: pratīkṣyeṣu, R. v. 14.
     II Consideration, attention, care: q. v.: avekṣā. Ph.: to have r. for: avekṣate (īkṣ, c. l.): v. To regard (II).
     III Relation, reference: Ph.: with, in r. to:
     1 uddiśya sam-;
     2 adhikṛtya;
     3 pratīkṣya, etc.

REGARDLESS: r. of: anādṛtya anavekṣya, or agaṇayitvā ; v. Also careless.

REGARDLESSLY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Also carelessly, negligently.

REGATTA: perh. naukākrīḍā -devanam, and sim. comp.s.

REGENCY:
     1 śāsanam (= government);
     2 perh. śūnyapālatvam: v. Regent (II).

REGENERATE: punar janayati (c. of jan). To be r. d: punar jāyate (jan, c. 4.). or bhavati (= to become); fig. śodhayati (c. of śudh).

REGENERATION:
     1 punarjanman (n.);
     2 punarutpattiḥ;
     3 punarbhavaḥ;
     4 punarjananam, etc.

REGENT:
     I Governor: śāsakaḥ. Ph.: r. s of the quarters: lokapālāḥ, R. II. In a king's absence etc.: śūnyapālaḥ, made you r. here: tvāṃ śūnyapālamihākarot, Mah. iv. 35. 11.

REGICIDE:
     I The crime:
     1 rājño vadhaḥ, B. p.;
     2 by tat. comp.
     II The man:
     1 rājahan (mfn.);
     2 nṛpadhātin (f. );
     3 rājaghaḥ, S. k.; etc.

REGIMEN: annapānavidhiḥ (?), C. s.: v. Diet, living.

REGIMENT: vāhinī (?).

REGIMENTAL:
     I Adj.: by comp.
     II In pl., r. dress: vāhinīveṣaḥ (?).

REGION:
     I Country, tract.: q. v.: deśaḥ pra-, and not in this r.: na cāsmin pradeśe, K. Ph.: the lower r. s: adholokaḥ or -bhuvanam; the upper r. s: ūrddha lokaḥ.
     II Of the sky: diś (f.): v. Quarter.
     III Of the body: deśaḥ pra-, umbilical r.: nābhipradeśaḥ.

REGISTER:
     I Subs.: perh. patrikā, Raj.; *akṣavatī.
     II To record: *akṣavatyāṃ niveśayati (c. of viś) or āropayati (c. of ruh).

REGISTRAR: *patrikāśāsakaḥ akṣavatyadhikṛtaḥ.

REGISTRATION, REGISTRY: *akṣavatyāṃ niveśanam; patrikāropaṇam.

REGNANT:
     1 śāsanakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 śāsaka (f. sikā).

REGRET (subs.): duḥkham: v. Grief, remorse.

REGRET (v.): expr. by duḥkhita (f. ): v. Also to lament, grieve.

REGRETFUL:
     1 duḥkhita (f. );
     2 anutapta (f. ptā = remorseful).

REGULAR (adj.):
     I Of men:
     1 niyata (f. );
     2 vyavasthita (f. ):
     3 niyamānuvartin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Symmetrical, arranged in proper order:
     1 anupūrva (f. rvā);
     2 anuloma (f. );
     3 ānulomika (f. ).
     III Coming in order:
     1 yathākrama- -in comp.;
     2 naiyamika (f. );
     3 nitya (f. tyā = constant, daily).
     IV Normal, proper:
     1 yukta (f. ktā);
     2 ucita (f. ), sam-;
     3 upapanna (f. nnā).

[Page 583]

REGULARITY:
     I Of men:
     1 niyamānuvartitā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 vyavasthitatvam -tā;
     3 avyabhicāritā.
     II Method, uniformity:
     1 kramaḥ anu-;
     2 paripāṭiḥ (ṭī);
     3 vyavasthā.
     III Symmetrical arrangement: expr. by adj.: v. Regular (II).

REGULARLY:
     I In due order:
     1 yathākramam;
     2 anukramam;
     3 anujbhitakramam;
     4 anupūrvaśaḥ.
     II According to rule:
     1 yathāvidhi;
     2 vidhivat;
     3 yathāvidhānam;
     4 yathāvihitam.

REGULATE:
     I To adjust, arrange: q. v.:
     1 saṃvi-dadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.);
     2 parikalpayati upa-, (klṭap, c. 10.).
     II To manage, rule: q. v.:
     1 śāsti anu- (śās, c. 2.);
     2 niyacchati (yam, c. l. = to control).
     III To adjust by rule: perh. vyavasthāpayati (c. of sthā).

REGULATION:
     I The act:
     1 saṃvidhānam;
     2 pari-, or upa- kalpaḥ -nam;
     3 śāsanam anu-;
     4 vyavasthāpanam; for dif.: v. To regulate.
     II Rule, law: q. v.: vyavasthā.

REGULATOR:
     1 śāsaka (f. sikā), anu-;
     2 niyantṛ (f. ntrī), vi-, (= controller).

REHEARSAL:
     I Recital, narration: q. v.: pāṭhaḥ.
     II Previous practice: perh. prayogaḥ: v. To rehearse (II)

REHEARSE:
     I To recite, narrate: q. v.: paṭhati (paṭh, c. 1.).
     II To practise beforehand: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.), Bharata will have it r. d by the nymphs: bharatastamapsarobhiḥ prayojayiṣyati, U. iv.

REIGN (v.):
     1 śāsti pra- (śās, c. 2.), Daśaratha r. ed at the head of the sages and r. ing (princes): daśarathaḥ praśaśāsa.. yamavatāmavatāñca dhuri sthitaḥ, R. ix. 1.;
     2 avati (av, c. l.: rare);
     3 rājyaṃ bhahīṃ, etc. śāsti, while a Paurava is r. ing: paurave vasumatīṃ śāsati, Sa. i.

REIGN (subs.):
     1 śāsanam;
     2 rājyaśāsanam and sim. comp.s.;
     3 by verb, during whose r.: yasmin mahīṃ śāsati, R. vi. 75.; when he was thus killed after a r. of twelve years: bhuktakṣitau dvādaśābdāṃstasmin vyāpādite tathā, Raj. iv. 686.

REIMBURSE: gen expr. by dadāti (, c. 3. = to pay: q. v.).

REIMBURSEMENT:
     1 pariśodhaḥ -nam;
     2 niryātanam (= repayment);
     3 kṣatipūraṇam (of any loss).

REIN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 abhīṣuḥ (śuḥ), hold, slacken the r. s: pragṛhyantāṃ mucyantām abhīṣavaḥ, Sa.;
     2 pragra (grā) haḥ, I am holding the r. s: dhṛtāḥ pragrahāḥ, Sa.;
     3 raśmiḥ from tightening of r. s: raśmisaṃyamanāt, Sa.;
     4 valgā, adept in the use of r. s: valgāvibhāgakuśalaḥ, Si. v. 60.; "utkṣiptā śithilā tathottaravatī mandā ca vaihāyasī vikṣiptaikakarārddhakandharasamotkīrṇā vibhaktā tathā | atyutkṣiptataloddhṭate khalu tathā vyāgūḍhagokarṇike vāhānāṅkathitāścaturdaśavidhā valgāprabhedā amī ||", M. n.
     II Fig. expr. by circumlo.: v. Government, power.

REIN (v.): saṃyacchati (yam, c. l.): v. To control, govern.

REINDEER: valgāhariṇaḥ (in Bengali) and sim. comp.s.

REINS (pl.): bukkau (m. dual): v. Kidney.

REINSTATE: pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To restore, place, again.

REINSTATEMENT:
     1 pratiṣṭhāpanam;
     2 by circumlo.

REINVIGORATE: pratyāśvāsayati (c. of śvas): v. To refresh.

REITERATE: samabhiharati (hṛ, c.1.): v. To repeat.

REITERATION: samabhihāraḥ: v. Repetition.

REJECT
     1 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.), she r. ed the gods: tayā lokapālāḥ pratyākhyātāḥ, Mah;
     2 pratyādiśati (diś, c. 6.), r. ed him without saying (a word): pratyādideśainamamāṣamāṇā, R. vi. 25.; pratyācaṣṭe (cakṣ, c. 2.), should not r. beds etc.: śayyādīni na pratyācakṣīta, K. b. on M. iv. 250.;
     4 nir-asyati apa-, (as, c. 4. = to discard), the lotus r. ed bees: padminī bhṛṅgaṃ nirāsa, B. ii. 6.: v. To dispel, throw away;
     5 avadhīrayati (= to disregard);
     6 nirākaroti (kṛ, c. 8. = with contumely).

REJECTION:
     1 pratyākhyānam;
     2 pratyādeśaḥ;
     3 nirākṛtiḥ (with contumely);
     4 by verb.

REJOICE (v. i.):
     1 hṛṣyati pra- sam-, (hṛṣ, c. 4.);
     2 modate pra-, (mud, c. 2.);
     3 prīyate (pass. of prī = to be pleased): v. To be delighted.

REJOICE (v. t.): harṣayati pra- saṃ-, (c. of hṛṣ): v. To delight, please.

REJOIN:
     I To come again: q. v.: punar eti (i, c. 2.): v. Also to join.
     II To answer, reply: q. v.: prativakti (vac, c. 2.).

REJOINDER: prativādaḥ: v. Reply.

RELAPSE (v.): to r. into fever: punarjvareṇābhibhūyate (pass. of bhū), ākramyate (pass of kram), etc.; to r. into vice: punarapanthānaṃ gacchati or utpathaṃ yāti etc.: v. Also to fall back.

RELAPSE (subs.):
     1 gen. by circumlo.;
     2 punaḥpatanaṃ or -pātaḥ (= falling again).

RELATE (v. i.):
     I To refer: q. v.:
     1 uddiśati sam-, (diś, c. 6.);
     2 saṃbadhyate (pass. of bandh);
     3 by a deriv. in īya (f. ), the story r. ing to the hawk and the dove: śyenakapotīyamupākhyānam, Mah. i. 2. 168.: v. About (III)
     II To stand in relation to: expr. by sanābhi (mfn. = r. d. by blood) or sambandhin (f. = r. d by marriage): v. Relative (I), Relation (IV).

RELATE (v. t.):
     1 ākhyāti samā- upā- abhi-, (khyā, c. 2.), please r. it to me: tanmamākhyātumarhasi, Mah. iii. 52. 59.;
     2 varṇayati upa- sam- anu-, (varṇ, c. 10. = to describe: q. v.);
     3 ā-caṣṭe sam-, (cakṣ, c. 2.), please r. this to (me) asking (about it): etadācakṣva pṛcchataḥ, Mah. iii. 99. 40.;
     4 vakti pra-, (vac, c. 2.), I will r. all this: etatsarvaṃ pravakṣyāmi, Mah. iii. 107. 46.: v. To say.;
     5 kathayati (kath, c. 10.).: v. To tell;
     6 śrāvayati anu-, (c. of śru = to cause to hear: with double acc.).

RELATER:
     1 ākhyāyaka (f. yikā);
     2 kathaka (f. kathikā);
     3 by verb.

RELATION:
     I Narration:
     1 ākhyānam sam-;
     2 varṇanam -nā upa-;
     3 śaṃsanam;
     4 by verb.
     II Narrative: q. v.: ākhyānam.
     III Reference: q. v.
     IV Connexion: q. v.:
     1 sambandhaḥ (= gen.: specially of r. by marriage), closely related Rākshasas: abhinnasambandhā rākṣasāḥ, Vi. iv.; it is said r. is formed by conversation: sambandhamābhāṣaṇapūrvamāhuḥ, R. ii. 58.;
     2 sapiṇḍatā or sāpiṇḍyam (of agnates): v. Relative (1);
     3 not expr., what r. do you bear to him: ko'sya bhavān.
     V Relative (I): q. v.

RELATIONSHIP:
     1 sambandhaḥ (gen. term);
     2 pratyāsannatā (= near r.), among these, first of all come one's own kinsmen on account of near r.: tatrāpi pratyasannatvāt prathamamātmabandhavaḥ, Mit.;
     3 vyavahitatā (= distant r.);
     4 sanābhitā (by blood);
     5 bandhutā (= through females): v. Relative (I).

RELATIVE:
     I Kinsman:
     1 sapiṇḍa (f. ṇḍā, agnates up to the seventh degree), near r. s inherit the property of a childless (man), in their absence distant r. s: aputradhanādhikāryāsannasapiṇḍastadabhāve vyavahitaḥ. Viv.;
     2 samānodaka (f. : 8th to 14th.), Mit.;
     3 sagotra (f. trā) or gotraja (f. = of the same gotra);
     4 bandhuḥ or bāndhavaḥ (through females);
     5 sanābhi (mfn.: by blood);
     6 jñātiḥ (= 5);
     7 sakulya (f. lyā = of the same class);
     8 sometimes not expr., in the absence of any r.: sarvāmāve, Mit.
     II Not absolute:
     1 sāpekṣa (f. kṣā);
     2 by circumlo. Ph.: r. knowledge: sāpekṣabuddhiḥ, Par. 107.
     III In gram.: *sambandhadyotaka (f. tikā) and sim. comp.s.

RELATIVELY: perh. tadapekṣayā or tadapekṣya: v. Also comparative (1).

RELAX:
     I Trans.: śithilayati (nomi.) or śithilīkaroti: v. To loosen, slacken, lighten.
     II Intrans.: śithilāyate (nomi.) or śithilībhavati ; v. Also to abate, decrease.

RELAXATION:
     I The act: śithilīkaraṇam.
     II The state: śaithilyam or śithilatā: v. Also abatement, decrease.
     III Diversion, amusement: q. v.: vinodaḥ.

RELAY (subs.):
     I Supply: q. v.
     II Of horses: expr. by circumlo., by r. s: *mārgasthāpitaiḥ prajavibhirhayaiḥ.

RELEASE (v.): muñcati (muc, c. 6 (= to free: q. v.) or mocayati (c. of muc = to cause to free), the captive women being r. d: vandistriyo mocitāḥ, Vi. vii. 5.; as I may be r. d from it (the debt): tasmānmucye yathā.., R. i. 72.

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RELEASE (subs.):
     1 muktiḥ vi-, obtaining r. from the king: īśvarānmuktimadhigamya, N. ii. 1.;
     2 mokṣaḥ -ṇam vi-: v. Liberation, discharge.

RELENT: r. and speak: jahihi kaṭhinatāṃ prayaccha vācam, Ki. x. 51.: v. Cruelty and abandon, soft and become.

RELENTLESS:
     1 kaṭhina (f. = hard);
     2 niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā): v. Merciless, unkind.

RELEVANCE, RELEVANCY:
     1 prāsaṅgikatā -tvam;
     2 samparkaḥ (= connexion: q. v.).

RELEVANT:
     1 prāsaṅgika (f. );
     2 prastunānuṣaṅgin (f. nīḥ ?);
     3 saṃpṛkta (f. ktā = connected).

RELIANCE: viśvāsaḥ: v. Faith, trust.

RELIC:
     1 śiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), ava- (= remaining);
     2 śava (mn. = corpse);
     3 śarīram (= body: q. v.), did not burn his r.s: na cakāra śarīramagnisāt, R. N. B. If a part of the body is referred to, expr. by it.

RELICT: vidhavā: v. Widow.

RELIEF:
     I The act:
     1 sāhāyyam (= assistance);
     2 uddhāraḥ (= saving, succour);
     3 parihāraḥ (= avoidance);
     4 pratikāraḥ (= remedy);
     5 upaśamaḥ (= alleviation).
     II The state:
     1 sukham (= ease, pleasure);
     2 śamaḥ (= peace, quiet).
     III In sculpture: *samāveśaḥ, high r.: *unnatasamāveśaḥ; base or low r.: *samasamāveśaḥ; middle r.: arddhonnatasamāveśaḥ.

RELIEVE:
     I In gen.:
     1 mokṣayati pari-, (mokṣa, c. 10. = to release, free: q. v.);
     2 śamayati pra-, (c. of śam = to alleviate, mitigate: q. v.);
     3 upakaroti (kṛ, c. 8. = to help, do good to: q. v.).
     II To r. guards etc.: perh. mokṣayati pari-.

RELIGION: dharmaḥ, devoid of all r.: sakaladharmabahiṣkṛta (f. ), San. vi.: v. Also piety, theology.

RELIGIOUS:
     I Pious: q. v.:
     1 dhārmika (f. );
     2 dharmiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā).
     II Relating to religion: dharma- in comp., r. rite: dharmakarman (n.).

RELIGIOUSLY:
     1 dharmaparatayā;
     2 better by adj. or circumlo.

RELIGIOUSNESS:
     1 dhārmikatā;
     2 dharmiṣṭhatā;
     3 dharmaśīlatā;
     4 dharmaparāyaṇatā; etc.

RELINQUISH: tyajati pari- sam-, (tyaj, c. l.) ; v. To leave, abandon.

RELIQUARY: śiṣṭādhāraḥ and sim. comp.s. (??).

RELISH (subs.):
     I Taste, flavour:
     1 rasaḥ;
     2 svādaḥ ā-.
     II Likeness, fondness: q. v.: ruciḥ abhi-.
     III Something eaten with food: ava- (upa-) daṃśaḥ, making two or three r. es: dvitrānupadaṃśānupapādya, D. vi.

RELISH (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 rasayati (ras, c. 10.), r. ing highly r. ing wine: vāruṇīmatirasāṃ rasayitvā, Ki. ix. 54.;
     2 svādayati (c. of svad), 55.
     II Fig.: rocate abhi-, (ruc, c. l.: with dat. of the English nomi.), the ladies did not r. garlands: na srajo rurucire ramaṇībhyaḥ. Ki. ix. 35.

RELISH (v. i.):
     1 svadate (svad, c. l.);
     2 (with subs.) rasaḥ.

RELUCTANCE(y):
     1 anicchā;
     2 anicchutā;
     3 vaimanasyam.

RELUCTANT:
     1 anicchu (mfn.), -ka (f. );
     2 vimanas (mfn.);
     3 virakta (f. ktā = averse);
     4 asantuṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = dissatisfied).

RELUCTANTLY:
     1 anicchayā;
     2 by adj.

RELY ON:
     1 viśvasiti (śvas, c. 2.: with loc.): v. To trust, believe;
     2 samāśrayati (śri, c. l.: with acc.): v. Recourse (have).

REMAIN:
     1 tiṣṭhati avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l.), will go wherever it likes or accustomed to this place will r. here: yāsyati yatrāsmai rociṣyate ihaiva vā samupajātaparicayaḥ sthāsyati, K.; the king r. ed there at night: rājā tatraiva rātrāvatiṣṭhat, Bha.; one Gangadatta alone r. ed: kevalameko gaṅgadattastiṣṭhati, P.; not a point of the earth r. ed pathless: nāsthādapanthā dharaṇeḥ kaṇo'pi, N. x. 2.;
     2 śiṣyate ava- (pass. of śiṣ) (= to be left as a remainder), (you) r. only in words: kathāsu śiṣyadhvam, M. i. 142.; when the fame (alone) of Vikramāditya r. s: gatavati kīrtiśeṣaṃ vikramāditye, Va.; the wives of the Vrishnis r. ing after abduction: kalatraṃ vṛṣṇīnāṃ hṛtaśeṣitam, Mah. xvi. 7. 68.

REMAINDER: expr. by adj. if this is deducted from three, the r. is: athaitairvivarjitānāṃ trayāṇāṃ śeṣam, Li. 8.; and who (spent) two-ninths of the r. at Kāsi: navalavayugalaṃ yo'vaśeṣācca kāśyām, Li. 25.: v. Also rest.

REMAINING (adj.):
     1 śeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ), the r. months: śeṣānmāsān, Me. ii. 25.;
     2 śiṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), ava-, with the r. arms: śiṣṭairdormiḥ, Vi. vi. 25.;
     3 śiṣyamāṇa (f. ṇā), ava-, (rare), An.

REMAINS: v. Remainder, relic, corpse, body.

REMAND:
     I To send back: q. v.: punaḥ prerayati (īr, c. 10.).
     II To adjourn: vyākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

REMARK (v.): lakṣayati (lakṣ, c. 10.): v. To observe, notice.

REMARK (subs.):
     1 anuśāsanam (?);
     2 uktiḥ (= saying);
     3 ṭīkā (= note).

REMARKABLE:
     1 apūrva (f. rvā): v. Singular, uncommon;
     2 vikhyāta (f. ): v. Illustrious, famous;
     3 adbhuta (f. ): v. Wonderful.

REMARKABLY:
     1 viśeṣeṇa (= particularly);
     2 sātiśayam: v. Exceedingly;
     3 by adj.

REMEDIABLE: prati () kārya (f. ryā): v. Curable, to remedy.

REMELT: punardravati (dru, c. l.: intrans.) or drāvayati (c. of dru: trans.): v. To melt.

REMEDIAL:
     1 by subs.;
     2 prati () kāraka (f. rikā): v. Also healing (adj.).

REMEDILESS: aprati () kārya (f. ryā): v. Irremediable, incurable.

REMEDY (v.):
     1 pratikaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), to r. diseases: pratīkārāya rogāṇām, Bha.;
     2 śamayati upa- pra-, (c. of śam = to quiet), the rage for relishing poisonous pleasure cannot be r. d: aśāmyo viṣayaviṣāsvādamohaḥ, K.: v. Also to cure, correct.

REMEDY (subs.):
     I Medicine: q. v.: auṣadham, poison is a r. for poison: viṣasya viṣamauṣadham, J. II. Cure, alleviation: q. v.:
     1 prati () kāraḥ, his disease has no r.: apratikāravikāro'yam, K.;
     2 pratikriyā.

REMEMBER:
     I To recollect: smarati saṃ- anu-, (smṛ, c. l.: with acc. or gen.), I do not r. having accepted this lady: na khalu svīkaraṇamatrabhavatyāḥ smarāmi, Sa. v.; r. ing the powers of the son of Indra: anusmṛtākhaṇḍalasūnuvikramaḥ, Ki. i. 24.: v. Also to think of.
     II To keep in mind:
     1 smarati, r. what you say: smarasi khalvetadātmano vacanam, V. i.;
     2 hṛdaye nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) and sim. expr. s, N. ii. 47.
     III To remind: q. v.

REMEMBRANCE:
     I In gen.: smaraṇam or smṛtiḥ saṃ- anu-, the favour of your r.: anugrahaṃ saṃsmaraṇapravṛttam, Ku. iii. 3.; dispelled by r.: smṛtibhinna-, Sa. vii. 22.
     II A memorial:
     1 smaraṇacihnam, and sim. comp. s;
     2 perh. simply smaraṇam or smṛtiḥ;
     3 by adv. smaraṇārtham.

REMEMBRANCER: smāraka (f. rikā). Ph.: legal r.: *smṛtiśāsakaḥ.

REMIND: smārayati saṃ- anu-, (c. of smṛ: with two acc.), these wild mountain sceneries r. me the Deccan mountains: etā araṇyagiribhūmayaḥ smārayanti [māṃ] dakṣiṇāraṇyabhūdharān, Ma. ix.; constantly r. ing the attendants of Śiva of the conflagration of Tripura: muhuranusmarayantaṃ.. tripuradāhamumāpatisevinaḥ, Ki. v. 14.

REMINISCENCE: smaraṇam: v. Remembrance, memory.

REMISS:
     1 anavahita (f. ): v. Careless, negligent;
     2 śithila (f. = lack).

REMISSION:
     I Abatement, cessation: q. v.: upaśamaḥ.
     II Release, discharge: q. v.: mokṣaḥ.
     III Pardon, forgiveness: q. v.: kṣamā.

REMISSLY:
     1 anavadhānena;
     2 by adj.: v. Carelessly, negligently.

REMISSNESS:
     1 anavadhānam;
     2 śaithilyam: v. Carelessness, negligence.

REMIT (v. t.):
     I To send: q. v.: prerayati (īr, c. 10.).
     II To forgive, pardon: q. v.: nirvartayati (c. of vṛt).
     III To relax, diminish: q. v.: śithilīkaroti.
     IV To give up, surrender: q. v.: arpayati sam-, (c. of ).

REMIT (v. i.): śithilībhavati: v. To relax, diminish, abate.

REMITTANCE:
     I The act: preraṇam: v. To send.
     II The thing remitted: expr. by prerita or preṣita (f. ).

REMITTANT: visargin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp. s,: v. Intermittent.

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REMNANT: śeṣa (f. ṣā): v. Remaining, remainder.

REMONSTRANCE:
     1 prativādaḥ;
     2 viruddhavākyam; and sim. expr. s.

REMONSTRATE:
     1 prativādaṃ karoti;
     2 viruddhavākyaṃ vadati (vad, c. l.); etc.

REMORSE:
     1 anutāpaḥ;
     2 anuśayaḥ;
     3 anuśokaḥ.

REMORSEFUL:
     1 anutapta (f. ptā);
     2 anutāpayuta (f. );
     3 anuśayin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

REMORSELESS:
     1 kaṭhina (f. ): v. Hard;
     2 nirdaya (f. ): v. Merciless.

REMOTE:
     1 dūrastha (f. sthā): v. Far;
     2 anāsanna (f. nnā);
     3 viprakṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), r. cause: viprakṛṣṭaṃ nidānam, Bha.; still the time for awaking is very r.: adyāpi viprakṛṣṭatamaḥ prabodhakālaḥ, Vi. vi. and sim. comp.s.: v. Near, not.

REMOTELY: expr. by adj.

REMOTENESS:
     1 dūratā -tvam;
     2 viprakarṣaḥ.

REMOVABLE:
     1 apasārya (f. ryā);
     2 apaneya (f. );
     3 bahiṣkārya (f. ryā);
     4 nirasanīya (f. ); etc.: v. Remove, removal.

REMOVAL (subs.):
     I Personal:
     1 sthānāntaragamanam;
     2 apasaraṇam;
     3 often by gamanam etc. (= going).
     II Of things etc.:
     1 sthānāntaranayanam;
     2 apasāraṇam.
     III Driving away:
     1 dūrīkaraṇam;
     2 apanayaḥ -nam (= taking away);
     3 nirāsaḥ or nirasanam (casting away);
     4 nirākaraṇam or -kṛtiḥ (= expulsion);
     5 nirvāsanam (= banishment).

REMOVE (subs.):
     I Removal: q. v.
     II A step.: q. v.: bhaṅgiḥ.

REMOVE (v. t.):
     I To move, change place:
     1 sthānāntaraṃ nayati (, c. l.);
     2 apasārayati (c. of sṛ).
     II To drive away, banish: q. v.: dūrīkaroti: v. Also to dismiss (II).
     III To take away, destroy: q. v.:
     1 apanayati (, c. l.);
     2 harati apa- (hṛ, c. l.), to r. thirst; tṛṣṇāṃ harati, Bha.;
     3 nudati pra- (nud, c. l.), r. s phlegms: kaphanut (mfn.);
     4 hanti apa- (han, c. 2. = kill), r. s phlegms: kaphāpaha (f. ), Bha.;
     5 vināśayati (c. of naś = destroy), r. s cold: pratiśyāyaṃ vināśayati, Bha.;
     6 chinatti ut (chid, c. 7. = cut off), r. d the doubt: vitarkaṃ ciccheda, M. n. on, Ki. iv. 5.

REMOVE (v. i.):
     1 sthānāntaraṃ gacchati (gam, c. l.), yāti (, c. 2.), etc.;
     2 apasarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To go away.

REMUNERATE: mūlyaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To recompense.

REMUNERATION: mūlyam: v. Also reward, pay.

RECOUNTER: saṃmardaḥ: v. Encounter, battle.

REND: dārayati (rarely dṛṇāti), vi- pari- ava-, rent the mountain: dadārādrim, Mah.; the thunderbolt rent that hole: vajraṃ tadvilamadārat, Mah. i. 3. 163.

RENDER:
     I In gen.: karoti, to r. clear: viśadīkaroti, M. n.; to r. into Persian: pārasīkabhāṣāyāṃ karoti, Raj.: v. To make, do.
     II To give back: pratidadāti (, c. 3.): v. To give, return.

RENDERING (subs.): i. e. translation: q. v.: expr. by verb.

RENDEZVOUS: samāgama- or saṅgamasthānam and sim. comp.s.

RENDING (subs.): dāraḥ -ṇam vi- ava-.

RENEGADE:
     I Apostate: q. v.
     II A term of abuse: pāṣaṇḍaḥ.

RENEW:
     I To make again: punaḥ karoti or punaḥ and the corresponding verb, r. a fight: punaryuddhaṃ karoti or yudhyate; r. studies: punaradhyanaṃ karoti or adhīte; r. an application: punaḥ prārthanāṃ karoti or prārthayate, etc.
     II To make new: navīkaroti.

RENEWABLE, RENEWAL: expr. by verb.

RENOUNCE:
     I Not to own:
     1 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.);
     2 na svīkaroti aṅgīkaroti, etc.
     II To forsake, abandon: q. v.: tyajati pari- saṃ- (tyaj, c. 1.).

RENOVATE: navīkaroti: v. To renew, refresh.

RENOVATION:
     I The act: navīkaraṇam.
     II The state:
     1 navībhāvaḥ (of things);
     2 pratyāśvāsaḥ (of persons).

RENOWN:
     1 kīrtiḥ, of world-wide r.: viśvavikhyātakīrtiḥ, D. s.;
     2 khyāti pra-;
     3 yaśasa (n.): v. Fame.

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RENOWNED:
     1 khyāta (f. ), vi- pra-;
     2 viśruta (f. );
     3 prathita (f. );
     4 prasiddha (f. ddhā);
     5 kīrtimat (f. ); yaśasvin (f. ); etc. (possessing renown).

RENT (subs.):
     I Of lands: karaḥ.
     II Cleft, fissure: q. v.: chidram.

RENT (v.):
     I To grant by lease: bhāṭakena dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To take by lease:
     1 bhāṭakena gṛhṇāti (graha, c. 9.);
     2 bhāṭayati, Viv.

RENTAL, RENT-ROLL: *karapatrikā and sim. comp.s.

RENTER: expr. by verb: v. To rent.

RENUNCIATION:
     I Not owning:
     1 pratyākhyānam;
     2 nirākṛtiḥ (= rejection);
     II Abandonment: q. v.: parityāgaḥ, r. of sītā: sītāparityāgaḥ.

REPAIR (v. t.):
     I To restore:
     1 navīkaroti, r. ed the town: puraṃ navīcakāra;
     2 pūrayati pari-, (pūr, c. 10.: by filling up what is incomplete);
     3 saṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.: by embellishing);
     4 pratisaṃskaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     II To make amends for: pūrayati pari-.

REPAIR (v. i.):
     1 gacchati (gam, c. l.): v. To go;
     2 samāśrayati (śri, c. l.): v. To betake, (have) recourse.

REPAIR (subs.): saṃskāraḥ or prati-: v. To repair (v. t.).

REPAIRER: expr. by verb: v. To repair.

REPARABLE
     1 pūraṇīya (f. ), pari-;
     2 pratisamādheya (f. ).

REPARATION:
     1 pūraṇam pari-: v. Compensation, redress.

REPARTEE:
     1 vyaṅgyoktiḥ (?);
     2 kṣiprottaram (= quick reply: q. v.).

REPAST:
     1 āhāraḥ: v. Meal;
     2 bhojanam: v. Food.

REPAY:
     1 niryātayati (yat, c. 10.: lit. and fig., in good and bad sense);
     2 pratidadāti (, c. 3. = to give back, return).

REPAYMENT:
     1 niryātanam;
     2 pratidānam or pratyarpaṇam (= giving back).

REPEAL:
     I Verb, to annul:
     1 lumpati vi- ava- (lup, c. 6.: ?);
     2 khaṇḍayati pari- (khaṇḍa, c. 10.: ?).
     II Subs., abrogation:
     1 lopaḥ vi- ava- (?);
     2 khaṇḍanam -nā pari- (?).

REPEAT:
     I To utter again:
     1 punar udīrayati (īr, c. 10.);
     2 bhūyo gadati ni-, (gad, c. 1.);
     3 dviḥ (= twice) vyāharati (hṛ c. l.), as if r. ed the same thing with an echo: dviriva pratiśabdena vyājahāra tamevārtham, Ku. vi. 64; etc.: v. To utter, say, again.
     II To do again:
     1 punaḥ or bhūyaḥ karoti or by corresponding verb;
     2 samabhi- or samabhivyā-harati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     III To recite, read: q. v.: vyāharati.

REPEATEDLY
     1 vāraṃ vāram;
     2 bhūyobhūyaḥ;
     3 punaḥpunaḥ;
     4 muhuḥ;
     5 muhurmuhuḥ;
     6 abhīkṣṇam;
     7 by frequentative verbs (rare).

REPEATER:
     I Reciter: vyāhartṛ (f. rtrī).
     II A watch: *horāvādaḥ.

REPEL: nirasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To drive away, dispel.

REPELLENT (adj.):
     1 krūra (f. = fierce: as of looks);
     2 pramāthin (f. : as a r. medicine).

REPENT:
     1 anu-tapyate anusaṃ- paścāt-, (pass. of tap), afterwards r.: paścādanutapyante, V. iii. 3.;
     2 by subs., "sañjātapaścāttāpātrabhavatī", V. iii.;
     3 anuśete (śī, c. 2.: rare);
     4 anuśocati (śuc, c. l. = to r. for, lament: q. v.).

REPENTANCE:
     1 paścāttāpaḥ or anutāpaḥ "paścāttāpasadṛśaveṣaḥ, Sa. vi.;
     2 anuśayaḥ "anuśayādanurodimi cotsukaḥ", Sa. vi. 8.

REPENTANT:
     1 sānutāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 paścāttāpayutaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 sañjātānuśayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 anutāpin (f. ); etc.

REPENTANTLY:
     1 sānutāpam;
     2 sānuśayam;
     3 by adj.

REPERCUSSION: pratidhātaḥ: v. Reverberation.

REPERTORY: koṣaḥ: v. Treasury, receptacle.

REPETITION:
     I Reiteration:
     1 punaruktiḥ;
     2 dviruktiḥ;
     3 by verb: v. To repeat (1).
     II Of acts;
     1 samabhihāraḥ;
     2 samabhivyāhāraḥ, S. k.
     III Recital, rehearsal: q. v.: vyāhāraḥ.

REPINE: paritapyate (pass. of tap): v. To grieve.

REPINING (subs.): paritāpaḥ: v. Grief, lamentation.

REPLACE:
     I Lit.: pratiṣṭhāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To put again.
     II To supply the place of: pūrayati pari- saṃ-, (pūr, c. 10.).

REPLANT: pratiropayati (c. of ruh): v. To plant again.

REPLENISH: saṃpūrayati (pūr, c. 10.): v. To complete, finish.

REPLETE: pūrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Full.

REPLETION: pūrṇatā: v. Fullness, satiety.

REPLY (subs.):
     1 uttaram, should give a true r.: yathārthamuttaraṃ dadyāt, Mit.; r. is of four kinds: uttaraṃ syāccaturvidham, Kat.;
     2 prativākyam and sim. comp. s (to questions), that I return no r. even to you: yena bhavato'pi nāsti prativacanam, V. ii.; gave no r.: prativācamadatta na, Si. xvi. 21;
     3 pratyuttaram (prop. to a r.), M. n. Ph.: to leave no ground for r. (i. e. to shut the mouth): niruttarīkaroti.

REPLY (v.): uttaraṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To answer.

REPORT (v. t.):
     I To inform, relate: q. v.: āvedayati (c. of vid).
     II To make a r.: to r. about an abortion: bhrūṇahatyāvṛttāntam āvedayati or prerayati (īr, c. 10 = to send).

REPORT (subs.):
     I Information, relation: q. v.:
     1 āvedanam;
     2 vijñaptiḥ.
     II That which is reported:
     1 vṛttāntaḥ (= news, facts);
     2 not expr., your majesty will be pleased to read the r.: taddevaḥ patrāropitaṃ pratyakṣīkarotu, Sa. vi.
     III Rumour: q. v.: vārttā. Ph.: of good r.: puṇyayaśas (mfn.): v. Fame.
     IV Sound, noise: q. v.: dhvaniḥ.

REPOSE (subs.): viśrāmaḥ: v. Rest (1).

REPOSE (v. i.):
     I To rest: q. v.: viśrāmyati (c. 4.).
     II To lie: q. v.: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     III To rest in confidence: vyavatiṣṭhate.

REPOSE (v. t.):
     I To lay at rest: viśrāmayati (c. of śram).
     II To entrust: q. v.: nikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

REPOSITORY:
     1 nidhiḥ, r. of knowledge: jñānanidhiḥ: v. Abode;
     2 koṣaḥ (= treasury: q.v.):
     3 āgāram (= house);
     4 āśrayaḥ (= refuge).

REPREHEND: upālabhate (labh, c. l.): v. To censure, blame.

REPREHENSIBLE: upālabhya (f. bhyā): v. Blameable, culpable.

REPREHENSION: upālambhaḥ: v. Censure, blame.

REPRESENT:
     I To portray, delineate: q. v.: varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.).
     II To describe: q. v.: varṇayati.
     III To inform: q. v.: ā-vedayati ni-, (c. of vid).
     IV To stand in the place of: bhūmau tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), vartate (vṛt, c. l.), etc.
     V To personate: bhūmikāyāṃ tiṣṭhati, etc., Urvasī r. ing Lakshmī: lakṣmībhūmikāyāṃ vartamānorvaśī, V. iii.

REPRESENTATION:
     I Delineation, description: q. v.: varṇanā.
     II Information, respectful statement:
     1 āvedanam;
     2 nivedanam.
     III Image, likeness:
     1 pratikṛtiḥ;
     2 pratirūpam.
     IV Theatrical: abhinayaḥ.

REPRESENTATIVE:
     I Subs.: pratibhūḥ: v. Substitute, agent.
     II Adj.: expr. by verb or deriv., r. of the people: prajāsthānīya (f. ).

REPRESS: niyacchati (yam, c. l.): v. To restrain, check.

REPRESSION: niyantraṇā: v. Restraint.

REPRIEVE (subs.):
     I Lit.: daṇḍavyākṣepaḥ and sim. comp. s (??).
     II Respite: viśrāmaḥ.
     III Reproof: bhartsanā.

REPRIEVE (v.): expr. with vyākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.) or by subs.

REPRIMAND (v.): bhartsayati: To reprove, censure.

REPRIMAND (subs.): bhartsanā: v. Reproof, censure.

REPRINT:
     I Verb: punamudrayati (?).
     II Subs.: expr. with punarmudritaḥ (tā taṃ).

REPRISAL: pratyapahāraḥ and sim. expr. s (??).

REPROACH (v.):
     1 garhayati vi- pari-, (garh, c. 10.); I r. ed the garland: tāmekāvalīmagarhayam, K.;
     2 upālabhate (labh, c. l.), (that you may) not be reviled by elders, r. ed by your friends: na dhik kriyase gurubhiḥ nopālabhyase suhṛdbhiḥ, K.;
     3 ākrośati (kruś, c. l. = to cry against), surely the birds r. ed him with (their) cries: khagāstamācukruśurāravaiḥ khalu, N. i. 128.: v. censure.

REPROACH:
     I Censure, reviling:
     1 upālabhmaḥ;
     2 tiraskāraḥ;
     3 adhikṣepaḥ;
     4 dhikkāraḥ;
     5 garhaṇam -ṇā.
     II A disgrace: kalaṅkaḥ: v. Also scandal.

REPROACHFUL:
     I Opprobrious:
     1 by comp., r. speech: ākṣepavacaḥ, Ki. xiv. 25.; tiraskāravacanam, M. n.;
     2 adhikṣepaka (f. pikā) and sim. deriv. (rare).
     II Shameful, vile: q. v.: garhita (f. ).

REPROACHFULLY:
     I Opprobriously:
     1 sādhikṣepam;
     2 sopālambham;
     3 by verb.
     II Shamefully:
     1 garhitam;
     2 better by adj.

REPROBATE (adj.):
     I Of men:
     1 khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā);
     2 durācāra (f. );
     3 asādhu (f. also dhvī);
     4 pāpātman (mfn.); etc.
     II Of acts etc.:
     1 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Vicious;
     2 aśuddha (f. ddhā = impure).

REPROBATE (v.): nirākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To condemn, reject.

REPROBATION: nirākṛtiḥ or -kriyā: v. Condemnation, censure, rejection.

REPRODUCE:
     1 pratyutpādayati (c. of pad);
     2 punar janayati (c. of jan); etc.

REPRODUCTION:
     1 pratyutpattiḥ;
     2 punarmilanam; etc.

REPRODUCTIVE: v. Generative, productive.

REPROOF:
     1 bhartsanā;
     2 dhikkāraḥ: v. Censure, reproach.

REPROVE:
     1 bhartsayati -te nir- sam- (bharts, c. 10.);
     2 upālabhate sam-, (labh, c. l.): v. To censure, reproach.

REPROVER: expr. by verb: v. Censurer.

REPTILE:
     1 sarpajātiḥ;
     2 sarīsṛpaḥ: v. Also snake.

REPUBLIC: *prajātantram; prajārājyam (comp. L. iii. "teṣāṃ...noccamadhyavṛddhajyeṣṭhānupālitā | ekaika eva manyate'haṃ rājāhaṃ rājeti").

REPUBLICAN:
     I Belonging to a republic: expr. by comp.
     II = subs., of men: *prājātantra (f. ntrī); prajātantrānuga (f. ); etc.

REPUBLICANISM: prajātantrānurāgaḥ and sim. comp.s.

REPUBLICATION: perh. punaḥprakāśaḥ and sim. comp.s.

REPUDIATE: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To reject.

REPUDIATION: pratyākhyānam: v. Rejection.

REPUGNANCE (v.):
     1 virāgaḥ: v. Aversion;
     2 dveṣaḥ: v. Hatred.

REPUGNANT:
     1 viruddha (f. ddhā = opposed to, contrary);
     2 pratīpa (f. = disagreeable, perverse).

REPUGNANTLY:
     1 virakta (f. ktā = with aversion);
     2 pratīpam (= with opposition, perversely).

REPULSE:
     I Verb: nirākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.): v. To drive away.
     II Subs.: nirākṛtiḥ or nirākriyā: v. Rejection.

REPULSION: nirākaraṇam: v. Repulse, rejection.

REPULSIVE: Fig.:
     1 krūra (f. = fierce);
     2 apriya (f. = unpleasant);
     3 dviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = hated).

REPUTABLE: mānya (f. nyā): v. Respectable.

REPUTABLY:
     1 by circumlo.;
     2 suṣṭhu (= well).

REPUTATION, REPUTE (subs.):
     I Fame, renown: q. v.: kīrtiḥ.
     II Estimation, regard: of bad r.: duṣkīrtimat (f. ); better by verb.

REPUTE (v.): manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To regard, consider.

REQUEST (v.): prārthayate (arth, c. 10.): v. To ask (II), beg, entreat.

REQUEST (subs.):
     1 prārthanā or abhyarthanā, r. s to stronger (men) end in evils: prārthanādhikabale vipatphalā, Ki. xiii. 61.;
     2 yācñā, it is better that a r. to a good man is unsuccessful: yācñā moghā varamadhiguṇe, Me. i. 6.;
     3 yācitam pra- (rare).

REQUIRE:
     I To ask, demand: q. v.: prārthayate.
     II To need, call for: apekṣate (īkṣ, c. l.), r. s you as the best cause: apekṣate pratyayamunttamaṃ tvām, Ku. iii. 18.

REQUIREMENT: expr. by verb, all her r. s were supplied: yadeva vavre tadapaśyadāhṛtam, R. iii. 6.: v. Requisition.

REQUISITE:
     1 āvaśyakīya (f. = necessary: q. v.);
     2 by verb: v. To require (II).

REQUISITION:
     1 anuyogaḥ (= demand);
     2 prārthanā (= request). Ph.: to be in r.: apekṣate: v. To require.

REQUITAL:
     I Retaliation, punishment:
     1 prati () kāraḥ;
     2 pratikriyā.
     II Reward, compensation: q. v.

REQUITE:
     I To retaliate, punish: q. v.: pratikaroti.
     II To reward, repay: niryātayati (c. of yat).

RESCIND: khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.): v. To repeal, cancel.

RESCRIPT: śāsanam: v. Edict, command.

RESCUE (v.): mocayati or mokṣayati pari- vi- nir- (muc and mokṣ, c. 10.), was r. d by you: tvayā mocitaḥ, Mr. x.: v. Also to save.

RESCUE (subs.):
     1 muktiḥ or mokṣaḥ pari- vi-;
     2 uddhāraḥ sam-: v. Also release, deliverance.

RESEARCH (subs.):
     1 gaveṣaṇam -ṇā;
     2 gaveṣitam: v. Also search.

RESEMBLANCE:
     1 sādṛśyam, r. between them and Rāma: rāmasya tayośca sādṛśyam, R. xv. 67.; so close r. that it cannot be ascertained: īdṛśaṃ sausādṛśyaṃ yena na jñāyate, Na. ii.;
     2 sārūpyam or sarūpatā, your excellences bear our r.: guṇāstvadīyā naḥ sarūpatāṃ majante, Ki. iii. 42.;
     3 sādharmyam or sadharmatā (in qualities), (the only) r. in imitating me is (your) great enmity: sādharmyaṃ madanukṛteḥ pradhānavairam, Mu. iii. 12.

RESEMBLE: expr. by adj. or subs.: v. Like.

RESEMBLING: sadṛśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Like.

RESENT: kupyati (kup, c. 4.): v. (To be) angry, indignant.

RESENTFUL: krodhaśīla (f. ) and sim. comp. s: v. Angry, irritable.

RESENTMENT: manyuḥ: v. Anger.

RESERVATION:
     I Keeping back, concealing:
     1 saṃvṛtiḥ;
     2 saṃvaraṇam.
     II Exception, restriction: q. v.

RESERVE (v.):
     I To keep, retain: q. v.: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).
     II To except: q. v.: varjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).

RESERVE (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 saṃvṛtiḥ, r. only disclose one's affections: kathayati saṃvṛtireva kāmitāni, Ki. x. 44.; r. d mind: saṃvṛtimanmanaḥ, Si. xv. 11.;
     2 saṃvaraṇam, it is (his) r.: saṃvaraṇaṃ hi tat, Mal. i. Ph.: without r.: vivṛtam;
     3 saṃkocaḥ, M. n. on Si. vi. 74;
     4 āśaṅkā (= apprehension), without r.: samuddhṭatāśaṅkam, Si.: v. Also openly.
     II Of troops: pari (prati) grahaḥ.

RESERVED (adj.): In disposition: saṃvṛtimat (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

RESERVOIR:
     1 jalāśayaḥ;
     2 taḍāgaḥ: v. Tank.

RESIDE: vasati (vas, c. l.): v. To dwell, remain.

RESIDENCE:
     I The act:
     1 vāsaḥ ni-;
     2 sthitiḥ (= stay). Ph.: r. abroad: pravāsaḥ.
     II The place.:
     1 vāsaḥ ni-;
     2 vasatiḥ;
     3 vāsabhūmiḥ and sim. comp.s.

RESIDENT:
     1 by deriv., r. of this, that place: ihatya tatratya (f. tyā);
     2 nivāsin (f. ): v. Inhabitant.

RESIDUARY: avaśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Remaining.

RESIDUE: śeṣaḥ: v. Remainder.

RESIGN:
     I To give up, surrender: arpayati sam-, (c. of ).
     II To relinquish, abandon: q. v.: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.).

RESIGNATION:
     I Relinquishment, abandonment: q. v.: tyāgaḥ pari-.
     II Giving up, yielding: (ātma-) arpaṇam sam-: v. Also submission.

RESIN:
     1 arālaḥ or rālaḥ;
     2 dhūnakaḥ;
     3 sarjarasaḥ.

RESINOUS: expr. by comp. or deriv.

RESIST:
     1 pratikūlayati (nomi.): v. To oppose;
     2 bādhate pra., (bādh, c. l.): v. To obstruct;
     3 nivārayati vi-, (c. of vṛ): v. To hinder;
     4 pratyavatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. l.): v. To withstand.

RESISTANCE:
     1 pratirodhaḥ (= opposition);
     2 pratighātaḥ (= striking against, as of forces);
     3 nivāraṇam (= hindrance);
     4 pratyavasthānam or -sthitiḥ (rare).

RESISTLESS:
     1 anivārya (f. ryā);
     2 durnivāra (f. ), Si. xiv. 72.

RESISTLESSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

RESOLUTE:
     1 sthiraniścaya (f. ), a r. mind: sthiraniścayaṃ manaḥ, Ku. v. 5.;
     2 sthiramati (mfn.);
     3 dṛḍhasaṃkalpa (f. lpā); and sim. comp.s.

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RESOLUTELY:
     1 expr. by adj.;
     2 dṛḍham (= firmly);
     3 sāgraham (= obstinately).

RESOLUTION:
     I Dissolution, analysis: viśleṣaṇam (?).
     II Solution, explanation: q. v.
     III Firmness, constancy: q. v.: sthairyam.
     IV Determination, resolve:
     1 niścayaḥ, it is my firm r.: eṣa me sthiro niścayaḥ, Mu. i.;
     2 sargaḥ (rare), take up arms if this is your r.: gṛhāṇa śastraṃ yadi sarga eṣa te, R. iii. 51.:
     V Decision: nirṇayaḥ.

RESOLVABLE: viśleṣaṇīyaḥ (yā yaṃ) (?): v. To resolve.

RESOLVE (subs.): v. Resolution.

RESOLVE (v. t.):
     I To dissolve, analyze: no prop. equiv.:
     1 viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ ?);
     2 vidrāvayati (c. of dru = to melt: q. v.).
     II To solve, expalain: q. v.: vyākaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     III In music: perh. bhinnī- or bhinnakīkaroti, Si. xi. 1.

RESOLVE (v. i.):
     I To determine: q. v.: niścayaṃ karoti.
     II To pass a resolution: perh. vyavasyati (so, c. 4.).

RESONANT:
     1 mukharita (f. ), the quarters r. with bees: alimālāmukharitakakubhaḥ, Ma. i. 1.;
     2 pratidhvanita (f. );
     3 prati- or anu- nādin (f. ): v. To echo, sound.

RESORT (v.): sevate upa- pari- saṃ- ni-, (sev, c. 1.), sometimes r. ed to drink: kadācit pānamasevata, R.; the forest r. ed to by barbarians and robbers: vanaṃ mlecchataskarasevitam: v. To (have) recourse, frequent.

RESORT (subs.):
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 śaraṇam (= refuge).

RESOUND (v. i.):
     1 prati-nadati (nad, c. 1.): v. To echo;
     2 dhvanati (dhvan. c. 1.): v. To sound. Ph.: r. ing (adj.): v. Resonant.

RESOURCE:
     I Means, remedy: q. v.: upāyaḥ.
     II In pl., fortune, affluence: q. v.: vibhavaḥ.

RESPECT:
     I To honour: q. v.:
     1 saṃmānayati (c. of man);
     2 gauraveṇa paśyati (dṛś, c. 1. = look upon with r.), he was highly r. ed: gauraveṇa dadṛśetarāmasau, Si. xiv. 42.
     II To regard, relate; q. v.

RESPECT (subs.):
     I Reference: Ph.: with r. to: v. R. ing.
     II Honour, regard:
     1 sammānaḥ (= honour);
     2 ādaraḥ (= attention, consideration;
     3 gauravam (= reverence);
     4 pūjā or arcanā (= adoration).

RESPECTABILITY:
     1 mānanīyatā;
     2 pūjanīyatā;
     3 pūjārhatā; etc.

RESPECTABLE:
     I Honourable:
     1 mānanīya (f. );
     2 mānya (f. nyā);
     3 pūjanīya (f. );
     4 pūjya (f. jyā);
     5 arcanīya (f. ).
     II Moderate: q. v.

RESPECTABLY: r. dressed: āryaveṣa (f. ṣā); r. connected: pūjyasambandha (f. ndhā); etc.

RESPECTFUL:
     1 vinīta (f. );
     2 sādara (f. );
     3 sagaurava (f. ).

RESPECTFULLY:
     1 savinayam;
     2 sagauravam, B. xii. 8.

RESPECTING: uddiśya, r. the regent of the quarter: dikpatimuddiśya, N. xiii. 15.: v. About (III).

RESPECTIVE:
     I Each to each: expr. by doubling words meaning own, let the employees also attend to their r. works: sve sve karmaṇyatha samavadhattāpyadhikṛtāḥ, Vi. vii. 37.
     II Relative: q. v.
     III Careful: q. v.

RESPECTIVELY:
     I As relating to each: expr. as above.
     II According to position:
     1 paurvāparyeṇa;
     2 by circumlo.

RESPIRATION:
     I In gen.:
     1 śvāsaḥ;
     2 śvāsapraśvāsaḥ.
     II Resurrection: ujjīvanam prati-.

RESPIRE:
     I To breathe: q. v.: śvasiti (śvas, c. 2.).
     II To inhale: q. v.: ācāmati (cam, c. 1).

RESPIRATORY: śvāsa- in comp. (?) or by circumlo.

RESPITE:
     I Subs.:
     1 vilambaḥ (= delay: q. v.);
     2 virāmaḥ (= pause: q. v.).
     II Verb.:
     1 avakāśaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.);
     2 by circumlo.

RESPLENDENCE: aujjvalyam: v. Brilliancy, brightness.

RESPLENDENT: samujjvalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Brilliant, splendid.

RESPLENDENTLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

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RESPOND:
     I To answer, reply: q. v.: prativācaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II To suit.: q. v.
     III To pay: q. v.

RESPONDENT:
     I One who answers: prativaktṭa (f. ktrī).
     II In law: prativādin (f. ).

RESPONSE:
     I An answer:
     1 pratyuktiḥ;
     2 prativādaḥ (in disputation):
     II Of an oracle: samādeśaḥ.
     III An anthem; sūktam (?).

RESPONSIBILITY:
     1 bhāraḥ or bharaḥ (= burden), to throw r.: bharaṃ nasyati, Ra.;
     2 dāyaḥ (used in Bengali): v. Also obligation.

RESPONSIBLE:
     I Accountable: dāyin (f. ) (used in Bengali) or by circumlo.
     II Substantial, able to pay: samarthaḥ (rthā rthaṃ).

RESPONSIVE:
     I Able or ready to respond: expr. by verb.
     II Corresponding: saṃvādin (f. ).

RESPONSIVELY: expr. by circumlo.

REST (subs.):
     I Repose:
     1 viśrāmaḥ, and let this bow get r.: viśrāmaṃ labhatāmidaṃ ca dhanuḥ, Sa. ii. 6.;
     2 viśrāntiḥ (rare), your majesty also gets r. in the sixth portion of the day: ṣaṣṭhe kāle tvamapi labhase deva viśrāntimahnaḥ, Vi. ii. 1.;
     3 viśramaḥ (rare). "paścātputrairupahitabharaḥ kalpate viśramāya",
     V iii. 1.
     II In music: yatiḥ.
     III Support, prop.: avalambaḥ -nam.
     IV Remainder:
     1 avaśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Remaining, remainder;
     2 anye (= others: in contrasting two).

REST (v. i.):
     I To repose:
     1 viśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.), r. one day, return next morning: ekamaho viśramya śvobhūte pratyāgamiṣyasi, K.; r. ed in the cool shade of rose-apple tree: jambūvṛkṣasya śītalacchāyāyāṃ viśaśrāma, Va.;
     2 viśrāmaṃ karoti.
     II To lean:
     1 ava-lambate samā- (lamb, c. 1.: with acc.);
     2 ā-śrayati -te upā- samā- sam, (śri, c. 1.), the arm of Rāma on which no other (woman) r. ed: rāmabāhuranupāśrino'nyayā, U. i. 37.
     III To stand, lie: q. v.: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).
     IV With on or with = depend on: q. v.:
     V To rely: q. v.

REST (v. t.):
     I To cause to repose: viśrāmayati (c. of śram), r. the yoked (horses): dhūryānviśrāmaya, R. i. 54.
     II To place: q. v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).

RESTING-PLACE: viśrāmasthānam and sim. comp. s

RESTITUTION:
     1 punaravāptiḥ and sim. comp.s. (= getting back);
     2 uddhāraḥ sam- (= deliverance, release).

RESTIVE:
     1 duśceṣṭita (f. : as a r. horse), M. n. on Si. v. 11.;
     2 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = vicious: q. v.);
     3 unmārgaprasthita (f. = going astray), M. n.

RESTIVENESS:
     1 duśceṣṭitatā;
     2 duṣṭatā;
     3 better by adj.

RESTLESS:
     I Unquiet, uneasy:
     1 vyākula (f. = agitated);
     2 cañcala (f. = moving about);
     3 vihvala (f. = distressed), my mind is r.: mano me vihvalati, Gi.
     II Affording no rest: expr. by circumlo., passed a r. night: utsannanidrāṃ kṣapāṃ kṣapitavatī, K.

RESTLESSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

RESTLESSNESS:
     1 vyākulatā;
     2 cañcalatā;
     3 vihvalatā;
     4 apraśāntiḥ (= want of quiet): v. Restless.

RESTORATION:
     I In gen.: expr. by verbs given under restore or cor. subs.
     II Recovery: q. v.: samutthānam.
     III In English history: *pratiṣṭhāpanam.

RESTORATIVE:
     1 balya (f. lyā), Sr.;
     2 balavardhana (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

RESTORE:
     1 often expr. by punarlabhate (labh, c. 1.), avāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), etc. (= to get back = be r. d), and Puru was r. d to his former youth: yauvanaṃ pratipede ca puruḥ svaṃ punarātmanaḥ, Mah. i. 83. 18.; let the king be r. d to his sight and strength: sa labdhacakṣurbalavān bhavennṭapaḥ, Mah. iii. 297. 27.; r. d to life (lit. form): pratipannamūrti (mfn.), Ku. vii. 92.;
     2 pratidadāti or punar dadāti (, c. 3.) and sim. comp.s. (= to give back);
     3 navīkaroti (= repair: q. v.),
     4 pratyānayati (, c. 1. = to bring back: q. v.);
     5 uddharati (hṛ, c. 1. = to save, free: q. v.).

RESTORER:
     1 pratipādaka (f. dikā);
     2 pratidātṛ (f. trī); etc.

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RESTRAIN:
     1 nigṛhṇāti vi- saṃ-, (grah, c. 9.), r. ing anger by patience: kopaṃ kṣamayā nigṛhṇan, B. xii. 81.;
     2 yantrayati ni- vini- saṃ-, (yantr, c. 10.), I have r. ed my tongue so much: evaṃ mayā jihvā saṃyantritā, V. ii.;
     3 yacchati ni- saṃ- vini(yam, c. l.), come and r. my horses: ehi me tvaṃ hayān yaccha, Mah. iv. 38. 48.;
     4 ruṇaddhi ni- saṃ- ava-, (rudh, c. 7. = to stop, oppose), whose motion cannot be r. ed: asaṃruddhagati (mfn.).

RESTRAINER:
     1 niyantṛ (f. ntrī);
     2 nigrahītṛ (f. trī); etc.

RESTRAINT:
     I In gen.:
     1 yamaḥ saṃ- ni-;
     2 ni-yantraṇam -ṇā vi- saṃ-;
     3 nigrahaḥ;
     4 rodhaḥ saṃ- ava- ni-.
     II Restriction: q. v.

RESTRICT: niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), when my actions are thus r. ed by you on all sides: āryeṇaivaṃ sarvato niruddhaceṣṭāprasarasya, Mu. iii.: v. Also to restrain, limit.

RESTRICTION:
     1 nirodhaḥ: v. Restraint;
     2 sīmā: v. Limit. Ph.: without r.: yatheccham, (= at pleasure).

RESTRICTIVE:
     1 nirodhin (f. );
     2 by verb or circumlo.

RESULT (subs.):
     1 pariṇāmaḥ, this is the unfortunate r. of my quietude: eṣa me praśamasya karkaśaḥ pariṇāmaḥ, Vi. iii.;
     2 phalam: v. Consequence, fruit;
     3 siddhāntaḥ (r. of reasoning).

RESULT (v. i.): utpadyate (pad, c. 4.), r. ing from the murder of Parvataka: parvatakavadhotpanna (f. nnā), Mu. i.: v. To proceed (III);
     2 pariṇamate vi-, (nam, c. l. = to terminate), it r. s from his own misdeeds: ātmana eva duścaritametadvipariṇamayati, Vi. vii.

RESUME (subs.): sāraḥ or sārasaṃgrahaḥ: v. Also epitome.

RESUME (v.): punar or bhūya ādatte (, c. 3.): v. To take again. Ph.: to r. an argument or discourse: prakṛtamanusarati (sṛ, c. l. = to follow).

RESUMPTION:
     1 pratyāhāraḥ;
     2 punarādānam and sim. expr. s.

RESURRECTION:
     1 ujjīvanam prati-;
     2 mṛtotthānam after Ku. vii. 4.

RESUSCITATED:
     1 ut-jīvayati saṃ- pratyut- (c. of jīv), the animal kingdom was suddenly r.: udajīvat sahasaiva jīvalokaḥ, Si. xx. 39.

RESUSCITATION:
     1 ujjīvanam prati-;
     2 sañjīvanam.

RETAIL: alpaśaḥ or pādaśaḥ vikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.).

RETAIL (subs.): perh. alpaśaḥ or pādaśo vikrayaḥ.

RETAILER: i. e. retail-dealer: perh. pādakāraḥ; paṇyavikrayin (m. ?), Ram. ii. 90. 18.

RETAIN:
     I To keep, hold: q. v.:
     1 dhārayati saṃ- vi- (dhṛ, c. 10.), boldness and ability to r. (i. e. remember): prāgalbhyaṃ dhārayiṣṇutā, Ka. i. 21.;
     2 na muñcati (muc, c. 6. = not to leave: q. v.).
     II To engage, hire: (mūlyaṃ dattvā etc.) rakṣati (rakṣ, c. l.).

RETAINER:
     I Lit.: anugaḥ (= follower);
     2 anujīvin (m. = dependent);
     3 svapakṣaḥ (= partisan);
     4 bhṛtyaḥ (= servant).
     II Retaining fee: *rakṣāmūlyam.

RETALIATE: pratikaroti, has come to r.: pratikartamupāgataḥ, Ki. xii. 11.: v. Also revenge.

RETALIATION:
     1 prati () kāraḥ or -kriyā;
     2 pratyapakāraḥ (in bad sense).

RETARD:
     1 vilambayati (c. of lamb): v. To delay;
     2 ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7): v. To hinder, restrain.

RETCH: perh. vivamiṣati (desi. of vam), or chardirāgacchati (gam, c. l.: gen. of person). R. ing: vivamiṣā (?) or by circumlo.

RETENTION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II The faculty: dhāraṇā.

RETENTIVE:
     1 dhāraṇāvat (f. );
     2 dhārayiṣṇu (mfn.). R. memory:
     1 medhā, and has excellent r. m.: medhāvinī ca, Mal. i.;
     2 dhārayiṣṇutā, Ka. i. 21.

RETENTIVENESS:
     1 dhāraṇāśaktiḥ;
     2 dhārayiṣṇutā.

RETICENCE:
     1 maunam (silence);
     2 saṃvṛtiḥ (= reserve).

RETICENT: maunāvalambin (f. = silent);
     2 saṃvṛttimat (f. = reserved).

RETICULAR, RETICULATED: jālākāra (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

RETINA: perh. dṛṣṭiḥ 'dṛṣṭidvayaṃ kṛṣṇagolau, Bha.

RETINUE:
     1 parijanaḥ;
     2 parivāraḥ;
     3 parivarhaḥ;
     4 paricchadaḥ: v. Attendant, follower, servant.

RETIRE:
     I To go away, retreat: q. v.: apakrāmati (kram, c. 1.).
     II To withdraw: r. d from the world: śāntimārgotsuko'bhūt, R. vii. 71.; you will again r. to this hermitage: kariṣyasi padaṃ punarāśrame'smin Sa. iv. 19.; shall r. to a wood: vanaṃ vrajet, Y. iii. 45.

RETIRED (adj.):
     I Solitary, secluded: q. v.: vivikta (f. ktā).
     II From office: karmāpasṛta (f. ), tyaktakarman (mfn.) and sim. comp.s. (?).

RETIREMENT:
     I In gen.: expr. by verb: v. To retire.
     II Seclusion: viviktatā.
     III From office: karmāpasṛti; and sim. comp. s (?).

RETIRING (adj.):
     I Reserved, not forward: viviktapriya (f. ) and sim. comp. s;
     2 śānta (f. ntā = quiet).
     II Suitable at retirement; r. pension: *karmāpasṛtivṛttiḥ.

RETORT (v.):
     1 pratyavaskandate (skand, c. l.);
     2 pratyuttaraṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

RETORT (subs.):
     1 pratyavaskandaḥ;
     2 pratyuttaram (= rejoinder).

RETRACE: to r. one's steps: pratyāvartate (vṛt, c. l.): v. To return.

RETRACT:
     1 perh. saṃharati (hṛ, c. l.);
     2 khādati (khād, c. l. = to eat up?);
     3 pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2. = to gainsay).

RETRACTION, RETRACTATION:
     1 by circumlo;
     2 pratyākhyānam or prativādaḥ (= gainsaying).

RETREAT (subs.): The act:
     1 apayānam or apasaraṇam (= going away);
     2 palāyanam (= fleeing).
     II The place:
     1 śaraṇam: v. Refuge.;
     2 ālayaḥ (= adode: q. v.).

RETREAT (v.):
     I To retire, go away:
     1 apakrāmati (kram, c. l.);
     2 apasarati (sṛ, c. 1.).
     II From an enemy: palāyate: v. To flee.

RETRENCH:
     1 nyūnīkaroti: v. To lessen, diminish;
     2 laghayati (nomi.) or laghūkaroti: v. To lighten.

RETRENCHMENT: expr. by verb.; vyayasaṃkṣepaḥ (?).

RETRIBUTION:
     I Retaliation: pratiphalam.
     II Reward: q. v.

RETRIBUTIVE: perh. pariśodhaka (f. dhikā); better by circumlo.

RETRIEVABLE:
     1 uddharaṇīya (f. ), sam-;
     2 pratisamādheya (f. ).

RETRIEVE: uddharati sam- (dhṛ, c. l.): v. To recover, restore.

RETROCESSION:
     1 pratīpagamanam (going back);
     2 pratidānam (giving b.).

RETROGRADE:
     I Adj.:
     1 pratīpa (f. = reverse);
     2 vakra (f. krā = crooked: in Astro.), Su. ii. 14.;
     3 parāvṛtta (f. ttā = backward).
     II Verb: parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

RETROGRESSION:
     1 vakragatiḥ (of planets etc.);
     2 pratīpagamanam etc.

RETROSPECT (subs.): gatasya paryālocanam; atītaparidarśanam (?); etc.

RETROSPECTIVE: r. view = retrospect: q. v.; with r. effect: gatena kālena or samayena (?).

RETROSPECTIVELY:
     1 gatena kālena (?);
     2 atītāvadhi (?).

RETURN (v. t.):
     1 dadāti (, c. 3. = to give: when the sense is clear), to r. a reply: pratyuttaraṃ dadāti; he should r. or take back the thing within ten days: so'ntardaśāhāttaddravyaṃ dadyāccai vādadatīta ca, M.;
     2 pratidadāti (= to give back), it is to be r. ed to the seller: vikretuḥ pratideyaṃ tat, N. s.;
     3 pratyarpayati (c. of = 2.), as if after r. ing a pledge: pratyarpitanyāsa iva, Sa. iv. 21.:
     5 niryātayati -te prati-, (c. of yat), I shall r. (it): niryātayiṣye, Mr. i.;
     6 by prati- (in r.: q. v.), by r. ing evil for evil: pratyapakāreṇa, Si. ii. Ph.: time for r. ing (in sales): anuśayaḥ (parāvartanayogyaḥ kālaḥ), Kat.

RETURN (v. i.):
     1 nivartate prati- vi- saṃ-, (vṛt, c. l.), to (our) governor Kanva when he r. s from his stay abroad: pravāsapratinivṛttāya tātakaṇvāya, Sa. iv.; the king has r. ed to his town: rājā pratinivṛtto nagaram, V. v.;
     2 pratyāyāti (, c. 2.), (= to come back: q. v.), days gone by do not r. again: pratyāyānti gatā punarna divasāḥ, J.;
     3 pratigacchati (= to go back: q. v.), please give us (your) message here and r.: atra naḥ sandiśya pratigantumarhasi, Sa. iv.;
     4 punareti (i, c. 2. = to come again: q. v.), cunning youth (once) past does not r.: na punareti gataṃ caturaṃ vayaḥ, R. ix. 47.

RETURN (subs.):
     I Coming back:
     1 pratyāgamaḥ -nam;
     2 pratiyānam (= going back);
     3 nivṛttiḥ prati- saṃ- vi-, (rare), "asannivṛtyai tadatītameva", Sa. vi. 10.;
     4 better by verb, I am desirous of embracing you on your r.: pratyāgataṃ tvāṃ parirabdhukāmā, Ki. iii. 54.
     II Giving back:
     1 pratyarpaṇam;
     2 pratidānam;
     3 niryātanam prati-: v. To return. (v. t.).
     III Produce, profit: q. v.: phalam: v. An official declaration: *gaṇanā, mortuary r.: mṛtyugaṇanāpatrikā (?).

RETURN, IN: prati- in comp. If I do not do some good to you in r.: pratipriyaṃ cedbhavato na kuryām, R. v. 56.; Ś. has done befilting good to f. in r. for his life: prāṇapradasya susadṛśaṃ pratyupakṛtaṃ jīmūtavāhanasya śaṅkhacūḍena, Na. v.; action in r.: pratikriyā, Mr. iii.

REUNION:
     I Lit.: punaḥsaṃyogaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II An assembly, meeting: q. v.:
     1 saṅgamaḥ;
     2 samāgamaḥ.

RE-UNITE: v. To reconcile, unite again.

REVEAL:
     1 vi-vṛṇoti apā- (vṛ, c. 5.), to r. one's heart: hṛdayaṃ vivṛṇoti, Ki. xiv. 12;
     2 bhinatti nir- (bhid, c. 7. = to break), secretly r. state secrets: mindanti mantraṃ pracchannāḥ, Ka. xi. 65.;
     3 prakāśayati (kāś, c. 10. = to give out: q. v.);
     4 by circumlo., through my favour all these will be r. ed to you: sarvaṃ viditabhetatte matprasādādbhaviṣyati, Ram. i. 2. 31.; as it was r. ed to him: draṣṭṭatvāt, Say.; r. s divine truths to all beings: dadāti savarvabhūtānāṃ paraṃ jñānam, Mah.

REVEALER:
     1 expr. by verb.;
     2 bhedaka (f. dikā), nir- (= breaker: as of secrets):
     3 vivarītṛ (f. trī: rare);
     4 prakāśaka (f. śikā).

REVEL (v.): prabhūtabhakṣyapeyena modate (mud, c. l.: see Mah. xvi. 3. 10.).

REVEL, -LING (subs.): bhakṣyamahotsavaḥ (?); pānagoṣṭhīmahotsavaḥ (?).

REVELATION:
     1 vivṛtiḥ;
     2 bhedaḥ nir-, -vinir;
     3 prakāśaḥ -nam: for dif.: v. To reveal. Ph.: divine r.: aiśonmeṣaḥ.

REVEL(LL)ER: expr. by verb.

REVELRY: v. Revel (subs.).

REVENGE (subs.):
     1 pratihiṃsā;
     2 pratyapakāraḥ;
     3 vairaniryātanam and sim. comp. s (the act);
     4 prati () kāraḥ or -kriyā (= requital), in order to take r.: praticikīrṣayā, Ki. xi. 74.; if unforgivingness had not supported r.: yadyamarṣaḥ pratīkāraṃ bhujālambaṃ na lambhayet, Ki. xi. 57.

REVENGE (v.): by subs. with gen.: v. Also to avenge.

REVENGEFUL:
     1 pratihiṃsāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp. s;
     2 cikīrṣu or praticikīrṣu (mfn.: rare).

REVENGER: prati () kartṛ (f. trī = avenger: q. v.).

REVENUE:
     1 karaḥ, annual r.: ābdikaḥ karaḥ, M. vii. 129.;
     2 baliḥ, he took r. from them: sa tābhyo balimagrahīt, R. i. 18.;
     3 bhāgadheyaḥ (rare), A.;
     4 rājasvam (royal): v. Also fruit, produce.

REVERBERATE: pratidhvanati (dhvan, c. l.): v. To resound, echo.

REVERBERATION:
     I Of sound: pratidhvaniḥ: v. Echo.
     II Of light or heat:
     1 pratiphalaḥ (?);
     2 pratikṣepaḥ (?).

REVERE, REVERENCE (v.):
     1 arcayati abhi- sam- (arc, c. 10.);
     2 pūjayati sam- abhi(pūj, c. 10.): v. To honour, respect.

REVERENCE (subs.): arcanā or arcā abhi-, r. paid by me to Krishna: vihitaṃ mayācyutārcanam, Si. xv. 46.; or if he commands your highest r.: yadi vārcanīyatama eṣa bhavatām, 18.;
     2 pūjanam or pūjā saṃ-;
     3 apacitiḥ;
     4 pratimānanā: v. Also respect. Ph.: Your or His r. (in address): bhagavat (f. ).

REVERED, REVEREND (adj.):
     1 pūjya (f. jyā) or pūjanīya (f. ), saṃ-;
     2 arcanīya (f. ) or arcya (f. rcyā), abhi- samabhi-;
     3 mānanīya (f. ) or mānya (f. nyā), saṃ- prati-;
     4 pūjārha (f. rhā) and sim. comp.s. Ph.: r. sir: bhagavan: v. Reverence.

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REVERENT, REVERENTIAL:
     1 bhaktimat (f. );
     2 by circumlo.: v. To revere, respectful.

REVERENTLY, REVERENTIALLY:
     1 bhaktyā;
     2 bhaktipuraḥsaram;
     3 bhaktipūrvakam: v. Also respectfully.

REVERIE: dhyānam: v. Meditation, dream.

REVERSAL:
     1 parāvartaḥ -nam;
     2 parāvṛttiḥ: v. To reverse.

REVERSE (subs.):
     I The back side: pṛṣṭham.
     II Misfortune: q. v.: vipad (f.) or vipattiḥ.
     III Contrary, opposite: q. v.: viparyayaḥ.
     IV Change: q. v.: parāvartaḥ. Ph.: r. of cold: śotetara (f. ); r. of white: sitetara (f. ); etc.

REVERSE (v.):
     I To annul, make void: perh. parāvartayati (c. of vṛt);
     2 khaṇḍayati pari- -(khaṇḍ, c. 10.).
     II To change, alter: q. v.: parivartayati. Ph.: r. ing you and I: yuṣmadasmadorvyatyayena, Mu. v.

REVERSE, -D (adj.): viparyasta (f. stā): v. Contrary.

REVERSELY: viparyayeṇa: v. Conversely.

REVERSIBLE: parāvartanīya (f. );
     2 parāvartya (f. rtyā);
     3 by circumlo.

REVERSION:
     I Reversing: parāvartaḥ -nam.
     II Reverting: pratyāvartaḥ -nam: v. Also succession.

REVERSIONARY: r. heir: śeṣādhikārin (f. ṇī) (?); r. interest or right: śeṣabhogādhikāraḥ (?).

REVERT:
     1 pratyāvartate (vṛt, c. l.);
     2 punar āgacchati (gam, c. l.): v. To come, again, at last.

REVIEW (subs.):
     I Inspection: paridarśanam.
     II Of books: paryālocanā (?); doṣaguṇavicāraḥ (?).
     III In law: punardarśanam, a r. (should be made) if objections are raised against witnesses or assessors by losing parties: sākṣisabhyāvasannānāṃ dūṣaṇe darśanaṃ punaḥ, N. s.

REVIEW (v.):
     I Lit. and in law: punardarśanaṃ karoti.
     II To revise, inspect: paripaśyati (dṛś, c. 1.).
     III As books: paryālocayati (luc, c. 10.): v. To examine, criticize.

REVIEWER:
     1 paryālocaka (f. cikā);
     2 guṇadoṣavicāraka (f. rikā) and sim. comp.s.

REVILE: adhi-kṣipati ā-, (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To abuse, censure.

REVILER: adhi-kṣepaka (f. pikā), ā-: v. Censurer.

REVILING:
     I Subs.: adhi-kṣepaḥ ā-: v. Abuse, censure, reproach.
     II Adj.: expr. by comp.: v. Abusive.

REVISAL:
     1 paridarśanam (= review);
     2 pariśodhaḥ (= correction).

REVISE: perh. paripaśyati (dyaś, c. l.) or paridarśanaṃ karoti: v. Also to amend, correct.

REVISION:
     I Revisal: q. v.
     II What is revised: śuddhiḥ.

REVIVAL:
     I Lit:
     1 ujjīvanam or sañjīvanam;
     2 saṃjñālābhaḥ cetanāgamaḥ, etc. (= recovery of consciousness);
     3 udvodhanam or vi- (= awakening).
     II Fig., as of studies:
     1 punarutthānam;
     2 samutthānam (= rise);
     3 by verb.

REVIVE (v. t.):
     I To bring to life: jīvayati saṃ- prati- ut- (c. of jīv), r. ing medicine: sañjīvanauṣadhiḥ, U. iii. 11.
     II To bring to consciousness: saṃjñāṃ or cetanāṃ lambhayati (c. of labh) or grāhayati (c. of grah), K. III. To awaken, arouse: bodhayati vi- ut- (c. of vudh), the wife of Kāma was r. d by fate: vidhinā kāmavadhūrvibodhitā, Ku. iv. 1.
     IV To refresh: q. v.: āśvāsayati sam-, (c. of śvas).
     V To renew:
     1 (punaḥ) pravartayati (c. of vṛt), to r. Vedic studies: śrutisampradāyaṃ pravartayitum, M. n. on Si. xiv. 79.;
     2 smarati (smṛ, c. l. = to bring to recollection), Si.

REVIVE (v. i.):
     I To come to life: q. v.: ujjīvati (jīv, c. 1.).
     II To recover consciousness: saṃjñāṃ or cetanāṃ labhate, (labh, c. l.), prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), etc.: v. To get.
     III To reflourish:
     1 punara uttiṣṭhate sam-, (sthā, c. l.);
     2 by v. t.: v. Revive (V).

REVOCABLE: khaṇḍanīya (f. ) or khaṇḍya (f. ṇḍyā), pari-.

REVOCATION: khaṇḍanā: v. Repeal, reversal.

REVOKE: khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.): v. To reverse.

REVOLT (subs.): rājadrohaḥ: v. Rebellion.

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REVOLT (v.):
     I To rebel: q. v.: rājadrohaṃ karoti.
     II To shock, be offensive: r. ing to one's feeling: vībhatsa (f. tsā): v. Disgusting.

REVOLUTION:
     I The act:
     1 parivartaḥ -nam, and by their r. s: teṣāṃ tu parivartena, Su. i. 27.;
     2 bhramaṇam (when the sense is clear), circular r.: cakrabhramaṇam, Go.;
     3 gatiḥ (= motion).
     II The space measured by r.: bhagaṇaḥ, twelve (signs) make a r.: bhagaṇo dvādaśaiva te, Su. i. 28.; r. s of the Sun, Mercury and Venus: sūryayajñaśukrāṇāṃ bhagaṇāḥ, Su. i. 29.
     III In government: rājyaparivartaḥ -nam, and sim. comp. s (?).

REVOLUTIONARY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

REVOLUTIONIST: rājyaparivartin (f. ): v. To change.

REVOLUTIONIZE: aśeṣeṇa parivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To change.

REVOLVE (v. i.):
     1 pari-vartate ā paryā- samā-, (vṛt, c. l.), r. ing round and round like a wheel: cakrabhramamāvṛtyāvṛtya, Vi. vi. 12.;
     2 bhramati or bhrābhyati pari-, (bhram, c. l. and 4.), the stars r. ing over his head: bhramadbhacakraṃ nijamastakopari, Go.;
     2 ghūrṇati -te vi- pari-, (ghūrṇ, c. l.), the light of lamps is r. ing: ghūrṇate daipamarciḥ, Si. xi. 18.

REVOLVE (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ghūrṇayati vi- pari-, (c. of ghūrṇ);
     2 bhrāmayati pari-, (c. of bhram);
     3 parivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To recollect, consider: q. v.: vigaṇayati (gaṇ, c. 10.).

REVOLVER: āgneyāstraviśeṣaḥ; *ghūrṇacakram.

REWARD (subs.):
     1 pāritoṣikam, has favoured you with this r.: etatpāritoṣikaṃ te prasādīkṛtam, Sa. v.:
     3 prati-phalam (gen. in bad sense), will get r. befitting his skill: dākṣyasyānurūpaṃ phalamadhigamiṣyati, Mu. iii.;
     3 mūlyam (= price: q. v.).

REWARD (v.):
     1 paritoṣayati (c. of tuṣ), r, and dismiss him: tatparitoṣya visarjayainam, Mu. ii.;
     2 pāritoṣikaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

REWARDER:
     1 paritoṣayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 by verb.

RHAPSODIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. below.

RHAPSODY: i. e. slightly unconnected discourse: no equiv: asambaddhaprabandhaḥ and sim. comp.s.

RHETORIC: alaṅkāraḥ -śāstram.

RHETORICAL:
     1 comp., r. work: alaṅkāragranthaḥ or -nibandhaḥ;
     2 ālaṅkārika (f. : rare).

RHETORICALLY: alaṅkāraśāstrānusāreṇa and sim. expr. s.

RHETORICIAN: alaṅkāraśāstrajña (f. jñā) and sim. comp.s.

RHEUM: of the mucous glands: śleṣman (m.).

RHEUMATIC: expr. by words given below.

RHEUMATISM: snāyugato vātaḥ (= of the muscles), Bha.; śirāgato vātaḥ; sandhigato vātaḥ (of the joints), Bha.; vātaśoṇitam (?), C. s. N. B. vāta is general name for some 80 diseases including, jṛmbhā śirograha, etc.

RHEUMY:
     1 śleṣmalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 śleṣmaṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 klinna (f. nnā) (of eyes).

RHINOCEROS:
     1 gaṇḍaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 khaṅgin (m.: khaṅgaḥ = its horn);
     3 taitilaḥ (rare). She-r.: khaṅgidhenuḥ -kā, K.; etc. (G. Par. 103).

RHOMBOID: tulyasammukhabhujaścaturbhujaḥ; *viṣamāyataḥ.

RHOMBUS:
     1 tulyacaturbhujaḥ, Li. 148.;
     2 samacaturbhujaḥ.

RHUBARB: khesam (in Mahratti).

RHYME (subs.):
     I Of verses: mitrākṣaram.
     II A verse: ślokaḥ.
     III Poetry: q. v.: padyam. Ph.: without r. or reason: niṣkāraṇam, etc.

RHYME (v.):
     I To accord in sound: perh. mitrībhavati.
     II To make r.: padyaṃ karoti: v. Poetry.

RHYMER:
     1 kavitākāraḥ;
     2 kukaviḥ (= bad poet): v. Versifier.

RHYTHM:
     1 tālaḥ;
     2 layaḥ (= musical time).

RHYTHMICAL:
     1 tālabaddha (f. ddhā);
     2 tālānugata (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

RHYTHMICALLY: expr. by adj or circumlo.

RIB:
     I Lit.:
     1 parśuḥ -kā;
     2 pārśvakam or pārśvāsthi (n.);
     3 pañjaram (= r. s collectively).
     II Of a boat: polindaḥ (?).
     III Of cloth: rekhā.

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RIBALD: durvinīta (f. ): v. Mean, obscene.

RIBALDRY: aślīlatā: v. Obscenity, indecency.

RIBBON, RIBAND: Perh. paṭṭabandhaḥ.

RICE:
     I The plant:
     1 śāliḥ (= winter r.), red (= table) r.: raktaśāliḥ; white r.: kalamaḥ;
     2 āśuḥ (= aus, early r.);
     3 vrīhiḥ (= boro, rice ripening in the rains);
     4 ṣaṣṭikā (= a rice of quick growth);
     5 nīvāraḥ (= a wild rice).
     II Husked r.: taṇḍulaḥ, grains of r.: taṇḍulakaṇāḥ, H. III. Boiled r.:
     1 annam;
     2 odanam;
     3 andhas,
     4 bhaktam. Ph.: r. boiled in milk with sugar: pāyasam paramānnam; r. boiled with dāl, khichri: kṛsarā, Bha.

RICH:
     I Wealthy:
     1 dhanin (f. ), if we are r. with wealth undistributed and unenjoyed: dānopabhogahīnena dhanena dhanino yadi, H. i. 156.;
     2 dhanavat (f. );
     3 dhanaśālin (f. );
     4 mahādhana (f. ), dhanāḍhya (f. ḍhyā), and sim. comp.s. (= very r.);
     5 vittaśālin (f. );
     6 vibhavasampanna (f. nnā);
     7 by subs., he has friends, who is r.: yasyārthāstasya mitrāṇi, H. i. 124.
     II Costly, splendid; q. v.: mahādhana (f. ) and sim. comp. s, r. couch: mahādhanaṃ śayanam, Ki. i. 38.
     III Abundant: q. v.: pracura (f. ).
     IV Abounding in:
     1 āḍhya (f. ḍhyā), a fort r. in weapons and machines: durgamāyudhayantrāḍhyam, Ka. iv. 60.;
     2 by words given under abundant, the first became r. in gems: prathamā bahuratnasūrabhūt. R. viii. 28.;
     3 samanvita (f. = endowed with: q. v.), r. in ore: khanidravyasamanvitā, Ka. iv. 51.: v. Also having. V. Of soil etc.:
     1 sāravat or guṇavat (f. ), Ka. iv. 50. and ix. 18.;
     2 praśasta (f. stā): v. Excellent.
     VI Of colours: ujjvala (f. = bright).
     VII Highly seasoned:
     1 ghṛtapluta (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (= full of ghee);
     2 sumadhura (f. = very sweet), Bha.

RICHES:
     1 dhanam, every one is strong with r.: dhanavān balavān sarvaḥ, H. i. 121.: v. Money, wealth;
     2 samṛddhiḥ: v. Opulence.

RICHLY:
     I With riches: prabhūtadhanena and sim. comp.s.
     II Sumptuously, splendidly: q. v.: expr. by adj.
     III Plentifully, exceedingly: q. v.: bhūri.

RICHNESS:
     I Lit.: dhanāḍhyatā and sim. comp.s.
     II Costliness: mahādhanatā and sim. comp.s.
     III Abundance: q. v.: prācuryam.
     IV Of soil: sāra- or guṇavattā.
     V Excellence: q. v.: praśastatā.
     VI Of colours: ujjvalatā.
     VII Of dishes: sumadhuratā.

RICK: rāśiḥ: v. Heap, stock.

RICKETS: a disease: bālagrahaḥ (gen.), Bha.

RICKETY:
     I Lit.: grahajuṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Shaky: śithilasandhi (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

RID: muñcati or mocayati vi-, (muc, c. 6. and 10.) ; v. To free, deliver. To get r. of: niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To remove, drive away.

RIDDANCE: muktiḥ: v. Deliverance, escape.

RIDDLE (subs.):
     I Enigma:
     1 prahelikā;
     2 pravahṇiḥ kā.
     II A sieve: q. v.: śodhanī.

RIDDLE (v.):
     I To clean grass: śodhayati vi-, (c. of śudh), D. vi.
     II To pierce: q. v.: vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.).
     III To speak enigmatically: prahelikāṃ vadati (vad, c. l.): v. To say, tell.
     IV To un-r.: q. v.

RIDE (v.):
     1 ā- rohati adhi- samadhi- samā- adhyā-, (ruh, c. l.), rose in order to r.: ārurukṣurudatiṣṭhat, K.; r. ing on it: samāruhya tam, K.; r. for the battle on a great marine monster: yudhde'dhirūḍhaḥ makaraṃ mahattaram, Ku. xiv. 9.;
     2 adhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. l. = be seated on), r. ing in their excellent vehicles: svavāhanāni pravarāṇyadhiṣṭhitāḥ, Ku. xiv. 13.

RIDE (subs.):
     I The act: to take a r.: aśvena sañcarate (car, c. l.) or viharati (hṛ, c. l.): v. Also R. ing.
     II A road: perh. vīthiḥ, M. n.

RIDER:
     I Horse-r.:
     1 aśvārohin (f. ṇī);
     2 aśvārūḍha (f. ḍhā); and sim. comp.s.
     II In gen.: ārohin (f. ṇī): v. To ride.
     III An addition: perh. sahayogaḥ.

RIDGE: no prop. equiv.:
     1 pṛṣṭham (= back);
     2 kaṭaka (mn. = side of a hill);
     3 śreṇiḥ, (ṇī = chain).

RIDICULE (subs.): upahāsaḥ or avahāsaḥ or apahāsaḥ, I shall merit r.: gamiṣyāmyupahāsyatām, R. i. 3. ; v. Also contempt.

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RIDICULE (v.): upa- hasati ava- apa-, (has, c. 1.), either I shall be r. d by good men: apahasye'thavā sadbhiḥ, Ki. xi. 68.: v. Also to laugh.

RIDICULOUS: upa- apa-, or ava- hāsya (f. syā) ; v. Also contemptible.

RIDICULOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

RIDICULOUSNESS: upa- apa- or ava-hāsyatā.

RIDING: (subs.):
     I The act: aśvārohaṇam and sim. comp. s., skill in r.: turaṅgārohaṇapāṭavam, D.; r. -habit: turaṅgādhirohaṇocito veṣaḥ, K.: v. Horse, to ride.
     II Of a country: *maṇḍalakhaṇḍaḥ; pramaṇḍalam.

RIFE (adj.): pracala (f. ): v. Prevalent.

RIFLE:
     I Subs.: āgneyāstram.
     II Verb: harati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To rob.

RIFLEMAN: āgneyāstrabhṛt (mfn.), -dhārin (f. ṇī), etc.

RIFT: chidram: v. Crack, cleft.

RIG (v.): sajjate (sajj, c. 1.): v. To equip.

RIG, RIGGING (subs.):
     1 sajjā (= equipment);
     2 rajjavaḥ (= ropes: of ship's r.).

RIGHT (adj.):
     I Not left:
     1 dakṣiṇa (f. ṇā), on the r.: dakṣiṇataḥ; wounded on the r.: dakṣiṇerman (mfn.), B. iv. 44.;
     2 vāmetara or savyetara (f. : poet.), by the r. eye: savyetareṇākṣṇā, R. xiv. 49.;
     3 apasavya (f. vyā: rare).
     II Straight: q. v.: r. line: saralarekhā; r. angle: samakoṇaḥ.
     III Proper; reasonable: q. v.:
     1 ucita (f. ), sam-;
     2 nyāyya, (f. yyā).
     IV Real, actual: q. v.: yathārtha (f. rthā).
     V True, correct: q. v.: satya (f. tyā).

RIGHT (subs.):
     I Justice, propriety: q. v.: dharmaḥ.
     II Just claim, title:
     1 adhikāraḥ;
     2 svatvam. III. R. side: v. Right. (adj. 1.).
     IV What is r.: expr. by adj., neither I did r. to him: etasminnucitaṃ na nāma vihitam, Vi. v. 46.; you are in the r.: satye tvaṃ vartase (?).

RIGHT (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 ṛjūkaroti;
     2 samīkaroti.
     II To do r. to: ucitaṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), vyavaharati (hṛ, c. 1.), etc.

RIGHT (adv.): v. Rightly.

RIGHT-ANGLED:
     1 samakoṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 ṛjukoṇa (f. ṇā).

RIGHTEOUS:
     I Just, proper: q. v.: nyāyya (f. yyā).
     II Virtuous, holy: q. v.: nyāyaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā).

RIGHTEOUSLY:
     1 nyāyataḥ (= justly);
     2 by adj. or circumlo.

RIGHTEOUSNESS:
     1 nyāyyatā (of acts);
     2 nyāyaparāyaṇatā (of men): v. Piety, rectitude, purity, propriety.

RIGHTFUL: nyāyya (f. yyā): v. Lawful, just.

RIGHTFULLY: nyāyena: v. Lawfully, justly.

RIGHT-MINDED: śuddhacetas (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.: v. Honest.

RIGHTLY:
     I Properly, fitly: q. v.: ucitam.
     II Truly, correctly: q. v.: yathārthataḥ, r. called "distresser of foes": parantapo nāma yathārthanāmā, R. vi. 21.
     III Well: q. v.: samyak.

RIGID: kaṭhora (f. ): v. Stern, severe, hard.

RIGIDITY: kaṭhoratā: v. Stiffness, hardness.

RIGIDLY: kaṭhoram: v. Stiffly, hardly.

RIGMAROLE: gūḍhapralapitam, and sim. comp. s.

RIGOR, RIGOUR:
     I In gen.: kaṭhoratā: v. Stiffness, hardness.
     II Intensity, severity: q. v.: ugratā.

RIGOROUS: kaṭhora (f. ), r. imprisonment: kaṭhoranirodhaḥ: v. Stiff, hard, severe.

RIGOROUSLY: expr. by adj. or comp.: v. Also hardly, severely.

RILL:
     1 kusarit (f.), H.;
     2 kṣudranadī; and sim. comp. s.

RIM:
     1 prāntaḥ: v. Border, edge;
     2 karṇaḥ (of vessels).

RIME: ghananīhāraḥ: v. Hoar-frost.

RIMY: atihima (f. ) and sim. comp. s.: v. Frosty, frost.

RIND:
     1 tvac (f.): v. Bark, skin;
     2 kañcukaḥ (= coat, shell).

RING (subs.):
     I A circle: q. v.: maṇḍalam, dancing in a r.: maṇḍalanṛtyam.
     II For fingers: aṅgulī () yam -kam, interchange of r. s: aṅgulīyakavinimayaḥ, D. ii.; r. -finger: anāmikā (but madhyamā, i. e. the middle finger is the Hindoo r. -f. Hence madhyamopalaḥ, Ki. ix. 2.); bezel of a r.: maṇibandhaḥ. -nam, Sa. v.
     III A circular area: maṇḍalam vīthiḥ (?).

RING (v. t.):
     I Of bells: cālayati (c. of cal) (= to move). N.B. vādayati (c. of vad) is of striking bells.
     II To fit with r. s: expr. by circumlo.
     III To encircle: pariveṣṭayati (c. of veṣṭ).

RING (v. i.):
     1 kvaṇati (kvaṇ, c. 1.);
     2 raṇati (raṇ, c. 1.): v. To sound.

RING-DOVE: kapotaviśeṣaḥ.

RINGING:
     I Subs.:
     1 kvaṇitam;
     2 raṇitam.
     II Adj.:
     1 kvaṇat (f. ntī);
     2 raṇat (f. ntī), raṇadbhiḥ svaraiḥ, Si. i. 10.

RING-LEADER:
     1 nāyakaḥ: v. Leader;
     2 mukhayaḥ: v. Head, chief.

RINGLET: alakaḥ: v. Curl, hair. (1).

RINGWORM: dadru (drūḥ), -rogaḥ.

RINSE (v.):
     I Of the mouth:
     1 ācāmati (cam, c. 1.);
     2 upaspṛśati (spṛś, c. 6.); drinking fountain water and r. ing (the mouth with it): pītvā prasravaṇajalamupaspṛśya ca, R.
     II To cleanse, wash: q. v.: prakṣālayati (kṣal, c. 10.).

RINSING (subs.):
     1 ācamanam, water for r.: ācamanīyam;
     2 upasparśaḥ;
     3 prakṣālaṇam: for dif.: v. To rinse.

RIOT (subs.):
     I Tumult, uproar: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.
     II In law: breach of the peace: perh.: sambhūyābhighātaḥ -avamardaḥ or -abhidrohaḥ.
     III Revelry, excess q. v. Ph.: to run r.: expr. with niravagraha (f. ), aniyantrita (f. ), etc.; that (vicious elephant) has run r. in the highway: sa (duṣṭahastī) mahāntaṃ saṃkṣobhaṃ kurvan rājamārgamavatīrṇaḥ, Mr. ii.

RIOT (v.):
     I To be greatly excited:
     1 saṃkṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4.);
     2 sarambhaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc.
     II To revel: q. v.

RIOTER: in law: sambhūyābhighātin (f. ), -avamardakārin (f. ṇī), etc.: v. Also reveller.

RIOTOUS: expr. by comp.: v. Noisy, tumultous.

RIOTOUSLY:
     1 saṃkṣobhaṃ kurvat (f. ntī);
     2 mahāśabdena (= noisily).

RIP (v.): pāṭayati vi- (paṭ, c. 10.): v. To tear, cut.

RIPE:
     1 pakva (f. kvā), pari- vi- saṃ-, with the rice r.: paripakvaśāliḥ, Ki. iv. 1.; thoroughly r. tumour: samyakpakvaḥ śothaḥ, Bha.;
     2 pariṇata (f. ), r. rose-apple: pariṇatajambuphalam, Ki. x. 22.; r. poetic genius: pariṇatakavitvaśaktiḥ, M.n.;
     3 paktrima (f. ), vi- pari- (rare), by these r. words: vāṇībhirābhiḥ paripaktrimābhiḥ, N. xxii. 103.

RIPEN:
     I Intrans.:
     1 pākam eti (i, c. 2.), gacchati avāpnoti, etc., r. ing: pākaṃ vrajantī, Ri. iv. 11.;
     2 pacati pari-, (pac, c. 1.: rare), tumours r.: pacanti śothāḥ, Bha. Ph.: about to r.: pākonmukha (f. khā), Bha.
     II Trans.:
     1 pakvīkaroti;
     2 pākaṃ lambhayati (c. of labh), janayati (c. of jan), etc.;
     3 pācayati vi- pari- (c. of pac: rare), Bha.

RIPENESS:
     1 pākaḥ vi- pari-, by the r. of the fruit: phalasya vipākena, Ki. iv. 26.; resulting from the r. of purity: puṇyaparipākopādāna (f. ), Vi. iv.;
     2 pakvatā -tvam pari- vi-;
     3 pariṇāmaḥ;
     4 pariṇatiḥ.

RIPPLE:
     I Subs.:
     1 budbudaḥ, U. ii. 46.;
     2 taraṅgaḥ (= wave: q. v.).
     II Verb: kṣubhyati (kṣubh, c. 4.: to be agitated). R. ing (adj.): udbudbuda (f. ).

RISE (v.):
     I To appear:
     1 udeti udayati (i, c. 2. and 1.), r. ing slowly: mandamandamuditaḥ, Ki.; for the moon has r. n: udayati hi śaśāṅkaḥ, Mr. i. 54.;
     2 udgacchati, as soon as the sun rose: yāvadevodagātpataṅgamaṇḍalam, D. ii.; clusters of clouds rose from (his) hair: udaguḥ...jalavāhāvalayaḥ śiroruhebhyaḥ, Si. xx. 66.;
     3 uttiṣṭhate sam-, (sthā, c. 1.), clouds are r. ing: meghaḥ samuttiṣṭhate, Mr.
     II To be up: uttiṣṭhati, rose from the bench: pīṭhādudattiṣṭhat, Si. i. 12.; r. ing and washing our faces: utthāya ca dhautavaktrau, D. ii.; r. n breaking up the earth: bhittvotthitaṃ bhūmim, Si. iv. 1.; the bathing time having approached, the king dismissed the chiefs and rose from the assemblyhall: samāsannasnānasamayo visarjitarājalokaḥ kṣitipatirāsthānamaṇḍapāduttasthau, K. III. To break out: uttiṣṭhate, a fire has r. n in the zenana: utthito'ntaḥpure'gniḥ, Ra. iv. 14.; (if) he would r. to kill us: uttiṣṭheta vadhāya naḥ, Vi. iv. 6.
     IV To advance: uttiṣṭhate, but a r. ing enemy: uttiṣṭhamānastu paraḥ, Si. ii. 10.; some r. and fall, some fall and r.: ko'pyutthitaḥ patati ko'pi patito'pyuttiṣṭhate, Mr. x.
     V To increase: q. v.: vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.) (as of rivers).

RISE (subs.):
     1 utthānam sam-, newly r. n moon: navotthāna induḥ, R. vi. 31.; seeing him r.: tasyābhyutthānadarśinyaḥ, R. iv. 3.;
     2 udayaḥ -nam abhi-, in (your) r.: udaye, R. viii. 84.; by their r. and setting: vyasanodayābhyām, Sa. iv. 2.;
     3 udgamaḥ -nam sam-, (= appearance, as of heavenly bodies):
     4 vṛddhiḥ vi-
: v. Advancement, increase;
     5 utpātaḥ (opposed to fall: r. ing up, lit. and fig.), H. Ph. To give rise to: utpādayati (c. of pad): v. To produce, beget.

RISER: perh. utthānakārin (f. ṇī); better by verb.

RISIBILITY:
     1 hāsakaratvam -tā and sim. comp. s.;
     2 by adj.

RISIBLE:
     1 hāsakara (f. ), Si. xv. 33.;
     2 hāsajanana (f. ); etc.

RISING:
     I Adj.: expr. by pres. part.: v. To rise.
     II Subs.: v. Rise. Ph.: popular r.: prajāsaṃkṣobhaḥ: v. Tumult.

RISK:
     I Subs.: saṅkaṭam: v. Danger, peril.
     II Verb.:
     1 saṃśaye sandehe or saṅkaṭe kṣipati ni-, (kṣip, c. 6.), etc.:
     2 saṃśayasthaṃ (f. sthāṃ), etc. karoti.

RITE (subs.):
     1 kriyā;
     2 vidhiḥ;
     3 karman (n.): v. Ceremony.

RITUAL:
     I Adj.: by comp.: v. Ceremorial.
     II Subs.: kriyāpaddhatiḥ () and sim. comp. s.

RITUALIST: kriyāpaddhatijña (f. jñā) and sim. comp. s.

RIVAL (subs. and adj.):
     1 often by prati- in comp., r. combatant: pratidvandvin (f. ), R. vii. 37.; r. lady: pratiyuvatiḥ, Si. viii. 38.; r. elephant: pratidvipaḥ, Ki. xvii. 45.;
     2 samāna (f. = equal), r. s in learning are as a rule jealous of each other's fame: prāyaḥ samānavidyā parasparayaśaḥpurobhāgāḥ, Mal. i. 19.;
     3 pratiyogin (f. );
     4 sapatnī (a r. wife), r. rills: sapatnīrnimnagāḥ, Si. ii. 104.

RIVAL (v.):
     I To emulate: q. v.: spardhate (spardh, c. 1.).
     II To excel: q. v.: atiśete (śī, c. 2.).

RIVALRY:
     1 spardhā (= emulation);
     2 pratiyogitā (= competition);
     3 virodhaḥ (= contest, opposition: q. v.).

RIVE: vidārayati (c. of dṝ): v. To tear, split.

RIVER:
     1 nadī (or nadaḥ, of a few r. s--the Indus sindhuḥ, the Brahmaputra brahmaputraḥ or lauhityaḥ, the Śon śoṇaḥ, etc.), r. bank: nadīkūlam; r. diver: nadīṣṇaḥ, R. xvi. 75.; r. -irrigated: nadīmātṛka (f. ), M.n. on Ki. i. 17.; r. fish: nādeyo matsyaḥ;
     2 sarit (f.);
     3 sindhuḥ (f.: rare);
     4 āpagā, Sr.; nimnagā taraḍgiṇī srotasvatī, etc. (poet.);
     5 dhunī (or niḥ: rare), A.

RIVET (v.): nibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), with r. ed attention: nibaddhalakṣyeṇa, K.: v. To fasten, bind.

RIVET (subs.):
     1 kīlaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 śalākā.

RIVULET:
     1 kṣudrasarit (f.) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 kusarit (f.);
     3 nimnagā.

RIX-DOLLAR: mudrāviśeṣaḥ.

ROAD:
     1 mārgaḥ, high r.: rājamārgaḥ; of r. -side trees: mārgaśākhinām, R. i. 45.; looking for r. s: mārgaiṣin (f. ṇī), R. xvi. 31.;
     2 pathin (m.: patha- in comp. s), although the r. is not straight to you: vakraḥ panthā yadapi bhavataḥ, Me. i. 28.; making and clearing r. s in the dense forest: kurvantaḥ śodhayantaśca panthāno gahane vane, Ram. ii. 87. 7.; bad r. (i. e. vicious course): apanthāḥ, An. i. 4.; where four r. s meet: catuṣpatham, Mit.;
     3 adhvan (m.), on the r.: adhvani, R. v. 60.; the remainder of the r.: adhvaśeṣam, Me. i. 39.;
     4 vartman (n.), from the beaten r.:, kṣuṇṇādvartmanaḥ, R. i. 17.;
     5 rathyā (= high r.), r. embellishment: rathyāsaṃskāraḥ, R. xv. 38.

ROAM (v.):
     1 bhramati or bhrāmyati pari-, (bhram, c. 1. and 4.), r. ing over countries: bhrāntvā deśam, J.;
     2 aṭati pari-, (aṭ, c. 1.), one day r. ing: ekadā paryaṭan, D.

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ROAMING (subs.):
     1 bhramaṇam pari-;
     2 aṭanam pari-.

ROAN (adj.): śuklabindukarburita (f. ), kṛṣṇa (f. ṣṇā) and sim. expr. s.

ROAR (v.):
     I In gen.:
     1 garjati pari-, (garj, c. 1.), r. ing fiercely like r. ing clouds: garjatparjanyaghorastanitam, Vi. v. 53.;
     2 stanati (stan, c. 1.: rare);
     3 huṃkurute (as of a lion), r. s after thunder: anuhuṃkurute ghanadhvanim, Si. xvi. 25.;
     4 by subs., like the r. ing Nerbuddā: reveva mahāvirāvā, R. xvi. 31.: v. Noise.
     II In distress: krośati vi-, (kruś, c. 1.): v. To cry.

ROAR, -ING (subs.):
     1 garjanam or garjitam pari-;
     2 stanitam;
     3 huṃkāraḥ -kṛtiḥ(taṃ): v. Also cry, noise, scream.

ROAST (v.):
     1 śūlākaroti (on a spit), S. k.;
     2 bhṛjjati (bhrasj, c. 6. = to fry: q. v.: also fig.), r. ed Rāvaṇa: babhrajja rāvaṇam, B. xiv. 86.

ROAST (adj.): i. e. r. ed on spit: śūlya (f. lyā), we have to eat food chiefly consisting of r. meat: śūlyamāṃsabhūyiṣṭha āhāro'śyate, Sa. iv.

ROB (v.):
     1 harati apa- (hṛ, c. 1.), by r. bing you, say, what has (he) not r. bed me of: haratā tvāṃ vada kiṃ na me hṛtam, R. viii. 67.;
     2 muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9. = to steal: q. v.), r. bing the ocean of its beauty: payodhilakṣmīmuṣ (mfn.), N. i. 117.

ROBBER:
     1 dasyuḥ;
     2 taskaraḥ;
     3 lubdhaḥ -kaḥ: v. Also thief.

ROBBERY:
     I The act: haraṇam apa-.
     II In law:
     1 prasamaharaṇam, Mit.;
     2 sāhasaṃ cauryam, N.s.
     III Robber's state:
     1 dasyutā;
     2 tāskaryam.

ROBE:
     I Subs: vasanam: v. Dress, cloth.
     II Verb: vaste (vas, c. 2.): v. To dress, clothe. R. d: v. Clad.

ROBIN: a bird: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

ROBUST:
     1 dṛḍhāṅga (f. ṅgī);
     2 vajrasaṃhanana (f. = very r.): v. Strong, muscular.

ROBUSTNESS: dṛḍhāṅgatā and sim. expr. s: v. Also strength.

ROCK (subs.):
     1 śiloccayaḥ;
     2 śilā: v. Stone.

ROCK (v.):
     I Intrans.: dolāyate (nomi.): v. Also to move, shake.
     II Trans.: dolayati (dula, c. 10.): v. Also to move.

ROCK-SALT:
     1 saindhavam -lavaṇam;
     2 śītaśivam, A.;
     3 māṇibamantham, A.

ROCKET: perh. hambā or hambatārā.

ROCKY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 śilāmaya (f. ) and sim. deriv.

ROD:
     1 daṇḍaḥ;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ;
     3 vetram (= cane).

RODOMONTADE:
     1 garvitavākyam;
     2 uddhatavacas (n.) and sim. comp. s.

ROE:
     I Of fishes:
     1 matsyāṇḍam and sim. comp. s;
     2 matsyagarbhaḥ, r. is highly aphrodisiac: matsyagarbho bhṛśaṃ vṛṣyaḥ, Bha.
     III Female deer: mṛgī etc.

ROE, ROEBUCK: a deer: kuraṅgaḥ (?).

ROGATION:
     I Demand: anuyogaḥ (?).
     II Litany: sūktam (?).

ROGUE:
     1 dhūrta (f. rtā), r. s live by snares: jālopajīvinī dhūrtāḥ, K. s. xxiv. 199.;
     2 vañcaka (f. ñcikā = cheat), where is the r. now: sa vañcakaḥ kvāste, H.;
     3 śaṭha (f. ṭhā), hypocrites and r. s: vaiḍālavratikān śaṭhān, V.p. iii. 18. 99.;
     4 khala (f. ) (=mischievous);
     5 durjanaḥ (= bad man).

ROGUERY, ROGUISHNESS:
     1 dhūrtatā;
     2 khalatā;
     3 śaṭhatā or śāṭhyam (cheating);
     4 daurjanyam (= wickedness).

ROGUISH: expr. by comp.: v. Rogue, knavish.

ROGUISHLY:
     1 dhūrtavat (= like a rogue);
     2 śāṭhyena: v. Deceitfully.

ROLL (v. t.):
     I To revolve:
     1 bhra(bhrā)mayati pari- (c. of bhram), r. ing all beings: bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni, G. xviii. 61.;
     2 ghūrṇayati vi- pari- (c. of ghūrṇ), r. ing the eyes: dṛśau ghūrṇayan, Si. ii. 16.
     II On the ground: loṭa(ṭha)yati (c. of luṭ or luṭh).
     III To r. up, wrap round on itself:
     1 piṇḍīkaroti;
     2 saṃpuṭīkaroti.
     IV To enwrap, encircle: q. v.: veṣṭayati pari- (c. of veṣṭ).
     V To press with a r. er:
     1 vellati (vell, c. 1.: to r. flour etc. for cake);
     2 samīkaroti (= to level).

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ROLL (v. i.):
     I On the ground:
     1 luṭhati or luṭyati pra- vi-, (luṭh, c. 1. and luṭ, c. 4.), r. ing on the ground: luṭyan bhuvi, B. iii. 32;
     2 vellati (vell, c. i.), to r. on the ground: bhuvi vellanāya, Si. v. 53;
     3 parivartate (vṛt, c. 1. = turn round), r. ing on the ground: sthalīṣu parivṛtya, Si. v: 55.
     II To revolve: q. v.: bhramati (bhram, c. 1.), the Ganges r. ed over the god's head for one year: gaṅgā śirasi devasya saṃvatsaraṃ babhrāma, Ram. i. 45. 8.
     III To r. on or away = to pass away: q. v.: gacchati, "time r.s on": kālo gacchati, J. IV. To r. over and over: vyāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.), by the r. ings of the snake-king: vyāvartanairahipateḥ, Ki. V. To move: q. v. Ph.: r. -ed out at the foot of the Vindhyas: vindhyapāde viśīrṇām, Me. i. 19.

ROLL (subs.):
     I R. ing:
     1 luṭhanam or luṭhitam;
     2 bhrāntiḥ;
     3 vyāvartanam; for dif.: v. To roll.
     II Anything r. ed:
     1 by adj.: piṇḍita (f. ), saṃ- pari, (= r. ed up);
     2 nālī (= tube: in comp. s), r. of cotton: tūlanālī.
     III R. er: q. v.
     IV Of bread: no equiv.: *golakaḥ.
     V A document, register, list: q. v.: patram.

ROLLER:
     I A cylinder:
     1 perh. vartanī;
     2 vellanam -nī (for rolling flour), velayedvellanenaitāḥ, Bha.
     II A bandage: q. v.: paṭṭaḥ.
     III A bird: loṭa(ṭha)naḥ.

ROMANCE:
     I Subs.:
     1 ākhyāyikā (= story);
     2 adbhutakathā and sim. comp. s.
     II Verb: to write, tell r. s: expr. by subs.

ROMANTIC:
     I Strange, fanciful: q. v.: adbhuta (f. ).
     II Chivalrous, brave: q. v.
     III Of deeds: perh. romaharṣaṇa (f. ṇā).

ROMP, -ING (subs.): vihāraḥ: v. Sport, frolic.

ROMP (v.): viharati: v. To sport, frolic, frisk.

ROOD: expr. by nivartanam (= half r. or 20 rods), Li.

ROOF (subs.):
     1 chadiḥ;
     2 paṭalama;
     3 by circumlo., left the window and went up to the r.: vimucya taṃ gavākṣaṃ saudhasyoparitanaṃ śikharamāruroha, K. Ph.: bamboo framework of a r.: gopānasī, Si. iii. 49.; vaṃśapañjaraḥ, M.n.; edge of a r.: nīdhram balīkam.

ROOF (v.):
     1 chādayati (chad, c. 10.);
     2 by subs.

ROOFLESS:
     I Lit.: niṣpaṭala (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Fig., homeless, unsheltered: nirāśraya (f. ) and sim. comp. s. living r.: aniketavāsin (f. ), Ku. v. 25.

ROOK: kākaviśeṣaḥ: v. Crow.

ROOKERY: kākāśrayaḥ or in gen. khagāśrayaḥ and sim. comp. s.

ROOM:
     I Space: q. v.: avasaraḥ.
     II Place: q. v.: bhūmiḥ.
     III An apartment: koṣṭhaḥ. Top-r.:
     1 candraśālā;
     2 śirogṛham.

ROOMINESS:
     1 asambādhatā;
     2 viśālatā;
     3 vistīrṇatā.

ROOMY:
     1 asambādha (f. dhā);
     3 viśāla (f. ): v. Spacious, large.

ROOST:
     I Subs.:
     1 vāsayaṣṭiḥ;
     2 yaṣṭinivāsaḥ, R. xvi. 14.; and sim. comp. s.
     II Verb: śete (śī, c. 2.), r. ing on trees: vṛkṣeśayāḥ, R.

ROOT (subs.):
     I Lit.: bhūlam, r. of a tree: tarumūlam, Sa.; a hurricane does not pluck up grass by the r.: tṛṇāni nonmūlayati prabhañjanaḥ, H. ii. 81. Ph.: Fibrous r.: śiphā or jaṭā; bulbous r.: kanda (mn.).
     II Fig.: mūlam, the r. of faults: mūlaṃ doṣasya, Ki. xi. 20.; with pure progeny from the r.: āmūlaśuddhasantati, Sa. vi. 28.; destroying by the r.: samūlaghātamaghnantaḥ, Si. ii. 33.; firmly taken r.: sthirabaddhamūla (f. ), B. xi. 5.: v. Also cause, source.
     III In arith.: mūlam, cube r.: ghanamūlam, Li.; to extract a r.: mūlīkaroti, A.c.
     IV Of words: prakṛtiḥ. Ph.: verbal r.: dhātuḥ; secondary r.: nāmadhātuḥ; names are derived from r. s: nāma ca dhātujam, Kāśikā.

ROOT (v.): mūlaṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.). R. ed:
     1 baddhamūla (f. );
     2 rūḍhamūla (f. ), M.n. on Si. i. 38. R. up or out: unmūlayati.

ROOTLET: śiphā or jaṭā (= fibrous root).

ROPE:
     1 rajjuḥ;
     2 dāman (nf.): v. Also band.

ROPE-DANCER:
     1 kalāyanaḥ;
     2 sūtrāyaṇaḥ.

ROPE-WALK: perh. rajjuśālā rajjunirmāṇaśālā, etc.

ROPINESS: cikkaṇatā: v. Stinginess, adhesiveness.

[Page 605]

ROPY: fig.: cikkaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Glutinous, viscous.

ROSARY:
     I Lit.: perh. sevatogrāmaḥ.
     II Devotional:
     1 akṣamālā;
     2 akṣasūtram;
     3 japamālā.

ROSE:
     1 sevatī;
     2 śatapatrī;
     3 lākṣā, Bha.; oil of r.: lākṣātailam (?); r. -water: sevatītailam (?). China-r.: javā(). R. -apple (both the tree and its fruit) jambūḥ. R. -wood: dāruviśeṣaḥ.

ROSEATE: v. Rosy.

ROSEMARY: latāviśeṣaḥ.

ROSIN: v. Resin.

ROSTRUM:
     I Platform: pīṭhaḥ.
     II Beak: cañcuḥ.

ROSY:
     1 pāṭala (f. );
     2 rājat (f. ntī = blooming).

ROT (v.):
     I Intrans:
     1 pūtībhavati (= putrefy);
     2 galati (gal, c. 1. = be decomposed).
     II Trans.:
     1 pūtīkaroti;
     2 gālayati (c. of gal). For fig. sense: v. To spoil, corrupt.

ROTATION:
     I Revolution: q. v.: cakrabhramaṇam, from the r. of the planets round the earth: grahāṇāṃ bhūmeḥ parito bhramaṇataḥ, A.c.
     II Succession: paryāyavṛttiḥ, in r.: paryāyeṇa.

ROTATORY, ROTARY: r. motion cakrabhramaṇam.

ROTE:
     1 āvṛttiḥ;
     2 abhyāsaḥ. Ph.: learnt by r.:
     1 mukhastha (f. sthā):
     2 kaṇṭhastha (f. sthā).

ROTTEN:
     I Putrid: pūta (f. ).
     II Defective, spoiled: duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

ROTTENNESS:
     I Putridity: pūtiḥ.
     II Unsoundness: duṣṭatā.

ROTUNDA (o): perh. sarvatobhadram, Mat. 253. ch.

ROTUNDITY: vartulatā: v. Roundness.

ROUGE (v.): mañjiṣṭhādinā rañjayati anu- (rañj, c. 10.).

ROUGH:
     I To the touch:
     1 bandhu(ndhu)ra (f. );
     2 viṣama (f. ), you will have r. steps: padāni khalu te viṣamībhavanti, Sa. iv. 14.;
     3 natonnata (f. = up and down).
     II Harsh, severe: q. v.:
     1 ru(rū)kṣa (f. kṣā), r. mind: rūkṣacetas (mfn.), K.
     2 karkaśa (f. śā).
     III Coarse, clumsy: q. v.: sthūla (f. ), r. measurement: sthūlamānam, Li.
     IV Tempestuous, boisterous: q. v.: kṣubdha (f. bdhā), saṃ- pra- vi-, r. sea: kṣubdhārṇavaḥ, V.p.

ROUGH-CAST:
     I Subs.: sthulalepaḥ (?).
     II Verb: sthūlalepena limpati vi-, (lip, c. 6.): v. Also to whitewash.

ROUGH-DRAW: perh. sthūlam or mandaṃ likhati ā- (likh, c. 6.).

ROUGHEN:
     I Trans.:
     1 bandhurīkaroti;
     2 rūkṣīkaroti, etc., the body r. ed with dust: pāṃśurūkṣīkṛtāṅga (f. ṅgī), Mr. x. 2.: for dif.: v. Rough.
     II Intrans:
     1 bandhurībhavati;
     2 rūkṣībhavati; etc.

ROUGH-HEW: perh. sthūlaṃ takṣati (takṣ, c. 1.) or vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).

ROUGHLY:
     I To the touch: expr. by adj.
     II Harshly, severely:
     1 rūkṣam;
     2 karkaśam;
     3 paruṣam.
     III Coursely: sthūlam.

ROUGHNESS:
     I Unevenness:
     1 bandhu(ndhū)ratā;
     2 vaiṣamyam.
     II Harshness, severity:
     1 raukṣyam or ru()kṣatā -tvam;
     2 kārkaśyam or karkaśatā -tvam.
     III Coarseness: sthūlatā.
     IV Tempestuousness: kṣubdhatā saṃ- vi- pra-.

ROUGH-SHOD:
     1 baddhanāla (f. : (?);
     2 sanāla (f. : (?); etc.

ROUND (adj.):
     I Circular, globular:
     1 vartula (f. );
     2 by golaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Globe, globular:
     3 vṛttākāra (f. ) and sim. comp. s, the r. earth: vṛttākāro bhūgolaḥ, A.c.
     II Complete: samagra (f. grā), in r. numbers: sabhagrasaṃkhyayā.
     III Decided, frank: q. v.

ROUND (subs.):
     I A circle, globe: q. v.: maṇḍalam, to go r. s: maṇḍalaśaścarati, Mah.
     II Circuit: q. v.: paribhramaṇam.
     III Revolution: q. v.: paribhramaṇam.
     IV Cycle, succession: q. v.: paryāyaḥ.
     V A r. dance: maṇḍalanṛtyam.
     VI Of a ladder: bhaṅgiḥ: v. Step.

ROUND (prop.):
     1 pari- in comp., to go r.: paryeti, Su. xii. 16.;
     2 paritaḥ (with acc.): v. Around.

ROUND (adv.):
     1 pari- in comp., to move r.: paryaṭati, Su. xii. 19.;
     2 maṇḍalaśaḥ (= circularly r. and r.): v. Also around. Ph.: all the year r.: samagravarṣam, and sim. comp. s.

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ROUND (v.):
     I To make r.: vartulīkaroti, and sim. deriv.
     II To encircle, surround: q. v.: parigacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     III To finish, complete: q. v.: samādadhāti (dhā, c. 3.). Ph.: well-r. ed: saṃskṛta (f. ).

ROUNDABOUT (adj.): vakra (f. krā): v. Circuitous, crooked.

ROUNDLY:
     I Plainly, openly: q. v.: spaṣṭam.
     II Briskly, vigorously: q. v.: vāmam.
     III Circularly: maṇḍalaśaḥ.

ROUNDNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 vartulatā;
     2 golatā;
     3 vṛttākāratā; etc.
     II Neatness, finish: q. v.: saṃskāraḥ.
     III Plainness: spaṣṭatā.

ROUSE: bodhayati (c. of budh): v. To arouse, excite, awake.

ROUT (subs.):
     I Mob, crowd: q. v.: janasaṃmardaḥ, and sim. comp. s.
     II Defeat: q. v.: bhaṅgaḥ.
     III Noise, uproar: q. v.: kolāhalaḥ.

ROUT (v.): bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7.): v. To defeat, beat.

ROUTE: pathin (m.): v. Road, way.

ROUTINE: kramaḥ: v. Course. Ph.: r. work: nityakarman (n.) and sim. comp. s.

ROVE: paryaṭati (aṭ, c. 1.): v. To roam, wander.

ROVER:
     I Wanderer: q. v.
     II Robber: q. v.: lubdhaḥ -kaḥ.

ROVING (subs.):
     1 paryaṭanam;
     2 paribhramaṇam.

ROW (v.):
     1 vāhayati (c. of vah);
     2 prerayati, (īr, c. 10.);
     3 codayati saṃ- pra- (cud, c. 10.), r ed by boat-men: nāvikaiścoditā, Ram. ii. 52. 15. Ph.: by r. ing: dāśānāṃ bhujavegena, Mah. i. 148. 20.

ROW (subs.):
     I Line:
     1 paṃktiḥ;
     2 śreṇiḥ(ṇī);
     3 rājiḥ.
     II Disturbance, quarrel: q. v.: kalahaḥ, U. vi. 39.

ROWEL: perh. kaṇṭaka (mn.): v. Also spur.

ROWER:
     1 potavāhaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 nāvikaḥ (= sailor): v. To row.

ROYAL:
     1 by com., r. edifice: rājabhavanam: v. King, queen;
     2 rājārha (f. rhā); rājayogya (f. gyā), and sim. comp. s (= worthy of a king);
     3 rājakīya (f. ) and sim. deriv. (= belonging to a king).

ROYALIST: rāja- (or rājñī-) anugata (f. ) and. sim. comp. s.

ROYALLY:
     1 rājavat, Si. xv. 15.;
     2 nṛpavat;
     3 rājārham nṛpayogyam, and sim. comp. s (= befitting a king).

ROYALTY:
     1 rājatvam -tā, and sim. comp. s., r. by birth: garbheśvaratvam, K.: v. King;
     2 rājamahimā (= majesty) and sim. comp. s., r. is inaccessible: durāsado rājamahimā, Mal.;
     3 by comp., ensigns of r.: rājalakṣaṇāni (n. pl.).

RUB (v.):
     I In gen.: gharṣati ut- ni- vini- saṃ-, (ghṛṣ, c. 1.), r. bed diadems: cūḍāmaṇibhirudghṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), R. xvii. 28.; r. bing his ring against a bed of red arsenic: nighṛṣyāṅguliṃ manaḥśilāgirau, Ram. ii. 105. 17.
     II To besmear: q. v.: abhyanakti (añj, c. 7.).
     III To shampoo: q. v.: saṃvāhayati (c. of vah).
     IV To r. down, out, off, away, i. e. to cleanse, erase: q. v.: pra-mārṣṭi or mārjayati (mṛj, c. 2. and c. 10).
     V To r. off, i. e. wear away: q. v.: kṣīyate (pass. of kṣī).

RUB (subs.):
     I The act;
     1 gharṣaḥ -ṇam ni- vini- ut- saṃ-;
     2 saṃvāhanam;
     3 abhyañjanam;
     4 saṃmārjanam: for dif.: v. To rub.
     II Obstruction, difficulty: q. v.: antarāyaḥ.

RUBBER:
     I Lit.: gharṣaka (f. rṣikā), etc.
     II Whetstone: śāṇaḥ.
     III A towel: mārjanī.
     IV In cards: *saṃgharṣaḥ.

RUBBING (subs.): v. Rub (I).

RUBBISH:
     1 apa(va)skaraḥ;
     2 ucchiṣṭham (= refuse).

RUBBISHY: i. e. worthless: q. v.: asāra (f. ).

RUBICUND:
     1 ārakta (f. ktā);
     2 riṣdrakta (f. ktā); etc.

RUBRIC:
     1 vyavasthā;
     2 vidhiḥ (= injunction).

RUBY:
     I Subs.;
     1 padmarāgaḥ;
     2 māṇikyam;
     3 tāmrāśmaḥ and sim. comp. s (poet.).
     II Adj.:
     1 māṇikyadyuti (mfn.) and sim. comp. s (in colour);
     2 padmarāga, etc. in comp. (= of r. ies).

RUCK:
     I Fold, wrinkle: bhaṅgiḥ (?).
     II =mob: q. v.

RUDDER:
     1 aritram, with r. s moving constantly on both sides like feet: lolairaritraiścaraṇairivābhitaḥ, Si. xii. 71.;
     2 kenipātaḥ -kaḥ, A.

RUDDINESS: raktiman: v. Redness.

RUDDY: rakta (f. ktā): v. Red.

RUDE:
     I Uncivil, impolite, insolent: q. v.:
     1 avinīta (f. );
     2 aśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II Boorish, unpolished:
     1 grāmya- in comp.;
     2 asaṃskṛta (f. ).
     III Rough, clumsy: q. v.: sthūla (f. ).

RUDELY: expr. by adj.: v. Also insolently, roughly.

RUDENESS:
     1 aśiṣṭatā;
     2 avinītatā;
     3 grāmyatā;
     4 sthūlatā: for dif.: v. Rude.

RUDIMENT:
     1 ārambhaḥ pra-: v. Beginning;
     2 upakramaḥ, r. s of grammar: upakramaṇikā, Vidyāsāgara;
     3 bījam (= germ, seed: q. v.)

RUDIMENTARY:
     1 ādi- in comp.: v. First;
     2 apakva (f. kvā = immature).

RUE:
     I Subs., potherb: brāhmī.
     II Verb: śocati (śuc, c. 1.): v. To mourn, repent.

RUEFUL: śokākula (f. ): v. Mournful, sorrowful.

RUFF:
     I A collar: galabandhaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A bird: kapotajātīyapakṣiviśeṣaḥ.
     III A fish: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

RUFFIAN:
     1 ātatāyin (m.);
     2 dasyuḥ;
     3 sāhasikaḥ.

RUFFIANLY: r. conduct: v. Savage, wicked.

RUFFLE (v.):
     I To fold, wrinkle: q. v.
     II To agitate, discompose, throw into confusion: q. v.: kṣobhayati vi- saṃ- pra-, r. d: kṣubdha (f. bdhā), kṣobhaṃ gata (f. ), etc.

RUFFLE (subs.):
     I Frill: phullāñcalaḥ (?).
     II Agitation, commotion: q. v.: kṣobhaḥ saṃ- vi-.
     III Fold, plait: bhaṅgiḥ.

RUG:
     1 kambalaḥ (= shawl);
     2 āstaraḥ -ṇam, (= carpet).

RUGGED:
     I Lit.:
     1 bandhu(ndhū)ra (f. );
     2 natonnata (f. );
     3 viṣama (f. ).
     II Harsh, rude: q. v.: karkaśa (f. śā).

RUGGEDNESS:
     1 bandhuratā (as of surface);
     2 karkaśatā: v. Harshness, roughness, rudeness.

RUIN (subs.):
     I Destruction: q. v.:
     1 nāśaḥ vi- pra-, not going to r.: avināśin (f. ), M. n.;
     2 dhvaṃsaḥ vi- pra-, my heart would go to r.: dhvaṃseta me hṛdayam, Ki. xi. 57.: v. Defeat, overthrow. Ph.: in r. s:
     1 jīrṇa (f. rṇā), a garden in r. s: jīrṇodyānam, Mu. ii.;
     2 viśīrṇa (f. rṇā), with hundreds of buildings almost in r. s: viśīrṇakalpāṭṭaśata (f. ), R. xvi. 11.
     II Defilement: q. v.: nāśaḥ.

RUIN (v. t.): nāśayati vi- pra-, (c. of naś): v. To destroy, annihilate, defile, injure, overthrow.

RUINED, BE: naśyati vi- pra-, (naśa, c. 4.), you are r. for ten sovereigns: vinaṣṭo'si daśasvarṇasya kāraṇāt, Mr. ii. 10.: v. Destroyed (be).

RUINOUS:
     I Destructive, injurious: q. v.: vināśin (f. ).
     II Characterized by or composed by ruin: nāśa, etc. in comp.: v. Ruin.

RUINOUSLY: expr. by pres. part.

RULE (subs.):
     I Reign, government: q. v.: śāsanam.
     II Regulation, precept: q. v.:
     1 vidhiḥ. Ph.: conversant with the r. s of grammar: śabdaśāsanavid (mfn.), Si. xiv. 34.;
     2 sūtram (= aphorism).
     III An instrument: v. Ruler.
     IV Standard measure: pramāṇam. Ph.: r. of three (in arith.): trairāśikam; inverse r. of three: vyastatrairāśikam, Li.; double r.: pañcarāśikam saptarāśikam, etc.

RULE (v.):
     I To reign, govern: q. v.: śāsti pra-, (śās, c. 2.).
     II To regulate, check: q. v.: śāsti.
     III To lay down as in a decision: perh. śāsti; vyavasthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     IV To mark with lines: perh. rekhābhir aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.).

RULER:
     I Governor:
     1 śāsaka (f. sikā), pra-;
     2 pālayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 śāsitṛ (f. trī), the r. of the ill-behaved: durvinītānāṃ śāsitā, Sa. i. 26.
     II An intsrument: *rekhālekhanī.

RULING (adj.):
     I Lit.: v. To rule, reign.
     II Predominant, chief: q. v.: prabala (f. ).

RUM: śīdhuḥ, old r.: purāṇaśīdhuḥ, R. xvi. 52.

RUMBLE (v.): rasati vi-, (ras, c. 1.): v. To roar.

RUMBLING (subs.): nirghoṣaḥ: v. Roar, noise.

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RUMINATE:
     I Lit.:
     1 romanthāyate:
     2 romantham abhyasyati (as, c. 4.), karoti, etc.
     II To meditate, think over: q. v.:
     1 anudhyāyati (dhyai, c. 1.);
     2 saṃcintayati (cint, c. 10.).

RUMINATING, RUMINANT (adj.): expr. by verb.

RUMINATION:
     I Lit.: romanthaḥ.
     II Meditation: q. v.: anudhyānam.

RUMMAGE (v.):
     I Verb: astavyastaṃ kṛtvā nipuṇam anviṣyati (iṣ, c. 4.): v. To search.
     II Subs., r. ing: expr. by verb or circumlo.

RUMOUR (subs.):
     1 lokapravādaḥ and sim. comp. s, the r. spread on all sides: pratidiśaṃ lokavādaḥ prāsarpat, D. viii.;
     2 kiṃvadantī;
     3 janaśrutiḥ;
     4 janaravaḥ.

RUMOUR (v.): expr. by subs., it is r. ed: astīyaṃ janaśrutiḥ.

RUMP (subs.): sphic (f.): v. Also buttock.

RUMPLE:
     I Verb: saṃpuṭīkaroti: v. Also wrinkle, contract.
     II Subs., fold, plait: bhaṅgiḥ.

RUN (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 dhāvati pra- pari- (dhāv, c. 1.), r. ning through the skies: gīrvāṇavartmaṇā dhāvan, K. ii.;
     2 dravati vi-, (dru, c. 1.), they ran out of fear: dudruvuste bhayāt, Mah.
     II To go, pass:
     1 gacchati (gam, c. 1.): v. To go;
     2 dhāvati (rare), for the road which runs to it: adhvane tatra dhāvite, N. xvii. 114.;
     3 vahati (vah, c. 1.), which r.s through Kalinda: kalindāntaravāhinī, Mat.: v. To flow.
     III To melt: q. v.: dravati. Ph.: r. to seed: bījāni bhavanti (with gen.).

RUN (v. t.):
     I Lit.: dhāvayati saṃ- (c. of dhāv), if I ride and r. you: yadyahaṃ tava pṛṣṭhe samāruhya dhāvayāmi, P. iv. 7.
     II To cause to go, move: cālayati saṃ-, (c. of cal).
     III To drive: q. v.: vāhayati (c. of vaha).

RUN ABOUT:
     1 pari- or samabhi- dhāvati;
     2 pra-dravati.

RUN AFTER:
     1 anu-dhāvati, ran a. deer: mṛgamanvadhāvat, Mah.:
     2 anudravati: v. To pursue.

RUN AGAINST or TOWARDS:
     1 abhi- or pratidhāvati, r. ning a. him: abhidhāvan, Ki. xiii. 2.;
     2 abhi- upa- samupa- or prati-dravati, or ran a. the river: nadīṃ nu pratyadudruvat, B. vi. 17.

RUN AWAY:
     1 apadhāvati (rare), M. viii. 54.;
     2 dravati vi- ā- pra-: v. Also to flee.

RUN DOWN:
     I Lit.: vidravati: v. To r. after.
     II To crush, decry.: q. v.: mṛdrāti ava-, (mṛd, c. 9.).

RUN INTO:
     I Lit.: dravati, rivers r. i. the ocean: nadyaḥ samudraṃ dravanti, G. ii. 28.
     II = to become: q. v.: r. i. debt: ṛṇagrasta (f. stā).

RUN ON:
     I Lit.: pradhāvati.
     II To continue, go on: q. v.

RUN OUT:
     1 avasīyate: v. To end;
     2 kṣīyate (pass. = be exhausted).

RUN OVER:
     I To overflow: q. v.
     II To trample: avamṛdrāti.
     III To go over cursorily: drutaṃ nirvācayati (c. of vac).

RUN UP: vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.): v. To increase.

RUN (subs.):
     I R. ning:
     1 dhāvanam pra-;
     2 dravaḥ -ṇam vi- (sp. r. away).
     II Flow: q. v.: pravāhaḥ.
     III Extent, reach: q. v.
     IV Prevalence: pracāraḥ. Ph.: in the long r.: perh. avaśeṣe; the ordinary r. of mankind: sādhāraṇam -ṇalokāḥ.

RUNAGATE, RUNAWAY:
     1 vidruta (f. );
     2 apadhāvita (f. (?): v. Fugitive.

RUNDLE:
     1 vibhaṅgaḥ;
     2 bhaṅgiḥ: v. Step.

RUNLET:
     1 nimnagā;
     2 kṛsarit (f.) and sim. comp. s.

RUNNER:
     I Lit.: dhāvaka (f. vikā), pra-.
     II Courier: jaṅkākārikaḥ.
     III A branch: prarohaḥ.

RUPEE:
     1 perh. ṭaṅkaḥ;
     2 rū(rau)pyamudrā.

RUPTURE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bhedaḥ;
     2 sphoṭaḥ -nam (= bursting).
     II Fig, breach: bhedaḥ, r. between friends: suhṛdbhedaḥ, H.: v. Quarrel.
     III Hernia: q. v.

RUPTURE (v.):
     1 bhinati (bhid, c. 7.): v. To break;
     2 sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ): v. To burst.

RURAL:
     1 grāmya (f. myā): v. Village, rustic;
     2 jānapada (f. ), r. priest: jānapado vipraḥ, R. xv. 42.

RUSE: chalam: v. Stratagem, deceit, artifice.

RUSH (v.): vegena dhāvati (dhāv, c. 1. = to run: q. v.) or gacchati (gam, c. 1.: lit. = to go: q. v.) or patati ā- ni- pra- (pat, c. 1.: lit. = to fall), r. ing headlong into the stream of arrows: vegena pratimukhametya bāṇanadyāḥ, Ki. xvii. 63.; an arrow r. ed out of the Pināka: nipapāta (ādadhāva, M.n.) javādiṣuḥ pinākāt, K. xiii. 20.; Arjuna r. ed forth to take the arrow: āpapāta pārthaḥ śaraṃ jidhṛkṣuḥ, 32.

RUSH (subs.):
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II Impetuosity: mahāvegaḥ.
     II A grass: tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ.

RUSHINGLY:
     1 mahāvegena;
     2 mahājavena; etc.

RUSHLIGHT: tṛṇālokaḥ and sim. comp. s. (?).

RUSHY: *rāsamaya (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

RUSK: a buiscit: *ruṣkam.

RUSSET:
     I Adj.:
     1 kapiśa (f. śā);
     2 śyāva (f. ).
     II Subs.: an apple: phalaviśeṣaḥ.

RUST (v.): expr. by subs. or adj.: v. Rust, -y.

RUST (subs.):
     I Of iron:
     1 kiṭṭam;
     2 maṇḍūram;
     3 siṃhānam (-ṇam) (rare).
     II In gen.: malam "malaṃ pṛthivyā vāhīkāḥ", Mah. viii. 45. 23.

RUSTIC:
     1 grāmya (f. myā), you will know that men are not r. s: agrāmyatāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ jñāsyasi, K.;
     2 grāmika (f. );
     3 grāmīya (f. );
     4 grāmīṇa (f. ṇā), r. maidens: grāmīṇavadhvaḥ, Si. xii. 37.

RUSTICATE (v.):
     I Trans.: nirvāsayati (c. of vas): v. To banish.
     II To dwell in the country: janapade vasati (vas, c. 1.).

RUSTICATION: nirvāsanam: v. Banishment.

RUSTICITY:
     1 grāmyatā;
     2 grāmyabhāvaḥ;
     3 grāmikatā (?).

RUSTLE:
     1 marmarāyate (nomi.);
     2 marmaraśabdaṃ karoti.

RUSTLING:
     I Subs.: marmaraḥ.
     II Adj.:
     1 marmara (f. ), r. leaves: marmarapatra-, Ku. iii. 31;
     2 marmaraśabdavat (f. ), M. n.

RUSTY:
     1 malina (f. );
     2 malīmasa (f. );
     3 kalaṅkita (f. ).

RUT:
     I Of animals: vyavāyaḥ: v. Copulation.
     II Of wheels: gartaḥ (= hole).

RUTHLESS: nirdaya (f. ): v. Merciless, unkind.

RUTHLESSLY: nirdayam: v. Mercilessly, unkindly.

RUTTISH:
     1 madonmatta (f. ttā);
     2 madotkaṭa (f. ṭā); and sim. comp. s.

RYOT: karṣakaḥ: v. Cultivator.


SABAOTH: devasenā sim. comp. s: v. Army.

SABBATARIAN: viśrāmavārasevin (f. ) and sim. comp. s (?).

SABBATH: viśrāmavāraḥ or -vāsaraḥ (?).

SABBATIC, -AL: expr. by comp.: v. Sabbath.

SABLE (adj.): śyāma (f. ): v. Dark, black.

SABLE (subs.):
     I An animal: *śyāmakaḥ.
     II Its fur: *śyāmakam -loman (n.).
     III A robe: śyāmaveṣaḥ (?).

SABOT: kāṣṭhapādukāviśeṣaḥ.

SABRE:
     I Subs.: nirstriṃśaḥ: v. Sword, scimitar.
     II Verb: khaṅgena or nistriṃśena śiraśchinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To cut off.

SACCHARINE: perh. śārkara (f. ) or śārkarika (f. ): v. Sugar.

SACERDOTAL: expr. by comp.: v. Priest, -hood.

SACHEL:
     1 bhastrā;
     2 kṣudrakoṣaḥ.

SACK (v.):
     1 luṇṭhati (luṇṭh, c. 1.): v. To plunder;
     2 upaplavate (plu, c. 1.).: v. To depredate.

SACK (subs.):
     I A canvas bag: goṇī, buying s. s: goṇīḥ krītvā, D.
     II Plunder, devastation: q. v.: ghātaḥ.
     III A garment: śāṇī (?).

SACK-CLOTH: śāṇam (= canvas);
     2 goṇīpaṭaḥ (?).

SACKBUT: vādyaviśeṣaḥ.

SACKER:
     1 luṇṭhāka (f. );
     2 ghātaka (f. tikā).

SACKING (subs.):
     I Sack: q. v.
     II Sackcloth: q. v.

SACRAMENT: perh. saṃskāraḥ, s. of baptism *jalasaṃskāraḥ.

SACRAMENTAL: expr. by comp., s. rite: saṃskāravidhiḥ (?).

SACRED:
     1 puṇya (f. ṇyā), the most s. Brahmakshetra: brahmakṣetraṃ mahāpuṇyam, Mah. iii. 83. 6.; s. history: puṇyā saṃhitā, i.
     I 21.: v. Holy;
     2 pavitra (f. trā), s. waters: payaḥ pavitram, R. v. 59.; s. throughout the world: jagatpavitra (f. trā), Si. iii. 2.: v. Pure;
     3 medhya (f. dhyā: rare), full of sweet and s. flavours: svādumedhyarasopeta (f. ), Mah. i. 93.: v. Also religious, inviolable.

SACREDLY:
     1 paramabhaktayā;
     2 sāgraham (= scrupulously).

SACREDNESS:
     1 puṇyatā -tvam;
     2 pavitratā -tvam;
     3 medhyatā -tvam;
     4 better by adj.

SACRIFICE (subs.):
     I The ceremony:
     1 yajñaḥ;
     2 kratuḥ;
     3 yāgaḥ;
     4 ijyā;
     5 homaḥ;
     6 makhaḥ;
     7 satram;
     8 savanam;
     9 adhvaraḥ: for dif.: v. Special works. Ph.: horse-s.: aśvamedhaḥ; human-s.: naramedhaḥ; imperial-s.: rājasūyaḥ; present at i.-s.: rājasūyakīḥ dakṣiṇāḥ, Si. xiv. 33.
     II Offering, oblation: q. v.:
     1 utsargaḥ (= abandonment, giving up: q. v.), s. of things in the name of gods is s.: devatoddeśena dravyatyāgo yāgaḥ, M.n. on Si. xiv. 20.;
     2 ālambhaḥ sam- (= killing: of animals).
     III In gen.:
     1 utsargaḥ, s. one's self: ātmotsargaḥ: v. Surrender, destruction;
     2 vyayaḥ (= expense: q. v.), at the s. of life: prāṇavyayenāpi, Mu.

SACRIFICE (v.): yajati -te (yaj, c. 1.: religious), let the son of Pāṇdu s.: yajatāṃ pāṇḍavaḥ, Si. ii. 65.; what (men) s., give here: yadyajanti dadatīha, He.;
     2 tyajati (tyaj, c. 1. = to abandon, give up: q. v.), s. d things to gods: atyajan (ayajan, M.n.) dravyajātamapadiśya devatāḥ. Si. xiv. 20.; s. s (his) life: tyajati prāṇān, Mu. i. 24.;
     3 ālabhate sam-, (labh, c. 1. = to kill), Brāhmins s.d the horse according to the prescribed rite: taṃ turaṅgaṃ yathāśāstramābhanta dvijātayaḥ, Mah. xiv. 89. 1.;
     4 śrapayati saṃ- (= 3), 2. ; v. Also to offer.

SACRIFICER:
     1 yājaka (f. jikā = sacred s.) ; v. Priest;
     2 yajamāna (f. - lay s.), Si. xiv. 22.;
     3 yaṣṭṛ (f. ṣṭrī = 1 and 2);
     4 in gen. expr. by verb: v. To sacrifice.

SACRIFICIAL:
     1 by comp., s. vessel: yajñapātram; s. ground: yajñasaṃstaraḥ, Mah.; s. work: yajñakarman (n.), Si. xiv. 1.;
     2 yajñiya (f. ).

SACRILEGE:
     1 devasvāpahāraḥ or -haraṇam, and sim. comp. s.;
     2 dūṣaṇam (= profanation, polluted).

SACRILEGIOUS: pāṣaṇḍa- in comp.: v. Also impious.

SACRILEGIOUSLY:
     1 pāṣaṇḍavat;
     2 dharmaṃ nihatya and sim. comp. s.

SACRISTY: puṇyaśālā -āgāram, and sim. comp. s. (??).

SAD:
     I Mournful: q. v.:
     1 śokākula (f. );
     2 viṣaṇṇa (f. ṇṇā dejected);
     3 mlāna (f. ), pari- (= drooping, gloomy: as of the countenance).
     II Causing sorrow:
     1 śocanīya (f. ), pari-;
     2 śokāvaha (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     III Naughty, wicked: q. v.

SADDEN: viṣaṇṇīkaroti: v. To grieve, deject.

SADDLE (subs.):
     1 paryāṇam, mounting the s. d Rainbow: āropitaparyāṇamindrāyudhamāruhya, K.; took of the s. from Rainbow: vyapanītaparyāṇamindrāyudhamakarot, R.;
     2 palya(rya)yanam, Ph.: both in s. and in harness: pṛṣṭheṣu ca ratheṣu ca, Mah. iv. 3. 5.

SADDLE (v.):
     I Lit.: paryāṇam āropayati (c. of ruh), dadāti (, c. 3.), etc. (with loc.), K. ; v. To put.
     II Fig.: expr. with bhāraḥ (= burden) or by circumlo.

SADDLE-BAG: perh. palyayana- or paryāṇagoṇī.

SADDLE-BOW: palyayana- or paryāṇa-mukham (?).

SADDLE-HORSE: perh. vāhāśvaḥ and sim. comp. s. Ph.: good s.: sādhuvāhin (m.), A.

SADDLER: paryāṇa- or palyayana-kāraḥ (f. : (?).

SADDUCEE: a sect: *siddhakāma (f. ).

SADLY:
     I Mournfully:
     1 saśokam;
     2 by adj.
     II Strongly: balavat.

SADNESS:
     1 viṣādaḥ;
     2 viṣaṇṇatā;
     3 śokākulatā and sim. deriv.: v. Sorrowfulness.

SAFE (adj.):
     1 surakṣita (f. = well-protected), and naturally s.: prakṛtyā ca surakṣitam, Mah. iii. 15. 17.;
     2 sustha (f. sthā = uninjured, as of parts: v. Healthy, well);
     3 alaṅghya (f. ṅghyā = inviolable), we are made s. against the enemies of gods: tridaśapratipakṣasyālaṅghanīye kṛte svaḥ, V. ii.;
     4 nirābādha (f. dhā), asambādha (f. dhā), and sim. comp. s. (rare).

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SAFE (subs.):
     1 lauhapeṭikā (= iron chest);
     2 koṣṭhaḥ (for stores).

SAFE-CONDUCT: abhayapatram and sim. comp. s (??).

SAFEGUARD:
     1 rakṣā abhi- saṃ-;
     2 guptiḥ: v. Protection.

SAFELY:
     1 nirābādham;
     2 asambādham;
     3 akṣatam.

SAFETY:
     1 rakṣā (= protection);
     2 gen. expr. by adj.: v. Safe. Ph.: to promise s.: abhayaṃ dadāti; in s.: v. Safely.

SAFETY-VALVE: *rakṣāvidhānam.

SAFFLOWER: kusumbham, dyed with s.: kausumbha (f. mbhī).

SAFFRON: kuṅkumam "bāhlīkadeśasañjātaṃ kuṅkumaṃ pāṇḍuraṃ matam" Bha.; dark-red with s.: kuṅkumāruṇa (f. ṇā), Ki. ix. 23.

SAGACIOUS:
     1 tīkṣṇabuddhi (mfn.);
     2 sūkṣmadhī (n. dhi);
     3 catura (f. = cunning);
     4 kuśāgra- (or -grīya) -mati (mfn. = very s.).

SAGACIOUSLY:
     1 tīkṣṇabuddhyā;
     2 sūkṣmadhiyā, etc.

SAGACITY:
     1 tīkṣṇabuddhiḥ;
     2 sūkṣmadhīḥ;
     3 kuśāgramatiḥ, etc.

SAGE:
     I Wise: q. v.: prājñaḥ (f. jñā). Ph.: holy s.:
     1 ṛṣiḥ;
     2 muniḥ, even s. s err: "munīnāñca matibhramaḥ."
     II The plant: perh. varvarī.

SAGELY: prājñavat: v. Wisely.

SAGITTARIUS: dhanus (mn.).

SAGO: *sāguḥ (both of the palm and the preparation).

SAIL (subs.):
     I Of a ship:
     1 vātavasanam and sim. comp. s.;
     2 perh. patākā, Mah. i.; Ram. ii. Ph.: to set s.: nāvaṃ muñcati, D. vi.
     II A ship: q. v.: nauḥ.

SAIL (v.):
     I To be impelled by wind: vāyunā codyate (pass. of cud) etc., s. ing against wind: ananukūlavātanunnā, D. vi.: v. To drive.
     II To set on a voyage: potena (= on a boat) or samudreṇa (by sea) gacchati (gam, c. 1. etc.), s. to the island: pravahaṇena dvīpaṃ gaccha, K. s. 25. 36.; s. ed on his ship: tadīyaṃ yānapātramadhiruhya pratasthe'mbudhivartmanā, 40.; s. ing (vessels): samudrayāyin (f. ) and sim. comp.s, M.n.: v. Ship, sea, go, pass.

SAILYARD: *vātavasanasaṃstaraḥ and sim. comp. s.

SAILOR:
     1 nāvikaḥ, D. vi.;
     2 karṇadhāraḥ (prop. = helmsman), K. s. 18. 300.;
     3 potavāhaḥ -kaḥ and sim. comp. s.: v. Ship.

SAINT:
     1 siddhaḥ -janaḥ etc.;
     2 ṛṣiḥ (= sage);
     3 bhagavat (m. = as a title). S. Anthony's fire: udardaḥ.

SAINTED:
     I Sacred: q. v.
     II Of the dead:
     1 muktibhāj (mfn.);
     2 divaṃ gata (f. ); etc.

SAINTLY:
     1 pavitra (f. trā): v. Sacred;
     2 vimala (f. ): v. Pure.

SAKE: Ph.: for the s. of: -artham or -arthe in comp.: v. For (III, II.).

SALACIOUS: kāmuka (f. ): v. Lustful.

SALAD: *śākāvadaṃśaḥ; sāradaḥ.

SALAMANDER: godhāviśeṣaḥ *sauramandraḥ.

SAL-AMMONIAC: naiśadalam.

SALARIED (adj.): vetanabhogin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

SALARY:
     1 vetanam, s. as arranged: yathākṛtaṃ vetanam, N.s.: v. Pay.

SALE: vikrayaḥ, after s.: vikrayānantaram, Bha.; nondelivery after s.: vikrayāsampradānam, Viv.: v. To sell. Underhand s.: avakrayaḥ, Y. ii. 243.

SALEABLE:
     1 vikreyaḥ (yā yaṃ), even a sold article is s...: vikrītamapi vikreyam, Y. ii. 252.;
     2 vikretavya (f. vyā) (rare).

SALESMAN:
     1 vikretṛ (f. trī);
     2 vikrayakārin (f. ṇī); etc.

SALIENT: pradhāna (f. = chief: q. v.).

SALINE: s. taste: lavaṇarasaḥ: v. Salt. Ph.: s. soil:
     1 ūṣaraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 ūṣaḥ(ṣā), V. p. vi. 5. 46.

SALIVA:
     1 lālā;
     2 sṛṇikā (rare).

SALIVARY, SALIVAL: expr. by comp.

SALIVATE: lālāṃ srāvayati (c. of sru).

SALIVATION: lālāsravaḥ or sratiḥ or syandaḥ.

SALLOW:
     1 āpīta (f. = yellowish);
     2 pāṇḍu (mfn. = pale).

SALLOWNESS:
     1 āpītatā;
     2 pāṇḍutā;
     3 vivarṇatā.

SALLY (v.): niṣpatati abhi-, (pat, c. 1.): v. To rush.

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SALLY (subs.):
     I Lit:
     1 niṣpatanam;
     2 prapātaḥ.
     II Fig.: flight:
     1 vilāsaḥ;
     2 vilasitam.

SALMON: rohitanibho matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SALOON: śālā: v. Hall.

SALT (subs.):
     I Lit.: lavaṇam, sea-water is (impregnated) with s. and alkalis: sāmudraṃ jalaṃ sakṣāralavaṇam, Bha.; cooked with s., ginger and asafoetida: siddhā lavaṇārdrakahiṅgubhiḥ, Bha. Ph.: sea-s.: sāmudraṃ lavaṇam or vasiram; black-s.: viḍam; Sambher-s.: vasukam; rock-s.: saindhavam or śītaśivam, A. II. Fig.: lāvaṇyam (?).
     III In chem.: expr. by lavaṇam.

SALT (adj.): lavaṇa- in comp., sea of s.-water: lavaṇodaḥ; s. -mine: lavaṇakhaniḥ; s.-works: lavaṇaśālā (?).

SALT (v.): lavaṇīkaroti or lavaṇayati (nomi. ??).

SALT-CELLAR:
     1 lāvaṇikam, Wilson;
     2 lavaṇabhājanam.

SALTED (adj.):
     1 lāvaṇa (f. ṇī);
     2 lavaṇasaṃsṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) and sim. comp. s.

SALTISH: īṣallavaṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp. s.

SALTNESS:
     1 expr. by lavaṇam;
     2 lavaṇatā -tvam or lāvaṇyam (rare), "lāvaṇyamasti bahu tatra kimatra citram", Amaru.;
     3 lavaṇaḥ(-rasaḥ) (of the taste).

SALTPETRE:
     1 yavakṣāraḥ;
     2 tīkṣṇarasaḥ (rare).

SALUBRIOUS:
     1 svāsthyakara (f. ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 nirāmaya (f. );
     3 anāvila (f. ), M. vii. 69.;
     4 kṣemya (f. myā), M. vii. 212.

SALUBRIOUSLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

SALUBRIOUSNESS, SALUBRITY:
     1 svāsthyakaratā;
     2 nirāmayatā;
     3 anāvilatā; and sim. comp. s.

SALUTARY: kṣemaṅkara (f. ), B. xii. 6. and sim. deriv.: v. Also salubrious, beneficial. useful.

SALUTATION: v. Salute (I).

SALUTE (subs.):
     I Salutation:
     1 abhivādaḥ -nam;
     2 vandanā;
     3 praṇāmaḥ or praṇatiḥ (prop. = bow);
     4 namaskāraḥ (= 3);
     4 namasyā (rare), N. xiv. I. II. Kiss.: q. v.: cumbanam.

SALUTE (v.):
     1 vandate abhi- (vand, c. 1.), I s. the parents of the world: jagataḥ pitarau vande, R.;
     2 abhivādayati -te (c. of vad = to greet: q. v.); I s. thee: abhivādaye, Ve. vi.;
     3 namati pra-, (nam, c. 1.: prop. to make a bow), always s. Suyodhana: praṇamanti sadā suyodhanam; Ki. ii. 44.

SALUTER: expr. by verb.

SALVAGE:
     1 uddhṛtam sam- (of the property);
     2 uddhāraḥ (of the compensation).

SALVATION:
     1 trāṇam pari-;
     2 tāraṇam saṃ-;
     3 uddhāraḥ sam-.

SALVE: añjanam: v. Ointment.

SALVER:
     1 rūpyapātram;
     2 rajatabhājanam; etc.

SALVO:
     I Exception, excuse: q. v.
     II A volley: q. v.

SALVOLATILE: *kṣayyalavaṇam.

SAME:
     I Identical: expr. by tad, it is like it, but not the s.: sadṛśa eṣaḥ na punaḥ saḥ, Mr. ix.; it is certainly the s.: niyataṃ sa eṣaḥ, U. iii. 12.; saying he is the s.: so'yamitīrayitvā, Ma. i. 25.; the order is to go to the very s. place: tatraiva gamanādeśaḥ, Vi. iv. 43.; what I am, the s. is the son of Sun to you: yo'haṃ sūryasutaḥ sa eṣa bhavatām, Vi. v. 55.
     II One, not different:
     1 sa- in certain comp. s. (G. Par. 109. A.), of the s. colour: savarṇa (f. rṇā), Me.; at the s. time: samameva, Ki. xiv. 44.;
     2 ekaḥ (kā kaṃ), living in the s. place: ekāyatanaḥ (nā naṃ), Mah.; in the s. place: ekatra, C. i.; getting on the s. chariot: ekaṃ syandamāsthitau, R. i. 36.
     III Corresponding: samaḥ (mā maṃ) or samānaḥ (nā naṃ): v. Equal, like, Ph.: in the s. manner: tathā tadvat; s. as: yathā...tathaiva.

SAMENESS:
     1 aikyam (= identity);
     2 sāmyam (= similarity);
     3 by circumlo.: v. Same.

SAMPLE: ādarśaḥ: v. Also specimen.

SAMPLER: perh. sūcikarmapratikṛtiḥ, and sim. comp. s.

SANATIVE, SANATORY:
     1 prati(tī)kāra- in comp.;
     2 roganāśana (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

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SANCTIFICATION:
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II The state: pavitratā: v. Sacredness.

SANCTIFIER: expr. by verb.

SANCTIFY:
     1 pavitrayati (nomi.);
     2 puṇyīkaroti;
     3 pavitrīkaroti: v. Also to consecrate, purify.

SANCTIMONIOUS:
     I Sacred: q. v.
     II Hypocrite: q. v.: dāmbhika (f. ).

SANCTIMONY:
     I Sacredness: pavitratā.
     II Assumed: dāmbhikatā.

SANCTION:
     I Subs.: śāsanam (?): v. Permission, ratification.
     II Verb.: śāsti anu-, (śās, c. 2.): v. To permit, confirm.

SANCTITY:
     1 pavitratā: v. Sacredness;
     2 nirmalatā: v. Purity.

SANCTUARY:
     I Of a temple:
     1 garbhāgāram, Wilson;
     2 garbhaḥ, Mat.
     II A temple: q. v.: mahālayaḥ.
     III Refuge: q. v.: śaraṇam.

SAND (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 bāluḥ -kā, fomentation with s.: bālukāsvedaḥ, Bha.; heated s.: karambhabālukā, V. p. vi. 5. 45.;
     2 sikatā (gen. pl.), particles of s.: sikatāṃśavaḥ; even in s.: sikatāsvapi, J. II. In pl., a sandy country: maruḥ -bhūmiḥ, crossing the s. s of Marwar: marudhanvamatikramya, B.p. i. x. 35.

SAND (v.):
     I To cover with s.: sikatābhir āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To cover.
     II To ground on s.: q. v.: to be s. ed: saikate patati.

SAND-GLASS: bālukāyantram, Su. com.

SANDSTONE: sikatopalaḥ, and sim. comp. s. (??).

SANDAL:
     I The tree:
     1 candanaḥ;
     2 raktacandanaḥ (= red s.). N.B. (a) use n. for the wood; (b) used also for the unctuous preparation.
     II A shoe: koṣī(śī).

SANDARAC(CH):
     I A tree: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.
     II Realgar: raktadhātuḥ.

SAND-BLIND: perh. nakulāndha (f. ndhā), Bha.

SANDERS:
     1 raktacandanaḥ (red s.);
     2 pītadruḥ (yellow s.).

SANDY:
     I Lit.:
     1 bālukāmaya (f. );
     2 bālukākīrṇa (f. rṇā); and sim. comp. s.
     II Sand-coloured: bālukānibha (f. bhā) and sim. comp. s.

SANE:
     I Healthy: q. v.: sustha (f. sthā).
     II In mind, not mad:
     1 prakṛtistha (f. sthā), "mamaiṣa putro vāyugrastaściraṃ cikitsitaḥ prakṛtistha eva jātaḥ", D. 11.;
     2 avicalitabuddhi (mfn.), C.s.;
     3 anupahatamanas (mfn.); and sim. comp. s.

SANGUINARY:
     I Of men:
     1 raktapriya (f. ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 jighāṃsu (mfn. = murderous).
     II Of acts: raktadūṣita (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

SANGUINE:
     I Hopeful: q. v.:
     1 āśāvat (f. );
     2 jātāstha (f. sthā), I being s.: jātāsthayā mayā, D. ii.
     II Ardent, deep: q. v.: gāḍha (f. ḍhā).

SANIES: pūyam: v. Pus.

SANITY:
     1 prakṛtisthatā;
     2 susthatā (only of body).

SANSKRIT:
     1 saṃskṛtam;
     2 saṃskārapūtā bhāṣā, and sim. expr. s, praised the bridegroom in s.: saṃskārapūtena varaṃ nunāva, Ku. vii. 90.

SAP:
     I Subs.: rasaḥ.
     II Verb: khanati (khan, c. 1.): v. To undermine.

SAPID: svādu (f. also dvī): v. Tasteful.

SAPIENT: prājña (f. jñā): v. Wise.

SAPLESS:
     1 nīrasa (f. );
     2 virasa (f. ) ; v. Also dry.

SAPLING:
     1 vṛkṣakaḥ, Ku. v. 14.;
     2 bālavṛkṣaḥ and sim. comp. s.

SAPONACEOUS:
     1 medura (f. );
     2 cikkaṇa (f. ṇā.).

SAPPER: khanakaḥ: v. Miner.

SAPPHIC: *sāphava (f. ).

SAPPHIRE: indranīlaḥ or mahānīlaḥ, a bed of s. s: indranīlasthalam, Si. iii. 11.

SAPPY:
     1 rasavat (f. );
     2 sarasa (f. );
     3 rasāḍhya (f. ḍhyā) and sim. comp. s.

SARCASM:
     1 avakṣepaḥ or ākṣepaḥ (= reproach);
     2 vyaṅgoktiḥ (?);
     3 karkaśapari(rī)hāsaḥ and sim. expr. s. (= bitter zest).

SARCASTIC, -AL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 aruntuda (f. = tainting).

SARCASTICALLY:
     1 sāvakṣepam;
     2 sākṣepam;
     3 by adj.

SARCOPHAGUS: a lime-stone: *māṃsādaḥ.

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SARDINE: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SARDONIC: Ph.: s. laugh: vikṛtahāsaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

SARDONYX: a gem: gomedaḥ -kaḥ (?).

SARSA, -PARILLA: utkaṭam (?), Wilson.

SASH (subs.):
     I A belt: perh. parikaraḥ, wearing a s.: baddhaparikara (f. ).
     II Of a window: perh. kācādhāraḥ.

SATAN: *śātanaḥ piśācaḥ (= devil, demon: q. v.).

SATANIC:
     1 paiśāca (f. : demoniac); *śātanīya (f. ).

SATCHEL: v. Sachel.

SATE, -D: v. Satiate, -d.

SATELLITE:
     I Lit.: upagrahaḥ.
     II A dependant: pārśvacaraḥ.

SATIATE: tarpayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of tṛp), s. d forefathers: pitṝnatārpsīt, B. i.: v. To satisfy. Be s. d: tṛpyati saṃ- pari- (tṛp, c. 4.), he was s. d when the rice was entirely finished: saśeṣa andhasyatṛpyata, D. vi.

SATIETY:
     1 tṛptiḥ pari- saṃ-, to receive s.: tṛptimadhigacchati, Mah.;
     2 sauhityam (rare), Vi.;
     3 vaitṛṣṇam.

SATIN: cīnam or cīnāṃśukam: v. Silk.

SATIRE: sākṣepagītam, and sim. comp. s may be used: v. Sarcasm.

SATIRIC, -AL:
     1 expr. by comp.: v. Sarcasm;
     2 sāvakṣepa (f. = reproachful);
     3 sāvahāsa (f. = contemptuous).

SATIRICALLY:
     1 sāvakṣepam (= reproachfully);
     2 sāvahāsam (= contemptuously).

SATIRIS(Z)E: perh. sāvakṣepaṃ bhṛdnāti or mardayati (mṛd, c. 9. and c. 10).

SATIRIST: ākṣepagītakṛt (mfn.), -baddhṛ (f. ddhrī), praṇetṛ (f. trī), etc. (??).

SATISFACTION:
     I Gratification, contentment.
     1 santoṣaḥ or paritoṣaḥ, the old husband could not give her s.: sa vṛddhapatistasyāḥ santoṣāya nābhavat, H. i.;
     2 tuṣṭiḥ saṃ- pari-, deriving s. at night: tuṣṭimupeyuṣāṃ niśi, N. xvi. 111.;
     3 tṛptiḥ saṃ- pari-, great men do not get s. even with the greatest greatness: tṛptiyogaḥ pareṇāpi mahimnā na mahātmanām, Si. ii. 31.
     II As of hunger:
     1 śāntiḥ: v. Mitigation;
     2 nirākaraṇam: v. Removal.
     III As of debts.: śodhaḥ -nam pari-.

SATISFACTORILY: expr. by circumlo. or pres. part.: v. To satisfy.

SATISFACTORY:
     1 gen. expr. by subs. or verb;
     2 upayukta (f. ktā = proper, fit: as a s. reply);
     3 tuṣṭida (f. ), tarpaṇa (f. ṇī), etc. (= satisfying).

SATISFY:
     I In gen.:
     1 pūrayati (pūr, c. 10. = to fill up: of the feelings), my child, s. your curiosity: pūrayatu kutūhalaṃ vatsaḥ. U. iv.;
     2 tarpayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of tṛpa to satiate: as with food), and with various drinks s. ed the great Brahmins: tarpayāmāsa viprendrān peyaiśca bahuvistaraiḥ, Mah. ii. 4. 4.;
     3 toṣayati saṃ- pari-, (c. of tuṣ, = to please, delight: q. v.), you go there and s. him and return quick: tvaṃ tatra gatvā taṃ santoṣya satvaramāgamiṣyasi, H, ii.;
     4 śodhayati (c. of śudh, = to clear: as of debts).
     II To free from doubt: q. v.: pratipādayati (c. of pad = to establish: with acc. of thing and dat. of person). To be s. ed:
     1 tuṣyati saṃ- pari- pra-, (tuṣ, c. 4.), B. xii. 83.;
     2 tṛpyati pari- saṃ- vi-, still not being s. ed: avitṛptatayā (saṃśayagatatvena, M.n.) tathāpi, Ki. ii. 29.

SATRAP:
     1 chatrapaḥ (?);
     2 maṇḍaleśaḥ;
     3 bhogapatiḥ.

SATRAPY:
     1 maṇḍalam (= circle);
     2 pradeśaḥ (= province).

SATURATE: gen. expr. with pluta (f. ), pari- ā- saṃ-: v. To steep.

SATURDAY:
     1 śanivāraḥ;
     2 śanivāsaraḥ and sim. comp. s.

SATURN:
     1 śaniḥ;
     2 śanaiścaraḥ;
     3 śauriḥ (rare).

SATURNALIA: śanaiścaramahotsavaḥ and sim. comp. s. (?).

SATYR: vanadevatā (?); satraḥ (?, satram = wood, Ki. xiii. 9.).

SAUCE: upadaṃśaḥ (= relish); sūpaḥ (= broth).

SAUCEPAN: kholaḥ -kaḥ: v. Also pan.

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SAUCER:
     1 śarāvam (?);
     2 ādhāraḥ (stand: when sense clear).

SAUCILY: dhārṣṭyāt or dhārṣṭyena: v. Impudently, shamelessly.

SAUCY: dhṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Impudent, shameless.

SAUNTER: mandaṃ mandaṃ parikrāmati or -krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.).

SAUSAGE: a kind of food: *śāsajam.

SAVAGE:
     I Wild: q. v.: vanya (f. nyā), like s. Pulindas: vanyaiḥ pulindairivaḥ, R. xvi. 19.
     II Uncivilized, unpolished:
     1 asabhya (f. bhyā);
     2 aśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā). Ph.: Kirātas, Śavaras, and Pulindas are different tribes of s. s: bhedāḥ kirātaśavarapulindā mlecchajātayaḥ, A.: v. Barbarian.
     III Ferocious, cruel: q. v.: krūra (f. ), Si. xv. 8.

SAVAGELY:
     1 krūram;
     2 niṣṭhuram: v. Fiercely, cruelly.

SAVAGENESS:
     1 krauryam: v. Ferocity, cruelly;
     2 asabhyatā (= barbarity);
     3 vanyatā (= wildness).

SAVANT:
     1 paṇḍitaḥ;
     2 budhaḥ -janaḥ: v. Wise.

SAVE (v.):
     I In theological sense:
     1 tārayati nis, (c. of tṝ), instantly s. ed Yayāti: yayātiṃ tārayāmāsurañjasā, Mah. v. 122. 16.;
     2 uddharati or -dhārayati (hṛ, c. 1. and its c., according to its sense), one s. himself: uddharedātmanātmānam, V. c.;
     3 trāti or trāyate pari (trā, c. 2. or trai, c. 1.), s. (me), Lord: trāhi trāhi jagannātha.
     II To preserve:
     1 trāyate, or trāti pari-, s. (your) friend: paritrāyatāṃ suhṛdam, Sa. vi.;
     2 rakṣati pari- saṃ-, (rakṣ, c. 1.), s. him from Bhima: rakṣainaṃ bhīmāt, Ve. iii.: v. Also to protect, deliver.
     III To lay by:
     1 saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.);
     2 rakṣati saṃ-.
     IV To spare: q. v.

SAVE, SAVING (prop.): vihāya apahāya varjayiṃtvā etc.: v. Except; s. attention to elders: gurujanaśuśrūṣāṃ varjayitvā, Na. v.

SAVING (subs.):
     I The act:
     1 trāṇam pari-;
     2 rakṣā saṃ-;
     3 uddhāraḥ sam-;
     4 tāraṇam saṃ-;
     5 sañcayaḥ: for dif.: v. To save.
     II Any thing saved:
     1 sañcita (f. );
     2 rakṣita (f. ).

SAVINGLY: expr. by circumlo.: v. To save, saving.

SAVINGS BANK: sañcitakoṣaḥ and sim. comp. s.: v. Bank.

SAVIOUR:
     1 trātṛ (f. trī), pari-;
     2 trāyaka (f. yikā), pari-;
     3 uddhartṛ (f. rtrī), sam-;
     4 tāraka (f. rikā), nis-;
     4 rakṣitṛ (f. trī), s. of snakes: nāgānāṃ rakṣitā, Na. 77.

SAVORY (subs.): sugandhilatāviśeṣaḥ; *śāvarī.

SAVO(U)R (v. i.):
     I To taste: q. v.; svadate (svad, c. 1.).
     II To smell: q. v.: expr. with gandhaḥ.

SAVO(U)R (subs.):
     I Taste: q. v.: rasaḥ.
     II Smell: q. v.: gandhaḥ.

SAVO(U)RY:
     I Tasty:
     1 sarasa (f. );
     2 svādu (f. also dvī).
     II Fragrant: q. v.: sugandhi (mfn.).

SAVOY: *kabibhedaḥ.

SAW (subs.):
     I The tool:
     1 karapatram, cut off by s. like teeth: dantakarapatranikṛtta-, Vi. v. 29.;
     2 krakacam "krakacavyavahāraḥ", Li.
     II Proverb: q. v.

SAW (v.): krakacena pāṭayati (paṭ, c. 10.), Mr. x. 47. or dārayati (c. of dṝ), s. ing of timber: dārudāraṇam, Li. 200.; wood for s. ing: krākacyaṃ kāṣṭam, Li.

SAWDUST: krakacacūrṇam (?); krākacyakāṣṭhacūrṇam and sim. comp. s.

SAW-FISH: krakacamukhaḥ; matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SAWPIT: krakacagatiḥ and sim. comp. s (??).

SAWYER:
     1 krākacikaḥ, Ram.;
     2 dārudārakaḥ and sim. comp. s.

SAY:
     1 vakti (vac, c. 2.), we s. (= reply), there is omniscient God: ucyate asti sarvajñaṃ brahma, S.; in the first chapter, we have said (= shewn) that God is the cause of the whole world: prathame pāde samastasya jagataḥ kāraṇaṃ brahmetyuktam, S.;
     2 bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.), you better s. whether you can call him a man: puruṣoktiḥ kathaṃ tasmin brūhi, Ki. xi. 71.; they s. (= it is said): āhuḥ, M. ix. 84.;
     3 vadati (vad, c. 1.), s. what has not been taken away: vada kiṃ na me hṛtam, R. viii. 67.; I do not say anything to you: tvāṃ na kiñcidvadāmi, N. iii. 134.;
     4 gadati ni-, (gad, c. 1.), said again to the fine-toothed (lady): bhūyaḥ sudatīṃ jagāda, R. vi. 37.;
     5 bhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1.), again said fearlessly to Indra: punarbabhāṣe'pabhayaḥ purandaram, R. iii. 51.;
     6 bhaṇati (bhaṇ, c. 1.), the daughter of Bhīma said pleased but at the same time ashamed; hrīṇā ca hṛṣṭā ca babhāṇa bhaimī, N. iii. 67.;
     7 kathayati (kath, c. 10. = to tell), s. what for: kathaya kasminnimitte, Mu. i.;
     8 ācaṣṭe (cakṣ, c. 1. = 7.), who s. you are: kā tvamācakṣa, R. xvi. 8.;
     9 śaṃsati ā-, (śaṃs, c. 1. = 7.), swan, say what she told me: kiṃ māmāha sā śaṃsa haṃsa, N. ii. 134.;
     10 abhidadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.: prop. = to address), s. what I shall do for you: tavepsitaṃ kiṃ vidadhe'bhidhehi, N. iii. 52.

SAY, -ING (subs.):
     1 uktiḥ;
     2 vacanam;
     3 vacas (n.);
     4 vākyabh;
     5 vāc (f.);
     6 vādaḥ pra-:
     7 bhāṣitam;
     8 gaditam ni-;
     9 bhaṇitam, etc.

SCAB:
     I A disease: pāman (n.) or pāmā, destroying s.: pāmāharaḥ, Bha.: v. Also itch.
     II A thin coating: kiṇaḥ.
     III A mean fellow: durātman (mfn.).

SCABBARD: koṣaḥ: v. Sheath.

SCABBY:
     1 pāmana (f. );
     2 kacchura (f. );
     3 sidhmala (f. ).

SCABIOUS: kaṇḍumat (f. = itchy), Bha.

SCAFFOLD, -ING (subs.):
     I Lit.: mañcaḥ.
     II For execution: vadhyakāṣṭham (comp. vadhyapuruṣa vadhyabhūmiḥ śīrṣacchedanaśūlaḥ of Mr. x.).

SCALD:
     I Verb: no proper equiv.: taptajalādinā dahati (dah, c. 1. = to burn: q. v.) or glapayati (c. of glai) or mlāpayati pari- (c. of mlā).
     II Subs.: perh. sphoṭaḥ; dāhaḥ (= burnt), P. v. 10.

SCALE (subs.):
     I In pl.- a balance: q. v.: tulā: the fulcrum: dhaṭaḥ, Mit.
     II Its dish:
     1 śikyam (= loop), to put in the s.: śikyam āropayati, V. s.;
     2 pārśvaḥ (= side), Mit.
     III In astro.: tulā,
     IV Of fishes:
     1 śalkam -lam;
     2 valkam -lam.
     V Of serpents: maṇḍalam (= circular spot), Sr.
     VI Of metal etc: patram (= leaf); phalakam (= plate).
     VII A ladder: q. v.: sopānam.
     VIII In music: grāmaḥ, Si. i. 10.
     IX A basis:
     1 Often by mūlam (= root);
     2 parimāṇam or pramāṇam (= measure). Ph.: on a small s.: alpaparimāṇam.

SCALE (v.):
     I To climb. q. v.: ārohati (ruha, c. 1.).
     II To cross by s. ing: laṅghayati ut- vi- abhi- (laṅgh, c. 10.), D. iii.
     III To take off s.s: va(śa)lkayati (nomi.); viva(śa)lkīkaroti; etc.

SCALENE: s. triangle: viṣamatribhujaḥ.

SCALLOP:
     I Verb: kalpayati pari- (c. of kḷp: might be used also of s. ed oysters).
     II Subs.: kambubhedaḥ.

SCALP:
     I Verb: muṇḍam, etc. tvacayati (nomi.): v. Also to remove.
     II Subs.: mastakatvac (f.) and sim. comp. s: v. Head, skin.

SCALPEL: churikāviśeṣaḥ: v. Knife.

SCALY:
     1 śalkalin (f. );
     2 saśalka (f. lkā);
     3 valkāvṛta (f. ); etc.

SCAMP:
     1 khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā);
     2 durvṛtta (f. ttā); and sim. comp. s.

SCAMPER: vidravati (dru, c. 1.): v. To run.

SCAN (v.):
     I To examine attentively: q. v.: sūkṣmaṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.).
     II Of verses: caraṇān vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.: (?).

SCANDAL:
     I Calumny:
     1 nirvādaḥ pari(rī)vādaḥ or apavādaḥ, afraid of popular s.: jananirvādabhayāt, Ki. ii. 10.;
     2 vācyam or vacanīyam, this s. will remain: vacanīyamidaṃ vyavasthitam, Ku. iv. 21.;
     3 durvarṇaḥ or avarṇaḥ, I cannot bear this first s.: soḍhuṃ na tatpūrvamavarṇamīśe, R. xiv. 38.;
     4 nindā (= censure: q. v.), s. about wife: kalatranindā, 33.
     II Fig., disgraceful: q. v.: kalaṅkaḥ.

SCANDALIZE: bībhatsaṃ janayati (jan, c. 10.): v. Also to offend, wound.

SCANDALOUS:
     I Disgraceful, infamous: q. v.: kalaṅkakara (f. ).
     II Offensive, opprobrious: q. v.: garhita (f. ).

SCANDALOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

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SCANSION: chandaścaraṇavibhāgaḥ (?); vṛttapādagaṇanā (?).

SCANT:
     I Adj.: v. Scanty.
     II Verb: v. To stint, limit.

SCANTILY:
     1 svalpam: v. Little;
     2 apracuram;
     3 aparyāptam.

SCANTINESS:
     I Want of sufficiency:
     1 svalpatā: v. Littleness;
     2 aprācuryam;
     3 aparyāptatā.
     II Narrowness, smallness: tanutā.

SCANTY: Not sufficient: q. v.:
     1 svalpa (f. lpā): v. Little;
     2 apracura (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Narrow, small: q. v.: tanu (f. also nvī).

SCAPEGOAT: fig.:
     1 baliḥ (= oblation);
     2 dāyin (f. (?).

SCAPEGRACE: nirmayāda (f. ): v. Also prodigal.

SCAPULAR, -Y:
     1 skandha- in comp.: v. Shoulder;
     2 skandhagata (f. ).

SCAR (subs.):
     I Of a wound:
     1 kṣatam, a dreadful s.: vikarālaṃ kṣatam, P. iv. 4.;
     2 kṣatacihnam and sim. comp. s.
     II Fig.: kalaṅkaḥ.

SCAR (v.): Chiefly in s. red: kṣatāṅkita (f. ), kiṇāṅka (f. ṅkā, etc.).

SCARCE: virala (f. ): v. Rare, uncommon.

SCARCE, -LY:
     1 by adj., one s. gets a matching wife: durlabhā sadṛśī bharyā, J.;
     2 kathamapi (= with difficulty: q. v.);
     3 na (= not: of time), s. a day passed: naikamapi dinaṃ gatam;
     4 Sometimes by eva, s. I had arrived: āgatamātra eva.

SCARCENESS, SCARCITY:
     I In gen.
     1 viralatā;
     2 durlabhatā;
     3 duṣprāpyatā.
     II Of provisions: durbhikṣam (= famine: q. v.).

SCARE: trāsayati (c. of tras): v. To frighten.

SCARECROW: perh. trāsanam vi-;
     2 by circumlo.

SCARF: no prop. equiv.:
     1 sicayaḥ;
     2 celakaḥ.

SCARIFICATION: tvakchedaḥ -nam and sim. comp. s.

SCARIFY: tvacaṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7.) or ullikhati (likh, c. 6.).

SCARLET:
     1 śoṇa (f. ṇā): v. Red.;
     2 sindūrasavarṇa (f. rṇā);
     3 svacchasindūrabhās (mfn.) Ri. i. 24. Ph.: s. fever: udardhaḥ, Wilson.

SCARP: no proper equiv.: upasarpaḥ may be used.

SCATE: v. Skate.

SCATHELESS:
     1 akṣata (f. );
     2 avikṣata (f. );
     3 aparikṣata (f. ).

SCATTER:
     1 kirati pra- vi- saṃ- (kṝ, c. 6.), to s. the ladies: vikarituṃ vadhūḥ, Si. vi. 52.;
     2 vikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), s. ing the scent: gandhaṃ vikṣipan, Ki. ix. 31.;
     3 vi-dhūnoti nir- vinir (dhū, c. 5.: as armies), Vi. ii. 1.

SCAVENGER:
     1 khalapūḥ (rare);
     2 sammārjakaḥ (= sweeper).

SCENE:
     I Stage: q. v.: raṅgaḥ -bhūmiḥ.
     II Part of a play: aṃkāṃśaḥ, Sa. v.; paricchedaḥ (?).
     III A sight, spectacle: dṛśyam: v. Also s. ry.
     IV Place: q. v.: bhūmiḥ.

SCENERY (subs.):
     I Natural: expr. by words meaning land, place: wild mountain s.: araṇyagiribhūmiḥ, Vi. v.; oh, how beautiful is the s. here: aho rāmaṇīyakamasya [malayaparvatasya], Na. i.
     II Artificial: v. Scene.

SCENT (subs.):
     I The sense of smell: ghrāṇam ; v. Smell.
     II Smell, odour:
     1 gandhaḥ, with the mere s.: gandhamātreṇa, Sa. iii.; sweet s. ed: sugandhin (mfn.), Bha.; therefore it is not consonant to implicate here even the s. of action: tasmāt kriyāyā gandhamātrasyāpyanupraveśa iha noppadyate, S.;
     2 saurabham (= fragrance: q. v.), of uncommon s.: asādhāraṇasaurabhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ), K.

SCENT (v.):
     I To smell: q. v.: ghrāti ā- (ghrā, c. 2.).
     II To perfume: q. v.:
     1 vāsayati (vās, c. 10.);
     2 surabhīkaroti, s. ed: surabhitaḥ, Me. i. 53.

SCENTLESS:
     1 nirgandha (f. ndhā), Ku.;
     2 gandhahīnaḥ (nā naṃ); and sim. comp. s.

SCEPTIC:
     1 sandehakṛt, an honest s.: hetubhiḥ sandehakṛt, Śridhara;
     2 sandehabhṛt,
     V iii. 35. (?);
     3 haitukaḥ, V.p. iii. 99.

SCEPTICAL: sandehabhṛt (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.

SCEPTICISM:
     I Doubt: q. v.: sandehaḥ.
     II The doctrine: haitukavādaḥ (?).

SCEPTRE:
     1 rājadaṇḍaḥ (= mace);
     2 chatram (= umbrella: fig.), loss of s.: chatrābhaṅgaḥ. Ph.: to hold the s. = reign: q. v.

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SCEPTRED (adj.): daṇḍadhāra (f. ), Ka. i. 2.; and sim. comp. s.

SCHEDULE:
     I A paper: patram.
     II A list: q. v.: parisaṃkhyā.

SCHEME (subs.):
     I A plan: q. v. kalpanā.
     II In bad sense: mantraṇā.

SCHEME (v.): kalpayati pari- saṃ-, (kḷp, c. 10.): v. To plan, devise. S. ing: kucakrin (f. ṇī): v. Also artful.

SCHISM: bhedaḥ: v. Breach, separation.

SCHISMATIC, -AL: bhedakara (f. ) and sim. deriv. s.

SCHOLAR:
     I A pupil: q. v. chātra (f. trī).
     II A learned person: q. v.: paṇḍita (f. ).

SCHOLARLY:
     I Learned, accomplished: q. v.: paṇḍita (f. ).
     II Becoming a scholar:
     1 paṇḍitasadṛśa (f. śī);
     2 pāṇḍityagarbha (f. rbhā); and sim. comp. s.

SCHOLARSHIP:
     I Learning: q. v.: pāṇḍityam.
     II Stipend: vṛttiḥ.

SCHOLASTIC, -AL:
     1 expr. by comp.: v. School;
     2 by circumlo.: v. Also scholarly.

SCHOLIAST: ṭīkākāra (f. ): v. Commentator.

SCHOLIUM (pl. -A): ṭīkā: Commentary.

SCHOOL (subs.):
     I For instruction:
     1 vidyālayaḥ and sim. comp. s., this is the tenth year of your residence in s.: ayamatrātrabhavato daśamo vatsaro vidyāgṛhamadhivasataḥ, K.; erected a palatial s.: amarāgārākāraṃ vidyāmandiramakārayat, K.;
     2 maṭhaḥ (religious (?), prabuddhādhyayanakamaṭheṣu maṭheṣu, Va.
     II System:
     1 śākhā (= branch), different s. s of Vedas: vedānāṃ śākhābhedāḥ, V. p. iii. 4. 4.;
     2 śākhin (m.: of men), some s. s.: eke śākhinaḥ, S. iii. 2. 2. Ph.: epitome of the various s. s of Hindu philosophy: sarvadarśanasaṃgrahaḥ.
     III Fig., refuge, abode: q. v.: śaraṇam.

SCHOOL (v.): śikṣayati (c. of śikṣ): v. To teach.

SCHOOLFELLOW:
     1 sahādhyāyin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 satīrtha (f. rthā) or rthya (f. rthyā) (rare), Ma.

SCHOOLING (subs.): Ph.: s. fee: śikṣāmūlyam.

SCHOOLMASTER:
     1 śikṣakaḥ;
     2 adhyāpakaḥ: v. Teacher.

SCHOOLMISTRESS:
     1 śikṣayitrī;
     2 adhyāpikā;
     3 upādhyāyā.

SCHOOL-ROOM: pāṭhaśālā: v. School.

SCHOONER: naubhedaḥ; madguḥ (?).

SCIATIC (adj.): s. nerve: vastimārgaśirā (?); s. pains: vastiśūlakopaḥ (?).

SCIATICA: prob. vastiśūlaḥ, Bha.

SCIENCE:
     I Knowledge: q. v.: jñānam.
     II A branch of knowledge:
     1 vidyā, in the s. s of words (grammar), argument (logic), and truths (philosophy): śabdahetusamayavidyāsu, D. ii.; learnt all s. s: sarvā vidyā jagrāha, K.;
     2 śāstram (as contained in books), the s. of astronomy consists of three branches: jyotiḥśāstraṃ skandhatrayādhiṣṭhitam, V. m. 9.;
     3 vijñānaśāstram (? = physical s.).

SCIENTIFIC, -AL:
     I Used in science: expr. by comp., s. enquiries: vijñānagaveṣaṇā (?).
     II Versed in s.: vijñānavid (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.

SCIENTIFICALLY:
     1 vijñānaśāstrānusāreṇa (?);
     2 yathāvijñānam (?).

SCIMITAR:
     1 khaṅgaḥ: v. Sword;
     2 nistriṃśaḥ;
     3 karapā(bā)laḥ.

SCINTILLATE:
     I Lit.: sphuliṅgān muñcati vi- (muc, c. 6.).
     II To sparkle: q. v.: sphurati (sphur, c. 6.).

SCINTILLATION:
     1 sphuliṅganirgamaḥ and sim. comp. s;
     2 sphuritam (fig.).

SCIOLIST:
     1 pallavagrāhipaṇḍitaḥ;
     2 paṇḍitamānin (f. ); etc.

SCION:
     I Lit.: navapallavaḥ: v. Shoot.
     II A descendant: q. v.: s. s of nobility: kulīnāḥ kumārāḥ, N.

SCISSORS:
     1 khaṇḍadhārā;
     2 kartarī (?).

SCOFF (v.): avahasati (has, c. 1.): v. To ridicule, mock.

SCOFF, -ING (subs.): avahāsaḥ: v. Ridicule, derision.

SCOFFER:
     1 avahāsaka (f. sikā);
     2 upahāsaka (f. sikā).

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SCOLD (v.): bhartsayati pari- saṃ-, (bharts, c. 10.): v. To revile.

SCOLD (subs.): durmukha (f. khī): v. Also shrew.

SCOLDING:
     I Subs.: bhartsanā.
     II Adj.: ākṣāraka (f. rikā): v. Also abusive.

SCONCE:
     I Verb: daṇḍayati (daṇḍ, c. 10.): v. To fine.
     II Subs.:
     1 daṇḍaḥ (= fine: q. v.);
     2 dīpādhāraḥ (of candles).

SCOOP (v.):
     I To lade out: siñcati (sic, c. 6.: used by boatmen). To dig out: kuṭṭayati (kuṭṭ, c. 10.: its Bengali used for s. ed out canoes).

SCOOP (subs.):
     I A lade: q. v.: darvī.
     II For boats: secanī.
     III A hollow: q. v.

SCOPE:
     I End, object: q. v.: abhiprāyaḥ.
     II Limit, compass: q. v.: iyattā.
     III Room, field: q. v.: avasaraḥ.

SCORBUTIC, -AL: *lavaṇarakta-, in comp.; lavaṇaraktin (f. ).

SCORCH:
     1 dahati nir vi- pari, (dah, c. 1. = to burn), everywhere the ground is s. ed with fire: diśi diśi paridagdhā bhūmayaḥ pāvakena, Ri. i. 24.;
     2 tapati nir (tap, c. 1. = to heat: q. v.).

SCORE (subs.):
     I Mark of number: cihnam: v. Mark.
     II Total number gained: expr. by circumlo., what is the s.: kasya kati or kimāvābhyāmāsāditam: v. To get.
     III Account, bill: q. v.
     IV Indebtedness: expr. with deya (f. ).
     V Twenty: q. v.: viṃśatiḥ.
     VI Reason, sake: q. v.: on the same s.: tadevārye.
     VII In music: perh. vinyāsaḥ.

SCORE (v.):
     I To mark, note: q. v.: aṅkayati (aṅk. c. 10.).
     II To draw a line across: rekhayā kṛntati (kṛt, c. 7.: after Bengali).

SCORN (subs.):
     1 avajhā -nam: v. Contempt;
     2 ghṛṇā: v. Hatred.

SCORN (v.):
     1 avajānāti (jñā, c. 9.);
     2 avamanyate (man, c. 4.): v. To despise.

SCORNFUL:
     1 avajñāvyañjaka (f. ñjikā);
     2 ghṛṇāsūcaka (f. cikā): v. Also haughty.

SCORNFULLY:
     1 avajñayā;
     2 sāvamānam;
     3 sāvalepam; etc.

SCORPION:
     I The reptile: vṛścikaḥ.
     II The sign: vṛścikaḥ.
     III An (ancient) engine: *pāṣāṇakṣepakam -yantram.

SCOT: karaḥ: v. Tax. Ph.: s. free (fig.): akṣata (f. ), avikala (f. ), etc.

SCOTCH:
     I Verb: bhinatti (bhid, c. 6.).
     II Adj.: *hiṣkāṭīya (f. ).

SCOUNDREL: khaṇḍitavṛtta (f. ttā): Rascal, mean.

SCOUR (v.):
     I To clean: māṛṣṭi or mārjayati pari- saṃ-, (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).
     II To pass swiftly over: q. v.: drutaṃ parikrāmati (kram, c. 1.)

SCOURGE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kaśā(ṣā);
     2 pratiṣkaśaḥ(ṣaḥ).
     II Fury, dreadul visitation:
     1 dhūmaketuḥ;
     2 kālaḥ.

SCOURGE (v.):
     I Lit.: kaśayā hanti ā-, (han, c. 2.), tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.), praharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     II Fig.: tudati (tud, c. 6.): v. Also to chastise.

SCOURGING (subs.): kaśāghātaḥ etc., deserves s.: kaśya (f. śyā).

SCOUT (subs.):
     1 cāraḥ;
     2 caraḥ: v. Spy.

SCOUT (v.):
     I As s. s; carati saṃ- (car, c. 1.), let the s.s s. through every hermitage: pratimuninilayaṃ te ca cārāścarantu, Ve. vi. 2.
     II To reject, scorn: q. v.

SCOWL:
     I Subs.:
     1 bhrūbhaṅagaḥ;
     2 bhrū(bhrū or bkhṛ) kuṭiḥ(ṭī).
     II Verb:
     2 bhrūbhaṅgaṃ karoti or vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.);
     2 bhrūkuṭiṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

SCRAGGY:
     I Rough: q. v.: rūkṣa (f. kṣā).
     II Lean: q. v.: kuśa (f. śā).

SCRAMBLE (v.):
     I To climb up: hastābhyāṃ dhṛtvā or gṛhītvā ārohati or adhi- (ruh, c. 1.).
     II For things: saṃmardaṃ karoti (with dat.); lālāyate (nomi.=to shew eagerness).

SCRAMBLE, -ING (subs.):
     I Climbing: expr. by verb.
     II For things:
     1 saṃmardaḥ;
     2 lālāyitam (=longing).

SCRAP: khaṇḍaḥ: v. Fragment.

SCRAPE (subs.):
     I Perplexity, difficulty: q. v.: kṛcchram, got a s.: kṛcchragata (f. ).
     II An awkwardly bow: perh. mūrdhnaḥ kampaḥ.

SCRAPE (v.):
     1 udgharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To rub.;
     2 ullikhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To scratch. S. together: samāharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To collect.

SCRAPER:
     I In gen.: gharṣaṇī nir.
     II For the tongue: ulle khanī (?), Williams.
     III For boats: abhriḥ(bhrī).

SCRAPING (subs.):
     I The act: gharṣaṇam ud-.
     II That which is taken off by s.:
     1 ucchiṣṭam: v. Refuse;
     2 malam: v. Dirt.

SCRATCH (v.):
     I Lit.: vi-likhat ut pra- prot- (likh, c. 6.), s. ing the roots of the wings with the beak: vilikhaṃścañcupuṭena pakṣatī, N. ii. 2.; s. ed his golden stool with the feet: pādena haimaṃ vililekha pīṭham, R. vi. 15
     II To allay itching: kaṇḍūyati -te (nomi.), s. ing the cheeks: kaṭaṃ kaṇḍūyamāna (f. ), R. ii. 36.
     III To tear: q. v.: vidārayati (dṝ, c. 10.).
     IV To s. out: pramārṣṭi (bhṛj, c. 2.).

SCRATCH (subs.):
     1 lekhā -khanam vi- ut-, s. es with the nail: nakhalekhāḥ, Ki. ix. 78.;
     2 ghṛṣṭam (excoriation), Sr.;
     3 kṣatam (=wound: with a qualifying word).

SCRAWL (v.): aspaṣṭaṃ or sthūlaṃ likhati (likh, c. 6.).

SCRAWL (subs.):
     1 aspaṣṭalekhaḥ;
     2 sthūlalekhaḥ, etc.

SCREAM (subs.):
     1 ci(cī)tkāraḥ;
     2 ārtanādaḥ and sim. comp. s (of man);
     3 utkrośaḥ: v. Cry.

SCREAM (v.):
     1 ci(cī)tkāraṃ karoti;
     2 ārtaravaṃ vimuñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. To cry, roar.

SCREECH: v. Scream, cry, roar.

SCREECH-OWL:
     1 kālapecakaḥ: v. Owl;
     2 ulūkaḥ, V. m. 88. 2.

SCREEN (subs.):
     I In gen: āvaraṇam.
     II For a house:
     1 tiraskara(ri)ṇī, s. made of grass: tṛṇaguṇitatiraskaraṇī, C. s.;
     2 ya(ja)vanikā;
     3 kāṇḍapaṭaḥ (for the tents), Si. v. 22.

SCREEN (v.):
     1 chādayati (chad, c. 10.): v. To cover;
     2 rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. To protect, save.

SCREW (subs.):
     I The machine: *karṣaṇī.
     II A miser: kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā).

SCREW (v.):
     I To fasten: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II To press, squeeze: q. v.: niṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.).
     III To distort: q. v.

SCRIBBLE (v.), SCRIBBLING (subs.): v. Scrawl.

SCRIBBLER:
     1 kulalekhakaḥ;
     2 Simply lekhakaḥ: (when sense clear).

SCRIBE:
     1 lekhakaḥ;
     2 lipikaraḥ, s.'s fault: lipikarapramādaḥ.

SCRIP:
     I A bag: puṭaḥ(ṭī).
     II Of writing: patrikā.

SCRIPTURAL: expr. by comp.

SCRIPTURE:
     1 vedaḥ;
     2 śrutiḥ;
     3 āgamaḥ;
     4 āmnāyaḥ.

SCRIVENER:
     I Usurer: q. v.: kusīdaḥ
     II A writer: lekhakaḥ.

SCROFULA:
     1 gaṇḍamālā;
     2 kaṇṭhamālā.

SCROFULOUS:
     1 gaṇḍamālin (f. );
     2 kaṇṭhamālin (f. ).

SCROLL:
     1 paṭaḥ(tṛḥ);
     2 lekhayam ā-, (of writing).

SCROTUM:
     1 koṣaḥ(śaḥ) aṇḍa-;
     2 muṣkaḥ;
     3 vṛṣaṇaḥ.

SCRUB: pra-mārṣṭi or mārjayati (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).

SCRUPLE:
     I Subs.: sandehaḥ: v. Doubt.
     II Verb: saṃdigdhe (dih, c. 2.): v. To doubt, hesitate.

SCRUPULOUS:
     I Of men: sūkṣmajijñāsu (mfn.): v. Also upright.
     II Exact, nice: q. v.: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā).

SCRUPULOUSLY:
     1 sūkṣmam: v. Nicely;
     2 nipuṇam: v. Carefully.

SCRUPULOUSNESS:
     1 sūkṣmajijñāsā (?);
     2 āśaṅkā (= apprehension: q. v.);
     3 sūkṣmatā (= nicety).

SCRUTINIZE: sūkṣmaṃ paripaśyati (dṛś, c. 1.) or nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.): v. Also to examine, search.

SCRUTINY:
     1 sūkṣmaparidarśanam;
     2 sūkṣmanirūpaṇam;
     3 gaveṣaṇā.

SCUFF: vegena uhyate (pass. of vah): v. To drive.

SCUFFLE:
     I Subs.: kaliḥ: v. Struggle, quarrel.
     II Verb: kaliṃ karoti: v. To struggle, quarrel.

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SCULL:
     I Skull: q. v.: karparaḥ An oar: kṣepaṇiḥ.

SCULLERY:
     1 piṭharam (?), Wilson;
     2 bhāṇḍāgāram (?).

SCULLION: bhāṇḍamārjaka (f. rjikā), -kṣālaka (f. likā), etc.

SCULPTOR:
     1 tva(ta)ṣṭṛ (f. ṣṭrī);
     2 takṣaka (f. kṣikā).

SCULPTURE:
     I Subs.:
     1 takṣaṇam;
     2 tvakṣaṇam.
     II Verb:
     1 ta (tva)kṣati (takṣ or tvakṣ, c. 1.).
     2 ullikhati (likh, c. 6.: rare), Ki.

SCUM (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 maṇḍa (mn.), poured off rice-s.: annamaṇḍamagālayat, D. vi.;
     2 phenaḥ (= froth).
     II Fig. malaḥ, the Vāhikas are the s. of the world: malaṃ pṛthivyā vāhīkāḥ, Mah. viii. 45. 23.

SCUM (v.): maṇḍaṃ gālayati (c. of gal), srāvayati (c. of sru), etc.

SCURF: śuṣkacarman (n.) or -tvac (f.): v. Also scab.

SCURFY: śuṣkacarmāvṛta (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

SCURRILITY:
     1 aślīlatā: v. Indecency;
     2 paruṣatā: v. Roughness.

SCURRILOUS:
     1 aślīla (f. ): v. Indecent;
     2 paruṣa (f. ṣā): v. Rough.

SCURRILOUSLY:
     1 aślīlam;
     2 vyaṅgasaṃyutam (= 1);
     3 paruṣam (= roughly).

SCURVY: duṣṭaraktajo vyādhiviśeṣaḥ; *lavaṇaraktam.

SCUTCHEON: *kaulīnakoṣaḥ; -āvaraṇam; and sim. comp. s.

SCUTTLE (subs.):
     I A basket: karaṇḍaḥ.
     II A hole: chidram.

SCUTTLE (v.): (naukātale or -pārśve) chidrāṇi karoti.

SCYTHE:
     1 khaṅgīkam;
     2 lavitram;
     3 śasyakartarikā.

SEA (subs.):
     1 samudraḥ, s.-foam; samudraphenaḥ, R. xiii. 11.; s.-going vessels: naubhiḥ samudravāhinībhiḥ, M. n.; s.-water: sāmudraṃ jalam, Bha.; in the middle of the s.: madhyesamudram, Si. iii. 33.; in his heart--the s. of compassion: dayāsamudre tadāśaye, N. i. 134.;
     2 sāgaraḥ, throw him into the s.: prakṣipainaṃ sāgare, D. vi.; as the s. is clear when the tide had set: nivṛttavela prasanna iva sāgaraḥ, Ram. v. 37. 6.;
     3 arṇavaḥ, sunk in the s. of his misfortunes: vyasanārṇavasaṃmagnam, Ram. ii. 21. 2.;
     4 abdhiḥ, and sim. comp. s., situated on the borders of the s.: jaladherupakaṇṭhapratiṣṭhitam; went by s.: pratasthe'mbudhivartmanā, K. s. 25. 35., 40. 70.; on the s. coast: udadheḥ kūle, R. xii. 68.; crossing the heavy s.: payodhimāvilaṃ vilaṅghya, Si. i. 68.; growing on the s.-coast: ambhodhitaṭādhivāsān, Si. iii. 70.;
     5 jalanidhiḥ, and sim. comp.s, saw on the canfines of s.-water: pārejalaṃ niranidherapaśyat, Si. iii. 70.;
     6 amburāśiḥ, the coast of the salt-s: velā lavaṇāmburāśeḥ, R. xiii. 15.;
     7 ratnākaraḥ;
     8 āpagāpatiḥ and sim. comp.s;
     9 makarālayaḥ. Ph.: (a) go to s.: samudraṃ gacchati yāti, etc.; (b) beyond the s. s: dvīpāntarama or ūmimataḥ pāram, Mah. iv. 26. 17.

SEA-BEAR: *samudrakolaḥ; śvetavarāhaḥ.

SEA-CALF: an animal: prob. nakraḥ.

SEA-CAPTAIN: samudrapotādhyakṣaḥ and sim. comp. s.

SEA-COOT: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.

SEA-EAR: śaṅgaviśeṣaḥ.

SEA-ELEPHANT: mātaṅganakraḥ (?).

SEA-HARE: a mollusk: viśaṅkhaḥ.

SEAHORSE: nakragavaḥ (f. ). Also = hippopotamus: q. v.

SEA-KALE: śākabhedaḥ.

SEA-LION: *nakrasiṃhaḥ.

SEA-MONSTER: kariyādas (n. (?), Ki. vi. 14.; *yādaḥśārdūlaḥ.

SEA-NEEDLE, SEA-PIKE: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SEAPORT: potāśrayaḥ potaśaraṇam, and sim. comp. s. (??).

SEA-ROVER: samudradasyuḥ (?): v. Robber, pirate.

SEASICK: *samudrachardimat (f. ).

SEASICKNESS: *samudrachardis (n.).

SEA-SERPENT: samudranāgaḥ; samudrabhujaṅgaḥ, etc.

SEAWORTHY:
     1 samudragamanayogya (f. gyā) and sim. comp.s;
     2 sarvavātasaha (f. = standing all wind), Mah.

SEAL (subs.):
     I Of a letter etc.: mudrā, the s. is marked with the name of Rākshasa: rākṣasanāmāṅkiteyaṃ mudrā; without breaking the s.: mudrāṃ paripālayan; without taking a s. (ed pass.): agṛhītamudraḥ, Mu. v.
     II The sea-calf: prob. nakraḥ.

[Page 622]

SEAL (v.):
     I To put a s. to: mudrayati (mudr, c. 10.), s. it with this s.: anayā mudrayā mudrayainam, Mu. i.; this is the s. ed letter: ayaṃ sa mudrito lekhaḥ.
     II To confirm. q. v.
     III Shut, close: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), "s. up lips": mukhaṃ badhnāti.

SEALING-WAX: lākṣā (rare rākṣā).

SEAM:
     I In gen.: sandhiḥ.
     II Cicatrix: śuṣkavraṇaḥ.

SEAMAN: nāvika: v. Sailor.

SEAMANSHIP:
     1 nāvikatā -tvam;
     2 potavāhanam, and sim. comp.s.

SEAMLESS:
     1 visandhi (mfn.);
     2 vītasandhi (mfn.); and sim. comp.s.

SEAR:
     I Adj.: saṃśuṣka (f. ṣkā): v. Dry.
     II Verb: nirdahati (dah, c. 1.): v. To burn, scorch, dry.

SEARCH:
     1 anviṣyati (iṣ, c. 4.), to s. (his) sister: svasāramanveṣṭum, C. vii.; s. ing skilfully in his own house: svagṛhe nipuṇamanviṣyan, D. ii.;
     2 mārgayati or mṛgayati -te vi- pari-, (mṛg, c. 10.), and I cannot s. for Sītā elsewhere: na cānyatra mayā śakyā vaidehī parimārgitum, Ram. v. 15. 61.;
     3 vicinoti (ci, c. 5.), (whom) you are s. ing from wood to wood: vicinoṣi vane vane, Vi. v. 24.; sleeping and sick (men) in forests should be s. ed: suptārogārtāśca vane viceyāḥ, Ve. vi. 3.;
     4 gaveṣayati (rare), Ri.

SEARCH INTO: gaveṣayati: v. To examine, enquire.

SEARCH OUT: anviṣya etc. upalabhate (labh, c. 1. = to find out: q. v.), he himself has been s. ed out: so'pyulabdhaḥ, Ve. vi.; we could not s. them out: na hi vidmo gatiṃ teṣāṃ vāsañca, Mah. iv. 26. 14.

SEARCH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 anveṣaṇam -ṇā, there is going on s. for this: etasyaiva anveṣaṇā vartate, V. ii.;
     2 mārgaṇam vi- pari-, it was proper to make its s.: tasya vimārgaṇaṃ nayaḥ, Ki. xiv. 9.;
     3 vicayaḥ -nam (rare), laṅkāvicayaḥ, Ram.: v.
     II Examination, enquiry: q. v.:
     1 anvīkṣaṇam;
     2 gaveṣaṇā.

SEARCHER:
     1 anveṣṭṛ (f. ṣṭrī), many s. s have been sent after her: anveṣṭārastāṃ prati prabhūtāḥ prahitāḥ, C. vii.;
     2 anveṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     3 gaveṣaka (f. ṣikā = enquirer).

SEARCHING (adj.):
     1 nipuṇa (f. ṇā): v. Skilful;
     2 avihata (f. ): v. Attentive;
     3 sūkṣma (f. kṣmā): v. Minute.

SEASON (subs.):
     I Of the year:
     1 ṛtuḥ, the s. s attend him like common gardeners: udyānapālasāmānyamṛtavastamupāsate, Ku. ii. 36.;
     2 kālaḥ (= time), the hot s.: nidāghakālaḥ, Ri.
     II = time: q. v.: kālaḥ, for a s.: kañcit kālam, Mu. i.; in due s.: kāle.

SEASON (v.):
     I To flavour:
     1 vāsayati adhi-, (vās, c. 10.);
     2 often by yojayati saṃ-, (= to unite), Bha.
     II To habituate, accustom: q. v.: praguṇaṃ (f. ṇāṃ) karoti, R. ix. 49.

SEASONABLE:
     1 sāmayika (f. ): v. Timely;
     2 upayukta (f. ktā): v. Suitable, proper.

SEASONABLENESS:
     1 sāmayikatā;
     2 upayuktatā;
     3 by adj.

SEASONABLY:
     1 yathākālam: v. Timely;
     2 upayuktam: v. Properly.

SEASONING (subs.): upaskaraḥ: v. Also relish.

SEAT (subs.):
     I For sitting:
     1 āsanam, take this s.: idamāsanamāsyatām, Mu. i.; āsanaparigrahaṃ karotu, U. iii.; from the s. of justice: dharmāsanāt, U. i. 7.;
     2 pīṭha (mn.: diminutive pīṭhikā = a bench, stool), on a goldenlegged s.: hemapādāṅkitāyāṃ pīṭhikāyām, K.;
     3 paryaṅkaḥ (a sort of sofa), on a golden s. covered with Ranku's skin: sauvarṇe paryaṅke rāṅkavāstṛte, Ram. ii. 13. 6.;
     4 āsandī (= a bamboo chair), when Vaiśampāyana was s. ed: āsandyāmupaviṣṭe vaiśampāyane, K.;
     5 śayanam or śayanīyam (for lying down): v. Bed;
     6 viṣṭaraḥ (rare), s. ed: viṣṭarabhāj (mfn.), R. v. 3.
     II Station, abode:
     1 sthānam, the s. of our ancestors: sthānaṃ naḥ pūrvajānām, B. xxii. 28.;
     2 dhāman (n.), the s. of fortitude: dhāma dhairyasya, K.;
     3 āyatanam, s. of all misconduct: sarvāvinayānāmāyatanam, K. v. Abode.
     III Regular place of sitting: perh. sthānam.
     IV That part on which a person sits: āsanam, Si. v. 7.
     V In riding: expr. by verb.

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SEAT (v.):
     I To s. oneself: āsane upaviśati sam-, (viś, c. 6.), niṣīdati (sad, c. 1.), etc.
     II To s. another: āsane upaveśayati (c. of viś) or abhiniveśayati, Si. i. 15.

SEATED:
     I Lit.:
     1 āsīna (f. ), and when all of them had s.: sarvāsu cāsīnāsu tāsu, K.;
     2 upaviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), sam-;
     3 stha (f. sthā) in comp., s. in heart: hṛdayastha (f. sthā), R. x. 19.
     II Rooted: q. v.

SECANT: in math.: *vicchedikā.

SECEDE:
     1 apasarati (sṛ c. 1.): v. To retire, withdraw;
     2 āśrayati (śri, c. 1. = to betake to, as to a different league).

SECEDER:
     1 bhinnamatagrāhin (f. ṇī);
     2 matāntarāśrita (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

SECESSION:
     1 apasaraṇam: v. Withdrawal;
     2 matāntaragrahaṇam and sim. expr.s. (in opinion).

SECLUDE:
     I To shut up: q. v.: niruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).
     II To live in seclusion: viviktam āśrayati (śri, c. 1.); ekānte vasati (vas, c. 1.); etc.

SECLUDED (adj.):
     1 vivikta (f. ktā), in a s. spot: viviktapradeśe, P. i. 4.;
     2 vijana (f. ) v. Lonely, solitary;
     3 nibhṛta (f. ): v. Quiet.

SECLUSION:
     1 viviktatā -tvam (the state);
     2 viviktam, heart-satisfying s.: cittanirvṛtividhāyi viviktam, Ki. ix. 71.;
     3 rahas (n. = privacy).

SECOND (adj.): dvitīya (f. ), in the s. (8th portion): dvitīye'(ṣṭame bhāge), D. viii.; this title does not belong to a s. (i. e. to any body else): dvitīyagāmī na hi śabda eṣa naḥ, R. iii. 49. Ph.: without a s. (i. e. parallel):
     1 advitīya (f. );
     2 atidvaya (f. : rare), K.

SECOND (v.): anukūlayati: v. To help, favour.

SECOND (subs.):
     I Of time:
     1 palam vi-;
     2 vikalā: v. Moment.
     II Promoter, supporter: q. v.: anukūlakārin (f. ṇī).

SECOND-HAND:
     I Not new:
     1 anyabhukta (f. ktā) and sim. comp. s.
     2 purāṇa (f. ṇā = old: q. v.).
     II Not original: s. witness: śrutasākṣī, Mit.; s. knowledge: anyamūlaṃ jñānam (?).

SECOND-RATE:
     1 dvitīyaśreṇīya (f. );
     2 madhyama (f. = middling).

SECONDARY:
     1 perh. dvaitīyika (f. );
     2 apradhāna (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (= not chief: q. v.): v. Also second-rate.

SECONDARILY:
     1 dvitīyataḥ (= secondly);
     2 gauṇataḥ (= figuratively).

SECONDER:
     1 anukūlayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 pakṣasamarthaka (f. rthikā); and sim. comp.s.

SECONDLY:
     1 dvitīyataḥ;
     2 dvitīyam;
     3 tatra punaḥ (= then again).

SECOND SIGHT: divyacakṣus (n.) and sim. comp.s., endowed with s.: divyena cakṣuṣā samanvita (f. ), Mah. vi. 2. 10.: v. Sight.

SECRECY:
     1 gūḍhatā ni-;
     2 guhyatā;
     3 gopanīyatā;
     4 guptiḥ: for dif.: v. Secret, seclusion.

SECRET: (adj.):
     I Concealed, hid:
     1 guḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-, surrounded by s. emissaries: guḍhapuruṣaiḥ parivṛtaḥ, D. viii.;
     2 gupta (f. ptā);
     3 channa (f. nnā), pra-.
     II What should be concealed:
     1 guhya (f. hyā), shall not disclose master's s. doings and plans: guhyaṃ karma ca mantraṃ ca na bhartuḥ samprakāśayet, Ka. v. 31.;
     2 rahasya (f. syā):
     3 gopya (f. pyā);
     4 gopanīya (f. ): v. Secret (subs.).
     III Occult:
     1 gūḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-;
     2 guhya (f. hyā).
     IV Secluded, retired: q. v.: gūḍha (f. ḍhā), ni-.

SECRET, KEEP:
     1 nihnute (hnu, c. 2.: with abl.), keeping (it) very s. for two, three, four (days): dvitricaturamatinihnu tyāpi, D. ii.;
     2 gopāyati (gup, c. 10.), (gen. with dat.), not to k. (it) s. from you: kiṃ te gopāyitvā, D. vi.;
     3 ni-guhati -te (guh, c. 1.: with dat, or abl.), why do you k. this disease s.: kimetamātmana upadravaṃ nigūhasi, Sa. iii.

SECRET (subs.):
     1 rahasyam, and the s. will not ooze out: rahasyañca na sravati, D. ii.; not to divulge the s.: rahasyānirbhedāya, D. ii.; have you kept the s. entrusted to you: rakṣyate bhavatā rahasyanikṣepaḥ, V. ii.; does not communicate (his) s. s: narahasyāni vivṛṇoti, D. viii.;
     2 guhyam gopyam, etc. (n. of adj. s from guha and gup), if it is not a s.: na cedgopyam, D. iv.; the s. being disclosed: vivṛtaguhyaḥ, D. iv. Ph.: (a) in s.: rahasi ; v. Privately, secretly; (b) it is no longer a s. to the townsmen that: prakāśatāṃ gato'yamartho paureṣu yathā ....., Mu. i.

SECRETARIATE: sacivasabhā (?); sacivaśālā (?); and sim. comp.s.

SECRETARY: sacivaḥ (?), private s.: rahasyasacivaḥ (?).

SECRETE:
     I To hide, conceal: q. v.: gopāyati (gup, c. 10.).
     II To separate, produce: māvayati ā- pari- saṃ-, (c. of, sru), Sr.

SECRETION:
     I As of sap: srāvaḥ -ṇam ā- pari-.
     II Matter secreted: srāvaḥ ā- pari-, watery s.: salilaprakāśa āsrāvaḥ, Sr.
     III Concealment: q. v.

SECRETLY:
     1 rahasi: v. Privately;
     2 gūḍham ni-, s. creating: guḍhamutpādya, D. viii.;
     3 guptam, you are to tell me very s.: tvayā suguptaṃ mamāvedanīyam, P. iv. 11.;
     4 channam pra-, (= unseen), threw away s.: channameva prākṣipam, D. ii.

SECRETNESS: gopanīyatā: v. Secret.

SECRETORY:
     1 expr. by comp.;
     2 srāvin (f. ṇī), ā- pari-.

SECT:
     1 śākhā (= branch);
     2 sampradāyaḥ.

SECTARIAN:
     1 śākhāgata (f. );
     2 sāmpradāyika (f. : (?): v. Also sectary.

SECTARIANISM: svasampradāyānurāgaḥ and sim. comp. s.

SECTARY:
     1 śākhin (f. );
     2 sampradāyabhukta (f. ktā); etc.

SECTION:
     I Division: q. v.: chedaḥ vi- pari-.
     II Of a book:
     1 paricchedaḥ;
     2 pādaḥ, ist s. of ist chapter: prathamādhyāyasya prathamapādaḥ, Kāśikā.

SECTOR: vṛttakhaṇḍam, K. d.

SECULAR:
     I Worldly: q. v.: laukika (f. ).
     II Timely: q. v.: sāmayika (f. ).

SECULARITY:
     1 aihikatā;
     2 sāṃsārikatā;
     3 laukikatā.

SECURE (adj.):
     I Careless: q. v.
     II Safe: q. v.:
     1 vītabhaya (f. );
     2 nirviśaṅka (f. ṅkā);
     3 sthira (f. = firm), fancying very s.: susthiraṃmanyaḥ, Si. ii. 32.
     II Certain: q. v.: niścita (f. ).

SECURE (v.):
     I In gen.:
     1 rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. Protect;
     2 sthirīkaroti (= to make firm or give).
     II To insure: dhruvam or niścitam āvahati (vah, c. 1.).
     III To make fast, seize: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).

SECURELY:
     I Fearlessly: q. v.:
     1 nirbhayam;
     2 vītaviśaṅkam.
     II Safely: q. v.

SECURITY:
     I Safety: q. v.:
     1 rakṣā;
     2 sthairyam (= firmness).
     II Freedom from anxiety:
     1 nirviśaṅkatā;
     2 nirupadravatā;
     3 nirvidhnatā;
     4 nirṛtiḥ.
     III Guard, defence: q. v.:
     1 guptiḥ;
     2 rakṣā.
     IV Pledge: q. v.: prātibhāvyam, a debt for s.: ṛṇaṃ prātibhāvyāgatam, Kat. V. A surety: q. v.: pratibhūḥ.

SEDAN: śivikā: v. Litter.

SEDATER:
     1 dhīra (f. );
     2 śānta (f. ntā) v. Calm, quiet.

SEDATELY:
     1 dhīram;
     2 śāntam: v. Calmly, quietly.

SEDATENESS:
     1 dhairyam;
     2 śāntatā: v. Calmness, quietness.

SEDATIVE:
     1 śītala (f. = cooling), Bha.;
     2 śāntikara (f. ), -prada (f. ), etc. (?).

SEDENTARINESS:
     1 nirudyogatā (?);
     2 calanaparāṅmukhatā; etc.

SEDENTARY:
     1 nirudyoga (f. ) and sim. comp. s. (= not active: q. v.);
     2 calanaparāṅbhukha (f. khī (?). Ph.: s. life: viviktajīvanam (??).

SEDGE: nalaviśeṣaḥ: v. Reed.

SEDIMENT:
     1 malam;
     2 kiṭṭam;
     3 kalkam;
     4 khalam.

SEDITION:
     1 rājākrośaḥ and sim. comp. s.;
     2 prajāsaṃkṣobhaḥ and sim. comp. s. (= popular agitation).

SEDITIOUS:
     1 by comp., one who uses s. language: rājākrośakārin (f. ṇī), Y. ii. 305.;
     2 rājyabhedaka (f. dikā) and sim. comp. s. (?).

SEDITIOUSLY:
     1 rājyabhedaṃ prakalpayat (f. ntī);
     2 prajāsaṃkṣobhaṃ kurvat (f. ); etc.

SEDUCE:
     1 dūṣayati (c. of duṣa): v. To defile, pollute;
     2 nāśayati (c. of naś = to ruin), will allure and s. the girl: bālāṃ vilobhya nāśayiṣyati, D. ii.

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SEDUCEMENT: v. Seduction.

SEDUCER:
     1 dūṣayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 dūṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     3 nāśayitṛ (f. trī).

SEDUCTION:
     1 dūṣaṇam, s. of girls: kanyādūṣaṇam, Mit.;
     2 nāśaḥ -nam (= ruining);
     3 śīlapātanam and sim. comp. s. (only of chastity).

SEDUCTIVE:
     1 pralobhana (f. );
     2 pralobhaka (f. bhikā);
     3 vilobhana (f. ) or -ka (f. bhikā);
     4 hārin (f. ṇī);
     5 ākarṣaka (f. rṣikā).

SEDUCTIVELY:
     1 pra- or vi- lobhya;
     2 pralobhanaṃ kurvat (f. ); etc.

SEDULITY, SEDULOUSNESS: adhyavasāyaḥ: v. Diligence, industry.

SEDULOUS: adhyavasāyin (f. ): v. Diligent, assiduous.

SEDULOUSLY:
     1 sādhyavasāyam;
     2 sābhiyogam ; v. Diligently.

SEE (subs.): perh.
     1 maṇḍalam;
     2 adhikāraḥ (= jurisdiction).

SEE (v.):
     I In gen.:
     1 paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.), old men s. what will come: vṛddhabuddhiranāgataṃ paśyati, Vi. vi.; s. ing close by that he was unassailable even by mind: paśyannadūrānmanasā'pyadhṛṣyam, Ku. iii. 51.; I do not s. any one greater than or (even) equal to Rāma: paśyāmi rāmādadhikaṃ samaṃ vā nānyam, B. xii. 51.; you will s. the jaws of death: drakṣyasi mṛtyumukham, D. ii.; to s. his dear old friend Vālmīki: cirantanapriyasuhṛdaṃ prācetasaṃ draṣṭum, U. iv.;
     2 īkṣate vi- pra- nir- sam ava- sampra-, (īkṣa, c. 1.), (gen. with the eye. Also = look into, look to, etc.: q. v.), s. ing that it is the first (offence): prathamamiti prekṣya, Sa. iv.;
     3 vilokayati ava-: v. To look;
     4 nirvarṇayati (varṇ, c. 10. = to look at attentively);
     5 nimālayati -te (bhal, c. 10 = 4.: rare), N. xi. 1.
     II Beware: expr. by circumlo.

SEED (subs.): bījam, for he who sows as. gets its fruit also: yo yadvapati bījaṃ hi labhate so'pi tatphalam, K. s. xvii. 148.; seller of bad s. s: abījavikrayī, M. ix. 291.; he who waters with descretion the seeds of work to be done: yo'bhivarṣati vidhibījāni vivekavāriṇā, Ki. ii. 31.; whose s. is the asking of the daughter of the king of Videha: bījaṃ yasya videhatanayāyācñā, Vi. vi. 1.; to bear the s. of the two: voḍhumubhayorbījam, Ku. v. 60.; as if its starry grains have been ejected by the s.- (pulp) eating time: tārāmayaṃ bījabhujādasīyaṃ kālena niṣṭhyū tamivāsthiyūtham, N. xxii. 14.

SEED-CORN, SEED-GRAIN: bījadhānyam.

SEED-PLOT, SEED-PLAT: prob. vījakṣetram bījabhūmiḥ, etc.

SEED-TIME: vapanakālaḥ and sim. comp. s.

SEED-VESSEL: bījakośaḥ (ṣaḥ), N. com.

SEEDLING:
     1 bījaprarohaḥ;
     2 bījaruhaḥ (rare).

SEEDSMAN:
     I The dealer:
     1 bījavikrayin (m.);
     2 bījavikretṛ (m.); etc.
     II The owner: bījavat or bījin (m.), M. ix. 49., 51.

SEEDY:
     1 bījapūrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 bījamaya (f. );
     3 bahubīja (f. ).

SEEING THAT: = since, for, because: q. v.

SEEK (v.):
     I To look for: anviṣyati (iṣ, c. 4.), you who are to be sought in this world: anveṣṭavyo yadasi bhuvane, U. ii. 13.: v. To search.
     II To endeavour to gain:
     1 kāmayate abhi- (kam, c. 10. = wish: q. v.), sought ground with young shoots: acakamata sapallavāṃ dharitrīm, Ki. x. 49.;
     2 kāṃkṣate -ti ā- abhi- (kāṃkṣa, c. 1. = 1), s.ing (your) place: padakāṃkṣin (f. ṇī), Ku. iii. 4.;
     3 prārthayate (arth, c. 10. = ask, beg: q. v.), I do not s. pleasure or wealth: na sukhaṃ prārthaye nārtham, Ki. xi. 66.

SEEK (v. i.):
     I To make search: anveṣaṇaṃ karoti: v. To search.
     II To endeavour, strive: q. v.: ghaṭate (ghaṭ, c. 1.).

SEEKER:
     1 anveṣaka (f. ṣikā): v. Searcher;
     2 prārthayitṛ (f. trī): v. Solicitor;
     3 kāmayitṛ (f. trī), abhi-: v. To wish, long.

SEEM:
     1 dṛśyate (pass. of dṛś = to look: q. v.);
     2 bhāti ā- vi- prati- nir- (bhā, c. 2. = to appear), why the great city of Oude s. s. to me to be bereft of its beauty: gataśrīriva me bhāti kenāyodhyā mahāpurī, Ram. ii. 73. 21. Ph.: it s. s (= I think): manye; it s. s simply for my purification: manye matpāvanāyaiva, Ku. vi. 61.

SEEMING:
     I Subs.: darśanam: v. Appearance, semblance.
     II Adj.: expr. by verb: v. Also apparent (III).

SEEMINGLY:
     1 prakaṭam: v. Openly;
     2 bahis (n.): v. Externally.

SEEMLINESS:
     1 upayuktatā: v. Propriety:
     2 vinītatā: v. Decency.

SEEMLY:
     1 upayukta (f. ktā): v. Suitable, proper;
     2 vinīta (f. ): v. Decent. To be s.: yujyate upa-, (pass. of yuj: with loc.), Ku.

SEER:
     I Lit.:
     1 draṣṭṛ (f. ṣṭrī);
     2 darśaka (f. rśikā);
     3 darśin (f. ).
     II A prophet: q. v.: siddha (f. ddhā).

SEETHE: kvathati or kvāthayati (kvath, c. 1. and c. 10.: lit, and fig.).

SEGMENT:
     1 dhanuḥkṣetram or cāpakṣetram, K. d. (of a circle);
     2 khaṇḍam (in gen.) N. B. S. s of the base of a triangle made by the perpendicular from the opposite angle: ābādhe or avabādhe, Li. 137., in an obtuse a. ed t. ṛṇābādhe, Li. 140.

SEGREGATE:
     1 viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.);
     2 viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣaḥ): v. To separate.

SEGREGATION: viśleṣaḥ: v. Separation.

SEIGNEURIAL, SEIGNIORIAL: expr. by gen. or comp.

SEIGNIOR:
     1 svāmin (m.);
     2 prabhuḥ: v. Lord.

SEIGNIORAGE: karaviśeṣaḥ.

SEIZABLE:
     1 grāhya (f. hyā);
     2 grahaṇīya (f. );
     3 dhārya (f. ryā).

SEIZE:
     I To catch: q. v.: gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.), to s. me: grahaṇe mama, Mah. vii. 73. 1.; s. s by the hair: keśairgṛhnāti, P.
     II To take possession of: gṛhnāti, your house has been s. d by another alligator: tvadīyaṃ gṛhamapareṇa makareṇa gṛhītam, P. iv. 9.: v. Also to enter.
     III To invade, attack: q. v.: ākrāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. Also to possess.
     IV To apprehend: gṛhnāti pra-, to s. on suspicion: śaṅkayā gṛhṇāti, Y.: v. To arrest.

SEIZER:
     1 grāhaka (f. hikā), Y.;
     2 grahītṛ (f. trī).

SEIZURE:
     1 grahaṇam (rarely grahaḥ);
     2 dhāraṇam (= catching).

SELDOM:
     1 kvacit;
     2 kadācit;
     3 karhicit (rare).

SELECT (v.): vṛṇīte (c. 9.): v. To choose;
     2 āharati (hṛ, c. 1. = to pick out).

SELECT (adj.):
     1 vṛta (f. : (?);
     2 viśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = choice).

SELECTION: no proper equiv.: expr. by verb. Easy s.: sahajasaṃgrahaḥ (?); choice s.: utkṛṣṭasamāhāraḥ (?); etc.

SELENITE: candrakāntaḥ (?), -upalaḥ; *candraprabhaḥ.

SELF:
     1 ātman (m.), s.-born: ātmabhūḥ (n. bhu); s. -destroyer: ātmaghātin (f. ); s. -interest: ātmahitam; good for s.: ātmanīna (f. ): v. Also myself, himself, etc.;
     2 svayam (=
     I myself, you yourself, etc.).

SELFISH:
     1 svārthapara (f. );
     2 svārthaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 svārthaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     4 by verb, every one is s.: sarvaḥ svārtha samīhate, Si. ii. 65.

SELFISHLY: expr. by adj. or verb.

SELFISHNESS:
     1 svārthaparatā;
     2 svārthaparāyaṇatā;
     3 svārthaniṣṭhā; etc.

SELL (v. t.):
     1 vikrīṇīte (krī, c. 9.), s. ing it to others: vikrīṇānastadanyatra, N. s.; Oh., (you) attempted to s. us like meat: prārabdhā māṃsavadaho vikretumete vayam, Mu. v. 21.;
     2 vikrayaṃ karoti: I will very mercilessly s. you: karomyeṣa vikrayaṃ te sunirghṛṇaḥ, D. b. vii. 22-1.

SELL (v. i.): (sūlyaṃ) labhate, if 8 silk clothes s. for 100 (rupees): paṭṭasūtrapaṭikā aṣṭau labhante śatam, Li. 55.; (my) friend, at what price will fourteen s.: caturdaśa sakhe mūlyaṃ labhante kiyat, Li. 56.

SELLER:
     1 vikretṛ (f. trī), it is to be returned to the s.: vikretuḥ pratideyaṃ tat, N. s.; s. of self (a slave): ātmavikretā, Mit.;
     2 vikrayin (f. ṇī), shame on this s. of honour: dhiṅ mānavikrayiṇamimam K. s. 43. 85.;
     3 vikrayika (f. );
     4 vikrayakārin (f. ṇī).

SELLING (subs.): vikrayaḥ: v. Sale, to sell.

SELVA(ED)GE:
     1 daśā;
     2 vastiḥ;
     3 tarī.

SEMBLANCE:
     1 ābhā;
     2 ābhāsaḥ;
     3 avabhāsaḥ: v. Also appearance (IV), likeness.

[Page 627]

SEMEN:
     1 śukram;
     2 retas (n.);
     3 bījam;
     4 vīryam;
     5 tejas.

SEMICIRCLE:
     1 ardhavṛttam;
     2 vṛttārdham.

SEMINAL: expr. by comp., s. discharge: retaḥpātaḥ, Mah.

SEMINARY: vidyālayaḥ: v. School.

SEMITONE: svarāvarohaḥ (??).

SEMIVOWEL: antaḥstho varṇaḥ (in Sanskrit); *ardhasvaraḥ.

SEMPITERNAL: nitya (f. tyā): v. Eternal, everlasting.

SENATE:
     1 mantrisabhā (?);
     2 mahāsabhā (?);
     3 vyavasthāsabhā (?: as in France and universities). S. -home: sabhāgṛham and sim. comp.s.

SENATOR:
     1 sacivaḥ (= counsellor);
     2 sadasyaḥ (?).

SENATORIAL: expr. by comp., s. robe: sacivaveṣaḥ (?).

SEND (v.):
     I To despatch:
     1 prerayati saṃ-, (īr, c. 10.), the rays sent forth by the moon: preritaḥ śaśadhareṇa karaughaḥ, Ki. ix. 30.;
     2 preṣayati saṃ-, (c. of iṣ), does not s. (me) tempting things: na vilobhanavastūni preṣayati, D. viii.;
     3 prahiṇoti (hi, c. 5.), Indra sent to him the nymph Hariṇī: prajighāya harirasmai hariṇīṃ surāṅganām, R. viii. 79.;
     4 visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.: rare), Bhoja sent an envoy to Raghu: bhojena dūto raghave visṛṣṭaḥ, R. v. 39.
     II To hush, discharge: q. v.:
     1 muñcati (muc, c. 6.);
     2 visṛjati.

SEND AWAY:
     1 visṛjati;
     2 prasthāpayati (c. of sthā), R.

SEND FOR: āhvayati (hne, c. 1.): v. To call, summon.

SEND FORTH:
     1 visṛjati: v. To emit;
     2 ūrdhvaṃ vitanoti (tan, c. 7.) etc. (= to send up, as branches), R. xiii. 10.;
     3 prasārayati (c. of sṛ = to spread).

SENDER:
     1 prera(ṣa)ka (f. rikā or ṣikā);
     2 prera(ṣa)yitṛ (f. trī); etc.

SENDING (subs.) preraṇam;
     2 preṣaḥ -ṇam saṃ-;
     3 prera(ṣa)ṇā (rare).

SENILE:
     1 vārdhakyajanya (f. nyā) and sim. comp.s;
     2 by circumlo.: v. Old age.

SENILITY:
     1 vṛddhāvasthā;
     2 vṛddhabhāvaḥ;
     3 varṣīyastvam (rare).

SENIOR:
     1 jyeṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā): v. Elder;
     2 variṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā): v. Superior;
     3 guruḥ -janaḥ (= respectable person), you are (my) s.: guravo yūyam, Vi. iv.

SENIORITY: jyeṣṭhatā -tvam or jyaiṣṭhyam, s. in age: vayojyaiṣṭhyam; according to s.: anujyaiṣṭhyam: v. Also superiority.

SENNIGHT:
     1 saptāhaḥ: v. Week;
     2 saptarātram and sim. comp.s (rare).

SENSATION:
     I In philo.: nearest word pratyakṣam, s. is of six kinds involving smell, taste, sight, touch, hearing, and mind: ghrāṇajaṃ rāsanaṃ cākṣuṣaṃ spārśanaṃ śrautraṃ mānasamiti ṣaḍvidhaṃ pratyakṣam, Par.
     II Consciousness: q. v.: cetanā.
     III Perception, knowledge: q. v.: upalabdhiḥ.
     IV A great impression: expr. by circumlo.: it created s. at the time: *janamanastatkālamācakarṣaitat.

SENSATIONAL: s. theory: pratyakṣamatam; s. novel: *hṛdayakṣobhikākhyāyikā.

SENSATIONALIST:
     1 pratyakṣavādin (f. ).

SENSE:
     I Organ: indriyam, s. of touch: sparśendriyam; s. of taste: rasanendriyam; etc. Ph.: to deprive one of the s. of sight: cakṣuṣī uddharati (with gen.), D.; and sound is the object of (the s. of) hearing: śabdo'pi gocaraḥ śruteḥ, Par. 53.
     II Perception, feeling: upalabdhiḥ. Ph.: to have s. of: cetayate, D. viii. or paśyati (= to see: q. v.).
     III Soundness of the faculties: common s.: vivekaḥ; moral s.: dharmabuddhiḥ (?); to recover s. s: saṃjñāṃ labhate, Ma. ix.; loss of s. s: dhīvibhramaḥ, Bha; one who has lost the s. of honour by decrepitude: jarāvaluptamānāvamānacitaḥ, D. i.
     IV Meaning:
     1 artha:, otherwise the plural "daughters" has no s.: anyathā duhitara iti bahuvacanamanarthakam, Da. 141.; do not take the saying in its real sense: paramārthena na gṛhyatāṃ vacaḥ, Sa. ii. 19.; have you comprehended its literal s.: api gṛhīto bhavatākṣarārthaḥ, Sa. v.; as the word api is not described in the s. of eva: apiśabdasyaivakārārthe'varṇanāt, Da.; a vocabulary of words having various s. s: nānārthaśabdakoṣaḥ, Medini;
     2 by sim. loc. in lexicons, ratna conveys the s. of 'superior' as well as of 'gem': ratnaṃ śreṣṭhe bhaṇāvapi, Viśva;
     3 māvaḥ. (= purport).

SENSIBLE:
     I Perceptible:
     1 indriyagrāhya (f. hyā);
     2 indriyagocara (f. ); and sim. comp. s.
     II Capable of perceiving: viṣayagrāhin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s. To be s. of = to perceive, feel: q. v.
     III Intelligent, shrewd: q. v.: buddhimat (f. ).
     IV As of replies: upayukta (f. ktā): v. Proper, suitable.

SENSIBLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by circumlo.: v. Sensible (I and
     II).
     II Judiciously, cleverly: q. v.: vivicya.

SENSITIVE:
     I Having sense:
     1 cetana (f. );
     2 sacetana (f. );
     3 cetanavat (f. ).
     II Easily affected:
     1 calendriya (f. : (?), Ki. ii. 39.;
     2 by circumlo.: v. To affect, move.

SENSITIVENESS:
     I Lit.: cetanatvam -tā saṃ-.
     II Acute sensibility:
     1 calendriyatvam -tā;
     2 mṛduprakṛtiḥ (= soft nature);
     3 by circumlo.

SENSITIVE PLANT:
     1 lajjāvatī;
     2 lajjāluḥ.

SENSUAL:
     I Lit.: by comp.: v. Sense.
     II Carnal: expr. with viṣaya or indriya in comp., became indifferent to s. pleasures: viṣayeṣu niḥspṛho'bhavat, R. viii. 10.; turning the mind from s. pleasures: nivartya viṣayasukhebhyo manaḥ, K.
     III Voluptuous:
     1 viṣayāsaktacetas (mfn.) and sim. comp.s;
     2 indriyasukhanirata (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SENSUALIST: v. Sensual (III).

SENSUALITY:
     1 viṣayāsaktiḥ;
     2 viṣayasukhāsaktiḥ;
     3 indriyasukhopabhogaḥ;
     4 suratasevā (= lewdness); etc.

SENTENCE (subs.):
     I Decision: q. v.: nirṇayaḥ.
     II Condemnation: daṇḍājñā and sim. comp. s. III. Maxim: sūtram.
     IV Of words: vākyam, complex s.: mahāvākyam, Sah.

SENTENCE (v.):
     1 ādiśati (diś, c. 6. = to order: q. v., s. d him to death: tasya vadhamādiśat;
     2 śāsti (śās, c. 2. = to chastise), will be s. d to this punishment: etena daṇḍena śāsyate, Mr. x.: v. Punishment.

SENTENTIOUS:
     1 laghu (f. ghvī);
     2 lāghavaguṇopeta (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SENTENTIOUSLY:
     1 laghu;
     2 salāghavam;
     3 by adj.

SENTIENT:
     1 cetana- in comp.;
     2 sacetana (f. );
     3 cetanāvat (f. );
     4 caitanyavat (f. ); sacetas (mfn.) and sim. comp.s (having heart).

SENTIMENT:
     I Thought, opinion: q. v.: matam.
     II Feeling, passion: rasaḥ, s. of love: śṛṅgārarasaḥ.
     III Sense: q. v.: bhāvaḥ.

SENTIMENTAL:
     I Of men:
     1 rasika (f. );
     2 sarāga (f. ; (?).
     II Of plays etc.: rasabhūyiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) and sim. comp.s (?).

SENTIMENTALISM, SENTIMENTALITY: rasikatā -tvam.

SENTINEL, SENTRY: rakṣin (f. ṇī): v. Guard.

SEPARABILITY:
     1 vibhājyatā;
     2 viyojanīyatā;
     3 viśleṣyatā.

SEPARABLE:
     1 vimājya (f. jyā = divisible);
     2 viyojanīya (f. );
     3 viśleṣya (f. ṣyā);
     4 viyogasaha (f. ); etc.: v. To separate.

SEPARATE (adj.):
     1 bhinna (f. nnā), vi-, having s ways: bhinnapatha (f. thā), R. viii. 85.;
     2 pṛthakkṛta (f. = S. d: rare), M.n.;
     3 vibhakta (f. ktā divided, as a joint family);
     4 viyukta (f. ktā = disunited): v. Different.

SEPARATE (v. t.):
     1 pṛthakkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), s. d the rice from the husk: tuṣaistaṇḍulān pṛthakcakāra, D. vi.;
     2 vi-yojayati or -yuṃkte vipra- visaṃ-, (yuj, c. 10. and 7. = to disunite), you will be s. d from your darling: viyokṣyase vallabhayā, N. i. 38.;
     4 viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ, = 2);
     4 vicchinatti (chid, c. 7. = to sever);
     5 antarayati (nomi. = to keep apart): v. Also to distinguish, divide.

SEPARATE (v. i.):
     1 pṛthagbhavati;
     2 vibhajyate (as a joint family);
     3 viśliṣyati (śliṣ, c. 4. = be disunited): v. Also above.

SEPARATELY:
     1 pṛthak, Si. ii. 10.;
     2 bhinnam vi-;
     3 saṃkīrṇam (?) M. n.

SEPARATION:
     I The act:
     1 pṛthakkaraṇam;
     2 viyojanam;
     3 viśleṣaṇam.
     II Disconnection:
     1 viyogaḥ, s. from lightning: vidyutā viprayogaḥ, Me. ii. 1.; time of s.: viyogakālaḥ, D. iii.;
     2 viśleṣaḥ, alarmed at s.: viśleṣakātara (f. ), Si.;
     3 virahaḥ, state of s.: virahāvasthā, Me.

SEPARATOR:
     1 pṛthakkārin (f. ṇī);
     2 viyojaka (f. jikā); etc.

SEPOY: sainikaḥ: v. Soldier.

SEPTEMBER: uttarabhādrapūrvāśvinasaṃvādī yuropīyavarṣasya navamo māsaḥ.

SEPTENARY:
     I Subs.: saptakam.
     II Adj.: by comp.

SEPTENNIAL:
     1 saptavārṣika (f. );
     2 saptavarṣīṇa (f. ṇā); etc.

SEPTUAGENARIAN:
     1 saptatika (f. );
     2 saptativarṣa (f. rṣā); etc.

SEPULCHRAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 samādhīya (f.
: (?).

SEPULCHRE:
     1 samādhiḥ;
     2 pretāvāsaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SEPULTURE: nidhānam.

SEQUEL:
     I A succeeding part: pariśiṣṭam. Ph.: in the s.: upariṣṭāt.
     II Consequence: q. v.: pariṇāmaḥ.

SEQUENCE: v. Sequel, succession.

SEQUESTER: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To separate.

SERAGLIO: avarodhaḥ, guard of the s.: avarodharakṣin (m.): v. Harem.

SERENE:
     1 prasanna (f. nnā): v. Clear;
     2 śānta (f. ntā): v. Calm. quiet;
     3 vimala (f. ): v. Pure, clean.

SERENELY:
     1 prasannam: v. Clearly;
     2 śāntam: v. Calmly.

SERENITY:
     1 prasannatā;
     2 śāntiḥ: q. v.: Clearness, calmness.

SERF: dāsaḥ: v. Slave.

SERFDOM: dāsyam: v. Slavery.

SERGEANT: *saṃrakṣakaḥ adhirakṣakaḥ.

SERIATIM:
     1 yathākramam;
     2 ānupūrvyeṇa;
     3 anupūrvaśaḥ.

SERIES:
     I Continuous line:
     1 tatiḥ;
     2 mālā;
     3 rājiḥ.
     II In math:
     1 cayaḥ, Li.
     III Regular succession: kramaḥ.

SERIOUS:
     I Grave: q. v.: gambhīra (f. ).
     II Weighty, important: q. v.: guru (f. also rvī).
     III In earnest: expr. by na parihasati (has, c. 1. = not jest) or satyaṃ bravīti (brū, c. 2. = to speak truth).

SERIOUSLY:
     I Gravely: q. v.: gambhīram.
     II In earnest:
     1 perh. gambhīram;
     2 satyam: v. Truly;
     3 by circumlo.

SERIOUSNESS:
     I Gravity: q. v.: gambhīratā.
     II Importance: q. v.: gurutā.
     III Earnestness:
     1 gambhīratā;
     2 by circumlo.

SERMON: vaktṛtā (= speech); dharmaviṣayiṇī vaktṛtā (?).

SEROUS: perh. jalīya (f. ) or drava- in comp.

SERPENT:
     1 sarpaḥ;
     2 bhujaṅgaḥ -maḥ or bhujagaḥ;
     3 ahiḥ;
     4 pannagaḥ;
     5 uragaḥ;
     6 nāgaḥ;
     7 phaṇin (m.);
     8 āśīviṣaḥ;
     9 darvīkaraḥ;
     10 dandaśūkaḥ: v. Snake.

SERPENTINE:
     1 by comp., s. course: bhujaṅgaprayātam, P.;
     2 sārpa (f. rpī: rare) and sim. deriv.

SERRATE, -D:
     1 karapatranibha (f. bhā (?);
     2 krakacābha (f. bhā: (?); etc.

SERRIED (adj.):
     1 saṃhata (f. );
     2 saṃśliṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

SERUM: no equiv.: payas (n.) or jalam, may be used.

SERVANT:
     1 bhṛtyaḥ, engages a s. without fixing his wages: vetanaparicchedamakṛtvaiva bhṛtyaṃ kārayati, Mit.; you (are our) master, we (are) s. s: vayaṃ bhṛtyā bhavān svāmī, M.p.;
     2 bhṛtaḥ -kaḥ (rare), if a s. does not do his work after receiving pay: gṛhītavetanaḥ karma na karoti yathā bhṛtaḥ, Vri.; s. s are of three kinds-- superior, inferior (menial), and mean (agricultural): bhṛtakastrividho jñeyaḥ uttamādhamamadhyamaḥ, N. s.; a s. paid in money: arthabhṛtaḥ; in kind: bhogabhṛtaḥ, N. s.;
     3 sevakaḥ, with her s.: svasevakena saha, H. iv.;
     4 dāsaḥ: v. Slave;
     5 ceṭaḥ (= page);
     6 kiṅkaraḥ (= domestic s.), by many disguised s. s: anekacchannakiṅkaraiḥ, D. viii.

SERVE (v.):
     I Lit.: sevate upa- saṃ-, (sev, c. 1.), to s. a big lord: parameśvaraṃ sevate, H. ii. 28.; in s.ing a master: svāmisevāyām, H. ii.; s. for salvation: saṃsevante vimuktyai, Ki. xviii. 24.
     II To wait on, attend: q. v.: sevate ni- upa- ā- pari-.
     III As in table, to s. out, to s. up: paryaveṣayati (c. of viṣ), s. d Brāhmaṇas: brāhmaṇān paryaveṣayan, Ram,
     IV To do good to, benefit: q. v.: upakaroti (kṛ, c. 8.).
     V To be sufficient: q. v.: paryāpta (f. ptā).
     VI To use, manage: q. v.: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.).
     VII To treat: q. v.
     VIII In law, to deliver or execute: nirvāhayati (c. of vah: (?): v. To summon, arrest. To s. out (i. e. to retaliate: q. v.): pratiśodhaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with gen. of the object).

SERVICE:
     I Lit.: sevā, seeking money by s.: sevayā dhanamicchadbhiḥ, H. ii. 20.; not acquainted with s. (how to serve): sevānabhijñaḥ, H; by s., by agriculture: nṛpasevayā kṛṣikarmaṇā, P.; I have done fruitless s.: sevā kṛtā niṣphalā, J. Ph.: I am quite at your s.: yathecchaṃ niyujyatāmayaṃ janaḥ.
     II Work: karman (n.,) pay is the price for s.: vetanaṃ karmamūlyam, Mit.; military s.: sainikakarmanṃ (n.); to be in s.: karma karoti; out of s.: niṣkarman (mfn.).
     III Help:
     1 upakāraḥ (= benefit), to render s. to friends: suhṛdāmupakārakāraṇāt, H. ii. 35.;
     2 sāhāyyam (= assistance).
     IV Use: q. v.: upayogaḥ.
     V Religious: sevā, divine s.: īśvarasevā (after harisaṃkīrtanam of the Vaiṣṇavas).
     VI Of vessels: silver s.: rajatabhājanāni (n. pl.).
     VII In law: perh. nirvāhaḥ.

SERVICEABLE:
     I Useful, beneficial: q. v.: upayogin (f. )
     II Fit for duty:
     1 kāryakṣama (f. );
     2 karmakuśala (f. ), and sim. comp.s.

SERVICEABLENESS:
     1 upayogitā: v. Usefulness;
     2 kāryakṣamatā: v. Activity, skill.

SERVICEABLY: upayuktam: v. Usefully.

SERVILE:
     1 by comp., s. state: dāsa- or dāsīmāvaḥ, Mah.;
     2 by adv. dāsavat: v. Also abject, mean.

SERVILELY: dāsavat: v. Also meanly.

SERVILITY, SERVILENESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 dāsyam;
     2 dāsatā -tvam (also dāsītā -tvam of females).
     II Slavish deference:
     1 expr. with dāsavat;
     2 caraṇāvapātaḥ and sim. comp. s.: v. Also meanness.

SERVING (adj.): s. -man: ceṭaḥ; s. -maid: ceṭī.

SERVITOR:
     I Lit.: sevakaḥ: v. Servant, attendant.
     II At Oxford: paricārakaḥ (??).

SERVITUDE: dāsyam: v. Servility (I), service (I).

SESAME, SESAMUM: tilaḥ (= both the plant and its seed), s. oil: tilatailam, Bha.; fit for s. (as ground): tilya (f. lyā), A.

SESQUIPEDALIAN: of words: perh. bāhudīrgha (f. rghā).

SESSION: upaveśaḥ -nam. Ph.: to hold criminal s. s: *daṇḍaśāsanaṃ karoti; s. s. judge: *daṇḍādhikaraṇikaḥ; s. s (the period): *śāsanakālaḥ.

SESTERCE: mudrāviśeṣaḥ; dīnārapādaḥ.

SET (adj.):
     I Fixed, intent: q. v.: dṛḍha (f. ḍhā).
     II Regular, uniform: q. v.: vinyasta (f. stā).
     III Prescribed: vihita (f. ).

SET (subs.):
     I S. ing: astamayaḥ -nam, R. ix. 9.: v. To set (v. i.).
     II A number of things: jātam.
     III Of persons: jātiḥ.

SET (v. t.):
     I To put: q. v.: sthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To lay:
     1 nidadhāti or dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), s. s an arrow on his bow: nijadhanuryantre nidhatte śaram, B. r. iv. 25.;
     2 karoti, in special phrases, s.ting (his) feet on our necks: kṛtvā padaṃ no gale, Mu. iii. 26.
     III Of stones:
     1 ni-dadhāti or -dhatte praṇi-, if gem is s. on lead: yadi maṇistrapuṇi praṇidhīyate, H. ii.; (pratibadhyate, P.);
     2 khacati (khac, c. 1. = to inlay), C.;
     3 sanniveśayati (c. of viś);
     4 yojayati (yuj, c. 10.: lit = join).
     IV To plant: q. v.: ropayati (c. of ruh).
     V To direct;
     1 nirdiśati (diś, c. 6.);
     2 often by causal.
     VI To regulate, adjust: perh. samīkaroti.
     VII Of limbs: samaṃ sandadhāti or -dhatte, C. s.; to become s.: sandhānaṃ yāti, etc., Bha. Misc.: (a) to s. a trap: pāśaṃ yojayati; (b) to s. in motion: cālayati: v. To move; (c) to s. sail:
     1 nāvaṃ muñcati, D.;
     2 lit., vātavasanamuttolya gacchati; (d) to s. teeth on edge: dantaharṣaṃ janayati; (e) to s. right: samīkaroti (?); (f.) to s. the fire: agniṃ dadāti (with loc.); (g) to s. free: v. To free, release; (h) to s. at nought: tṛṇāya manyate (man, c. 4.).

SET (v. i.):
     I Of heavenly bodies:
     1 astaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), yāti (, c. 2.), vrajati (vraj, c. 1.), when the sun was s. ting: sūrye'stamupagacchati; when the sun had s.: astamite sūrye, Mah. vi.;
     2 astagirim ārohati (ruh, c. 1.), prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.), etc. (with ref. to the fabulous mount); the sun is s.ting: girimastaṃ bhānumān pratipadyate; then when the sun had s.: astaṃ girimathārūḍhe bhāskare, Mah. vi.;
     3 patati (fall), majjati (= sink), etc, (poet), about to s.: patiṣyat, Si. ix. 6.; with the half-s. sun: sāmi majjati ravau, Ki. ix. 5.;
     4 abhinimlocati (mluc, c. 1.) (rare). Ph.: s. ting time: astagamanavelā and sim. comp.s.
     II To undertake: q. v.: vyavasyati (as, c. 4.).

SET ABOUT: ārabhate (rabh, c. 1.): v. To begin, undertake.

SET AGAINST: pratyavasthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. To oppose.

SET APART: pṛthag rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. Also to keep by.

SET ASIDE:
     1 avakṣipati (kṣip, c. 1. = to cast aside);
     2 parāvartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To revoke, annul.

SET BEFORE:
     I To exhibit: paridarśayati (c. of dṛś).
     II To serve: q. v.: pariveṣayati (c. of viṣ).

SET DOWN:
     I To enter: q. v.: niveśayati (c, of viś).
     II To ordain: q. v.: nirdiśati diś, c. 6.).
     III To rebuke: ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).

SET FORTH: vinyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To display, describe.

SET FORWARD:
     I To set out: q. v.
     II To promote, advance: q. v.

SET IN: āgacchati upa- samupa-, (gam, c. 1.), the hot season had s. in: vasantakālaḥ samupāgataḥ, Ri. i. 1.: v. To come. Ph.: to s. in motion: saṃcālayati (c. of cal): v. To move; s. in order: v. To arrange.

SET OFF:
     I To separate: pṛthakkaroti.
     II With against: tulayati (tul, c. 10.).
     III To embellish, adorn: q. v.: saṃskaroti.
     IV To praise: q. v.: praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.)

SET ON:
     I To excite, instigate: q. v.: pravartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To employ: s. the heart on: mano badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) or abhiniveśayati (c. of viś) (with loc.). Ph.: (a) s. on fire: jvalayati (c. of jval): v. Fire, set on; (b) s. on foot: pravartayati (c. of vṛt): v. Also to begin.

SET OUT:
     1 pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.), Si. iii. 1.: v. To depart;
     2 calati (cal, c. 1.). Ki. xiv. 27.;
     3 nirgacchati (gam, c. 1. = to go out);
     4 abhivartate (vṛt, c. 1.: with acc.). D. v.

SET TO: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To bind, fasten. Ph.: s. to music: svarabaddhaṃ (ddhāṃ) karoti.

SET UP:
     I To erect, raise: q. v.: utthāpayati (c. of sthā).
     II To begin: q. v.: perh. utyāpayati.

SET UPON: v. To set on, attack.

SETTEE: śayanam or śayanīyam (?): v. Couch.

SETTER:
     I Of jewels:
     1 yojayit (f. trī);
     2 nidhātṛ (f. trī).
     II A dog: ākheṭikaḥ kukkurabhedaḥ.

SETTING (subs.):
     I Sinking: astagamanam etc.: v. Set (v. i.).
     II Of stones:
     1 yojanā;
     2 nidhānam;
     3 sanniveśaḥ.

SETTLE (subs.): āsanam: v. Seat.

SETTLE (v. t.):
     I To fix, establish: q. v.: sthāpayati saṃ- ava- (c. of sthā).
     II To determine, decide: q. v.: vyavasthāpayati.
     III Of lands: vāsayati adhi-, (c. of vas).
     IV As an annuity: dadāti (, c. 3. = to give).
     V To adjust, arrange: q. v.
     VI As disputes:
     1 nivartayati (c. of vṛt);
     2 expr. with sandhiṃ karoti.

SETTLE (v. i.):
     I To fall to the bottom: tale patati (pat, c. 1.).
     II To become fixed:
     1 sthirībhavati;
     2 vyavatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.: rare).
     III To fix one's habitation:
     1 nivāsaṃ sthirīkaroti;
     2 saṃvasati (vas, c. 1.: rare).
     IV To sink, as a building: sīdati ava- vi-, (sad, c. 1.).
     V To come to an agreement: sandhiṃ karoti, Mit.: to s. out of court: mithaḥ praśamaṃ yāti, Mit.
     VI To make a jointure: vṛttiṃ or saudāyikaṃ dadāti.

SETTLEMENT:
     I Establishment: sthāpanam saṃ- ava-.
     II Of lands:
     1 vāsanam adhi- (?);
     2 saṃsthāpanam (?)
     III A colony: upaniveśaḥ (?).
     IV A dower, jointure: q. v.: saudāyikam.
     V Adjustment, arrangement: q. v.: sandhānam.
     VI Of debts etc.: śodhanam.
     VII Drugs: malam.

SETTLER:
     I Lit.: vāsin (f. ), adhi-.
     II Fig.: nirṇetṛ (f. trī).

SEVEN: saptan, in s. parts or ways: saptadhā; s. hundred: saptaśataṃ (); s. collectively: saptakam; thrice s. times: triḥsaptakṛtvaḥ, Vi.; three of us and s. of Pāṇḍavas: trayo'smākaṃ pāṇḍavānāñca sapta, Mah. i. 1. 220.; for s. or eight days: saptāṣṭadivasān, Mah. v. 160. 39.

SEVENFOLD: saptaguṇa (f. ṇā) or saptaguṇitaḥ (tā taṃ).

SEVENTH:
     I Adj.: saptamaḥ (mī maṃ).
     II Subs.:
     1 saptamaḥ;
     2 saptamāṃśaḥ;
     3 saptāṃśaḥ: v. Part.

SEVENTHLY:
     1 saptamataḥ;
     2 saptamam.

SEVENTEEN:
     1 saptadaśan, s. th: saptadaśa (f. śī); s. times: saptadaśavārān; hundred and s.: saptadaśādhikaśatam, Mah.

SEVENTIETH: saptatitamaḥ (mī maṃ). Hundred-and-s.: saptatyadhikaśatatamaḥ (mī maṃ), Mah.; etc.

SEVENTY: saptatiḥ, s. -nine: ūnāśītiḥ or ekonāśītiḥ or navasaptatiḥ; s. -first: ekasaptatitamaḥ (mī maṃ) or (rarely) ekasaptataḥ (tī taṃ) (after S. k.); s.- fold: saptatiguṇa (f. ṇā); seven hundred and s.- five slokas: ślokasaptaśatī cāpi pañcasaptatisaṃyutā, Mah. i. 2. 304.

SEVER (v.): pṛthakkaroti: v. To separate.

SEVERAL:
     I Distinct: q. v.
     II Many, numerous: q. v.: aneke (-kāḥ -kāni: pl.).
     III Respective: q. v.: sva (f. svā) doubled, their s. weapons: svaṃ svaṃ praharaṇaṃ teṣām, Mah. i. 27. 38.

SEVERALLY:
     I = each: q. v.
     II Separately: pṛthak pṛthak.

SEVERE:
     I Of persons:
     1 khara (f. ), pra-, was neither s. nor very mild: na kharo na ca bhūyasā mṛduḥ, R. viii. 9.;
     2 tokṣṇa (f. kṣṇā), Ka.;
     3 niṣṭhura (f. ): v. Cruel;
     4 paruṣa (f. ṣā) ; v. Rough, harsh.
     II Of things etc.
     1 tīvra (f. vrā), s. affliction: tīvrāmiṣaṅgaḥ, Ku. iii. 73.;
     2 caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), pra-, s. heat: pracaṇḍātapaḥ, Ri. i. 10.;
     3 ugra (f. grā), s. penances: ugraṃ tapas Vi. iii. 44.;
     4 khara (f. ), pra-: v. Also fierce, unbearable.

SEVERELY:
     1 niṣṭhuram;
     2 paruṣam;
     3 caṇḍam pra-;
     4 ugram;
     5 kharam pra-;
     6 tīkṣṇam: for dif.: v. Severe.

SEVERITY:
     1 niṣṭhuratā or naiṣṭhuryam (= cruelty);
     2 paruṣatā or pāruṣyam (= harshness);
     3 prakharatā or prākharyam (= sharpness);
     4 ugratā (= 3);
     5 caṇḍatā pra-;
     6 tīvratā;
     7 tīkṣṇatā.

SEW: sīvyati ni- pari- vi- (siv, c. 4.), s. ed the cloth with the eye: cakṣuṣā saha tadvāsaḥ syūtavān, M. n. on Si. xviii. 29.; s. ing the garments of infamy: sīvyati duryaśaḥpaṭau, N. i. 80.

SEWER: praṇālī: v. Drain.

SEX.: of the s. es: strīpuṃsayoḥ, D. ii.: v. Male, female.

SEXAGENARIAN:
     1 ṣaṣṭika (f. );
     2 ṣaṣṭivarṣa (f. rṣā).

SEXTANT: per instrument: koṇabhāpaḥ.

SEXTON: samādhikhanakaḥ and sim. comp. s. (??).

SEXUAL: strīpuṃsa- in comp., s. characteristics: strīpuṃsa- or puṃstrīlakṣaṇam, (see V. s. 78. ch.) Ph.: s. desire: kāmaḥ: v. Passion; s. intercourse: saṃsargaḥ: v. Intercourse, copulation.

SHABBILY: expr. by adj. or comp., s. dressed: kadaryaveṣa (f. ṣā).

SHABBINESS:
     1 kadaryatā;
     2 jaghanyatā;
     3 kutsitatā.

SHABBY:
     1 kadarya (f. ryā): v. Mean;
     2 kutsita (f. = despicable);
     3 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā = miserly).

SHACKLE:
     I Subs.: nigaḍaḥ. v Chain
     1
     II Verb: nigaḍayati (nomi.), D. i.: v. To bind, enchain.

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SHAD: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SHADE (subs.):
     I Lit.: chāyā, in the cool s. of a Jambu tree: jambuvṛkṣasya śītalacchāyāyām, Va.; will enter the s.: pravekṣyati chāyām, Ve.; where heat is put off by the s. of banners: dhvajacchāyanivāritoṣṇam, R. vii. 4. (note the form chāya for abundance).
     II A shadow: q. v.: chāyā.
     III A spirit: q. v.: chāyā, the s. s of the flesh-eaters: piśitāśanānāṃ chāyāḥ, Sa.
     IV Of a picture: chāyā (?).
     V A degree: Ph.: s. s. of difference: sūkṣmabhedāḥ.
     VI A screen: q. v.: Ph.: to cast into s.: tiraskaroti: v. To eclipse.

SHADE (v.):
     I To shelter from heat: ātapam uṣṇaṃ nivārayati, (vṛ, c. 10.). R, vii. 4. Ph.: this place is not s. d: ātapākrānto'yamuddeśaḥ, Mah. iv.
     II To cover: q. v.: chādayati (chad, c. 10.).
     III In painting: *aprakāśīkaroti.

SHADOW:
     I Lit.: chāyā, the s. of the earth: bhūmeśchāyā, R.; to assail even the s. of Janaka: videharājasya chāyāmapyavaskanditum, Vi. iii.
     II Fig., faint resemblance: gandhaḥ (= scent: q. v.), s. of a doubt: sandehasya gandho'pi, after S., Si.

SHADOWY:
     I Shady: q. v.
     II Unreal, false: q. v.: chāyārūpa (f. ) (?).

SHADY:
     1 by comp., s. tree: chāyāvṛkṣaḥ, R. x. 5.;
     2 chāyāpradhānaḥ (nā naṃ) and sim. comp.s, M. n.;
     3 ātaparahitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp. s. (= without heat: of places).

SHAFT:
     I Of an arrow: kāṇḍa (mn.), carrying s. s on the back: kāṇḍapṛṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā), Vi.: v. Also arrow.
     II Handle: daṇḍaḥ.
     III Of a column: daṇḍaḥ "stambhadaṇḍaiḥ", D. i.
     IV Of a carriage: perh. daṇḍaḥ: v. Pole (II.)
     V Of a mine: perh. kūpaḥ.

SHAG:
     I A kind of cloth: no equiv.: *paruṣakam.
     II A bird: madaguḥ.

SHAGGINESS:
     I Lit.: lo (ro) maśatā.
     II Roughness: rukṣatā.

SHAGGY:
     I Lit.: lo (ro) maśa (f. śā).
     II Rough: q. v.

SHAH: yavanarājaḥ: Monarch.

SHAKE (v. i.):
     1 kampate pra-, (kamp, c. 1.), his lips s. ing: kampādharaḥ, Ku. xvii. 16.; along with the trees the Lord of Prāgjyotisha shook (with fear): saha drumaiḥ prāgjyotiṣeśvaraścakampe, R. iv. 81.;
     2 vepate (= to tremble: q. v.);
     3 calati (= to move: in fig. senses).

SHAKE (v. t.):
     1 kampayati pra-, (c. of kamp), s. ing the earth: prakampayan gām, Ki. xiv. 29.; as it cannot be s. n by others: aprakampyatayānyeṣām, Ki. xi. 39.;
     2 dhūnoti or dhūnoyati or dhuvati or dhunāti or dhūnīte vi- ava- (dhū, c. 5., 10., 6., 9.), he shook his body not once: adhūnīta tanaṃ sa naikadhā, N. ii. 2.; Arjuna s.ing (his) bow: vidhuvati dhanuḥ......pāṇḍusūnau, Ki. xvi. 65.

SHAKE OFF: nir-dhūnīte or dhūnayati ava- vi-: v. To dispel.

SHAKE (subs.):
     1 kampaḥ, with a. s. of the head: kampena mūrdhnaḥ, Ku. vii. 49.;
     2 dhūtiḥ vi- ava- (rare), the pillar which was s.ing: stambhamupahitadhūtim, Si. xv. 6.;
     3 kampanam dhūnanam, etc. (= s.ing).

SHAKY: asthiraḥ, (= unsteady: q. v.).

SHALL:
     I As a sign of future tense: by ḷṭ or luṭ (not of today) (G. Par. 340-3).
     II In injunctions: by vidhiliṅ, s. live in woods, making a shed of leaves: vane parṇakuṭīṃ kṛtvā vaset, V. s.

SHALLOP: tarīviśeṣaḥ.

SHALLOW (adj.):
     I Not deep: gādhaḥ (f. dhā), making rivers s.: saritaḥ kurvatī gādhāḥ, R. iv. 24.
     II Fig.: gādha (f. dhā), s. learning: pallavagrāhi pāṇḍityam, H.: v. Also small.

SHALLOW (subs.): gādhasthalam (?); saikatam (= sand-bank).

SHALLOWNESS:
     1 gādhatā;
     2 kṣudratā: v. Smallness.

SHAM:
     I Subs.: vyapadeśaḥ: v. Pretence, deceit.
     II Adj.: by comp.: v. Affected, false.
     III Verb: apa-diśati vi-, (diś, c. 6.): v. To pretend.

SHAM-FIGHT: perh. mithyāyuddham krīḍāyuddham.

SHAMBLE: śū () : v. Also butcher.

SHAMBLING (adj.):
     1 vakra (f. krā): v. Crooked;
     2 virūpa (f. ): v. Awkward;
     3 viṣama (f. ): v. Uneven;
     4 cañcala (f. ): v. Unsteady.

SHAME (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 lajjā, like the feeling of s. in women: lajjeva yoṣitaḥ, Si. ii. 44.; casting off s.: vihāya lajjām, K.; feeling s.: sañjātalajjaḥ, K.: v. Ashamed (feel);
     2 hīḥ, having no s.: nirhrokaḥ (kā kaṃ), K.;
     3 trapā, out of s., even my speech does not come out in words: vāgeva me nābhidhe yaviṣayamavatarati trapayā, K.;
     4 vrīḍaḥ -ḍā (rare), no one feels s. in extolling you: vrīḍameti na tava priyaṃ vadan, Si. xiv. 2.
     II Disgrace: q. v.: apamānaḥ.

SHAME (interj.): dhik, s. on us who bear their arms for nothing: viphalaśastrabhṛto dhigasmān, Ve. iii. 11. (G. Par. 166).

SHAME (v.):
     I To make ashamed:
     1 lajjayati (c. of lajj), Vi. v. 11.;
     2 hrepayati (c. of hrī), Ki. xiii. 41.;
     3 vrīḍayati (c. of vrīḍ), Ki. xiii. 47.;
     4 trapayati (c. of trap);
     5 lajjāṃ etc. janayati (c. of jan: with gen.),
     II To disgrace: q. v.

SHAMEFUL (adj.):
     1 lajjākara (f. );
     2 hrepaṇa (f. ṇī), very s., improper for maidens: atihrepaṇamakulakumārījanocitam, K. iii.;
     3 vrīḍājanana (f. ); etc.: v. Also odious.

SHAMEFULLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

SHAMELESS:
     1 nirlajja (f. jjā);
     2 nihrīka (f. );
     3 nistrapa or nirapatrapa (f. );
     4 lajjāhīna (f. );
     5 vītavīḍa (f. ḍā); and sim. comp.s.

SHAMELESSLY: lajjāṃ vihāya utsṛjya nirasya, etc.

SHAMELESSNESS:
     1 nirlajjatā -tvam;
     2 nistrapatā;
     3 lajjāhīnatā; etc.

SHAMPOO: saṃvāhayati (c. of vah), shall I s. your feet: saṃvāhayāmi caraṇau, Sa. iii. 25.

SHAMPOOER: saṃvāhaka (f. hikā), profession of a s.: saṃvāhakasya vṛttiḥ, Mr. ii.

SHAMROCK: tripatralatāviśeṣaḥ.

SHANK
     I Of the leg: jaṅghāsthi (n.). Ph.: having long s. s: dīrghajaṅgha (f. ṅghā): v. Leg.
     II Of other things: bandhaḥ may be used.

SHAPE:
     I Subs.: ākāraḥ: v. Form.
     II Verb: ākāraṃ vidadhāti (dhā, c. 3: with gen.) or sim. vidadhāti: v. To form, make.

SHAPELESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 nirākāra (f. );
     2 nirākṛti (mfn);
     3 amūrta (f. rtā);
     4 virūpa (f. ); etc.
     II Deformed: q. v.: virūpa (f. ).

SHAPELESSNESS:
     I Lit.: nirākāratā.
     II Deformity: vairūpyam.

SHAPELY: surūpa (f. ): v. Beautiful.

SHARD: khaṇḍaḥ (mfn.): v. Piece.

SHARE (subs.):
     I In gen.: aṃśaḥ, he gets two s. s, the rest one each: tasya dvāvaṃśau śeṣāṇāmekaikaḥ, Viv.; they are entitled to a third s.: te tṛtīyāṃśabhāginaḥ, Viv.; eunuchs and outcastes have no s.: anaṃśau klīvapatitau, M. ix. 201.; "samo nyūno'dhiko vāṃśo yena kṣiptastathaiva saḥ | vyayaṃ dadyāt karma kuryāllābhaṃ gṛhnīta caiva hi", Vri.;
     2 bhāgaḥ, apportionment of s. s: bhāgakalpanā, Viv.; two s. s are to be given him, the rest s. equally: tasya bhāgadvayaṃ śeṣāstu samabhāginaḥ, Viv. Ph.: to go s. s: aṃśin (f. ) bhavati: v. Sharer.
     II Of a plough: phālaḥ: v. Ploughshare.

SHARE (v. i.): i. e. to have a s.: v. Share (subs. and v. t.).

SHARE (v. t.):
     I To divide: q. v.: vibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.).
     II To have a portion of: aśaṃ or bhāgaṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1.), labhate (labh, c. 1.). etc. (with gen).
     III To enjoy with others: bhuṃkte (bhuj, c. 7.): v. To enjoy. IV. Fig.: the boon companions s. your pleasures and pains: samaduḥkhasukhaḥ sakhījanaḥ, R. viii. 65.; as if s. ing their distress: samaduḥkhā iva, 39.

SHARE:
     1 aṃśin (f. );
     2 bhāgin (f. );
     3 aṃśaharaḥ (rā raṃ) and sim. comp.s.

SHAREHOLDER: aśaṃbhāgin (f. ); aṃśagrāhin (f. ṇī), and sim. comp. s.

SHARK:
     I A kind of fish:
     1 grāhaḥ;
     2 hāṅgaraḥ (rare).
     II A cheat, rogue.: q. v.: vakavṛttiḥ, v. p. iii. 1899.

SHARP (adj.):
     1 tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā), s. weapon: tīkṣṇamastram; s.-pointed: (= tīkṣṇāgra) (f. grā), P. 44.: s. needle: tīkṣṇā sucī, Kāśikā; intellect s. but not piercing: tīkṣṇā nāruntudā buddhiḥ, Si. ii. 109.; s. means: tīkṣṇopāyaḥ, P. 3. 16.; euphorbia is purgative and s.: sehuṇḍo recanastīkṣṇaḥ, Bha.; very s. shower: sutīkṣṇadhārā, Ri. ii. 4.; s. punishment: tīkṣṇo daṇḍaḥ, Ka. ii. 37.;
     2 ni-śi (śā) ta (f. ) (= s. -ended), s. weapon: niśātā hetiḥ, Ki.; s. intellect: niśitā buddhiḥ, M. n.;
     3 khara (f. ), (not of smell or taste), s. -witted: prakharabuddhiḥ (mfn.);
     4 tigma (f. gmā: rare), Vi. v. 53.;
     5 ugra (f. grā = not of mind etc.: in good sense); s. arrow: ugreṣuḥ, Ki. xiv. 58.; s. -smelling: ugragandha (f. ndhā), Bha.;
     6 tīvra (f. vrā = 5), very s.- rayed: tīvratarāṃśumālin (f. ), Ri. ii. 18.

SHARP (subs.): in music: perh. uttānaḥ.

SHARP-EDGED:
     1 tīkṣṇadhāra (f. );
     2 ni-śi(śā)tadhāra (f. );
     3 prakharadhāra (f. );
     4 dhārāla (f. ), Ku. xvi. 35.

SHARPEN:
     1 ut-tejayati (tij, c. 10.: lit. and fig.), s. ed the flower-bow with rays: kusumacāpamatejayadaṃśubhiḥ, R. ix. 39.;
     2 śāṇayati (nomi.: as on a whet), s. ed on a sharp sword: niśitanistriṃśaśāṇita (f. ), C. v.;
     3 śyati ni-, (śo, c. 4.: rare), or ni-śātayati (c. of śo), s. ed weapons: -nyaśyannastrāṇi, B. xvii. 4.;
     4 tīkṣṇīkaroti;
     5 kṣṇauti pra-, (kṣṇu, c. 2.: very rare), B.

SHARPER: dhūrtaḥ: v. Cheat, rogue.

SHARPLY:
     1 tīkṣṇam, roaring very s.: sutīkṣṇaṃ dhvanatām, Si. ii. 10.;
     2 prakharam;
     3 tigmam;
     4 tīvram;
     5 ugram: v. Sharp (adj.).

SHARPNESS:
     1 tīkṣṇatā, s. in the points of Kuśa not in conduct: tīkṣṇatā kuśāgreṣu na svabhāveṣu, K.;
     2 taikṣṇyam;
     3 prakharatā or prākharyam;
     4 tigmatā or taigmyam;
     5 ugratā;
     6 tīvratā: v. Sharp.

SHARP-SET:
     I Hungry: q. v.: kṣudhāvasanna (f. nnā).
     II Eager: q. v.

SHARP-SIGHTED:
     1 tīkṣṇadṛṣṭi (mfn.);
     2 tīkṣṇadṛś (mfn.); etc.

SHARP-SIGHTEDLY:
     1 tīkṣṇadṛṣṭyā;
     2 tigmadṛśā, etc.

SHATTER (v. t.):
     1 śṛṇāti vi- ava- pari (śṝ, c. 9.), the king of mountains s. ed to pieces: viśīryamāṇaḥ śailendraḥ, Ram. ii. 71, 17.; blasphemers are naturally s. ed: devanindakaḥ svayaṃ viśīryate, H. iv. 42.;
     2 khaṇḍaśaḥ; or śatakhaṇḍaśaḥ bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7. = to break to pieces): v. To rend, burst.

SHAVE (v.):
     I With a razor:
     1 muṇḍayati (muṇḍ, c. 10.) (of the hair of the entire head), s. ing the head: muṇḍaṃ muṇḍayitvā, Mr. v.; the Śakas half-s. n: ardhamuṇḍān śakān, V. p. iv. 3. 21.;
     2 kṣureṇa kalpate (kḷp, c. 1. = to clip), etc., tadasyāḥ pañcacūḍatvaṃ kṣurakḷptaṃ śiraḥ kuru, K. s. xii. 163.;
     3 vāpayati ā- pari-, (vap, c. 10.: rare);
     4 kṣurati (kṣur, c. 6.) (very rare).
     II To cut off: q. v.: lunāti (, c. 9.).
     III To skim along: āgharṣati (ghṛṣ, c. 1.).

SHAVER:
     I Lit.: kṣaurikaḥ: v. Barber.
     II Fig.: lubdhaka: v. Also cheat.
     III Col., a boy: māṇavakaḥ.

SHAVING (subs.):
     I The act.:
     1 muṇḍanam or mauṇḍyam (of the entire head), mauṇḍye prāṇāntiko daṇḍaḥ, M. viii. 379.;
     2 kṣauram, for s.: kṣaurakaraṇāya, H. ii.;
     3 vāpaḥ -nam (rare), s. of the head: śirovāpanam, Vas.
     II A thin slice: śakalam.

SHAWL: probably kambalaḥ, D. viii.

SHE:
     I Pro.: : v. He.
     II In comp.: she-wolf: vṛkī; she-goat: ajā, she-rhinoceros: khaḍgidhenukā, K.; etc.

SHEAF:
     1 muṣṭiḥ;
     2 tāḍaḥ "muṣṭimeye tṛṇādike", H. c.

SHEAR:
     I Lit.: lunāti (, c. 9.): v. To cut.
     II To rob, deprive: q. v.: harati (hṛ, c. 1.). Shorn of: vīta- in comp.; s. of master: vītanātha (f. thā), R. xvi. 9.: v. Devoid of.

SHEARER: lomacchedaka (f. dikā), -chid (mfn.), -lāva (f. ), etc.

SHEARS:
     1 khaṇḍadhārā;
     2 kartarī ( (?).

SHEATH:
     I Case:
     1 koṣaḥ (śaḥ), a s. made of tiger-skin: vaiyāghrakośaḥ; in a golden s.: hemamaye kośe, Mah. iv. 42. 12. 15.;
     2 pidhānam (= covering).
     II In botany: śuṅgā.

SHEATHE (v.):
     I To put in a case: koṣe (śe) nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.), niveśayati (c. of viś), arpayati (c. of ), etc., Mah. iv. 42. 13. Ph.: to s. the sword (fig.): khaṅgaṃ samāpayati, (after paraśuṃ samāpayati, Vi. iii.).
     II To be busy, thrust deeply: nidadhāti.

SHEATHING (subs.): to cover a ship's bottom: pidhānam (?).

SHEAVE: perh. cakram or -kam.

SHED (v.):
     1 pātayati (c. of pat = to let fall), shall never s. blood: nāsramāpātayejjātu, M. iii. 229.;
     2 muñcati vi- pari- (muc, c. 6. = to discharge, let go), s. tears: mumocāśrūṇi, Ram. ii. 58. 25.;
     3 sṛjati (sṛj, c. 6. = 2.), s. tears: amnākṣarasram, B. iii. 17.;
     4 tyajati pari- (tyaj, c. 1. = 1.), to s. feathers: picchaṃ parityajati, P. iii. 6.;
     5 srāvayati (c. of sru, = let flow), what (blood) was s.: yat prasusrāva, Mah. iv. 63. 50.;
     6 kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6. = to cast: q. v.: as lustre).

SHED (subs.): śālā, cow-s.: gośālā or goṣṭham.

SHEDDER:
     1 pātaka (f. tikā);
     2 srāvaka (f. vikā);
     3 mocaka (f. cikā): v. To shed.

SHEEN:
     I Adj.: ujjvala (f. ): v. Bright.
     II Subs.: v. Brilliancy.

SHEEP:
     I Lit.:
     1 meṣaḥ: v. Ram.;
     2 aviḥ, goats and s.: ajāvikam;
     3 urabhraḥ, a flock: aurabhrakam (rare).
     II Fig., a silly fellow: gardabhaḥ, (= ass).

SHEEP-COT, SHEEP-FOLD: meṣaśālā and sim. comp.s.

SHEEPISH: perh. apratibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ): v. Diffident, stupid.

SHEEPISHLY:
     1 meṣavat;
     2 bheṣa (pl. ṣā) iva; etc.

SHEEPISHNESS: apratibhatā -tvam (?): v. Stupidity.

SHEEP-SKIN:
     1 meṣacarman (n.) and sim. comp.s;
     2 aurabhram, etc. (rare).

SHEER:
     I Adj.: śuddha (f. ddhā): v. Pure, mere.
     II Verb: vyapavartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To turn away, depart.

SHEET:
     I Of cloth:
     1 uttaracchadaḥ, bed s.: śayyo- R. v. 65.;
     2 pracchadaḥ.
     II Of paper: *tānaḥ.
     III Of metal: patram, s.-silver.: rajatapatram.
     IV Of water: jalarāśiḥ, and sim. comp.s.:
     V A rope: rajjuḥ.

SHEET-ANCHOR: *mahālaṅgaraḥ.

SHEET-LIGHTNING: sphurantī vidyut: v. Lightning.

SHELDRAKE: haṃsaviśeṣaḥ.

SHELF: no equiv.: *śailpam. S. = sandbank: saikatam.

SHELL (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 koṣaḥ, long-s. ed (a mollusk) dīrghakoṣikā, A.; egg-s.: aṇḍakoṣaḥ;
     2 kañcukaḥ (hard s., as of the cocoanut);
     3 tvac (f. = bark, as of the pomegranate), N. xxii. 14. Ph.: conch-s: śaṅkhaḥ, s.-dealer: śaṅkhakāraḥ or śāṅkhikaḥ; bivalve-s.: kambu (mn.); oyster-s.: śuktiḥ; bazar-s. (used as a coin): kapardaḥ -kam.
     II Bomb: q. v.: *āgneyagulī.
     III Fig.: kañcukaḥ, clad in false s. of religion: kapaṭadharmakañcukaḥ, D. i.

SHELL (v.): koṣam or kañcukam or tvacam apanayati (, c. 1.) or nirharati (hṛ, c. 1.), unmuñcati or -mocayati (muc, c. 6. and 10.), etc.

SHELLFISH: śaṅkhaḥ (= conch), covered with s. es.: śaṅkhajālasamāvṛtaḥ, Ram.; s. es and oysters bursting: prasphuṭacchaṅkhaśuktiḥ, Vi. vi. 12.

SHELTER (subs.):
     1 āśrayaḥ (= refuge: q. v.), take s. with Chandragupta: samāśrīyatāṃ candraguptaḥ, Mu. v.; take s. in the peaks: śṛṅgāṇyāśrayante, Ku. i. 5.;
     2 -trāṇam or -tram in comp. (= protection: q. v.), s. for body: tanutram, Ki.; s. from heat: ātapatram, Si.;
     3 avakāśaḥ (= space), to give s.: avakāśaṃ dadāti, R. iv. 58.

SHELTER (v.):
     I To protect, save: q. v.: trāyati (trai, c. 1.).
     II To give s.: āśrayaṃ dadāti (, c. 3).
     III To take s.:
     1 āśrayaṃ yāti (, c. 3.), śaraṇaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc. (with gen.);
     2 āśrayati -te sam- (śri, c. 1.).

SHELVE (v.): avasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), s. ing: avasarpin (f. ṇī), Mat.

SHELVY:
     1 saikatamaya (f. : (?);
     2 gūḍhagādhasthala (f. : (?).

SHEPHERD:
     1 meṣapālaḥ -kaḥ and sim. comp. s., from cow-herds and s. s: āgopālāvipālebhyaḥ, Mah. iii. 232. 52.

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SHEPHERDESS:
     1 meṣapālī;
     2 meṣapālikā and sim. comp.s.

SHERBET: śarkarodakam, Bha.

SHERD: v. Shard.

SHERIFF: an officer: *niyāmakaḥ.

SHERRY: madyaviśeṣaḥ.

SHEW (v.): darśayati (c. of dṛś): v. To show.

SHIELD (subs):
     I For defending:
     1 phalaka (mn.), with a s. glittering in the left hand: vāmakaratalasphuratphalakaḥ, C. iii.;
     2 carman (n.), carrying sword and s.: khaṅgacarmadharaḥ; without sword and s.: vyasicarma-, Mah. vii. 48. 34. 39.;
     3 kheṭakaḥ (rare), bearing sword and s.: khaṅgakheṭakadhārin (f. ṇī), Mah. iv. 6. 4.
     II Fig., defence, refuge: q. v.: śaraṇam.
     III In heraldry: *kheṭakaḥ.

SHIELD (v.): rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. To protect, save.

SHIELDLESS: viphalaka (f. ) and sim. comp. s., ; v. Shield.

SHIFT (v. i.):
     I To change, move: q. v.: vyāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     II To resort: āśrayati (śri, c. 1.: with acc.).

SHIFT (v. t.):
     I To change: q. v.: parivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To move about: vyāvartayati ; v. Also to move.

SHIFT (subs.):
     I Expedient, means: q. v.: upāyaḥ.
     II Artifice, trick: q. v.: chalam.
     III An undergarment: yutakam.

SHIFTY: chalapriya (f. ), and sim. comp. s. ; v. Deceitful.

SHILLING: raupyamudrāviśeṣaḥ; ardhaṭaṅkā (?).

SHIN: perh. agrajaṅghā: v. Leg.

SHINE (v.):
     I In gen.:
     1 prakāśate vi-, (kāś, c. 1.), s. ing above (other) animals: prakāśamānaṃ paribhūya dehinaḥ, Ki. xiv. 41.;
     2 bhāti- ā- vi- pra- saṃ-, (bhā, c. 2.), as the sun s. s in a clear morning in early autumn: abhāyata yathārkeṇa suprātena śaranmukhe, B. viii. 2.;
     3 dyotate vi- pra- abhi, (dyut c. 1. = to glitter), shone like the ocean in fire: vididyute śikhābhirāśliṣṭa ivāmbhasāṃ nidhiḥ, Si. i. 20.;
     4 dīpyate vi- ut-, (dīp, c. 4. = to gleam), s. s in heaven as if shaming the sun: dīpyate nākapṛṣṭhasthā bhartsya yantīva bhāskaram, Mah. ii. 11. 16.;
     5 bhāsate vi- ava- ut-, (bhās, c. 1.), Arundhatī shone much: babhāse bahvarundhatī, Ku. vi. 11.;
     6 rocate vi-, (ruc, c. 1.: rare), (studded) with s.ing gems: rociṣṇuratnāvalibhirvireje, Ki. xviii. 18.;
     7 vikasati (kas, c. 1.), the rays shone on all sides: vyakasadaṃśucayaḥ kakunmukheṣu, Si. xx. 38.;
     8 rājati -te vi- saṃ- abhi-, (rāj, c. 1.), the son of Raghu alone shone with dignity: rarāja dhāmnā radhusūnureva, R. vi. 6.;
     9 sphurati vi- abhi-, (sphur, c. 6. = to glitter);
     10 bhrājate vi-, (bhrāj, c. 1.).;
     11 kāśa(sa)te vi-, (kāś or kās, c. 1.);
     12 cakāsti (cakās, c. 2.).
     II To be eminent:
     1 rājati -te vi- saṃ-;
     2 vikasati;
     3 kāśa (sa)te vi-;
     4 cakāsti.

SHINE (subs.):
     1 prabhā;
     2 prakāśaḥ;
     3 dyutiḥ.

SHINGLE:
     I Gravel: q. v.: śarkarā.
     II A plank: phalakam.

SHINY:
     1 saprakāśa (f. śā) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 ujjvala (f. ): v. Bright.

SHIP (subs.):
     1 potaḥ, struck by a succession of billows, the s. sank in the waters of the sea: kallolamālābhihataḥ potaḥ samudrāmbhasyamajjat, D.;
     2 yānam -pātram (= vessel), s. -wreck; yānabhaṅgaḥ, Ra. i.; embarking on the s.: yānapātraṃ samāruhya, K. s. 18. 293.;
     3 pra-vahanam (= yānam), and the s. went up and down every moment: yayau ca tat pravahaṇaṃ kṣaṇamūrdhvamadhaḥ kṣaṇam, K. s. 25. 44.; the s. wecked: tadvahanaṃ samabhajyata, 45.;
     4 vahitram (= 3: rare), early in the morning, a s. was to be seen: pratyūṣasyadṛśyata kimapi vahitram, D. vi.;
     5 tarī (= boat), Si. iii. 76.; samudravāhinī nauḥ -kā, M. n. and sim. comp.s (best equiv.).

SHIP (v. t.):
     I To embark: q. v.: pote āropayati (c. of ruh): v. To put.
     II To fix: sthāpayati (c. of sthā). Ph.: (a) s. off: potena vivāsayati (= banish) or prasthāpayati (= send away); (b) s. a sea, prob. taraṅgair abhibhūyate or taraṅgān khādati.

SHIP-MASTER: potādhyakṣaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SHIP-OWNER: pravahaṇasvāmin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

[Page 638]

SHIPPING (subs.): potāvaliḥ, and sim. comp. s.

SHIPWRECK (subs.):
     I Lit.: yānabhaṅgaḥ potabhaṅgaḥ, P. and sim. comp. s.: v. Wreck.
     II Ruin, destruction: q. v.: vidhvaṃsaḥ.

SHIPWRECK (v.):
     I Lit.: potaṃ bhanakti (bhañj, c. 9.) etc.
     II Of persons: s. ed: yānabhaṅganimagna (f. gnā = sunk), Ra. i. or -patita (f. = fallen), K. s. or bhagnapotaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp. s.

SHIPWRIGHT: prob. potakāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

SHIRE: pradeśaḥ: v. County.

SHIRK: pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To avoid.

SHIRT:
     1 colaḥ ();
     2 yutakam (= under -s.).

SHIVER (v. i.):
     I To shake, tremble: q. v.: vepate (vep, c. 1.).
     II To shatter: cūrṇībhavati; śakalībhavati.

SHIVER (v. t.):
     1 cūrṇīkaroti;
     2 viśakalayati (nomi.): v. Also to shatter.

SHIVER (subs.):
     I Fragment, bit.: q. v.: śakala (mn.), "cracked in hundred s. s": śatakhaṇḍībhūta (f. ).
     II Tremor:
     1 kampaḥ;
     2 vepathuḥ.

SHOAL:
     I Crowd: q. v.: saṃdhaḥ.
     II A shallow: gādhasthalam.

SHOCK (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 abhighātaḥ (= blow, collision: lit. and fig.);
     2 abhiṣaṅgaḥ (fig.), arising from the severe s.: tīvrābhiṣaṅgaprabhava (f. ), Ku. iii. 73.; then shot with the quick s.: tato'bhiṣaṅgānilavipraviddhā, R. xiv. 54.
     III A pile:
     1 rāśiḥ;
     2 citiḥ.

SHOCK (v.):
     I To strike: q. v.:
     1 abhihanti (han, c. 2.);
     2 vipravidhyati (vyadh, c. 4. = to pierce: fig.).
     II To heap: q. v.: tāḍai rāśīkaroti.

SHOCKING (adj.):
     1 bībhatsa (f. tsā);
     2 udvegakara (f. ): v. Disgusting.

SHOCKINGLY:
     1 bībhatsaṃ janayat (f. ntī);
     2 udvegaṃ kurvat (f. ).

SHOE (subs.):
     1 pādukā (rarely pāduḥ), a pair of Kusa s. s: kuśapāduke, Ram. ii. 123. 16.; the illustrious (Rāma) (first) putting on and then taking off the s. s: so'dhiropya mahātejāḥ pāduke vyaparopya ca, 21.;
     2 upānah (f.), a pair of golden s. s: tapanīyopānadyugalam, Vi. iv.:
     3 pādatram, and sim. comp.s (very rare);
     4 nālam (for animals (?).

SHOE (v.):
     I To furnish with s. s: nālaṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.) (?).
     II To beat with s. s: pādukayā hanti (han, c. 2.): v. To beat.

SHOE-BLACK: pādukāmārjakaḥ, and sim. comp.s (??).

SHOE-MAKER:
     1 carmakāraḥ, and well-known s. s: prakhyātāścarmakārāḥ, Ram. ii. 90. 23.;
     2 pādukākāraḥ;
     3 pādūkṛt, A.

SHOE-STRINGS: perh. pādukābandhanī and sim. comp.s.

SHOOT (subs.):
     1 prabāla (mn.);
     2 kisa(śa)laya (mn.);
     3 pallava (mn.), a bed of young s. s: navapallavasaṃstaraḥ, Ku.;
     4 prarohaḥ (= bud).

SHOOT (v. t.):
     I To discharge: q. v.: muñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. Also to send, throw.
     II To wound or kill by s.ing: āgneyāstreṇa (with fire-arm) or śareṇa (with arrow) hanti ni- abhi-, (han, c. 2.): v. To kill, wound.

SHOOT (v. i.):
     I To discharge a missile: āgneyāstraṃ or śaraṃ etc. muñcati, etc.
     II As pain: vidhyate pra- vipra- (pass. of vyadh = to pierce). S. ing pain: śūla (mn.).
     III To germinate:
     1 by subs., does not seem about to s. forth: na ca prarohābhimukho'pi dṛśyate, Ku. v. 60.;
     2 aṅkurayati (nomi.): v. Also to come out.

SHOP (subs.):
     I For selling things:
     1 paṇyaśālā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 vipaṇiḥ;
     3 āpaṇaḥ, containing rich s. s: ṛddhāpaṇa (f. ṇā), R. xiv. 30.
     II In gen.: śālā, work, s.: karmaśālā; barber's s.: nāpitaśālā.

SHOP (v.): paṇāyati -te: v. Also to buy.

SHOP-KEEPER:
     1 āpaṇikaḥ;
     2 vipaṇin (m.);
     3 paṇyājīvaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SHOP-LIFTER: perh. paṇyatolaḥ paṇyamuṣ: v. Thief.

SHORE (subs):
     I Coast:
     1 kūlam, on the s. of the Yamunā: upakūlaṃ kālindyāḥ, R. xv. 28.;
     2 tīram;
     3 taṭam;
     4 velā (= sea-s.);
     5 rodhasa (n.: rare), R. viii. 33.
     II A prop:
     1 upaghraḥ;
     2 avaṣṭambhaḥ.

[Page 639]

SHORE (v.): usually with up: avaṣṭabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.)

SHORT:
     I In size:
     1 hasva (f. svā): very s. and having a s. face: kharvaṭāsyo'tihrasvakaḥ, V. p. 1. 13. 34; s. tree: hnasvo vṛkṣaḥ; s. hovel: hnasvā kuṭī, Kāśikā:;
     2 kharva (f. rvā), having a s. stature: kharvākṛti (mfn.); like a s. man: kharva iva, Mu.;
     3 vāmana (f. ): v. Dwarfish.
     II Of time etc.: q. v.: alpa (f. lpā), su-: v. Little. Ph.: in a s. time: acireṇa: v. Soon; for a s. time: kañcit kālam kiyatkālam, etc.; and the nights are very s.: atyarthameva kṣaṇadā ca tanvī (kṛśā, M. n.), R. xvi. 45.; to become s.: tanutāṃ yāti, R. ix. 38.
     III Brief: q. v.: saṃkṣipta (f. ptā). Ph.: in s.: kiṃ bahunā samāsena.
     IV Insufficient: q. v.: nyūna (f. ). Ph.: to fall s. off: hīyate pari- (Pass. of with inst.: v. To want).
     V = less than: nothing s. of his eath: vinā tasya maraṇena;: v. Without, except.
     VI In gram.:
     1 hnasva (f. svā: of vowels);
     2 laghu (f. also ghvī: of quantities). Ph.: (a) s. cut: saralaḥ panthāḥ; (b) to cut s.; ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), K.

SHORTCOMING: doṣaḥ: v. Fault, failing.

SHORTHAND: i. e. s. writing: *saṃkṣiptalipiḥ. S. writer: *saṃkṣiptalipikaraḥ.

SHORT-LIVED: kṣaṇavidhvaṃsin (f. ): v. Fickle, transient.

SHORT-SIGHTED:
     1 adūradarśin (f. );
     2 perh. hnasvadṛṣṭi (mfn.), see Bha.; and sim. comp.s.

SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS:
     1 adūradarśitā;
     2 hrasvadṛṣṭiḥ -tā (?); and sim. comp. s.

SHORT-WINDED: kṣīṇaśvāsa (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

SHORTEN (v. t.)
     I In size:
     1 hnasayati (c. of hnas);
     2 hrasvīkaroti;
     3 kharvīkaroti;
     4 vāmanīkaroti.
     II To abridge, contract: q. v. saṃkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), how the long nights will be s. ed into moments: saṃkṣipyate kṣaṇa iva kathaṃ dīrghayāmā triyāmā, Me. ii. 47.
     III To diminish, decrease: q. v.

SHORTEN (v. i.):
     I In size: hnasvībhavati, etc.
     II As nights:
     1 tanutāṃ yāti gacchati, etc.;
     2 kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi), M. n.: v. To diminish.

SHORTLY:
     I Soon, quickly: q. v.: acireṇa.
     II Briefly:
     1 saṃkṣepataḥ;
     2 saṃkṣepeṇa;
     3 samāsataḥ; etc.

SHORTNESS:
     1 hnasvatā;
     2 kharvatā;
     3 svalpatā;
     4 nyūnatā;
     5 saṃkṣiptatā;
     6 tanutā;
     7 kṛśatā: for dif.: v. Short.

SHOT (subs.):
     I Shooting: mocanam: v. Discharge.
     II For killing birds, etc. gulikā (?). Ph.: to fire s. s: *āgneyāstraṃ muñcati.
     III Any missile: q. v.
     IV Its reach: q. v.: viṣayaḥ.
     V A marksman: good, bad s.: lakṣyabhede kṛtahasta (f. stā), akṛtahasta (f. stā).
     VI Share: q. v.: aṃśaḥ.

SHOULD:
     I Denoting obligation: by the kṛtya (G. Par. 366-9.): (you) s. look at (her) as a pupil: śiṣyeva draṣṭavyā, K. II. In the conditional: by vidhiliṅ ( Par. 347: s. have will be expressed by ḷṅ, Par. 345), even if I s. give up what I have stolen all my life: yadyapi dadyāmājanmano muṣitaṃ dhanam, D. ii.
     III As a softened form of expression: by laṭ in the Atmanepada, if possible, I s. think: manye, Sa.

SHOULDER (subs.):
     1 skandhaḥ, bull -s. ed: vṛṣaskandha (f. ndhā), R. i. 12.; putting sacrificial vessels on their s. s: skandhāropitayajñapātranicayāḥ, Vi. iv. 58.;
     2 aṃsaḥ (rare), a quiver on the s. s; tūṇīro'ṃse, Vi. ii. 26.

SHOULDER (v.):
     I To put on the s.: skandhe karoti: v. To put.
     II To push with the s. s: skandhena mṛdrāti ava- (mṛd, c. 9.) etc.

SHOULDER-BONE: aṃsakapālam, Bha. and sim comp. s.

SHOULDER-KNOT: skandhābharaṇam, and sim. comp. s.

SHOULDER-JOINT:
     1 skandhasandhiḥ;
     2 ciru (n.), Wilson.

SHOUT (subs.):
     1 jayadhvaniḥ jayaravaḥ, and sim. comp.s (of joy): v. Noise;
     2 kalakalaḥ: v. Uproar;
     3 cītkāraḥ: v. Scream, roar;
     4 siṃhanādaḥ (of triumph), raised a s.: nanāda siṃhanādam, Mah. vii. 180. 2.;
     5 kṣveḍitam -nādaḥ (= 4), Ki. xiv. 29.;
     6 mahāśabda;, and sim. comp.s (= great noise), high s. s suddenly rose: sumahāsvanaḥ sahasaivotthitaḥ, Mah. i. 133. 15.

SHOUT (v.):
     1 expr. by subs. and muñcati (muc, c. 6. = to emit: q. v.) or karoti (= to make);
     2 utkrośati (kruś, c. 1.), the Brāhmins s. ed: udakrośan vipramukhyāḥ, Mah. i. 186. 2.: v. To cry, roar;
     2 uccair nadati (nad, c. 1.): v. (To make) noise.

SHOVE:
     I Verb: apasārayati (c. of sṛ): v To push.
     II Subs.: āvedhaḥ: v. Thrust.

SHOVEL (subs.) khantā, Nil. on Mah. iv. 8. 1.

SHOVEL (v.): ava-kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To throw, heap.

SHOW (v.):
     1 darśayati pra- ni- abhi- pari- saṃ- upa- (c. of dṛś), s. ed him to Indumatī: nidarśayāmāsa (tam) indumatyai, R. vi. 31.; s. ing affection by the mere shedding of useless tears: niṣphalena aśrupātamātreṇa snehamupadarśayan, K.; O, merciless fate, s. mercy (on me): ayi daiva nirghṛṇa darśaya dayām, K.; s. ing (his) teeth: dantāni darśayan, V. p. v. 28. 16.; the Veda also s. s the unity of science: darśayati vedo'pi vidyaikatvam, Si. iii. 3. 4.; he always s. s as if his dependents were beloved friends: sakhīniva prītiyujo'nujīvinaḥ sa santataṃ darśayate, Ki. i. 10.;
     2 upadiśati (diś, c. 6. = to advise, inform: q. v.), who will s. the way to the Golden town: yaḥ suvarṇapuragāminaṃ panthānamupadekṣyati, K.;
     3 kathayati (= to speak: q. v.), it shews the excellences of the king that.....: anena kathitā rājño guṇā yat...., R. x. 53.;
     4 darśanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3. = s. one's self), ashamed of wantonness, shame itself did not s. to the prince: kumārasya na dadāti taralatālajjitā lajjaiva darśanam, K. ii.;
     5 pratipādayati (= to establish: q. v.). Comp. (a) s. forth: darśayati: v. To reveal, manifest; (b) s. off: pradarśayati saṃ-; (c) s. up: abhi-darśayati: v. To expose, disclose.

SHOW (subs.):
     I Look: q. v.:
     1 darśanam;
     2 by verb.
     II Appearance, semblance:
     1 ābhāsaḥ;
     2 by verb: bhāti prati- (bhā, c. 2.) or bhāsate ava-, (bhās, c. 1.).
     III A spectacle:
     1 dṛśyam;
     2 raṅgaḥ (for amusement);
     3 yātrā (= procession, theatrical s.).
     IV Pretence: q. v.: vyapadeśaḥ.
     V Display, pomp: āḍambaraḥ.

SHOWER (subs.):
     I Of rain: vṛṣṭiḥ, heavy s. of hail: tumulakarakāvṛṣṭiḥ, Me. i. 55.: v. Rain.
     II Fig.:
     1 vṛṣṭiḥ or varṣaḥ, sent a s. of stones: aśmanāṃ vṛṣṭiṃ sasarja, Ki. xvii. 60.; s. of arrows: iṣuvarṣaḥ, Si. xx. 18.;
     2 dhārā (= flow, as of tears):
     3 jālam (= thicket, as of arrows).
     III One who shows: darśakaḥ pra-, etc., Mr. iv. 20.

SHOWER (v.): varṣati pra- abhi- (vṛṣ, c. 1.), s. s. on them who always flatter: tatra varṣanti yo'harniśaṃ staiti, K.; s.ing much wealth on the bards: vasūni varṣan subahūni vandinām, N. xv. 1. (the loc. is the proper cons.): v. Also to rain.

SHOWER-BATH:
     I The place: dhārāgṛham or yantra- (?), R. xvi. 49.
     II The act: dhārāsnānam and sim. comp. s. (?).

SHOWERY: varṣuka (f. ); v. Rainy.

SHOWMAN:
     1 darśayitṛ (f. trī), pra-;
     2 by verb.

SHOWY: dṛṣṭihārin (f. ṇī): v. Also gaudy, ostentatious.

SHRED:
     I Subs.: khaṇḍa (mn.): v. Piece.
     II Verb:
     1 khaṇḍīkaroti;
     2 khaṇḍayati (nomi.).

SHREW (subs.):
     I Of persons: vāmaśīlā strī and sim. comp. s.
     II S. -mouse:
     1 chuchundarī;
     2 gandhamūṣa (f. ṣī);
     4 cicakṣaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Artful, cunning.

SHREWDLY:
     1 caturam;
     2 vidagdham;
     3 cāturyeṇa, etc.

SHREWDNESS:
     1 cāturyam;
     2 caturatā;
     3 cāturī;
     4 vaidagdhyam;
     5 vidagdhatā: v. Also skill.

SHREWISH: karkaśa (f. śā): v. Harsh, peevish.

SHRIEK:
     I Subs.:
     1 kranditam: v. Cry;
     2 cītkāraḥ: v. Scream.
     II Verb:
     1 ā-krandati (krand, c. 1.): v. To cry;
     2 cītkaroti: v. To scream.

SHRIFT: pratipattiḥ: v. Confession.

SHRIKE: a bird:
     1 kaliṅgaḥ;
     2 piṅgaḥ;
     3 ghūmyā (mrā)ṭaḥ.

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SHRILL:
     1 karkaśa (f. śā): v. Harsh;
     2 tīvra (f. vrā): v. Sharp.

SHRILLNESS:
     1 karkaśatā: v. Harshness;
     2 tīvratā: v. Sharpness.

SHRILLY:
     1 karkaśam: v. Harshly;
     2 tīvram ; v. Sharply.

SHRIMP: iñchākaḥ.

SHRINE: devālayaḥ: v. Temple.

SHRINK (v. i.): saṃkucati (kuc, c. 6.), the lotus s. s: saṃkucati padmam, V. d. 7.: v. To contract.

SHRINK (v. t.): saṃkocati (kuc, c. 1.): v. To contract.

SHRINK, -ING (subs.): saṃkocaḥ: v. Contraction.

SHRINKINGLY:
     1 saṃkucya;
     2 sasaṃkocam: v. Also timidly.

SHRIVEL:
     1 saṃkucati (intrans.) or saṃkocati (trans.);
     2 by adj.: valiparīta (f. ), and sim. comp. s.: v. Wrinkled.

SHROUD (v.): avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 10.): v. To cover, veil.

SHROUD (subs.):
     I Cover: q. v.: ācchādanam, s. ed the dead body of Bāli: vāsasācchādayāmāsa vālinaṃ naṣṭajīvitam, Ram. iv. 24. 23.
     II rajjvaḥ (f. pl.).

SHRUB:
     I A tree: gulmaḥ.
     II A drink: āsavabhedaḥ.

SHRUBBERY: perh. gulmavāṭikā after vṛkṣavāṭikā.

SHRUBBY:
     1 gulmāvṛta (f. );
     2 gulmākīrṇa (f. rṇā); and sim. comp. s.

SHRUG:
     I Verb:
     1 dhūnoti (dhū, c. 5. = to shake);
     2 saṃkocati (kuc, c. 1.: (?).
     II Subs.:
     1 skandhadhūnanam (= shaking);
     2 skandhasaṃkocaḥ (= contraction).

SHUCK: kañcukaḥ: v. Shell.

SHUDDER:
     I Verb: vepate pra-, (vep, c. 1.): v. To tremble, quake.
     II Subs.: vepathuḥ: v. Tremor.

SHUDDERINGLY: expr. by adj.: sañjātavepathu savepathu (mfn.), and sim. comp. s.

SHUFFLE (v. t.):
     I Of cards: perh. bhañjayati (c. of bhañj: comp. bhāṃjā).
     II To confuse, mix up: q. v.: saṅkulīkaroti.

SHUFFLE (v. i.):
     I Of cards: *tāsaṃ bhañjayati.
     II To dissemble: q. v.: nihnute (hnu, c. 2.).
     II To play tricks: chalayati (nomi with acc.), s. ing: chalapriya (f. ).

SHUFFLE, -ING (subs.):
     I Of cards: *tāsamañjanam.
     II Confusion.: q. v.: saṃkulīkaraṇam.
     III Evasion, trick: q. v.: chalam.

SHUFFLER:
     1 nihnotṛ (f. trī): v. Dissembler;
     2 vañcaka (f. ñcikā): v. Cheat.

SHUN:
     1 pariharati (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To avoid;
     2 varjayati pari- saṃ-, (vṛj, c. 10.), shall s. joking with women: strībhiḥ parihāsaṃ varjayet, Sr. ; v. To leave;
     3 na upasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.). etc. (= not to approach), "vinītaṃ pātakinamiva nopasarpati" K.

SHUT:
     1 apidadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.), (by covering) who can s. the doors of fate: ko nāma dvārāṇi daivasya pidhātumīṣṭe, U. vii. 4.; s. -ting the ears: karṇau pidhāya, Mu. i.;
     2 ā-vṛṇoti saṃ- samā- parā- (vṛ, c. 5. = pidadhāti), here is a house with the back door not s.: etadaparāvṛtapakṣadvārakaṃ geham, Mr. ii.; to s. the mouth: mukhaṃ saṃvṛṇoti, K.;
     3 dadāti or datte (, c. 3.: only of doors by putting bolts etc.), s. the gates quick: datta dvārāṇi tūrṇam, Vi. vi. 16.;
     4 mīlati or mīlayati ni- (mīl, c. 1. and its c.: of the eyes), the lion of kings s. his eyes never to open again: apunarunmīlanāya nimimīla locane rājakulasiṃhaḥ, C. v.;
     5 saṃ-vanate (van, c. 1.: rare), Ki. xviii. 2. Ph.: to s. one's eyes to anything: na paśyati, K.; with the eyes s.: mukulitanetra (f. trā), Si. xi. 10.

SHUT IN:
     I To confine: q. v.: niruṇaddhi (rudha, c. 7.).
     II To cover the view of: samāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).

SHUT OUT: nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. To prevent, enclose.

SHUT OUT:
     I In gen.: ni-ruṇaddhi saṃ- ava-, thus s. in a cage: tathā pañjare saṃruddhaḥ, K. ii.: v. To confine, block up, close.
     II To terminate: nivartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     III To cause to be silent: prob.: mukhaṃ baghnāti (bandh, c. 9.: with gen.).

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SHUTTER: in pl., of windows etc.: *āvaraṇam or āvṛtiḥ.

SHUTTLE:
     1 tra (ta) saraḥ;
     2 sūtraveṣṭaḥ -nam;
     3 mallikaḥ;
     4 veman, Mah. i. 13. 140.

SHUTTLE-COCK: *patragolaḥ.

SHY:
     I Adj.:
     1 lajjālu (mfn.): v. Bashful;
     2 śālīna (f. ): v. Modest;
     3 kātara (f. ): v. Timid.
     II Verb:
     1 bibheti (bhī, c. 3.), if (a horse) s. ies strike it on the neck: grīvāyāṃ bhītamāhanyāt, M. n. on Si. v. 10.

SHYNESS:
     1 lajjālutā;
     2 śālīnatā;
     3 kātaryam: v. Shy (adj.).

SIB: sanābhi (mfn.): v. Relative.

SIBILANT:
     I Of letters: uṣmaḥ -varṇaḥ.
     II Hissing: q. v.

SIBYL:
     1 siddhā;
     2 siddhastrī;
     3 yoginī (?).

SICK:
     I Inclined to vomit:
     1 vivamiṣu (mfn.);
     2 chardyāta (f. rtā); and sim. comp. s. To be s.: vamati (vam, c. 1.): v. To vomit; to make (one) s.: vāmayati (c. of vam), Sr.
     II To be disgusted at: expr. with virakta (f. ktā), vitṛṣṇa (f. ṣṇā), vītaspṛha (f. ); and sim. comp. s., being s. of the world: udīrṇavairāgya (f. gyā), D. ii.
     III Diseased, ill: q. v.:
     1 pīḍita (f. );
     2 vyādhita (f. );
     3 rujārta (f. rtā);
     4 rogin (f. ṇī); and sim. deriv. s.
     IV Of mind:
     1 pīḍita (f. );
     2 vyathita (f. );
     3 upatapta (f. ptā).

SICK-BED: rogiśayyā and sim. comp. s. Ph.: on or from s.: better expr. by śayyāgata (f. ) with a qualifying word: v. Sick (II.)

SICKEN:
     I To disgust: viraktiṃ or vaitṛṣṇaṃ janayati (c. of jan).
     II To fall sick: rogeṇa or vyādhinā abhibhūyate (pass. of bhū), kliśyate (pass. of kliś), etc.: v. Also sick.
     III To languish: q. v.

SICKLE:
     1 dātram;
     2 lavitram.

SICKLINESS:
     1 rugnatā;
     2 rogākulatā, etc.: v. Sickly.

SICKLY:
     I Unwell, weak: q. v.: rugna (f. gnā).
     II Of places etc.
     1 rogākula (f. ), K. b.;
     2 gadopasṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), and sim. comp. s.

SICKNESS:
     I Nausea:
     1 vivamiṣā (the feeling);
     2 vamanam (= vomiting);
     3 chardiḥ (= 2.)
     II Illness:
     1 pīḍitatā;
     2 asusthatā;
     3 rogitā: v. Also disease.

SIDE (subs.):
     I Of the body:
     1 pāśva (mn.), to sleep on the left s.: vāmapārśve saṃviśati, Sr.; pain in the s. s: pārśva śūlam, Bha.; sleeping on the s. s: pārśvaśayaḥ (yī yaṃ), S. k.;
     2 pakṣaḥ (rare), R. v. 72.
     II Of anything: pārśva (mn.), in front, on the rear, and on the s. s.: agre pṛṣṭhe ca pārśvayoḥ, A. r. vi. 1. 30.; rises from (this) s. of the Meru: meroḥ pārśvāt prabhavati, Mat. 120. 67.; keep them at the s.: taṃ pārśve kurvanti, K.; one who remains at the s. (attendant): pārśvavartin (f. ); R. ii. 46.; s. by s. (= abreast): pārśvāpārśvi (adv.); two s. s of an equation: dvau pakṣau, Vij.
     III Party.: pakṣaḥ, the kings on the s. of Śiśupāla: śiśupālapakṣapṛthivībhṛtāṃ gaṇaḥ, Si. xv. 47.; opposite s.: pratipakṣaḥ, D. s. Ph.: the gods were on the s. of Arjuna: devā arjunato'bhavan, S. k.; pāṇḍavato'bhavan, Mah. viii. 87. 51.
     IV Of consanguinity: pakṣaḥ, on the father's, mother's s.: pitṛpakṣe mātṛpakṣe, Mah. v. 140. 10.: v. Of an argument: pakṣaḥ, the first s.: pūrvapakṣaḥ, S.
     VI Of rivers: pāraḥ, take me on the raft to the other s. of the Jamunā: prāpayasva paraṃ pāraṃ kālindyā uḍupena mām.
     VII Quarter: q. v.:
     1 diś (f.);
     2 gen. expr. with tas, on both s. s of the road: umayataḥ pathi, Mah. v. 83. 60.; on one s...on the other s.: ekataḥ...anyataḥ, R. vi. 86.; on all s. s: sarvataḥ, R.; on the left s.: vāmataḥ, D.
     VIII In geo.: bhujaḥ (rarely bāhu or dos), four-s. d: caturbhujaḥ (jā jaṃ), Li.; s. s of a rightangled triangle containing the r. a: bhujakoṭī.

SIDE (adj.):
     I Lit.: by comp., s. -wind: pakṣavātaḥ, Mah.: v. Side (subs.).
     II Indirect: vakra (f. krā).

SIDE (v.): pakṣe bhavati (bhū, c. 1.) or pakṣaṃ gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9.) (with gen.).

SIDEBOARD: no equiv.; *phalakasajjā.

SIDELONG:
     I Adj.: vakra (f. krā): v. Oblique.
     II Adv.:
     1 pārśvataḥ (= on the side);
     2 anupārśvam (= laterally).

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SIDEREAL: tārā- -in comp., s. year: *tārāvarṣaḥ.

SIDEWAYS, SIDEWISE:
     1 tiryaka;
     2 tiraścīnam.

SIDLE: tiryag gacchati (gam, c. 1.), vi-sarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), etc.

SIEGE: rodhaḥ ava- ni-, to raise a s.: rodhaṃ muñcati or sim. vyapāyāti (, c. 2. = to go away), Mah. iii. 19-26. Ph.: to lay a s. to: ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.), Mah. iii. 15. 3.: v. To besiege.

SIESTA: divāsvapnaḥ and sim. comp. s: v. Sleep.

SIEVE:
     I Subs.:
     1 cālanī;
     2 titau (rarely n.).
     II Verb.: v. To sift.

SIFT (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śodhayati vi- pari- (c. of śudh = to clean), whose chaff and awn had been s. ed by the winnowing basket: śūpaśodhitakarṇāṃkaśārukādīn, D. vi.;
     2 pṛthak karoti (= to separate), s. ed the rice from the husk: tuṣaistaṇḍulān pṛthak cakāra, D. vi.
     II To examine minutely:
     1 sūkṣmaṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.);
     2 nipuṇaṃ parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).

SIGH:
     I Subs.: dīrghaniśvāsaḥ.
     II Verb:
     1 dīrghaṃ niśvasiti (śvas, c. 1.);
     2 dīrghaniśvāsaṃ muñcati ni-, (muc, c. 6.), or tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.), or sṛjati ni-, (sṛj, c. 6.): v. Also to lament.

SIGHT (subs.):
     I The act.:
     1 dṛṣṭiḥ;
     2 darśanam;
     3 vi-lokanam ava- ā-;
     4 īkṣaṇam pra- ava-.
     II View: dṛṣṭipathaḥ -mārgaḥ -viṣayaḥ -gocaraḥ, and sim. comp.s, falling within s.: ālokapathāvatārin (f. ṇī), Vi. ii. 45.
     III Appearance, spectacle: q. v.: darśanam, as by their gay s.: darśanena laghunā yathā tayoḥ, R. xi. 12.
     IV Eye: q. v.:
     1 dṛṣṭiḥ, diseases affecting s.: dṛṣṭigatarogāḥ, Sr.;
     2 sense of s.: darśanendriyam;
     3 dṛś (f.: rare), N.

SIGHT (v.):
     1 vilokayati: v. To see.;
     2 by subs, and comp.: q. v.

SIGHTLY:
     1 sudarśana (f. );
     2 sudṛśya (f. śyā);
     3 darśanīya (f. ).

SIGN (subs.):
     I Mark, indication:
     1 cihnam (best equiv.), by these s. s, her recognition of Nala: cihnairamībhirnalasaṃvidasyāḥ, N. xiv. 22.; with edicts under his s. manual: svahastakṛtacihnaśāsanaḥ, Si. xiv. 36.;
     2 lakṣaṇam; by these s. s, you will find out: ebhirlakṣaṇairlakṣayethāḥ, Me. ii. 19.;
     3 liṅgam, (are) the general s. s of the disease insanity: sāmānyamunmādagadasya liṅgam, Bha.;
     4 abhijñānam (for knowing, recognizing), M. n.
     II A portent, presage: q. v.:
     1 cihnam;
     2 lakṣaṇam.
     III In math. etc.: cihnam.
     IV Signal:
     1 saṃjñā, Chitralekhā makes a s. to Vidūshaka: citralekhā vidūṣakaṃ saṃjñāṃ lambhayati, V. iii.;
     2 iṅgitam; one who understands s. s: iṅgitajña (f. jñā), K. V. In ast.: rāśiḥ, the s. of Leo: siṃharāśiḥ, when the sun was in the s. Aries: meṣaṃ gate pūṣaṇi, C. r.

SIGN (v.):
     I To beckon: saṃjñāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), etc.
     II To put one's signature to: nāma likhati abhi- (likh, c. 6.) or niveśayati (c. of viś = to enter) (with loc.), Y. ii. 88.

SIGNPOST: *saṃjñādaṇḍaḥ; mārgayaṣṭiḥ.

SIGNAL:
     I Subs.: saṃjñā: v. Sign (IV.)
     II Verb: saṃjñāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), lambhayati (c. of labh), etc.
     III Adj.: asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī): v. Uncommon, remarkable, great.

SIGNALIZE: kīrtayati (kīrt, c. 10.): v. To celebrate.

SIGNALLY: balavat: v. greatly, exceedingly.

SIGNATURE: expr. by verb, a debtor should put a s. with his own hand: ṛṇī nāma svahastena niveśayet, V. ii. 88.

SIGNET: mudrā: v. Seal. S. ring: mudrāviśiṣṭamaṅgurī- (lī)yam -kam.

SIGNIFICANCE:
     I Meaning: q. v.: bhāvaḥ.
     II Importance, force: q. v.: gauravam.

SIGNIFICANT:
     I Lit.: bhāvasūcaka (f. cikā), vyañjaka (f. ñjikā), and sim. comp. s.
     II Important, great: q. v.: guru (f. also rvī).

SIGNIFICANTLY:
     1 sākūtam;
     2 īritākūtam, Ki., and sim. comp. s.

SIGNIFICATION: arthaḥ: v. Sense IV).

SIGNIFY:
     I To mean: q. v.: expr. with arthaḥ, it s. ies nothing: nirarthakametat.
     II To betoken, indicate: q. v.: sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.).
     III To declare, inform: q. v.: kathayati (kath, c. 10.).

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SIGNIOR: āryaḥ: v. Sir.

SILENCE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 maunam, better to keep s.: varaṃ maunaṃ kāryam, H.; determining to break his s.: tanmaunabhaṅgaṃ cikīrṣuḥ, Vet.; one who leaves off s.: muktamaunaḥ, K. s. 77. 42.; one whose vow is to keep s.: maunavratī, M. n. or vācaṃyamaḥ, R. xiii. 44.;
     2 niḥśabdatā and sim. comp. s (= stillness);
     3 śāntiḥ pra- (= calmness). Ph.: in the s. of midnight: suptajanastimite niśīthe, C. iii.
     II Secrecy: q. v.
     III Oblivion: q. v.

SILENCE (exclam.):
     1 tūṣṇīmbhava;
     2 maunaṃ kuru -ṣva;
     3 śāntam.

SILENCE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 maunaṃ lambhayati (c. of (labh;
     2 mūkīkaroti, etc.
     II Fig.:
     1 niruttarīkaroti (= to shut up);
     2 pra-śamayati; (c. of śam = to quiet);
     3 nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10. = to prevent).

SILENT:
     1 maunin (f. ), with s. steps: caraṇena mauninā, N. i. 124.; in some points you are s.: kiyatsu maunaṃ (tava), N. ix. 15.;
     2 expr. with tūṣṇīm (rarely tūṣṇīkaḥ -kā -kam), why are you s.: kiṃ bhavān tūṣṇīmāste, V. ii.; seeing the bard become s.: tūṣṇīmbhūtaṃ sūtaputraṃ niśamya, Mah. iii. 134. 21.;
     3 mūka (f. : poet), with the birds s.: mūkāṇḍajam, Ku. iii. 42.; when the lute became s.: mūkībhūtavīṇā, K.;
     4 niḥśabda (f. bdā), nīrava (f. ), and sim. comp. s. (= without any sound).

SILENT, BECOME:
     1 maunaṃ bhajate (bhaj, c. 1.) etc.;
     2 upaśāmyati (śam, c. 4.);
     3 viramati (ram, c. 1.): v. To cease.

SILENTLY:
     1 maunena (rare), K. s.;
     2 tūṣṇīm;
     3 joṣam, Si. xvi. 16.;
     4 niḥśabdam: v. Also secretly.

SILK:
     1 kṣaumam;
     2 kauśeyam;
     3 paṭṭaḥ -jam, Mah. ii. 52. 26.;
     4 cīnam (China-s.).

SILK, -EN (adj.): kauśeya (f. ), of s. and woollen clothes: kauśeyāvikayoḥ, M. v. 120.;
     2 kīṭaja (f. );
     3 kṣauma (f. ), s. cloth: dukūlam, very fine pure s. cloth: niḥśvāsahārye śucinī dukūle, K.: v. Also s. (subs.).

SILK-COTTON TREE: śālmaliḥ -lī -vṛkṣaḥ. Its gum: picchā.

SILK-WORM:
     1 kośa (ṣa) kāraḥ;
     2 perh. paṭṭakīṭḥ;
     3 puṇḍarīkaḥ.

SILKY:
     I Silken: q. v.:
     II Like silk: kṣaumābha (f. bhā), and sim. comp. s.

SILL:
     I In gen: mūlam.
     II Of a door: dehalī.

SILLINESS: sūrkhatā: v. Foolishness.

SILLY: mūrkha (f. rkhā): v. Foolish.

SILT UP: perh. avaruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.).

SILVAN: by comp., s. scene: vanabhūmiḥ; s. diety: vanadevatā, U.

SILVER (subs.):
     1 rūpyam;
     2 rajatam;
     3 durvarṇam (rare).

SILVER (adj.):
     1 by comp., s. coin: rūpyamudrā;
     2 rūpyamaya: (yī yaṃ); etc.

SILVER (v.): rūpyeṇa chādayati (chad, c. 10. = to cover: q. v. (?).

SILVER-LEAF:
     1 (rau) pyapatram;
     2 rajatapatra "evaṃ rajatapatrāṇāṃ viśuddhiḥ samprajāyate", Bha.

SILVER-MINE:
     1 rajatakhaniḥ;
     2 rūpyamayī bhūmiḥ, etc.

SILVERSMITH:
     1 rūpyakāraḥ (?);
     2 svarṇakāraḥ (= goldsmith, who is also s. in India).

SILVERY:
     1 muktāgaura (f. = pearl-white), Si. iv. 44.;
     2 sudhāsavarṇa (f. rṇā = nectar-coloured), Si. iv. 28.; etc.

SIMILAR: sadṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ): v. Like.

SIMILARITY: sādṛśyam: v. Resemblance.

SIMILARLY:
     1 tadvat;
     2 tathaiva;
     3 evam (= so).

SIMILE: upamā, s. s of Kālidāsa: "upamā kālidāsasya".

SIMILITUDE:
     1 aupamyam: v. Simile, resemblance.

SIMMER: v. To boil.

SIMPER: vikṛtaṃ smayate (smi, c. 1.): v. To laugh.

SIMPLE (adj.):
     1 sarala (f. ), very s. bolts: saralatarāṇyargalāni, Vi. vi. 16.; your very s. good nature: atitaralā taveyaṃ madhurā sujanatā, K.; offending the s. (girl): saralāmaparādhya, J.; s. (commentary): saralā, S. k.;
     2 ṛju (f. also jvī), with s. arrows: ṛjubhirbāṇaiḥ, Si. xx. 77.; with a s. bow: ṛjupraṇāmakriyayā, R. vi. 25.; s. nature: ṛjūn svabhāvān, B. ii. 15.; with the s. eye: ṛjunaiva cakṣuṣā, Ku. v. 32.: v. Also frank, guileless.

SIMPLE (subs.): oṣadhiḥ (dhī); s. s: oṣadhayaḥ, Si.

SIMPLETON: mūḍha (f. ḍhā): v. Fool, -lish.

SIMPLICITY:
     1 saralatā;
     2 ṛjutā;
     3 ārjavam: v. Also plainness, frankness, guilelessness.

SIMPLIFICATION:
     1 saralīkaraṇam;
     2 ṛjūkaraṇam;
     3 viśadīkaraṇam.

SIMPLIFY: perh.
     1 saralīkaroti;
     2 ṛjūkaroti;
     3 viśadīkaroti (= to clear: q. v.).

SIMPLY:
     I Merely, only: q. v.: kevalam: v. Also mere.
     II In other senses: perh. by adj.

SIMULATE: vyapadiśati (diś, c. 6.): v. To pretend.

SIMULATION: vyapadeśaḥ: v. Pretence.

SIMULTANEOUS:
     1 samakālīna (f. );
     2 ekakālīna (f. );
     3 by adv.

SIMULTANEOUSLY:
     1 yugapat;
     2 samam, R. iv. 4.;
     3 samakālam and sim. comp. s.

SIN (subs.):
     1 pāpam, becomes purified of all s. s: sarvapāpebhyaḥ pūto bhavati, V. s.;
     2 pātakam, attacked by the (passions), (men) s. about deadly s. s, great s. s, minor s. s, and venial s. s: tenāyamākrānto'tipātakamahāpātakānupātakopapātakeṣu pravartate, V. s.;
     3 pāpman (m.), is absolved of all s. s: tarati sarvaṃ pāpmānam, Ga.;
     4 enas (n.), he who commits a s. at night by action, in mind, or by words: karmaṇā manasā vācā yadenaḥ kurute niśi, At.;
     5 agham, s. -absolving (formula): aghamarṣaṇam, Vi.;
     6 vṛjinam;
     7 aṃhas (aṃdhas) (n.).

SIN (v.): pāpaṃ karoti, etc.: v. Sin (subs.).

SINCE (prep.):
     1 prabhṛti (with abl.), s. seeing (you): darśanāt prabhṛti, K.; s. then: tadā prabhṛti, Ku. v. 55.; ever s. he came to sight: yataḥ prabhṛti sa mama darśanapathaṃ gataḥ tataḥ prabhṛti, Sa. iii.;
     2 ā (with abl. or in comp. = from), s. her birth: ā janmanaḥ, Sa. v. 27.

SINCE (adv.):
     I = s. then: tadā prabhṛti.
     II = ago: fifteen years s.: itaḥ pūrvaṃ pañcadaśavarṣe; long s. expr. with: ciram: v. Long.

SINCE (conj.):
     1 yasmāt yataḥ or yat (= as), Ki. xi. 14.;
     2 kutaḥ or kasmāt (with abl. clause): v. Because;
     3 hi: v. For.

SINCERE:
     1 akṛtrima (f. bhā = unaffected: q. v.);
     2 yathārtha (f. rthā = true, real: q. v.);
     3 sarala (f. = simple, frank: q. v.);
     4 viśuddha (f. ddhā = pure: q. v.).

SINCERELY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.: v. Also guilelessly.

SINCERITY:
     1 akṛtrimatā (= unaffectedness);
     2 viśuddhatā (= purity);
     3 saralatā (= simplicity);
     4 nivyārjatā (= guilelessness);
     5 yathārthatā (= genuineness, reality).

SINE: jyāpiṇḍaḥ -kaḥ (?). Ph.: versed s.: utkramajyā.

SINECURE: to hold a s. appointment, perh. nāmakarmaṇyadhikṛta (f. ).

SINEW:
     I Lit.: snāyuḥ.
     II In pl., fig.: balam: v. Strength.

SINEWY:
     I Lit.: snāyumayaḥ (yī yaṃ).
     II Vigorous, firm: q. v.

SINFUL:
     I Of persons:
     1 pāpin (f. ), very s.: pāpīyas (f. );
     2 pātakin (f. );
     3 pāpātman (mfn.);
     4 pāpakarman (mfn.);
     5 pāpakṛt (mfn.); etc.
     II Of acts; pāpa- in comp.

SINFULLY: expr. by circumlo.

SINFULNESS: pāpaparāyaṇatā and sim. comp. s. (of men): v. Also wickedness.

SING:
     1 gāyati (gai, c. 1.), I s. and dance and play: gāyāmi nṛtyāmyatha vādayāmi, Mah. iv. 11. 8.; s. s (a song) expressing different states in its four feet: catuṣpadavastukaṃ gāyati, Mal. i.; sang to whom the entire Veda: yasmai brahmapārāyaṇaṃ jagau, Vi. i. 14.; where with choristers s. ing out the fame of the Lord of wealth: udgāyadbhirdhanapatiyaśaḥ kinnarairyatra sārdhvam, Me. ii. 10.; the female bee sang: madhukarāṅganayojjage, Si. vi. 20.;
     2 of birds: kūjati (kūj, c. 1.), what the male cuckoo sang sweetly: puṃskokilo yanmadhuraṃ cukūja, Ku. ii. 32.

SINGE: upadahati pari- (dah, c. 1.), and my skin is s. d: tvak caiva paridahyate, G. i. 30.

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SINGER:
     1 gāyana (f. );
     2 gāyaka (f. yikā);
     3 by verb or comp.

SINGING (subs.):
     I Of men:
     1 gītiḥ -tam, adapted to s.: gītikṣama (f. ), Sa. vii. 5.; time for s.: gītasamayaḥ, Mr. iii. 5.;
     2 gānam;
     3 geyam, who taught you s.: geye ko nu vinetā vām, R. xv. 69.
     II Of birds:
     1 kūjitam or kūjanam;
     2 rutam (= sound), Ki.

SINGING (adj.):
     I Of men: gāyat (f. ntī), J.
     II Of birds: madhurasvaraḥ (rā raṃ = sweet toned), and sim. comp. s.

SINGING-MASTER: perh. gītaśikṣakaḥ or gītācāryaḥ (sa śikṣayāmāsa ca gītavāditam, Mah. iv. 11. 12.): v. Also musician.

SINGLE (adj.):
     1 eka (f. ): v. Alone. Ph.: not a s. man: na ko'pi; s. combat: niyuddham.

SINGLE (v.): gen. with out: nirddiśati: v. To point out.

SINGLE-HANDED: eka (f. ), Śiva s. took the cities of the enemy: eko'haradripupurāṇi haraḥ, Dh.; v. Alone.

SINGLE-STICK:
     1 yaṣṭiḥ;
     2 daṇḍaḥ.

SINGLY:
     I Alone: q. v.: eka (f. ).
     II One by one:
     1 ekaikam;
     2 ekaikaśaḥ;
     3 pratyekam.

SINGSONG: gāthikā (?).

SINGULAR:
     I Single: eka (f. ), s. number: ekavacanam, Sa.
     II Remarkable, unparalleled: q. v.:
     1 apūrva (f. rvā);
     2 aparūpa (f. = odd: spe. in bad sense): v. Also strange.

SINGULARITY:
     1 apūrvatā (uncommonness);
     2 aparūpatā (= oddness);
     3 viśiṣṭatā (= particularity).

SINGULARLY:
     1 apūrvam;
     2 aparūpam;
     3 viśiṣṭam.

SINISTER:
     I Inauspicious: q. v.: amaṅgala (f. ).
     II Crooked, wrong, vicious: q. v.: duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     III Left: q. v.: vāma (f. ).

SINK (subs.): bhramaḥ, Si. iii. 33.: v. Drain.

SINK (v. i.):
     I Lit.: majjati ni- pari-, (masj, c. 1.), the vessel sank in the sea-waters: potaḥ samudrāmbhasyamajjat, D.; sunk in deep mire: mahāpaṅke nimagnaḥ, H. i.; of the half s. ing sun: sāmi majjati ravau, Ki. ix. 5.; sunk in the calamity from water which cannot be easily got over: magnasya toyāpadi dustarāyām, Si. xiv. 86.
     II To penetrate deep: niviśate (viś, c. 6.).
     III To decrease, fall: hrāsamupaiti (i, c. 2.), adhigacchati (gam, c. 1.), etc.
     IV To go to destruction: sīdati ava-, (sad, c. 1.), M. ; v. Also to decline.

SINK (v. t.):
     I To submerge, plunge: q. v.: majjayati ni- pari- (c. of masj), or s. him in water: apsu cainaṃ nimajjayet, M. viii. 114.
     II To dig: q. v.: khanati (khan, c. 1.).
     III To degrade, ruin: q. v.: avasādayati (c. of sad). Ph.: s. ing fund: *śodhanasāraḥ.

SINLESS:
     1 apāpaḥ (pā paṃ);
     2 anaghaḥ (ghā ghaṃ);
     3 nirenas (mfn.);
     4 vītakalmaṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ) and sim. comp. s.

SINNER:
     1 pāpin (f. );
     2 pātakin (f. );
     3 pāpakarman (mfn.);
     4 pāpātman (mfn.);
     5 pāpakṛt (mfn.); etc.

SINUOSITY:
     1 vakratā;
     2 vakriman (m.);
     3 kuṭilatā.

SINUOUS:
     1 vakra (f. krā);
     2 kuṭilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 arālaḥ (lā laṃ).

SIP (v.):
     1 upaspṛśati (spṛśa, c. 6.);
     2 ācāmati (cam, c. 1.), s. s the drops of sweat on your face: ācāmati svedalavān mukhe te, R. xiii. 20.

SIP (subs.):
     1 ācamanam;
     2 upasparśaḥ. To take a s.: v. To sip.

SIPHON: a tube: *kṣepaṇī ut-.

SIR: āryaḥ, whence have you come, s.: kuta āryaḥ, Mr. ii.; remove s. s: apasarata āryāḥ, Mr. x. Ph.: "my good s.": bhadramukha.

SIRE:
     I Of kings: devaḥ.
     II Of holy men: bhagavat (m.).
     III Of father: tātaḥ, Vi.
     IV Author, creator: q. v.

SIREN: moha (hi) (?).

SIRLOIN: s. of beef: gokaṭiḥ (after Bha.).

SIRNAME: v. Surname.

SIROCCO: A WIND: *sauravātaḥ.

SIRRAH (interj.): re rere are, or arere.

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SISTER:
     1 bhaginī (any sort of s.);
     2 svasṛ (f. =.: rare), R.;
     3 sahodarī sodaryā or sagarbhā (= by the same mother). Elder s.: agrajā, Younger s.: avarajā, S.'s son:
     1 bhāgineyaḥ;
     2 svasreyaḥ (rare). S.'s daughter:
     1 bhāgineyī;
     2 svasreyī or svasri (srī) (rare).

SISTER-IN-LAW:
     1 nanāndṛ (f.) (= husband's sister); śyālī (= wife's s.);
     3 prajāvatī or bhrātṛjāyā (= brother's wife);
     4 yātṛ (f.) (= husband's brother's w.).

SISTERHOOD:
     I Lit.: bhaginītvam (?).
     II A society: bhaginīvargaḥ bhaginīsamājaḥ, etc.

SISTERLY:
     1 bhaginīsannibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 by adv. bhaginīvat, etc.

SIT (v. i.):
     I Lit.:
     1 āste (ās, c. 2.). s. ting on the altar: vedikāyāmāsīna (f. ), Ku. iii. 44.; s. by: upāste or anvāste, R. i. 56.; s. on or in: adhyāste, R. vi. 10.;
     2 niṣīdati (sad, c. 1.), s. when she s. s.: niṣaṇṇāyāṃ niṣīdāsyām, R. i. 89.: v. To sit down. Ph.: to s. idly: niṣkarman (mfn.) tiṣṭhate or sim. śete (śī, c. 2.: fig.), mayāpyasmin vastuni na śayānena sthīyate, Mr. i.
     II As a court: perh. āste, Mit.
     III To incubate: q. v.: perh. āste upaviśati (viś, c. 6.).
     IV To fit.: q. v.

SIT (v. t.): adhyāste: v. Sit (1).

SIT DOWN:
     I To take one's seat: q. v.: upaviśati (viś, c. 6.), s. for a moment: muhūrtamupaviśatu, Sa. i.
     II In mil.: expr. with tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.): v. Also to besiege.

SIT UP:
     I Lit. tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), R. i. 89.
     II To watch: jāgarti (jāgṛ, c. 2.), by s. ting up late at night: rātrijāgaraṇāt.

SITE (subs.):
     I Situation, position:
     1 sanniveśaḥ, s. of the zenana: antaḥpurasanniveśaḥ, D. iii.;
     2 saṃsthānam or saṃsthitiḥ.
     II Place: bhūmiḥ etc., with s. s of dwelling houses: vasativeśmamahībhiḥ, Ki. ix. 29.

SITTING (subs.):
     I The act: expr. by verb.
     II Seat: āsanam.

SITUATE, -D:
     1 niviṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), saṃ-, s. on the banks of the Sarayū: niviṣṭaḥ sarayūtīre, Ram.;
     2 avasthita (f. );
     3 saṃsthita (f. );
     4 -stha (f. sthā) in comp.

SITUATION:
     I Location:
     1 niveśaḥ -nam saṃ-;
     2 saṃsthānam or avasthānam (sthitiḥ).
     II Post, employment: q. v.: padam.

SIX: ṣaṣ, s. -faced: ṣaṇmukha (f. khī); s. oxen: ṣaṅgavam; with the remaining s. lotuses: ṣaḍibhiḥ śeṣapadmaiḥ, Li.; and s. were seen in the thread: dṛṣṭaṃ ṣaṭkañca sūtre, Li. 24.

SIXTEEN: ṣoḍaśan, S. -th.: ṣoḍaśaḥ (śī śaṃ), s. -fold: ṣoḍaśaguṇitaḥ (tā taṃ), Li.

SIXTH:
     1 ṣaṣṭha, (f. ṣṭhī), with a third, one-fifth, and a s.: tryaṃśapañcāṃśaṣaṣṭhaiḥ, Li. 23.: he was s. in descent from the moon: somādbabhūva ṣaṣṭho'yam, Mah. v. 139. 3.;
     2 ṣāṣṭha (f. ṣṭhī) (rare). S. -ly: ṣaṣṭhataḥ.

SIXTIETH: ṣaṣṭitamaḥ (mī maṃ), "ṣaṣṭitamo'dhyāyaḥ" Mah.

SIXTY: ṣaṣṭiḥ, of s. -two and half: sārdhadviṣaṣṭeḥ, Li.; s. -first: ekaṣaṣṭitamaḥ (mī maṃ) or, rarely ekaṣaṣṭa (f. ṣṭī), S. k.; s.-nine: ūnasaptatiḥ ekonasaptatiḥ, or rarely navaṣaṣṭiḥ ekānnasaptatiḥ.

SIZE (subs.): mānam pra- pari-, what is its s.: yatpramāṇamidam, V. p. ii. 2. 3.: of great s.: atipramāṇa (f. ṇā), K.; befitting their s.: svapramāṇānurūpa (f. ), Sa. i.: v. Also shape, extent, measure.

SIZED: big-s.: bṛhatpramāṇa (f. ṇā): v. Size.

SKATE (subs.):
     I A fish: śaṃkuḥ śaṅkuciḥ, or śaṅkocaḥ.
     II An ice-shoe: no equiv.: *nīhārapādukā -nālī.

SKATE (v.): *nīhārapādukayā visarpati (sṛp, c. 1.).

SKE(A)IN: pañjiḥ (ñjī), piñjiḥ (ñjī), pa (pi) ñjikā.

SKELETON:
     I Lit.:
     1 kaṅkālaḥ, mules reduced to s.: kaṅkālaśeṣāḥ kharāḥ, U. iii. 42.;
     2 asthipañjaraḥ, A.
     II Fig., outline: gaṭhanam (??).

SKETCH (v.): ālikhati (likh, c. 6.): v. To draw, portray.

SKETCH (subs.): per pāṇḍulekhaḥ -lekhyam; citrārambhaḥ. (in drawing: (?), R. ii. 31.: v. Also plan, description.

SKEWER:
     I Subs.: śalākā.
     II Verb.: śalākayā badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).: v. To fasten.

[Page 648]

SKIFF: taraṇī: v. Boat.

SKILFUL, SKILLED:
     1 kuśalaḥ (lā laṃ), I am s. in breaking and treating horses: kuśalo'smyaśvaśikṣāyāṃ tathaivāśvacikitsite, Mah. iv. 2. 4.;
     2 nipuṇa (f. ṇā), s. in conversing about mythological and historical anecdotes: purāṇetihāsakathālāpanipuṇaḥ, K.;
     3 vicakṣaṇa (f. ṇā), must be a s. master of horses: ghruvaṃ hayajño bhavitā vicakṣaṇaḥ, Mah. iv. 3.;
     4 pravīṇa (f. ṇā), s. in painting, bold in gambling: citrakarmaṇi pravīṇaḥ dyūtavyāpāre pragalbhaḥ, K.;
     5 paṭu (f. also ṭvī);
     6 viśāradaḥ (dā daṃ);
     7 caturaḥ (rā raṃ) (= shrewd);
     8 dakṣa (f. kṣā = dexterous);
     9 prauḍha (f. dhā), pragalbha (f. lbhā), vidagdha (f. gdhā), peśala (f. ) (poet. = well up);
     10 adhītin (f. ) or paṭhitin (f. ) (= well-read);
     11 bhadra (f. drā = good);
     12 abhijña (f. jñā = knowing); etc. N. B.
     1 to
     11 are cons. with loc., or rarely with dat., or inf. and
     12 with gen. They are all used in comp.

SKILFULLY:
     1 kuśalam;
     2 nipuṇam;
     3 caturam;
     4 sapāṭavam;
     5 kauśalena, etc.

SKILFULNESS, SKILL:
     1 kauśalam, greatest s.: paraṃ kauśalam, K.;
     2 naipuṇyam, s. in stirring anecdotes: citrakathānaipuṇyam, D.;
     3 pāṭavam, s. in riding elephants, horses, and other animals: mātaṅgaturaṅgādivāhanārohaṇapāṭavam, D.;
     4 prāvīṇyam, not so much with their s.: na tathobhayoḥ prāvīṇyena, R. xv. 6.;
     5 vaicakṣaṇyam;
     6 nipuṇatā;
     7 cāturyam (= cunning);
     8 dākṣyam (= dexterity);
     9 abhijñatā (= knowledge); etc.

SKIM (v.):
     I To remove the scum: phenaṃ gālayati (c. of gal) or srāvayati vi- (c. of sru), or nirharati (hṛ, c. 1.) (with gen.);
     II To pass over gently: perh. parisarpati (sṛp, c. 1.).

SKIMMER:
     1 bhkarjbhkaram -rī, Bha.;
     2 khajā (a. ladle), Mah.

SKIM-MILK: gholam "gholaṃ tu mathitaṃ takram", Bha.

SKIN (subs.):
     1 carman (n.) (= animal;) covering with a tiger -s.: vyāghracarmaṇā pracchādya, H. iii.; splitting of the s. (a disease): carmadalam, Bha.;
     2 tvac (f.) (general), and of a serpent when the s. is cast off: phaṇāvataśca tvaci vicyutāyām, Ki. xvii. 45.; clad in the pure s. of Ruru, he...: tvacaṃ sa medhyāṃ paridhāya rauravīm, R. iii. 31.; reduce to mere s. and bones: tvagasthimātraśeṣaḥ (ṣā ṣaṃ);
     3 ajinam (= hide), s. of an elephant: gajājinam, Ku. v. 67.;
     4 dṛtiḥ (= leather: rare);
     5 poet. by deriv., in a sheath of goat -s.: pāñcanakhe koṣe, Mah. 42. 14.

SKIN (v.):
     I To remove the s.: carma or tvacam apohati (uh, c. 1.) etc. (with gen.). S. ned: vi- or apa-lomatvac (mfn.), D. viii.
     II Of wounds etc.: a wound s. s over: vraṇasyopari carma jāyate.

SKIN-DEEP: carmagataḥ (tā taṃ): v. Superficial.

SKIN-FLING: baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.): v. Miser, miserly.

SKINNY: carmabhūtaḥ (tā taṃ) (?): v. Lean, withered.

SKIP (v.): plavate (plu, c. 1.): v. To leap, frisk, omit.

SKIP, -PING (subs.): plutam: v. Leap.

SKIRMISH:
     I Subs.: ḍimbaḥ -āhavaḥ.
     II Verb: expr. by subs.

SKIRT (subs.):
     1 prāntaḥ: v. Border;
     2 daśā (of a garment).

SKIRT (v.): expr. by subs.: v. To adjoin; border.

SKITTISH:
     1 capala (f. ): v. Wanton;
     2 kātara (f. ): v. Timid.

SKITTISHNESS:
     1 capalatā: v. Wantonness;
     2 kātaryam: v. Timidity.

SKITTLES: a play: *navaguṭikā.

SKULK (v. i.): nibhṛtaṃ tiṣṭhati, (sthā, c. 1.): v. To lurk, hide.

SKULL:
     1 karparaḥ;
     2 kapāla (mn.), the old necklace of Brahmā's s.s: purātanīṃ brahmakapālamālām, Ku. xii. 17.; a s. for begging: bhikṣākapālam, K.;
     3 śiro'sthi (= as capitis);
     4 karoṭiḥ (= 3), Vi. v. 19.

SKULL-CAP:
     1 śiraskam;
     2 śirastram; etc.

SKUNK: an animal: *gandhavīraḥ.

SKY:
     1 nabhas (n.), s. -blue: nabhastalaśyāmaḥ (mā maṃ), R. xviii. 6.; quickly descending from the s. ies: nabhovibhāgāttarasāvatīrya, N. iii. 1.; thunder fell from a cloudless s.: papāta vajraṃ nabhaso nirambudāt, Ku. xv. 20;
     2 vyoman (n.), s. -touching: vyomaspṛś (mfn.), Si. iv. 31.;
     3 ākāśaḥ, picturesque scene drawn in the s. ies without any foundation: ākāśe racitamabhitti citrakarma, Si. iv. 53.;
     4 gaganam, residents of the s.: gaganasadaḥ, Si. iv. 53.;
     5 antari()kṣam, then a voice from the s. loudly proclaimed: athāntarikṣe vāguccaiḥ prāha, V. p. v. 28. 21.;
     6 ambaram, s. lighting: ambaravikāśin (f. ), Si. v. 3.;
     7 kham, ambling in the s.: khe khelagābhī, Ku. vii. 49.;
     8 dyauḥ (= heaven: q. v.), s.-bird: dyupakṣī, Ku. xv. 14.;
     9 vihāyas (n.);
     10 viyat;
     11 gīrvāṇavartma, K., Ki. v. 17. and sim. comp. s. (poet.).

SKYEY: ākāśanibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ = like the sky);
     2 divya (f. vyā = heavenly.)

SKYLARK: bharadvājaḥ: v. Lark.

SKYLIGHT: *ākāśaprakāśaḥ: v. Window.

SLAB: śilā (= stone: q. v.).

SLACK (adj.): śithila (f. ), with the bowtrings s.: śithilajyābandha (f. ndhā), Sa. ii. 6.;
     2 ślatha (f. thā), vi- pari-, with the ties s.: ślathabandha (f. ndhā)., V. t.: v. Also loose, slow.

SLACK, -EN (v.):
     I Trans:
     1 śithilayati, I shall not s. the opportunity of serving: nāhaṃ sevāvasaraṃ śithilayiṣye, Sa. iii.;
     2 ślathayati (nomi.);
     3 śithilīkaroti, s. ed his hopes about the life of his father: pitari jīvitāśāṃ śithilīkaroti, K.;
     4 ślathīkaroti.
     II Intrans.:
     1 śithilāyate;
     2 śithilībhavati, tie the s. ed dress: śithilībhūtamākalaya dukūlam, K.

SLACKLY:
     1 śithilam, Sa. ii. 9.;
     2 ślatham, R. v. 69.;
     3 śaithilyena.

SLACKNESS:
     1 śithilatā -tvam or śaithilyam, from s. of memory: smṛtiśaithilyāt, Sa. vii.;
     2 ślathatā vi- pari- (rare).

SLAG: malam: v. Dross.

SLAIN (adj.): hata (f. ), ni- etc.: v. To kill, slay.

SLAKE (v.):
     I To quench, extinguish: q. v.: praśamayati (c. of śam).
     II gholayati, refine sugar s. ed in cold water: jalena śītalenaiva gholitā śubhraśarkarā, Bha.
     III To go out, be extinguished: q. v.: praśāmyati (śam, c. 4.).

SLAM: v. Bung.

SLANDER (subs.): apavādaḥ: v. Scandal, calumny, accusation.

SLANDER (v.): apavadati (vad, c. 1.): v. To defame, calumniate, accuse.

SLANDERER:
     1 asūyaka (f. yikā): v. Detracter;
     2 apavādaka (f. dikā),: v. Accuser.

SLANDEROUS:
     1 by comp.;
     2 parivādin (f. dinī);
     3 parivādagarbha (f. rbhā);
     4 vyapavādakara (f. );
     5 sāpavāda (f. );
     6 ākṣārin (f. ṇī).

SLANDEROUSLY:
     1 sāpavādam;
     2 sāsūyam;
     3 parivādagarbham.

SLANG:
     1 pralāpaḥ (deśabhāṣārūpaṃ luptavarṇamadhikavarṇaṃ kvacidvikṛtavarṇañca padajātam), Mah. i. 143. 19.; s. of the boatmen: nāvikapralāpaḥ (?);
     2 apabhāṣā (?).

SLANT, -ING (adj.): avasarpin (f. ṇī): v. Also oblique.

SLANTINGLY: tiryak: v. Obliquely.

SLAP (subs.):
     1 cape (rpa) ṭaḥ;
     2 capeṭikā;
     3 capeṭaprahāraḥ.

SLAP (v.):
     1 capeṭena hanti (han, c. 2.), praharati (hṛ, c. 2.), āyataṃ chinatti (chid, c. 1.), etc. ; v. To strike.

SLASH (v.):
     I Lit.: āyataṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7.) or nikṛntati (kṛt, c. 7.).
     II Fig.: chiefly in s. ing: aruntuda (f. ), when the mind is s. ed: gāḍhaṃ kṣate manasi, Ni.

SLASH (subs.):
     1 āyatacchedaḥ;
     2 mahācchedaḥ;
     3 aticchinnam, Ni.

SLATE: *śilāṭaḥ.

SLATE: (Adj.) *śailāṭaḥ -kaḥ: v. Also tiler.

SLATTERN: v. Slut.

SLAUGHTER: (subs.):
     1 viśasanam, vast s.: ghoraṃ viśasanam;
     2 kadanam, the s. er of innocent Kshatriyas: niraparādharājakulakadana, Vi. iii.;
     3 ghātaḥ (= killing: q. v.), s. of the army by the enemy: paraiḥ sainyaghātaḥ, Mah. vi. 108. 28.;
     4 ghātanam, Ku. xv. 8.;
     5 vaiśasam, half-s.: ardhavaiśasam, Ku. iv. 31.: v. Destruction.

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SLAUGHTER (v.): viśasati (śas, c. 1.), a calf has been s. ed: vatsatarī viśasitā, U. iv.

SLAUGHTERHOUSE: sū(śū)nā; its owner: saunikaḥ.

SLAVE (subs.):
     I Lit.: dāsaḥ (f. ), (s.s) home-bred, bought, got and hereditary: gṛhajātakrītalabdhapāramparīṇāḥ, Viv.; who wishes to make his s. a free man: yaḥ svaṃ dāsamadāsaṃ kartumicchet, N. s.; it is s.'s property, the master is not entitled to it: taddāsadhanaṃ svāmī nārhati, Viv.; even a free woman married by a s. becomes a s.: dāsenoḍhā tvadāsī yā sāpi dāsītvamāpnu yāt, Kat.; a born s.: garbhadāsaḥ (f. ), Mr.; eating female and male s. s: dāsīdāsajanaṃ bhakṣayitvā, D. vi.; I am your attendant s. with a thousand s. girls: ahaṃ dāsīsahasreṇa dāsī te paricārikā, Mah. i. 77. 22.
     II Fig.
     1 dāsaḥ;
     2 expr. by vaśa, a s. of the passions: indriyaparavaśaḥ (śā śaṃ): v. Give way.

SLAVE (v.):
     I Trans: dāsīkaroti, K.
     II Intrans.:
     1 dāsāyate. (nomi.);
     2 dāsyaṃ or dāsakarma karoti.

SLAVER (subs.):
     I A slave-merchant: dāsavaṇij (m.) (?).
     II A slave-ship: dāsavahanapotaḥ, etc. (?).
     III Saliva: q. v.: lālā.

SLAVER (v.): lālāyate (nomi.); by phrases.

SLAVERY:
     1 dāsyam;
     2 dāsatvam -tā;
     3 dāsabhāvaḥ, etc.

SLAVE-TRAFFIC, SLAVE-TRADE: dāsavikrayaḥ.

SLAVISH:
     1 dāsa- in comp.: v. Servile;
     2 by adv. dāsavat.

SLAVISHLY: dāsavat (lit. and fig.).

SLAVISHNESS: expr. by circumlo.: v. Servility.

SLAY (v.):
     1 mārayati (c. of mṛ): v. To kill;
     2 śātayati (c. of śat), "tadānīkamaśātayat", Mah. vii. 157. 27.:
     3 viśasati (śas, c. 1.): v. To slaughter;
     4 sūdayati vi- vini- (sūd, c. 10.), s. ing many animals: sūdayan vividhān mṛgān, Mah.

SLAYER:
     1 viśasitṛ (f. trī);
     2 by subs. in comp., s. of Madhu: madhusūdanaḥ; s. of Bala: balanisūdanaḥ, R. ix. 3.: v. Also killer.

SLEDGE: No equiv.: *ślakṣṇayānam ślākṣṇam.

SLEDGE-HAMMER:
     1 mudgaraḥ;
     2 mahāghanaḥ.

SLEEK: ślakṣṇa (f. kṣṇā): v. Smooth, glossy.

SLEEP (subs.):
     1 nidrā, overtaken by s.: nidrayā gṛhītaḥ, Va; I was overpowered with s.: nidrayā parāmṛṣye, D.; to go to s.: nidrāṃ yāti or gacchati, K.; to break s.: nidrāṃ bhanakti or bhinatti, Ma. n.; does not s. comes to us today: āvayornidrādya kimu nopasadyate, N.; was sent to long s. (i. e. death); dīrghanidrāṃ praveśitaḥ, R. xii. 18.; without having s.: anupajātanidra (f. drā), K.; very sound s.: atipakvanidrā, D.; dead s.: ghoranidrā, K.; aroused from s.: vinidra (f. drā), B.;
     2 rarely svapnaḥ svāpaḥ, or suptiḥ, in s.: svapne, D.; fond of s.: priyasvapna (f. pnā), K. xii. 81.;
     3 śayanam, went to s.: śayanamagamat, Ram. ii. 92. 24.

SLEEP (v.):
     1 svapiti pra- ava- sam-, (svap, c. 2.) (lit. and fig.), I will go and s. in the gatehouse: dvāraśālāyāṃ gatvā svapsyāmi, Mr.; s. ing at proper time: yathākālaṃ svapan, R.;
     2 nidrāti (drā, c. 2.), slept pressing each other: pīḍanāṃ vidadhatau nidadratuḥ, N.;
     3 nidrāyate, (nomi.), Mah.;
     4 śete (śī, c. 2.) (prop.=to lie down) (lit. and fig.), s.ing calmly: viśrabdhaṃ śayānam, Mah.; I will not be s. ing over it: mayāsminvastuni śayānena na sthīyate, Mu.; s. ing with the face down: avamūrddhaśayaḥ, S. k.;
     5 saṃviśati (viś, c. 6.) (=śete), shall s. on the left side: vāmapārśvena saṃviśet, Sr.

SLEEP-PRODUCING:
     1 svāpan (f. ), pra-, R. vii. 61.;
     2 nidrājanana (f. ) or -janaka (f. nikā), M. n.;
     3 nidrākara (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

SLEEPER:
     I Lit.:
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 nidrālu (mfn.);
     3 śayālu (mfn.).
     II A beam: *saṃveśatulā.

SLEEPILY:
     1 sanidram, Si. xi. 18.;
     2 expr. by adj. nidrāvaśaḥ (śā śaṃ), nidrābhibhūtaḥ (tā taṃ).

SLEEPINESS: naidratandrā: v. Sleep, sleepy.

SLEEPING (subs.): śayanam;
     2 rarely svāpaḥ suptiḥ, or svapnaḥ.

SLEEPING-DRAUGHT: nidrājanakamauṣadham (see Bha. on "nidrānāśaḥ").

SLEEPING-HOUSE:
     1 śayanagṛham;
     2 svapnaniketanam and sim. comp.s (rare), B. xi. 17.

[Page 651]

SLEEPING-PARTNER: bhogasahakārin (f. ṇī).

SLEEPLESS:
     1 naṣṭanidra (f. drā), and sim. comp.s, passed the night s. ly: utsannanidrā kṣapāṃ kṣapitavatī, K.;
     2 nirnidra (f. drā; rare). N.B. vinidra and unnindra are commonly applied to awaking after sleep.

SLEEPLESSNESS:
     1 nidrānāśaḥ (as a disease), Bha.;
     2 nirnidratā;
     3 nidrābhāvaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SLEEPY:
     I Inclined to sleep:
     1 nidrāvaśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 nidrābhibhūtaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 nidrāparatantra (f. ntrā), M. n.;
     4 nidrāvidheyaḥ (yā yaṃ), R. vii. 62.; and sim. comp.s. Ph.: to feel s.: (= wish to sleep):
     1 suṣupsati;
     2 śiśayiṣate, Si. xi. 22.;
     3 nididrāsati, Si. xi. 4.
     II Causing sleep: nidrāprada (f. ), Bha.: v. Sleep-producing.
     III Belonging to sleep: naidra (f. drī), "naśyannaidratandraḥ" Si. xi. 5.

SLEET: Perh. tuṣāravarṣaḥ.

SLEEVE:
     1 pippalaḥ (?), Wilson;
     2 āstaraṇam (?; comp. Astin). Ph.: to laugh in one's s.: antar hasati (has, c. 1.): v. To laugh.

SLEIGH: no equiv.: *ślakṣaṇayānam; ślākṣṇam.

SLEIGHT: s. of hand: perh. hastalāghavam: v. Also jugglery.

SLENDER:
     1 tanu (f. also navī), pra, a. s. girl: tanvī, R. vi. 25.; a s. plant: tanvī latā, R. xiii. 32.; having s. command of language: tanuvāgvibhava (f. ), R. i. 9.; to make s.: tanūkaroti, R. vi. 80.;
     2 kṛśa (f. śā), pari-, having a s. belly: kṛśodara (f. ), Ku. v. 42.; having s. limbs: kṛśāṅga (f. ṅgī), N. iii. 11.; by s. results: kṛśena phalena, Sa. vi. 11.: v. Also small, feeble.

SLENDERLY:
     1 tanu pra-;
     2 kṛśam pari-;
     3 by adj.: v. Also little.

SLENDERNESS:
     1 tanutā -tvam, Ku. iv. 13.;
     2 kṛśatā -tvam pari-;
     3 kārśyam pari-;
     4 tānavam (rare).

SLICE: Subs.:
     I khaṇḍa (mn.): v. Bit, piece.
     II Verb: khaṇḍīkaroti: v. To cut up.

SLIDE (v.):
     I To glide, move: q. v.: visarpati (sṛpa, c. 1.).
     II To slip: q. v.

SLIDE, -ING (subs.):
     I The act: visarpa -ṇam.
     II The place: avasarpaḥ or visarpaḥ.
     III In machinery: *visarpaḥ.

SLIGHT (adj.):
     1 tanu (f. also nvī): v. Slender;
     2 alpa (f. lpā): v. Little. Ph.: not the s. est: na manāgapi: v. Least; in a s. degree: īṣat: v. Little (adv.).

SLIGHT (v.): upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To disregard, neglect.

SLIGHT (subs.): upekṣā: v. Disregard, neglect, contempt.

SLIGHTER: upekṣaka (f. kṣikā): v. Also despiser.

SLIGHTINGLY:
     1 sāvajñam;
     2 anādṛtya: v. Contemptuously.

SLIGHTLY: īṣat: v. Little, somewhat.

SLIGHTNESS:
     1 tanutā: v. Slenderness;
     2 alpatā: v. Smallness.

SLILY:
     1 chalena;
     2 caturam (= cunningly).

SLIM: tanu (f. also nvī): v. Slender.

SLIME: śayānakardamaḥ and sim. comp.s.: v. Mud.

SLIMINESS:
     1 śayānatā;
     2 cikkaṇatā: v. Slimy.

SLIMY:
     1 śayāna (f. );
     2 cikkaṇa (f. ṇā = glossy);
     3 paṅkila (f. = muddy).

SLING (subs.):
     I For throwing:
     1 gophaṇā (?), Wilson;
     2 dolā (?: used in Bengalee).
     II For bandage: *ślathālambaḥ.

SLING (v.):
     I To throw: q. v.: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II To hang: q. v.: udbadhnāti (bandha, c. 9.).

SLINK: vyapayāti (, c. 2.): v. To creep away, flee.

SLIP (v. i.):
     I Lit.: skhalati (skhal, c. 1.), her feet s. ping at every step: pade pade praskhalantī, K.
     II Fig.: skhalati pra-, letting words s.: vacanāni skhalayan, Ku. iv. 12.: v. Also to fall. To let s.: kṣipati ava-, (kṣip, c. 6. = to throw: q. v.), opportunities s: kṣiptakāla (f. ), Sa. iii. 27.
     III To s. off: sraṃsate (sraṃsa, c. 1.), the Gānḍīva s. s off from my hand: gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃ sate hastāt, G. i. 30.
     IV To s. away: vyapayāti (, c. 2.): v. To escape, flee.
     V To s. in: alakṣitam ā-viśati samā- (viś, c. 6.).

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SLIP (v. t.):
     I To let s.: q. v.: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.).
     II To convey secretly: alakṣitaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. To put.
     III To let loose: q. v.: muñcati (muc, c. 6.).

SLIP (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 svalanam:
     2 skhalitam.
     II Fig., mistake, fault: q. v.: skhalanam or skhalitam, how shall I cover this s.: kenedaṃ skhalitaṃ pracchādayāmi, K.; when there is s. of tongue: gotreṣu skhalito yadā bhavati, Sa. vi. 4.
     III A twig: q. v.: viṭapaḥ.
     IV Of paper etc.: khaṇḍa (mn.: (?).

SLIPPER: pādukā: v. Shoe.

SLIPPERINESS: picchilatā: v. Slippery.

SLIPPERY:
     I Lit.: picchila (f. ), in the battle-field s. with mud. (formed by) blood: raṇāṅgane śoṇitapaṅkapicchile, Ku. xvi. 50.
     II Unstable, uncertain: q. v.: asthiraḥ.
     III Of men: capalaḥ (lā laṃ), Sa. ii.

SLIPSHOD: fig.: perh. śithila (f. = slack).

SLIT: Subs.: dīrghacchedaḥ.
     II Verb: dārayati (dṝ, c. 10.): v. To send.

SLOGAN: kṣveḍitam: v. Shout.

SLOOP: potaviśeṣaḥ.

SLOP (subs.):
     I Water carelessly thrown: expr. by circumlo.
     II In pl., common clothes: sthūlapaṭaḥ.
     III Dirty water: q. v.: amedhyaṃ jalam.

SLOPE (subs.):
     1 avasarpiṇī bhūḥ -miḥ (= declivity);
     2 pravaṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ), Wilson;
     3 perh. avasarpaḥ.

SLOPE (v.):
     I Trans.:
     1 pravaṇīkaroti;
     2 āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).
     II Intrans.:
     1 pravaṇībhavati;
     2 avasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.).

SLOPING (adj.):
     1 pravaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 avasarpin (f. ṇī).

SLOPPY (adj.): paṅkila (f. ): v. Muddy.

SLOTH:
     I Idleness: q. v.: tandrā, sleep, s.: nidrā tandrā, H. i. 33.
     II The animal: no equiv.: *tandrāvahaḥ.

SLOTHFUL:
     1 tandrita (f. ), without being s.: atandritā sā, Ku. v. 14.;
     2 tandrālu (mfn.);
     3 alasi (f. = idle: q. v.).

SLOTHFULLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 tandrayā;
     3 ālasyena (=idly), or alasam (Si. viii. 7.).

SLOTHFULNESS:
     1 tandrālutā;
     2 tandrā (= sloth).

SLOUCHING (adj.): pralamba (f. mbā, = hanging down:?).

SLOUGH (subs.):
     I Of a snake;
     1 nirmokaḥ, to cast off s.: nirmokaṃ vimuñcati, R. xvi. 17.;
     2 kañcukaḥ, a venomous snake with the s. shorn off: vigalatkañcukaḥ pannagendraḥ, Vi. vi. 53.
     II Of a wound: perh. kañcukaḥ or koṣaḥ (comp. vernacular).
     III A deep miry place: mahāpaṅkaḥ.

SLOUGH (v.): skhalati (skhal, c. 1.), in the third week, it dries and s. s off: tatastṛtīye saptāhe śuṣyati skhalati svayam, Bha.

SLOVENLINESS: perh. avyavasthā: v. Carelessness, negligence.

SLOVENLY: perh. avyavasthitaḥ (tā taṃ): v. Careless, negligent.

SLOW:
     1 manda (f. ndā), s. motion: mandagatiḥ, P. h.; s. digestion: mandāgniḥ, Sr.; having s. poison: mandaviṣaḥ, J.; being s. I did not see that my companions would perceive it: sakhījano'pyupalakṣayatīti mandayā na lakṣitam, H.; to help s. minds: mandātmānujighṛkṣayā, K.; are not s.: na mandāyante, Me. i. 41.;
     2 manthara (f. ), the s. maid: mantharā, Ram.; s. to recognize: pratyabhijñānamanthara (f. ), Sa. iv.;
     3 bilambita (f. = delayed), quick and s.: drutabilambita-, P. h.

SLOWLY:
     1 mandam or mandaṃ mandam, Me. i. 9.;
     2 mantharam, Ki. iv. 17.;
     3 by comp.; s. pressed: mandākrānta (f. ntā). Ph. śanaiḥ or śanaiḥ śanaiḥ, K.

SLOWNESS:
     1 mandatā;
     2 māndyam;
     3 mantharatā (rare).

SLOW-WORM: *mantharaḥ.

SLUG: v. Snail.

SLUGGARD, SLUGGISH:
     1 *tandrālu (mfn.): v. Slothful;
     2 manda (f. ndā): v. Slow.

SLUGGISHLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 mandam: v. Slowly.

SLUGGISHNESS:
     1 tandrālutā;
     2 māndyam (slowness);
     3 jāḍyam (= stupor).

SLUICE:
     I Flood-gate: *rodhadvāram.
     II Stream: q. v.: pravāhaḥ.

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SLUMBER:
     I Subs.: svāpaḥ: v. Sleep.
     II Verb: svapiti (svap, c. 2.): v. To sleep.

SLUR:
     I Subs.: kalaṅkaḥ: v. Stain, disgrace.
     II Verb.: kalaṅkayati (nomi.): v. To soil, pollute, disgrace.

SLUT:
     1 avinītā;
     2 bandhakī;
     3 duḥśīlā; etc.

SLUTTISH: avinīta (f. ): v. Untidy, careless.

SLY:
     1 dhūrta (f. rtā): v. Rogue;
     2 catura (f. ): v. Cunning;
     3 dāmbhika (f. ) ; v. Hypocrite.

SLYNESS:
     1 dhūrtatā;
     2 caturatā;
     3 dāmbhikatā ; v. Sly.

SMACK (v. i.): it s. s of meat: āmiṣagandhi (mfn.) Sa.: v. To smell, taste.

SMACK (v. t.):
     I To make a sharp noise: āsphoṭayati (sphuṭ, c. 10.). or āsphoṭanaṃ karoti.
     II To slap: q. v.
     III To kiss noisily: perh. rabhasena cumbati (cumb, c. 1.), Ki. ix. 47.

SMACK (subs.):
     I Loud kiss: perh. rasabhacumbitam.
     II Savour:
     1 svādaḥ (= taste: q. v.);
     2 gandhaḥ (= smell: q. v.).
     III Cracking: āsphoṭanam.

SMALL (adj.):
     I In gen.:
     1 kṣudra (f. drā: not of quantity), s. craft: kṣudranauḥ; s. whirlwind: kṣudranirghātaḥ, K.; s. enemy: kṣudrārātiḥ, Ve. iii.;
     2 alpa (f. lpā = little: q. v.), and my intellect of s. range: kva cālpaviṣayā matiḥ, R. i. 2.; at a very s. price: alpīyasā mūlyena, D. iii. Ph.: in a s. degree: īṣat: v. Little (adv.), somewhat.
     II Of the voice: v. Weak, low.

SMALL (subs.): perh. kṣudrabhāgaḥ, s. s: perh. kṣudravāsas (n.).

SMALLAGE: śākabhedaḥ; *bhūgarbhā.

SMALLNESS:
     1 kṣudratā -tvam, from the s. of woman's nature: kṣudratayā strīsvabhāvasya, K.;
     2 alpatā -tvam: v. Littleness;
     3 nīcatā (= lowness).

SMALL-POX:
     1 vasantaḥ -rogaḥ;
     2 śītalā (prob. =goddess of s.), attacked with s.: devyā śītalayākrāntāḥ, Bha.

SMALL-TALK: saṃkathā: v. Chat, conversation.

SMART (adj.):
     I Sharp: q. v.: tīkṣṇa (f. kṣṇā),
     II Cunning, skilful: q. v.: catura (f. ).
     III Witty:
     1 rasika (f. );
     2 sarasa (f. ).
     IV Elegant, lively: q. v.: praphulla (f. llā).

SMART (subs.):
     1 tīvravedanā and sim. comp.s.;
     2 śūlam.

SMART (v.): expr. by circumlo.: my heart is s. ing from disgrace: nyakkāro hṛdi vajrakīla iva me tīvraṃ parispandate, Vi. v. 22.

SMARTLY:
     1 tīkṣṇam: v. Sharply;
     2 tūrṇam ; v. Quickly;
     3 śobhanam.: v. Beautifully;
     4 sarasam (=wittily).

SMART-MONEY: no equiv.: *śūlaśodhaḥ or śūladhanam.

SMARTNESS:
     1 tīkṣṇatā: v. Sharpness;
     2 lāghavam: v. Quickness, dexterity;
     3 vaidagdham: v. Skilfulness;
     4 rasikatā (= wittiness);
     5 śobhā: v. Beauty;
     6 vegaḥ: v. Impetuosity.

SMASH (v.):
     1 mathnāti (manth, c. 9.), shall I not s. the hundred Kauravas: mathnāmi na kauravaśatam, Ve. i. 15.; of s. ing misfortunes: pramāthinīnāṃ vipadām, Ki. iii. 14.;
     2 mṛdnāti ava- pari- saṃ- abhi-, (mṛd, c. 9.), s. ed their armies: balānyabhṛdrāt, R. xviii. 5.;
     3 dalayati or dālayati vi- pari-, (dal, c. 10.), s. ed his head: mūrddhānamadālayat, B.;
     4 pothayati ava-, (puth, c. 10.), Mah.

SMASH (subs.):
     1 pramāthaḥ;
     2 vimardaḥ -nam;
     3 dalanam paridalanam.

SMATTERER:
     1 vārttāmātrāvabodhin (f. );
     2 pallavagrāhin (f. ṇī); etc.

SMATTERING (subs.): s. of knowledge:
     1 vārttāmātrāvabodhaḥ, D. ii., and sim. comp.s;
     2 pallavagrāhitā.

SMEAR: limpati vi-, (lip, c. 6.): v. To besmear, annoint.: s. over, i. e. to set out: lumpati vi- (lup, c. 6.).

SMELL (subs.):
     I The sense: ghrāṇam, perceivable by s.: ghrāṇagrāhya (f. hyā), Par.
     II The act: ghrāṇam ā- upā-, the sense of s.: ghrāṇendriyam, K.; the faculty of s.: ghrāṇaśaktiḥ.
     III Scent, odour: q. v. gandhaḥ, having the s. of fish: matsyagandha (f. ndhā), Mah.; s. of wine: madyasya or madyabhavo gandhaḥ, Bha.; cannot bear even the s. of others: nānyasya gandhamapi sahante, Si. v. 42.

SMELL (v. t.):
     I Lit.: ghrāti ā- upā- abhi- ava- (ghrā, c. 2.), I smelt the diffusing scent of a flower: visarpantaṃ kusumagandhamabhyajighram, K.
     II Fig. gandhaṃ prāpnoti (āp, c. 5.). (with gen.).

SMELL (v. i.): expr. with gandhaḥ, it s. s of flesh: idamāmiṣagandhaṃ vāti, Sa. v.; s. ing like fat: vasāgandha (f. ndhā), Ve. iii.; strong-s.ing: ugragandha (f. ndhā), Bha. or udgandhi (mfn.: G. A. 25.); honey-s.ing: madhugandhin (f. ), Bha.; s. ing elephant: gandhadvipaḥ, R. vi. 7.

SMELLING (subs.): v. Smell. Ph.: s. -bottle: *gandhakūpī.

SMELT (subs.): matsyaviśeṣaḥ; *gandhamīnaḥ.

SMELT (v.): vidrāvayati (c. of dru) (?): v. To melt, fuse.

SMELTER: lauhadrāvakaḥ (?): v. Melter.

SMILE (subs.):
     1 smitam, with a s. (i. e. s. ing): sasmitam, D. v.;
     2 vihasitam, (rare);
     3 īṣaddhāsyam mandahāsaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

SMILE (v.):
     1 smayate (smi, c. 1.), and I s. d a little: ahañca kiñcidasmaiṣi, D. v.; s. d looking at me and went away: māmabhivīkṣya smitvā prātiṣṭhata, D. ii.;
     2 vihasati (has, c. 1.), said s. ing gently: mandaṃ mandaṃ vihasyābravīt, K.: v. Also to laugh.

SMILE ON: i. e. to favour: q. v.: anugṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.).

SMILING (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 smeraḥ (rā raṃ), Ku. v. 70.;
     2 sasmitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     3 smayamānaḥ (nā naṃ), I replied s.: mayā smayamānenāmihitam, D. ii.;
     4 smitaḥ (tā taṃ), with a s. countenance: smitamukha (f. khī), D. ii.
     II Joyous: praphulla (f. llā).

SMILINGLY:
     1 sasmitam;
     2 vihasyaḥ v. To smile.

SMIRCH: malinayati (nomi.): v. To soil.

SMIRK:
     I Subs.: vikṛtaṃ smitam.
     II Verb.: expr. by subs.

SMITE (v.):
     I To strike, kill: q. v.: hanti (han, c. 2.).
     II Of love: expr. by madanabāṇahataḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp.s. s. ten by love, I set out for Srāvastī: ahaṃ pañcabāṇavaśyaḥ śrāvastīmabhyavartiṣi. D. v.

SMITH:
     1 śilpin (m.);
     2 -kāraḥ, in comp., iron-s.: ayaskāraḥ.

SMITHY, SMITHERY:
     1 śilpaśālā;
     2 karmaśālā, and sim. comp.s.

SMOCK, -FROCK: sthūlaśāṭī -ṭikā (?).

SMOKE (v. t.):
     I As tobacco:
     1 pibati, (, c. 1.), s. ing a cigar: paripītadhūmavartiḥ, K.;
     2 sevate, (sev, c. 1.: habitually), Bha.
     II To purify by s.: dhūme(pe)na śodhayati (c. of śudh): v. To purify.
     III To dry by s.: dhūme(pe)na śoṣayati (c. of śuṣ): v. To dry.

SMOKE (v. i.): dhūmā(pā)yate (nomi.), making the quarters s.: dhūmāyayan diśaḥ, Mah. iii. 38. 30.

SMOKE (subs.):
     I Lit.: dhūmaḥ(paḥ), dark like s.: dhūmadhūmra (f. mrā), R. xv. 16.; forming clouds of s.: dhṛtadhūmamaṇḍalaḥ, Ki. xvi., 59.; where there is s., there is fire: yato dhūmastato vahniḥ.
     II Fig.: 'ending in s.': perh. śūnyagarbha (f. rbhā).

SMOKELESS:
     1 nirdhūma (f. );
     2 vidhūma (f. ), of s. lustre: vidhūmarociḥ, M. n. on Si. i. 2.;
     3 dhūmahīna (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

SMOKER:
     1 dhūmapa (f. ) or pāyin (f. );
     2 dhūmasevin (f. ).

SMOKY:
     I Smoking:
     1 dhūmā(pā)yamāna (f. );
     2 sadhūma (f. ).
     II Full of smoke:
     1 sadhūma (f. );
     2 dhūmāvaruddha (f. ddhā);
     3 dhūmabahula (f. ); and sim. comp.s.
     III Like s.:
     1 dhūmābha (f. bhā), and sim. comp.s;
     2 dhūmra (f. mrā).
     IV Smelling or tasting like s.:
     1 dhūmagandha (f. ndhā: of smell);
     2 dhūmasvāda (f. );
     3 by adv.: dhūmavat: v. To savour.

SMOOTH (adj.):
     1 sama (f. = equal, equable, level: q. v.), although the ground is s.: bhittau samāyāmapi, Sa. vi. 16.; naturally s., glossy, and black: nisargasamasnidhanīlaḥ, D. vi.;
     2 ślakṣṇa (f. kṣṇā = glossy), quieting by s. words: śāntvayan ślakṣṇayā vācā, Mah. iii. 37. 56.: v. Mild, soft.

SMOOTH (v.):
     1 samīkaroti: v. To level; (S) ślakṣṇīkaroti (in other senses);
     3 ślakṣṇayati (nomi.=2).

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SMOOTHLY:
     1 samam;
     2 ślakṣṇam (= softly);
     3 sukhena (easily).

SMOOTHNESS:
     1 samatā;
     2 ślakṣṇatā (= glossiness, softness);
     3 śāntatā (= quiet);
     4 svacchatā (= clearness).

SMOTHER (v.):
     I To suffocate: q. v.
     II To suppress: q. v.: pratistabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.).
     III To smash: q. v.: mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.).

SMOULDER:
     1 antar jvalati, (jval, c. 1.) or sphurati (sphur, c. 1.), s. ing rage: antaḥsphuratkopānalaḥ, Vi. v. 21.

SMUGGLE: expr. by circumlo., by s. ing goods: pratiṣiddhāni bhāṇḍāni nirharataḥ, M. viii. 399.: v. To import, export.

SMUGGLER: expr. by circumlo.

SMUT (subs.):
     I Obscene language: aślīlam.
     II malam.
     III Lamp-black: masī.

SMUT, SMUTCH (v.): malinayati (nomi.): v. To soil, blacken.

SMUTTY:
     1 aślīla (f. ): v. Obscene;
     2 malina (f. ): v. Dirty.

SNACK:
     I Equal share: q. v.: samāṃśaḥ: v. Half.
     II Hasty repast: ladhvāhāraḥ, and sim. comp.s.

SNAFFLE:
     I Subs.: khalīnam: v. Bit.
     II Verb.: perh. khalīnayati (nomi.); khalīnaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with loc.), P.

SNAIL:
     I Lit.; śambūkaḥ.
     II Fig.: manthara (f. ).

SNAKE:
     1 sarpaḥ, s. -sacrifice: sarpayajñaḥ, Mah.; I have been bitten by a s.: sarpeṇāsmi daṣṭaḥ, Mal. iv.;
     2 ahiḥ (= poisonous s.), all venomous s. s. are poisonous: ahayaḥ saviṣāḥ sarve, K. s. xiii. 84.; s. -catcher: āhituṇḍikaḥ, Mu. ii.;
     3 bhujaṅgaḥ bhujagaḥ or bhujaṅgamaḥ, draws out a s. from the basket: bhujaṅgamākarṣati peṭikāyāḥ, V. t.;
     4 nāgaḥ;
     5 pannagaḥ;
     6 uragaḥ;
     7 vyalaḥ (rare), s.- catcher: vyālagrāhī, Mu. ii. Ph.: extricated himself from the coils of s.: mocayāmāsa svadehaṃ bhogabandhanāt, V. p. v. 7. 42.; bending the middle fold of the expanded hood: ānamya madhyamaṃ phaṇam, V. p. v. 7. 43.; sending forth poison with (their) fangs without interruption: viṣamāśībhiranārataṃ vamantaḥ, Si. xx. 42.

SNAKE-ROOT: *sarpauṣadhiḥ (?).

SNAKE-WORSHIPPER: nāgopāsakaḥ (śeṣopāsaka: in San. 48, śeṣa = chief of s. s.).

SNAKY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 by sarpavat etc. (= like a snake). Ph.: a s. person: bhujaṅgaḥ (f. ṅgī), V. t.

SNAP (v. t.):
     I To strike:
     1 sphoṭayati (sphuṭa, c. 10.), shall not s. (the fingers): nāsphoṭayet, M. iv. 64.;
     2 sphālayati ā- (sphal, c. 10.: as the bow), s. ping of the bow-string: jyāsphālanam, Sa. ii. 4.
     II To break up: q. v.:
     1 sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ);
     2 troṭayati (c. of truṭ).

SNAP (v. i.):
     I To break suddenly: truṭyati (truṭ, c. 4.).
     II To make a sharp sound: kvaṇati (kvaṇ, c. 1.).
     II To bark: q. v.: bhaṣati (bhaṣa, c. 1.)
     IV To aim: lakṣyīkaroti.
     V To bite: q. v.: daśati (danś, c. 1: with acc.).

SNAP, -PING (subs.):
     I As of fingers:
     1 āsphoṭanam;
     2 moṭanam.
     II As of bows: āsphālanam or āsphālitam.
     III Barking: bhaṣitam.
     IV Bite: q. v.: daṃśaḥ.
     V Sudden breaking:
     1 troṭanam;
     2 sphoṭanam.

SNAP-DRAGON: the game: drākṣāsphoṭanam.

SNAPPISH:
     I Lit.: daṃśanaśīla (f. ), and sim. comp. s.
     II Peevish: q. v.: karkaśa (f. śā).

SNARE (v.): pāśe pātayati (c. of pat): v. To ensnare.

SNARE (subs.):
     1 pāśaḥ, to lay s. s: pāśān yojayati; caught in s. s: pāśairbaddhaḥ, H. i.;
     2 vāgurā, having fallen into the s. s of bad men: durjanavāgurāsu patitaḥ, P. i. 3.;
     3 jālam (= net), rogues live by s. s: jālopajīvinodhūrtāḥ, K. s. xxiv. 199.;
     4 unmāthaḥ (a trap).

SNARL (v.):
     1 bhaṣati (bhaṣ, c. 1. = bark: q. v.);
     2 ghargharaṃ garjati, (garj, c. 1. = roll: q. v.): v. Also to murmur, complain.

SNARLER:
     1 bhaṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     2 karkaśa (f. śā harsh, peevish: q. v.).

SNATCH (v.):
     1 ācchinatti (chid, c. 7.), s. es away in our presence: miṣatāmācchinatti naḥ, Ku. ii. 46.;
     2 ākṣipya gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.), M. n.;
     3 harati apa-, (hṛ, c. 1. = to rob.);
     4 muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9. = to filch);
     5 unmūlayati (=to uproot).

SNATCH (subs.):
     I Lit.: expr. by verb.
     II Fig.: by s. es: khaṇḍaśaḥ, s. s of moonlight: kādācitkacandrikā (?).

SNATCHING (adj.): Covetous: q. v.: gṛghnu (mfn.).

SNEAK: channam apasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.): v. To withdraw, privately.

SNEAKING (adj.): fig.: kutsitavṛtti (mfn.): v. Mean, low.

SNEAKINGLY:
     1 kṛpaṇavat;
     2 dāsavat (= servile).

SNEER (v.): avahasati (has, c. 1.: with acc.): v. To deride, ridicule.

SNEER, SNEERING (subs.): avahāsaḥ: v. Derision, ridicule.

SNEERINGLY:
     1 sāvahāsam;
     2 avahasya: v. Derisively.

SNEEZE (v.): kṣauti (kṣu, c. 2.);
     2 by subs.

SNEEZE, SNEEZING (subs.):
     1 kṣutam, s. -producer: kṣutābhijananaḥ, A.;
     2 kṣavaḥ -thuḥ, Sr.;
     3 kṣut (f.);
     4 chikkā;
     5 hañjiḥ.

SNIFF: v. To inhale, snuff, smell.

SNIP (v.):
     I Lit.: agraṃ or agrabhāgaṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7.): v. To cut, tap.
     II To pilfer: q. v.: muṣṇāti (muṣ, c. 9.).

SNIPE: the bird: vaṭeraḥ vaṭerakaḥ (?).

SNIVEL (subs.):
     1 nāsāmalam;
     2 siṃhānam(ṇam); siṃghāṇam.

SNIVEL (v.):
     I To run at the nose: expr. by malaṃ sravati (sru, c. 1.: with abl. of nose), s. ing: nāsāsravaḥ, Sr.
     II Whine: krandati (krand, c. 1.): v. To cry.

SNOB, -BISH: perh.: sabhyammanya (f. nyā), bhadramānina (f. ), etc.

SNOOZE: v. Nap.

SNORE (v.):
     I ghargharāyate (nomi.).
     II Subs.: snoring: ghargharaḥ -śabdaḥ.

SNORT:
     I Verb.: phu(phū)tkāraṃ muñcati (mūc, c. 6.): anavarataparisphuratprothapuṭonmuktaphutkāreṇātijavāpītamanilamiva nāsikāvivareṇodvamantam, K.
     II Subs.: phu(phū)tkāraḥ or phu(phū)tkṛtam.

SNOUT: potram, Ki. xiii. 3. Hence a boar is potrin.

SNOW (subs.):
     1 himam, the abode of s.: himālayaḥ; s.-bound: himasaṃruddha (f. ddhā), Mat.; s.-capped summit: himacchatramahāśṛṅgam, Mat.; the whole surface covered with s.: himānuliptasarvāṅga (f. ṅgī), Mat.; fall of s.: himapātaḥ, Mat.; heap of s.: himānī, Ki. iv. 38.; himapuñjaḥ, Mat.; s.-white: himagaura (f. ); Ki. v. 17.;
     2 tuṣāraḥ, flow of s.: tuṣārasrutiḥ, Ku. i. 6.; showering s.: tuṣāravarṣī, R. xiv. 84.; s.-water: tuṣārajalam, Ki. ix. 5.;
     3 tuhinam, s.-like: tuhinasadṛśa (f. śī), Mat.;
     4 prāleyam, s.-cold: prāleyaśīta (f. ), Si. iv. 64.

SNOW (v.): it s. s: himaṃ etc. patati (pat, c. 1.).

SNOWY:
     1 by comp., s. mountain: himādriḥ; s.-famed: tuhinayaśas (mfn.), Mat. 114. 19.;
     2 haima (f. );
     3 mahāhima (f. = very s.);
     4 himavat (f. = having snow); etc.

SNUB: perh. parābhavati (bhū, c. 1.): v. Also to chide, censure.

SNUB-NOSE:
     1 cipiṭanāsā;
     2 natanāsikā. S. d:
     1 natanāsika (f. );
     2 avaṭīṭa (f. ṭā);
     3 avanāṭa (f. ṭā);
     4 avabhaṭa (f. ṭā).

SNUFF (subs.):
     I Powdered tobacoo: nasyam, to take s.: nasyaṃ gṛhnāti, Bha.
     II Burnt candle-wick: perh. chatram; dagdhavartiḥ.

SNUFF (v.):
     I To inhale, smell: q. v.
     II to take out s.: chatram apanayati (, c. 1.). S. out: v. To extinguish.

SNUFF-BOX:
     1 nasyadhānī;
     2 nasyādhāraḥ; etc.

SNUFFERS: no prop. equiv.: kartarikā.

SNUFFLE (v.): perh. dhuraghurāyate (nomi.), K.

SNUG:
     I Compact: q. v.: saṃhata (f. ).
     II Secret, retired: q. v.: gūḍha (f. ḍhā).
     III Comfortable, convenient: q. v.

SNUGGLE: saṃghṛṣya śete (śī, c. 2.): v. To lie down.

SNUGLY:
     I Comfortably: sukhena.
     II Closely: saṃghṛṣya.
     III Secretly: gūḍham.

SO (interj.): tiṣṭha or tiṣṭha tiṣṭha (from sthā).

SO (adv. conj.):
     I In gen:
     1 tathā, as Vishnu alone is known as the best of men, so the sages know me (alone) to be the performer of hundred sacrifices: hariryathaikaḥ puruṣottamaḥ smṛtaḥ tathā vidurmāṃ munayaḥ śatakratum, R. iii. 49.; not so much before...as: tathā na pūrvaṃ...yathā, Ki. viii. 41.; so scorched by the rays of the sun: tathātitaptaṃ saviturgabhastibhiḥ, Ku. v. 21.; you should act so that you are not laughed at by men: tathā prayatethā yathā nopahasyase janaiḥ, K.; let him be entirely so: tathāvidhastāvadaśeṣamastu saḥ, Ku. v. 82.; be it so: tathāstu, Pra. iii.;
     2 evam, as sparks from burning fire are scattered in every direction, so: ...yathāgnerjvalataḥ sarvā diśo visphuliṅgā vipratiṣṭheran, S. 10.; and so of Vishnu: evaṃ hareśca, Li. 241.; my child, it is so or a (mere) joke: ayīdamevaṃ parihāso (), Ku. v. 62.; don't say so: mā maivam, Mu. i.; it is so, but...: evabhetat kintu..., Vi. 6.; when the chief of divine sages said so (i. e. as described above): evamuktavati devaṛṣīndre, N. v. 37.;
     3 tadvat (= in like manner: gen with yadvat), S. iii. 3. 9.
     II Of degree: expr. by words meaning such: she is so pretty: īdṛśaṃ rūpalāvaṇyam; so excellent: īdṛgguṇopetaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xi. 41.; so insufferable: īdṛśaṃ suduḥsaham, Ki. i. 43.; of so great-minded men: tādṛśānāṃ mahātmanām, K. N.B. so great, so little, is gen. expr. by sim. such, his erudition is so great: īdṛśaṃ tasya pāṇḍityam; be so good as to... is expr. by anugṛhnāti (= to favour) or bhadratayā (= out of goodness); ever so: v. However.
     III = So that: expr. by tathā...yathā, "were let loose, s. truth be in the field": tathā mucyeran yathā bhuvi satyamāvirbhavati: v. Also provided that.

SO AND SO: amukaḥ (kī kaṃ), of such and such a king, son of s.: amukaputrasyāmukasya mahīpateḥ, Vy.

SO-CALLED: nāman, in comp.: v. Name.

SO FAR:
     I With as: yāvat (f. ), so far as lies in my power: yāvacchaktitaḥ, Ka.
     II Abs.: etāvat or iyat (f. ), so far and no further: etāvannādhikam.
     III With from expr. with āstām (=let, alone) or dūrataḥ, far from seeing: dūre taddarśanam, K. s. 25. 31.

SO FORTH: v. So on.

SO LONG:
     I Abs.: etāvatkālam, and sim. comp.s.
     II With as or in cor. with as long as: expr. by yāvat...tāvat, so l. as I live, I wish ...yāvat prāṇimi tāvat...icchāmi, K.

SO MANY:
     I Abs.:
     1 iyat (f. ):
     2 etāvat (f. ).
     II With as many:
     1 tāvat (f. );
     2 tati (in pl. with yati: rare).

SO MUCH:
     I Adj.: v. Much, so
     II Adv.:
     1 īdṛk;
     2 etādṛk;
     3 tādṛk or tathā (in cor. with as: tādṛk with yādṛk and tathā with yathā), Arjuna did not regret so m. at the bad omen as for their emptiness: tenānimittena tathā na pārthastayoryathā riktatayānutepe, Ki. xvii. 40.;
     4 by adj., those who ask do not feel so m. shame as those who give: na tādṛśī bhavati yācamānānāṃ yādṛśī dadatāṃ lajjā, K. Ph.: so m. the better, the worse for him: perh. etattāvacchomanam aśobhanameva.

SO ON, SO FORTH: expr. by -ādi in comp.

SO SOON:
     I Abs.: v. So (II).
     II = As soon: q. v.

SO SO:
     I = Well, well: vāḍham.
     II Moderately, passably: q. v.

SO THEN: ataḥ: v. Then, therefore.

SOAK:
     1 majjayati ni- (c. of masj = sink): majjayitvā sitāpake, Bha.;
     2 sthāpayati (c. of sthā= to put), māṣāṇāṃ dālayastoye sthāpitāstyaktakañcukāḥ, Bha. S. through: v. To drench, wet.

SOAP:
     I Subs.: *sāvanam.
     II Verb. sāvanena mārṣṭi or mārjayati pari- saṃ- pra-, (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).

SOAPY:
     I Soft: q. v.: snigdha (f. gdhā).
     II Sneaking: q. v.

SOAR (v.): ut-patati (pat, c. 1.): v. To fly up, rise.

SOB (v.): phū(phu)tkaroti, I spoke s. bing: phutkṛtya tamavadam, K. ii.

SOB,-BING (subs.):
     1 phutkāraḥ;
     2 phūtkṛtam;
     3 gadgadaḥ.

SOBBINGLY:
     1 phū(phu)tkṛtya;
     2 gadgadagirā and sim. comp.s.

SOBER:
     I Not addicted to drinking: na pānaprasakta (f. ktā) and sim. comp.s.
     II Not drunk: na matta (f. ttā), kṣīva (f. )
     III Calm, quiet q. v.: śānta (f. ntā).
     IV Grave, sedate: q. v.: dhīra gambhīra (f. ).

SOBERLY:
     I Calmly, coolly: expr. by adj.: śānta (f. ntā).
     II Discreetly, gravely: vivicya.
     III Moderately: bhitam.

SOBERNESS, SOBRIETY:
     I Temperance: q. v.: saṃyamaḥ.
     II Calmness, gravity: q. v.: dhairyam.

SOBRIQUET: upanāman (n.): v. Also nickname.

SOCIABILITY, SOCIABLENESS:
     1 saṅgapriyatā (of men in general);
     2 madhurālāpitā (= affability);
     3 saṃsargārhatā (= fitness to be associated).

SOCIABLE:
     1 saṅgapriya (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (= fond of society);
     2 madhurālāpin (f. = affable: q. v.);
     3 saṃsargārha (f. rhā), and sim. comp.s. (= fit to be associated).

SOCIAL:
     I Pertaining to society:
     1 by comp.;
     2 sāmājika (f. ).
     II Sociable: q. v.

SOCIALIST: *samasaṃsargavādin (f. ), and sim. comp.s.

SOCIETY:
     I Association: q. v.: saṅgaḥ, fondness for s. of good men: satsaṃgapriyatā, Vi. ii. 22.
     II Social union:
     1 samājaḥ;
     2 samavāyaḥ,
     III For particular purpose:
     1 samājaḥ, s. of sages: ṛṣīṇāṃ samājaḥ, P. i.;
     2 samitiḥ, addressed the s.: samitiṃ babhāṣe, Bh. xii. 13.;
     3 sadas (n.), eloquence in s.: sadasi vākpaṭutā, H.;
     4 sabhā;
     5 samajyā;
     6 pariṣad or saṃsad (f);
     7 samit.

SOCK: *pādāvaraṇam, and sim. comp.s.

SOCKET: ādhāraḥ (=receptacle: q. v.).

SOD: śādvalam, covered with s. śādvala (f. ).

SODA: *kṣārakaḥ, s. -water: kṣārodam.

SODALITY: bandhutā: v. Fellowship, fraternity.

SODOMITE:
     1 puṃsi maithunakārin (m.);
     2 puruṣamehin (m.): etc.

SODOMY:
     1 puṃsi maithunam, M. xi. 68., or -gamanam, V. s.;
     2 puruṣamehaḥ. Y. ii. 298.;
     3 gudamaithunam, K. b.; and sim. comp.s.

SOFA: paryaṅkaḥ (a sort of s.): v. Seat(1).

SOFT:
     1 mṛdu (f. also dvī = mild, gentle: q. v.), s. like the accasia: śirīṣamṛdvī, Br. vi. 34.; s. by nature but still strong: mṛdu prakṛtyā ca sasārameva ca, Ku. v. 19.;
     2 komala (f. ), soft-feathered bed: haṃsatūlagarbhakomalaśayyā, D. ii.; s. style: komalā rītiḥ, Kav. ix.;
     3 mṛdula (f. = 1), s. flower: mṛdulaṃ puṣpam, M. n.;
     4 pelava (f. : rare), Ku. v. 4.;
     5 snigdha (= smooth, glossy: as of s. words);
     6 ślakṣṇa (f. kṣṇā) ; v. Smooth;
     7 madhura (f. ): v. Sweet;
     8 masṛṇa (f. ṇā = 5), s. steps: masṛṇacaraṇapātaḥ, Ma. n. iii. 18.; s. mouthed: masṛṇavāṇī, Gi. x. 7.

SOFT (adv.): v. Softly.

SOFTEN:
     1 ārdrīkaroti (= melt: q. v.), his heart being softened: ārdrīkṛtahṛdayaḥ, K.;
     2 expr. by adj. or nomi.

SOFTLY:
     1 mṛdu;
     2 komalam;
     3 mṛdulam;
     4 pelavam;
     5 snigdham;
     6 ślakṣṇam;
     7 madhuram;
     8 masṛṇam: v. Soft.

SOFTNESS:
     1 mṛdulatā or mārdavam, s. of Brāhmins: bāhmaṇyamārdavam, P.;
     2 komalatā;
     3 mṛdulatā;
     4 pelavatā;
     5 snigdhatā;
     6 ślakṣṇatā or madhuratā;
     7 mādhuryam;
     8 masṛṇam.

SOHO (interj.): haṃho: v. O.

SOIL (subs.):
     I Ground: bhūmiḥ or bhūḥ, good s.: utkṛṣṭabhūmiḥ, K. ii. p.; rich s.: sāravatī bhūḥ guṇavatī bhūmiḥ, Ka. ix. 18., iv. 50.; gravelly, stony, snaky s. is no s.: saśarkrarā sapāṣāṇā savyālā ceti bhūrabhūḥ, Ka. iv. 53.; s. whose irrigation does not depend on heaven: adevamātṛkā bhūḥ, Ka, iv. 52.; native s.: janmabhūmiḥ: v. Land, earth.
     II Dirt, stain, dung: q. v.: malam.

SOIL (v.):
     I To stain, pollute: q. v.:
     1 malinayati (nomi.), dust does not s. (it): na rajāṃsi malinayanti;
     2 kaluṣayati.
     II To manure: sāraṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: with loc.).

SOJOURN: avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.: v. To reside, stay).

SOJOURN, -ING (subs.):
     1 āsthānam;
     2 avasthitiḥ: v. Stay, residence.

SOJOURNER:
     1 avasthāyin (f. );
     2 āgantuka (f. = new comer).

SOLACE:
     I Subs.: sā(śā)ntvanam -nā: v. Consolation, comfort.
     II Verb: śā(sā)ntvayati upa- pari- [śā(sā)ntv, c. 10.: v. To console].

SOLAND or SOLAN-GOOSE: haṃsaviśeṣaḥ.

SOLAR:
     1 by comp., s. dynasty: sūryavaṃśaḥ; s. day: sūryāhaḥ, Gan.; s. rays: arkakiraṇāḥ, Vi.;
     2 saura (f. );
     3 sāvana (f. ).

SOLDER:
     I Verb: saṃdadhāti (dhā, c. 3.).
     II Subs.: sandhiḥ: v. Also cement.

SOLDIER:
     1 sainyaḥ (rare), march of s. s: sainyaniryāṇam, Mah.;
     2 sainikaḥ, with the cheers of the s. s: sainikaharṣaniḥsvanaiḥ, R. iii. 61.;
     3 yodhaḥ (= fighting man), surrounded by various s. s: vṛto bahuvidhairyodhaiḥ, Mah.;
     4 maṭaḥ (= warrior);
     5 camūcaraḥ and sim. comp.s (of a regiment: rare).

SOLDIER-LIKE, SOLDIERLY:
     I Like a soldier: expr. with sainikavat or sainika iva.
     II Brave, martial: q. v.: s. conduct: bhaṭatā or bhāṭyam, Vi. vi. 11.

SOLDIERY:
     1 senā, encampment of s.: senāniveśaḥ, R.;
     2 sainyam, armed s.: yuktaṃ sainyam, Mah. iv. 19. 32.;
     3 balam: v. Force, army.

SOLE (adj.);
     1 eka (f. ): v. Only;
     2 ekamātra (f. trā).

SOLE (subs.):
     I Of the foot: caraṇatalam and sim. comp.s.
     II Of shoe: pādukātalam (?).
     III A fish: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

SOLECISM:
     1 saṃskāracyutiḥ, and sim. comp.s;
     2 by adj.: cyutasaṃskāra (f. ) or cyutasaṃskṛti (mfn.), Kav.

SOLECIST: cyutasaṃskārapadaprayoktṛ (f. ktrī), and sim. comp.s.

SOLELY:
     1 by adj. eka eva (f. ekaiva, n. ekameva);
     2 ekamātram: v. Also alone.

SOLEMN:
     1 puṇya (f. ṇyā=holy, sacred: q. v.);
     2 gambhīra (f. = grave, serious: q. v.). Ph.: on s. accasions: yātrotsavādiṣu, D. ii.

SOLEMNITY:
     I Ceremony, rite: q. v.: kriyā.
     II Gravity: q. v.: gāmmīryam.
     III Sacredness: q. v.: pavitratā.
     IV Pomp: ḍambaraḥ ā-.

SOLEMNIZE:
     I To perform, celebrate: q. v.:
     1 anutiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.);
     2 sampādayati (c. of pad).
     II To dignify: q. v.

SOLEMENLY:
     I As ordained, formally:
     1 yathāvidhi;
     2 yathāśāstram;
     3 vidhivat.
     II Gravely, seriously: q. v.: dhīram.
     III With pomp: sāvambaram, s. accepted (her) hand: jagrāhavidhivatpāṇī, Mah. i. 70. 18.

SOLICIT:
     1 yācate (yāc, c. 1.): v. To beg:
     2 nāthati -te, (nāth, c. 1.: rare), who does not s. the lord: nāthanti ke nāma na lokanātham, N. iii. 25.

SOLICITATION:
     1 yācñā;
     2 prārthanā.

SOLICITOR:
     I Lit.:
     1 yācaka (f. cikā);
     2 arthin (f. ) pra- ami, although he expressed that he was a s.: arthitve prakaṭīkṛte'pi, Vi. ii. 9.;
     3 abhyarthin (f. );
     4 prārthayitṛ (f. trī);
     5 abhyarthayitṛ (f. trī);
     6 yācitṛ (f. trī);
     7 vanīyaka (f. yikā: rare).
     III In law: *samarthayitṛ (f. trī).

SOLICITOR-GENERAL: *vyavahārasacivaḥ.

SOLICITOUS: vyagra (f. grā): v. Anxious, eager.

SOLICITOUSLY: vyagram: v. Anxiously, eagerly.

SOLICITUDE: vyagratā: v. Anxiety, eagerness.

SOLID (adj.):
     I Lit.: sthūla (f. ), s. geometry: *sthūlajyāmitiḥ.
     II Substantial, valid: q. v.: sāravat (f. ).
     III Compact: q. v.: saṃhata (f. ).

SOLID (subs.):
     1 perh. sthūlam;
     2 sthūlapadārthaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SOLIDLY:
     1 dṛḍham: v. Firmly;
     2 gamīram: v. Deeply;
     3 samyak: v. Thoroughly.

SOLILOQUY (subs.), SOLILOQUIZE (v.): expr. with svagatam or ātmagatam (= to one's self), "aśrāvyaṃ khalu yadvastu tadiha svagataṃ matam", Sah. vi.: v. To say, saying.

SOLITARILY:
     1 by adj.: ekākin (f. );
     2 viviktam (= in seclusion).

SOLITARINESS:
     1 viviktatā: v. Seclusion;
     3 ekākitā (= state of being alone);
     3 rahas (= secrecy: q. v.).

SOLITARY:
     I Single, one: q. v.: eka (f. ).
     II Retired, lonely: q. v.:
     1 vivikta (f. ktā);
     2 nirjana (f. =unpopulated).
     III Living alone:
     1 ekākin (f. ), although they were s.: ekākino'pi, Si. ii. 4.; why do you lead a s. life in this lonely forest: kimekākinī vanamidamadhivasasi, K.

SOLITUDE:
     I Lonely place:
     1 viviktam;
     2 nirjanaṃ or viviktaṃ sthānam and sim. comp.s.
     II Loneliness:
     1 viviktatā;
     2 nirjanatā, etc.
     III Lonely life:
     1 ekākitā;
     2 by circumlo., you have adopted s.: aṅgīkṛtamaraṇyāvasthānam, K.

SOLO: dvipadī, K.

SOLSTICE:
     1 ayanāntaḥ, Su. xii. 51.;
     2 ayanasandhiḥ, com.;
     3 ayanam (ayane dakṣiṇottarāyaṇasandhau, com. Su. iii. 11.). The summer s.: karkaṭasaṃkrāntiḥ; the winter s.: makarasaṃkrāntiḥ, Su. xiv. 9.

SOLSTITIAL: expr. by comp. s. point: v. Solstice.

SOLUBILITY:
     1 drāvyatā;
     2 vilayanīyatā;
     3 gālanīyatā.

SOLUBLE:
     1 drāvya (f. vyā), vi- saṃ-;
     2 vilayanīya (f. );
     3 gālanīya (f. ).

SOLUTION:
     I Dissolution: drāvaṇam;
     2 vilayanam;
     3 gālanam.
     II
     1 kvāthaḥ (= decoction), s. of Vāsaka: vāsakaḥ kvāthaḥ, Shārangadhara;
     2 rasaḥ "gṛhītvā taṃ rasaṃ pūtaṃ gavyena payasā saha" C. s.
     III Explanation, exposition: q. v.: sādhanam.

SOLVE:
     1 sādhayati (c. of sidh), what is to be s. d: sādhyam, K. d.;
     2 vyākaroti: v. To expound;
     3 uttaraṃ vadati (vad, c. 1. = to reply). Ph.: to s. doubt: saṃśayaṃ chinatti (chid, c. 7.).

SOLVENCY:
     1 vittavattā;
     2 samṛddhatā: v. Riches.

SOLVENT:
     1 Able to pay claims:
     1 vittavat (f. = rich), if a surety is s.: pratibhūryadi vittavān, Mit.;
     2 samṛddha (f. ddhā = affluent).
     II Capable of dissolving: drāvaṇa (f. ṇā).

SOMBRE: malina (f. ): v. Dark, gloomy.

SOME:
     1 ko'pi (kāpi kimapi = certain), s. body informs s. one from s. place: kuto'pi ko'pi kamapi puraṣaviśeṣamavagamayati, Mu. v.; thinking s. thing or other: kimapi kimapi mantrayan, V. ii.;
     2 kaścit (kācit kiñcit = 1. also = few, short), wait s. time: kālaḥ kaścit pratīkṣyatām, K. ii. 34.; s. recited eulogistic hymns of the Rig Veda: kecidṛcaḥ stuticaturāḥ samudāharan, C. i.;
     3 kaścana (kācana kiñcana = 2.: rare);
     4 eke (pl.: in opposition to others, G. Par. 307. d.), of s. systems: ekeṣāṃ śākhinām, S.;
     5 katicit (pl. = few), it will take s. days: tatra katiciddināni gamiṣyanti, P. iii. 11.;
     6 katipayaḥ (yā yaṃ), after s. days: gateṣu katipayadineṣu, D.;
     7 kiyat (f. : rare), in s. points silent: kiyatsu maunam, N. ix. 15.;
     8 kiyānapi, etc., M. n.

SOMEHOW:
     1 kathamapi, s. or other it has fallen from this tree: kathamapi taruśikharādasmātparicyutaḥ, K.;
     2 kenāpi or kenacit prakāreṇa.

SOMERSAULT, SOMERSET: perh.: matsyodvartanam or ūrddha pādalaṅghanam, D. viii.

SOMETIME:
     I Formerly: q. v.: pūrvam.
     II At one time:
     1 ekadā;
     2 kadācit, Mah.

SOMETIMES:
     1 kadācit (rarely kadācana), s. at Ujyayinī. s. at Hemakūṭa: kadācidujjayinyāṃ kadāciddhemakūṭe, K.; do the faults of Chandragupta s. remind his subjects of......: api kadāciccandraguptadoṣāḥ smārayanti......prakṛtīḥ, Mu. i.;
     2 kvacit, s. poison acts as nectar: viṣamapyamṛtaṃ kvacidbhavet, R. viii. 46.

SOMEWHAT (subs.): expr. with kiñcit: v. Somewhat (adv.), little.

SOMEWHAT (adv.):
     1 kiñcit, s. ashamed: kiñcidupajātalajjaḥ, K.: v. Little;
     2 by doubling adj.s, s. afraid: bhītabhītaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xiv. 65.; s. alarmed: cakitacakitam, Me. i. 14.; s. transparent: acchāccha (f. cchā), K.;
     3 rarely by affixes, -jātīya (f. ), -kalpa (f. lpā), -deśya (f. śyā), -deśīya (f. ) to adj. s, s. clever: paṭujātīyaḥ (yā yaṃ).

SOMEWHERE:
     I In or to some place:
     1 kvāpi, s. else: anyatra kvāpi, Ra.;
     2 kutrāpi;
     3 kvacit -api;
     4 kutracit -api.
     II From s.: kutaścit or kuto'pi; from s. else: anyataḥ kutaścit.

SOMNAMBULISM: (?)
     1 nidrācāraḥ;
     2 svapnacāraḥ, and sim. comp.s.

SOMNAMBULIST:
     1 nidrācārin (f. ṇī);
     2 nidrācara (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

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SOMNOLENCE, SOMNOLENCY: nidrālutā: v. Drowsiness.

SOMNOLENT: nidrālu (mfn.): v. Sleepy.

SON:
     I Lit.:
     1 putraḥ, which those who have s. s get: putriṇo yāṃ vrajanti vai, Mah. i. 12. 24.; by my eldest s. Yadu: mamajyeṣṭhena yadunā, Mah. i. 83. 24.;
     2 sutaḥ;
     3 sūnuḥ;
     4 tanayaḥ;
     5 nandanaḥ;
     6 ātmajaḥ and sim. comp.s.: 'bhāskarasyātmasambhavaḥ" Mah.;
     7 santatiḥ (=offspring), we have one s.: asmākaṃ santatistvekaḥ, Mah. i. 12. 18.;
     8 prajā (=7), child, your s. s will not inherit the kingdom: tasmādarājyamāk tāta prajā tava bhaviṣyati, Mah. i. 82. 9.;
     9 by deriv., s. of Daśaratha: dāśarathiḥ; s. s of Kuru: kauravāḥ. Ph.: s. of men: manuṣyajanman (m.), Si. i. 35.
     II A native: q. v.: expr. by deriv.

SON-IN-LAW: jāmātṛ (m.), "jāmāturāśramam", U. i. 3.

SONG:
     1 gītam, at the end of the song: gītānte, Mal. ii.; fond of s. s: priyagīta (f. ), K.; s. s of Govinda: gītagovindam, Gi.; intent to hear their s. s: tadgītaśravaṇaikāgrā, K. xv. 66.; by the auspicious s. s of bees: bhṛṅgāvalīmaṅgalagītanādaiḥ, P. h.;
     2 gītiḥ, by auspicious eulogistic s. s: stutigītimaṅgalaiḥ, Ki. i. 38.; gītyā devaṃ virūpākṣamupavīṇayanti, K.;
     3 gānam, dry s.: śuṣkaṃ gānam, Sah. vi.; consisting of s.; gānātmaka (f. tmikā), Say.;
     4 rutam (= cry: q. v.)

SONGSTER, SONGSTRESS:
     1 gāyaka (f. yikā);
     2 gāyana (f. ).

SONLESS: aputra (f. trā) and sim. comp. s: v. Childless.

SONNET:
     1 gītikā;
     2 gāthā: v. Song.

SONOROUS:
     I Lit.; virāvin (f. ṇī);
     2 śabdana (f. ).
     II Melodious, sweet: q. v.: madhura (f. ).
     III Clear: q. v.: spaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

SONOROUSLY:
     1 madhuram: v. Sweetly;
     2 spaṣṭam: v. Clearly;
     3 uccaiḥ: v. Loudly.

SONSHIP:
     1 putratvam;
     2 putrāvasthā (the state); and sim. comp. s.

SOON:
     I Without delay, early: acireṇa or acirāt, they will be s. separated from us: pṛthagasmādacireṇa bhāvitā taiḥ, Si. ii. 116.; it will very s. bear fruit also: ayamacirādeva phalonmukho'pi mavitā, Vi. vi.
     II Quickly, speedily:
     1 āśu, as s. the king ordered: yāvadādiśati pārthivaḥ......tāvadāśu, R. xi. 3.;
     2 śīghram;
     3 kṣipram;
     4 tūrṇam; s. covered the ground: tūrṇaṃ pyadhurvasumatīm, Si. v. 4.;
     5 drutam, B.;
     6 tvaritam or satvaram (=hastily). Ph.: (a) as s. as: q. v.: (b) as s. (= willingly, readily) kāmam: v. Rather.

SOONER:
     I Rather: q. v.: varam.
     II Earlier: ph.: s. or latter: adya śvo vā.
     III More easily: expr. by circumlo., it is s. said than done: vaktumidaṃ sukaraṃ na tu kartum.

SOOT:
     1 kajjalam (?);
     2 kiṭṭam (?).

SOOTH: in s.: satyam: v. Truly, indeed.

SOOTHE:
     1 prasādayati (c. of sad: v. To console);
     2 śamayati (c. of śam: v. To alleviate, mitigate): v. Also to satisfy, caress.

SOOTHING (adj.):
     I Of medicines: śamana (f. ), pra-, s. the pangs of spleen: plīhārtiśamanī, Bha.;
     2 śāntikara (f. );
     3 śāntiprada (f. ).
     II Sweet: madhura (f. ).

SOOTHINGLY:
     1 madhuram: v. Sweetly;
     2 by comp.

SOOTHSAYER: daivajñaḥ: v. Fortune-teller.

SOOTHSAYING: kṣubhāśubhakathanam: v. Also prophecy.

SOOTY:
     I Lit. kajjavalamaya (f. yīḥ (?).
     II Like soot: dhūmaśayāma (f. ) and sim. comp.s., C. v.

SOP:
     I Lit.: perh. piṇḍaḥ.
     II Fig.: āmiṣam: v. Food, meat.

SOPHISM, SOPHISTRY:
     1 hetvābhāsaḥ;
     2 yuttayābhāsaḥ, thus many rely on arguments of s. s: evaṃ bahavo yuktivākyatadābhāsasamāśrayāḥ, S.

SOPHIST: hetvābhāsavādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SOPHISTIC, SOPHISTICAL: by comp.s; s. argument: v. Sophism.

SOPHISTICATED: v. Adulterated, false.

SOPORIFEROUS, SOPORIFIC:
     1 svāpana (f. );
     2 nidrājanana (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

SORCERER, SORCERESS:
     1 aindrajālika (f. ): v. Magician;
     2 māyākara (f. ).

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SORCERY:
     1 aindrajālam: v. Magic;
     2 māyā.

SORDID:
     1 kṛpaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Mean, niggardly;
     2 kutsita (f. ): v. Filthy.

SORDIDNESS:
     1 kārpaṇyam: v. Meanness; kutsitatā: v. Filthiness.

SORE (subs.):
     1 kṣatam, when the mind is deeply s. d: gāḍhaṃ kṣate manasi, Sr.: v. Injury, abscess, hole.

SORE (adj.):
     1 saruja (f. =giving pain);
     2 kaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā= distressing);
     3 ugra (f. grā =violent: q. v.): v. Painful.

SORE, SORELY: bhṛśam: v. Violently, exceedingly.

SORENESS:
     I Painfulness: q. v.: sarujatā.
     II Intensity, violence: q. v.: tīvratā.

SORITES: nigamanam (?), N. d.

SORREL:
     1 cukrā (the Indian s.);
     2 cukraḥ, Wilson.

SORROW (subs.):
     1 śokaḥ, he who is affected by s. is called a coward: yaṃ śokaḥ samabhimavati taṃ kāpuruṣamācakṣate, C. vi.;
     2 śuc, should not give way to s.: śuco vaśaṃ gantuṃ nārhasi, K. viii. 90.;
     3 santāpaḥ (distress), although knowing the cause of your s.: tava vidvānapi tāpakāraṇam, K. viii. 76.;
     4 manyuḥ (ambiguous), the speed of s. was slackened: śithilībhūto manyuvegaḥ, C. vii.

SORROW (v.): śocati (śuc, c. 1.): v. To grieve, lament.

SORROWFUL:
     I Full of sorrow:
     1 śokārta (f. rtā);
     2 saśoka (f. );
     3 śokānvita (f. );
     4 śokopahata (f. );
     4 śokopasṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), and sim. comp.s: v. Also sad.
     II Wretched, lamentable: q. v.: śocya (f. cyā) or śocanīya (f. ), pari- anu- saṃ-.

SORROWFULLY:
     1 saśokam;
     2 by adj.

SORRY:
     I Grieved, sad:
     1 duḥkhita (f. ), one who is s. sheds tears: duḥkhitasyāśrupātaḥ, Ve. iii.; it makes me s.: ado duḥkhākaroti mām, Si. ii. 12.;
     2 santapta anu- (f. ptā). To be s.: v. To repent. To make s.: v. To grieve.
     II Poor, wretched;
     1 kṣudra (f. drā);
     2 ku- in comp.: v. Bad.

SORT:
     I Subs.: prakāraḥ: v. Kind, manner. Ph.: out of s. s: fig.: asustha (f. sthā): v. Unwell.
     II Trans.: vinyasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To arrange.
     III Intrans.: yujyate (pass. of yuj): v. To suit.

SORTER: vinyastṛ (f. strī): v. Arranger.

SORTIE: perh.: avaskandaḥ, to make a s.: avaskandati (skand, c. 1.), Mal. v.

SOT, SOTTISH:
     I Drunkard; q. v.: pānamūḍha (f. ḍhā).
     II Foolish: q. v.: mūḍha (f. ḍhā).

SOTTISHLY: expr. by adj.

SOTTISHNESS:
     I Drunkenness: pānaprasaktiḥ.
     II Foolishness: mūḍhatā.

SOUL:
     I The spiritual part:
     1 ātman (m.), with (their) whole s.: sarvātmanaiva, N. xi. 2.; you are my s., heart, my life: tvamātmā me manaḥ prāṇāḥ, B. v.; individual s.: pratyagātmā; animating s.: jīvātmā; rational s.: cidātmā; pure (universal) s.: paramātmā;
     2 jīvaḥ (animating s.); s. the chief minister of life: jīvo mukhayaprāṇasacivaḥ, S.
     II Heart, mind: q. v.: hṛdayam.
     III A person: q. v.: not expr., not a single s. returned: naiko'pi nivavṛte; good s.s: bhadramukhāḥ; poor s.: mandamatiḥ; etc.
     IV Fig., leader, inspirer:
     1 jīvanam (=life: q. v.);
     2 balam (= force: q. v.).
     V Essence, chief part: q. v.: sāraḥ.
     VI After death:
     1 jīvaḥ;
     2 pretaḥ (= dead, departed s.);
     3 Sometimes not expr., "yāgādyanuṣṭhāyināmevottareṇa pathā gamanam", S.

SOUND (subs.):
     I Noise: q. v.:
     1 śabdaḥ, the attribute of s. is applied to object emitting s. s: śabdiṣu śabdadharmaścaryate, M.n. on Si. v. 58.;
     2 dhvaniḥ, by the s. of drums: paṭahadhvanibhiḥ, R. ix. 71.;
     3 nādaḥ, heart and ear rending s. s: hṛdayaśrotrabhinnādaḥ, Si.;
     4 svanaḥ niḥ-, emitted s.: svanamatunata, Si. vi. 67.;
     5 hnādaḥ nir-, s. of kettle-drums: dundubhīnāṃ hnādaḥ, Ki. viii. 16.
     II Note: q. v. svaraḥ.
     III Narrow-sea: *sandhisāgaraḥ.
     IV A fish: sindhuḥ.
     V A probe: perh. eṣaṇī.

SOUND (v. i.):
     1 dhvanati pra- (dhvan, c. 1.), s. ed making the quarters re-s.: dadhvāna dhvanayannāśāḥ, Mah.; drums s. ed being beaten: paṇavā dadhvanurhatāḥ, Bh. xiv. 3.;
     2 nadati ni- pra- abhi- vi-, (nad, c. 1.), musical instruments s. ing: nadatsu tūryeṣu, R. vii. 38.;
     3 śabdaṃ karoti, etc., s. ing like clouds: ambudanādin (f. ), Ki.: v. Also Roar, tinkle, murmur, cry.

SOUND (v. t.):
     I Lit.: expr. by causal: s. ing the bow: cāpaṃ pradhvanaṭya, Ki. xvii. 10.
     II To test, examine: q. v.: parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).
     III To celebrate, promulgate: q. v.: ghoṣayati (c. of ghuṣa).

SOUND (adj.):
     I In good condition: sustha (f. sthā).
     II Good, pure: q. v.: sāravat (f. ).
     III Severe: q. v.: guru (f. also rvī).
     IV Deep, profound: q. v.: gabhīra (f. ).

SOUNDLY:
     1 samyak: v. Thoroughly;
     2 gāḍham: v. Chiefly, profoundly;
     3 bhṛśam: v. Severely.

SOUNDNESS:
     I Healthiness: q. v.: susthatā.
     II Goodness, purity: q. v.: sāravattā.
     III Profundity: q. v.: gabhīratā.
     IV Rectitude, orthodoxy: q. v.

SOUP: jūṣaḥ, Bha.: v. Broth.

SOUR (adj.):
     I Acid: unripe mango is s. but tasty: āmramāmamamlaṃ svādu, Bha.; somewhat s. and sweet: īṣadamlañca madhuram, Bha.
     III Fig., harsh, bitter: q. v.: karkaśa (f. śā).

SOUR (v.):
     I Lit.: amlīkaroti.
     II Fig.: rukṣīkaroti.

SOURCE:
     1 prabhavaḥ (from which anything proceeds) and by verb: prabhavati, taking s. in the (mount) Mahendra: mahendrapramavāḥ, V. p. ii. 3. 13.: the s. of treasure and force: prabhavaḥ khalu koṣadaṇḍayoḥ, Ki. ii.; its foot is the s. of the lake called Hill-water: tasya pādātprabhavati śailodaṃ nāma tatsaraḥ, Mat.;
     2 yoniḥ (=origin), the s. of all, you are self-born: sarvayonistvamātmabhūḥ, R. x. 20.;
     3 mūlam (=root);
     4 kāraṇam (= cause);
     5 prasūtiḥ (= parent);
     6 ādiḥ (= beginning);
     7 mukham (=mouth: of persons in supplying information).

SOURISH: īṣadamla (f. mlā): v. Sour.

SOURNESS:
     I Lit.: amlatā.
     II Harshness: q. v.: rūkṣatā.

SOUSE:
     I Plunge: q. v.: majjayati (c. of masj).
     II To steep: q. v.
     III To pounce upon: avapatati (pat, c. 1.).

SOUTH (subs.):
     1 dakṣiṇā dik dakṣiṇāśā, and sim. comp., these forests face the s.: etānyaraṇyāni dakṣiṇāṃ diśamamivartante, Vi. v.; to the s. of the garden: dakṣiṇena vṛkṣavāṭikām, Sa. i.; to or on the s.: dakṣiṇataḥ, Mah.;
     2 avācī (rare);
     3 poet. yāmyā, V. m.; triśaṅkutilakā dik, K, agastyācaritāśā, R. iv. 44. and sim. expr. s.

SOUTH, SOUTHERN (adj.): dakṣiṇa (f. ṇā), s. wind: dakṣiṇo vāyuḥ, V. m. 27. 3., (gen. malayānilaḥ malayavātaḥ, etc. from the Malaya); s. ocean: dakṣiṇaḥ samudraḥ, Ram. v. 1. 2.; s. country (the Deccan): dakṣiṇāpathaḥ, Mah. ii. 31. 17.; s. people armed with swords: dākṣiṇātyāsipāṇayaḥ, Mah. xii. 101. 5.;
     2 avācya (f. cyā) or avāc (f. : rare), s. alley: avācīṃ vīthim, D. iii.

SOUTHERLY: v. South, southern, southwards.

SOUTH-EAST:
     1 dakṣiṇapūrvā or pūrvadakṣiṇā dik and sim. comp.s;
     2 āgneyī dik or āgne yo digmāgaḥ and sim. comp.s;
     3 prāgavācī.

SOUTH-EAST, SOUTH-EASTERLY, SOUTH-EASTERN (adj.):
     1 dakṣiṇapūrva (f. rvā) etc.;
     2 āgne ya (f. : poet.), s. wind: āgne yo vāyuḥ, V. m. 27. 2.

SOUTHWARD, -s: expr. by adj.: dakṣiṇābhimukha (f. khī), Mah. ii. 31. 8.

SOUTH-WEST, SOUTH-WESTERN (adj.):
     1 dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ (mā maṃ), s. wind: vāto dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ, Mah.;
     2 nairṛ taḥ (tī taṃ), s. wind: nairṛ to vāyuḥ, V. m. 27. 4.

SOUTHERNWOOD: a plant: damanaḥ -kaḥ.

SOUVENIR (subs.):
     1 prītidāyaḥ (of love), Ram.;
     2 smṛtidāyaḥ (?).

SOVEREIGN: a coin: svarṇamudrā suvarṇaḥ.

SOVEREIGN (subs.):
     1 adhirāja (f. jñī), s. of animals: mṛgādhirājaḥ, R. ii. 41.; īśvara (f. ), parama- mahā-, s. of Vidishā: vidiśeśvaraḥ, Mal.: v. Also king, lord.

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SOVEREIGN (adj.):
     1 parama (f. ): v. Supreme;
     2 mukhya (f. khyā): v. Chief.

SOVEREIGNTY: prabhutvam (= authority, power: q. v.), s. of the world: jagataḥ prabhutvam, R. ii. 47.;
     2 rājyam (=kingdom), exercise the s. of the whole earth: sakalabhuvanarājyaṃ kāraya, Bh. ii. 56.; to obtain the fortune of s.: sāmnājyaśriyamadhigacchati, Si. xiv. 88.;
     3 īśvaratvam (rare), s. from birth: garmeśvaratvam, K.

SOW (subs.):
     1 śūkarī;
     2 varāhī;
     3 kolī (rare).

SOW-BREAD: a plant: śūkara- or varāhamodā.

SOW (v.): vapati pra- pari-, (vap, c. 1.), who s. seed in other's land: ye parakṣetre bījaṃ vapanti, K. ii.; as one s. s, so one reaps: yo yadvapati bījaṃ hi so'pi tallabhate phalam, K. s. xvi. 148. Ph.: to s. dissensions: bhedaṃ janayati.

SOWER:
     1 vaptṛ (f. ptrī), the s. does not get the produce: na vaptā labhate phalam, M. ix. 54.;
     2 vāpin (f. ), s. s in other's fields: parakṣetrapravāpiṇaḥ, M. ix. 49.;
     3 vāpaka (f. pikā).

SOWING (subs.):
     1 vapanam, K. b.;
     2 uptiḥ;
     3 vāpaḥ, Viv.

SPACE:
     1 ākāśam, s. is distinguished by egress and ingress: niṣkrāmaṇaṃ praveśanamityākāśasya liṅgam, V. ii. 1. 20.: v. Sky;
     2 diś (f=relative s.): v. Quarter.
     II Interval: q. v.: antaram.
     III Room:
     1 avakāśaḥ, to give s.: avakāśaṃ dadāti, R.;
     2 sthānam: v. Place.
     IV Of time: not expr., what s. of time: kiyatkālam.

SPACIOUS:
     1 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Extensive;
     2 viśāla (f. ): v. Large.

SPACIOUSNESS:
     1 vistīrṇatā;
     2 viśālatā;
     3 vipulatā;
     4 pṛthutā.

SPADE:
     1 khanitram;
     2 avadāraṇam (rare).

SPAN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kiṣkuḥ (also= cubit);
     2 vitastiḥ;
     3 ardhahastaḥ.
     II Fig., short space: 'the brief s. of life': taralaṃ jīvanam, J. and sim. comp.s.

SPAN (v.): mimīte pra- pari-, (, c. 3.): v. To measure.

SPANGLE:
     I Subs.: rajatapatram.
     II Verb: v. To adorn, studded.

SPANIEL: ākheṭikakukkuraviśeṣaḥ.

SPANISH: hispānīya (f. ).

SPANK: v. Slap, to slap.

SPAR (subs.):
     I Crystallized earth: *sphaṭikamṛttikā; upadhātuḥ (?).
     II A long beam:
     1 dīrdhakāṣṭham;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ (= pole).

SPAR (v.):
     I Lit.: v. To box.
     II To quarrel: q. v.: vivadate (vad, c. 1.).

SPARE (v.):
     I Not to throw away:
     1 na kṣipati vi- vini- pra- (kṣip, c. 1.);
     2 saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.): v. To save;
     3 rakṣati saṃ-, (rakṣ, c. 1. = to keep), shall s. money for calamities: āpadarthe dhanaṃ rakṣet, H.
     II To grant, give: q. v.: dadāti (, c. 3.). Ph.: s. him: mucyatām, Mr. x.: v. To release.
     III To give up: jahāti vi-, (, c. 3.: v. To abandon).
     IV To omit, forbear: q. v.

SPARE (adj.):
     I Superfluous:
     1 udvṛtta (f. ttā); avyāpṛta (f. = unemployed).
     II Scanty, little: q. v.: alpa (f. lpā).
     III Lean, slender: q. v.: kṛśa (f. śā).

SPARENESS: kṛśatā: v. Leanness, slenderness.

SPARINGLY:
     1 mitam: v. Moderately;
     2 alpam: Little.

SPARINGNESS: mitavyayitā -tvam pari-.

SPARK:
     I Of fire:
     1 sphuliṅgaḥ vi-, whose s. s were scattered on all sides: viṣvakvistṛtasphuliṅgaḥ, Ki. xvi. 51.;
     2 kaṇaḥ (= particle), s. -red: kaṇāruṇa-, Si. v. 55.
     II A small particle: kaṇaḥ (= drop).

SPARKLE: sphurati vi- (sphur, c. 1.: v. To glitter).

SPARRING (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 mauṣṭā, S. k.;
     2 muṣṭiyuddham.
     II Debate, controversy: q. v.

SPARROW:
     1 caṭakaḥ, hen s.: caṭakā; s. couple: caṭakau; a young s.: caṭakakaḥ;
     2 kalaviṅkaḥ.

SPARSE: viralaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Thin, scattered.

SPARSENESS: viralatā: v. Thinness. fewness.

SPASM:
     I In general: saṃkocaḥ (= contraction).
     II The disease; śirāsaṃkocaḥ, Bha.; śūlam (= cholic), hṛcchūlaṃ pārśva yoścāpi, Bha.

SPASMODIC: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

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SPATTER: avasiñcati (sic, c. 1.): v. To bespatter.

SPATTER DASHES: *paṅkāvaraṇam and sim. comp.s.

SPATULA: lepanī pra-. vi- (?).

SPAVIN: perh. sandhiśothaḥ.

SPAWN:
     I Subs.:
     1 mīnāṇḍam and sim. comp.s (of fish);
     2 bhekāṇḍam (of frogs).
     II Verb: aṇḍāni muñcati, (muc, c. 6.), mokṣayati (mokṣ, c. 10.), etc.

SPAY:
     I Verb: v. To castrate.
     II Subs.: trihāyaṇo hariṇaḥ.

SPEAK:
     1 vakti pra-, (vac, c. 2.), I spoke to the sun of this immutable doctrine: imaṃ vivasvate yogaṃ proktavānahamavyayam, G. iv. 1.: v. To say;
     2 bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.), for good men s. of their usefulness by results and not by words: bravate hi phalena sādhavo na tu kaṇṭhena nijopayogitām, N. ii. 48.; Manu spoke to Ikshvāku: manurikṣākave'bravīt, G. iv. 1.;
     3 kathayati (kath, c. 10.) =to tell), this s. s of the king's excellences that: anena kathitā rājño guṇā yat..., R. x. 53.; which he was s. ing thus: iti kathayati tatra, Ki. iii. 37.;
     4 vadati (vad, c. 1. = s. to), given way to rage, he spoke as follows in very bitter and plain language: vācamavadaditi roṣavaśādatimātraniṣṭhurasphuṭatarākṣarāmasau, Si. xv. 13.;
     5 gadati ni- (gad, c. 1. =4.), the lion spoke to him in human tongue: taṃ manuṣyavācā nijagāda siṃhaḥ, R. ii. 33.; the general spoke to them: senānyā te jagadire, Ki. xv. 7.;
     6 bhāṣate (bhāṣ, c. 1. = to say, utter), as if spoke the same thing again: tamevārthamabhāṣateva, R. ii. 51.;
     7 vācam or giram or gām udīrayati udagirati visṛjati, etc. (=make a speech). Ph.: (a) s. out plainly: bhinnārthamabhidhīyatām, Sa. vi.; (b) formerly they also could s. like men: eteṣāmapi purā puruṣāṇāmiva vāgāsīt, K.

SPEAK ILL OF:
     1 apabhāṣate, who s. s ill of great (men): yo mahato'pabhāṣate, Ku. v. 83.;
     2 apavadati -te "dhanakāmo nyāyamapavadate", Vāmana.

SPEAK WELL OF: praśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.): v. To praise.

SPEAK WITH, SPEAK TOGETHER:
     1 saṃvadati, the foe of Bala spoke with Nārada: nāradaṃ balaripuḥ samavādīt, N. v. 12.;
     2 saṃbhāṣate, M. n.;
     3 saṃkathayati.

SPEAKER:
     1 vaktṛ (f. ktrī), indifferent to particular s. s: vaktṛviśeṣaniḥspṛhāḥ, Ki. ii. 5.;
     2 vāgmin (f. =orator).

SPEAKING (subs.):
     1 bhāṣitam: v. To speak;
     2 vāc (f.): v. Speech.

SPEAR:
     I Subs.: śūla (mn.): v. Also lance.
     II Verb: śūlena vidhyati: v. To pierce.

SPEARMAN:
     1 śūlin (f. );
     2 śūladhara (f. );
     3 śūladhārin (f. ṇī).

SPECIAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp.;
     2 jātīya (f. ) and sim. deriv. s.
     II Opposed to common:
     1 viśeṣa in comp., by s. injunctions: viśeṣaśāstrai:, M. n. on Ku. v. 27.;
     2 vaiśeṣika (f. : rare), s. attribute: vaiśeṣiko guṇaḥ, Par.;
     3 viśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), s. jury: viśiṣṭasabhyāḥ (?).

SPECIALTY, SPECIALITY:
     1 viśeṣadharmaḥ and sim. comp.s; vaiśeṣikatā vaiśeṣikatvam (rare).

SPECIALLY:
     I Lit.: jātyanusāreṇa and sim. comp.s.
     II Particularly:
     1 viśeṣeṇa;
     2 viśeṣataḥ;
     3 viśiṣṭam;
     4 viśiṣya, s. to those who say the praises of Bhaimī: viśiṣya bhaimīṃ guṇakīrtanakṛtām, N. xv. i.

SPECIE: mudrā: v. Coin.

SPECIES:
     1 jātiḥ, of the same s.: sajātīya or ekajātīya (f. ), Sr.; whatever is best in a s. is called (its) gem: jātau jātau yadutkṛṣṭaṃ tadratnaṃ kathyate badhaiḥ, M. n.
     II prakāraḥ: v. Kind.

SPECIFIC: viśeṣa- in comp., s. (remedy): viśeṣamauṣadham or mahauṣadham (when sense clear).

SPECIFICALLY:
     1 saviśeṣam;
     2 minnārtham (= explicitly).

SPECIFY:
     1 udāharati (hṛ, c. 1.);
     2 saviśeṣam ullikhati (likha, c. 6.): v. To mention.

SPECIMEN:
     1 nidarśanam;
     2 ādarśaḥ (=model).

SPECIOUS: v. Plausible, showy; s. ly: v. Plausibly.

SPECIOUSNESS: satyābhāsaḥ: v. Plausibility.

SPECK: binduḥ: v. Spot.

SPECKLE: bindubhiścitrayati: v. To spot.

SPECTACLE:
     I Show:
     1 dṛśyam;
     2 kautukam (= curiosity).
     II In pl., for the eye: upanetram (?).

SPECTATOR:
     1 prekṣaka (f. kṣikā), uttered by s.s: prekṣakeritāḥ, Mah. i. 133. 13.;
     2 prekṣakajanaḥ or -lokaḥ;
     3 draṣṭṭa (f. ṣṭrī);
     4 darśaka (f. śikā), pari-.

SPECTRAL: by comp.: v. Also ghastly.

SPECTRE:
     1 bhūta (mn.): v. Ghost;
     2 chāyā: v. Shade.

SPECTRUM: solar s.: *sauradarśanam.

SPECULATE:
     I To consider, meditate: q. v.: vicārayati (c. of car).
     II To guess: q. v.: vikalpayati (c. of kḷp).
     III In commerce. perh. kapālaṃ sevate.

SPECULATION:
     I Meditation, consideration: q. v.: vicāraḥ.
     II In commerce: *kapālasevā.
     III Guess: q. v.: vikalpaḥ.

SPECULATIVE: vicārasevin (f. ). Ph.: s. philosophy: darśanaśāstram.

SPECULATOR:
     I Philosophical: mīmāṃsaka (f. sikā).
     II Commercial: *kapālasevaka (f. vikā) or -sevin (f. ).

SPEECH:
     I The faculty:
     1 vāc (f.);
     2 vākśaktiḥ.
     II Language: q. v.: vāc.
     III Utterance, address:
     1 vāc (f.) or vacas (n.);
     2 gir (f.);
     3 vāṇī;
     4 sarasvatī;
     5 bhāratī: v. Also saying.

SPEECHLESS: mūkaḥ (kā kaṃ): v. Silent, dumb.

SPEED:
     1 vegaḥ, motion at full s.: pūrṇavegā gatiḥ, M. n.;
     2 javaḥ, by the s. of the current: srotojavena, Mah.;
     3 raṃhas (n.), s. of wind: mārutasya raṃhaḥ, R. ii. 34.;
     4 tvarā: v. Haste;
     5 śīghratā: v. Quickness. Ph.: may you have god s. on your way: tava vartmani vartatāṃ śivam, N.

SPEED (v.): śivaṃ or kṣemaṃ or maṅgalaṃ karoti (with gen.).

SPEEDILY:
     1 āśu;
     2 tūrṇam: v. Quickly.

SPEEDY:
     1 by adv., and may your meeting be s.: punarastu tvaritaṃ samāgamaḥ, N. ii. 62.;
     2 śīghra (f. ghrā = quick);
     3 javana (f. = swift).

SPELL (subs.):
     I Sub.:
     1 mantraḥ;
     2 tantram.
     II Verb: varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.: comp. Bengali Bānana).

SPELLING (subs.): v. To spell. Ph.: vocabulary of words having two s. s. (forms): dvirūpakoṣaḥ; s.-book: *varṇaśikṣā (comp. varṇaparicaya of Vidyāsāgara).

SPELT: a kind of corn: nīvāraḥ (??).

SPEND:
     I To expend:
     1 vyayati -te (vyay, c. 1.), s. ing at pleasure: vyayamānaḥ svavāñchayā, H. ii. 95.;
     2 ut-sṛjati vi- samut (sṛj, c. 6.), s. ing money: dhanotsargaṃ karoti, Ram.;
     3 tyajati pari- saṃ-, (tyaj, c. 1.), receives much, s. s little: tanutyāgo bahugrahaḥ, H. ii. 91.
     II To pass: q. v.: kṣapayati (c. of kṣap).

SPENDTHRIFT:
     1 ativyaya (f. ), H.;
     2 ativyayin (f. );
     3 tyāgaśālin (f. ); and sim. comp.s.

SPEW: vamati (vam, c. 1.): v. To vomit.

SPHERE:
     I A globe: golaḥ, celestial s.: khagolaḥ, Go.; lunar s.: candrādhiṣṭhānagolaḥ, Su. com.
     II Province, department: expr. by karma (=work) or kṣetram (= field).

SPHERICAL:
     1 golākāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 by golaḥ.

SPHERICS:
     1 golaḥ, an astronomer not knowing s.: golānabhijño gaṇakaḥ, Go. 3.;
     2 golagranthaḥ or golaprabandhaḥ (= a work on s.), Go. (golādhyāya is the part on S. in S. s).

SPHEROID: *upagolaḥ (aṇḍam = egg may prop. be used for prolate s. s).

SPHINX: *narasiṃhī.

SPICE (subs.): gandhadravyam, s. s: karpūrādivargaḥ, Bha.; the three s. s: trisugandhi or trijātakam, Bha; the four s. s: caturjātakam, Bha.

SPICE (v.): vāsayati adhi- (vās. c. 10.), well s. d with cloves and camphor: lavaṅgendusuvāsita (f. ), Bha.

SPICY:
     1 sugandhi (mfn. = fragrant);
     2 vāsita (f. = spiced).

SPIDER:
     1 ūrṇanābhaḥ;
     2 markaṭaḥ;
     3 lūtā, s's web: lūtājālam;
     4 tantunābhaḥ, the s. also spins its web itself: tantunābhaśca svata eva tantūn sṛjati, S. ii. 1. 25.

SPIKE (subs.):
     I Of flowers:
     1 mañjarī;
     2 vallarī.
     II Of grain:
     1 kaṇiśam;
     2 śīrṣam (=head).
     III A large nail: mahākīlaḥ (?).

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SPIKE (v.): kīlayati (nomi:??).

SPIKENARD:
     1 jaṭāmāṃsī;
     2 miśiḥ(śī);
     3 naladā.

SPIKY:
     1 tīkṣṇāgra (f. grā = sharp-pointed);
     2 kīlacita (f. = furnished with spikes).

SPILL:
     I Subs.: śalākā.
     II Trans.: perh. kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6. = throw) or pātayati (c. of pat = fall).
     III Intrans.: patati (pat, c. 1.).

SPIN (v. t.):
     I Lit.: kṛntati (kṛt, c. 7.), spindle is the instrument for s. ning: tarkuḥ kartanasādhane, H. c. iii. 575.
     II To revolve: q. v.: pari- vartayati (c. of vṛt).
     III Intrans.: ghūrṇate (ghūrṇ, c. 1.): v. To revolve.

SPINACH: śākaprabhedaḥ.

SPINAL: Ph.: s. column: pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ: v. Spin.

SPINDLE:
     1 tarkuḥ;
     2 tarkuṭī;
     3 meruyantram (rare).

SPINDLE-SHANKS: kṣāmajaṅgha (f. ṅghā) and sim. comp. s.: pṛśni (ṣṇi mfn.), A.

SPINE:
     I Of the body:
     1 pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ;
     2 kaśeru (mn.).
     II A thorn: kaṇṭakaḥ.

SPINNER:
     1 kartaka (f. rtikā);
     2 tantuvāya (f. = weaver).

SPINNING-WHEEL: perh. kartanacakram.

SPINSTER:
     I Lit.: sūtrakartikā.
     II An unmarried woman: anuḍhā and sim. comp. s.

SPIRACLE: randhram: v. Pore.

SPIRAL: āvartin (f. ; (?), vi-, s. wheel: āvarticakram (?).

SPIRE:
     I A coil: āvartaḥ -nam vi-.
     II Of a church:
     1 śikharam;
     2 śṛṅgam;
     3 śekharaḥ (m.).

SPIRIT:
     I Breath, life: q. v.: prāṇaḥ.
     II Animating principle: prāṇaḥ, s. alone is deathless: prāṇa evaiko mṛtyunā'nāptaḥ, S.: v. Soul. Ph.: the supreme s.: brahman (n.) or paraṃ brahma, Vi.
     III Mind: q. v.: manas (n.), loftiness of s.: manasaḥ samunnatiḥ, Ku. vi. 66. Ph.: high s. s (=joy): praharṣaḥ; good s. s: praphullatā.
     IV Energy, vigour:
     1 sattvam, loses s.: sattvāt paribhraśyate, H. 133.; evincing high s.: kṛtasattvavegaḥ, Ki. xvii. 15.;
     2 tejas (mfn.), lacking s.: nistejas, Mu. i. 13.; again with the s. hightened from a determination (to fight): bhūyaḥ samādhānavivṛddhatejāḥ, Ki. xvii. 7.
     V Of style: ojas (n.), Kav. viii. 4.
     VI Temper, disposition: q. v.: prakṛtiḥ.
     VII Prevailing disposition (as "s. of the age"): rītiḥ.
     VIII Real meaning: bhāvaḥ or bhāvārthaḥ: v. Intention.
     IX A person: vyaktiḥ.
     X A ghost:
     1 bhūtaḥ. Ph.: evil s.: pretaḥ, Wilson.
     XI Disembodied s.:
     1 (= dead);
     2 not expr. (as corporeality is always supposed), and the s. of the king Daśaratha: sa ca rājā daśarathaḥ, Ram. vi. 102. 4.
     XII A spirituous liquor: surā.

SPIRITED:
     I Of persons:
     1 tejasvin (f. );
     2 sattvavat (f. ): and sim. comp.s.
     II Of style: ojasvin (f. ), Ki. vi. 38.
     III In comp.: expr. by comp.: v. Spirit.

SPIRITEDLY:
     1 prasabham, Ki. ii. 28.;
     2 sotsāham (=zealously).

SPIRITLESS:
     1 nistejas (mfn.);
     2 niḥsattva (f. ttvā), H.;
     3 tejovihīnaḥ (nā naṃ), Ki. xvii. 16. and sim. comp.s.

SPIRITLESSLY:
     1 niḥsattvam (rare);
     2 nirutsāham, (without zeal).

SPIRITLESSNESS:
     1 nirutsāhitā;
     2 tejohīnatā; and sim. comp.s.

SPIRITUAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 expr. by comp.:
     2 adhyātma- in comp., s. knowledge: adhyātmajñānam;
     3 ādhyātmika (f. ).
     II Fig.:
     1 pāratrika or pāralaukika (f. = of next world);
     2 mānasika (f. = mental);
     3 amūrta (f. rtā = incorporeal);
     4 sāttvika (f. ) ; v. Pure, divine;
     5 dhārmika (f. ): v. Religious.

SPIRITUALISM:
     I Lit.: brahmavādaḥ.
     II Modern: *bhūtavādaḥ.

SPIRITUALIST:
     I Lit.: brahmavādin (f. ).
     II Modern: bhūtavādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SPIRITUALITY:
     1 ādhyātmikatā;
     2 sāttvikatā, etc.: v. Spiritual.

SPIRITUALLY:
     1 brahmadhiyā, B.;
     2 viśuddhadṛṣṭyā, and sim. expr.s.

SPIRITUOUS: Ph.: s. liquor: surāsavaḥ, Mah.

SPIT (v.):
     I To eject saliva: ṣṭhīvati ni- (ṣṭhiv, c. 1.), s. ting on any one: avaniṣṭhīvat (f. ), M. viii. 282.; s. out: niṣṭhīvati, N. xxii. 16.
     II To run a s. through: śūlākaroti, D. viii.

SPIT (subs.):
     I What is s. ted: niṣṭhyū tam, M. iv. 132.
     II For roasting: śūla (mn.).
     III Of land.: khanitrameyā bhūmiḥ.

SPITE (subs.):
     I Harted: q. v.: vidveṣaḥ.
     II In s. of: v. Notwithstanding (II), despite.

SPITE (v.): dveṣṭi (dviṣ, c. 2.: v. To hate, malign).

SPITEFUL:
     1 by adv.;
     2 sāsūya (f. );
     3 vidveṣin (f. ṇī).

SPITEFULLY:
     1 sāsūyam;
     2 sābhyasūyam;
     3 dveṣāt;
     4 vidviṣṭam;
     5 drohabuddhyā (= to injure).

SPITEFULNESS: vidveṣaḥ: v. Harted, malignity.

SPITTING (subs.):
     1 niṣṭhīvaḥ -nam;
     2 niṣṭhevaḥ -nam;
     3 niṣṭhyū tiḥ.

SPITTLE:
     1 lālā (= saliva);
     2 niṣṭhyū tam, (what is spitted out).

SPITTOON:
     1 pratigrāhaḥ;
     2 patadgrahaḥ, A.

SPLASH:
     I Verb: āsphālayati, which is s. ed by women: āsphālitaṃ yat pramadākarāgraiḥ, R. xvi. 13.
     II Subs.: expr. by adj.: āsphālita (f. ).

SPLEEN:
     I Lit.:
     1 plīhan (m.), enlargement of s.: plīhavivṛddhiḥ, the disease called s.: plīhasaṃjño gadaḥ, Bha.;
     2 gulmaḥ (rare).
     II Rage, mortification: q. v.

SPLENDID:
     1 māsura (f. ): v. Brilliant.; s. sword: bhāsuro'siḥ, N. xvi. 18.;
     2 śreṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā): v. Excellent;
     3 vṛndiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) ; v. Chief;
     4 praśasta (f. stā): v. Praiseworthy.

SPLENDIDLY:
     1 by comp.; s. dressed: ujjvalaveśadhārin (f. ṇī), Mr. ix.;
     2 praśastam ; v. Excellently.

SPLENDOUR:
     1 aujjvalyam: v. Brilliancy;
     2 śobhā;
: v. beauty;
     3 tejas (= lustre), in s. to sun: tejasā savitrā, K.

SPLENETIC:
     I Lit.: plīharogin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.
     II Peevish: q. v.: karkaśa (f. śā).

SPLICE: saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To unite.

SPLINT: in medicine: perh.: ālambaḥ.

SPLINTER:
     I Subs.: kāṣṭhakhaṇḍam and sim. comp.s (?).
     II Verb: vidārayati (c. of dṝ): v. To shiver, rend.

SPLIT:
     I Intrans.:
     1 sphuṭati pra- vi- pari- (sphuṭ, c. 1.), heart is s. ting: sphuṭati hṛdayam, Mr. iii.;
     2 dīryate vi-, (pass. of dṝ), sound of s. ting rock: vidīryamāṇāśmaninādaḥ, Ki.
     II Trans.,: sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ);
     2 vidārayati (c. of dṝ).
     III Subs.:
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 chidram (=hole)

SPLUTTER: makamakāyate (nomi).

SPOIL (v.)
     I To destroy, defile: q. v.: dūṣayati (c. of duṣ).
     II To plunder: luṇṭhati pari-, (luṇṭh, c. 1.).

SPOIL (v. i.):
     1 naśyati vi- (naś, c. 4.);
     2 naṣṭībhavati;
     3 nāśameti -upaiti, etc.

SPOIL (subs.):
     1 yuddhalabdhadhanam, and sim. comp.s.;
     2 luṇṭhitam pari- (= plundered).

SPOILER:
     I Destroyer, defiler:
     1 nāśayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 dvaṣaka (f. ṣikā); etc.
     II Plunderer: luṇṭhāka (f. ).

SPOKE:
     1 aram or ārā, a row of s. s: ārāvalī, V. iv.;
     2 sakthi, a cart with long s. s: dīrghasavitha śakaṭam, S. k.

SPOKESMAN:
     1 mukham, therefore you become my s.: tattvaṃ me mukhaṃ bhava, V. i.;
     2 vaktṛ (m. = speaker: q. v.).

SPOLIATION:
     1 luṇṭhanam pari- (= plunder);
     2 haraṇam apa- (= carrying off).

SPONDAIC: s. foot: go (m. dual).

SPONDEE: go (m. dual).

SPONGE:
     I Subs.: *spañjam.
     II Verb: *spañjena mārṣṭi or mārjayati pari- saṃ- (mṛj, c. 2. and 10.).

SPONGE CAKE: piṣṭakaviśeṣaḥ.

SPONGINESS: *spañjābhatā and sim. comp.s.

SPONGY: *spañjābha (f. bhā) and sim. comp.s.

SPONSOR:
     1 *pratiṣṭhātṛ (f. trī);
     2 dharmapratibhūḥ.

SPONSORSHIP:
     1 *pratiṣṭhātṛtvam;
     2 dharmaprātibhāvyam.

SPONTANEITY: expr. with adv.: s. of movement: svecchayā gamanaśīlatvam.

SPONTANEOUS: expr. by svecchātaḥ or svecchayā.

SPONTANEOUSLY:
     1 svecchayā;
     2 svecchātaḥ;
     3 svecchānusāreṇa, etc.

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SPOON:
     1 camasa (mn.);
     2 darvī(rviḥ).

SPOONFUL: expr. by spoon, giving two s. s of rice: odanasya darvīdvayaṃ dattvā, D. vi.

SPORADIC: perh. asaṃlagna (f. gnā).

SPORT (v.): khelati (khel, c. 1.): v. To play.

SPORT (subs.):
     I Play, amusment: krīḍā.
     II Hunting: q. v.: mṛgayā.
     III Ridicule, derision: q. v.: upahāsaḥ.

SPORTING: Ph.: s. magazine: ākheṭikapatrikā.

SPORTIVE:
     1 khela (f. : rare);
     2 khelat (f. ntī), s. cupid: kheladanaṅgaḥ, Gi. i. 29.;
     3 krīḍat (f. ntī), s. cuckoo: krīḍatkokilaḥ, Gi. i. 38.: v. Also playful, merry.

SPORTIVELY:
     1 khelam, marching s.: khelagāmin (f. ), Ku. vii. 49.;
     2 sakhelam: v. Also playfully, merrily.

SPORTSMAN: mṛgayāsevin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SPOT (subs.):
     I Place: q. v.: sthānam.
     II Speck:
     1 binduḥ, variegated with hundreds of silver s. s: raupyabinduśatacitraḥ, Ra. iii. 98. 12.; golden s. s: bindavo jātarūpasya, Mah. iv. 42. 1.: v. Also mark.
     III Stain: q. v.: kalaṅkaḥ.

SPOT (v.):
     I Lit.: bindubhiścitrayati (citr, c. 10.): v. Also to mark. Ph.: s. ted leopard: citravyādhraḥ or citrakaḥ; s. ted deer: citro (vicitrabindumiryuktaḥ) mṛgaḥ, Ar.
     II To stain: q. v.: kalaṅkayati (nomi).
     III To soil: q. v.: kaluṣayati.

SPOTLESS:
     I Lit.: v. Spot.
     II Stainless: q. v.: niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā).

SPOTLESSLY: niṣkalaṅkam: v. Stainlessly.

SPOUSAL: vivāhaḥ: v. Marriage.

SPOUSE:
     1 pāṇigrahītṛ (m. = husband);
     2 pāṇigṛhītī (=wife);
     3 varaḥ (= bridegroom).

SPOUT (subs.): perh. nālī: v. Pipe.

SPOUT (v.):
     I Lit.: udasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To throw up.
     II Fig.: udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.): v. Also to declaim.

SPRAIN:
     I Verb: perh. ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), Sr.
     II Subs.: perh. ākṣepaḥ -ṇam.

SPRAY:
     I Water-drop:
     1 śīkaraḥ;
     2 tuṣāraḥ (rare).
     II Small branch: q. v.: viṭapaḥ.

SPREAD (v. i.):
     1 prasarpati vi- (sṛp, c. 1.), and the rumour s. on all sides: pratidiśañca lokavādaḥ prāsarpat, D.;
     2 prasarati vi- (sṛ, c. 1.). the burning of the body is s. ing: prasarati dehadāhaḥ, Ma.;
     3 vistīryate, (pass. of stṝ);
     4 vitanyate (pass. of tan).

SPREAD (v. t.):
     1 tanoti vi- pra-, (tan, c. 8.), s. s his white fame by his excellent qualities: tanoti śubhraṃ guṇasampadā yaśaḥ, Ki. i. 8.;
     2 vistārayati or stṝṇāti ā- vi-, (c. of stṛ 10 and stṝ, c. 9.), he s. the net: tena jālaṃ vistīrṇam, H.;
     3 prasārayati vi-, (c. of sṛ);
     4 prasarpayati (c. of sṛp).

SPRIG: viṭapaḥ: v. Twig.

SPRIGHTLINESS: praphullatā: v. Liveliness, briskness.

SPRIGHTLY: praphulla (f. llā): v. Lively, brisk.

SPRING (subs.):
     I The season;
     1 vasantaḥ, s. -time: vasantakālaḥ, Ki.; s. -festival: vasantotsavaḥ, Pri.; oh, how beautiful is s.: aho ramaṇīyatā vasantasya, V. t.;
     2 surabhiḥ (rare), beginning of s.: surabhimukham, Ki. x. 30.;
     3 maghuḥ (rare), the s. will assist you unasked: madhuranukto'pi sahāya eva, Ku. iii. 21. Ph.: s. of life: ayātayāmaṃ vayaḥ, D. viii.
     II Of water: utsaḥ: v. Fountain.
     III Any source: q. v.: prabhavaḥ.
     IV A leap: q. v.: utplavaḥ.
     V An elastic body: no equiv.: *plavaḥ.

SPRING (v. i.):
     I Proceed, rise: q. v.: jāyate (jan, c. 4.).
     II To leap: q. v.: plavate ut- ā-, (pla, c. 1.).

SPRING (v. t.):
     I To raise:
     1 utpātayati (c. of pat);
     2 utthāpayati (c. of sthā), D. vi.
     II To produce: q. v.: janayati (c. of jan).

SPRINGE: pāśaḥ: v. Snare, trap.

SPRINGY: utplavaśīla (f. : (?), etc.

SPRINKLE (v. t.);
     1 siñcati abhi- pari- ni- pra- ava- saṃ- (sic, c. 6.), s. s water on Mādhavīplant: mādhavīlatāṃ siñcati, S. i.;
     2 ukṣati pra- abhi- (ukṣ, c. 1.), R. xi. 5.

SPRINKLE (v. i.): varṣati (vṛṣ, c. 1.), mandaṃ mandaṃ varṣati meghaḥ.

SPRINKLING (subs.): Ph.: s. of = a few: q. v.: virala (f. ), with a s. of dew-drops: viralatuṣārakaṇaḥ, Ki. x. 28.

SPROUT:
     I Subs.: pallavaḥ: v. Shoot. Ph.: Brussels s. s: *kapibhedaḥ.
     II verb: udbhinatti (bhid, c. 7.): v. To shoot.

SPRUCE:
     I adj. vinīta (f. ): Gentle.
     II Subs.: carmaviśeṣaḥ.

SPRUCELY: vinītam: v. Gently.

SPRUCENESS: vinītatā: v. Elegance, neatness.

SPUD: kakṣakartarī.

SPUME: hiṇḍīraḥ: v. Foam, slime.

SPUR (subs.):
     I For horses: perh., kaṇṭakaḥ.
     II Incitement: q. v.: utsāhaḥ.
     III Projection: perh. nāsā.

SPUR (v.): (kaṇṭakena) utsāhayati prot- (c. of sah): v. To incite.

SPURIOUS: kṛtrima (f. ): v. Counterfeit, false.

SPURIOUSNESS:
     1 kṛtrimatā;
     2 by adj.: v. Counterfeit, false.

SPURN: pratyākhyāti (khyā, c. 2.): v. To reject, scorn.

SPURT:
     I Subs.: sudden effort: haṭhodyamaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Trans.: vegena udasyati or utkṣipati (as, c. 4. or kṣip, c. 6.).
     II Intrans.: vegena niṣpatati (pat, c. 1.).

SPUTTER: s. ed speck: ambūkṛtam, U. ii. 21.: v. Also to spit.

SPY (subs.): cāraḥ or caraḥ, a s.-eyed king: cāracakṣurmahīpatiḥ, Ka. xii. 28.; spies should go out everywhere collecting the opinions of the people: carāścareyuḥ paritaḥ pibanto jagatāṃ matam, Ka xii. 26.;
     2 apasarpaḥ (rare);
     3 spaśaḥ (rare).

SPY (v.):
     1 āharati (hṛ, c. 1 = to collect), should s. out unperceived what goes on in the harem: antaḥpuragatāṃ vārttāmāhareyuralakṣitāḥ, Ka. xii. 43.;
     2 vijānāti (jñā, c. 9=to know, ascertain): v. Also look into.

SQUABBLE (subs.): kalahaḥ: v. Quarrel.

SQUABBLE (v.): kalahāyate (nomi): To quarrel.

SQUAD: dala (mn.): v. Party, company.

SQUADRON:
     I Of army:
     1 gulmadvayam;
     2 gaṇaḥ ((2/3) of s.).
     II Of shps: potāvalī.

SQUALID:
     1 kutsita (f. ): v. Foul;
     2 malina (f. ): v. Dirty.

SQUALIDITY, SQUALOR: mālinyam: v. Dirtiness, filth.

SQUALL (subs.):
     I Scream: q. v.: cītkāraḥ.
     II Of wind: caṇḍavātaḥ and sim. comp.s.

SQUALL (v.): krośati (kruś, c. 1.): v. To cry.

SQUALLY: caṇḍavāta (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

SQUANDER: vyayati -te (vyay, c. 1.), you have s. ed your treasury: koṣāṃstvamavyayīḥ, B. xv. 17.: v. Also to spend.

SQUARDERER:
     1 vyayin apa-, (f. );
     2 vyayakārin (f. ṇī).

SQUARE (adj.): varga- in comp., s. cubit: vargahastaḥ

SQUARE (subs.):
     I In arith.:
     1 vargaḥ, s. of a. s.: vargavargaḥ, Li.; s. root: vargamūlam, Li. or padam; the root of the sum of their s. s: tatkṛtyoryogapadam, Li. 108.; to take the s. root: padīkaroti, A. b.;
     2 kṛtiḥ, its s.: asya kṛtiḥ, Li. 30.
     II In Geo.:
     1 vargaḥ, a s. is an equal quadrilateral: vargaḥ samacaturasraḥ, A. b.;
     2 tulyaśrutistulyacaturbhujaḥ, and sim. comp.s., Li. 148.
     III In towns: no equiv.: caturasram may be used: v. Also court.
     IV Of armies: vargavyūhaḥ (?): comp. padmavyūhaḥ etc., Mah. vii. 87. 24.
     V An intrument: *samayantram.

SQURE (v. t.):
     I In arith.: vargayati or vargīkaroti, what (number) multiplied by three...s.d: kastrighnaḥ  ..vargitaḥ, A. b.
     II To settle, adjust: q. v.: śodhayati (c. of śudh).

SQUARE (v. i.):
     I To agree: q. v.: saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.).
     II To take a boxing attitude: muṣṭiṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.: with loc.).

SQUASH:
     I Verb.: mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.): v. To smash.
     II Subs.: saṃmardaḥ.

SQUAT (v.): s. ing: utkaṭukāsanam;
     2 avasavithakāsanam, Wilson.

SQUEAK, SQUEAL:
     I Subs.: karkaśarāvaḥ & sim. comp.s.
     II Verb: vāśate or vāśyate (vāś, c. 1. and 4.).

SQUEAMISH:
     I Lit.: vivamiṣu (mfn.).
     II Fastidious: q. v.

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SQUEAMISHNESS:
     I Lit.: vivamiṣā.
     II Fastidiousness: q. v.

SQUEEZE: niṣpīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To press. S. out: gālayati (c. of gal); s. d out of cloth: vastragālitaḥ, Bha.

SQUEEZE, -ING (subs.):
     1 pīḍanam saṃ-; nis- ni-;
     2 niṣpeṣaḥ (fig.).

SQUIB:
     I Small firework: spoṭakam (comp. phaṭkā).
     II A lampoon: pari(rī)vādaprabandhaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

SQUINT (subs. and verb): expr. by s. -syed: q. v.

SQUINT-EYED:
     1 ṭera (f. ), -ka (f. );
     2 kekara (f. );
     3 valira (f. );
     4 kedara (f. );
     5 ṭagara (f. ).

SQUIRE: mahājanaḥ: v. Gentleman.

SQUIRREL:
     1 kāṣṭhaviḍālaḥ;
     2 kāṣṭhamārjāraḥ, and sim. comp.s.

SQUIRT:
     I Subs.: dhārāyantram, R.
     II Verb: udasyati (as, c. 4.): v. To throw out.

STAB (v.):
     1 vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To pierce;
     2 bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.), to s. in the secret: parokṣe marmabhedaṃ karoti: v. To wound.

STAB (subs.):
     1 viddham;
     2 bhinnam, Sr.;
     3 kṣatam (=injury).

STABILITY: sthairyam: v. Firmness, steadiness.

STABLE (adj.): sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Firm constant.

STABLE (subs.):
     I For horses:
     1 mandurā, s. -keeper: mandurāpālaḥ, K.;
     2 aśvaśālā and sim. comp.s.
     II For elephants (the place where they are tied up or confined): vārī, R. v. 45.
     III For cattle: gośālā.

STABLE (v.): rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.): v. To keep.

STABLING (subs.):
     I The act: rakṣaṇam.
     II Stable: q. v.

STACK (subs.): rāśiḥ: v. Heap, pile.

STACK (v.): rāśīkaroti: v. To heap, pile.

STAFF:
     I Stick: q. v.: daṇḍaḥ, flag-s.: ketudaṇḍaḥ, D.
     II Support: q. v.: ālambaḥ -nam.
     III Of officers: perh. vargaḥ. Ph.: he belongs to my s.; madadhīnasthaḥ karmacārī.

STAG:
     1 mṛgaḥ;
     2 hariṇaḥ;
     3 kuraṅgaḥ.

STAGE:
     I For acting, etc.: raṅgaḥ -bhūmiḥ -śālā, then the whole s. was sprightly: tataḥ sarvasya raṅgasya samutpiñjalako'bhavat, Mah. i. 133. 10. Ph.: behind the s.: nepathye; speaking off the s.: ākāśavacanam, Sah. vi.
     II Scaffolding: mañcaḥ, in the s. es.: mañceṣu, R. vi. 1.
     III On a journey, perh.
     1 vasatiḥ, passing three s. s: tisro vasatīruṣitvā, R. vii. 33.;
     2 nivāsasthānam, and sim. comp.s;
     3 prayāṇakam (=march: q. v.).
     IV Condition, state: q. v.: daśā, on the various s. s of life: daśāntareṣu, S.

STAGE-COACH: adhvagayānam and sim. comp. s (?).

STAGE-PLAYER: raṅgopajīvin (f. ): v. Player.

STAGGER: Intrans.:
     1 skhalati (skhal, c. 1.): v. To reel;
     2 ghūrṇyate, (ghūrṇ, c. 4.): v. To roll.
     II Trans.: expr. by causal.

STAGGERS: a disease of animals: ghūrṇiḥ (?).

STAGNANT:
     I Lit.: sthira (f. ): v. Also motionless.
     II Inert, dull: q. v.: jaḍa (f. ḍā).

STAGNATE:
     I Lit.: sthirībhavati.
     II Fig.: śithilīmavati.

STAGNATION:
     I Lit.:
     1 sthairyam sthiratā sthiratvam;
     2 niścalatā.
     II Fig.:
     1 māndyam;
     2 ślathatā;
     3 śithilatā.

STAID: sthira (f. ): v. Grave, sober.

STAIN (v.):
     I In general:
     1 kalaṅkayati, V. t.:
     2 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ = pollute), but I will not thus s. my great vow of holding arms: na tvevaṃ dūṣayiṣyāmi śastragrahamahāvratam, Vi. ii. 8.;
     3 malinayati (nomi.), fortune is s. ed by bowing to others: pariṇatyā malinīkṛtāḥ śriyaḥ, Ki. xiv. 48.;
     4 āvilayati (nomi.=3.), why are you striving to s. your family: vyapadeśamāvilayituṃ kimīhase, Sa. v. 21.;
     5 kaluṣayati (nomi.), fortune s. s even what is clear: lakṣamīḥ svacchamapi kaluṣīkaroti, K.
     II To dye: q. v.: rañjayati (rañj, c. 10.).

STAIN (subs.):
     1 kalaṅkaḥ, the s. of the wheelwright caste: rathakārakulakalaṅkasya, Vi. iii.; without any s. niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā), Ma. i. 23.;
     3 aṅkaḥ (=mark: q. v.).

STAINLESS:
     1 niṣkalaṅka or akalaṅka (f. ṅkā), thus there is nobody s.: itthaṃ nāstyakalaṅkaḥ ko'pi, Va.;
     2 nirmalaḥ (lā laṃ): v. Pure, chaste.

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STAINLESSLY:
     1 niṣkalaṅkam;
     2 by adj.

STAIR:
     I A flight of steps:
     1 sopānam;
     2 niḥśreṇiḥ(ṇī) (rare), R. xv. 1.;
     3 adhiroha(hi)ṇī, M. n.
     II A single step:
     1 parvan (n.), R. xvi. 46.; bhaṅgiḥ(ṅgī), Me. i. 61.

STAIRCASE: sopānapathaḥ sopānapaddhatiḥ, etc.: v. Stair (1).

STAKE (subs.):
     I A wage: q. v.: glahaḥ.
     II Of word:
     1 kīlaḥ;
     2 śaṅkuḥ.
     II For prisoners: śūla (mn.). Ph.: to be in s.:
     1 saṃśayastha (f. sthā);
     2 saṃśayamāpanna (f. nnā) and sim. comp. s.

STAKE (v.):
     I To wager: q. v.: paṇate (paṇ, c. 1.).
     II To pierce with a s.: kīlayati (nomi.).

STALE (adj.):
     1 yātayāma (f. );
     2 purāṇa (f. ṇā = old);
     3 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = spoiled), s. d water: duṣṭaṃ jalam, Bha.

STALE (v.):
     1 mehati (mih, c. 1.);
     2 mūtrayati (mutr, c. 10.).

STALK (subs.):
     1 kāṇḍa (mn.);
     2 stambaḥ;
     3 vṛntam (= foot-s. of a flower);
     4 mañjarī (of corn).

STALK (v.):
     I To walk proudly: sāṭopaṃ parikrāmati (kram, c. 1.) and sim. expr.s.
     II To follow stealthily: niḥśabdamanusarati (sṛ, c. 1.).

STALK-HORSE: Fig.: v. Pretence, pretext.

STALL (subs.):
     I A shop: q. v.: paṇyavīthiḥ -kā.
     II For cattle: śālā. Ph.: s. for cattle: goṣṭham.
     III A seat: āsanam.

STALL (v.): badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. Subs. and put.

STALLION: perh. bījāśvaḥ and sim. comp.s: v. Horse.

STAMEN:
     I Of flower: kesaraḥ.
     II Fig., specially in pl. stamina.:
     1 sāraḥ;
     2 sattvam.

STAMMER:
     I Verb: perh. totalāyate (nomi.)
     II Subs.: perh. totalāyitam.

STAMMERER: perh. totalaḥ (lā laṃ).

STAMP (subs.):
     I For using: no equiv.: *ṣṭampaḥ.
     II For making impression: mūdrā.
     III Of foot:
     1 padāghātaḥ;
     2 pādaprahāraḥ.
     IV Mark: q. v.: cihnam. V. Miscell: of high s.: mahābhāva (f. ); ordinary s.: sāmānyaprakṛti (mfn.).

STAMP (v.):
     I To mark: cihnayati (cihn, c. 10.).
     II With the foot: pādena abhihanti (han, c. 2.=to strike: q. v.) or mṛdrāti ava- (mṛd, c. 9. = smash: q. v.).

STANCH (adj.): dṛḍha (f. ḍhā): v. Firm, constant.

STANCH (v.): v. To stop.

STANCHION: avastambhaḥ: v. Prop, support.

STAND (subs.):
     I Stopping, s. still: to bring to a s.: stambhayati or stabhnāti: v. To stop; to come to s.: stabdhībhavati, to be at s.: stabdha (f. bdhā), ni- nis-. Ph.: to make a s. against: pratīpayati (nomi.): v. To oppose.
     II Platform: q. v.: mañcaḥ.
     III For other things: s. for lamps: dīpādhāraḥ; ink.s.: masībhājanam -pātram; salt-s.: lavaṇapātram, etc.

STAND (v. i.):
     I Opposed to sit: tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.), stood determined to fight: tasthau sisaṃgrāmiṣuḥ, B. iii. 47.; why do you experience the pain of long s. ing: kimiti cirasthitikleśo'nubhūyate, D. v.
     II Not to move: tiṣṭhati, s. ing when she stood, going when she moved: sthitaḥ sthitāmuccalitaḥ prayātām, R. ii. 6.; s. s. wretched goblin: tiṣṭha tiṣṭha kauṇapāpasada, Sa. vi.
     III To remain: q. v.: tiṣṭhati, I stood resolved not to leave the ground on which I slept without ascertaining the facts of the case: nāhamidaṃ tattvato'navabudhya mokṣyāmi bhūmiśayyāmiti niścitamatiratiṣṭham, D. v.
     IV To be situated: tiṣṭhati ava- or saṃ-tiṣṭhate, so s. s the Fig Continent, surrounding the Salt Ocean: saṃveṣṭya kṣāramudadhiṃ plakṣadvīpastathā sthitaḥ, V. p. ii. 4. 1. V. To adhere: tiṣṭhate ā-, who s. s with Karṇa and others: karṇādiṣu tiṣṭhate yaḥ, Ki. iii. 14.
     VI To be, become: q. v.: bhavati.

STAND (v. t.):
     I To endure: q. v.: sahate (sah, c. 1.).
     II To withstand: q. v.
     III To abide by: q. v.: tiṣṭhati.

STAND AGAINST: pratyavatiṣṭhate, others s. a. this: atrāpare pratyavatiṣṭhante, S. iv.

STAND BY:
     I Lit.: upatiṣṭhati.
     II To abide by: tiṣṭhati avatiṣṭhate, who did not s. by their superiors' commands: na śāsane'vāsthita yo gurūṇām, B. iii. 14.
     III To assist: q. v.: prob. upatiṣṭhati.

STAND FOR:
     I In place of: -sthāne or -bhūmau tiṣṭhati vartate (vṛt, c. 1.), etc.
     II For the sake of: -arthaṃ or arthe tiṣṭhati vartate, etc. Ph.: s. for good (i. e. lie for ever, die): saṃtiṣṭhate.

STAND(ONE)IN: v. To cost.

STAND ON: fig.: tiṣṭhate ā- (with loc.).

STAND OUT:
     I To project: q. v.:
     II To s. out against: pratyava-tiṣṭhate, prob. pratisaṃ-.

STAND OVER: fig.: adhitiṣṭhati (with acc.).

STAND TO:
     I To abide by: tiṣṭhati (with loc.).
     II To be consistent with: saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.); better by circumlo.

STAND UNDER: v. To endure, support.

STAND UP:
     I Lit.: uttiṣṭhati.
     II Fig.: uttiṣṭhate: v. To rise.

STAND WITH: i. e. be consistent with: expr. by circumlo.

STANDARD:
     I Ensign:
     1 dhvaja (mfn.), description of s. s: dhvajavarṇa nam, Mah. vii. 10. 50.;
     2 ketuḥ or ketanam;
     3 patākā (= flag);
     4 vaijayantī (rare).

STANDARD-BEARER:
     1 patākin (m.);
     2 dhvajin (m.);
     3 vaijayantikaḥ.

STANDING (subs.):
     I Not sitting or walking: sthitiḥ, R. i. 89.
     II Continuance: sthitiḥ. Ph.: of long s.: bahoḥ kālāt (= for a long time) and sim. expr. s.
     III Position, rank: q. v.: sthānam.

STAND STILL (subs.): v. Stand (I).

STANZA: ślokaḥ: v. Verse.

STAPLE (subs.):
     I Of iron: lohapuṭaḥ (?).
     II Market.

STAPLE (adj.): mukhya (f. khyā): v. Chief.
     II Market: q. v.: haṭṭaḥ.
     III S. product: pradhānapaṇyam, and sim. comp.s.

STAR (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 tārā or tārakā (not tārikā), interspersed with s. s and darkness: tārātamodantura (f. ), N. xxii. 17.; her breast s. red with eye-drops: aśrubindutārakitapayodharā, D. ii.;
     2 nakṣatram (sp. of the signs), the s. under which one is born: janmanakṣatram; shooting s.: nakṣatrapatanam, Sr.;
     3 jyotis (n. = luminary), I salute the chief of s. s (moon): jyotiṣāṃ patimahaṃ mahayāmi, Pra.; shooting s. s: patamānāni (patanti) jyotīṃṣi, Mah.;
     4 ṛkṣa (rare), surrounded all around by s. s: parivāritaḥ parita ṛkṣagaṇaiḥ, Si. ix. 31.;
     5 uḍu (mfn.);
     6 bham.
     II Fig.: of persons: expr. by sūryaḥ (= sun), candraḥ (=moon), and their syn.

STARBOARD: (nāvo) dakṣiṇapārśvaḥ.

STARCH: Subs.: maṇḍaḥ (?).
     II Verb: perh. maṇḍayati (nomi: comp. māḍa deoyā): v. Also stiffen.

STARE:
     I Verb: sthiradṛṣṭyā nirīkṣyate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To gaze:
     II Subs.: sthiradṛṣṭiḥ: v. Gaze.

STARFISH: a marine animal: *samudratārā.

STARK (adj.):
     I Stiff, rugged: q. v.:
     II Complete, full: q. v.: samagra (f. grā).

STARK (adj.): sampūrṇam: v. Fully, completely.

STARLIGHT (adv.):
     1 tārāvadāta (f. );
     2 tārāprakāśa (f. śā); etc.

STAR-LIKE (adj.):
     1 tārānima (f. bhā);
     2 tārāvabhāsa (f. ); etc.

STARLING: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ *tārakā.

STARRY:
     I Consisting of, or abounding in stars:
     1 tārāmaya (f. ), s. refuse: tārāmayamasthiyūtham, N. xxii. 14.;
     2 tārāsaṅkula (f. = covered with stars), R. vi. 22.; and sim. comp.s;
     3 tārakita (f. ), D. ii.
     II Starlike: q. v.

START (v. i.):
     I To set out: q. v.: pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.).
     II To move suddenly: cakati -te (cak, c. 1.), s. ing: cakitam, Sah.
     III kuto'pi dayitasyagre cakitaṃ bhayasambhramaḥ, Sah. iii.; s. ing (= adv.) cakitam or sacakitam.
     IV To shrink: q. v.

START (v. t.):
     I To set on foot: pravartayati (c. of vṛt), to s. the teaching of Vedas: śrutisampradāyaṃ pravartayitum, M. n. on Si. xiv. 79.
     II To alarm, frighten: q. v.: trāsayati saṃ-, (c. of tras).

START AFTER: anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To pursue, run after.

START UP: sahasā uttiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1. = rise: q. v.), would s.: sahasā vyabudhyata, Ku. v. 57.: v. To awake.

START (subs.):
     I Sudden motion: cakitam.
     II Beginning: q. v.: pravartanam -nā.
     III A setting out: prasthānam. Ph.: to get or have the s. of: pūrvaṃ pravartate (vṛt, c. 1.: with abl.); by s. s, perh. plutaiḥ.

STARTER: of a race: perh. dhāvayitṛ (f. trī).

STARTLE I. Intrans.: cakati -te (cak, c. 1.).
     II To alarm, frighten: q. v.: udvejayati (c. of vij); s. ing: udvegakara (f. ).

STARVATION: expr. by verb: v. Also fasting.

STARVE (v. i.):
     I Lit.: śītena or kṣudhayā sīdati ava-, (sad, c. 1.) or mrīyate (mṛ, c. 4. = die).
     II Fig.: sīdati ava-.

STRAVE (v. t.):
     I Lit.: (śītena or) kṣudhayā sādayati ava- (c. of sad) or mārayati (c. of mṛ = kill).
     II Fig.: sādayati ava-.

STARVELING: kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭha (f. ṇṭhā): v. Hungry, lean.

STATE (subs.):
     I Condition: q. v.:
     1 avasthā;
     2 daśā.
     II Government, sovereignty: q. v.: rājyam, Ph.: s. affairs: rājakāryāṇi; s. servant: rājasevaka (f. vikā); etc.
     III Grandeur, splendour: q. v.: aiśvaryama.

STATE (v.): kathayati (kath, c. 10.): v. To say, tell, narrate.

STATELINESS: audāryam: v. Grandeur, majesty.

STATELY: udāra (f. ): v. Grand, majestic.

STATEMENT: uktiḥ: v. Saying, narration, representation.

STATESMAN:
     1 nītijña (f. jñā);
     2 nayavid (mfn.), and sim. comp.s.

STATESMANSHIP:
     1 nayajñatā;
     2 nītikauśalam, etc.: v. Also policy.

STATICS: sthairyavijñānam.

STATION (subs.):
     I As civil, military or railway: niveśaḥ.
     II Position, rank: q. v.: padam, high s.: unnataṃ padam, Ku.
     III Situation, position: q. v.

STATION (v.): sthāpayati ava-, (c. of sthā): v. To put. Ph.: s. ed at Burdwan: vardhamānaniveśa (f. śā).

STATIONARY: sthira (f. ): v. Fixed.

STATIONER: patrakalamādivikretṛ (f. trī: (?) and sim. expr. s.

STATIONERY: patrakalamādi (?), and sim. expr. s.

STATISTICAL: expr. by comp.

STATISTICS: *saṃkhyānam, s. of crime: aparādhasaṃkhyānam (?).

STATUARY:
     I The maker: pratimākāra (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II The art: pratimānirmāṇam, and sim. comp. s.

STATUE:
     1 pratimā, stand for s.: pratimāpiṇḍikā, A. p.;
     2 murtiḥ, s. keeper: mūrtipaḥ, Mat.

STATURE: pramāṇam: v. Size.

STATUTE: vyavasthā: v. Law.

STATUTORY: s. provision: vyavasthāvidhiḥ.

STAVE:
     I Of wood: kāṣṭhakhaṇḍam.
     II Of songs: bhāgaḥ.

STAVE (v.):
     I To burst: sphoṭayati (c. of sphuṭ).
     II With off: v. Put off.

STAY (v.):
     1 vasati (vas, c. 1.): v. To live;
     2 tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.): v. To remain.

STAY (v. t.): stabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.): v. To stop, obstruct, delay.

STAY (subs.):
     I Sojourn:
     1 avasthitiḥ (-sthānam);
     2 nivāsaḥ (rare), Si. xii. 63.
     II A prop: stambhaḥ upa-.
     III Stop, hindrance:
     1 stambhaḥ;
     2 pratiṣṭambhaḥ.
     IV In pl., bodies: q. v.: aṅgikā.
     V A rope: rajjuḥ.

STEAD, IN: v. Instead of.

STEADFAST: sthiraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Firm, constant, true.

STEADFASTNESS: sthiratā: v. Firmness, constancy.

STEADFASTLY:
     1 dṛḍham: v. Firmly;
     2 santatam: v. Constantly.

STEADILY:
     1 sthiram;
     2 dṛḍham;
     3 dhīram: v. Steady.

STEADINESS:
     1 sthairyam;
     2 dārḍhyam;
     3 dhairyam: v. Steady.

STEADY:
     I In gen.:
     1 sthira (f. = constant, fixed), s. minded: sthiradhīḥ, R. viii. 22.; one whose actions are steady: sthirakarman (mfn.);
     2 dṛḍha (f. ḍhā = firm: q. v.).
     II Of men: dhīra (f. ). Ph.: to lead a s. life: na vyabhicarati, (car, c. 1.) or sanmārge tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.).

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STEAK: māṃsaphālī, N. xvi. 81.

STEAL (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 corayati (cur, c. 10.), we stole so as to reduce him to earthen pots: mṛdbhāṇḍāvaśeṣamacorayāva, D. ii.; for s. ing: cauryārtham, Viv.;
     2 stenayati (sten, c. 10.: rare), for those who s. large animals: mahāpaśūn stenayataḥ, N. s.;
     3 muṣṇāti pari- (muṣ, c. 9.), s. ing the valuable leather from Udāraka: ajinaratnamudārakānmuṣitvā, D. ii.;
     4 harati apa- (hṛ, c. 1. = to take away), to s. paddy: dhānyaṃ harati, M. viii. 320.
     II Fig., to s. away: alakṣitaṃ gacchati, (=to go) or apasarati (=go away).
     III Fig., to s. over or upon=to slip in: alakṣitaṃ samākrāmati (kram, c. 1.).
     IV To gain or win unperceived; apaharati, (your) heart which is going to be stolen away by her: apahniyamāṇamanayā hṛdayam, K.: v. To rob.

STEALER:
     1 steyakṛt, s. of gold: suvarṇasteyakṛt, K. b.;
     2 -muṣ, in comp., s. from travellers: pāṃthamuṣ, Viv.;
     3 hartṛ apa- (f. rtrī), man-s.: narahartā, Mit.

STEALING (subs.): steyam: v. Theft, robbery.

STEALTH:
     I Stealing:
     1 steyam or stainyam;
     2 caurī (or rikā: rare);
     3 moṣaḥ.
     II Fig.:
     1 caurikā, marriage by s.: caurikāvivāhaḥ, Ma. i.;
     2 moṣaḥ, carrying off Kanakavatī by s.: kanakavatīṃ moṣeṇāpahṛtya, D. vi.

STEALTHILY:
     1 caurikayā;
     2 moṣeṇa;
     3 nibhṛtam (= quietly).

STEALTHY:
     1 nibhṛtaḥ (tā taṃ = quiet);
     2 pracchanna (f. nnā hidden);
     3 maunin (f. = silent): v. Also secret.

STEAM (subs.): bāṣpaḥ, s. boat: *bāṣpīyatarī, s. -engine: *bāṣpīyayantram.

STEAM (v. i.): bāṣpāyate. S. out or off: *vāṣpayogena calati.

STEAM (v. t.): *bāṣpitaṃ karīti. S. out: *bāṣpayogena cālayati (c. of cal).

STEAMER: *bāṣpīyapotaḥ and sim. comp.s.

STEED: vājin (m.): v. Horse.

STEEL (subs.):
     I Prepared iron:
     1 citrāyasam;
     2 śastram: v. Iron.
     II Weapon: q. v.: śastram.

STEEL (v.):
     1 kaṭhinīkaroti (= to harden);
     2 by circumlo.

STEELYARD: tulādaṇḍaḥ: v. Balance.

STEEP (adj.):
     1 utsarpin (f. ṇī);
     2 durāroha (f. = difficult to climb).

STEEP (v.): niḥkṣipya sthāpayati (c. of sthā): v. Also to soak, Bha.

STEEPLE:
     1 śikharam;
     2 śṛṅgam.

STEEPLECHASE: aśvacaryā: v. Race.

STEEPNESS:
     1 utsarpitā;
     2 durārohatā: v. Steep.

STEER (v.): cālayati, (c. of cal): v. To guide, move.

STEER (subs.): vatsataraḥ, K. iii. 32.

STEERAGE:
     I The act: cālanam: v. Also guidance.
     II Hinder part of a vessel: paścādbhāgaḥ.

STEERER, STEERSMAN:
     1 karṇadhāra (f. );
     2 karṇin (f. : rare).

STEM (subs.):
     I S. of a tree:
     1 kāṇḍa (mn.);
     2 stambhaḥ.
     II Of a vessel: v. row.
     III Stock: q. v.

STEM (v.): pratikūlayati (nomi.): v. To resist, oppose.

STENCH: v. Stink.

STENOGRAPHY: v. Short-hand. Stenographist ; v. S. writer.

STEP (subs.):
     I A pace:
     1 padam, I cannot move a single s.: padātpadamapi gantuṃ na śaknomi, Ra. ii.; at every s.: pade pade, N.;
     2 kramaḥ vi- (rare), the s. which covered the spheres of the sun and the moon: laṅghitārkaśaśimaṇḍalakramaḥ, Si. xiv. 75.;
     3 pādanyāsaḥ padavikṣepaḥ, and sim. comp.s (=throwing of feet).
     II Gradation, degree: kramaḥ, s. by s.: kramaśaḥ, A.
     III Of a ladder: bhaṅgaḥ(ṅgiḥ) vi-: v. Stair.
     IV Measure, plan: q. v.: upāyaḥ.

STEP (v.):
     I To throw, set: q. v.: nyasyati vi- (as, c. 4.).
     II To move the foot: padavikṣepaṃ karoti and sim. expr.s.
     III To walk: q. v.

STEP-BROTHER: anyapitṛjo bhrātā (by a different father): anyodaryo bhrātā (by a different mother): v. Half-brother.

[Page 676]

STEP-CHILD: anyapitṛjaḥ (f. ) or anyodaryaḥ (f. ryā) putraḥ (= son) or kanyā (= daughter).

STEP-FATHER: mātuḥ patiḥ.

STEP-MOTHER: vimātṛ (f.) (simply mātṛ when clear, R. xiv. 22.).

STEPPE: mālaṃ kṣetram, Me. i. 16.

STEREOTYPE: *sthirākṣaraphalakam. S. d: fig.: samayagata (f. ), Sah. vii.

STERILE, STERILITY: v. Barren, barrenness.

STERLING:
     I Subs.: iṃlaṇḍīyamudrā.
     II Adj.: yathārtha (f. rthā): v. Genuine.

STERN (subs.): paścādbhāgaḥ: v. Also back.

STERN (adj.): paruṣa (f. ṣā): v. Harsh, rough, severe.

STERNLY: paruṣam: v. Harshly, severely.

STERNNESS: pāruṣyam: v. Harshness, severity.

STETHOSCOPE: *hṛdayavīkṣaṇam.

STEW (subs.):
     I S. ed meat: māṃsakvāthaḥ (?).
     II Brothel: q. v.: veśyālayaḥ.
     III Agitation, confusion: q. v.: saṃkṣobhaḥ.

STEW (v.): no prop. equiv.: kvathati (kvath, c. 1.).

STEWAED, -ESS (v.): paricāraka (f. rikā: v. Also manager, servant).

STEWARDSHIP: paricārakatvam -ttā (rare).

STICK (subs.):
     I A staff:
     1 yaṣṭiḥ, blindman's s.: andhasya yaṣṭiḥ, Mah.;
     2 daṇḍaḥ;
     3 vetram (= cane);
     4 āṣāḍhaḥ (=Palasa s.), Ku. v. 30.
     II As of sealing wax: perh. yaṣṭiḥ.

STICK (v.):
     I To thrust, set: niveśayati sam- (c. of viś).
     II To adhere: q. v.:
     1 lagati sam- (lag, c. 1.), it has stuck fast: dṛḍhaṃ khalu lagnā, V. i.;
     2 niviśate (viś, c. 1. = enter: q. v.).
     III To stop: stabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.). Comp. (a) s. by: v. Stand by; (b) s. out: v. To project; (c) s. up: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To fasten.

STICKLES: pakṣasamarthaka (f. rthikā): v. Also umpire.

STICKY: saṃśleṣaka (f. ṣikā): v. Also glossy.

STIFF:
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃhata (f. = compact);
     2 kaṭhina (f. = hard).
     II Fig.: karkaśa (f. śā): v. Harsh, rough.

STIFFEN:
     1 kaṭhinīkaroti (=harden);
     2 rukṣīkaroti (=roughen).

STIFFLY:
     1 kaṭhinam: v. Hardly;
     2 rūkṣam: v. Roughly.

STIFFNESS:
     1 kāṭhinyam: v. Hardness;
     2 raukṣam: v. Roughness.

STIFLE:
     I Lit.: śvāsarodhaṃ karoti or śvāsaṃ ruṇaddhi, (rudh, c. 7.) (with gen.).
     II Fig.: stabhnāti or stammayati saṃ- (stambh, c. 9. and 10.).

STIGMA: kalaṅkaḥ: v. Stain, disgrace.

STIGMATIZE:
     1 nindati (nind, c. 1.): v. To censure;
     2 parivadati (vad, c. 1.): v. To defame.

STILE:
     I Style: q. v.
     II Of steps: sopānapaddhatiḥ.

STILETTO: perh. churikā: v. Also knife, dagger.

STILL (subs.): adhoyantram, Wilson; madhyaniṣkarṣabhāṇḍam (bhāṭi in Bengali).

STILL (adj.):
     I Without any noise:
     1 niḥśabda (f. bdā);
     2 nīravaḥ (vā vaṃ); and sim. comp.s.: v. Silent.
     II Without any motion:
     1 niścalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     2 niṣkampa (f. mpā), and sim. comp.s.
     III Quiet, calm: q. v.: śānta (f. ntā), pra-.

STILL (v.): śamayati pra- (c. of śam): v. Calm, still (adj.).

STILL (adv.):
     I As yet: adyāpi.
     II Yet, nevertheless: q. v.: tathāpi.
     III With comparatives: expr. with yāvat...tāvat. Ph.: s. and anon: yadā tadā.

STILL-BORN: mṛtajātaḥ (tā taṃ), D. iv.

STILLNESS:
     1 niḥśabdatā;
     2 nīravatā;
     3 niścalatā;
     4 niṣkampatā;
     5 śāntiḥ pra-; etc.: for dif.: v. Still (adj.).

STILLY:
     I Adj.: v. Still.
     II Adv.:
     1 niḥśabdam: v. Silently:
     2 niṣkampam (=without agitation);
     3 by adj.

STILT: perh. pādayaṣṭiḥ, to go on s.: pādayaṣṭibhyāṃ carati.

STILTED (adj.): of style: prob. *vikaṭa (f. ṭā), Kav.

STIMULANT: dīpana (f. ), coriander is relishing and s.: dīpanaṃ rocakaṃ dhānyam, Bha.; s. to digestion: agnipradīpana (f. ), Bha.

STIMULATE:
     1 uttejayati (tij, c. 10.): v. To excite;
     2 vardhayati (c. of vṛdh): v. To increase;
     3 dīpayati (c. of dīp = warm up).

STIMULUS: dīpanam: Ph.: to give a s.: v. To stimulate.

STING (v.):
     I Lit.: daśati vi- (daṃś, c. 1.), stung by bees, men ran away: kṣudrābhirvidaśayamānena janena dudruve, Si. xii. 54.
     II Fig.: dahati (dah, c. 1. = burn: q. v.).

STING (subs.):
     I The act or wound: daṃśaḥ.
     II The instrument: caṃcuḥ, (= bill) is used by M. n. on Si. xii. 44.
     III Fig.: daṃśaḥ (?).

STINGILY: expr. by adj.: v. Also meanly.

STINGINESS: baddhamuṣṭitā: v. Miserliness, meanness.

STINGING (adj.):
     1 daṃśaka (f. śikā);
     2 kaṭu (mfn.: = bitter).

STINGY: baddhamuṣṭi (mfn.): v. Miser.

STINK:
     I Subs.: pūti -gandhaḥ.
     II Verb: pūtīmavati.

STINKING: (adj.):
     1 pūtigandhi (mfn.);
     2 pūti- in comp.

STINT (v.): niyacchati (yam, c. 1.): v. To restrain.

STINT (subs.): parimāṇam: v. Quantity, limit.

STIPEND: vṛttiḥ: v. Also pay.

STIPENDIARY:
     1 vetanabhogin (f. );
     2 vetanabhuj (mfn.) etc.

STIPULATE: samayaṃ karoti: v. To agree, promise.

STIPULATION: samayaḥ: v. Agreement, condition.

STIR (v.):
     I Trans.:
     1 viloḍayati ā-, (c. of luḍ), s. ring of the ocean: udadhiviloḍanam, Ki. xiv. 83.;
     2 kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh = agitate, excite: q. v.:).
     II Intrans.: kṣumyati (kṣubh, c. 4.): v. Agitated, to be.

STITCH (v.): āsañjayati (c. of sañj = adhere): v. Also to sew.

STITCH (subs.):
     I Of needle: guṇaḥ.
     II A pain: śūlaḥ.

STOCK (subs.):
     I Capital: q. v.: mūlam -dhanam. Ph.: s. of cattle: godhanam, Mah.; live s.: perh. jīvasampattiḥ.
     II Lineage, origin: q. v.: mūlam, of noble s.: maula (f. ), K.
     III Store, accumulation: q. v.: saṃcayaḥ q. v.
     IV Stem: q. v.: prakāṇḍaḥ.
     V Block-head: q. v.: sthūlabuddhi (mfn.).
     VI Pillar: q. v.: stambhaḥ.
     VII Handle: q. v.: daṇḍaḥ.
     VIII In pl. for vessels: *avaṣṭambhaḥ.
     IX For the feet: nigaḍaḥ (fetters: q. v.).

STOCK (v.): sambharati (bhṛ, c. 1.): v. To store, provide.

STOCK (adj.): expr. by comp., s. argument: mūlayuktiḥ: also chief.

STOCKBROKER: *mūladallālaḥ mūlaviniyāmakaḥ.

STOCK-DOVE: kapotaḥ: v. Dove.

STOCK-STILL: sthāṇurivācala (f. ) or sthira (f. ), etc.

STOCKADE: yaṣṭivṛtiḥ: v. Fence.

STOCKING: *pādāvaraṇam; caraṇacchadaḥ.

STOIC:
     1 jinaḥ (nā naṃ) (?);
     2 niḥspṛha (f. = indifferent);
     3 jitendriya (f. = continent).

STOIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

STOICISM:
     1 jainam (?);
     2 niḥspṛhatā;
     3 niḥsaṅgatā.

STOKER: āṅgārika (f. ) (?).

STOLE (subs.): a dress: perh. āprapadīnam.

STOLEN (adj.): coritaḥ (tā taṃ) etc.: v. To steal: S. goods:
     1 loptram, Vri.;
     2 coritam -kam, if you do not return to the citizens their s. goods: na cennāgarikebhyaścoritakāni pratyarpayiṣyasi, D. ii:
     3 muṣitam -kam, burying the s. goods somewhere: kvacinmuṣitakaṃ nidhāya, D. ii.;
     4 coritadravyam and sim. comp.s.;
     5 hoḍham (rare), with or without s. property: sahoḍhamasahoḍhaṃvā, Kat.

STOLID, STOLIDITY: v. Stupid, stupidity.

STOMACH (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pakvāśayaḥ, Sr.;
     2 jaṭharam: v. Belly.
     II Fig., relish: q. v.: I have no s. for it: idaṃ mahyaṃ na rocate.
     III Arrogance, haughtiness: q. v.

STOMACH (v.):
     I To bear: q. v.: sahate.
     II To dislike: q. v.

STOMACHER: an ornament:
     1 uraḥsūtram (?);
     2 vakṣobhūṣaṇam (?).

STOMACHIC (adj. and subs.): of medicines: agnivardhanaḥ or agnidīpanaḥ (nī naṃ) and sim. comp.s.

[Page 678]

STONE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 aśman (m.), even a s. attains divinity: aśmāpi yāti devatvam, H.; red s.: (=ruby) tāmrāśman, Si. iii. 7.;
     2 upalaḥ, variety of (precious) s. s: vaicitryamupalānām, V. m. 80. 3.;
     3 śilā (not applied to precious s. s: but applied also to s. for grinding), sitting on another s.: dvitīyaśilātalopaviṣṭaḥ, K.; like a (grinding) s. of gold: kanakaśilānibhaḥ, Ki. xvii. 63.;
     4 pāṣāṇaḥ (=3.);
     5 prastaraḥ (=3);
     6 grāvan (m. = 3);
     7 dṛṣad (f.: rare).
     II In the bladder: aśman (m.), s. -breaking: aśmabhid (mfn.), Sr.; aśmarī (the disease).
     III Of fruits: asthi (n.= bone).
     IV Testicle: q. v.: phalam, be without s. s: tvaṃ viphalo bhava, Ram. i. 49. 27.
     V A weight: *saptaseram.

STONE (adj.):
     1 by comp.;
     2 aupalaḥ (lī laṃ), as with a s. raft: yathā plavenaupalena, M. iv. 194.
     3 pāṣāṇamayaḥ (yī yaṃ), K. b.; and sim. comp.s.

STONE (v.): s. to death: upalaghātaṃ hanti (han, c. 2. after loṣṭaghātaṃ hanti, Mu.): v. To kill, beat.

STONE-CUTTER:
     1 aupalika (f. );
     2 āśmika (f. ), etc.

STONE-FRUIT: asthimatphalam (?).

STONE-HEARTED: pāṣāṇahṛdaya (f. );
     2 aśmahṛdaya (f. ), etc.

STONE-PIT, STONE-QUARRY: prastarakhaniḥ, and sim. comp.s.

STONE'S-THROW: pāṣāṇakṣepaḥ, and sim. comp.s. (comp. iṣuvikṣepaḥ, V. p. iii. 118.)

STONINESS:
     1 pāṣāṇabāhulyam;
     2 pāṣāṇasādṛśayam etc.: v. Stony.

STONY:
     I Abounding in stone:
     1 pāṣāṇabahula (f. );
     2 upalasaṅkula (f. ), and sim. comp.s.:
     II Made of s.:
     1 śilāmaya (f. );
     2 prastaramaya (f. );
     3 āśmana (f. );
     4 aupala (f. ), etc.
     III Like s.:
     1 by comp., s. -heart: pāṣāṇahṛdayam;
     2 prastaranima (f. bhā), etc.

STOOL:
     I A seat: q. v.: pīṭhaḥ (ṭhī ṭhaṃ).
     II Evacuation: malotsargaḥ, and sim. comp.s.

STOOP (v. i.):
     I To bend the body: gātraṃ namayati (nam, c. 10.) or āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).
     II Not intentionally: expr. by bhagnapṛṣṭhaka (f. = s. ing), K.
     III To condescend:
     1 pravaṇībhavati;
     2 prahvībhavati, s. ing: vaitasī vṛttiḥ, R. iv. 35.

STOOP (subs.):
     I Lit.; natiḥ.
     II Fig.: praṇatiḥ.

STOOPING (adj.): fig.:
     1 namra (f. mrā);
     2 praṇatipravaṇa (f. ṇā), etc.

STOP (v. t.):
     I To close, shut up: q. v.: vārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. Also to cover, fill up; shall s. all holes: sarvaṃ chidraṃ vārayet, M. ix.
     II To obstruct, prevent: q. v.:
     1 stambhayati saṃ- ava- (c. of stambh), s. ped by Hoonkāra: huṅkāreṇa stambhita (f. );
     2 ruṇaddhi saṃ- vi- prati- ava- (rudh, c. 7.), I will s. the passage of the sun: ruṇadhmi saviturmārgam, B. vi. 35.;
     3 pratibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.), s. s good: śreyaḥ pratibadhnāti, R. i. 79.

STOP (v. i.):
     1 tiṣṭhati avatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.), s. ping for a moment: muhūrtaṃ sthitvā, Me. i. 19.; did not go nor s.: na yayau na tasthau, Ku. v. 85.; if my pen does not s. for a moment: yadi me lekhanī kṣaṇaṃ nāvatiṣṭheta, Mah. 78.;
     2 śāmyati pra- (śam, c. 4.=to be quiet), when it (the ball) s. ped, made it fly up, and on the reverse made it s.: praśāntaṃ tamudapātayad viparyayeṇa ca prāśamayat, D. vi.: v. To cease;
     3 viśrāmyati (śram, c. 3.=rest: q. v.).

STOP (subs.):
     I Obstruction, hindrance: q. v.: stambhaḥ prati-. Ph.: to put a s. to: pratiṣṭambhayati (c. of stambh): v. To stop.
     II Pause, ceasation: q. v.:
     1 sthitiḥ;
     2 avasthitiḥ;
     3 praśāntiḥ;
     4 viśrāntiḥ.
     III In punctuation: virāmaḥ binduḥ (?).
     IV In music; nāhaḥ (?)
     V Of an organ: daṇḍaḥ (?).

STOP-COCK: perh. pratiṣṭambhaḥ or avaṣṭambhaḥ.

STOPPAGE:
     I Stay, rest: q. v.: sthitiḥ ava-.
     II Obstruction, hindrance: q. v.: stambhaḥ prati-.

STOPPER, STOPPLE:
     1 rodhaḥ (?);
     2 pratiṣṭambhaḥ (?).

[Page 679]

STORAGE:
     1 sañcayaḥ;
     2 sammāraḥ;
     3 samāhāraḥ.

STORE (v.):
     1 saṃbharati (bhṛ, c. 1.), s. ing money for spending: tyāgāya saṃbhṛtārthānām, R. i. 7.;
     2 saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.), how much blood have you s. d up: atha kiyatprabhūtaṃ tvayā sañcitaṃ rudhiram, Ve. iii.; (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To collect;
     4 paripūrayati (pūr, c. 10.: v. To fill up).

STORE:
     1 sambhāraḥ, sacrificial s. s: yajñasaṃbhāravistaraḥ, Ram. xi. 17.;
     2 sañcayaḥ, or s. of excellencies: sañcayo vā guṇānām, Vi. ii. 41.

STOREHOUSE:
     1 koṣaḥ: v. Treasury;
     2 bhāṇḍāram, (of things);
     3 āgāram (=house) as bhāṇḍāgāram, Mat.

STORE-KEEPER:
     1 bhāṇḍārin (f. ṇī);
     2 bhāṇḍārādhyakṣa (f. kṣā) and sim. comp.s.

STOREY:
     1 bhūmiḥ, N.;
     2 talam, Seven-s. ed: saptatala (f. ).

STORK: sārasaḥ: v. Crane.

STORM:
     I Of wind:
     1 vātyā;
     2 caṇḍavātaḥ, heavy rain came on accompanied with violent s.: caṇḍavātaṃ mahadvarṣaṃ prādurāsīt, Mah. iii. 143. 7.;
     3 prabhañjanaḥ; bhkañbhkā -vātaḥ, (=hurricane).
     II S. ing:
     1 āskandaḥ -nam or -nditam;
     2 grahaṇam (=taking).
     III Commotion, rage: q. v.: saṃrambhaḥ.

STORM (v. t.):
     1 āskandati (skand, c. 1.): v. To attack;
     2 gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To take.

STORM (v. i.):
     I Lit.: expr. by subs.
     II Fig.: v. To rage.

STORMY:
     I Lit.:
     1 pracaṇḍavāta (f. );
     2 vātyākula (f. );
     3 vātala (f. = windy);
     4 by subs.
     II Violent, furious: q. v.: saṃrabdha (f. bdhā).

STORY:
     I A tale:
     1 kathā, second s.: kathā 2, P.;
     2 itihāsaḥ, this old s. runs about it: atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam, Mah. xii. 175. 2.
     II History: q. v.:
     1 itihāsaḥ;
     2 vṛttāntaḥ, (what has happened to one), K.
     III A lie: q. v.: alīkaḥ (kā kaṃ).
     IV Of a house: bhūmiḥ: v. Storey.

STORY-TELLER:
     I Narrator: kathakaḥ, K. s. 10. 2.
     II Liar; q. v.: mithyāvādin (f. ).

STOUT:
     I Lit.: sthūlakāyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Fat, corpulent.
     II Fig., brave, resolute: q. v.

STOUT-HEARTED: bṛhanmanas, (mfn.), Ki. xviii. 3.: v. Brave, resolute.

STOUTLY:
     1 sphītam;
     2 pragalbham (= boldly).

STOVE: cullī: v. Fire-place.

STOW: v. To store, put.

STRADDLE (v.): jaṅghe pṛthak kṛtvā tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1. =remain) or upaviśati (viś, c. 6. = sit) (with loc.).

STRAGGLE: vyabhicarati (car, c. 1.): v. Also to wander.

STRAGGLER: vyabhicārin (f. ṇī): v. Also vagabond.

STRAIGHT (adv.):
     1 sarala (f. ), s. line: saralā rekhā, K. d.;
     2 ṛju (f. jvī), making the nose s.: nāsāmṛjvīṃ kṛtvā, Sr.

STRAIGHT (adv.):
     I Instantly: q. v.: sapadi.
     II Directly: perh. parāvaram, comp. varāvara.

STRAIGHTEN:
     1 ṛjūkaroti;
     2 saralīkaroti;
     3 by adj.

STRAIGHTFORWARD: saralaprakṛti (mfn.): v. Also frank.

STAIGHTFORWARDLY:
     1 saralam;
     2 sphuṭam. ; v. Openly.

STRAIGHTFORWARDNESS:
     1 ārjavam;
     2 saralatā: v. Frankness.

STRAIGHTWAY: sapadi: v. Instantly, immediately.

STRAIN (v. t.):
     I In gen.: āyāsayati (c. of yas): v. Also to stretch; why have I s. ed myself for nothing: kimiti nirarthakamātmā mayāyāsitaḥ, K.
     II To filter:
     1 gālayati, (c. of gal), s. ed through cloth: vastragālita (f. ), Bha.;
     2 srāvayati (c. of sru), to s. through cloth: srāvayet paṭāt, Bha.

STRAIN (v. i.):
     I In gen.: āyasyati (yas, c. 4.): v. To exert, labour.
     II To filter: galati, (gal, c. 1.).

STRAIN (subs.):
     I The act.:
     1 āyāsaḥ;
     2 āyāsitam, (rare).
     II Style: q. v.: rītiḥ.
     III Of music: rāgaḥ.
     IV Theme: q. v.: viṣayaḥ.
     V Tendency: q. v.: pravaṇatā.

[Page 680]

STRAINED (adj.): Fig.: kliṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), neyārthamatha bhavet kliṣṭam, Kav.

STRAINER: gālanī (after cālanī) for cleansing rice, etc.

STRAIT (adj.): saṃkīrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Narrow.

STRAIT (subs.):
     I Distress: q. v.: kṛcchram.
     II Of sea:
     1 praṇālī (?);
     2 sāgarasaṅkaraḥ (?).

STRAIT-LACED: Fig.: v. Rigid, strict.

STRAIT-WAIST-COAT: vastrabaddhaḥ (?).

STRAITEN: bādhate (bādh, c. 1.): v. To torment. Ph.: s. d circumstances: kṛcchram: v. Distress.

STRAITLY: saṃkīrṇam: v. Closely, narrowly.

STRAND:
     I Subs.: tīram: v. Shore.
     II Verb.: v. To ground.

STRANGE (adj.):
     I Foreign: q. v.: videśīya (f. ).
     II Another's: q. v.: parakīya (f. ).
     III New: q. v.:
     1 apūrva (f. rvā);
     2 citra (f. trā): v. Wonderful.
     IV Odd.: q. v.: aparūpa (f. ).

STRANGE (exclam.): citram, s. it was not satiated citramāpadapatṛṣṇatāṃ na sā, N. xviii. 124.; s., very s., some divine (being) is rising from it: citraṃ citramudeti ko'pyayamito divyaḥ, Vi. v. 33.

STRANGELY: citram: v. Also wonderfully.

STRANGENESS:
     1 vicitratā;
     2 vaicitryam: v. Also wonderfulness, unusuality, novelty, oddness.

STRANGER:
     I Lit.:
     1 āgantuka (f. ): v. New-comer;
     2 vaideśika (f. ): v. Foreigner.
     II Not acquainted with: aparicita (f. ): v. Acquaintance.

STRANGLE, STRANGULATE: kaṇṭhaṃ mardayitvā or nipīḍya mārayati (c. of mṛ): v. Also suffocate.

STRANGULATION: expr. by verb: v. Also suffocation.

STRAP:
     I Subs.: carmapaṭṭaḥ and sim. comp. s.
     II Verb: carmapaṭṭena na āhanti (han, c. 2.): v. To strike.

STRAPPING (adj.): atipramāṇa (f. ṇā): v. Also tall.

STRANGURY: a disease: mūtrakṛcchram.

STRATEGEM: chalam: v. Deceit, pretext, artifice.

STRATEGIC: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. Also skilful.

STRATEGICALLY: kauśalena: v. Skilfully, artfully.

STRATEGY: yuddhakauśalam: v. Skill.

STRATIFIED: perh. starībhūta (f. ).

STRATUM: staraḥ: v. Layer.

STRAW (subs.):
     I Of corn:
     1 palaḥ;
     2 palālaḥ;
     3 nālaḥ.
     II Fig.: tṛṇam, not to care a s. for: na tṛṇāya manyate: v. To care. Ph.: a (man) of s.: akiñcana (f. ).

STRAWBERRY: a plant and its fruit: *koṣajambuḥ.

STRAY (adj.):
     1 unmukta (f. ktā);
     2 āgantuka (f. = strange), Mit.;
     3 yūthabhraṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), and sim. comp.s (= separated from a flock).

STRAY (v.): itastataścarati (cara, c. 1.): v. Also to wander.

STREAK:
     I Subs.: rekhā: v. Stripe.
     II Verb.: expr. by subs.

STREAKY: rekhābhiścitritaḥ (f. ); kalmāṣita (f. ): v. Striped.

STREAM (subs.):
     I Of water:
     1 srotas (n.), tasting waters of s. s: payaḥ srotasāmupayujya, Me. i. 13.;
     2 sarit (f.), making s. s shallow: saritaḥ kurvatī gādhāḥ, R. iv. 24.: v. Also river.
     II Current: q. v.: srotas.
     III Flow: q. v.: dhārā.

STREAM (v.): varṣati abhi- (vṛṣ, c. 1.=to shower): v. Also to pour.

STREAMER:
     I A flag: q. v.: vaijayantī.
     II A stream of light: *ālokapravāhaḥ.

STREAMLET:
     1 kusarit (f.), H.;
     2 kṣudrasarit and sim. comp.s.

STREET:
     1 rājapatha: and sim. comp.s. (=royal s.), the high s. is frequented by jackals: sa vāhyate rājapathaḥ śivābhiḥ, R. xvi. 12.;
     2 mahāpathaḥ and sim. comp.s. (= big road), its s. s were strewed with coral flowers: santānakākīrṇamahāpathaṃ tat, Ku. vii. 3.;
     3 rathyā (= carriage road), in every s.: pratirathyam, Si. 31. iii.: v. Road, way.

STRENGTH:
     I In gen.:
     1 balam, for possessing s.: balaśālitayā, Ki.; to know from me the s. and weakness of the three objects: itastrivargabalalāghavajñānam, D. ii.; these are the eight-fold s. (of a state): tadaṣṭāṅgabalaṃ smṛtam, Mah. xii. 121. 44.;
     2 vīryam, (=manliness), equal to Vishṇu in s.: viṣṇunā sadṛśo vīrye, Ram. 21.;
     3 śaktiḥ (power), or if he has s, away with begging: ayāsti śaktiḥ kṛtameva yācñayā, Ki. xiv. 20.;
     4 sāmarthyam (=3), to take up s.: sāmarthyamavalambate, M.n.;
     5 prāṇatā (physical), wonderful s.: vismayajananī prāṇatā, K.;
     6 ojas (of style), Kav.
     II Force measured: expr. by kiyat (=how many, etāvat) (= so many), etc.: q. v. Ph.: on the s. of: ū(u)rī- or urarīkṛtya (with acc.).

STRENGTHEN:
     I Trans.:
     1 prabalayati (nomi.), s. s spirit: satvaṃ prabalayati, Vi. ii. 15.;
     2 prabalīkaroti;
     3 by adj.: v. Strong: v. Also confirmed.
     II Intrans.: prabalībhavati.

STRENGTHENING (adj.):
     1 balya (f. lyā);
     2 balavarddhana (f. );
     3 balaprada (f. ).

STRENUOUS:
     1 sotsāha (f. ): v. Zealous; sāgraha (f. ): v. Persistent;
     3 pragalbha (f. lbhā): v. Bold.

STRENUOUSLY:
     1 sotsāham;
     2 sāgraham;
     3 pragalbham: v. adj.

STRENOUSNESS:
     1 utsāhaḥ: v. Zeal;
     2 āgrahaḥ: v. Persistency.

STRESS:
     I Pressure: bhāraḥ.
     II Emphasis: gurutvam.

STRETCH (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 prasārayati (c. of, sṛ), s. ing the arms: prasārya hastau, Mah.; to s. thread: sūtraṃ prasārayati, Mat.;
     2 lambayati (c. of lamb = elongate), who will stretch (his) hand to take it: ko lambayedāharaṇāya hastam: v. Spread.
     II Fig.: perh. prasārayati.
     III vistārayati (c. of stṝ), s. ing the body: aṅgaṃ vistārya, Vi. v. 53.

STRETCH (v. i.): prasarati: (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To spread.

STRETCH (subs.):
     I The act: prasāraṇam.
     II Extent: q. v.: prasaraḥ.
     III Effort: q. v.: yatnaḥ.

STRETCHER:
     I Litter: śivikā.
     II In boats etc.: piṇḍikā.

STREW: kirati vi- pra- ava- ā- (kṝ, c. 6.) ; v. To scatter.

STRICT: perh. aśithila (f. ) in every sense ; v. Also severe, firm, nice.

STRICTLY: aśithilam. (?): v. Also severely, firmly, nicely.

STRICTNESS: aśaithilyam (?): v. Severity, firmness, nicety.

STRICTURE:
     I Censure: q. v.: bhartsanā.
     II In medicine: urethral s.: mūtragranthiḥ, Bha.

STRIDE:
     I Subs.: vikramaḥ: v. Step.
     II Verb: krāmati (kram, c. 1.).: v. Also to advance, cross.

STRIFE: kaliḥ: v. Quarrel, dispute.

STRIKE (v. t.):
     I To hit.:
     1 hanti abhi- upa- ā- parā- samā- vi-, (han, c. 2.), s. ing him on the breast with the knee: enaṃ vakṣasyāhatya jānunā, V. p. v. 20. 65.; s. back: pratihanti, Ki. xviii. 1.; s. ing the ball: kandukaṃ samāhatya, D. vi. (not of musical instruments);
     2 praharati saṃ- (hṛ, c. 1.), struck him on the breast with a knife: churikayorasi prāhārṣam, D. ii.;
     3 tāḍayati abhi-, (taḍ, c. 10.), "śroturvitantrīriva tāḍyamānāḥ" Ku. i. 45.
     II Of clocks etc.: it s. s one: *eko vādyate.
     III To stamp, coin (money): ṭaṅkayati (ṭaṅk, c. 10.).
     IV Of plants: s. ing root deep: sthirabaddhamūlaḥ (lā laṃ).
     V To lower, let down, as of sail: pātayati ava-, (c. of pat).
     VI To affect, impress strongly:
     1 upahanti;
     2 abhi-plāvayati saṃ- vi- (c. of pla), struck with fear: bhayaviplutam, Ki. xiii. 24.
     VII To afflict: to s. blind: andhīkaroti; to be struck dumb: mūkībhavati, etc.
     VIII To produce: q. v.: janayati (jan, c. 10.). Ph.: to s. sail i. e. to stop: q. v.; to s. account i. e. to balance: q. v.; to s. ground: bhūmau lagati; it s. s me: idaṃ me pratibhāti.

STRIKE: (v. i.):
     I Lit.: v. (v. t. l.); s. against: pratihanti.
     II To be stranded: bhūmau etc. lagati (lag, c. 1.).
     III To quit work: perh. saṃhatāḥ karma parityajanti.
     IV To lower flag: q. v.

STRIKE DOWN (v.): pātayati ava- (c. of pat) ; v. To fall.

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STRIKE FOR: pratiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.): v. To set out.

STRIKE IN:
     I To come in: samupagacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     II To interrupt: q. v.: v. Also to strike (III).
     III With with: v. To side.

STRIKE OFF:
     I To erase, deduct: q. v.: śodhayati (c. of śudh).
     II To print: q. v.
     III Cut off: q. v.: vighaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ), Vi. iii. 49.

STRIKE OUT:
     I As fire: nighṛṣya or ghaṭṭayitvā janayati (c. of jan).
     II To erase, obliterate: q. v.: lumpati (lup, c. 6.).
     III To contrive, invent: q. v.: kalpayati (c. of kḷp).
     IV To wander: q. v.

STRIKE THROUGH: bhinatti (bhid, c. 7.).: v. To pierce, penetrate.

STRIKE UP:
     I To strike: q. v.
     II To begin: q. v.: prastauti (stu, c. 2.).

STRIKE (subs.):
     I Bushel: q. v.
     II Combination: sambhūya karmaparityāgaḥ.

STRIKER:
     1 tāḍayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 āsphālayitṛ (f. trī) (=harper).

STRIKING (adj.):
     I vicitra (f. trā): v. Wonderful; s. shade: bhūyiṣṭā chāyā, U. vi.

STRIKINGLY: citram: v. Wonderfully.

STRING (v.):
     I Gen.:
     1 grathnāti (granth, c. 9.), strung the garland of speech: vacaḥsrajaṃ jagrantha, N. xiv. 13.; s. together: saṃgrathnāti, K.;
     2 gumphati (gumph, c. 1.), another s. ing flowers: aparā sumanaso gumphati, M. i.
     II To furnish with s. s:
     1 perh. tantrayati (nomi.);
     2 tantrībhiḥ or guṇairākalayati or badhnāti (kal, c. 10 or bandh, c. 9.).

STRING (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 guṇaḥ, bow-s.: dhanurguṇaḥ, H.; constantly harping the s. s of the lyre: ajasnamāsphālitavallakīguṇaḥ, Si. i. 9.; like clouds in autumn with s. s of lightning: ghanaṃ ghanānte taḍitāṃ guṇairiva, Si. i. 7.;
     2 tantraḥ (-ntrī), (a lute) with seven s.s: saptatantrī; like a bad s. ed (lute): vitantrīriva, Ku. i. 45.;
     3 tantuḥ (=thread: q. v. ), with s.s of creepers: vallītantubhiḥ, Si. i. 45.;
     4 rajjuḥ (=rope: q. v. ).
     II Human: śirā śirābhiriva parigato vratatibhiḥ, K.
     III A series, succession: q. v.: tatiḥ.

STRINGENCY: kaṭhoratā: v. Severity, strictness, hardness.

STRINGENT: kaṭhora (f. ): v. Severe, hard, strict.

STRINGENTLY:
     1 kaṭhoram: v. Hardly;
     2 dṛḍham: v. Firmly.

STRINGY:
     I Lit.: tantumaya (f. ).
     II Sticky: śyāna (f. ).

STRIP (v.t.):
     1 by comp. with vi- nir-, or apa-, to s. the clothes off: vivastrayati; to s. the bark off: vivalkayati; to s. the leaves off: niṣpatrayati, Mah.; a s. ped sword: vikoṣo'siḥ, Ki. xvii. 45.; s. ped of the bow: vikārmuka (f. ), Ki. xvii. 53.; s. ped off, of skin: apatvac (mfn.), D. vii.; s. ped of water: apapayas (mfn.), Ki. v. 12.;
     2 harati (hṛ, c. 1. = to deprive of: q. v.).

STRIP (v.i.): vivastrībhavati: v. To undress.

STRIP (subs.): khaṇḍa (mn.): v. Piece.

STRIPE (subs.):
     I =Line: re(le)khā, variegated with black, yellow, green and pink s. s.: asitapītaharitapāṭalābhirlekhābhiḥ kalmāṣita (f. ), K.; s.s of striking the bow-string: jyāghātarekhe, R. vi. 55.
     II Stroke: kaśāghātaḥ and sim. comp.s.; deserving s.: kaśārha (f. rhā) or kaśya (f. śyā).

STRIPE (v.):
     I With lines: le(re)khābhiḥ kalmāṣayati (nomi.).
     II To lash:
     1 kaśāghātaṃ karoti;
     2 kaśayā tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.).

STRIPLING: śiśuḥ: v. Child, youth.

STRIVE:
     I To endeavour, attempt: q. v.: yatate pra- (yat, c. 1.), some s. s after success: kaścid yatati siddhaye, G. vii. 3.
     II With against: pratikūlayati (nomi.): v. To oppose (II).
     III To vie: q. v.: sparddhate (sparddh, c. 1.).

STRIVING:
     I Subs.: yatnaḥ: v. Attempt, endeavour.
     II Adj.: yatnavat (f. ) and sim. comp.s: v. Active.

STROKE (subs.):
     I Lit.;
     1 āghātaḥ;
     2 abhighātaḥ;
     3 āhatiḥ (rare), s. of arm: bhujāhatiḥ, Ki. xviii. 3.;
     4 kṣepaḥ (=throw: as of oars);
     5 pātaḥ (= fall: as of thunder).
     II A line: rekhā: q. v. Ph.; with a s. of the pen: *ekenaiva kalamena.
     III Sudden attack: q. v.: āveśaḥ.
     IV Masterly effort: prayatnaḥ. Ph.: s. of policy: nītikauśalam; upon the s. of ten: daśaghaṭikā vādyate (?); to keep s. (in rowing) yathātathaṃ kṣipati (?).

STROKE (v.):
     1 parāmṛśati (mṛś, c. 6.), s. ing his body: tadīyamaṅgaṃ parāmṛśan, R. iii. 68.;
     2 spṛśati (spṛś, c. 6. = to touch).

STROLL (v.): parikrāmati or krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.), tell the soldiers not to s. about on the skirts of the hermitage: ucyantāṃ sainikā na kaiścidāśramāmyarṇabhūmayaḥ parikrāmyantāmiti, Vi. i.

STROLL (subs.): parikramaḥ -ṇam: v. Also ramble, wandering.

STROLLER: parivrājaka (f. jikā): v. Also rambler, wanderer.

STRONG:
     I In gen.:
     1 balavat (f. ), being s.: balavānapi, Ki. ii. 37.; men are s. with money: dhanena balavān lokaḥ, H.; s. thirst: balavatī pipāsā, K.; by s. er fate: balīyasā vidhinā, Ki. xiv. 63.;
     2 prabala (f. ), to destroy the s. enemy: praṇāśanāya prabalasya vidviṣaḥ, R. iii. 60.; s. pain: prabalā vedanā, K.;
     3 ūrjita (f. ), s. bow: ūrjitaṃ dhanuḥ, R. xi. 64.; s. lustre: ūrjitaṃ tejaḥ, Ve. i.; (language) s. like the ruffled sea: kṣubhitodanvadūrjitam, Ki. ii. 40.;
     4 ūrjasvala (f. ), those s. horses and elephants: ūrjasvalaṃ hastituraṅgametat, B. iii. 55.;
     5 vīryavat (f. ): v. Valiant, powerful;
     6 balaśālin (f. ) and sim. comp s. (physically). Ph.: a naturally s. fortress: prakṛtyā surakṣitaṃ durgam, Mah. iii. 15. 17.
     II Able, competent: q. v.: kṣama (f. ), s. for his work: ātmakarmakṣama (f. ), R. i. 13.
     III Firm, resolute: dṛḍha (f. ḍhā).
     IV Sharp (as of smell): q. v.: ugra (f. grā).
     V Deep (as of colour): q. v.: gāḍha (f. ḍhā).
     VI Undecayed: q. v.: akṣīṇa (f. ṇā).
     VII =numbering: q. v.:1000 s.: sahasrasaṃkhyaka (f. ). S. er- superior: q. v. To make s.: balaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.=give or varddhayati, c. of vṛdh =increase).

STRONG-BODIED, STRONG-BUILT:
     1 māṃsala (f. );
     2 dṛḍhāṅga (f. ṅgī);
     3 vajrasaṃhanana (f. ); etc.

STRONGHOLD: koṭaḥ: v. Fort.

STRONGLY:
     1 balavat: v. Forcibly;
     2 dṛḍham: v. Firmly.

STRONG-MINDED:
     1 ūrjitamanas (mfn.);
     2 bṛhanmanas (mfn.); etc.

STRONG-SMELLING:
     1 ugragandhi (mfn.);
     2 tīkṣṇagandha (f. ndhā); and sim. comp.s.

STROP: perh. carmaṭha (mn.: comp. cāmṭhī): v. Also strap.

STRUCTURE:
     I Organization: saṃsthānam.
     II Building: q. v.: bhavanam.

STRUCTURAL: expr. by comp.

STRUGGLE:
     I To exert: q. v.: yatnaṃ karoti.
     II To contend:
     1 anyonyaṃ tāḍayati (=to strike one another);
     2 yudhyate (yudh, c. 4. =to fight).

STRUGGLE (subs.):
     I Contest:
     1 yuddham (= fighting);
     2 vivādaḥ (= quarrel).
     II Great effort:
     1 prayāsaḥ;
     2 better by circumlo.

STRUMPET:
     1 bandhakī;
     2 puṃścalī: v. Prostitute.

STRUT:
     I Verb: sāṭopaṃ calati (cal, c. 1.), s. up and down: sāṭopaṃ parikrāmati (kram, c. 1.).
     II Subs: sāṭopagatiḥ and sim. comp. s.

STUBBLE: nālaḥ -lī: v. Straw, stump.

STUBBORN:
     1 durdānta (f. ntā);
     2 pratīpa (f. ): v. Refractory, obstinate.

STUBBORNLY:
     1 nirvandhena (=obstinately);
     2 niravagraham.

STUBBORNNESS:
     1 durdāntatā;
     2 niravagrahatā: v. Obstinacy.

STUCCO: sudhā -lepaḥ: v. Plaster.

STUD (subs.):
     1 a button: gaṇḍaḥ;
     2 horses: q. v.: aśvāḥ aśvīyam, etc.;
     3 their place: aśvaśālā and sim. comp. s., s. bred: perh. ājāneyaḥ.

STUD (v.): s. ded with stars: tārakita (f. ); s. ded with jewels: ratnakhacita (f. ): v. To set.

STUDENT:
     1 avyetṛ (f. trī);
     2 chātra (f. trī: v. Pupil);
     3 by verb.

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STUDIED (adj.):
     I Premeditated: q. v.: suniścita (f. ).
     II Learned: q. v.: adhītin (f. ).

STUDIO: karmaśālā and sim. comp.s.

STUDIOUS:
     I Given to study:
     1 adhyayanaśīla (f. );
     2 adhyayanaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā); etc.
     II Eager, diligent: q. v.: utsuka (f. ).

STUDIOUSLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by circumlo.
     II Zealously: q. v.: sāgraham.

STUDY (v.):
     I To learn, read: q. v.:
     1 adhīte (i, c. 2.), he s. ed this with me: etanmattaḥ so'dhijage, M. i. 59.; one who has s. ied all Śāstras: adhītasarvaśāsra (f. srā), K.; one who has s. ied the four Vedas: adhītī caturṣvāmnāyeṣu, D. v.;
     2 adhigacchati (gam, c. 1. = acquire: q. v. ).
     II To practise, learn by rote: q. v.: abhyasyati (as, c. 4.), do you s. archery: kaccidabhyasyate dhanurvedasya sūtram, Mah. ii. 5. 121.

STUDY (subs.):
     1 adhyayaḥ -nam, s. of the Vedas: vedādhyayanam, H.;
     2 āgamaḥ (rare), R. i. 15.;
     3 śikṣā (=learning);
     4 abhyāsaḥ (close s.), vedābhyāsajaḍaḥ, V. i. 9.
     II Room for s.: adhyayanaśālā and sim. comp.s.
     III Meditation, consideration: q. v.: carcā.

STUFF (subs.):
     I Thing, material: q. v.: vastu (n.).
     II Cloth: q. v.: paṭaḥ.
     III Household goods: gṛhasāmagrī.
     IV Nonsense, trash: q. v.

STUFF (v.):
     I To fill up: q. v.: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.), s. ing the belly: udarapūram.
     II To crowd: p.v.
     III To fill the belly: udaraṃ pūrayati.

STUFFING (subs.): i. e. seasoning: upaskaraḥ.

STULTIFY:
     1 mithyākaroti: v. To falsify;
     2 moghīkaroti: v. To frustrate.

STUMBLE:
     I Intrans.: skhalati pra-, (skhal, c. 1.), strike (a horse) on the loins if it s. s: jaghane skhalitaṃ hanyāt, M. n. on Si. v. 10.
     II Trans: skhalayati pra- (c. of skhal).

STUMBLE (subs.):
     1 skhalanam;
     2 skhalitam.

STUMBLING-BLOCK: it is a s. to many: atra bahavaḥ skhalanti.

STUMP: kanda (mn.), was formerly reduced like a tree to a s.: taruriva vihitaḥ kulyakandaḥ purābhūt, Vi. ii. 16. N. B. sthāṇuḥ = a tree with branches cut off.

STUN (v.): to be s.ned:
     1 muhyati (muh, c. 4.), others were s. ned: mumuhuḥ, Ku.;
     2 mūrcchati (mūrcch, c. 1.), he was s. ned by it: tenāmūrcchīdasau kṣataḥ, B. xv. 55.;
     3 by subs., the people were s. ned by the noise: niḥsvanena mūrcchevāmavajjanasya, K.

STUNT: vṛddhiṃ ruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.) or stambhayati (c. of stambh): v. To check.

STUPEFACTION: v. Stupor.

STUPEFY:
     1 jaḍayati (nomi.), s. ies the mind: antarjaḍayati, Ma. i. 31.; make even masters of speech dumb (i. e. s. them): vāgīśāśnapi mūkān kūrvate (jaḍayantītyarthaḥ), M n. on Si. ii. 25.;
     2 jaḍīkaroti, s. ied by the sight of Shiva: jaḍīkṛtastrayambakavīkṣaṇena, R. ii. 42.;
     3 niṣpandīkaroti, M.n.

STUPENDOUS:
     1 viśāla (f. ): v. Large;
     2 vismayakara (f. ): v. Wonderful.

STUPENDOUSNESS:
     1 viśālatā: v. Largeness;
     2 vismayakaratvam: v. Wonderfulness.

STUPID:
     I Of persons etc.:
     1 mūḍha (f. ḍhā): v. Foolish;
     2 manda (f. ndā): v. Slow;
     3 jaḍa (f. ḍā), very s.: atijaḍaḥ, Si. xv. 21.
     II Bad: q. v. Ph.: s. mistake: garīyan bhramaḥ.

STUPIDITY:
     1 mūrkhatā: v. Foolishness;
     2 jāḍyam, who completely removes s.: niḥśeṣajāḍyāpahā; to overcome s.: jaḍatāṃ jayati, Bha.

STUPIDLY:
     1 jāḍyena or jāḍyāt;
     2 mauḍhyena;
     3 mūrkhatayā.

STUPOR:
     1 jāḍyam;
     2 jaḍatā;
     3 jaḍatvam;
     4 jaḍiman (m.): to cause s.: jāḍyaṃ janayati; internal s.: antarjaḍimā, Gi. vi. 10.

STURDINESS:
     1 ūrjasvalatvam: v. Strength;
     2 kaṭhoratā: v. Hardness.

STURDY:
     I Stout, hard: q. v.
     II Violent: q. v.

STURGEON: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

STUTTER: v. Stammer. S. er: v. Stammerer.

STY:
     I For pigs: śūkaraśālā.
     II A tumour: añjanam -nī- (nikā), Bha.

STYLE (subs.):
     I Method, kind: rītiḥ, the Gauḍa s.: gauḍī rītiḥ, Kav.
     II A pencil: lekhanī.

STYLE (v.): vadati (vad, c. 1.): v. To call, name. S. d: expr. by comps.: v. Name, term.

STYLISH: śobhana (f. ): v. Elegant, fashionable.

STYPTIC: raktarodhin (f. ), and sim. comp. s.

STYX: a river: vaitaraṇī.

SUAVITY:
     1 manojñatā: v. Pleasantness;
     2 mādhuryam: v. SWEETNESS.

SUBALTERN (subs.): anucaraḥ (?): v. Attendant.

SUBDIVIDE: pravibhajati (bhaj, c. 1.): v. To divide.

SUBDIVISION:
     1 pravibhāgaḥ, R. xvi. 2.: v. Division, branch.

SUBDUE:
     I Lit.:
     1 vaśīkaroti: v. To subjugate;
     2 vijayate (ji, c. 1.): v. To conquer.
     II To control, restrain: q. v.: niyacchati (yam, c. 1.).

SUBJACENT: adhaḥstha (f. sthā), and sim. comp.s.

SUBJECT (subs.):
     I As opposed to sovereign:
     1 prajā, quieting s. s like (his) own children: prajāḥ prajāḥ svā iva sāntvayitvā, Sa. v.;
     2 prakṛtiḥ (rare) everyone among his s. s: sarvaḥ prakṛtiṣu, R. viii. 3.
     II Philo.: viṣayin (m.), of s. and object: viṣayaviṣayiṇoḥ, S.
     III A matter of theme: q. v.: viṣayaḥ.
     IV In gram:
     1 kartṛ (m. when nomi.):
     2 uddeśya (f. śayā as distinguished from vidheya = predicate).
     V Hero of a piece: nāyakaḥ (f. yikā).

SUBJECT (adj.):
     1 vaśavartin (f. ) and sim. comp. s, he conquered kings and made them s.: sa vijitya mahīpālāṃścakāra vaśavartinaḥ. Mah. i. 71. 129.;
     2 vaśa (f. śā), made the country s.: deśaṃ vaśaṃ cakre, Mah. ii. 30. 4.; everybody is s. to death: sarvaḥ kālavaśaṃ yāti, Mah. xii. 152. 43. (sarveṇa khalu martavyam, 12.: v. Must): v. Also dependant, depend, possess.

SUBJECT (v.):
     I To subjugate: q. v.: vaśīkaroti.
     II To expose, make liable: expr. by circumlo., cowardice s. s people in danger: vipado'bhibhavantyavikramam, Ki. ii. 14.; foolish men s. themselves to passion: mūḍho madanenāyāsyate, K.; God, without any effort, s. s men to ridicule: ayatnenaiva khalūpahāsāspadatāmīśvaro nayati, K.: v. Also to attack, possess.

SUBJECTION:
     I The act:
     1 by verb;
     2 vaśīkaraṇam (= subjugation).
     II The state:
     1 vaśayatā, my s. and your holding me under s: vaśitvaṃ vo vaśayatā ca mama, Vi. v.;
     2 vaśam (with a verb), bringing Karṇa under s.: karṇaṃ vaśe kṛtvā, Mah. ii. 30. 20.; when a son is under s.: asti putro vaśe yasya, J.; then they will come under my s.: vaśameṣyanti me tadā, H. i.

SUBJECTIVE, -LY: expr. by circumlo.: v. Subject, self.

SUBJECTIVITY: viṣayiniṣṭhatā; better by circumlo.

SUBJOIN: nimne likhati (likh, c. 6.): v. Also to add.

SUBJUGATE:
     1 vaśīkaroti, what quarters have not been s. d: kā diśo na vaśīkṛtāḥ, K.;
     2 vaśīkaroti;
     3 vaśaṃ nayati (, c. 1.).

SUBJUGATION:
     1 vaśīkaraṇam;
     2 by verb.

SUBJUNCTIVE: āśaṃsāvācaka (f. cikā).

SUBLIMATE: of mercury: rasakarpūraḥ.

SUBLIME: tuṅga (f. ṅgā), Si. ii. 39.: v. High, lofty.

SUBLIMELY:
     1 tuṅgabh or ut-;
     2 expr. by comp. or circumlo.

SUBLIMITY: tuṅgatā(tvam), K. ii. 60.: v. Loftiness, elevation.

SUBLUNARY: aihika (f. ).

SUBMARINE: sāmudrika (f. ): v. Marine.

SUBMERGE: plāvayati (c. of plu): v. To plunge.

SUBMERSION: plāvanam: Also immersion.

SUBMISSION:
     I Subjection, obedience: q. v.:
     1 praṇatiḥ (= bowing);
     2 anuvṛttiḥ (= following).
     II Resignation, yielding: expr. by verb.

SUBMISSIVE:
     1 praṇatipravaṇa (f. ṇā), Ki. ii. 44.;
     2 vaśaya (f. śayā), and a wife not s.: strī cāvaśā, H. ii. 182.: v. Subject;
     3 vacanakara (f. ): v. Obedient.

SUBMISSIVELY:
     1 praṇipatya (= bowing);
     2 by adj.

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SUBMIT:
     I To yield: q. v.:
     1 vaśaṃ gacchati;
     2 praṇamati (nam, c. 1.=to bow), do not always s. to Duryodhana: na praṇamanti sadā suyodhanam, Ki. ii. 44.: v. Also to obey.
     II To refer: q. v.: upacchandayati (chand, c. 10.).

SUBORDINATE (adj., subs.):
     1 adhīna (f. = dependant: q. v.);
     2 adhastana (f. = lower);
     3 apraghāna (f. = not chief).

SUBORDINATE (v.):
     1 vaśaṃ nayati (, c. 1. = subject);
     2 saṃyacchati (yam, c. 1. = restrain, with ins.).

SUBORDINATION:
     I Subjection: q. v.: vaśyatā.
     II Inferiority: q. v.: apradhānatā.

SUBORN: to s. witness: kauṭasākṣyaṃ karoti or dāpayati (c. of ).

SUBPOENA:
     I Subs.: āhnānapatram.
     II Verb: āhnayati (hne, c. 1.).

SUBSCRIBE (v.):
     I Lit.: nimne nāma likhati (likh, c. 6.) or niveśayati (c. of viś).
     II Promise to pay or take: dātuṃ grahītuṃ vā pratijanīte (jñā, c. 9.).
     III To assent: svīkaroti (with acc.).

SUBSCRIBER:
     I Lit.: expr. by the verb.:
     II As of paper: grāhaka (f. hikā).

SUBSCRIPTION:
     I Act: expr. by verb.: v. Also signature.
     II Sum subscribed: perh. chandaḥ (com. cāṃdā).

SUBSEQUENT:
     1 paścāt in comp.;
     2 paścima (f. : rare);
     3 by adverb.

SUBSEQUENTLY:
     1 paścāt: v. Afterwards;
     2 ita ūrddham;
     3 upariṣṭāt: v. Hereafter.

SUBSERVE: anukūlayati: v. To promote, assist, serve.

SUBSERVIENCE (y): nighnatā: v. Dependence, subjection.

SUBSERVIENT: nivna (f. ghnā): v. Dependent, useful.

SUBSIDE:
     I To settle: q. v.
     II To cease: q. v.: śāmyati pra- (śam, c. 4.), when the wind s. d: vāte śamatāṃ gate, Mah. iii. 143. 22.

SUBSIDENCE (Y.): expr. by verb: v. To subside, settle.

SUBSIDIARY:
     1 sahakārin (f. ṇī): v. Auxi- liary, assistant;
     2 anukūla (f. ): v. Favourable.

SUBSIDY:
     1 sāhāyyam: v. Assistance;
     2 karaḥ: v. Tribute.

SUBSIST:
     I To exist: q. v.
     II To live, be maintained: q. v.: jīvati upa- (jīv, c. 1.).

SUBSISTENCE:
     I Existence: q. v.: avasthitiḥ.
     II Livelihood, maintenance: q. v.: jīvanam, to give s.: jīvanaṃ dadāti; Da. 129.

SUBSTANCE:
     I Essence: q. v.: sāraḥ.
     II Thing: q. v.: vastu (n.).
     III In phil.:
     1 dravyam;
     2 padārthaḥ, Par.;
     3 dharmin (m.: rare), S.
     IV Form, matter: q. v.: mūrtiḥ.
     V Property, goods: q. v.: sampattiḥ.

SUBSTANTIAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 cāstava (f. ); vāstavika (f. :) v. Real, material, corporeal.
     II Fig.:
     1 sāravat (f. );
     2 sasāra (f. ): v. Valid, rich, strong.

SUBSTANTIALITY:
     I Lit.:
     1 vāstavam, S. p. b. ii. 5.;
     2 vāstavatvam;
     3 vāstavikatvam.
     II Fig.:
     1 sāravattā;
     2 sasāratāṃ.

SUBSTANTIALLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 vāstavam;
     2 vastutaḥ.
     II Fig.: v. Richly, thoroughly.

SUBSTANTIATE: pramāṇayati (nomi.): v. To establish, verify.

SUBSTANTIVE:
     I Subs.:
     1 satvam, H. c.;
     2 viśeṣyam, A.
     II Solid, firm: q. v.:

SUBSTITUTE (subs.):
     I Of men:
     1 pratinidhiḥ v. Agent; pratihasta -kaḥ, there can be no s. s in procreating children: putrasyotpādane na santi pratihastakāḥ, H. ii. 33.
     II In gen.:
     1 expr. by verb or circumlo.;
     2 sthānīya (f. = occupying the place of), devaṃ pitṛmātṛsthānīyamāgato'smi, D. v.

SUBSTITUTE (v.):
     1 parivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To change, exchange;
     2 sthāne niveśayati (c. of viś =to put: q. v.), s. d Sugriva for him: tatpade sugrīvaṃ saṃnyaveśayat, R. xii. 58.; Ādesha is one word s. d for another: ādeśo nāma śabdāntarasya sthāne vidhīyamānaṃ śabdāntaram, M. n.

SUBSTITUTION:
     1 parivartanam (= changing);
     2 by verb, like the s. of changes for roots: dhātoḥ sthāna ivādeśam, R. xii. 58.

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SUBTERFUGE: chalam: v. Artifice, pretext.

SUBTERRANEAN:
     1 bhauma (f. );
     2 bhūmi- in comp., s. house: bhūmigṛham, D. iv.;
     3 antarbhauma (f. ).

SUBTLE:
     I Fine, deep: q. v.: sūkṣma (f. kṣmā).
     II Cunning, artful: q. v.: catura (f. ).

SUBTLETY:
     I Fineness, deepness: q. v.: sūkṣamatā.
     II Artfulness: q. v.: caturatā.

SUBTLY:
     I Finely, deeply: q. v.: sūkṣmam.
     II Artfully: q. v.: caturam.

SUBTRACT:
     1 viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.), by s. ing: viyojite, Li.;
     2 vyavakalayati.

SUBTRACTION:
     1 vyavakalitam, addition and s.: saṅkalitavyavakalite, Li.;
     2 vyavakalanam, Vij.;
     3 viyogaḥ or viyojanam, Li.

SUBURB:
     1 parisaraḥ, in the s. s of the city: purīparisareṣu, B. r. vi. 3. 4.;
     2 upaśalyam, in s. s: upaśalye, R. xvi. 37; nagaropakaṇṭhe, R. v. 61.

SUBURBAN: śākhānagara- in comps.

SUBVERSION:
     1 unmūlanam;
     2 vidhvaṃsaḥ: v. Destruction.

SUBVERSIVE: expr. by verb.

SUBVERT:
     1 unmūlayati: v. Irradicate;
     2 dhvaṃsayati (c. of dhvaṃs): v. To destroy;
     3 khaṇḍayati (khaṇḍ, c. 10.).: v. To break.

SUCCEED (v. i.):
     1 siyati saṃ- (sidh, c. 4.), if one does not s. after striving there is no fault: yatne kṛte yadi na sidhyati ko'tra doṣaḥ, H. i. 31. wellplanned actions s.: sivyanti kāryāṇi sumantritāni, B. xii. 14.;
     2 niṣpadyate (pad, c. 4. = to be accomplished: q. v.), I have not s. ed in the princely work I started: rājadharmaḥ pravartito naniṣpannaḥ, K.;
     3 sādhayati (c. of sidh = to accomplish: of men: with acc.), go and s. in your wish: api sādhaya sādhayepsitam, N. ii. 62.; you can go everywhere and succeed (in everything): tvaṃ sarvatogāmi ca sādhakañca, Ku. iii. 12.

SUCCEED (v. t.): s. ing his father (to the sovereignty) of northern Koshala: pituranantaramuttarakośalān samadhigamya, R. ix. 1.; the child born of me s. you: mayi jāyeta yaḥ putraḥ sa bhavettvadanantaraḥ, Mah. i. 70. 75.; shower s. ing thunder: garjitānantarā vṛṣṭiḥ, Ku. ii. 53.: v. After, to get, to come, to follow.

SUCCEEDING (adj.):
     1 para (f. = next: q. v.);
     2 āgāmin (f. = coming).

SUCCESS:
     1 siddhiḥ saṃ-, s. comes to those who persevere: abhiyogabhājāmaṅkamupaiti siddhiḥ, Ki. iii. 40.;
     2 kṛtārthatā or caritārthatā (= satisfaction after accomplishment of an object), surely the general had greater s.: kṛtārthatā nanvadhikā camūpateḥ, Ki. xiv. 17.;
     3 sāphalyam (= fruitfulness), showing s.: sāphalyaṃ kṛtvā, Ki. xvi. 49.

SUCCESSFUL:
     I Of persons:
     1 siddhārtha (f. rthā), for those who patiently tried do not return without being s.: asiddhārthā nivartante na hi dhīrāḥ kṛtodyamāḥ, K. s. xxvi. 114.;
     2 kṛtin (f. ), you cannot consider yourself s. without conquering Raghu: na khalvanirjitya raghuṃ kṛtī bhavān, R. iii. 51.;
     3 kṛtakṛtya (f. tyā = 2).
     II Of things:
     1 siddha (f. ddhā), our attempt has been s.: siddhaṃ naḥ samīhitam, H.;
     2 siddhimat (f. ), N.;
     3 siddhiśaktika (f. ), Com.;
     4 saphala (f. = fruitful: q. v.).

SUCCESSFULLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

SUCCESSION:
     I The act: expr. by verb: v. To succeed (v. t.)
     II Sequence: q. v.: ānantaryam.
     III Right to succeed:
     1 uttarādhikāraḥ or -ritā -tvam;
     2 by verb.
     IV Series, order: q. v.: paramparā.

SUCCESSIVE:
     1 kramabaddha (f. ddhā);
     2 kramika or ānu- (f. ).

SUCCESSIVELY:
     1 krameṇa kramataḥ or kramaśaḥ;
     2 anukramam, or -śaḥ;
     3 anekaśaḥ (= repeatedly: q. v.).

SUCCESSOR:
     1 anantara (f. );
     2 uttarādhikārin (f. ṇī = heir);
     3 pratyanantara (f. ), M. viii. 185.

SUCCINCT:
     1 saṃkṣipta (f. ptā): v. Concise;
     2 viśada (f. ): v. Clear.

SUCCINCTLY:
     1 saṃkṣiptam: v. Concisely;
     2 viśadam: v. Clearly.

SUCCORY: a plant: kāsanī (Williams).

SUCCOUR:
     I Subs.: sāhāyyam: v. Help.
     II Verb: expr. by subs.

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SUCCULENCE: sarasatā: v. Al o juice.

SUCCULENT: sarasa (f. ): v. Also juice.

SUCCUMB: na atyeti (i, c. 2.), s. ed under the disease: gadaṃ nātyagāt, R. xix. 53.: v. To pass.

SUCH:
     1 tādṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ) or tādṛś (mfn.). (=of that kind), s. Kurus: tādṛśāḥ kuravaḥ, Mah. iv. 68. 37.; there was s. a sage: āsīttādṛśo muniḥ, D. ii.;
     2 īdṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ) or īdṛś (mfn.). (= of this kind), in s. fire of litigation: īdṛśe vyavahārāgnau, Mr. ix. 39.; a speaker who is not of s. a mind: yo vaktā nedṛgāśayaḥ, Ki. xi. 41.;
     3 etādṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ) or etādṛś (mfn.=2.);
     4 evaṃvidha, (dhā dhaṃ =2.), s. personages: evaṃvidhā mūrtayaḥ, K.;
     5 tathāvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ = 1.), s. love and s. a husband: tathāvidhaṃ prema patiśca tādṛśaḥ, Ku. v. 2.; s. and s.: amukaḥ (kā kaṃ); in s. and s. a time, in s. and s. a place: amukasmin kāle amukasmin deśe, He. S. as myself: mādṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), mādṛś (mfn.), or madvidhaḥ (dhā dhaṃ), N. iii. 71. S. as yourself: tvādṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ), tvādṛś (mfn.), bhavādṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ) etc., Ki. i. 43.

SUCK (v.):
     I As children: stanam or stanyaṃ pibati (, c. 1.) or dhayati (dhe, c. 1.). thirst for s.ing: stanyapāne pipāsā, J.
     II In gen.:
     1 cūṣati or coṣati (cuṣ, c. 1.), and with various (dishes) for s. ing: coṣyaiśca vividhaiḥ, Man. ii. 4. 3.;
     2 pibati, (= drink), which s. s by the root (tree): pādapaḥ.

SUCKER:
     1 coṣaka (f. ṣikā);
     2 cūṣayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 by verb.

SUCK, SUCKING (subs.): for s.: cūṣaṇārtham, Sr. vii.: v. Suction. To give s.: v. Suckle.

SUCKLE: stanam or stanyaṃ dadāti or pāyayati (, c. 3. or c. of ), Sr.; s. d. by jar-water: ghaṭastanaprasravaṇairvyavarddhayat, Ku. v. 14.

SUCKLING:
     I The act: stanyadānam.
     II A child:
     1 stanyapa (f. ), Sr.;
     2 stanandhaya (f. );
     3 stanapāyin (f. ); etc.

SUCTION:
     1 coṣaḥ;
     2 cṛ(co)ṣaṇam;
     3 pānam, s. of breast: stanapānam.

SUDDEN:
     1 ākasmika (f. ), s. noise: ākasmikaḥ svanaḥ, N. iii. 1.;
     2 by adv.

SUDDENLY:
     1 akasmāt;
     2 sahasā, Rama s. became filled with tears: babhūva rāmaḥ sahasā sabāṣpaḥ, R. xiv. 84.;
     3 drāk (=instantly: q. v.).

SUDDENNESS: ākasmikatvam -tā.

SUDORIFIC:
     1 svedana (f. ), pra-;
     2 svedajanana (f. ); etc.

SUDS: *sāvanajalam. and sim. comp.s.

SUE:
     I To entreat: q. v.: chandayati (chand, c. 10.).
     II To prosecute, inform: q. v.: abhiyuṃkte or -yojayati (yuja, c. 7. and 10.).

SUET:
     1 vasā;
     2 medaḥ.

SUFFER (v. t.):
     I To feel: q. v.: anubhavati.
     II To bear: q. v.: sahate (sah, c. 1.).
     III Undergo: q. v.: yāti, (, c. 2.).
     IV To allow, permit: q. v.: anujānāti.

SUFFER (v. i.):
     1 kliśyate (kliś, c. 4.);
     2 sīdati (sad, c. 1.), Ki. xiii. 60.

SUFFERABLE:
     1 sahya (f. hyā);
     2 sahanīya (f. );
     3 soḍhavya (f. vyā).

SUFFERANCE, SUFFERING:
     I Endurance: q. v.: sahanam.
     II Pain, distress: q. v.: kleśaḥ.

SUFFERED:
     1 kliṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), s. from disease: rogakliṣṭaḥ;
     2 duḥkhamāgin (f. = miserable).

SUFFICE: expr. by adj.: v. Sufficient.

SUFFICIENCY:
     1 paryāptiḥ;
     2 paryāptatā -tvam: v. Sufficient.

SUFFICIENT:
     1 paryāpta (f. ptā), s. for maintenance of servants: paryāptaṃ bhṛtyavṛttaye, M. xi. 7.: v. Enough;
     2 yatheṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) or yatheccha (f. cchā) (= as much as desired);
     3 pracura (f. = abundant).

SUFFICIENTLY:
     1 paryāptam;
     2 pracuram (= abundantly).

SUFFOCATE:
     1 śvāsaṃ ruṇaddhi ava- (rudh, c. 7.: with gen.);
     2 śvāsarodhaṃ karoti (with gen.).

SUFFOCATION:
     1 śvāsarodhaḥ;
     2 śvāsāvarodhaḥ, etc.

SUFFRAGAN: dharmanāyakaḥ: v. Bishop.

SUFFRAGE: sammatiḥ (?): v. Vote.

SUFFUSE: pariplavate upa- (plu, c. 1.), s. d with tears: aśrūpariplata (f. ); s. d with blushes: hnīparigata (f. ).

SUFFUSION: pariplabaḥ or -plutiḥ: v. Also to pervade.

[Page 689]

SUGAR (subs.):
     1 śarkarā, a doll made of s.: śārkarī putrikā, N. xvi. 163.;
     2 sitā, s. ed: sasita (f. ), Bha.

SUGAR (v.):
     I Lit.: expr. by subs.
     II To flatter: q. v.: "s. ed word": madhumayaṃ vākyam.

SUGAR-CANDY:
     1 sitākhaṇḍaḥ;
     2 khaṇḍamodakaḥ;
     3 mākṣikaśarkarā (?).

SUGAR-CANE: ikṣuḥ "plant s.": bāla ikṣuḥ; ripe s. juice: pakvekṣurasaḥ; scorched s.: pauṇḍraḥ -kaḥ; red s.: koṣakāraḥ; bamboo s.: vaṃśakaḥ; juicy s.: kāntāraḥ -kaḥ; etc., Bha.

SUGGEST:
     1 sūcayati (sūc, c. 10.): v. To indicate, intimate;
     2 lakṣayati (lakṣ, c. 10.): v. To show.

SUGGESTION:
     1 sūcanā (=indication);
     2 iṅgitam (=hint);
     3 protsāhaḥ (=instigation);
     4 by verb.

SUGGESTIVE:
     1 sūcaka (f. cikā =indicative);
     2 by verb.

SUICIDAL:
     1 expr. by comp.;
     2 ātmaghātin (f. ).

SUICIDE:
     I The act: ātmahatyā and sim. comp.s. To commit s.: prāṇān utsṛjati (sṛja, c. 6.=to quit life) and sim. expr. s., I will commit. s. by hanging: rajjvātmānamutsrakṣyāmi, K., udvadhyātmānaṃ vyāpādayiṣyāmi, Na. ii.
     II The person:
     1 ātmaghātin (f. );
     2 ātmahan (mfn.); etc.

SUIT (v. t.): yunakti or yuṃkte upa- (yuj, c. 7.), do not s. a poor husband: na gataśrīkaṃ martāramupayuñjīta, Mah. iii. 286. 18.; what is s. ed to any one: yad yena yujyate, H.

SUIT (v. i.):
     I To fit, become: q. v.: yujyate upa- (pass. of yuj).
     II To agree: q. v.

SUIT (subs.):
     I Law-suit: q. v.: kāryam.
     II Solicitation: q. v.: praṇayaḥ, Ki. xiii. 60.
     III
     III Of clothes:
     1 yugalam;
     2 mugmam.
     IV Set: q. v.

SUITABLE: upayukta (f. ktā): v. Proper, fit.

SUITABLENESS: upayuktatā: v. Propriety, fitness.

SUITABLY:
     I Appropriately:
     1 yathocitam;
     2 yathāyogyam;
     3 samucitam.
     II Accordingly: q. v.: anusāreṇa.

SUITE:
     I Retinue: q. v.: paricchadaḥ.
     II Of rooms, etc.: perh. samaṣṭiḥ.

SUITOR:
     I Solicitor: q. v.: prārthayitṛ (f. trī).
     II A plaintiff: q. v.: arthin (f. ).

SULKILY, SULLENLY: rukṣam (=roughly, harshly: q. v.).

SULKINESS, SULLENNESS: raukṣam (=harshness, roughness).

SULKY, SULLEN: ru(rū)kṣa (f. kṣā = harsh, rough: q. v.).

SULLY: kalaṅkayati (nomi.): v. To pollute, stain.

SULPHATE:
     1 of copper: tuttham;
     2 red s. of iron: kāśī(sī)śam;
     3 green s. of iron.: dhātuśekharaḥ.

SULPHUR:
     1 gandhakaḥ "caturdhā gandhakaḥ prokto raktaḥ pītaḥ sito'sitaḥ", Bha.;
     2 gandhāśman (m.) and sim. comp.s.

SULPHURA(E)TED: gandhakasaṃpṛkta (f. ktā) and sim. comp. s (?).

SULPHURET:
     1 of iron: tāpya (mn.):
     2 of mercury: kajjalī.

SULPHUREOUS: gandhakagarbha (f. rbhā), gandhakasaṃpṛkta (f. ktā), and sim. comp.s.

SULPHURIC ACID: *gandhakāmlaḥ; tutthāmlaḥ.

SULTAN, -NA: adhirājaḥ (f. jñī): v. Emperor.

SULTRINESS:
     1 pravṛddhatāpaḥ;
     2 atyuṣṇatā;
     3 tāpavṛddhiḥ; etc.

SULTRY: pravṛddhatāpa (f. ), days were very s.: pravṛddhatāpo divaso'timātram, R. xvi. 45.: v. Hot.

SUM (subs.):
     I Aggregate:
     1 yogaḥ (= addition), whose s. is hundred and one: yayoryogaṃ śataṃ saikam, Li. 27.;
     2 mānam pramāṇam (=total number), tell me the s. of his things: tasya dravyapramāṇaṃ vad, Li. 25.;
     3 aikyam (=total).
     II Quantity: rāśiḥ, what s. becomes 68......: syāt ko rāśirdvyūnasaptatiḥ, Li. 21.
     III Of money: no expr., why do you spend a large s. of money: kiṃ mahānarthotsargaḥ kriyate, Mu. iii.
     IV S. and substance:
     1 marman, (n.);
     2 sāraḥ. V. Acme: q. v.:
     1 parā koṭiḥ;
     2 phalitam, M. n.

SUM (v.): saṃkalayati (kal, c. 10.): v. To add, compute. S. up: saṃkṣepato vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), S. c.

SUMMARILY:
     I Briefly: q. v.: saṃkṣepeṇa.
     II Hastily, quickly: q. v.: kṣipram.

SUMMARY:
     I Adj.:
     1 saṃkṣipta (f. ptā = brief);
     2 kṣipra (f. prā = hasty).
     II Subs.: saṃkṣepaḥ: v. Epitome.

SUMMER (subs.):
     1 grīṣmaḥ -samayaḥ, a s. flower: graiṣmaḥ puṣpaviśeṣaḥ, M. n.;
     2 nidāghaḥ -kālaḥ;
     3 uṣṇaḥ -āgamaḥ;
     4 tapaḥ;
     5 gharmaḥ, R. xvi. 43.

SUMMER (v.): grīṣmakālaṃ gamayati ativāhayati, etc.: v. To pass.

SUMMER-HOUSE: with waterworks: dhārāgṛham, R.

SUMMERSET: v. Somersault.

SUMMIT:
     1 śi(śe)kharam;
     2 śṛṅgam;
     3 cūḍā: v. Peak, tip, top. Ph.: highest s.: (fig.) parā koṭiḥ: v. Acme.

SUMMON: āhvayati (hne, c. 1.): v. To call.

SUMMONER:
     1 āhvātṛ (f. trī ?);
     2 āhvāyaka (f. yikā ?).

SUMMONS:
     1 āhnānam -patram (?), to serve a s.: āhānaṃ dadāti.

SUMMUM BONUM:
     1 niḥśreyasam;
     2 paramārthaḥ.

SUMPTER, -HORSE: sthū(sthau)rin (m.): v. Packhorse.

SUMPTUARY: vyayaniyāmaka (f. mikā) and sim. comp.s.

SUMPTUOUS: mahārgha (f. rghā): v. Costly, rich.

SUMPTUOUSLY:
     I Costly: expr. by comp., s. dressed: mahārghaveṣa (f. ṣā).
     II Splendidly: s. fed: mojanaviśeṣaistarpita (f. ).

SUMPTUOUSNESS:
     I Costliness; mahārghatā.
     II Richness, excellence: q. v.: viśiṣṭatā.

SUN (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 sūryaḥ;
     2 divākaraḥ;
     3 dinakaraḥ;
     4 ādityaḥ;
     5 māskaraḥ;
     6 bhānuḥ;
     7 savitṛ (m.);
     8 aruṇaḥ (also= sun's charioteer);
     9 arkaḥ;
     10 raviḥ;
     11 mihiraḥ;
     12 vivasvat (m.);
     13 vibhāvasuḥ;
     14 mārtaṇḍaḥ;
     15 haridaśvaḥ;
     16 saptasaptiḥ;
     17 vikartanaḥ;
     18 gharmadīdhitiḥ. The rising, the setting s.: udyantaṃ astaṃ yāntam ādityam, M. iv. 37.; the morning s.: bālāruṇaḥ, Ku.; there is nothing new under the s.: *nāsti kimapyapūrvaṃ mahītale; a worshipper of the s.: sauraḥ (rī raṃ), San.
     II Sunshine: q. v. Ph.: to expose to the s. (as things): ātape dadāti, Si. or dhārayati, Bha.; to bask in the morning s.: bālātapaṃ sevate, V. t.; dried in the s.: ātape śoṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), Bha.; to go in the s.: ātape gacchati, Sa. iii.; going about in the s.: ātapalaṅghanam, Sa. iii.

SUN (v. t.): ātape or sūryātape dadāti (, c. 3.).

SUNBEAM:
     1 sūryaraśimaḥ;
     2 sūryāṃśuḥ;
     3 sūryakiraṇaḥ; etc.: v. Ray.

SUNBURNT: sūryatāpitaḥ (tā taṃ), and sim. comp.s. IV.: Also swarthy, dark.

SUNDAY:
     1 ravivāraḥ;
     2 ravivāsaraḥ;
     3 bhaṭṭārakavāraḥ;
     4 bhānuvāraḥ.

SUNDIAL: perh. ghaṭīyantram, Go.

SUNFLOWER: sūryamukhī.

SUNRISE:
     1 sūryodayaḥ etc, about s.: ādityasyodayaṃ prati, Mah. iv. 11.;
     2 aruṇodayaḥ;
     3 often by verb., before s.: anudite bhāskare; after s.: samutthite ravau, K.; at s.: pratyunmiṣatyaruṇārciṣi, D.

SUNSET: sūryāstamayaḥ -nam and sim. comp.s; at s.: astaṃ gacchati sūrye or astācalacūḍāvalambini bhāskare; after s.: astaṃ gate sūrye.

SUNDER: viśleṣayati (c. of śliṣ): v. To separate.

SUNDRY: katipayaḥ (yā yaṃ = few: q. v.): v. Also diverse, several.

SUNNY:
     I Of sun.: saura (f. ).
     II Not shady: ātapākrānta (f. ntā) and sim. comp. s.

SUP (v.):
     I To sip: q. v.
     II To take a night-meal: q. v.: rajanī bhojanaṃ karoti.

SUPER: expr. by ati- or atiśaya- in comp., s.- abundance: atibāhulyam. S. annuation: ativayaskatā; etc.: v. Also below.

SUPERB: atiśobhana (f. ): v. Magnificent, splendid.

SUPERCILIOUS: avalipta (f. ptā): v. Haughty, arrogant.

SUPERCILIOUSLY: sāvalepam: v. Haughtily, arrogantly.

SUPERCILIOUSNESS: avalepaḥ: v. Haughtiness, arrogance.

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SUPERFICIAL:
     I Lit.: pṛṣṭha- in comp., s. area: pṛṣṭhaphalam, Li.
     II Fig.: sthūla (f. ). Ph.: s. scholar: v. Smatterer.

SUPERFICIALLY:
     1 sthūlam (=not minute);
     2 svalpam (=little).

SUPERFICIES:
     1 talam, K. d.;
     2 pṛṣṭham (= back), s. of sphere: golapṛṣṭham, K. d.

SUPERFINE:
     I Of texture: atisūkṣma (f. kṣmā).
     II Excellent: q. v.: atyutkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

SUPERFLUITY:
     1 ādhikyam;
     2 atirekaḥ;
     3 atiriktatā -tvam.

SUPERFLUOUS:
     1 adhika (f. ), here the word ākṛti is s.: atrākṛtipadamadhikam, Sah. vii.

SUPERFLUOUSLY:
     1 adhikam;
     2 atiriktam;
     3 bāhulyena.

SUPERHUMAN:
     1 atimānuṣa (f. ṣī);
     2 amānuṣa (f. ṣī).

SUPERINCUMBENT:
     1 adhiśayāna (f. );
     2 by verb.

SUPERINDUCE: āvahati (vah, c. 1.): v. To induce.

SUPERINTEND: paryavekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.) (?): v. Also to manage.

SUPERINTENDENCE: paryavekṣaṇam (?): v. Also management.

SUPERINTENDENT: paryavekṣaka (f. kṣikā) (?): v. Manager.

SUPERIOR:
     I In gen.:
     1 jyāyas (f. ), and the enemy is s. (to you) in the strength of his arms and forces: jyāyāṃśca vīryāsrabalairvipakṣaḥ, Ki. iii. 17.;
     2 adhika (f. =greater), the s. animals did not torment the lower ones: ūnaṃ na satveṣvadhiko babādhe, R. ii. 14.: v. Also excellent, to excel.
     II A senior:
     1 guruḥ;
     2 jyeṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā: rare).

SUPERIORITY:
     1 jyeṣṭhatā;
     2 jyaiṣṭhyam, s. in knowledge: vidyājaiṣṭhyam;
     3 ādhikyam (= state of being greater):
     4 śreṣṭhatā: v. Excellence;
     5 variṣṭhatā (=3).

SUPERLATIVE:
     I Excellent, unparalleled: q. v.: sarvotkṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).
     II In gram: atiśayadyotaka (f. tikā).

SUPERNATURAL: alaukika (f. ): v. Also superhuman, wonderful.

SUPERNATURALLY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

SUPERNUMERARY: atirikta (f. ktā), s. officer: atiriktakarmacārī.

SUPERSCRIBE: in letters: bāhyanāma dadāti (, c. 3.), Mu. i. or likhati abhi- (likh, c. 6.).

SUPERSCRIPTION: bāhyanāman (n.), mu. i.

SUPERSEDE:
     I In office: s. d me in this post: māmullaṅghya padamidamadhijagāma.
     II To set aside: vyāvartayati (c. of vṛt).

SUPERSESSION:
     I In office:
     1 by verb;
     2 atikramaḥ (= passing over).
     II Setting aside: vyāvṛttiḥ or vyāvartanam.

SUPERSTITION: mūḍhaviśvāsaḥ (?) and sim. comp. s.

SUPERSTITIOUS:
     I Of men: mūḍhaviśvāsin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Of rite, etc.: mūḍhaviśvāsaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) and sim. comp. s. Ph.: s. belief: mūḍhaviśvāsaḥ (?).

SUPERSTITIOUSLY:
     1 mūḍhaviśvāsena;
     2 by circumlo.

SUPERSTITIOUSNESS: mūḍhaviśvāsaniṣṭhā (?): v. above.

SUPERSTRUCTURE: bhavanam: v. Edifice.

SUPERVENE: samāpatati (pat, c. 1.): v. To happen.

SUPERVISE, SUPERVISION: v. To superintend, superintendence.

SUPINE (adj.):
     I Lying on the back: uttānaśayaḥ (yī yaṃ: in sleeping); avapṛṣṭha- in comp.
     II Fig. indolent: q. v.: tundaparimṛjaḥ (jā jaṃ).

SUPINE (subs.): tumarthakaḥ kriyāviśeṣaḥ.

SUPINELY: expr. by adj.: v. Indolently, indifferently.

SUPINENESS:
     1 nirīhatā (=indifference);
     2 ālasyam (=indolence).

SUPPER:
     1 rajanībhojanam;
     2 rātryāhāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

SUPPLANT:
     1 sthānamadhitiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.= occupy the place: with gen.);
     2 niṣkāśayati (c. of kāś = drive out, dispel: q. v.).

SUPPLE: sukumāra (f. ): v. Soft, pliant.

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SUPPLEMENT: pariśiṣṭam, s. to the Kātantra: kātantrapariśiṣṭam.

SUPPLEMENTAL: expr. by comp.

SUPPLENESS: saukṛmāryam: v. Softness, pliancy.

SUPPLIANT:
     I Solicitor: q. v.: arthin (f. ).
     II Submissive: q. v.: praṇata (f. ).

SUPPLIANTLY:
     1 kṛtāñjali (mfn.);
     2 sānunayam.

SUPPLICATE: v. To entreat, beg, seek.

SUPPLICATION: anunayaḥ: v. Entreaty, solicitation.

SUPPLICATORY: sānunaya (f. ): v. Humble, submissive.

SUPPLY (subs.):
     I In gen.: sambhāraḥ: v. Store, to supply.
     II In pl.: to vote s. ies: sādhanānyupakalpayati (?).

SUPPLY (v.):
     I To fill up: q. v.: pūrayati pari- (pūr, c. 10.).
     II To provide:
     1 āharati (hṛ, c. 1.= bring), whatever asked she found s. ed: yadeva vavre tadapaśyadāhṛtam, R. iii. 6.;
     2 saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10.=unite): v. Also To store, prepare.

SUPPORT (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 ālambaḥ -nam, s. to (men) in distress: vipattimagnāya karāvalambanam, P. h.;
     2 avalambaḥ -nam, manliness is the highest s. for self: matamālambanamātmapauruṣam, Ki. ii. 13.;
     3 āśrayaḥ: v. Refuge;
     4 upaghnaḥ (rare), s. ing tree: upaghnataruḥ, R. xiv. 1.;
     5 avaṣṭambhaḥ, s. from knowledge: jñānāvaṣṭambhaḥ, K.
     II Nourishment, maintenance: q. v.

SUPPORT (v.):
     I To bear up: q. v.:
     1 avaṣṭabhnāti (stambh, c. 9.), s. ing. me: māmavaṣṭabhya, Vi. v. 5.;
     2 ālambam or avalambanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. Subs.
     II To nourish, maintain: q. v.:
     1 bharati (bhṛ, c. 1.), who must be s. ed: avaśyabharaṇīya (f. ), K. b. on M. xi. 9.;
     2 grāsācchādanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.=give board and lodging).
     III To countenance, aid: samarthayati (nomi.).

SUPPORTABLE:
     1 avaṣṭabhya (f. myā);
     2 bhartavya (f. vyā);
     3 samarthanīya (f. ): for dif.: v. To support.

SUPPORTER:
     I Lit.: v. Support (I).
     II Maintainer: q. v.: bharaṇadātṛ (f. trī).
     III Defender: samarthayitṛ (f. trī).

SUPPOSABLE:
     1 sambhāvya (f. vyā);
     2 sambhāvanīya (f. ); etc.

SUPPOSE:
     I To assume to be true: expr. by vidhiliṅ or loṭ, s. he is entirely so: tathāvidhastāvadaśeṣamastu saḥ, Ku. v. 82.
     II To imagine:
     1 tarkayati (tark, c. 10.);
     2 sambhāvayati (c. of bhū);
     3 manyate (man, c. 4.=think): v. Also to suspect, guess.

SUPPOSITION:
     1 ūhaḥ;
     2 tarkaḥ vi-: v. Also inference. On the s.: expr. with kakṣīkaroti or kroḍīkaroti (= admit: with acc.).

SUPPOSITITIOUS: kūṭa- in comp.: v. Also false, not genuine.

SUPPRESS:
     I To extinguish, destroy: q. v.: damayati (c. of dam).
     II To restrain, check: q. v.:
     1 ni-yacchati saṃ- vini-, (yam, c. 1.);
     2 nigṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.).
     III To conceal: q. v.: gopāyati (gup, c. 1.), Indra s. ed (his) rising satisfaction: nijugopa harṣamuditaṃ maghavā, Ki. vi. 38. Ph.: with s. ed tears: stambhitāśruḥ, M. n. on R. xiv. 53. (antargatabāṣpakaṇṭhaḥ).

SUPPRESSION:
     I Putting down: damanam: v. Irradication, destruction.
     II Restraint: q. v.: nigrahaḥ.
     II Concealment: q. v.: gopanam
     IV Stoppage: stammaḥ.

SUPPURATE:
     1 pākaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), pakvatāṃ vrajati (vraj, c. 1.): etc., Bha.;
     2 pacati (pac, c. 1.), Bha. S. ing or s. ive thing: pācanīyāni dravyāṇi, Bha.

SUPPURATION:
     1 pākaḥ pari-;
     2 pakvatā pari-.

SUPREMACY:
     1 prabhaviṣṇutā;
     2 prabhutvam;
     3 ādhipatyam: v. Sovereignty.

SUPREME:
     I Extreme: q. v.: parama (f. ). Ph.: S. Being: paramabrahma.
     II Chief: q. v.: mukhya (f. khyā). Ph.: to be s. i. e. to have mastery over:
     1 prabhaviṣṇu (mfn.);
     2 prabhavati (with loc.).

SUPREMELY:
     1 paramam;
     2 param;
     3 niratiśayam.

SURCHARGE: v. To overload.

SURD: karaṇī, adding a quadratic s. with a s. index 8 we get a s. with indes 18: ka 2+ka 8 yoge jātaṃ ka 18, Vij. N. B. This ref. to the same rational quantity under the root.

SURE:
     I Of things: niścita (f. ): v. Certain, undoubted.
     II Of men: feeling s. of victory: jayaṃ dhruvaṃ manyamāna (f. ): v. To think, certain (II).
     III Secure: q. v.

SURELY: nūnam: v. Certainly.

SURETY: pratibhūḥ, to take s.: pratibhūṃ gṛhnāti, Mit.; four kinds of s. ies: catuḥprakāraḥ pratibhūḥ, Vri.; to stand s.: pratibhūstiṣṭhati, Kat.; to give time to s.: pratibhuve kālaṃ dadāti, Vri.;
     2 lagnakaḥ, to make s.: lagnakaṃ kārayati, Kat.

SURETYSHIP:
     1 prātibhāvyam;
     2 pratibhūtvam -tā;
     3 lagnakatvam -tā.

SURF:
     1 lahariḥ(rī);
     2 kallolaḥ;
     3 ullolaḥ.

SURFACE:
     1 talam, s. of earth: bhūtalam;
     2 pṛṣṭham. Ph.: on the s. of water: jalopari.

SURFEIT:
     I Verb:
     1 atimojanaṃ karoti;
     2 atipūrayati (pūr, c. 10, as to s. the belly).
     II Subs.:
     1 atibhojanam (lit.);
     2 atipūrtiḥ -pūraṇam.

SURGE (v.): ullolati (lul, c. 1.), s. ing wave: ullolaḥ.

SURGE (subs.): kalolaḥ: v. Billow.

SURGEON: śastravaidyaḥ or sim. vaidyaḥ, when sense clear.

SURGERY: śalyam -śāstram -jñānam, Sr.

SURGICAL: by comp., s. operation: śastrakarma, Sr.

SURLINESS:
     1 kārkaśyam;
     2 karkaśatā: v. Harshness, roughness.

SURLY: karkaśa (f. śā): v. Harsh, rough.

SURMISE (subs.): vitarkaḥ: v. Supposition, conjecture.

SURMISE (v.): śaṅkate (śaṅk, c. 1.): v. To apprehend, guess.

SURMOUNT:
     1 atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.);
     2 atyeti (i, c. 2.);
     3 tarati (tṝ, c. 1.), may everybody s. the difficulties: sarvastaratu durgāṇi, V. v.

SURMOUNTABLE:
     1 atikramaṇīya (f. );
     2 atikramya (f. myā); etc.

SURNAME: kulanāman (n.) (?).

SURPASS:
     1 atikrāmati or -krāmyati (kram, c. 1. and 4.), I see she is about s. ing Irābatī: atikrāmantīmiverāvatīṃ prekṣe, Mu. i.;
     2 atyeti (i, c. 2.), Ki.: v. To excel.

SURPASSING:
     I Exceeding: expr. by comp. with ati-, s. the sun: atyāditya (f. tyā), Me. i. 44.
     II Excellent: q. v.

SURPLICE:
     1 uparicchadaḥ (?);
     2 dhautāvāraḥ (?).

SURPLUS: udvṛttam, s. amount: udvṛttaṃ dhanam.

SURPRISE (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 camatkaroti, they were all s. ed with it: tena camatkṛtāḥ sarve, Bha.;
     2 vismāpayati (c. of smi): v. To astonish.
     II To attack suddenly: atarkitaṃ parati, (pat, c. 1.: with loc.), Pri.

SURPRISE (subs.):
     I Wonder: q. v.: vismayaḥ
     II A sudden attack: avaskandaḥ.
     III An unexpected event: fate brings on s. s: vidhireva tāni ghaṭayati yāni pumānnaiva cintayati, Bh.

SURPRISING (adj.): vismayakara (f. ) and sim. comp.s.: v. Wonderful.

SURPRISINGLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.: v. Also extremely.

SURRENDER (v.):
     I To deliver, present: q. v.: upānayati (, c. 1.).
     II To submit, take refuge: q. v.:
     1 śaraṇaṃ gacchati yāti, etc.;
     2 bhajate -ti (bhaj, c. 1.), s. yourself to Lakshmaṇa: saumitreścaraṇaṃ maja, Vi. vi. 20.

SURRENDER (subs.):
     1 samarpaṇam (= delivery);
     2 upānayanam (= presenting);
     3 praṇatiḥ (= submission).

SURREPTITIOUS: moṣeṇa kṛta (f. = done) or niveśita (f. = entered), etc.: v. Stealth, fraudulent, forged.

SURREPTITIOUSLY: moṣeṇa: v. Stealthily, fraudulently.

SURROUND:
     1 parivṛṇoti or vārayati (vṛ, c. 5. and 10.), your (men) s. ed him: taṃ tāvakāḥ paryavārayan, Mah. vii. 49. 16.;
     2 veṣṭate or veṣṭayati pari- saṃ- (veṣṭa, c. 1. and 10.), s. ed by the serpent's coils: sarpabhogena veṣṭita (f. ), V. p. v. 7. 22.; s. ed by the ocean: sāgareṇābhisaṃvṛta (f. ), Ram. v. 9. 14.: v. Also to encircle.

SURROUNDING (adj.):
     I Lit.: expr. by verb. paritastiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.): v. Also neighbouring, near, bordering.
     II Of circumstances etc.: without knowing the s. s (s. circumstances): paurvāparyamaparijñāya.

SURTOUT: *adhyāvāraḥ: v. Overcoat.

SURVEY (v.):
     I To view, contemplate: q. v.: paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.), to s. the far-reaching quarters: digantadidṛkṣayā, Ki. i.; v. To see.
     II To measure: māpayati parī- (c. of ).

SURVEY, -ING (subs.):
     I View, contemplation: q. v.: ava-lokaḥ -nam.
     II Measurement: kṣetramāpaḥ -nam (?).

SURVEYOR:
     I Lit.: darśaka pari- (f. rśikā).
     II kṣetramāpa (f. ), -ka (f. pikā) (?).

SURVIVE (v.):
     1 jīvati (jīv, c. 1.:) when sense clear), who else would like to s.: kā madanyā jijīviṣet, Mah. iv. 20. 11.; he alone might s.: ekaḥ sa jīvyāt, Vi. iv. 10.;
     2 by circumlo., Rati s.d Madana for a moment: madanena vinākṛtā ratiḥ kṣaṇamātraṃ jīvitā, Ku. iv. 21.: v. After, to live, remain.

SURVIVOR:
     1 expr. by verb;
     2 śeṣa (f. ṣā =remaining), the s.s submitted to him: śeṣāstaṃ śaraṇaṃ yayuḥ, R. iv. 64.; alas ! I heard that there were ten s.s: kaṣṭaṃ yuddhe daśa śeṣāḥ śrutā me, Mah. i. 1. 220.

SUSCEPTIBILITY:
     1 yogyatā (= fitness);
     2 grāhyatā (= admissibility): v. Also sensibility, emotion.

SUSCEPTIBLE:
     1 yogya (f. gyā = fit: q. v.);
     2 grāhya (f. hyā = admissible).

SUSPECT:
     1 śaṅkate ā- pari- abhi- vi- saṃ- pra-, (śaṅk, c. 1.), from whom you s. disregard: viśaṅkase yato'vadhīraṇam, Sa. iii. 16.; I did not s. that I had not seen him before: adṛṣṭapūrvo'yamiti yathā na śaṅkitam, K.; s. ing him that he was Nala: śaṅkamānā nalaṃ taṃ vai, Mah. iii. 75. 10.; s. ing something bad: aśobhanamāśaṅkamānaḥ, K.;
     2 by subs.: affection s.s evil: snehaḥ pāpāśaṅkī, S. iv.: v. Also apprehend, to guess.

SUSPEND:
     I To hang up: q. v.: udbadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. Also to swing.
     II To defer: q. v.: nivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     III No equiv.: viṣṭambhayati (c. of stambh) may be used: v. To dismiss (II).
     IV To make one depend: nighnaṃ (f. ghnāṃ) karoti: v. To depend.

SUSPENSE:
     1 aniścayaḥ (=uncertainty);
     2 sandehaḥ (= doubt);
     3 better by circumlo.: v. To waver, not know.

SUSPENSION:
     I Hanging up, swinging: by verb.
     II Interruption, cessation: q. v.: nivṛttiḥ. Ph.: s. bridge: *utplavasetuḥ.

SUSPICION: śaṅkā ā- pari-; others are to be arrested on s.: anye'pi śaṅkayā grāhyāḥ, Y.; without any s.: niḥśaṅka (f. ṅkā), Bh.; disregarding all s. s: agaṇitasarvaśaṅka (f. ṅkā), K.; various s.s: śaṅkātatiḥ, N. xiii. 25.; I will remove your s.: tavāśaṅkāmapaneṣyāmi, Sa. v.; your s. is proper: sāmprataṃ te āśaṅkā, Sa. v.: v. Also doubt.

SUSPICIOUS:
     1 śaṅkita pari- ā-, (f. ), always s.: nityaśaṅkitaḥ, H. i. 24.;
     2 śaṅkin (f. ), ā- pari-; s. of my being another's wife: paraparigrahaśaṅkī, Sa. v.;
     3 by verb or subs., feeling s.: upajātaśaṅka (f. ṅkā), K.

SUSPICIOUSLY:
     1 sāśaṅkam;
     2 by pres. part.

SUSPICIOUSNESS:
     1 śaṅkitatā;
     2 śaṅkitatvam vi- pari-: v. Suspicious.

SUSTAIN: vibharti pra- (bhṛ, c. 3.) or rarely bharati (bhṛ, c. 1.), s. ed the burden of the world: dhuraṃ dharitryā bibharāmbabhūva, R. xviii. 45.: v. To bear; you s. the appearance of the discontented: bibharṣi cākāramanirvṛtānām, R. xiv. 7.: v. To keep up, hold; s. poor men: daridrān bhara, H.: v. To maintain, support.

SUSTENANCE:
     1 vartanam, s. money: vartanadhanam, Da. 129.;
     2 jīvanam (rarely), to give s.: jīvanaṃ dadāti, Da.: v. Support, maintenance.

SUTLER: paṇyopajīvin (f. ), Ra. and sim. comp.s.

SUTURE:
     I The act.:
     1 sīvanam;
     2 syūtiḥ.
     II Seam: sandhiḥ.

SWAB:
     I Verb: mārṣṭi (mṛj, c. 2.).
     II A brush: mārjanī.

SWADDLE: kṣaumaparivṛtaṃ (f. tāṃ) karoti, Bha.: v. To surround. S. ing cloth: kṣaumam.

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SWAGGER: (v.): v. To brag, strut.

SWAIN: grāmikaḥ: v. Rustic, lover.

SWALLOW (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 grasate (gras, c. 1.), as if s. ing up the spirit (of other): grasamānamivaujāṃsi, Ki. xi. 73.; before he is s. ed up by the human king: yāvannasaṃgrasyate'sau puruṣādhipena, B. xii. 4.;
     2 gila(ra)ti (gṝ, c. 6.), that s.s whales: timiṅgilaḥ.
     II Fig., to put up with, bear: q. v. perh. jarayati (c. of ja: compare Bengali idiom).

SWALLOW (subs.):
     I A bird: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ.
     II The gullet: galaḥ.
     III The act:
     1 grāsaḥ;
     2 gilanam.

SWALLOW-WORT: a tree:
     1 arkaḥ -parṇaḥ;
     2 kṣīrarasaḥ.

SWAMP:
     I Subs.: kacchabhūḥ: v. Marsh.
     II Verb: v. To plunge, overwhelm.

SWAMPY:
     1 anūpa (f. );
     2 kaccha (f. cchā).

SWAN:
     1 rājahaṃsaḥ (?);
     2 marālaḥ.

SWARD: perh. śādvalam.

SWARM (subs.):
     1 saṃghaḥ;
     2 vṛndam: v. Multitude, throng, assemblage.

SWARM (v.):
     I To collect: q. v.: saṃpatati (pat, c. 1.).
     II To crowd: q. v.: s. s with bees: śaraghāvyāpta (f. ptā), -saṃkula (f. ), ākīrṇa (f. rṇā), -juṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), etc.

SWARTHY: śyāma (f. ): v. Dark, black.

SWATH, -E (subs.): paṭṭaḥ: v. Bandage.

SWATHE (v.): paṭṭena veṣṭayati (veṣṭ, c. 10.), āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.), etc.

SWAZ (subs.):
     I Rule, government: q. v.: śāsanam.
     II Power, control: q. v.: vaśam, under the s. of anger: krodhavaśa (f. śā).
     III Swing, sweep: q. v.

SWAZ (v.):
     I To rule, govern: q. v.: śāsti (śās, c. 2.).
     II To sweep, swing: q. v.: preṃkhati (riṃkh, c. 1.).

SWEAR (v. t.):
     I To make: to s. an oath: śapathaṃ śapati or śapyati-te (śap, c. 1. and 4.), B. iii. 36.
     II To administer in oath to: śāpayati (c. of śap), shall s. Brahmins on truth: satyena śāpayedvipram, M.

SWEAR (v. i.): śapati or śapyati, who have sworn together: saṃśaptakāḥ, Mah. vii.: v. Also to curse;
     2 śapathaṃ karoti (=take an oath), swore before her friends: sakhīnāṃ purataḥ saśapathamabhihitavatī, K.

SWEARER:
     1 śaptṛ (f. ptrī);
     2 śāpayitṛ (f. trī = of others);
     3 by verb.

SWEAT (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 svedaḥ, s.-drops: svedalavāḥ, R. xiii. 20.;
     2 gharmaḥ;
     3 svedajalam, and sim. comp.s, Si. i. 58.
     II Toil, labour: q. v.: pariśramaḥ.

SWEAT (v. i.):
     I To perspire: svidyati pra- (svid, c. 4.), s. ing in fingers: svinnāṅguli (mfn.), Ku.
     II Labour: q. v.: pariśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.).
     III To rite oneself: tāmyati (tam, c. 4.).

SWEAT (v. t.): To cause to s.: svedayati pra- (c. of svid), Bha.
     II To emit: q. v.: muñjati (muc, c. 6.).

SWEEP (subs.):
     I Compass, circuit: q. v.:
     1 prasaraḥ;
     2 parisaraḥ, ph.: in one s. of the sword: ekenaiva kṛpāṇaprahāreṇa, K.
     II Seer: q. v.
     III For drawing water: yaṣṭiyantram (?).

SWEEP (v.):
     I To cleanse: mārṣṭi mārjayati, or mārjati saṃ- pari- (mṛj, c. 2., 10. and 1.).
     II To s. away or off: vāhayati apa- (c. of vah), which has swept away Vaśiṣṭha: vaśiṣṭhāpavāhaḥ, Mah. ix. 14. 40.
     III To move rapidly over: javena atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To pass, move.
     IV To beat, strike: q. v.: tāḍyati (taḍ, c. 10.).

SWEEPER:
     1 sammārjakaḥ, etc., the king's houses.: nṛpatergṛhasammārjanakartā, P. i. 3.;
     2 khalapūḥ (rare).

SWEEPINGS:
     1 avakaraḥ;
     2 saṅkaraḥ (rare).

SWEET:
     1 madhura (f. ), s. glances: madhurā: kaṭākṣāḥ, Ma. i. 26.; in the s. moon-like face of Rādhā: madhure rādhāmukhendau, Gi. iii. 16.; is light, s. and removes thirst: tṛṣṇāghnaṃ madhuraṃ laghu, Bha.; by s. looks: madhurairnirīkṣitaiḥ, Ki. ii. 55.; what does not adorn s. figures: kimiva hi madhurāṇāṃ maṇḍanaṃ nākṛtīnām, S. i. 19.;
     3 miṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), eating s. things: miṣṭabhojin (f. ), N. xvi. 111.;
     3 madhumaya (f. : =honied), by s. words; madhumayībhirvāgbhiḥ, D.: v. Also tasteful, pleasant.

SWEETEN:
     I Trans.:
     1 madhurayati;
     2 madhurīkaroti.
     II Intrans.: madhurībhavati.

SWEETHEART:
     1 vallabha (f. bhā), Si. vi. 26.;
     2 praṇayin (f. ), Si. vi. 13.;
     3 priya (f. ), Si. vi. 15.;
     4 dayita (f. ), Si. iii. 27.;
     5 kānta (f. ntā), Ki. ix. 6.;
     6 ramaṇa (f. ṇī), Si. vi. 71.;
     7 kamana (f. : rare), Si vi. 74.;
     8 iṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), Si. vi. 60.

SWEETLY: madhuram;
     2 miṣṭam;
     3 by comp.

SWEETMEAT: miṣṭānnam, s. s and cakes: miṣṭānnāni tathāpūpān, Ram.

SWEETNESS:
     1 madhuratā or mādhuryam, s. of voice: svare madhuratā, K.;
     2 mādhurī;
     3 miṣṭatā: v. Also tastefulness, pleasantness.

SWELL (v. i.):
     1 śvayati pra- ut-, (śvi, c. 1.), with highly swollen fierce red eyes: śeśvīyamanāruṇaraudranetraḥ, B. iii. 30.;
     2 sphāyate (sphāy, c. 1.), their martial dexterity s. ed: pasphāye śastralāghavam; B. xiv. 109.;
     3 sphītībhavati: v. Also to increase.

SWELL (v. t.):
     1 sphāvayati pari- ā- (c. of sphāy), s. ing his pride: sphāvayan svaṃ prabhāvam, B. xii. 76.;
     2 śvāyayati (c. of śvi: rare);
     3 dhamati ā-. pra- (dhmā, c. 1.= puff up), as if swollen with sins: pāpenevādhmātamūrtayaḥ, K.: v. Also to increase, fill up.

SWELL (subs.):
     I S. ing: q. v.
     II Of waves: taraṅgamālā, and sim. comp.s: v. Wave, billow.
     III As showy person: perh. sphīta (f. ) -janaḥ.

SWELLING:
     I Lit.: sphītiḥ: v. Also increase, inflation.
     II Of the body:
     1 śvayathuḥ, to produce a s.: śvayathuṃ janayati, Si.; very deep s.: pragāḍhaḥ śvayathuḥ, Sr.;
     2 śothaḥ or śophaḥ, ripe s.: pakvaḥ śophaḥ, Sr.

SWELLISH: sphīta (f. ), in a s. dress: sphītaparivarha (f. rhā), D. ii.

SWERVE: calati (cal, c. 1.), Ki. x. 29.: v. To move, deviate.

SWIFT (adj.):
     1 vegavat (f. ), very s.: vegavattaraḥ, K. xiii. 50.;
     2 mahāvega (f. ), K.;
     3 javana (f. ), swift horse: javanavāji-, R. ix.;
     4 prajavin (f. ), s. camel-drivers: prajavina uṣṭrapālāḥ, C. 51.;
     5 śīghraga (f. ) and sim. comp. s: v. Quick.

SWIFT (subs.): a bird: *prajavaḥ.

SWIFTLY:
     1 tūrṇam: v. Quickly.

SWIFTNESS:
     1 vegaḥ: v. Speed;
     2 śīghratā: v. Quickness.

SWILL: i. e. to take a s. of: atipānaṃ karoti: v. To drink.

SWIM (v.):
     I To float: q. v.: tarati (tṝ, c. 1.), stones will s. in water not leaves: śilā tariṣyatyudake na parṇam, B. xii. 77.
     II With hands etc.: tarati saṃ-, some swam across the waters with their hands: payaḥ kecidatāriṣurbhujaiḥ, Si. xii. 76.; s. ming in the waters: jale santaran, Vet. vii. Ph.: s. ming against the surfs: bāhumyāṃ laharīśichandan, Raj.
     III To be drenched: the earth s. s in blood: śoṇitaplāvitā mahī.

SWIM, SWIMMING (subs.): saṃ-taraṇam.

SWIMMER: expr. by verb.

SWIMMINGLY: v. Successfully, smoothly.

SWINDLE: vañcayati (vañc, c. 10.): v. To cheat, deceive.

SWINDLER: vañcaka (f. ñcikā): v. Cheat, rogue.

SWINDLING (subs.):
     1 vañcanā pra-;
     2 śāṭhyabh: v. Roguery

SWINE: śūkaraḥ: v. Boar, hog, sow.

SWING (subs.):
     I For s. ing: dolā, R. ix. 46.
     II S. ing:
     1 dolanam;
     2 preṅkhanam hindolaḥ (rare).

SWING:
     I Intrans.:
     1 dolāyate (nomi.);
     2 preṅkhati (īṅkh, c. 1.), with s. ing leaves: preṅkhatpatra (f. trā), K.
     II Trans.:
     1 preṅkhayati (c. of īṅkh), s. ing them: tāḥ preṅkhayan, R. xix. 44.;
     2 āndolayati (nomi.);
     3 hindolayati (nomi.)

SWINISH: śūkarasannibha and sim. comp. s (?).

SWITCH: piñjā: v. Rod, twig.

SWIVEL: saṃbandhanī (?).

SWOON (subs.):
     1 mūrcchā;
     2 mohaḥ pra-, Ku. iii. 73.

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SWOON (v.):
     1 mūrcchati (mūrcch, c. 1.);
     2 muhyati (muh, c. 4.);
     3 mohaṃ gacchati; etc.

SWOOP:
     I Subs.: avapātaḥ.
     II Verb.: ākasmikāvapātena gṛhṇāti (grah, c. 9. = sieze: q. v.).

SWORD:
     1 asiḥ, s. s whose sharpness has been increased by case-hardening: asayaḥ pānavarddhitataikṣṇyāḥ, K.; fortune dwells on the edges of s. s: lakṣmīrasidhārāsu nivasati, K.; without s. or shield: vyasicarman (mfn.), Mah. vii. 48. 39.;
     2 khaṅgaḥ, whose is this s. with golden hilt in a sheath of cow-skin: kasya hematsaruḥ khaṅgo gavye kośe samarpitaḥ, Mah. iv. 42. 13.;
     3 nistriṃśaḥ, he striving with a s. in his hand: hastena nistriṃśabhṛtā sa dīptaḥ, Ki. xvii. 56.;
     4 kṛpāṇaḥ, having a great s.: mahākṛpāṇaṃ kalayat (f. ntī), Ku. xv. 43.; use (your) s. on this Śudra-sage: visṛja śūdramunau kṛpāṇam, M. ii. 10;
     5 karapāla (bāla or vāra);
     6 taravāraḥ(laḥ) or taravāriḥ.

SYCAMORE: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

SYCOPHANCY: cāṭukāritā -tvam: v. Flattery.

SYCOPHANT:
     1 cāṭukāra (f. );
     2 cāṭukārin (f. ṇī): v. Flatterer.

SYLLABIC: expr. by comp.

SYLLABLE: akṣaram, vocabulary of words of one s.: ekākṣarakośaḥ; descriptions of metres with feet of eleven s. s: ekādaśākṣarapādavṛttabhedaḥ, P. h.; words of three s. s with penultimate D.: datriḥ, Med.

SYLLOGISM: nyāyaḥ, s. is not required for what is ascertained: na nirṇītārthe nyāyaḥ pravartate, N. d.

SYLLOGISTIC:
     1 nyāya- in comp.;
     2 nyāyasaṅgata (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

SYMBOL:
     1 cihnam: v. Sign, mark;
     2 pratirūpam (=representative).

SYMBOLICAL:
     1 by subs.: he is (merely) s. of piety: sa dharmapratirūpakaḥ, M. xi. 9.;
     2 lākṣaṇika (f. = significant, indicative: q. v.).

SYMMETRICAL:
     1 suṣṭhu (mfn. (?);
     2 sama (f. = even).

SYMMETRICALLY:
     1 suṣṭhu;
     2 by comp.

SYMMETRY:
     1 sauṣṭhavam (?);
     2 sāmyam (= evenness).

SYMPATHETIC, -AL:
     1 samānubhūti (mfn.);
     2 sadaya (f. = kind);
     3 snigdha (f. gdhā=loving).

SYMPATHETICALLY:
     1 sahānubhūtyā;
     2 sadayam (=kindly);
     3 snigdham.

SYMPATHIZE:
     I To feel: q. v.: anubhavati (bhū, c. 1.: with acc.).
     II To have consideration for: ādriyate (dṛ, c. 4.).

SYMPATHY:
     I The feeling:
     1 sahānubhūtiḥ (?);
     2 preman (n. = love), subdivided by s.: premṇā samānīya vibhajyamānaḥ Ki. iii. 33.
     II Kindness, compassion: q. v.: dayā.

SYMPHONY: ekatānatā: v. Harmony.

SYMPTOM:
     1 lakṣaṇam;
     2 cihnam;
     3 liṅgam, are the general s.s of insanity: sāmānyamunmādagadasya liṅgam, Bha.

SYNAGOGUE:
     1 samājaḥ: v. Assembly;
     2 sabhāgṛham: v. Hall.

SYNCHRONISM:
     1 yaugapadyam;
     2 samakālīnatāḥ;
     3 ekakālikatā.

SYNCHRONOUS:
     1 samakālīna (f. );
     2 ekakālika (f. ); etc.

SYNCOPE (subs.):
     I Swoon, fainting: q. v.: mūrcchā.
     II In gram: madhyākṣaralopaḥ (?).

SYNDIC: pravivecakaḥ, s. ate: *samā or samitiḥ.

SYNECDOCHE: lakṣaṇā, Kav.

SYNOD: dharmasamavāyaḥ and sim. comp.: v. Assembly.

SYNODICAL: expr. by comp.; ph.: s. month: cāndramāsaḥ.

SYNONYM: i. e. synoymous word: q. v.

SYNONYMOUS: ekārthavācin (f. ) and sim. comp. s, of s. terms: ekārthavācināṃ paryāyaśabdānām, Say.

SYNOPSIS: sārasaṃgrahaḥ: v. Epitome.

SYNTACTICAL: expr. by comp.; ph.: s. arrangement: yathāśāstravinyāsaḥ (?).

SYNTAX:
     1 śabdavinyāsaḥ (?).
     2 kārakādiprakriyā.

SYNTHESIS:
     1 saṃkalanam (?).

SYNTHETIC, -AL: expr. by comp.

SYPHILIS:
     1 phira(ri)ṅgaḥ -vyādhiḥ, Bha.;
     2 upadaṃśaḥ (gen.), Sr.

SYPHILITIC: phira(ri)ṅgin (f. ṇī), Bha.

SYRINGE:
     I Subs.: *sīrañjam.
     II Verb: *sīrañjayati (nomi.).

SYSTEM:
     I Proper method: perh. pratipannapaddhatiḥ.
     II Branch: q. v.: śākhā. Ph.: the solar s.: sauraṃ jagat: v. World.

SYSTEMATIC, -AL: expr. by comp. or adverb.

SYSTEMATICALLY:
     1 yathāpaddhati;
     2 anujbhkitakramam (=in order).

SYSTEMATIZE: paddhatiṃ badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.: with gen.); etc.


TABARD: tanutrāvāraḥ (?) and sim. comp. s.

TABBY: kalmāṣita (f. ): v. Dappled, spotted.

TABERNACLE: dūṣyam: v. Tent.

TABLATURE: a picture: ālekhyam.

TABLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 phalakam;
     2 patram (=leaf).
     II A picture: ālekhyam.
     III Fig.: patram, t. of contents: nirghaṇṭapatram; interest-t. s: kusīdapatram.
     IV Of hand rekhāvinyāsaḥ or rekhāḥ (f. pl.).
     V A piece of furniture: no equiv.: *stammalam. Ph.: to keep a good t.: bhojanaviśeṣānupakalpayati (c. of kḷp). T.-cloth: *stambhalāstaraṇam.

TABLELAND: mālaṃ kṣetram and sim. comp. s.

TABLE-TALK:
     I Lit.: *stambhalālāpaḥ.
     II Fig.: viśrambhālāpaḥ, etc.

TABLET: v. Table (I), plate.

TABAR, TABRET: paṇavaḥ: v. Drum.

TABULAR: no equiv.: phalakīkṛta (f. ).

TACIT: expr. by adv.: v. Also silent.

TACITLY:
     1 tūṣṇīm (= silently: q. v.);
     2 manasā (=in mind).

TACITURN:
     I Reserved: q. v.
     II Silent: q. v.: maunin (f. ).

TACITURNITY: maunam: v. Silence.

TACK:
     I To fasten: q. v.: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II To turn: q. v.: vyāvartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II A nail: kīlaḥ.
     IV A rope: guṇaḥ.

TACKLE, -ING (subs.): majjā: v. Ship, equipment.

TACKLE (v.):
     I To harness: q. v.:
     II Seize: q. v.

TACT: perh. vaidagdham or kauśalam: v. Skill.

TACTICIAN: perh. yuktikuśala (f. ): v. Skilful.

TACTICS: perh. yuktikauśalam: v. Skill, strategy.

TADPOLE: bhekaḍimbaḥ and sim. comp. s.: v. Young.

TAG:
     I Subs.: agram (= point).
     II Put a t. to: v. To put.

TAIL:
     I Lit.:
     1 lāṅgūlam;
     2 puccha (rarely piccha) (mn.);
     3 bālaḥ -dhiḥ;
     4 lañjaḥ (rare).
     II Fig.: puccha (mn.).

TAILED:
     1 lāṅgūlin (f. );
     2 pucchavat (f. ); and sim. comp. s.

TAILLESS:
     1 nirlāṅgu(ṅgū)la (f. );
     2 pucchahīna (f. ); etc.

TAILOR:
     1 saucikaḥ;
     2 tunnavāyaḥ, Ram. ii. 83. 15.;
     2 sevanakartṛ (m.) and sim. comp. s. com.

TAILOR-BIRD:
     1 cañcusūciḥ;
     2 ṭuṇṭukaḥ.

TAILORING:
     1 sūcikarman (n.);
     2 sūcyāsevanam, etc.

TAINT (v.): dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To stain, pollute.

TAINT (subs.):
     I Corruption: q. v.: dūṣaṇam
     II Stain: q. v.: kalaṅkaḥ.

TAKE (v. t.):
     I In general:
     1 gṛhnāti (graha, c. 9.), t. ing and looking: gṛhītvā nirīkṣya, Mu. i.; t. up arms: gṛhāṇa śastram, R. iii. 51.; t. n but afterwards released: gṛhītapratimukta (f. ktā), R. iv. 43.; he took the way of running pigs: jagrāha sa drutavarāhakulasya mārgam, R. ix. 59.; did she t. (it) from the hinds: tayā gṛhītaṃ nu mṛgāṅganābhyaḥ, Ku. i. 46.; when he t. s your hand solemnly: anena pāṇau vidhivad gṛhīte, R. vi. 63.; intending to t. the arrow: śaraṃ jigṛkṣuḥ, Ki. xiii. 32.; without t. ing beetles: agṛhītatāmbūla (f. ), C. v.; took a few mouthfuls: katicit kavalānyagṛhṇāt, C. v.; rustics t. (it) otherwise: anyathā gṛhṇanti grāmyāḥ, C. vii.; do not t. advice: na gṛhṇantyupadeśam, K.; to t. all forms: viśvarūpatvaṃ grahītum, K.; to t. venerable men by service: grahītumāryān paricaryayā, Si. i. 17.; so long as Rākshasa is not t.n: agṛhīte rākṣase, Mu. i.; when they t.ing your signs: teṣu gṛhītasaṃjñeṣu, Mu. i.; are t.n as if by evils stars: grahairiva gṛhyante, K.; t. the pride of killing a woman: gṛhāṇa vadhūvadhapauruṣam, N. iv. 53.; His Majesty who has t.n his name well: tasya sugṛhītanāmno devasya, C. vii.;
     2 ādatte sam-, (, c. 3.: physically), t.ing the girl by the hand: kanyāmādadānaḥ kareṇa, Ku.; for t. ing is for spending: ādānaṃ hi visargāya, R.: v. Also to catch, hold, view, understand.
     II Special. Ph.: to t. food: āhāraṃ karoti; t. rest: viśrāmaṃ karoti; t. aim at: lakṣyīkaroti; t. root: mūlaṃ badhnāti; t. compassion: dayāṃ karoti; t. fire: agnimupaiti; t. courage: samāśvasiti; t. leave of: āmantrayati; t. oath: śapathaṃ karoti; t. pains: pariśramaṃ karoti; t. place: v. To happen; t. part: hastaṃ dadāti; t. care of: rakṣati; t. effect: saphalībhavati; t. wine etc.: madyaṃ etc. sevate ni- (sev, c. 1.), Ni.; time for t.ing medicines: bhaiṣajyasevanakālaḥ, Bha.; it is time to t. bath and food: samayaḥ khalu snānabhojane sevitum. V. v. 11.
     III To conduct, convey: q. v.: nayati (, c. 1.),

TAKE (v. i.):
     I To have effect: to t. well: hitaṃ karoti.
     II To resort: q. v.: śrayati (śri, c. 1.).
     III To please: q. v.

TAKE AWAY:
     I To take, carry: q. v.: ādatte.
     II To remove: q. v.:
     1 apanayati vi-, the darkness of rage should be taken away: roṣamayaṃ timiramapaneyam, Ki. ii. 36.;
     2 harati apa-, I will t. this fortune by gambling: dyūtena śriyaṃ hariṣyāmi, Mah. ii. 56. 1.;
     3 apavahati (vah, c. 1.), t.ing away the bladder: klomapohya, D. viii.

TAKE DOWN:
     I Lit.: adho nayati etc.
     II To write down: likhati (likh, c. 6.).

TAKE FOR: v. To take, regard, view.

TAKE IN, INTO:
     I To take, as water: gṛhṇāti.
     II To cheat: q. v.: vipralabhate (labh, c. 1.).
     III To contract: q. v.

TAKE OFF:
     I To remove: q. v.:
     1 apanayati, t.ing off their helmets: apanītaśirastrāṇāḥ, R. iv. 64.;
     2 unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.: only of shoes, etc.), t. ing them (the shoes) off: tadynmucya, Vi.

TAKE ON:
     I To assume: gṛhṇāti.
     II To lament: q. v.

TAKE OUT:
     I Lit.: bahiṣkaroti, t. ing out his son from the granary: tatputraṃ kuśūlādvahiṣkṛtya, H. ii.
     II To remove: q. v.: apanayati.

TAKE ROUND: pariṇayati, Ku. vii. 80.: v. Take, round.

TAKE TO: sevate, (sev, c. 1.), everyday took to hunting: sadā siṣeve mṛgayām, K. s. xi. 3.: v. Betake.

TAKE TO ONESELF: v. Take upon oneself.

TAKE UP:
     I In gen.: gṛhṇāti pari-.
     II To begin: q. v.

TAKE UPON ONESELF: svayaṃ vyavasyati (so, c. 4.). ; v. To undertake.

TAKER:
     1 grahītṛ (f. trī);
     2 netṛ (f. trī); etc.: v. To take.

TAKING (adj.): mohana (f. ): v. Charming, attractive.

TALC:
     1 abhram -kam, calx of t.: abhrtakabhasman (n.);
     2 ambaram;
     3 girijam.

TALE:
     I Story: q. v.:
     1 kathā, narrate some t. to me: kathāmākhayāhi me kāṃcit, K. s. x. 3.;
     2 ākhyānam upa- (=narrative);
     3 ākhyāyikā (=romance).
     II Enumeration: gaṇanā pari-, Me. i. 22.

TALENT:
     I Natural ability: śaktiḥ: v. Genius.
     II Intellectual ability: dhīśaktiḥ and sim. comp. s.
     III A coin or weight.

TALENTED: dhīśaktisampanna (f. nnā) and sim. comp.s.

TALISMAN:
     I Amulet: q. v.: kavacaḥ.
     II Magic: māyā.

TALK (subs.):
     1 ālāpaḥ, it is the t. of the remotest corners: digantareṣvayamālāpo vartate, K.: v. Conversation;
     2 uktiḥ: v. Saying, rumour;
     3 jalpaḥ -nam or jalpitam (=idle t.);
     4 kathā sam- (= chat), and having other t.: anyābhiśca kathāmiḥ, K.; I will hear their private t.: śṛṇomi viśvastakathitānyāsām, Sa. iii.

TALK (v.):
     1 ālapati saṃ- (lap, c. 1.): v. To converse;
     2 bhāṣate saṃ- (bhāṣ, c. 1.): v. To speak, say.

TALKATIVE:
     1 jalpāka (f. ), with t. women: jalpākībhiḥ saha strībhiḥ. B. vii. 19.;
     2 jalpanaśīla (f. ), and sim. comp.s.;
     3 bahubhāṣin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.

TALKATIVENESS:
     1 bahubhāṣitā, etc.;
     2 by adj.

TALL:
     1 ucca (f. ccā,=high), she has protruding eyes, is very t.: kaṭhoranetrā sātyuccā, M. p. 69. 30.; from a t. tree: uccataroḥ, Si. vii. 38.;
     2 dīrgha (f. rghā=long), and (she) who is very t.: atīva yā ca dīrghā, V. m. 70. 20.;
     3 prāṃśu (mfn.: rare), which can be reached by a t. (man): praṃśulabhya (f. bhyā), R. i. 3.

TALLNESS:
     1 uccatā;
     2 dīrghatā (only of person);
     3 prāṃśutā (rare).

TALLOW: meṣādīnāṃ vasā: v. Fat.

TALLOW-CANDLE: vasāvartiḥ (?) and sim. comp.s.

TALLY (v.): saṃvadati (vad, c. 1.): v. To agree, fit.

TALLY (subs.):
     I Match: q. v.: anurūpa (f. ).
     II *vyavahāradaṇḍaḥ.

TALMUD: ihudīyasaṃhitā.

TALON: nakharaḥ: v. Claw.

TAMARIND:
     I The tree:
     1 ciñcā -vṛkṣaḥ, D.;
     2 tintiḍī(lī);
     3 amli(mlī)kā.
     II The fruit:
     1 ciñcā -phalam;
     2 tintiḍī -kam.

TAMARIND-FISH: [ciñcārasarañjitaḥ] illasaḥ, Bha. (īllīśaḥ or īlīśaḥ, Wilson).

TAMARISK:
     1 bhkāvuḥ(vūḥ) -kaḥ;
     2 piculaḥ (ambiguous).

TAMBOUR, -INE: ḍiṇḍimaḥ: v. Drum.

TAME (adj.):
     I Of animals:
     1 gṛhya (f. hyā = domestic: q. v. );
     2 grāmya (f. myā = village: q. v. );
     3 vinīta (f. ).
     II Spiritless: nistejas (mfn.), and sim. comp.s. ; v. Also dull.

TAME (v.):
     1 damayati (c. of dam), t.ing all: sarvadamana (f. ), Sa. vii.;
     2 vinayati (, c. 1.), as if to t. the wild beasts: vanyān vineṣyanniva duṣṭasattvān, R. ii. 8.

TAMELY: kāpuruṣavat: v. Meanly.

TAMENESS:
     I Lit.: vinītatā: v. Tame.
     II Fig.: nistejaskatā: v. Also dullness, meanness.

TAMER:
     1 damayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 vinetṛ (f. trī), etc.

TAMPER WITH (v.):
     I To meddle: q. v.:
     II To corrupt: q. v.:
     1 dūṣayati (c. of duṣ);
     2 vaśīkaroti (=get over).

TAN:
     I As leather: śodhayati (c. of śudh).
     II To make brown: śyāmīkaroti.

TANDEM: to drive t.: agrapaścādaśvau cālayati etc.

TANGENT: *sparśarekhā.

TANGIBLE:
     I Lit.: sparśanīya (f. ): v. To touch.
     II Perceptible, palpable: q. v.: prakaṭa (f. ṭā).

TANGLE: v. Entangle.

TANK:
     I Of water:
     1 taḍāgam;
     2 dīrghikā (long t.);
     3 vāpī (= square t.);
     4 jalāśayaḥ (in gen.).
     II A vessel: kṛṇḍam.

TANKARD: caṣaka (mn.= cup).

TANNER: carmaśodhaka (f. dhikā) and sim. comp.s.

TANTALIZE: perh. āśāṃ varddhayati (c. of vṛdh = raise hope).

TANTAMOUNT: expr. with phalita (f. ): v. Equivalent.

TANYARD: carmaśodhanacatvaram and sim. comp.s.

TAP (v.):
     I To base a hole; chidrayati (chidra, c. 10.).
     II To hit lightly: laghu āhanti (han, c. 2.).

TAP:
     1 laghughātaḥ;
     2 mṛducapeṭaḥ; etc.

TAPE: no equiv.: *tepaḥ.

TAPER (Sus): dīpikā (?): v. Light.

TAPER, -ING (adj.):
     1 vṛttānupūrva (f. rvā);
     2 gopucchākāra (f. ), M.n.; etc.

TAPESTRY: citrayavanikā (?): v. Screen.

TAPEWORM: kṛmiḥ, removes t.s: kṛminut (mfn.), Bha.

TAPIR: a pig-like animal: *tāpīḍaḥ.

TAR:
     I Subs.:
     1 sarjarasaḥ;
     2 saraladravaḥ;
     3 rālaḥ a-.
     II Smear with t.: v. To besmear; t. red: arālalipta (f. ptā), etc.

TARANTULA: a spider: *tārantakaḥ.

TARDILY: cireṇa: v. Slowly.

TARDINESS: v. Slowness, lateness.

TARDY:
     1 cirakriyaḥ (yā yaṃ: of men);
     2 with cira- in comp. or cireṇa or vilambita (= delayed): v. Slow, late.

TARE:
     I A weed: kakṣabhedaḥ.
     II In commerce: kṣayaḥ.

TARGET:
     I A shield: kṣudracarman (n.).
     II Aim: lakṣyam.

TARGETEER: carmadharaḥ and sim. comp.s.

TARIFF: (paṇya) śulkapatrikā and sim. comp.s. (?).

TARNISH (v. t.): dūṣayati (c. of duṣ).

TARNISH (v. i.): malinībhavati: v. Also dull.

TARRY: vilambte (lamb, c. 1.): v. To stop.

TART:
     I Adj.: amla (f. mlā): v. Sour.
     II Subs.: *amlīyam, t. fruit: ablīyaṃ phalam.

TARTAR:
     1 dantaśarkarā;
     2 puṣpikā;
     3 dantamalam;
     4 pippikā.

TASK (subs.):
     1 karman: v. Work;
     2 bhāraḥ: Burden.

TASK (v.):
     I Lit.: karma nyasyati (as, c. 4.).
     II To take to t.: anuśāsti (śās, c. 2.): v. Also to task.

TASSEL: perh. picchaḥ.

TASTE:
     I The act:
     1 svādaḥ -nam ā-;
     2 rasaḥ -nam. Ph.: to have a t. of: v. To taste.
     II Flavour, relish:
     1 svādaḥ ā-;
     2 rasaḥ, so t. of tongue: tathā raso rasajñāyāḥ, Par.
     III The sense: rasanam, of t. of sight: rāsanaṃ cākṣuṣam, Par.
     IV Critical judgment, liking: ruciḥ, men have different t. s: bhinnarucirlokaḥ, R.

TASTE (v. t.):
     1 svādayati ā- (c. of svad), to t. blood: śoṇitamāsvādayati, Mu. i. 8.;
     2 rasayati (ras, c. 10.), to t. wine: vāruṇīṃ rasayati, Ki. ix. 54.

TASTE (v.i.): svadate (svad, c. 1.), N. iii. 93.

TASTE OF (v.t.):
     I To taste: q. v.: rasayati.
     II To smack of:
     1 svadate with an adj. or adv., t. s of garlic: salaśunaḥ (nā naṃ) svadate;
     2 by comp. with svāda (= flavour).

TASTEFUL:
     I Savoury:
     1 svādu (f. also dvī), sand-water is cool and t.: cikiraṃ śītalaṃ svādu, Bha.;
     2 rucya (f. cyā = relishing);
     3 rucikara (f. = 2.);
     4 rocana (f. = 2.).
     II Showing good taste:
     1 hṛdya;
     2 hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp. s.

TASTEFULLY: expr. by adj.: v. Also neatly, skilfully.

TASTEFULNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 svādutā;
     2 rucyatā;
     3 rucikaratvam;
     4 rocanatvam.
     II Fig.:
     1 hṛdyatā;
     2 hṛdayagrāhitā, and sim. comp.s.

TASTELESS:
     1 nīrasa (f. );
     2 virasa (f. );
     3 arasa (f. );
     4 rasahīna (f. ).

TASTER: Lit. and fig.:
     1 rasayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 svādayitṛ (f. trī).

TASTILY, TASTINESS, TASTY: v. Tastefully, tastefulness, tasteful.

TATTER: cīracīvaram: v. Rag. T.ed: jīrṇa (f. rṇā).

TATTLE, TATTLER: v. Babble, babbler.

TATTOO:
     I Subs.: paṭahapraṇādaḥ and sim. comp.s.
     II Verb.: saṃrañjayati (ranj, c. 10.) (?).

TAUNT:
     I Verb: adhikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To censure, abuse.
     II Subs.: ākṣepaḥ: v. Censure, abuse.

TAUNTINGLY:
     1 sākṣepam;
     2 sādhikṣepam;
     3 sopālambham.

TAUTOLOGICAL or TAUTOLOGOUS: t. (expression): punarukta (f. ktā).

TAUTOLOGY:
     1 punaruktiḥ;
     2 punaruktam -tvam ().

TAVERN: pathikāśramaḥ.

TAWDRY: bahirujjvala (f. ).

TAWNY:
     1 piṅga (f. ṅgā);
     2 piṅgalaḥ (lā laṃ);
     3 piśaṅga (f. ṅgī);
     4 kapilaḥ (lā laṃ);
     5 kaḍāraḥ (rā raṃ);
     6 kadru (mfn.).

TAX:
     1 karaḥ, M. viii. 307.: v. Revenue;
     2 śulkaḥ: v. Custom.

TAX (v.):
     I Lit.: karaṃ nyasyati (as, c. 4.) or nidadhāti (dhā, c. 3.) (with loc.).
     II Fig., as to t. one's energies: āyāsayati (nomi.).
     III To censure: q. v.: anuśāsti (śās, c. 2.).

TAXABLE:
     1 karayogya (f. gyā);
     2 karārha (f. rhā), etc.

TAXATION: indirect and direct t.: *vyavahitāvyavahitakaranidhānam or -sthāpanam.

TEA: cahā, to take t.: cahāṃ pibati.

TEACH: adhyāpayati (c. of i: with double acc.), taught you the Vedantas: vedāntānadhyajīgapat, An. iii. 13.; avyāpitasyośanasāpi nītim, Ku. iii. 6.: v. To instruct.

TEACHABLE:
     1 adhyāpanīya (f. );
     2 śikṣārha (f. rhā), etc.

TEACHER:
     1 avyāpaka (f. pikā);
     2 śikṣaka (f. kṣikā);
     3 śikṣayitṛ (f. trī). Religious t.:
     1 upāvyāya (f. );
     2 ācārya (f. ryānī).

TEACHING (subs.):
     1 avyāpanam (the act);
     2 śikṣā (= instruction: q. v. ).

TEAK:
     I The tree: arṇaḥ.
     II The wood: arṇam -kāṣṭham.

TEAL: a bird: śmarāliḥ (tiḥ also -rī or ).

TEAM: expr. by pl. or with yugya (f. gyā = yoked), t. of oxen: gāvaḥ; t. of horses: yugyāḥ (when sense clear).

TEAMSTER: expr. by vāhaka etc. (= driver: q. v. ).

TEAR (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 aśru (sru, n.), shedding of t. s.: aśrupātaḥ, Ve.; her breast starred with t.-drops: aśrubindutārakitapayodharā, D. ii.; veiled with continuous flow of t.s; aśrusroto'vaguṇṭhitaḥ (tā taṃ) D. i.; with cool t.s (i. e. of joy): śiśireṇāśruṇā, D. v.;
     2 bāṣpaḥ -jalam, etc., the throat almost choked with t.s: bāṣpakuṇṭhakaṇṭhaḥ, D. v.; drew t. s in the shape of sap from boughs; akarot......srutaśākhārasabāṣpadūṣitān, R. viii. 70.;
     3 asram(śram), blinded by t.s: asrāndhatayā, R. xiv. 2.;
     4 nayanajalam, and sim. comp.s.
     II Rent, fissure: chidram.

TEAR (v.):
     I To rend, shatter: q. v.: vidārayati (dṝ, c. 10.).
     II As letters: chinatti (chid, c. 7. = to cut), torn garment: chinnaṃ vasram; t.s away (or off) in our presence: miṣatāmācchinatti naḥ, Ku. ii. 46.
     III To pluck, pull: q. v.
     IV Move violently: dhāvati pari- (dhāv, c. 1.). Ph.: t. open: chitvā unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. To open.

TEARFUL:
     1 sāśru (mfn.);
     2 paryaśru (mfn.);
     3 aśrusaṅkula (f. );
     4 sabāṣpa (f. ṣpā), etc.

TEARFULLY: expr. by adj. or comp.

TEARLESS:
     1 niraśru (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

TEASE: kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh): v. To vex.

TEAT: vṛntam: v. Also nipple.

TECHNICAL:
     I Lit.: paribhāṣika (f. ).
     II As of objection: kūṭa- in comp.

TECHNICALITY:
     I Lit.: pāribhāṣikatvam (-tā). A t. term: pāribhāṣikaśabdaḥ.
     III As of objection: kūṭatā or tvam.

TECHNICALLY:
     1 paribhāṣānusāreṇa;
     2 better by adj.

TECHNOLOGY:
     I Of arts: śilpavijñānam.
     II Of terms: paribhāṣā, general t.: sāmānyaparibhāṣā. Mit.

TEDIOUS:
     I Tiresome, wearisome: q. v.: klāntikara (f. ) and sim. comp.s, if it is not very t.: tad yadi nātikhedakaram, K.
     II Slow: q. v.: manthara (f. ).
     III As a writer: dīrghasūtra (f. trā).

TEDIOUSLY:
     I So as to tire:
     1 expr. by circumlo.;
     2 atidīrgham (= very long).
     II Slowly: mantharam.

TEADIOUSNESS:
     I Wearisomeness:
     1 khedajananatvam -tā;
     2 by circumlo.
     II Slowness: mantharatā.
     III As of writings: dīrghasūtratā.

TEEM (v.): expr. with, pracuraḥ (rā raṃ): v. To abound, abundant.

TEETH (v.): expr. by danta and a verb udgacchati (gam, c. 1.), jāyate (jan, c. 4.), etc., T.ing i.e. dentition: dantodgamaḥ.

TEGUMENT: veṣṭanam ā-, Bha.: v. Covering.

TELEGRAM: *tāḍitī vārttā.

TELEGRAPH:
     I Subs.: *taḍidvārttāvahaḥ.
     II Verb.: *tāḍitena sandiśati (diś, c. 6.).

TELEOLOGY: mīmāṃsā (?); hetuvidyā (?).

TELESCOPE: *dūravīkṣaṇam -yantram.

TELL (v.t.):
     1 kathayati (kath, c. 10.), learnt without being told: akathitaśikṣita (f. ), K.; when I tell the history of (his) former life: janmāntaravṛttantaṃ mayi kathayati, K.; that (my) internal wish is told by the eyes: yaccakṣuṣaiva hṛdayābhilāṣa kathyate, K.; whom should I tell: kasya kathayāmi, K.;
     2 āvedayati (c. of vid = inform, narrate), I will t. (you) everything from the beginning: āditaḥ prabhṛti sarvaṃ nivedayiṣyāmaḥ, K.: v. To say, relate.

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TELL (v. i.):
     I In good sense: expr. with guṇaḥ (effect) or valaṃ (strength) dṛśyate.
     II In bad sense with on: durbalīkaroti.

TELLER:
     1 kathaka (f. thikā);
     2 kathayitṛ (f. trī);
     3 āvedaka (f. dikā).

TELL-TALE: i.e. informer: sūcakaḥ.

TEMERITY: sāhasam: v. Boldness, rashness.

TEMPER (v.):
     I To mix: q. v.: saṃmiśrayati (miśr, c. 10.).
     II To soften, mollify: snigdhī karoti.
     III Of steel, etc. mṛdūkaroti (?).

TEMPER (subs.):
     I Character, nature: q. v.: śīlam. Ph.: bad t.ed: kopana (f. ): v. Irritable,
     II Due mixture: sambhedaḥ.

TEMPERAMENT: prakṛtiḥ: v. Nature, character.

TEMPERANCE: perh. saṃyamaḥ, t. in eating and drinking: pānāśanasaṃyamaḥ (?); t. society: pānasaṃyamasabhā (?): v. Moderation.

TEMPERATE:
     I Moderate: q. v.: mita (f. ).
     II Cool, calm: q. v.: śānta (f. ntā).
     III Continent: q. v.: saṃyata (f. ), perh.: t. zone: *nātiśītoṣṇamaṇḍalam.

TEMPERATELY
     1 mitam;
     2 śāntam;
     3 saṃyatam.

TEMPERATURE: uṣṇamānam (?) dharmaparimāṇam (?) etc.

TEMPEST, TEMPESTUOUS: v. Storm, stormy.

TEMPLE (subs.):
     I A sacred building:
     1 devālayaḥ and sim. comp.s, t. of Śiva: śivāyatanam Vet. 20.; empty t.: śūnyaṃ devakulam, Mr. ii.; t. of the mistress of the world (Durgā): bhuvaneśvarīdevatālayaḥ, Bh.; t. of Vishnu: viṣṇorniketanam, Kaj.: v. House, edifice;
     2 siddhāyatanam, t. of Śiva: śūlapāṇeḥ siddhāyatanam K.;
     3 maṭhaḥ, P.;
     4 vihāraḥ (of Buddhas).
     II Of the head:
     1 śaṅkhaḥ;
     2 kumbhaḥ.

TEMPORAL:
     I Worldly: q. v.: sāṃsārika (f. ).
     II Of the temple of the head: by comp., t. region: kumbhadeśaḥ.

TEMPORARILY:
     1 svalpakālam and sim. comp.s.

TEMPORARY:
     1 acirasthāyin (f. );
     2 svalpakālika (f. ); etc.: v. Also transient.

TEMPORIZE:
     I To be a time-server: chando'nuruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.) or anuvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     II To delay: q. v.: vilambate (lamb, c. 1.).

TEMPORIZER:
     1 chando'nurodhin (f. );
     2 samayānuvartin (f. ); etc.

TEMPT:
     I To allure, entice: q. v.: pralobhayati (c. of lubh).
     II To attempt, try: q. v.

TEMPTATION:
     1 pralobhanam;
     2 vilobhanam, who is not allured by other t. s: ahṛtasya vilobhanāntaraiḥ, R. viii. 69.

TEMPTER:
     1 pralobhaka (f. bhikā);
     2 vilobhaka (f. bhikā).

TEN: daśan (mfn.), t.-armed: daśabhujaḥ (jā jaṃ); twice t.: dvidaśāḥ; in t. ways: daśaghā; t. times: daśakṛtvaḥ daśavārān; in the t. quarters: daśasu dikṣu R. viii. 29.

TENABLE:
     1 rakṣaṇīya (f. );
     2 by verb.: v. To keep.

TENACIOUS:
     I Pertinacious: q. v.: grāhin (f. ṇī).
     II Retentive: q. v.: dhāraṇāvat (f. ).
     III Glutinous: q. v.: śyāna (f. ).

TENACIOUSLY: sāgraham: v. Persistently.

TENACITY:
     I Pertinacity: grāhaḥ.
     II Retentiveness: q. v.: dhāraṇāśaktiḥ.
     III Glutinousness: śyānatā -tvam ā-.

TENANCY: bhūmyadhivāsitvam or gṛhādhivāsitvam (?), a right of t.: bhūmyadhivāsādhikāraḥ (?).

TENANT (subs.): bhūmyadhivāsin (f. ) (?), t. of house: gṛhādhivāsin (f. ).

TENANT (v.):
     1 adhivasati (vas, c. 1.=inhabit: q. v. ;
     2 bhāṭayati (=hire: q. v. ).

TENANTRY: adhivāsivargaḥ and sim. comp.s (?).

TENCH: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

TEND:
     I To take care of:
     1 cārayati (c. of car: only of cattle, etc.), t. ing cattle at distance: cārayanto dūre gāḥ, V. p. v. 9. 3.;
     2 pālayati (pāl, c. 10.: gen.), t.ing cattle: gāḥ pālayantau v. p. v. 8. 1.
     II To conduce;
     1 kalpate pari- (kḷp, c. 1.), and tend to their protection: kalpase rakṣaṇāya, Sa. v. 8.;
     2 upapadyate (pad, c. 4.), t.s to my state: madbhāvāyopapadyate, G. xiii. 18.
     III Direct, aim: q. v.

TENDENCY:
     1 pravaṇatā or prāvaṇyam;
     2 svabhāvaḥ.

TENDER (adj.):
     I Soft, delicate: q. v.: sukumāraḥ (rā raṃ), delicate weapon: sukumāramastram, K.; in this t. age: asmin sukumāravayasi.
     II Compassionate, kind: q. v.: t. sentiment: karuṇo rasaḥ, U.; the hearts of good men are always t.: karuṇārdrāṇi satāṃ khalu bhavanti sadā cetāṃsi.

TENDER (v.): upanayati (, c. 1.): v. To offer.

TENDER (subs.): upanyāsaḥ: v. Offer.

TENDERLY:
     I Softly: q. v.: snigdham.
     II Kindly: q. v.: karuṇam.

TENDERNESS:
     I Softness: q. v.: saukumāryam.
     II Kindness: q. v.: karuṇā.

TENDINOUS: śirāla (f. ): v. Sinewy.

TENDON:
     1 śirā;
     2 snāyuḥ: v. Sinew.

TENDRIL: tantuḥ (=thread).

TENEMENT:
     I In law: sthāvaram.
     II A house: bhavanam.

TENET: matam: v. Opinion, doctrine.

TENFOLD: expr. by adj. daśaguṇa (f. ṇā).

TENNIS: krīḍāviśeṣaḥ, t. ball: *vikṣepakandukaḥ.

TENOR:
     I Lit.: bhāvaḥ: v. Purport.
     II In music: madhyamasvaraḥ (?).

TENSE (subs.): kālaḥ (=time): v. Grammar.

TENSE (adj.): ātata (f. ): v. Stretch.

TENSION:
     I Lit.: ātatiḥ (?).
     II Severity, rigour: q. v.

TENT (subs.):
     I Of canvas:
     1 paṭaveśman (n.) and sim. comp.s, in the way the lord's stays were in t.s: pathi prabhornivāsāḥ paṭaveśamabhirbabhuḥ Si. xii. 63.:
     2 dūṣyam, Si. xii. 65.
     II Roll of lint: perh. paṭṭaḥ.

TENTIVE, -LY: expr. by circumlo.: v. To try.

TENTED: expr. by comp.: v. Tent, to have, to cover.

TENTH:
     I Adj.: daśamaḥ (mī maṃ), t. (in descent) from Prajāpati: daśamaḥ prajāpateḥ. Mah. i. 70. 1.; Hundred and t.: daśādhikaśatatamaḥ (mī maṃ).
     II Subs.:
     1 daśamaḥ, a t. was collected by (her) lover: daśamakaḥ saṃgṛhītaḥ priyeṇa, Li. 24.;
     2 daśamāṃśaḥ;
     3 daśāṃśaḥ.

TENUITY: tānavam: v. Thinness.

TEPID:
     1 kavoṣṇa kaduṣṇa, or koṣṇa (f. ṣṇā);
     2 īṣaduṣṇa (f. ṣṇā);
     3 kutapaḥ (pā paṃ: rare).

TEPIDNESS:
     1 kavoṣṇatā;
     2 īṣaduṣṇatā; etc.: v.

TERGIVERSATION: Evasion, prevarication.

TERM (subs.): Limit, end: q. v.: avadhiḥ.
     II A period of time:
     1 kālāvadhiḥ;
     2 not expr.;
     3 avadhiḥ (absol.), or if you wait for a term: atha cedavadhiḥ pratīkṣyate, Ki. ii. 16.
     III A word: q. v.: here the word paśu: atra paśupadam, Kav. viii.
     IV In plu. = agreement: q. v.: samayaḥ, as t.s (have support) in justice: nyāyamavadhaya iva, Ki. xii. 17.
     V State of intercourse: bhāvaḥ, good t.s: sadbhāvaḥ: v. Friendship; bad t s: asadbhāvaḥ. v. Enmity.
     VI In arith.: padam, seven t.s: saptapadam, Li. 93.; first t.: vadanam ādiḥ Li. 100; etc.

TERM (v.): abhidhatte (dhā, c. 3.): v. To call, name.

TERMAGANT: durdāntakalahapriya (f. ) and sim. comp.s. (?).

TERMINAL:
     1 antya (f. ntyā): v. Last;
     2 sīmā in comp.: v. Boundary.

TERMINATE:
     I Intrans.: expr. by subs., t.ing syllable: antyavarṇaḥ: v. To end.
     II Trans.: samāpayati (c. of āp): v. To finish.

TERMINATION:
     1 antam: v. End.;
     2 avasānam: v. Conclusion.

TERMINOLOGY: paribhāṣā, Mit.

TERN: jalakukku ṭaviśeṣaḥ.

TERNARY: T. number: trikam.

TERRACE:
     I Balcony: alindaḥ.
     II Roof: chadiḥ (m.).
     III Raised ground: perh. vapra (mn.).

TERRAQUEOUS:
     1 jalasthalamayaḥ (yī yaṃ);
     2 jalasthalātmaka (f. tmikā); etc.

TERRENE, TERRESTRIAL:
     I Pertaining to earth:
     1 by comp., t. globe: bhūgolaḥ;
     2 pārthivaḥ, (vī vaṃ);
     3 bhaumaḥ (mī maṃ).
     II Relating to this life:
     1 aihikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sāṃsārikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     3 laukikaḥ (kī kaṃ).

TERRIBLE:
     1 ghoraḥ (rā raṃ);
     2 dāruṇa (f. ṇā), ni-: v. Frightful.

TERRIBLY:
     1 balavat;
     2 gāḍham (= deeply);
     3 bhṛśam (= exccedingly).

TERRIER: kukku rabhedaḥ; *bhaumikaśvan (m.).

TERRIFIC:
     1 bhīṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 bhīmaḥ (mā maṃ): v. Also terrible.

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TERRIFY: bhīṣayate (c. of bhī): v. To frighten.

TERRITORIAL: expr. by comp., t. boundaries: deśasīmā, R. xvi. 1.

TERRITORY:
     1 rāṣṭram: v. Kingdom;
     2 deśaḥ pra-: Country, province.

TERROR:
     I Great fear: q. v.: trāsaḥ saṃ- pari-.
     II Object of dread: trāsakara (f. ) and sim. comp.s, a t. even to the sages: trāsajananamapi tatvavidām, Ki. xii. 6.

TERSE:
     1 lavu (f. also dhvī), Si. ii. 23.;
     2 lāghavānvitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xi. 38.;
     3 saṃkṣipta (f. ptā = brief, concise: q. v. ), Si. ii. 24.

TERSELY: expr. by adj.

TERSENESS: lāghavam: v. Terse.

TERTIAN: tṛtīyakaḥ -jvaraḥ.

TESSELATED: vicitra (f. trā: (?).

TEST:
     I Verb.: parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To examine.
     II Subs.: parīkṣā: v. Examination.
     III Means of trial:
     1 pramāṇam, you are the only t.: yūyameva pramāṇam, Sa. v. 25.;
     2 by circumlo.

TESTAMENT:
     I A will: *icchāpatrama.
     II Of the Bible: saṃhitā, old: prācīnasaṃhitā.

TESTAMENTARY: *icchāpatravihita (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

TESTATOR, TESTATRIX: *icchāpatrakārin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp.s.

TESTICLE: aṇḍam -koṣaḥ(śaḥ);
     2 muṣkaḥ;
     3 vṛṣaṇaḥ, t. s: vṛṣaṇau.

TESTIFY:
     I As a witness: sākṣyaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).
     II In gen.: bravīti or brūte (brū, c. 2.). if one t.ies falsely: atha cedanṛtaṃ brūyāt, Mit.: v. To tell, speak.

TESTIMONIAL: *praśaṃsāpatram, and sim. comp.s.

TESTIMONY: sākṣyam, a witness giving false t.: sākṣī sākṣyaṃ mṛṣā bruvan, Mit.: v. Also evidence.

TETANUS: dhanuṣṭaṅkāraḥ.

TETHER:
     I Verb: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.).
     II Subs.: bandhanarajjuḥ.

TETRAD:
     1 catuṣṭayam;
     2 catuṣkam.

TETRARCH: maṇḍaleśaḥ (?): v. Chief.

TETTER: dadruviśeṣaḥ.

TEXT:
     I Original writing: mūlam, I shall not write any thing outside the t.: nāmūlaṃ likhyate kiñcit, M. n.
     II Of scripture:
     1 vacanam;
     2 ṝc (f. of the Rigveda).

TEXTILE:
     1 tāntava (f. );
     2 tantunirmita (f. ), etc.

TEXTUAL:
     1 by comp.;
     2 mūlāpekṣa (f. kṣā) and sim. comp.s.

TEXTURE:
     I Lit.: tāntavam.
     II Quality of threads: guṇaḥ.
     III Arrangement: vinyāsaḥ.

THAN:
     1 by abl., the people of Mathurā are richer t. the people of Pātnā: māthurāḥ pāṭalīputrabhya āḍhyatarāḥ, S. k.; swifter t. the mind: manaso'pyāśutaram, Ki. xiii. 22.; and the king who gave more t. was asked for: nṛpo'rthikāmādadhikapradaśca, R. v. 31.; dearer to you t. I.: mattaḥ priyatarastava, K.;
     2 sometimes by comp., more t. twenty times: adhikaviṃśān vārān, Au.: v. Also more. N.B. In old books the ins. is often used for the abl.: ko'nvasti duḥkhitataro mayā duṣkṛtakarmaṇā, Ram. ii. 59. 30.

THANK: dhanyavādaṃ karoti (?).

THANKFUL:
     1 kṛtajña (f. jñā);
     2 kṛtavedin (f. ); etc.

THANKFULLY:
     1 dhanyavādapuraḥsaram, and sim. comp.s (?).

THANKFULNESS:
     1 dhanyavādaḥ or dhanyavāditā (?): v. Gratitude.

THANKLESS:
     I Of men: akṛtajña (f. jñā): v. Ungrateful.
     II Of work. etc.: yaḥ (yā yat) na praśasyate: v. To praise.

THANKLESSLY: expr. by circumlo.

THANKS: dhanyavādaḥ (?), thanksgiving: perh. stutipāṭhaḥ.

THAT:
     I Demonstrative pronoun: tad, t. object: so'rthaḥ, D. iii.; in t. season: tasmin samaye, R. xvi. 53.; narrated all t.: tatsarvamācakhyau, Mah.: v. Also this. Ph.: (a) t. is to say ......: ityarthaḥ tasya yūno'pi viṣayavairāgyādiguṇasampattyā jñānato vṛddhatvamāsīdityarthaḥ, M.n. (N. B. Use......: iti yāvat, when a full explanation is not given, manīṣiṇo viduṣo doṣajñasyaiti yāvat, M. p.); (b) t. is not expr., by object t. is by sound etc. M.n.
     II Relative pronoun=who, which: q. v.
     III Conjunction, introducing clauses or sentences as object of the preceding verb.:
     1 expr. with iti, would think t. they adore him out of fear: maṃsyati bhayādarcanti māmiti, Mah. v. 88. 3. (note the use of direct speech); t. he might allow the race of Nimi......: diśyatāṃ kulamidaṃ nimeriti, R. xi. 49.; we hear t. king has come to the Janasthāna: śrūyate rājā janasthānamāgata iti, U. iii. (N.B. Sometimes iti is understood as t. in English: "śrūyate tau mahātmānau naranārāyaṇāvubhau | tapo ghoramanirdeśyaṃ tapyete gandhamādane ||", Mah. v. 96. 14.):
     2 by acc. after trans. verbs, knowing t. his end was born: jānannapi jātamantamātmanaḥ, Si. i. 67.; informed t. a golden shower had fallen from heaven: hiraṇmayīṃ vṛṣṭiṃ śaśaṃsuḥ patitāṃ namastaḥ, R. v. 29.;
     3 with yathā or yat, Vaśisṭha said t. they would go and live in the hermitage of Vālmīki: vaśiṣṭhasya vācaḥ 'yathā vālmīkitapovanaṃ gatvā tatra vatsyāma iti', U. ii.; this is new rule t. one repents after killing an enemy: ayaṃ nūtano nyāyo yadarātiṃ hatvā saṃtāpaḥ krīyate, H. ii. Ph.: granting t. expr. by: astu stām santu.
     IV Introducing reason etc.: (a) so t.: yathā... tathā, do so t. (he) hears from your messenger: yathā tava sandeśaharācchṛṇoti tathā vidhīyatām, R. iii. 66.; (b) in order t.: yathā ..tathā: v. also for (II), to; (c) in t.= because: q. v. Ph.: oh that: expr. with kaccit: v. To wish.

THATCH:
     I Subs.:
     1 chadiḥ;
     2 chādanam;
     3 paṭalam, A.
     II Verb.: (tṛṇādinā) chādayati ā-, (c. of chad), t.ed: tṛṇācchādita (f. ) and sim. comp.s or simply tṛṇa- in comp.

THAW (v.):
     I Intrans.: dravati (du, c. 1.): v. To melt.
     II Trans.: dravīkaroti.
     III Subs.: himasrutiḥ and sim. comp.s.

THE:
     I The definite article:
     1 not expr., I salute the parents of the world: jagataḥ pitarau vande, R. i. 1.; the kind said: rājovāca, H.; in the house of Vasudeva: vasudevasadmani, Si. i. 1.;
     2 by demonstrative pronouns, where shall I get the bird: kva prāpyate sa patagaḥ, N. xiii. 40.; the day is advanced: kaṭhorībhūto'yaṃ divasaḥ, U. ii.
     II Of distinction: by tad or rarely adas, we are the Rāma and Lakshmaṇa: āvāṃ tau rāmalakṣmaṇau, An v.; and you are the Lakshmaṇa: tvaṃ punarasau lakṣmaṇaḥ, Vi. v.
     III With comp. adv.s:
     1 with yathā yathā...... tathā tathā, the closer the sound of the drums came, the more excited the hostile army (became): upāgamadyathā yathā paṭaharavaḥ samīpatāṃ tathā tathā hṛṣitavapurdviṣāñcamūḥ, Si. xvii. 43.; "romakūpanivahaṃ yathā yathā naiṣadhasya dṛgapāttathā tathā citramāpadapatṛṣṇatā na sā", N. xviii. 124.;
     2 with yāvat yāvat......tāvat tāvat, M.n. Ph.: the more so: viśeṣataḥ (= specially).

THEATRE:
     1 raṅgaḥ (both lit. and fig.): v. Stage;
     2 nāṭyaśālā and sim. comps. (the house);
     3 raṅgagato janaḥ and sim. comp.s. (the people).

THEATRICAL:
     1 expr. by comp., t. tutor: nāṭyācāryaḥ;
     2 nāṭakīya (f. = dramatic), Si. ii. 8.

THEISM: īśvaravādaḥ and sim. comp.s.

THEIST: īśvaravādin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

THEME:
     1 viṣayaḥ: v. Subject;
     2 vastu: v. Thing.

THEFT:
     1 cauryam, to commit t. at night: rātrau cauryaṃ karoti, M. ix. 276.; implements of t.: cauryasādhanam, Mit.;
     2 steyam, and (taking) grass for cattle is not t.: tṛṇañca gobhyo grāsārtham asteyam, M. viii. 339.;
     3 moṣaḥ (rare).

THEN:
     1 tadā (of time, rarely of cause), when...t.: yadā...tadā, Ku. v. 18.; t. (he) knew: tadā viveda, Ki. iii. 18.;
     2 tadānīm (of time), but t. by the narration of the story of her life: tadānīntu svavṛttāntakathanena, K.;
     3 tataḥ (of sequence and cause), t. when your Highness came away: tataḥ khalvāgate deve, K.; what t.: tataḥ kim, K.; first of all splendour, t. sound, t. dust: pratāpo'gre tataḥ śabdaḥ parāgastadantaram, R. iv. 30.; if she does not vanish from my sight, t. I shall ask her all these: tadyadi me darśanapathānnāpayāti tataḥ...sarvametadenāṃ pṛcchāmi, K.; and t. (as a question): tatastataḥ, Mr. ii.;
     4 atha (of sequence at the head of a sentence), t. at the end of the song: atha gītāvasāne, K.;
     5 tarhi, (of time and cause: rare), t. the world is learned: tarhi paṇḍitaḥ saṃsāraḥ, U. ii.; what t.: kiṃ tarhi, S. i. 2. 1.;
     6 tat (causal), t. how is the gentle Rāma now to be consoled: tat kathamidānīṃ rāmabhadra āśvāsanīyaḥ, U. ii.

THENCE: tataḥ and tasmāt (in every sense).

THENCEFORTH, THENCEFORWARD:
     1 tataḥ prabhṛti;
     2 tadavadhi; etc.

THEOLOGIAN:
     1 paramārthavid (mfn.: (?);
     2 īśvaravijñānaviśārada (f. : (?); and sim. comp.s.

THEOLOGICAL: expr. by comp., t. subject: adhyātmaviṣayaḥ (?).

THEOLOGICALLY: tatvavidyānusāreṇa and sim. comp.s.

THEOLOGY:
     1 paramārthavidyā (?);
     2 īśvaravijñānam;
     3 tattvajñānam.

THEOREM:
     1 sampādyam (?);
     2 prameyopapādyam, K.d.

THEORETICAL,-LY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. Speculative.

THEORIZE (v.): perh. mataṃ kalpayati pra- upa-. (c. of kḷp).

THEORY:
     I Doctrine: q. v.: matam.
     II As opposed to practice: vijñānam.
     III Exposition: q. v.: vivṛtiḥ.

THERAPUTIC (adj.): śāntikaraḥ (f. ), etc.: v. To cure.

THERAPUTICS: bhaiṣajyavijñānam and sim. comp.s.

THERE:
     1 tatra, of t.: tatratya (f. tyā: rare);
     2 amutra (=yonder t.: rare), D. vi. N.B. Not expr. when used pleonastically, t. is a town called Valabhi in Saurāśṭra: asti saurāṣṭreṣu valabhī nāma nagarī, D. vi.

THEREABOUT, -S:
     I Of place: tatra kvacit.
     II Of number: upa- in comp., ten men or t.: upadaśapuruṣāḥ.

THEREAFTER: After that: tataḥ param.
     II = and then:
     1 tataḥ;
     2 tadanu;
     3 tadanantaram.

THEREAT:
     1 tatra;
     2 tasmin (loc.).

THEREBY:
     1 tena;
     2 by yena (= by which), t. I will play with you: yena dīvyāmyahaṃ tvayā.

THEREFORE:
     1 ataḥ (= for this), t. it is mere boldness to say...: ataḥ...iti vacanaṃ sāhasamātram, S. 4.; t. spirit: ataeva prāṇaḥ, S. 23.;
     2 tasmāt (= from that), t. brahmaṇaḥ is objective genitive: tasmād brahmaṇa iti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī.;
     3 tataḥ (=2).: v. Then;
     4 tat (=2: rare), t. here: tadiha, S. i. 2. 2.;
     5 tena (=2), as regards this women are t. better: tenātra varamaṅganāḥ, V. m. 74. 12.

THEREIN: atra (=in this: q. v. ) or tatra (=in that: q. v. ).

THEREINTO: tatra: v. That, into.

THEREOF:
     1 asya (=of this: q. v. ) or tasya (=of that: q. v. );
     2 by comp., arising t.: tatastaya (f. styā), Ki. i. 27.; men t.: tatratyā:

THEREUPON: tatra: v. Then.

THEREWITH: tena (=with that: q. v. ).

THERMOMETER: *tāpamānam -yantram.

THESIS:
     I Proposition: pratijñā.
     II Dissertation: prabandhaḥ.

THICK (adj.):
     I Dense: q. v.: ghana (f. ), t. black hair: ghananīlaśiroruhaḥ, Ri. iv. 16.
     II Muddy, dirty: q. v.: kaluṣita (f. ).
     III Large (as a t. volume): q. v.: bṛhat (f. ).
     IV Of voice: expr. by subs., the voice becomes t.: svaropaghāto bhavet, Sr. V. Dull: q. v.:
     IV In measurement: expr. with vedhaḥ (=thickness).

THICK (subs.): madhyam (=middle): v. Also dense.

THICK, THICKLY (adv.):
     I Closely, densely: q. v.:expr. by comp., t. sown: ghanopta (f. ptā); t. covered: sāndrāvṛta (f. ); etc.
     II Quickly, uninterrupted: q. v.: nirantaram.

THICKEN:
     I Intrans.: ghanībhavati, etc.
     II Trans.: ghanīkaroti, etc.

THICKET: gahanam: v. Wood.

THICK-HEADED:
     1 sthūladhī (n. dhi);
     2 jaḍabuddhi (mfn.); and sim. comp.s.

THICKNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 ghanatā;
     2 sāndratā;
     3 better by adj.
     II In measurement:
     1 vedha (= depth), Li.;
     2 vistṛtiḥ (= breadth as of a heap of bricks), Li. 198.;
     3 piṇḍaḥ (as of wood), Li. 203.
     III Of voice:
     1 svaropaghātaḥ;
     2 svarabhaṅgaḥ; and sim. comp.s.

THICK-SET:
     1 saṃhata (f. ): v. Compact;
     2 niviḍa (f. ḍā): v. Dense.

THICK-SKINNED: Fig.:
     1 kaṭhina (f. = callous);
     2 sahiṣṇu (mfn. = forbearing).

THIEF:
     1 cauraḥ, open t. ves such as merchants: prakāśacaurā vaṇigādayaḥ, Viv.; t. -catcher: cauragrāhaḥ, Kat.;
     2 taskaraḥ, for putting down t.s: taskarapratiṣedhārtham, M. ix. 266.;
     3 stenaḥ, who give food and lodging to t.ves: bhaktāvakāśadātāraḥ stenānām, N. d.;
     4 moṣaḥ -kaḥ, seeing a t.: moṣābhidarśane, M. ix. 274.;
     5 kumbhilaḥ -kaḥ;
     6 malimlucaḥ;
     7 pāṭaccaraḥ. N.B. 5 to 7 are rare.

THIEVE: stenayati (sten, c. 10.): v. To steal.

THIEVISH:
     I Lit.: by comp.,
     II Secret: q. v.

THIEVISHNESS: cauryaśīlatā and sim. comp.s: v. Also secrecy.

THIGH:
     1 ūruḥ, t.s: ūrū, Ve.;
     2 sakthi (n.), long-t.ed: dīrghasavatha (f. vathā:) v. Gram. A. 11. and 56).

THIMBLE: perh. aṅgulitram or -trāṇam and sim. comp.s, Mah.

THIN (adj.):
     1 sūkṣma (f. kṣmā), t. oil: sūkṣmaṃ tailam, Bha.: v. Fine.;
     2 tanu (f. also nvī), t. dress: tanvaṃśukam, Ri. iv. 3.: v. Slender, lean, little;
     3 virala (f. : rare), having t. arrangement: viralabhakti (mfn.), R. v. 74.: v. Rare, scarce.

THIN (v.):
     1 kraśayati (nomi.=make slender);
     2 viralayati (nomi. = make less close).

THINE: tvadīyaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Thy.

THING:
     1 vastu (n.), sir, what t. is to be given to your preceptor: kiṃ vastu vidvan gurave pradeyam, R. v. 18.;...... why I have been confined or why I have been brought here, about these t.s my curiosity has not been removed: kimarthaṃ vāhaṃ baddho baddhvā vā kimarthamihānīta ityatra vastunyahamanapagatakautuka eva, K.;
     2 dravyam (=material), he who injures, breaks or crushes t.s: kṣataṃ bhaṅgāvamardau va kuryādravyeṣu yo naraḥ, Kat.;
     3 viṣayaḥ (=object: q. v. ).

THINK:
     1 manyate (man, c. 4.), t.ing that title of lord only remains with you: matvā bhavantaṃ prabhuśabdaśeṣam, R. v. 22.; if you t. much of what I say: asmākamuktaṃ bahumanyase cet, B. iii. 53.: v. Consider, suppose;
     2 cintayati vi- saṃ- pari- anu- (cint, c. 10. =reflect) he simply t.s of fears to come from you: sa cintayatyeva bhiyastvadeṣyatīḥ, Ki. i. 23.; while I was thus t.ing: ityevaṃ cintayantam, K.;
     3 dhyāyati anu- (dhyai, c. 1.=2.) t. of the child in womb: prajāniṣekamanudhyāyata, R. xiv. 60.;
     4 smarati anu- (smṛ, c. 1.=remember), to t. of heaven: divaḥ smartum, Ki. v. 28.;
     5 adhyeti (i, c. 2.=5), t. s only of me: māmevādhyeti, Ki. xi. 74.

THINKER:
     1 sūriḥ;
     2 muniḥ (= sage).

THINLY:
     1 tanu: v. Slenderly;
     2 viralam: v. Rarely;
     3 by comp., t. populated: viralajana or alpajana (f. ).

THINNESS:
     1 tanutā: v. Slenderness;
     2 sūkṣmatā: v. Fineness;
     3 viralatā or vairalyam (= scarcity).

THIN-SKINNED: Fig.: Sensitive: q. v.

THIRD (adj.): tṛtīyaḥ (yā yaṃ), in the t. place: tṛtīyataḥ; for the t. time: tṛtīyavāram; there is no t. course: anyā gatirnāsti. Ph.: t. estate i. e. commonalty: prakṛtayaḥ (f. pl. (?).

THIRD (subs.):
     I A t. part:
     1 tṛtīyāṃśaḥ;
     2 tṛtīyabhāgaḥ;
     3 trimāgaḥ;
     4 tryaṃśaḥ, two-t. s: dvau tryaṃśau, Li.;
     5 trilavaḥ, two-t. s: trilavadvayam, Li.
     II In music: gāndhāraḥ (?).

THIRDLY:
     1 tṛtīyataḥ;
     2 tṛtīyam.

THIRST (subs.):
     1 tṛṣṇā (lit. and fig.), t. for wealth: dhanāgamatṛṣṇā, J.; t., you are still not satisfied: tṛṣṇe nādyāpi santuṣyasi, J.;
     2 pipāsā (lit.), to quench t.: pipāsāṃ pratikartum, D. viii.; to remove t.: pipāsāmapanayati, D.; very great t.: atiprabalapipāsā, K.;
     3 udanyā (=2: rare), quenching of t.: udanyāpratīkāraḥ, Ve. vi.;
     4 tṛṣ or tṛṣā (=1: rare).

THIRST (v.i.):
     1 tṛṣyati (tṛṣ, c. 4.: lit. and fig.), Ki. xi. 74.;
     2 udanyati (nomi.: lit. rare), B. iv. 44.

THIRSTY:
     1 tṛṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), I am t.: tṛṣito'smi Ve. vi.;
     2 tṛṣārta: (rtā rtaṃ);
     3 pipāsitaḥ (tā taṃ);
     4 satṛṣṇaḥ (ṣṇā ṣṇāṃ);
     5 pipāsu (mfn.);
     6 tṛṣṇāturaḥ (rā raṃ);
     7 tṛṣṇākulaḥ (lā laṃ).

THIRTEEN: trayodaśan (mfn.). T.-th: trayodaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).

THIRTIETH:
     1 triṃśaḥ (śā śaṃ);
     2 triśattamaḥ (mī maṃ).

THIRTY: triṃśat (f.), t.-fold: triṃśadguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ).

THIS:
     1 by etad, who is t. Rāma: ka eṣa rāmaḥ, Pra.; t. speech of Uddhava: auddhavīṃ vācamenām, Si. ii. 118.; for t. I live: etadarthaṃ hi jīvāmi, Mah.;
     2 by idam, through t. row of young plants: anayā bālapādapavīthyā, Sa. iii.; t. way, gentlemen: ita ito bhavantaḥ, Sa. ii.

THISTLE: a plant: aṛgālapucchaḥ (?).

THITHER: tatra. T. wards: taṃ deśaṃ prati and sim. expr. s.

THONG:
     1 varatrā;
     2 vadhrī;
     3 carmarajjuḥ, and sim. comp.s.

THORN:
     I A prickle: kaṇṭaka (mn.).
     II Fig.: kaṇṭaka (mn.), avoids heroes like t.s: śūraṃ kaṇṭakabhiva pariharati, K.
     III A thorny plant: kaṇṭakin (f. ), -vṛkṣaḥ (or latā).

THORN-APPLE:
     I The tree: dhustu(stū)raḥ.
     II The fruit: dhusturam.

THORNY:
     1 kaṇṭakin (f. );
     2 kaṇṭakāvṛta (f. ), and sim. comp.s.

THOROUGH:
     1 samyak (mīcī), t. instruction: samyagavinayanam, D. ii.;
     2 sampūrṇa (f. rṇā = full, complete: q. v. ), Pr.; t. master:
     1 pāraga (f. );
     2 pāradṛśvan (mfn.).

THOROUGHBRED:
     1 ājāneya (f. );
     2 mahākulīna (f. ); etc.

THOROUGHFARE: rājamārgaḥ: v. Street, road.

THOROUGHLY:
     1 samyaka, after being t. instructed: samyag vinīya, R. v. 10.;
     2 ādyantam (= from beginning to end): v. Also fully.

THOU:
     I Subs.: tvam (G. ch. xviii.).
     II Verb: tvaṃkaroti, one should avoid t.ing and calling seniors by name: tvaṅkāraṃ nāmadheyañca jyeṣṭhānāṃ parivarjayet, Mah. xii. 193. 25.

THOUGH: -api: v. Although.

THOUGHT:
     I In gen.:
     1 cintā, with hundreds of t.s: cintāśataiḥ, K.;
     2 vicāraḥ (= consideration);
     3 dhyānam (=meditation).
     II Idea, notion: q. v.: matam.
     III = mind: q. v.: buddhiḥ, evil t.s: drohabuddhiḥ; she could not express her t.s: manogataṃ sā na śaśāka śaṃsitum, Ku. v. 51.

THOUGHTFUL:
     I Of men:
     1 cintāśīla (f. );
     2 cintāparāyaṇa (f. ṇā), and sim. comp.s.
     II Attentive, careful: q. v.
     III Full of thought: cintākula (f. ), and sim. comp.s: v. Waking.

THOUGHTFULLY:
     1 vicintya;
     2 vicārya;
     3 vimṛṣya.

THOUGHTFULNESS:
     1 cintāśīlatā;
     2 cintākṛlatā; etc.: v. Adj.

THOUGHTLESS:
     I Lit.: niścinta (f. ntā).
     II Careless: q. v.: pramatta (f. ttā).

THOUGHTLESSLY:
     I Lit.: niścintam.
     II Carelessly: q. v.: avimṛṣya.

THOUSAND:
     1 sahasram, not less than four t. verses: anyūnacatvāri ślokasahasrāṇi, V. m. 107. 11.; two t.: dve sahasre; ten t.: daśa sahasrāṇi; t. arms: doṣṇāṃ sahasram, Mah.;
     2 daśaśatam () (rare). T. times: sahasrakṛtvaḥ; t.s of times: sahasraśaḥ; in t. ways or parts: sahasradhā; ten t.: ayutam; hundred t.: lakṣam; the t.-eyed (Indra): sahasrākṣaḥ; the t.-armed (Arjuna): sahasrabāhuḥ; the t.-rayed (sun): sahasrāṃśuḥ; the t.-headed (sun): sahasraśīrṣaḥ.

THOUSANDTH:
     I Adj.: sahasratamaḥ (mī maṃ).
     II Subs.: sahasrāṃśaḥ.

THRALL: dāsaḥ. v. Slave.

THRALDOM or THRALDOM: dāsyam: v. Slavery.

THRASH:
     I Lit.: nistuṣīkaroti.
     II To beat soundly: paruṣaṃ praharati (hṛ, c. 1.), t. ing: paruṣaprahāraḥ and sim. comp.s.

THREAD (subs.):
     1 sūtram, golden t.: suvarṇasūtram, Si.;
     2 tantuḥ; t. of hope: āśātantuḥ, Ma. ix. 25.

THREAD (v.):
     I To string: q. v.: sūtrayati.
     II To t. one's way: prasarpati (sṛp, c. 1.): v. To go, move.

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THREADBARE:
     I Lit.: sūtradaridra (f. drā), Mr. ii. 7.
     II Fig.: śūnyagarbha (f. rbhā).

THREADY:
     1 sūtramaya (f. );
     2 tantumaya (f. );
     3 tāntava (f. ).

THREAT:
     1 vibhīṣikā, by various t. s: vibhīṣikābhirbahvībhiḥ Mah. ii. 41. 1.;
     2 tarjanam or tarjitam saṃ-.
     3 mīṣā, M. n.

THREATEN:
     I Lit.:
     1 tarjayati saṃ- (tarj, c. 10.), t. ed much against Dhanamitra: dhanamitramullaṅghya bahvatarjayat, D. ii.; t. ed them: tāvatarjayat, R. xii. 41.;
     2 bhīṣayati (c. of bhī = frighten: q. v.).
     II Fig.: expr. by circumlo.: it t. s rain or t. ing weather: vṛṣṭyāśaṃsi divasam; weather is t. ing: pratyāsīdati bhkañbhka: v. To bespeak, impend.

THREATENINGLY: tarjayat (f. ntī), saṃ-: v. To threaten.

THREE: tri, by the t. states: tisṛbhiravasthābhiḥ, Ku.; t. times: triḥ; in t. ways: tridhā or tredhā; t. or four: tricaturāḥ (n. pl. ṇi); interest at t. percent per mensem: trikaṃ śataṃ māsasya vṛddhiḥ, M. viii. 143.; the t. Vedas: trayī; the t. objects of life (virtue, wealth and love): trivargaḥ; the t. spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, and cardamoms): trijātakam, D.; a heifer t. years old: trihāyaṇī; for t. nights: trirātram. trayam is often affixed to express t.: t. years: varṣatrayam. T. score: v. Sixty.

THREE-CORNERED:
     1 trikoṇaḥ(ṇā ṇaṃ);
     2 tryasraḥ (srā sraṃ).

THREE-EYED:
     1 trinayanaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 trinetraḥ (trā traṃ);
     3 trilocanaḥ (nā naṃ).

THREEFOLD: triguṇaḥ (ṇā ṇaṃ): v. Also three.

THREE-FOOTED:
     1 tripadaḥ (dī daṃ).
     2 tripādaḥ (dā daṃ).

THREE-HEADED:
     1 trimūrdha (f. rdhī) (the form trimūrdhan is also found);
     2 triśiras (mfn.);
     3 triśīrṣakaḥ (kā kā).

THREE HUNDRED: triśatam, T. th: triśataḥ (tī taṃ) or triśatatamaḥ (mī maṃ).

THREE-LEAVED:
     1 tripatraḥ (trā traṃ);
     2 triparṇaḥ (rṇā rṇaṃ), etc.

THRESH: mṛdrāti or mardayati saṃ- pari-, (mṛd, c. 9. and 10.). Ph.: t. ing floor: khalaḥ ().

THRESHOLD:
     I Lit.:
     1 dehalī;
     2 dvārapiṇḍī;
     3 gṛhāvagrahaṇī;
     4 uḍumbaraḥ (rare).
     II Fig.: prārambhaḥ: v. Beginning.

THRICE:
     1 triḥ;
     2 trivāram. T. seven (i. e. twentyone) times: triḥsaptakṛtvaḥ; t. ploughed: triguṇākṛtaḥ (tā taṃ) or trihalyaḥ (lyā lyaṃ), t. as long as that: tasmāttriguṇadīrghaḥ (rghā rghaṃ).

THRIFT:
     I Thriftiness: mitavyayaḥ -yitāḥ v. Frugality.
     II Growth, increase: q. v.:
     1 saṃvṛddhiḥ;
     2 vivṛddhiḥ.

THRIFTILY, THRIFTINESS: v. Frugally, frugality.

THRIFTY: mitavyayin (f. ): v. Frugal, sparing.

THRILL:
     I Subs.:
     1 vepathuḥ (= shivering);
     2 romāñcaḥ, and sim. comp.s (=horripilation), a t. came over the bodies of the sages: munīnāmaṅgāni romāñjaṃ bibharāmbabhūvuḥ, Ki. xv. 53.
     II Verb: expr. by subs. T. ing: lo(ro)maharṣaṇa (f. ṇā), Mah.

THRIVE: varddhate (vṛdh, c. 1.), t. ing: vardhiṣṇu, (mfn.), Si. v. 14.: v. Also prosperous.

THROAT:
     1 kaṇṭhaḥ;
     2 galaḥ: v. Neck.

THROB:
     I Verb:
     1 phurphurāyate (nomi.), Mr. 1.;
     2 duradurāyate (nomi.);
     3 vepate (vep, c. 1.): v. To palpitate.
     II T. bing:
     1 phurphurāyitam;
     2 duradurāyitam;
     3 vepanam (= quake).

THROE: yātanā: v. Pain.

THRONE:
     I Lit.: siṃhāsanam and sim. comp.s, seated on t. s: siṃhāsanasthān, R. vi. l.; ascended the paternal t.: bheje paitṛkamāsanam, R. xvii. 28.
     II Fig.: chatram, one who has lost his t.: chatrabhraṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), Mah.: v. Kingdom.

THRONG:
     I Subs.: janasaṃmardaḥ and sim. comp.s: v. Crowd, multitude.
     II Verb: expr. by janākīrṇa (f. rṇā) and sim. adj.s: v. To crowd.

THROTTLE (v.): galaṃ niṣpīḍyati (pīḍ, c. 10. = press) or niṣpīḍya mārayati (=t. to death).

THROUGH (prep.):
     I On account of: q. v.: t. fear: bhayāt: v. For.
     II By the agency of:
     1 -mukhena (= by the mouth of), I have asked his Majesty t. Nipuṇikā: mayā nipuṇikāmukhena yācito mahārājaḥ, Mal. iii.;
     2 dvāreṇa or dvārā (from dvāra and -r = door), I shall spread some snare t. her: taddvāreṇa kiñcijjālamāraceyam, D. iii.
     III Throughout: q. v.
     IV With verbs of motion: by ins., t. this row of young plants: anayā bālapādapavīthyā, Sa. iii.; now passes t. the region of clouds: kvacitpathā sañcarate ghanānām, R. xiii. 19.
     V From the other side of: -antareṇa, to listen t. a clink: chidrāntareṇākarṇayati.

THROUGH (adv.): expr. by adj. all: q. v.: to read a book t.: samagraṃ granthaṃ paṭhati; to see t.: sarvaṃ paśayati; etc.

THROUGHOUT (prep.): t. the town: sarvatra nagare; t. the year: samaste varṣe; t. one's life: ājanmanaḥ (= from birth); t. the world: yāvatsaṃsāramaṇḍalam: v. Also all.

TEROUGHOUT (adv.):
     1 sarvatra (= everywhere), in this poem the metre t. is mandākrāntā: atra kāvye sarvatra mandākrāntāvṛttam, M. n. on Me.;
     2 ādyantam (= from beginning to end);
     3 aśeṣataḥ (= entirely: q. v.).

THROW:
     1 kṣipati, threw a mace at the prince: rājaputrāya cikṣepa daṇḍam, M. p. 127. 18.; to t. (him) on the ground: kṣeptukāmamavanau, Ki.; who has thrown her eyes on the bed: śayane niḥkṣiptākṣī, Gi. vii. 1.;
     2 asyati (as, c. 4.), threw a dirt on him: tasminnāsthadiṣīkāsram, R. xii. 23.;
     3 pātayati (c. of pat = fell), t. ing of dice: akṣapātanam, Mah. ii. 59. 4. com.; śrutau pātayati, V. iii. 13.
     4 vapati (vap, c. 1.: only of dice), t. ing dice: akṣānuptvā Mah.: v. Also to cast, discharge.

THROW ABOUT:
     1 vikṣipati, as if t. ing about the light of the sun: pramāṃ ravervikṣipanniva, Ki. xvi. 50.: v. To scatter.

THROW AROUND: parikṣipati: v. To encircle.

THROW AWAY:
     I To spend, squander, waste: q. v.: kṣipati pra- niḥ- vi-.
     II To reject: q. v.:
     1 nirasyati;
     2 apāsyati.

THROW DOWN:
     1 pātayati (c. of pat = fell), seizes (him) by the hair and t. s (him)d.: keśeṣu gṛhītvā pātayati, Mr. vi.;
     2 adhaḥ kṣipati, etc.

THROW IN: v. To throw, put, give up.

THROW OFF:
     I Lit.: kṣipati pra- niḥ-, t. ing off the collyrium of (her) eyes: akṣṇorniḥkṣipadañjanam, Gi. xi. 11.: v. Throw.
     II To discard, drive out: q. v.

THROW OUT:
     I To reject, dispel: q. v.: nirasyati.
     II To t. up: q. v.

THROW TOGETHER:
     I Lit.:
     1 saṃkṣipati;
     2 samasyati.
     II To bring together: v. Together.

THROW UP:
     1 utkṣipati, t. n up for a moment: kṣaṇotkṣipta, Si. i. 4.;
     2 udasyati, t. ing up fortitude: udasya dhairyam, Ki. viii. 50.

THROW (subs.): kṣepaḥ vi- pra- niḥ- (the distance of), an arrow's throw: iṣuvikṣepaḥ, Mah.; t. ing away of a moment: kṣaṇakṣepaḥ, Si. xii. i.; t. ing off: kṣepaṇam, V. p. v. 20. 54.; t. ing down: avapātanam, B. p. x. 44. 4.

THROWER:
     1 kṣeptṛ (f. ptrī);
     2 kṣepaka (f. pikā) ; v. To throw.

THRUM (subs.):
     1 daśāḥ (f. pl.);
     2 vartayaḥ (f. pl.).

THRUSH, THRUSTLE: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; sārikā (?).

THRUST (v. t.): āvidhyati (vyadh, c. 4.): v. To push. Comp.s (a) t. at: āvidhyati.: v. To attack; (b) t. away: nirasyati (as, c. 4.) ; v. To dispel; (c) t. in, into: niveśayati saṃ- (c. of viś): v. To put, enter; (d) t. off: āvidhyati: v. To push; (e) t. on: pracodayati (cud, c. 10.).: v. To impel, encourage; (f) t. out: apasārayati (c. of sṛ).: v. Drive out; (g) t. through: minatti (bhid, c. 7.).: v. To pierce.

THRUST (subs.):
     I Blow, stroke: q. v.: ādhātaḥ.
     II With the fist: muṣṭiḥ.
     III A wound with a pointed instrument: bhinnam, Ni.

THUD: nirghoṣaḥ: v. Loud noise.

THUMB (subs.):
     1 aṅguṣṭhaḥ;
     2 vṛddhāṅguliḥ.

THUMB (v. t.): aṅguṣṭhena spṛśati (spṛśa, c. 6.=to) touch) etc. (Comp. nyubjāṅguṣṭhena tantrītāḍanam, M. n. on Si. i. 9.).

THUMBSCREW: *aṅguṣṭhamardanī.

THUMP:
     I Verb: āhanti (han, c. 2.).: v. To strike.
     II Subs.: āghātaḥ: v. To blow.

THUNDER (subs.):
     I The noise: q. v.:
     1 meghanirghoṣaḥ;
     2 ghanadhvaniḥ;
     3 sphūrjathuḥ vi.
     II Roar: q. v.: garjitam.
     III T. -bolt: q. v.

THUNDER (v.): garjati pari- (garj, c. 1.).: v. Roar. T. out: sagarjitam udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.) ; v. To utter, emit.

THUNDERBOLT:
     1 vajram, about to hurl t.: vajraṃ mumukṣan, R. ii. 42.;
     2 kuliśam, t. -holder: kuliśabhṛt (m.), Ki. x. 16.;
     3 aśaniḥ, struck with t.: aśanihata (f. ), K.

THUNDERER:
     I Lit.: stanayitnuḥ: v. Roar.
     II Of gods:
     1 vajrin (m.);
     2 vajrapāṇiḥ, etc.

THUNDER-STRUCK:
     1 vajrāhataḥ (tā taṃ);
     2 aśanitāḍitaḥ (tā taṃ) and sim. comp. s. N. B. In fig. sense, iva (= as if) is added.

THURSDAY:
     1 guruvāraḥ;
     2 bṛhaspativāraḥ;
     3 guruvāsaraḥ;
     4 lakṣmīvāsaraḥ.

THUS:
     1 ittham, the king first argued t.: itthaṃ nṛpaḥ pūrvamavāluluce, B. i. 23.;
     2 evam, while the divine sage was talking t.: evaṃvādini devarṣau, Ku. vi. 84.;
     3 iti (to connect a quotation), R. viii. 75. Ph.: t. much: etāvat: v. Much, so; t. far: etāvatīṃ bhūmim, K.

THWACK: tāḍayati (taḍ, c. 10.): v. To strike.

THWART (v.): moghīkarotiḥ v. To frustrate, defeat.

THYME: sugandhigulmaviśeṣaḥ.

TIARA: mukuṭam: v. Crown.

TIBIA: jaṅghāyā agrāsthi.

TICK:
     I An insect: yūkaḥ.
     II Credit: q. v.
     III A covering: āstaraṇam.
     IV A noise: perh. ṭīkitam.

TICK (v.): perh. ṭīkate (ṭīk, c. 1.).: v. Also to beat.

TICKET:
     I Subs.: *trikaṭam; nidarśanī: v. Also mark.
     II Verb: *trikaṭayati.

TICKLE:
     I Lit.: perh. kutakutayati (nomi.), t. ing sensation: kutakutam. (?).
     II Fig.: v. To excite.

TICKLISH: expr. with kutakutam.

TIDAL: expr. by comp.

TIDE (subs.):
     I Lit.: velā, the sea-t. flows on the day of the full moon: pūrṇimādine samudravelā carati, P. i. 12.; rising t.: varddhamānā velā, Raj.; the t. is coming on: veleyamāgacchati, Na.; springt.: pūrṇavelā (?).
     II Fig.: current, stream: q. v.: srotas (n.).
     III Time: q. v.: velā.

TIDE OVER (v.): tarati (tṝ, c. 1.).: v. To cross.

TIDILY, TIDINESS, TIDY: v. Neatly, neatness, neat.

TIDING: vārttā: v. News.

TIE (v.): sometimes with up and down:
     1 baghnāti (bandh, c. 9.).: v. To bind, fasten;
     2 yoktrayati (nomi.), t. d him up with the arms like a beast with a rope: enaṃ yoktrayāmāsa bāhubhyāṃ paśuṃ rasanayā yathā, Mah. iii. 9. 61.: v. Also restrain, check, string.

TIE (subs.): bandhaḥ: v. Bond.

TIER: paṃktiḥ: v. Row, line.

TIERCE: in music: gāndhāraḥ. (?).

TIGER: vyāghraḥ. Tigress: vyāghrī. T. -skin: vyāghracarma, M. n.; a sheet of t. -skin: vaiyāghrakośaḥ, Mah. iv. 42. 12.

TIGHT:
     1 aśithila (f. );
     2 dṛḍha (f. ḍhā) ; v. Firm. Ph.: with the very t. bark: atipinaddhena valkalena, Sa. i.

TIGHTEN:
     I To make firm: draḍhayati (nomi.).
     II As reins: niyacchati (yam, c. 1.): v. To restrain.

TIGHTLY:
     1 aśithilam;
     2 dṛḍham: v. Firmly.

TIGHTNESS:
     1 aśaithilyam;
     2 dārḍhyam: v. Firmness.

TILE (subs.): *khapparaḥ.

TILE (v. t.): *khapparaiḥ chādayati (c. of chad). T. d house: *khapparagṛham.

TILER (subs.): *khapparikaḥ.

TILL (prep.): v. Until. T. now: adyāvadhi; t. death: ā mṛtyoḥ.

TILL (v. t.): karṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To cultivate.

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TILL (subs.): i. e. money-box: *ṭaṅkapeṭī; ṭaṅkādhāraḥ.

TILLAGE:
     1 kṛṣiḥ -karman (n.);
     2 karṣaṇam. (rare).

TILLER: kṛṣaka or karṣaka (f. ṣikā): v. Cultivator.

TILT (subs.):
     I An awing: vitānam.
     II A combat: v. Tournament.

TILT (v.):
     I To incline: āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).
     II To practise t.: prāśayuddhamabhyasyati (as, c. 4.).

TIMBER: kāṣṭham: v. Wood.

TIMBREL: ḍiṇḍimaḥ: v. Drum.

TIME (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kālaḥ, from t. to t.: kāle kāle, Me.; by this t.: iyatā kālena, D. iii.; in the course of t.: kālena, Ve. iii. or kālakrameṇa, Ku. or gacchati kāle, K.; t. should not be thrown away: na kālaḥ parikṣeptavyaḥ, Vi. ii.; without losing any t.: vihāya kālaharaṇam, Vi. iv.; I will not waste my t.: na kālaṃ hāsyāmi, Sa. iii.; for a long t. (= for some hours): mahāntaṃ kālam, K.; after a long t.: (= after many years): bahoḥ kālāt, U. ii.; of the same t.: samakālīnaḥ (nā naṃ);
     2 samayaḥ (= definite t.), by this t.: anena samayena, K.; at the wrong t.: asamaye, Sa. i.; at the right t.: samaye, R. iii. 13. Ph.: pleasant for the t. being: āpātaramyaḥ (myā myaṃ), Ki. xi. 12. (note the position of āpāta); in a short t.: acireṇa; in the mean t. (=meanwhile: q. v.); at the t. when: yadā...tadā, Ku.; at the same t.: samam or ekāvasaram; at onother t., at other t. s: anyadā, R.; at t. s: v. Sometimes; at that t.: v. Then; at this t.: v. Now; at any t.: yadā tadā; of the present t., of our t.: idānīntanaḥ (nī naṃ); of that time: tadānīntanaḥ (nī naṃ); hard t.s: āpatkālaḥ; five t. s, six t. s, etc.: pañcakṛtvaḥ ṣaṭkṛtvaḥ etc.; many t. s: bahuśaḥ.
     II Time of the day: velā, ascertain what is the t.: jñāyatāṃ kā velā vartata iti, Mu. iv.; dinner t.: mojanavelā, P. iii.: v. Musical measure:
     1 layaḥ, in t. mean, slow and quick: madhyavilambitalaye dutalaye ca, D. vi.; her steps keeping t.: padanyāso layamupagataḥ;
     2 tālaḥ (= beating t.).

TIME (v.): expr. by circumlo.: v. Time, regulate.

TIMELINESS:
     1 sāmayikatā -tvam;
     2 better by adj.

TIMELY (adj.):
     1 by comp., by t. showers: samayavarṣitayā, R. ix. 3.;
     2 sāmayika (f. ), un-t. agitation: asāmayikakṣobhaḥ, Ki. ii. 40.;
     3 yathāsamaya (f. ) and sim. comp.s., t. risers: yathākālaprabodhinaḥ, R. i. 6.;
     4 kālika (f. kālikī: rare), un-t. flow: ākālikī pravṛttiḥ, Ku.

TIMELY (adv.):
     1 kāle;
     2 yathākālam;
     3 yathāsamayam.

TIMEPIECE: kālāṃśamānam.

TIME-SERVER: perh. kālānuvartin (f. ), samayānurodhin (f. ); etc.

TIMID:
     1 trasnu (mfn.);
     2 bhīru (f. also );
     3 kātara (f. ): v. Also fearful.

TIMIDITY:
     1 sādhvasam: v. Fear;
     2 kātaryam;
     3 bhīrutā -tvam;
     4 trasnutā.

TIMIDLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 samayam: v. Fearfully.

TIMOROUS, TIMOROUSLY, TIMOROUSNESS: v. Fearful, -ly, -ness.

TIN:
     1 raṅgam;
     2 vaṅgam.

TINCTURE:
     I Of colour, etc.: ābhā.
     II An extract: lepaḥ (?).

TINCTURE (v.): expr. with ābhā or chāyā.

TINDER:
     1 indhanam;
     2 edhas (n.).

TINGE:
     I Subs.:
     1 ābhā;
     2 chāyā.
     II Verb: rañjayati (rañj, c. 10.).

TINGLE: raṇaraṇāyate (nomi.) (?), t. ing: raṇaraṇaḥ (?).

TINKER: kāṃsyakāra (f. = brazier).

TINKLE:
     1 kvaṇati (kvaṇ, c. 1.);
     2 śiṃkte (śiñj, c. 7.).

TINKLING (subs.):
     1 kvaṇitam;
     2 śiñjatam.

TINMAN:
     1 vaṅgakāra (f. );
     2 raṅgakāra (f. ).

TINDEL: perh. raṅga (f. ṅgī: both lit. and fig.: comp. rāṃtā).

TINT: v. Tinge, colour.

TINY: kṣudra (f. drā): v. Small.

TIP (subs.):
     1 agram, t. of the nose: nāsāgram, J.;
     2 śikharam (rare), having a whetted t.: niśitaśikhara (f. ), C. vi.

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TIP (v.):
     I Lit.: expr. by subs., t.ped with gold: suvarṇāgra (f. grā): v. To put.
     II To top.: q. v.
     III Tip up, incline: āvarjayati (vṛj, c. 10.).

TIPPET:
     1 graiveyam -kam (?);
     2 grīvāvāraḥ (?).

TIPPLE: atipānaṃ karoti: v. To drink.

TIPPLER: atipāyin (f. ): v. Drunkard.

TIPSILY: expr. by adj., as if t.: kṣīva iva, Ki. xvi. 46.

TIPSY: kṣīva (f. ): v. Drunk.

TIPTOE:
     I Lit.:
     1 pādāgram;
     2 prapadam.
     II Fig.: t. mirth: āpādamastakaṃ harṣaḥ; t. of expectation: ānakhāntā āśā.

TIRADE: adhikṣepaḥ: v. Declamation, censure.

TIRE (subs.): Head-dress: uṣṇīṣam.
     II For wheels: lohavalayaḥ (?).

TIRE (v. t.): khedayati (c. of khid): v. To fatigue. To be t. d: pariśrāmyati (śram, c. 4.); you are also t.d: yūyamapi pariśrāntāḥ, Sa. i.: v. Fatigued.

TIRESOME:
     1 khedakaraḥ (rī raṃ), if it is not very t.: tadyadi nātikhedakaram, K.;
     2 klamajanana (f. );
     3 śramakara (f. );
     4 āyāsaka (f. sikā); etc.

TIRO: v. Novice, unskilful.

TISSUE:
     I Brocade: q. v.
     II Of the body: fibrous t.: jālam (?), Sr.
     III Succession, series: prabandhaḥ.

TITAN:
     1 daityaḥ;
     2 dānavaḥ;
     3 asuraḥ.

TITHE:
     1 daśāṃśaḥ;
     2 daśamāṃśaḥ;
     3 daśamabhāgaḥ.

TITILLATE, TITILLATION: v. Tickle, tickling.

TITLE:
     I Name, appellation: q. v.: nāman (n.), t. page: *nāmapatram.
     II Right: q. v.:
     1 adhikāraḥ;
     2 āgamaḥ, Mi.
     III Rank: q. v.: upādhiḥ.
     IV Inscription: q. v.

TITLE-DEED:
     1 āgamaḥ -patram;
     2 paṭṭolikā (rare).

TITTER: v. Laugh, ridicule.

TITLE: leśaḥ: v. Iota.

TITTLE-TATTLE: vijalpitam: v. Babble.

TITULAR:
     1 nāmamātra (f. trā);
     2 by adv.: nāmnaiva: v. Name.

TO:
     I With verbs of motion: by acc., I was taken to the edifice of the princess: nīto'haṃ kanyakāniketanam, D. vii. (G. Par. 162-3).
     II Expressing indirect object: by dat., shewing to the queen: darśayan patnyai, R. (G. Par. 180.).
     III With inf.: by inf., I have come to impart the knowledge: vidyāṃ dātumupāgato'sbhi, Ki. v. 23. (G. Par. 279-83).
     IV With special verb: q. v. V. In comparison to: by gen., who are other archers to me: ke mama dhanvino'nye, Ku. iii. 10. (G. Par. 211, 209),
     VI Of direction: to the north-west of Kailāsa: kailāsāt paścimodīcyām, Mat.: to the north of Nishadha: niṣadhasyottareṇa, Mah. (G. Par. 207, 196).
     VII=towards: q. v.
     VIII=up to: q. v.: ā with abl. or in comp., to the coast of the four oceans: ā pārebhyaścaturṇāmambhodhīnām, Mu. iii. 24.
     IX Expressing number: expr. by comp., to the number of five hundred: pañcaśatasaṃkhyaka (f. ).
     X In other senses; hand to hand: hastāhasti; to one's face: sammukhe; "to his ruin": svanāśāya; "she to his image was made": sā tadanurūpā kṛtā; "I have a king here to my flatterer": ayaṃ rājā mama stāvakabhūmau vartate.

TOAD: maṇḍūkaḥ: v. Frog.

TOADSTOOL: a plant: chatraviśeṣaḥ.

TODAY: cāṭuśīla (f. ): v. Sycophant.

TOAST:
     I Subs.: bhṛṣṭaṃ roṭikhaṇḍam.
     II Verb.: bhṛjjati (bhrasj, c. 6.): v. To fry. Ph.: to drink a t.: *jalapānaṃ karoti.

TOBACCO: tāmrakūṭaḥ or -kuṭṭaḥ -kaḥ.

TOBACCONIST: tāmrakuṭṭavikrayin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

TODAY: adya, of t.: adyatanaḥ (nī naṃ), tallikhyatāmadyatano divasaḥ. P.: v. Also now.

TODAY:
     1 tāḍiḥ(ḍī);
     2 tālī.

TOE:
     1 aṅguliḥ -lī (when the sense is clear), R. vi. 15.;
     2 pādāṅguliḥ -lī and sim. comp. s. The great t.: pādāṅguṣṭhaḥ or sim. aṅguṣṭhaḥ, (when the sense is clear). Ph.: from top to t.: ā keśāgrādā nakhāntāt, At.

TOGETHER:
     I In gen.:
     1 ekatra, these families t. number fourteen: etānyekatra caturdaśakulāni, K.; all excellences do not live t.: na vasantyekatra sarveguṇāḥ, Vi. i. 33.;
     2 saha, gen. in comp. (= co-), coming out t.: sahaiva niryatī, Ki. xiv. 56.; living t.: sahavasatiḥ, Sa. ii. 3.;
     3 samam (rare), flew t.: samaṃ samutpetuḥ, Ki. xiv. 45.
     II With verbs.: sam in comp., mix t.: saṃmiśrayati; live t.: saṃvasati, etc.
     III T. with: saha (rarely sākam samam or sārdham with ins.): v. With.

TOIL (subs.):
     I Labour:
     1 pariśramaḥ, the t. of going to a hermitage: tapovanagamanapariśramaḥ, Sa. 1.;
     2 kleśaḥ, t. when fruitful is no t.: saphalaḥ kle śo na kle śaḥ, M.n. on Ku. v. 36.;
     3 āyāsaḥ: v. Fatigue.
     II A net: q. v.: jālam.

TOIL (v.): pariśramaṃ or kleśaṃ karoti: v. To labour.

TOILET: bhūṣā vi-, Ki. ix. 1.: v. Dress, ornament.

TOILSOME:
     1 kaṣṭakara (f. );
     2 kaṣṭasāvya (f. dhyā);
     3 kleśakara (f. ), etc.

TOKEN: cihnam: v. Mark, sign.

TOLERABLE:
     I Lit.:
     1 sahya (f. hyā);
     2 sahanīya (f. );
     3 soḍhavya (f. vyā).
     II Moderately good: perh. nātimanda (f. ndā: comp. Bengali).

TOLERABLY: t. good or clever: nātimanda (f. ndā); t. cold: nātigrīṣma (f. ṣmā); etc.

TOLERANCE: v. Toleration.

TOLERANT: expr. by verb.: v. To tolerate.

TOLERATE:
     1 sahate (sah, c. 1.): v. To bear;
     2 kṣamate (kṣam, c. 1.).

TOLERATION:
     1 kṣamā;
     2 titikṣā: v. Forgiveness.

TOLL (v.): dhīraṃ vādayati: v. To sound.

TOLL (subs.):
     1 śulka (mn.), t.-collector: śaulkikaḥ;
     2 karaḥ (=tax).

TOLL-BOOTH:
     I Lit.: śulkasthānam and sim. comp.s.
     II Prison: kārā.

TOMATO: vijātīya- or vilātīya-hiṇḍariḥ.

TOMB: samādhiḥ. T.-stone: samādhiphalakam (?).

TOMORROW:
     1 śvaḥ, day after t.: paraśvaḥ: t. morning: śvaḥ prabhāte, Ram.; of t.: śvastanaḥ (nī naṃ) or śvastya (f. styā);
     2 kalyam (also = yesterday).

TOMTOM:
     I A drum: q. v.: ḍiṇḍimaḥ.
     II A cart: yānaviśeṣaḥ.

TON: mānaviśeṣaḥ, expr. with bhaṇaḥ (about 80 lbs.).

TONE (subs.):
     I Voice: q. v.: svaraḥ.
     II Manner:
     1 bhāvaḥ;
     2 ceṣṭā or ceṣṭitam, D. viii.
     III In music: svaram, quarter t.: śrutiḥ, Si. xi. 1.
     IV Of the body: balam: v. Strength.
     V In painting: aujjvalyam.

TONGS:
     1 saṃdaśakaḥ;
     2 kaṅkamukhaḥ.

TONGUE:
     I Lit.: jihvā, I cannot hold my t.: na śaknomyātmano jihvāṃ dhārayitum,
     V ii.: I cannot keep my t.: jihvāṃ rakṣituṃ na śaknomi, V. ii.; I have controlled (my) t. in such a way: evaṃ mayā jihvā saṃyantritā,
     V ii.;
     2 raśa(sa)nā, the Vedas were on the tip of his t.: tasya kila chandāṃsi rasanāgre, D. vii.
     II Speech, language: q. v.: vāc, in human t.: manusyavācā, R. ii. 33.

TONIC (adj. and subs.):
     1 sarvadoṣaharaḥ (rī raṃ) (=remover of all disorder of the system), Sr.;
     2 medhāgnibalavardhanaḥ (nī naṃ) (=improving memory, appetite, and strength), Sr.;
     4 balya (f. lyā = strengthening), Bha.

TO-NIGHT: adya rātrau niśi naktaṃ or rajanyām

TONNAGE: expr. with bhāraḥ (=weight, burden: q. v.).

TONSIL: kaṇṭhasnotasa (?), Bha.

TOO:
     I Also: q. v.: api, he t.: so'pi.
     II Very: ati- or su- in comp. t. long (of time): suciram, K.; t. long (of direction): sudīrgha (f. rghā), C.; t. great a load: atibhāraḥ, H.: v. Also excessively.

TOOL:
     I Lit.:
     1 upakaraṇam, t. and apparatus of artisans: śilpināṃ dravyopakaraṇam, Mah. ii. 5. 128.; t. s by which he earns his livelihood: yad yad yasyopakaraṇaṃ tena jīvanti jīvikām, N. s.
     II Fig.: he is a mere t. in his hands: sa tena yantravaccālyate.

TOOTH:
     1 dantaḥ, "skin of t.: dantaveṣṭaḥ", Sr.; white t. ed: śubhradanta (f. ntī). Ph.: t.-powder: dantaśodhanacūrṇam, Sr.; t. picker: dantasya nirgharṣaṇakam, H.; ii.; having fine teeth: sudat (f. ), R.;
     2 daśana (mn.), marks of teeth: daśanacihnam, Si.;
     3 radaḥ (rare), row of teeth: radāvalī, Ku. xvii. 43. Ph.: on the teeth of: i. e. in spite of: expr. with gen. or loc.: on the teeth of the Vedas: vedeṣu jāgarūkeṣu, D. s.; in the teeth of us: miṣatāṃ naḥ, Ku. ii. 46.

TOOTH-BRUSH:
     1 kurcakam or dantadhāvanakurcakam, Sr.;
     2 dantapāvanam, Sr.

TOOTHLESS:
     1 dantahīna (f. );
     2 vītadanta (f. ntā); etc.

TOOTHSOME: svādu (f. also dvī): v. Palatable, tasty.

TOP (subs.):
     I Tip, peak: q. v.: agram;
     2 śikharam, from the top of a tree: taruśikharāt, K.
     II A playing t.: bhramaram.

TOP (adj.):
     1 agra- in comp., in the t.-most summit: agrasānuṣu, Ki. ix. 7.: v. First;
     2 mukhya (f. khyā): v. Chief;
     3 śreṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā); ; v. Superior, excellent.

TOP (v.):
     I Lit.: v. Top (subs.), to cover, put. Ph.: t.ed with white clouds: śvetameghakṛtaśīrṣa (f. rṣā.), Mat. 116. 5.
     II Overcome, surpass: q. v.: atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.).

TOPAZ:
     1 puṣparāgaḥ;
     2 pītasāraḥ;
     3 pītāman (m.) and sim. comp. s.

TOPE:
     I Buddhist: stūpaḥ.
     II Of trees:
     1 stūpaḥ;
     2 phkāṭaḥ.

TOPIC: viṣayaḥ: v. Subject.

TOP-KNOT: cūḍā: v. Crest.

TOPOGRAPHY: saṃsthānavarṇanam -nā (?) and sim. comp. s.

TOPPLE: patati (pat, c. 1.): v. To fall.

TOPSYTURVY:
     1 astavyasta (f. stā);
     2 viparyasta (f. stā).

TORCH:
     1 ulkā, moved about with t. es in their hands: ulkāhastau viceratuḥ, Ram. vi. 53. 7.; with hundreds of lighted t.es: ulkāśataiḥ prajvalitaiḥ, Mah.;
     2 ulmukam (rare).

TORMENT (v.):
     1 khalīkaroti, this man is t.ed by the head gambler: ayaṃ sabhikena khalīkriyate, Mr. ii.;
     2 bādhate: v. To vex, trouble, pain.

TORMENT (subs.):
     1 yātanā;
     2 yantraṇā;
     3 kāraṇā.

TORMENTOR: expr. by verb or subs.

TORNADO: ghūrṇavāyuḥ and sim. comp. s.: v. Storm, wind.

TORPEDO:
     I a fish: *vaidyutakaḥ.
     II An engine: *pramāthinī.

TORPID: jaḍa (f. ḍā): v. Numb, slow, inactive.

TORPIDITY, TORPOR: jāḍyam: v. Numbness, slowness.

TORRENT:
     I Of rain etc.:
     1 dhārā;
     2 āsāraḥ: v. Rain.
     II Stream: q. v.: srotas (n.): v. Also flow.

TORRID: uṣṇa (f. ṣṇā): v. Hot.

TORTOISE:
     1 kūrmaḥ;
     2 kacchapaḥ;
     3 kamaṭhaḥ. Ph.: t. -shell: kamaṭhapṛṣṭham, Ma. n.

TORTUOUS: vakra (f. krā): v. Crooked.

TORTURE (subs.): yātanā;
     2 kāraṇā (rare), of the eighteen t.s: aṣṭādaśānāṃ kāraṇānām, D. ii.

TORTURE (v.): yātanāṃ or kāraṇāṃ dadāti (, c. 3.): v. Also to pain, torment.

TORTURER:
     1 yātanādāyin (f. );
     2 by circumlo.

TOSS (v.):
     I Trans.: vikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To throw about, scatter, roll.
     II Intrans.:
     1 vikṣipyate (pass. of kṣip);
     2 itastataḥ syandate (syand, c. 1.): v. Also to roll.

TOSS (subs.):
     1 utkṣepaḥ -ṇam saṃ-;
     2 kṣepaḥ: v. Throw.

TOTAL (adj.):
     1 sakala (f. ), t. number of lotuses: sakalakamalasaṃkhyā, Li. 28.;
     2 samagra (f. grā): v. All, whole.

TOTAL, TOTALITY (subs.):
     1 sākalyam;
     2 samaṣṭiḥ;
     3 aikyam, Li. 85.

TOTALLY: sampūrṇam: v. Fully, wholly.

TOTTER: hvalati pra- vi- (hval, c. 1.): v. Waver, stagger.

TOUCH (v.):
     1 spṛśati, rarely with pari- or saṃ- (spṛś, c. 6.), you t. her eyes: dṛṣṭiṃ spṛśasi, Sa. i. 24.; this will not t. me: na māṃ spṛśedayam, Mah.;
     2 by subs., what can be t.ed: sparśavat (f. ), Par. 56.: v. Also affect, feel.

TOUGH (subs.): sparśaḥ -nam, or rarely spṛṣṭiḥ saṃ- pari-; pleasure of t.: sparśasukham, Ki.; admitting of t.: sparśakṣam (f. ), Sa. i. 29.; t. ing my feet: matpādaspṛṣṭikayā, Vi. iv.: v. Also contact.

TOUCH AT, TOUCH ON or UPON: spṛśati: v. To touch.

TOUCHING:
     I Adj.: hṛdayaspṛś (mfn.): v. Pathetic.
     II = about: q. v.: uddiśya.

TOUCH-ME-NOT: a plant: latāviśeṣaḥ.

TOUCHSTONE: kaṣaḥ ni- "kaṣapāṣāṇanibhe nabhastale", N.

TOUCHY: kopana (f. ): v. Irritable, peevish.

TOUGH:
     1 kaṭhina (f. =hard);
     2 dṛḍha (f. ḍhā= firm);
     3 guru (f. also rvī=heavy: as of meat), Bha.

TOUGHNESS:
     1 kāṭhinyam: v. Hardness;
     2 dṛḍhatā or dārḍhyam: v. Firmness;
     3 guruttvam: v. Heaviness.

TOUR: paribhramaṇam: v. Travel.

TOURIST:
     1 paribhramaṇakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 paryaṭaka (f. ṭikā); etc.

TOURNAMENT: sādināṃ niyuddham or krīḍāyuddham (?).

TOW:
     I Verb: karṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To drag.
     II Subs.: sthūlaśāṇam and sim. comp. s: v. Rope. Ph.: to take in t.: baddhā nayati, (, c. 1.: comp. Bengali).

TOWARD, TOWARDS:
     1 prati in comp., t. Śiva: īśaṃ prati, Ku. v. 31.; t. the north-east: aiśānīṃ diśaṃ prati, V. i.;
     2 abhi (gen. in comp.), t. evening: abhisāyam, Si. i. 16.; t. Ayodhyā: abhyayodhyam, B. ii. 49.: v. Also to (VI).

TOWARD, TOWARDLY: anuvidhāyin (f. ): v. Compliant.

TOWEL: gātramārjanī and sim. comp. s.

TOWER (subs.):
     I Lit.: khaṭṭaḥ (?).
     II Fig.: t. of strength: balopastambhaḥ.

TOWER (v.): upari tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1.): v. To stand, high.

TOWLINE: i. e. towing rope: guṇaḥ (?).

TOWN: nagaram(rī);
     2 puram(rī).

TOWNSMAN, TOWNSWOMAN:
     1 nāgarika (f. );
     2 paura (f. );
     3 paurajanaḥ (f. vadhūḥ).

TOWNHALL: pauraśālā (?) and sim. comp. s.

TOY:
     I Subs.: krīḍanakam.
     II Verb.: v. To play, sport.

TRACE (v.):
     I To draw: q. v.: ālikhati (likh, c. 6.).
     II With out: āsādayati (c. of sad): v. To find out.

TRACE (subs.):
     I Mark: q. v.: cihnam.
     II Foot-print: q. v.: padavī.
     III Of a carriage: pragrahaḥ (grāhaḥ).

TRACE (subs.):
     I Mark: q. v.: cihnam.
     II Way: q. v.: mārgaḥ.

TRACK (v.):
     1 vimārgayati (mṛga, c. 10.): v. search;
     2 anusarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To follow.

TRACKLESS:
     I Markless: expr. by circumlo.
     II Without any path.: niḥsañcāra (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

TRACT:
     I Place, region: q. v.: bhūbhāgaḥ.
     II Treatise, book: q. v.: prabandhaḥ.

TRACTABLE: vidheya (f. ): v. Docile, submissive.

TRADE (subs.):
     1 vāṇijyam (rarely vaṇijyā = commerce);
     2 vyavahāraḥ (= business);
     3 vyāpāraḥ (=2);
     4 vyavasāyaḥ (=2).

TRADE (v.): vāṇijyaṃ karoti, K. s. vi. 47.; one who t.s in paddy: dhānyavyavasāyin (f. ); one who t. s in book: pustakavikrayin (f. ṇī): v. To sell.

TRADER:
     1 vāṇijyakārin (f. ṇī);
     2 vikrayin (f. ṇī = seller: q. v.).

TRADESMAN: paṇyavikrayin (f. ṇī): v. Shopkeeper.

TRADITION: handed down by t.: anekavṛddhaparamparāsamāgata (f. ), K.: v. Also rumour, history.

TRADITIONAL, TRADITIONALLY: expr. by circumlo: v. Above.

TRADUCE: abhiśaṃsati (śaṃs, c. 1.): v. Calumniate.

TRADUCER: abhiśaṃsaka (f. sikā): v. Calumniator.

TRAFFIC: v. Trade.

TRAGEDIAN: *mahānāṭakakṛt (mfn.); lokanāṭakakāra (f. ); etc.

TRAGEDY: *mahānāṭakam lokanāṭakam, etc.

TRAGIC, TRAGICAL:
     I Of a tragedy: expr. by comp.
     II Fatal, mournful: q. v.: duranta (f. ntā).

TRAGI-COMEDY: *miśranāṭakam.

TRAIL (subs.):
     I Foot-print: q. v.: padavī.
     II Scent left: gandhaḥ.

TRAIL (v.): ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To drag, draw.

TRAIN (subs.):
     I A series, succession: paramparā.
     II Retinue: q. v.: parivarhaḥ.
     III Railway: *lauhaśakaṭamālā.
     IV Of dress: pucchaḥ (?). V. Of army: perh. parivarhaḥ.

TRAIN (v.):
     I Educate, instruct: q. v.: vinayati (, c. 1.).
     II To accustom, exercise: q. v.: paricayaṃ karoti, t. ed to arms: paricitaśastra (f. strā): v. Conversant.

TRAINING (subs.): śikṣā: v. Instruction, education.

TRAIT: lakṣaṇam: v. Feature, mark.

TRAITOR, TRAITOROUS:
     1 viśvāsaghātaka (f. tikā);
     2 viśvāsahan (mfn.);
     3 viśvāsaghātin (f. ).

TRAMMEL:
     I Subs.: bandhaḥ: v. Fetter.
     II Verb: badhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To fetter, bind.

TRAMPLE: mṛdrāti (mṛd, c. 9.): v. To crush, overwhelm.

TRANCE: perh. pramohaḥ: v. Also ecstasy.

TRANQUIL: śānta pra- (f. ntā): v. Calm, quiet.

TRANQUILLITY: śāntiḥ pra-ḥ v. Calmness, peace.

TRANQUILLIZE: sā(śā)ntvayati(sā[śā]ntv, c. 10.): v. To quiet, pacify.

TRANSACT:
     1 karotiḥ v. To do;
     2 niṣpādayatiḥ v. To accomplish.

TRANSACTION:
     I The act:
     1 karaṇam;
     2 anuṣṭhānam: v. Accomplishment, performance.
     II Act, affair: kāryam.

TRANSCEND: atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To surpass.

TRANSCENDENT, -AL:
     1 sarvātiśāyin (f. );
     2 sarvātirikta (f. ktā), R. i. 14.; etc.

TRANSCRIBE: likhati (likh, c. 6.: when sense clear): v. To copy.

TRANSCRIBER: lipikaraḥ: v. Copyist, writer.

TRANSCRIPT: perh. pratilipiḥ or pratilekhaḥ.

TRANSFER (v.): I t. the case in another court: *vicārakāntare samarpayāmyartham; t. red to another division: *vibhāgāntaraṃ preṣita (f. ): v. To send, deliver, give.

TRANSFER (subs.), TRANSFERENCE, TRANSFERABLE; expr. as above.

TRANSFIGURATION, TRANSFIGURE: v. Transformation, transform.

TRANSFIX:
     I Lit.: pravayati (ve, c. 1.), t. ed with dart: prāsaprota (f. ), Vi.: v. Also to pierce.
     II Fig.: jaḍīkarotiḥ v. To stupefy.

TRANSFORM: she will be t. ed into a plant: sā latābhāve pariṇatarūpā bhaviṣyati, Vi. iv.; as if t. ed: rūpāntareṇeva pariṇata (f. ), K.: v. To change, form.

TRANSFORMATION:
     1 rūpāntarapariṇatiḥ;
     2 parivartaḥ (= change).

TRANSFUSE:
     I To pour: q. v.
     II To pass, pervade: q. v.

TRANSFUSE:
     1 saṃkrāmaṇam;
     2 saṃkrāntiḥ.

TRANSGRESS (v.):
     I Trans.: atikrāmati vi- (kram, c. 1.): v. To break, violate.
     II Intrans.: aparādhyati (rādh, c. 4.): v. To offend, sin.

TRANSGRESSION:
     I The act: atikramaḥ vi-: v. Violation.
     II Offence, fault: q. v.: aparādhaḥ.

TRANSGRESSOR:
     I Lit.: expr. by verb or comp.: v. Violator.
     II Offender, sinner: q. v.: aparādhin (f. ).

TRANSIENT:
     I Fleeting, passing:
     1 acirasthāyin (f. );
     2 cañcalaḥ (lā laṃ), wealth is t.: cañcalaṃ vasu, Ki. xiii. 53.;
     3 capalaḥ (lā laṃ = unsteady), life is very t.: jīvanamatiśayacapalam, J.;
     4 anitya (f. tyā = not eternal).
     II Momentary, hasty: kṣaṇika (f. ).

TRANSIT: krāntiḥ (?), t. of Venus *śukrakrāntiḥ.

TRANSITION: expr. by circumlo.: v. Change.

TRANSITIVE: sakarmakaḥ "nanu sarveṣāṃ sakarmakatāyānti" Kaṇāda.

TRANSITIVELY: expr. by adj. or subs.

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TRANSITORINESS:
     1 kṣaṇabhaṅguratā;
     2 acirasthāyitā etc. (= transientness).

TRANSITORY: kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Transient.

TRANSLATE:
     I Lit.:
     1 karoti (=render);
     2 bhāṣāntarīkaroti (?).
     II To transform: q. v.
     III By death: lokāntaraṃ nayati (, c. 1.). t. d: lokāntaragata (f. ); etc.

TRANSLATION:
     I The act: t. into English: iṃlaṇḍīyabhāṣāyāṃ karaṇam.
     II What is translated: *bhāṣāntarīkṛta (f. tāḥ (?).
     III Removal, transformation: q. v.

TRANSLATOR: *bhāṣāntarīkāraka (f. rikā); better by verb.

TRANSLUCENT: svaccha (f. cchā): v. Clear, lucid.

TRANSMIGRATE: v. To emigrate, migrate.

TRANSMISSION: expr. by circumlo.: v. Below.

TRANSMIT:
     I To send: q. v.: prerayati (īr, c. 10.). To be t. ted: (= to pass): q. v.: gacchati (gam, c. 1.).
     II To suffer, to pass through: iron t. s electricity: *lauhena vidyunniṣpatati.

TRANSMUTATION: pariṇatiḥ: v. Change.

TRANSMUTE: parivartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To change.

TRANSPARENCY:
     I Lit.: svacchatā: v. Clearness.
     II A picture: *svacchālekhyam or -citram.

TRANSPARENT: accha (f. cchā), su-: v. Clear.

TRANSPIRE:
     I To become public: q. v.: prakāśīmavati.
     II To come out: niḥsarati (sṛ, c. 1.).

TRANSPLANT: sthānāntare ropayati (c. of ruh): v. To plant.

TRANSPORT:
     I Carry, convey: q. v.: nayati (, c. 1.).
     II To banish: dvīpāntaraṃ nayati.
     III To delight: q. v.

TRANSPORT (subs.):
     I Conveyance:
     1 nayanam;
     2 better by verb.
     II A ship: pravahaṇam.
     III Rapture, ecstays: q. v.: harṣanirbharaḥ.
     IV Of passion: krodhāveśaḥ and sim. comp. s.

TRANSPORTATION:
     I Conveyance: vāhanam.
     II Banishment: dvīpāntaravivāsanam and sim. comp. s.

TRANSPOSE: vinimayaḥ (me, c. 1.): v. To interchange.

TRANSPOSITION:
     1 vinimayaḥ (= interchange);
     2 vyatyayaḥ;
     3 vyatyāsaḥ.

TRANSVERSE: vyatyasta (f. stā): v. Also inverse.

TRANSVERSELY:
     1 vyatyāsena (?);
     2 tiryak (= obliquely).

TRAP (subs.): kūṭam: v. Snare.

TRAP (v.): v. To ensnare, entrap.

TRAP-DOOR:
     1 kūṭādvāraṃ (?);
     2 pakṣmadvāram (= side-door).

TRAPPINGS:
     1 sajjā (= equipment);
     2 bhūṣā (= ornament).

TRAPEZIUM: atulyalambakaṃ kṣetram, Li. 160.; *viṣamacaturbhujaḥ.

TRAPEZOID: samalambaṃ kṣetram, Li. and sim. comp. s.

TRASH (subs.): expr. by adj.: asāra (f. ), tuccha (f. cchā) or nirarthaka (f. ).

TRAVAIL: v. Labour, toil.

TRAVEL, TRAVELLING:
     1 paribhramaṇam;
     2 paryaṭanam;
     3 vicaraṇam.

TRAVEL:
     1 bhrāmyati or bhramati (bhram, c. 4. and 1.), I have t. led through many countries: bhrānto deśamanekam, J.;
     2 aṭati pari- (aṭ, c. 1.), t. the holy places: tīrthāṇi paryaṭasva, Mah.;
     3 vicarati (to move about), he t. ed over this world: vyacaratsa mahīmimāṃ, Mah. iii. 135. 50.;
     4 caṃkramyate (from kram: rare), Mah iii. 136. 1.: v. Also to go.

TRAVELLER:
     1 pathikaḥ (= wayfarer), became t. s in the forest by the bank of the Bhāgīrathī:. bhāgīrathītaṭavane pathikāvabhūtām, C. r. ii. 53.;
     2 pānthaḥ (= 1);
     3 paribhramaṇakārin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp. s (rare).

TRAVERSE:
     I To cross: q. v.: tarati (tṝ, c. 1.).
     II To travel: q. v.

TRAVESTY: v. Parody.

TRAY:
     1 bhājanam (?);
     2 ādhāraḥ (?).

TREACHEROUS:
     1 viśvāsahantṛ (f. ntrī), and t. men: viśvāsahantā ca naraḥ, M. p. 15. 7.;
     2 viśvāsaghātin (f. ), I am not t. Rākshasa: nāhaṃ viśrambhaghātī rākṣasaḥ, Mu. v.; and sim. comp. s.

[Page 720]

TREACHEROUSLY:
     1 nikṛtyā (= wickedly), M.p. 15. 41.;
     2 śāṭhyena (= deceitfully: q. v.).

TREACHEROUSNESS, TREACHERY:
     1 viśvāsabhaṅgaḥ;
     2 viśrambhaghātaḥ; etc.

TREACLE:
     1 guḍaḥ (= molasses);
     2 guḍocchiṣṭam (the refuse).

TREAD (v.): kṣuṇatti (kṣud, c. 7.), momentarily trodden by the fādava's forces: kṣuṇṇaḥ kṣaṇaṃ yadubalaiḥ, Si. v. 11.; were trodden upon by chariots: cukṣudire rathaughaiḥ, Si. iii. 27.; from the trodden path: kṣuṇṇādvartmanaḥ, R. i. 17.: v. Also to press, put.

TREAD:
     1 pādanyāsaḥ;
     2 caraṇapātaḥ; etc.

TREASON:
     1 rājadrohaḥ;
     2 rājābhidrohaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

TREASONABLE, TREASONOUS:
     1 by comp. s.;
     2 rājadrohin (f. ṇī); etc.

TREASURE (v.): saṃcinoti (ci, c. 5.): v. To store.

TREASURE (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 kośaḥ(ṣaḥ), t. is the life of those who possess it: koṣaḥ koṣavatāṃ prāṇaḥ, H. ii. 92.;
     2 dhanam (= money; riches).
     II Fig.:
     1 ratnam;
     2 dhanam;
     3 bhāṇḍam, t. of a son: putrabhāṇḍam, Vi. B. r.

TREASURER:
     1 koṣādhyakṣaḥ;
     2 kośādhīśaḥ, Vi. vi. 1.; and sim. comp. s.

TREASURERSHIP:
     1 kośādhyakṣatā and sim. comp. s;
     2 arthādhikāraḥ, H. ii.

TREASURE-TROVE:
     1 nidhiḥ, like a poor man getting t.: nidhiṃ labdhveva nirdhanaḥ, S. p.;
     2 nikhātaṃ dhanam and sim. comp. s.

TREASURY:
     1 kośaḥ(ṣaḥ): should send the second half to the t.: dvitīyamardhaṃ kośe niveśayet, V. s.;
     2 kośagṛham and sim. comp. s, R. v. 29.;
     3 māṇḍāgāram (= store-house), Y. i. 320.;
     4 bhāṇḍāram (= 3), employees in t.: bhāṇḍārikāḥ, M.n. on R. v. 29.

TREAT (v. t.):
     I To behave, act: q. v.: ācarati sam- (car, c. 1.), should t. (grown up) sons like friends: putraṃ mitravadācaret, J. Ph.: to t. with respect: v. To respect; to t. with contumely: v. To despise.
     II To describe: q. v.: varṇayati (varṇ, c. 10.).
     III To satiate: q. v.: tarpayati saṃ- (c. of tṛp).
     IV Medically:
     1 cikitsati (kit, c. 1.), Sr.;
     2 upa-carati upā-, (car, c. 1.), should t. him with febrifuges: taṃ jvaraghnaiḥ samupācaret, Sr.;
     3 upakrāmati (kram, c. 1.) (rare), having t. ed me with gesticulations, charms, prayers, meditations etc.: māṃ mudrātantramantradhyānādibhirupakramya, D. ii. T. with: i. e. negotiate: saṃ-dadhāti or -dhatte (dhā, c. 3.).

TREAT (subs.): to give a grand or rich t. to: bhojanaviśeṣaiḥ santarpayati.

TREATISE:
     1 prabandhaḥ;
     2 granthaḥ (= book).

TREATMENT:
     I Behaviour, conduct:
     1 ācaraṇam;
     2 vyavahāraḥ;
     3 vṛttiḥ.
     II Medical t.;
     1 cikitsā;
     2 upacāraḥ;
     3 upakramaḥ (rare).
     III Description: q. v.: varṇanā.

TREATY:
     I Negotiation: sandhānam or sandhiḥ.
     II Agreement, condition: patram, t. of peace: sandhipatram; t. of marriage: vivāhapatram.

TREBLE:
     I Lit.: triguṇa (f. ṇā).
     II In music: tāra (f. ).
     III Verb: triguṇīkaroti or triguṇayati.

TREBLY:
     1 tredhā or tridhā;
     2 triguṇam (= threefold).

TREE:
     1 vṛkṣaḥ, t.-planter: vṛkṣaropayitā, He.;
     2 taruḥ, who wear bark of t. s: taruvalkavāsas (mfn.), R. viii. 11.;
     2 drumaḥ, full of t. s: drumavat (f. ), R. ix. 26.;
     4 pādapaḥ, a t. with thick shade: ghanacchāyaḥ pādapaḥ, He.;
     5 vanaspatiḥ (= large t.), made of five t. s: pañcavanaspatiracitaḥ, V. m. 79. 39.;
     6 mahīruhaḥ;
     7 śākhin (m.);
     8 duḥ;
     9 anokahaḥ;
     10 vanarājiḥ.

TREFOIL:
     1 triparṇaḥ (?);
     2 tridalaḥ;
     3 tripatraḥ (?).

TRELLIS: v. Lattice.

TREMBLE:
     1 vepate pra- (vep, c. 1.), t. ing mother: vepamānajananī, R. xi. 65.;
     2 kampate pra- (kamp, c. 1.), he made the kings t.: nṛpagaṇamasāvakampayat, Si. xv. 3.

TREMBLING (subs.): kampaḥ: v. Tremor.

TREMENDOUS: ghora (f. ): v. Immense, huge, terrible.

[Page 721]

TREMENDOUSLY: ghoram: v. Also immensely, exceedingly.

TREMENDOUSNESS: ghoratā: v. Also greatness, largeness.

TREMOR:
     1 vepathuḥ, some were in t.: kecidvepathumāseduḥ, B. iv. 43.;
     2 kampaḥ pra-, already t. from old age: prāgeva jarasā kampaḥ, Sa. vi. 29.

TREMULOUS:
     1 kampra (f. mprā);
     2 vepamāna (f. );
     3 kampamāna (f. );
     4 lola (f. ), vyā- (= shaking: of things).

TRENCH:
     I Subs.:
     1 khātam (= ditch);
     2 parikhā (round a fort etc.);
     3 nālī praṇālī (channel for irrigation);
     4 ālavālam (round a tree).
     II Verb: khātaṃ or praṇālīṃ karotiḥ v. Also to dig.

TRENCHER:
     I A digger: khanakaḥ.
     II A vessel: kāṣṭhabhājanam.

TRENCH UPON: v. To encroach.

TREPAN:
     I Subs.: perh. dantaśaṅkuḥ, Sr.
     II Verb: v. To cheat, deceive.

TREPIDATION: udvegaḥ: v. Alarm, agitation.

TRESPASS (subs.):
     I Lit.: atikramaḥ: v. Transgression, offence.
     II In law: atikramya praveśaḥ (?), house-t. by night: atikramya rajanyāṃ gṛhapraveśaḥ (?).

TRESPASS (v.):
     I Lit.: atikrāmati (kram, c. 1.).
     II In law: atikrabhya praviśati (viś, c. 6.).
     III Of time: harati (hṛ, c. 1.).

TRESPASSER: expr. by verb.

TRESS: kavarī: v. Curl, hair.

TRIAD:
     1 trayam (f. );
     2 trikam.

TRIAL:
     I Examination: q. v.: parīkṣā.
     II Judicial: vicāraḥ.
     III Affliction, calamity: kṛcchram.

TRIANGLE:
     1 tribhujam, right-angled t.: koṭimat or ṛjubhujaṃ tribhujam, Li. 125. (samakoṇatribhujam), K. d.; acute-a. t.: antarlambaṃ tribhujam; obtuse-a. t.: bahirlambaṃ tribhujam; base of a t.: bhuḥ bhūmiḥ kṣmā, etc.;
     2 tryasram;
     3 tribāhukam.

TRIANGULAR:
     1 trikoṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 tryasra (f. srā); etc.

TRIBE: jātiḥ: v. Caste, race, nation.

TRIBULATION: kaṣṭam: v. Trouble, calamity.

TRIBUNAL:
     I Seat of a judge: and sim. comp. s.
     II Court: q. v.: dharmasabhā.

TRIBUNE: prajāpālaḥ.

TRIBUTARY: karada (f. : perh. also of rivers), who has made (other) kings t.: karadīkṛtabhūpālaḥ, Si. ii. 9.

TRIBUTE:
     I Lit.: karaḥ, pay in kind some t. to Yudhiṣṭhira: yudhiṣṭhirāya yaktiṃcit karapaṇyaṃ pradīyatām, Mah. ii. 28. 15.
     II Fig.: upahāraḥ (= present: q. v.).

TRICE: nimeṣaḥ, in a t.: nimeṣamātreṇa or mātrāt, R. iii. 61.

TRICE (subs.):
     I Artifice, stratagem: q. v.:
     1 chalam;
     2 chadman.
     II Juggler's: māyā, in all the t. s of Śambara: śambarasya māyāsu.
     III Play: q. v.: khelā or khelitam.

TRICK (v.): chalayati (chal, c. 10.): v. To deceive.

TRICKERY: chalam: v. Deceit, deception.

TRICKLE: mandaṃ mandaṃ sravati (sru, c. 1.): v. To ooze, flow.

TRICKSTER: vañcaka (f. ñcikā), pra-: v. Cheat, deceitful, rogue.

TRIDENT: triśūlam, T.-handed (Śiva) śūlapāṇiḥ.

TRIENNIAL:
     1 traivārṣika (f. );
     2 tryabdika (f. ); etc.

TRIFLE:
     I Subs.: expr. by adj.: v. Trifling.
     II Verb: khelati (khel, c. 1.): v. To play. To t. away: kṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To waste, spend.

TRIFLING (adj.):
     1 tuccha (f. cchā);
     2 nirarthaka (f. = useless);
     3 ladhu (f. also ghvī =light);
     4 kṣudra (f. drā = small).

TRIGGER: avaṣṭambhaḥ.

TRIGONOMETRICAL: expr. by comp., t. survey: trikoṇamitimāpaḥ.

TRIGONOMETRY: trikoṇamitiḥ.

TRILATERAL: tribhujaḥ (jā jaṃ) and sim. comp. s.

TRILL: v. Quaver.

TRILLION: daśaparārddham or paraḥparārddham.

TRIM (v.): kalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.): v. To clip, arrange, dress.

TRIM (adj.): kḷpta (f. ptā): v. Neat.

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TRIM, TRIMMING (subs.): parikalpaḥ: v. Also dress.

TRINITY: trayaikatvam (?) "ekaiva mūrtirbibhide tridhā sā, K. vii. 44.

TRINKET: alaṅkāraḥ: v. Ornament.

TRIO: trayam or trayī, Si. ii. 8.

TRIP (subs.):
     I An excursion: bhramaṇam.
     II A tremble: skhalitam.

TRIP (v.):
     I Intrans.: skhalati (skhal, c. 1.).
     II Trans.: skhalayati (c. of skhal).

TRIPARTITE: tribhāga- or tredhā-vibhakta (f. ktā) and sim. comp. s.

TRIPE:
     I Entrails: antrāṇi (n. pl.).
     II Stomach: jaṭharam.

TRIPLE: Treble.

TRIPLER:
     I Lit.: trikam.
     II Of verses: viśeṣakam.

TRIPOD: tripadī.

TRIPOS: mathematical t.: gaṇitaparīkṣā (?).

TRISYLLABIC:
     1 tryakṣara (f. );
     2 trika (f. ).

TRISYLLABLE:
     1 tryakṣaram;
     2 trikam 'ma' is the technical name of a t. whose every syllable is long: sarvagurostrikasya masaṃjñā paribhāṣyate, P. h.

TRITE:
     1 kṣuṇṇa (f. ṇṇā), if one leaves out the subject of Rāma, because it is t.: yadi kṣuṇṇaṃ pūrvairiti jahati rāmasya caritam, A. n. i. 9.

TRIUMPH (subs.):
     I Victory: q. v.: vijayaḥ.
     II Roman: vijayotsavaḥ.

TRIUMPH (v.):
     I Exalt, celebrate victory: vijayotsavaṃ karoti.
     II To gain victory, win: q. v.: vijayate (ji, c. 1.).
     III To thrive, prosper: q. v.

TRIUMPHAL: jaya- or vijaya- in comp., t. arch: jayatoraṇam.

TRIUMPHANT:
     1 jayin (f. ), vi-, in the t. seat: jayinyāsane, Ki. xviii. 38.;
     2 jaitra (f. trī);
     3 jitvara (f. ), vi-;
     4 jayaśālin (f. ); and sim. comp. s.

TRIUMVIRATE: trijanaśāsanam and sim. comp. s (?).

TRIUNE: trikaika (f. ) (?) and sim. comp. s.

TRIVIAL: v. Trifling.

TRIVIALITY:
     1 tucchatā;
     2 kṣudratā (= smallness);
     3 nirarthakatā (= uselessness): v. Also trifle.

TROCHEE:
     1 tālaḥ (Wilson);
     2 galau (dual);
     3 ādigurudvikam.

TROOP:
     I In pl.: sainikāḥ or sainyāḥ: v. Also forces, army.
     II Company: q. v.: gulmaḥ.
     III Collection, multitude: q. v.: yūtham.

TROOPER: sādin (m.): v. Horseman.

TROPE: rūpakam: v. Metaphor, figure.

TROPHY:
     1 jayastambhaḥ (column);
     2 vijayaliṅgam (mark); etc.

TROPIC:
     1 ayanavṛttam (?). Ph.: the space within the t. s.: krāntivalayaḥ.

TROPICAL:
     I Metaphorical: q. v.
     II Belonging to the t. s: krāntivalaya- in comp.

TROT:
     I Subs.: dho(dhī)rītam -kam.
     II Verb: dhoritakena yāti (, c. 2.) etc.: v. To go.

TROTH: viśvāsaḥ: v. Faith.

TROTTER: dhoritakuśalo hayaḥ and sim. comp. s.

TROUBLE (subs.):
     1 kaṣṭam (in every sense); v. Distress, pain, calamity;
     2 kleśaḥ (=toil), forgot her t. s: kleśaṃ visasmāra, M. n. on Ku. v. 86.

TROUBLE (v.):
     1 kliśnāti pari- saṃ- (kliś, c. 9.), even the keeping up of what is gained t. s: kliśnāti labdhaparipālanavṛttireva, Sa. v. 5.;
     2 bādhate; (bādh, c. 1. = harass), t. good citizens: bādhante bhadrikāḥ prajāḥ, Mu.;
     2 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To pain.: Ph.: don't t. yourself: alamalamāyāsena, S. iii.

TROUBLESOME:
     1 kaṣṭakara (f. );
     2 kleśāvaha (f. ), and sim. deriv. Ph.: a t. fellow: kaṇṭakaḥ (= thorn).

TROUBLOUS: t. sea: kṣubdhārṇavaḥ: t. misery: bādhakaṃ kaṣṭam.

TROUGH: droṇiḥ(ṇī).

TROUSERS: adharāvāraḥ, and sim. comp. s.

TROUT: matsyaviśeṣaḥ.

TROWEL:
     1 karṇī (?);
     2 karṇīśaḥ (?).

TRUANT: karmaparāṅmukha (f. khī): v. Idle, lazy.

TRUCE:
     I Peace: q. v.; sandhiḥ.
     II Ceassation: virāmaḥ, a t. to your frolics: viramatu tava khelā.

TRUCK:
     I A cart: śakaṭaḥ.
     II Barter: q. v.

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TRUCKLE: cāṭu karotiḥ v. To flatter.

TRUCULENT: krūra (f. ): v. Savage, cruel.

TRUDGE: mantharaṃ calati (cal, c. 1.) or vrajati (vraj, c. 1.).

TRUE:
     1 satya (f. tyā), whose blessings are t.: (i. e. not falsified) satyāśis (mfn.), Ki.; one not t. to his words: asatyasandha (f. ndhā), H.;
     2 tathya (f. thyā), one whose sayings are t.: tathyagir (mfn.), R.;
     3 yathārtha (f. rthā = actual real: q. v.);
     4 vāstavika (f. = 3): v. Also genuine, false. Ph.: it is t.: satyam; it is very t.: yuktam upapannam (proper).

TRUISM: satyam: v. Truth.

TRULY:
     1 satyam;
     2 tathyam;
     3 vastutaḥ (= in fact);
     4 yathārthataḥ (= really).

TRUMP:
     I Subs.: raṅgaḥ (?).
     II Verb: tarpayati (c. of tṛp).

TRUMP UP: v. To invent, fabricate.

TRUMPERY: expr. by adj. asāra (f. ): v. Trifling or kṛtrima (f. = counterfeit, false).

TRUMPET:
     I Subs.: tūrī.
     II Verb: v. To proclaim.

TRUMPET-FLOWER: pāṭalā (liḥ, also lam for the flower only, Sa. i. 3.).

TRUMPETER:
     I Lit.: tūrīvādaḥ -kaḥ.
     II Proclaimer: udghoṣayitṛ (f. trī).

TRUNCHEON:
     1 daṇḍaḥ;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ.

TRUNDLE: v. To roll.

TRUNK:
     I Of an elephant:
     1 śuṇḍaḥ -ṇḍā -daṇḍaḥ, a small t.: śuṇḍāraḥ, Vi. i. 53.;
     2 hastaḥ, R. v. 45.;
     3 karaḥ, by the t. s of elephants: nāgakaraiḥ, M. n.
     II Of the body:
     1 kabandhaḥ (= headless t.), saw their own t. s dancing on the ground: bhuvi nṛtyantau svakabandhāvapaśyatām, Ku. xvi. 49.;
     2 gātram (= body).
     III Of a tree:
     1 skandhaḥ;
     2 kāṇḍa (mn.), pra-;
     3 sthāṇuḥ (of a lopped tree). Ph.: grand t. road: sumahāmārgaḥ (?).

TRUSS:
     I Bandage: paṭṭaḥ.
     II Bandle; kūrccaḥ.

TRUST (subs.):
     I Confidence:
     1 viśvāsaḥ, never repose your t. on women and courts: viśvāso naiva kartavyaḥ strīṣu rājakuleṣu ca, H.;
     2 viśrambhaḥ, out of t.: viśrambhataḥ, Mu. v. 7.;
     3 pratyayaḥ, give him things on my t.: matpratyayenāsya dravyaṃ dehi, Mit.
     II Any thing t. ed:
     1 niḥkṣepaḥ;
     2 nyāsaḥ, Ph.: t.-property: viśvāsadhanam.

TRUST (v.):
     I To believe, confide: q. v.: viśvasiti (śvas, c. 1.).
     II To entrust: q. v.: nyasyati (as, c. 4.).

TRUSTEE: viśvāsadhanarakṣitṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp. s.

TRUSTWORTHY, TRUSTY:
     1 viśvāsārha (f. rhā);
     2 viśvāsayogya (f. gyā), and sim. comp. s.: v. Also confidential.

TRUTH:
     I What is true:
     1 satyam;
     2 tathyam;
     3 ṛtam;
     4 avitatham and sim. comp. s, t. although sweet: priyamapyamithyā.
     II Trueness:
     1 satyatā -tvam;
     2 tathyatā -tvam;
     3 yāthārthyam or yathārthatā;
     4 tattvam. Ph.: in t.: satyam: v. Truly.

TRUTHFUL:
     I True: satya (f. tyā).
     II Of men: satyavādin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

TRUTHFULLY: satyam: v. Truly.

TRUTHFULNESS:
     1 satyatā (of words etc.);
     2 satyavāditā (of men).

TRY:
     I To examine: parīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), I have tried you forming (this) illusion: māyāṃ mayodbhāvya parīkṣito'si, R. ii. 62.
     II Judicially:
     1 vicārayati (c. of car);
     2 paśyati (dṛś, c. 1. = to see), shall not t. (cases) on these days: tithiṣvāsu na paśyet, Mit.
     III To attempt, endeavour: q. v.: yatate, I will t. to save his life: prāṇarakṣaṇe tāvadasya yatnamācarāmi, K.

TRYING (adj.):
     1 kaṣṭakara (f. );
     2 by subs. kṛcchram: v. Difficulty.

TUB: droṇiḥ (rṇā), golden t.: kaṇakamayadroṇī, K.

TUBE:
     1 nālaḥ (lī laṃ);
     2 nālikā (?).

TUBER: kanda (mfn.).

TUBERCLE: sūkṣmavraṇa and sim. comp. s.

TUBEROUS:
     1 granthila (f. );
     2 granthimat (f. ); etc.

TUBULAR: nālākāra (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

TUCK;
     I Subs.: guñjaḥ (?).
     II guñjayati (nomi.).

TUESDAY:
     1 maṅgalavāraḥ;
     2 kujavāraḥ;
     3 aṅgārakavāraḥ, M. n.

TUFT:
     I Of hair:
     1 cūḍā;
     2 śikhā. T. ed:
     1 cūḍāla (f. );
     2 śikhin (f. ), etc.
     II Of mangoes: pallavaḥ.

TUG:
     I Verb: karṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To pull.
     II A boat: potaviśeṣaḥ.

TUITION: śikṣā: v. Instruction.

TUMBLE (v. and subs.): v. Stumble, fall.

TUMBLER:
     I A glass vessel: kācapātram.
     II A pigeon: loṭanaḥ.
     III A mountebank: q. v.

TUMID: sphīta (f. ): v. Inflated.

TUMOUR: sphoṭaḥ -kaḥ: v. Also swelling.

TUMULT:
     I Confusion: q. v.:
     1 tumulam;
     2 saṅkulam.
     II Uproar: kolāhalaḥ.

TUMULTUOUS:
     1 tumula (f. );
     2 saṅkula (f. );
     3 kṣubdha (f. bdhā = agitated);
     4 vihasta (f. stā = bewildered), R. v. 49.

TUMULTUOUSLY:
     1 tumulam;
     2 saṅkulam, etc.

TUN: kṛṇḍam.

TUNE (subs.):
     I An air: rāgaḥ. Ph.: out of t.: visvara (f. ); in t. (adv.): śliṣṭasvaram.
     II Harmony, peace: q. v.: aikyam.

TUNE: perh. sārayati (c. of sṛ): comp. Bengali, Mr. iv.

TUNEFUL: susvara (f. ): v. Melodious.

TUNER: perh. sāraka (f. rikā).

TUNIC: colaḥ lī.

TUNNEL:
     1 kulyā;
     2 suru(ra)ṅgā.

TURBAN:
     1 uṣṇīṣam;
     2 śiroveṣṭanam;
     3 śiraśchadaḥ.

TURBID:
     1 kaluṣa (f. ṣā): v. Dirty;
     2 paṅkila (f. ): v. Muddy.

TURBOT: *mahācandraḥ.

TURBULENCE: saṃkṣobhaḥ: v. Confusion, agitation, disorder.

TURBULENT:
     I Tumultuous, agitated: saṃkṣubdha (f. bdhā).
     II Not quiet: durdānta (f. ntā).

TURF:
     I Subs.: śādvalam (?).
     II Verb: śādvalena cinoti, (ci, c. 5.). (?).

TURGID: sphīta (f. ): v. Inflated, bombastic.

TURGIDITY:
     1 sphītatā -tvam;
     2 by adj.

TURMERIC:
     1 haridrā;
     2 kāñcanī (rare).

TURMOIL: saṃkṣomaḥ: v. Agitation, disquiet.

TURN (subs.):
     I Revolution: q. v.: āvartaḥ -nam or āvṛttiḥ.
     II Bend, curve: vaṅkaḥ.
     III Change, vicissitude: q. v.: parivṛttiḥ.
     IV Alternation: paryāyaḥ, by t. s, in t.: paryāyeṇa or paryāya- in comp., Ki. xvii. 18.
     V Successive course: vāraḥ, one day a hare's t. came: atha kadācicchaśakasya vāraḥ samāyātaḥ, H.
     VI Of mind: gatiḥ: v. Also inclination.
     VII Of expression: bhaṅgiḥ(ṅgī): v. Also form.
     VIII Of requital: good t.: upakāraḥ; ill t.: apakāraḥ.
     IX A short walk: parikramaḥ.
     X Course: q. v.: gatiḥ.
     XI Occasion, opportunity: avasaraḥ.

TURN (v. t.):
     I To revolve, roll: q. v.: ghūrṇayati (c. of ghūrṇ).
     II To change: q. v.: parivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     III To reverse: q. v.: viparyāsayati (c. of asa).
     IV To adopt, divert, utilize: q. v.: to t. into good account: saphalīkarotiḥ; to t. into ashes: bhasmīkaroti; to. t. into some use: upayojayati; to t. one's eyes: netraṃ pātayati; to t. one's attention: avadhānaṃ dadāti; to t. the back: pṛṣṭhaṃ darśayati: v. To shape, form: q. v.

TURN (v. i.):
     I To revolve, roll: q. v.: ghūrṇate (ghūrṇa, c. 1.).
     II To change: q. v.:
     1 parivartate (vṛt, c. 1.); by bhavati, to t. into red: raktībhavati.
     III To t. out: q. v.

TURN ABOUT: from side to side: pārśva parivartanaṃ or vivartanaṃ karoti; by t. ing about in the bed: śayyopāntavivartanaiḥ, Ta. vi. 4.

TURN AGAINST:
     I pratīpayati (nomi.).
     II Intrans.: pratikūlībhavati.

TURN AWAY:
     I To remove: q. v.: apanayati (, c. 1.).
     II Drive out, dispel: q. v.: dūrīkaroti.
     III Intrans.: parāṃmukhībhavati vimukhībhavati; etc., (although) she generally t. s away from me: kāmaṃ na tiṣṭhati madānanasammukhīyam. Sa. i. 32; when I look she t. s away: abhimukhe mayi saṃhṛtamīkṣitam, Sa. ii. 12.

TURN BACK:
     I Trans.: parāvartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II Intrans.: parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

TURN DOWN, TURN IN: v. To fold.

TURN OFF:
     I Divert: vivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To dismiss, discharge: q. v.: dūrīkaroti.

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TURN OUT (v. i.):
     I To happen: q. v.: sampatati (pat, c. 1.).
     II To become: q. v.

TURN OUT (v. t.):
     1 bahiṣkaroti (kṛ, c. 8.), ordered to t. him out: taṃ bahiṣkartumādideśa, M. c.;
     2 niḥsārayati (c. of sṛ): v. To drive out, expel.

TURN OVER:
     I To upset, overturn: q. v.
     II Of pages: utkṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), t. ing over the next leaf: anantaraṃ patramutkṣipya, C. iii.
     III To transfer: q. v.

TURN ROUND: pari- vartate parā- vi- (vṛt, c. 1.), t. ing round and seeing the king: parivṛtya rājanamavalokya, Ve.

TURN TO: i. e. to refer to: paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.).

TURN TOWARDS: abhimukhīmavati sammukhīmavati, (with gen.).

TURN UP:
     I To appear: āvirbhavati.
     II To occur: q. v.

TURNCOAT: svapakṣatyāgin and sim. comp. s.: v. Also renegade.

TURNER: perh.
     1 kaundika (f. );
     2 kundājīvaḥ.

TURNIP: no equiv.: śālagomaḥ (comp. Bengali).

TURPENTINE: prob. devadārusnehaḥ, Sr.; śrīvāsaḥ (Wilson).

TURPITUDE: duṣṭatāḥ v. Baseness, wickedness.

TURRET:
     1 talpaḥ;
     2 śirogṛham;
     3 prāsādaśṛṅgam.

TURTLE:
     1 kūrmaḥ;
     2 kacchapaḥ;
     3 kamaṭhaḥ.

TURTLE-DOVE: kapotaviśeṣaḥ.

TUSK:
     1 dantaḥ, t. ed: dantin or dantābalaḥ;
     2 daṃṣṭrā (of lions etc).

TUTELAGE: v. Minority, guardianship.

TUTELARY: t. deity.:
     1 iṣṭadevatā adhidevatā, U. or rarely: manīṣitā devatā, Ku. v. 4.

TUTENAG:
     1 tutyam -kam;
     2 tutyāñjanam.

TUTOR:
     I Subs.: guruḥ: v. Teacher.
     II Verb: śikṣāpayati (c. of śikṣ).

TUTORSHIP: expr. by tutor.

TWAIN: Ph.: in t.: dvidhā or dvedhā: v. Two.

TWANG:
     I Subs.:
     1 ṭaṅkāraḥ;
     2 ṭaṅkṛtam: v. Noise, clang.
     II Verb: ṭaṅkarotiḥ v. To sound.

TWEEZERS:
     1 sandaṃśaḥ (?);
     2 kaṅkamukham (?).

TWELFTH:
     I Adj.: dvādaśaḥ (śī śaṃ).
     II Subs.: dvādaśāṃśaḥ or dvādaśabhāgaḥ.

TWELVE: dvādaśan (mfn.), t. hundred: dvādaśaśatam; t. thousand: dvādaśasahasram; t. times: dvādaśakṛtvaḥ; lasting t. years: dvādaśavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ), U. ii.

TWELVEMONTH: for a t.: dvādaśabhāsān, Vas. ; v. Year.

TWENTIETH:
     1 viṃśaḥ (śī śaṃ);
     2 viṃśatitamaḥ (mī maṃ).

TWENTY: viṃśatiḥ, with t. arrows: viṃśatyā śaraiḥ; three hundred and t.: śatatrayaṃ viṃśatiśca, Li. or gen.: viṃśatyadhikatriśatam, Mah.

TWICE:
     1 dviḥ;
     2 dvivāram, T. born: dvijaḥ (jā jaṃ); t. ploughed: dviguṇākṛtaḥ (tā taṃ); t. as valiant as he: tasmādviguṇaparākrāntaḥ (ntā ntaṃ); t. a day: dvirahraḥ.

TWIG:
     1 viṭapaḥ (= branch), "komalaviṭapānukāriṇau bāhū" Sa. i. 21.;
     2 praśākhā (= b. of a b.);
     3 pallavaḥ (= sprout).

TWILIGHT:
     1 sandhyā (sp. of evening), Ki. ix. 9.; morning t.: pūrvasaṃdhyā, Si. xi. 40. or prātaḥsandhyā, M. n.;
     2 uṣas (n. = dawn);
     3 dinamukham and sim. comp. s (= 2);
     4 dināntaḥ and sim. comp. s. (= evening).

TWIN:
     1 yamaḥ (mā maṃ), these t. s: etau yamau, Ki. i. 36.;
     2 yamajaḥ (jā jaṃ), we are t. brothers: bhrātarāvāvāṃ yamajau, U.;
     3 yamalaḥ (lā laṃ), The t. s (constellation): mithunam.

TWINE (subs.): sūtram: v. Thread, rope.

TWINE (v.): v. To entwine, encircle.

TWINGE:
     I Subs.: śūlam: v. Pain.
     II Verb: expr. by subs.

TWINKLE (v.):
     I Of the eye: nimiṣati (miṣ, c. 6.): v. To close, open; without t. ing: nirnimeṣam.
     II To sparkle: sphurati (sphur, c. 6.).

TWINKLE, TWINKLING (subs.):
     I Of the eye: nimeṣaḥ, in the t. of an eye: nimeṣamātrāt or -mātreṇa.
     II Sparkling: sphuritam.

TWIRL: v. Turn, roll, revolve, revolution.

TWIST: moṭayati or moṭṭayati or moḍayati (muṭ muṭṭ muḍ, c. 10.: Also = kill by t. ing the neck), Mr. v.

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TWIST, TWISTING (subs.): moṭanam moḍanam or muṭṭanam.

TWIT: upālamate (labh, c. 1.): v. To reproach, revile.

TWITCH: ākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To pull.

TWITTER: prajalpati (jalp, c. 1.): v. To chatter.

TWO: dvi, t. -year old: dvivarṣa (f. rṣā): in t. ways or parts: dvidhā or dvedhā; of t. months: dvimāsya (f. syā); two-hundred and fifth: pañcādhikadviśatatamaḥ (mī maṃ), Mah.; t. or three days: dvitrāṇyahāni, R. v. 25.: v. Also both.

TWO-FOLD:
     1 dviguṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 dviguṇitaḥ (tā taṃ).

TYPE:
     I Model: ādarśaḥ.
     II Mark, stamp: q. v.: cihnam.
     III Printing letters: mudrākṣaram.
     IV Kind, species: q. v.: prakāraḥ.

TYPICAL, -LY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

TYPIFY: ādarśayatiḥ v. To represent.

TYPOGRAPHER:
     1 mudrayitṛ, (f. trī);
     2 mudrāṅkayitṛ (f. trī).

TYPOGRAPHICAL: expr. by comp.

TYPOGRAPHY:
     1 mudrāṅkanam;
     2 mudrāṅkitam.

TYRANNICAL: expr. by comp.: v. Tyrant, tyranny.

TYRANNICALLY:
     1 niṣṭhuram (= cruelly);
     2 mardayat (f. ntī = crushing: q. v.).

TYRANNICIDE:
     I The act.: prajāpīḍakahatyā and sim. comp. s.
     II The killer: prajāpīḍakaghātin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

TYRANNIZE OVER:
     1 niṣṭhuraṃ śāsti (śās, c. 2. = rule rigorously);
     2 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10. = oppress: q. v.).

TYRANNY:
     1 niṣṭhuraśāsanam (= cruel government);
     2 prajāpīḍanam janamardanam lokamardanam, and sim. comp. s (= oppression of people).

TYRANT:
     I A monarch: adhīśvaraḥ.
     II Oppressor: q. v.:
     1 prajāpīḍaka (f. ḍikā);
     2 lokopaplāvaka (f. vikā), and sim. comp. s.

TYRO: v. Novice.


UBIQUITOUS:
     1 sarvavyāpin (f. ) (= allpervading);
     2 sarvagataḥ (tā taṃ), Ku. v. 58.

UBIQUITY: sarvagatatvam: v. Omnipresence etc.

UDDER:
     1 ū(u)dhas (n.), with large u. s: pīnodhna (f. dhnī);
     2 āpīnam;
     3 stanaḥ (gen. human). "U. less lambs": stanyahīnā meṣaśāvāḥ.

UGLINESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 vairūpyam, with superfluous u.: vairūpyapaunaruktayena, R. xii. 40.;
     2 kurūpatā;
     3 kadākāratā;
     4 anabhirūpatā;
     5 vikṛtatā.
     II Badness: kutsitatā.

UGLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 kadākāra (f. );
     2 kurūpa (f. );
     3 virūpa (f. ): v. Deformed.
     II Bad: q. v.: kutsita (f. ); u. wound: kutsitaṃ vraṇam, (comp. Bengali).

ULCER:
     1 pūyavraṇam;
     2 vidradhiḥ (= abscess);
     3 nāḍīvraṇam (a deep u.).

ULCERATE, ULCERATION: expr. with ulcer, -ated.

ULCERATED, ULCEROUS:
     1 pūyavraṇin (f. ṇī);
     2 pūyavraṇopahata (f. ); etc.

ULTERIOR: uttara (f. = succeeding): v. Also remote.

ULTIMATE: carama (f. ): v. Last, final.

ULTIMATELY: antataḥ: v. Lastly.

ULTIMATUM: caramābhisandhiḥ, and sim. comp. s.

ULTRA:
     I = excessive: ati- in comp., u.- democrat: atiprajātantrin (f. ṇī).
     II Beyond: pāra- in comp., u. marine: samudrapārīṇa (f. ṇā); u. montane: parvatapārīṇa (f. ṇā); etc.

UMBEL, UMBELLA: *pratatasavakaḥ.

UMBILICAL:
     1 nābhi- in comp., u. cord: nābhinālam, R. v. 7.;
     2 nābhya (f. bhyā).

UMBRAGE:
     I Lit.: chāyā.
     II Resentment: q. v.: asantoṣaḥ. Ph.: to take u.: kupyati (kup, c. 4.); to give u.: virañjayati (rañj, c. 10.).

UMBRELLA:
     1 chatram (state) or chatrā (common), an u. of peacock's tail: mayūrapicchamayī chatrikā, K. ii.;
     2 ātapatram;
     3 gharmavāraṇam, Ku. xiv. 3.

UMPIRE:
     1 mavyastha (f. sthā);
     2 madhyama (f. ), R. xiii. 7.

UN:
     1 a- (an- before vowels) in comp.;
     2 nir- in comp.;
     3 vi- in comp. (rare): v. Also devoid of.

UNABASHED:
     1 nihrīkaḥ (kā kaṃ);
     2 nirllajja (f. jjā): v. Also shameless.

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UNABATED: akṣīṇa (f. ṇā): v. Undiminished.

UNABLE:
     1 aśakta (f. ktā);
     2 asamartha (f. rthā);
     3 akṣamaḥ (mā maṃ);
     4 anīśa (f. śā): v. Able, can.

UNACCENTED: anudātta (f. ttā).

UNACCEPTABLE:
     1 agrāhya (f. hyā);
     2 aparigrāhya (f. hyā);
     3 apratigrāhya, (f. hyā);
     4 agrahaṇīya (f. ); etc.

UNACCOMPANIED:
     1 asahāya (f. );
     2 advitīya (f. ): v. Alone.

UNACCOMPLISHED:
     1 aniṣpanna (f. nnā);
     2 asamāhita (f. ); etc.

UNACCOUNTABLE:
     I Inexplicable: q. v.
     II Irresponsible: q. v.

UNACCUSTOMED:
     1 aparicita (f. );
     2 anabhijña (f. jñā = unacquainted);
     3 ananubhūta (f. = unfelt), u. to ornaments: ananubhutabhuṣaṇa (f. ṇā), Sa. iv.

UNACKNOWLEDGED:
     1 apratipanna (f. nnā);
     2 anamyupeta (f. ), etc.: v. To acknowledge.

UNACQUAINTED:
     1 anabhijña (f. jñā): v. Acquainted.

UNACTIONABLE:
     1 avyavahārya (f. ryā);
     2 vyavahārāyogya (f. gyā), etc.

UNADORNED: analaṅkṛta (f. ): v. Adorn, ornament.

UNADULTERATED:
     1 asaṃmiśra (f. śrā);
     2 viśuddha (f. ddhā = pure).

UNADVISED: expr. by part. s asamīkṣya or avivicya.

UNAFFECTED:
     I Unmoved: nirdaya (f. ): v. Hard, unkind.
     II Unfeigned, sincere: q. v.: akṛtrima (f. ).
     III Not influenced:
     1 anabhibhūta (f. );
     2 aspṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

UNAFFECTEDLY:
     1 amāyayā;
     2 availakṣyeṇa: v. Sincerely.

UNAIDED:
     1 asahāya (f. );
     2 niḥsahāya (f. );
     3 sāhāyyahīna (f. ); etc.

UNALIENABLE:
     1 aviśleṣya (f. ṣyā);
     2 nirvighaṭanīya (f. );
     3 ahārya (f. ryā).

UNALLOYED:
     1 asaṃmiśra (f. śrā = unmixed);
     2 śuddha (f. ddhā), vi- (= pure: q. v.).

UNALTERABLE:
     1 avikārya (f. ryā = immov- able);
     2 ahārya (f. ryā = immovable): v. Constant, fixed.

UNAMBIGUOUS: asandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Undoubted, clear.

UNAMIABLE: apriya (f. ): v. Amiable, pleasant.

UNANIMITY:
     1 aikamatyam;
     2 ekacittatā;
     3 aikyam (= unity).

UNANIMOUS:
     1 ekamata (f. );
     2 ekacitta (f. ttā);
     3 by subs., about this the Śāstras are u.: śāstrāṇāmatraikamatyam. H. i.

UNANIMOUSLY:
     1 ekacittībhūya;
     2 aikamatyena;
     3 by circumlo., u. cried out: ekavākyaṃ vivavruḥ R. vi. 85.

UNANSWERABLE:
     I Irrefutable: niruttara (f. ).
     II Not responsible: adāyin (f. ), (?).

UNAPPALLED: apabhayaḥ (yā yaṃ): v. Undaunted, fearless.

UNAPPEASED: aprasanna (f. nnā): v. To appease, satisfy.

UNAPPROACHABLE:
     I Lit.: agamya (f. myā): v. Inaccessible.
     II Fig.: durupagamya (f. myā): v. Also unrivalled.

UNAPT:
     1 ayogya (f. gyā): v. Unsuitable; akuśala (f. ): v. Unskilful.

UNAPTLY:
     1 akuśalam;
     2 adakṣam; etc.

UNARMED: aśastra (f. strā);
     2 nirāyudha (f. dhā);
     3 viśastra (f. strā), and sim. comp. s.

UNASKED:
     1 apṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 ayācita (f. ): v. To ask.

UNASPIRATED: alpaprāṇa (f. ṇā).

UNASPIRING (adj.):
     1 nirākāṅkṣa (f. ṅkṣā);
     2 niḥspṛha (f. ); etc.

UNASSAILABLE:
     1 adhṛṣya (f. ṣyā), Ku. iii. 51.;
     2 duṣpradharṣa (f. rṣā), R. ii. 27. and sim. comp. s.

UNASSISTED: v. Unaided.

UNASSUMING: namra (f. mrā): v. Humble.

UNASSUMINGLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 namrībhūya;
     3 vinītavat.

UNASSURED:
     I Adj.: aniścita (f. ): v. Uncertain.
     II Adv.:
     1 aniścitya;
     2 avijñāya.

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UNATTAINABLE:
     1 duṣprāpya (f. pyā);
     2 alamya (f. bhyā);
     3 durāsada (f. ); etc.: v. To attain, get.

UNATTENDED:
     1 asahāya (f. );
     2 asahāyin (f. ): v. Also alone.

UNATTESTED:
     1 by circumlo.: v. To attest;
     2 apramāṇita (f. = unauthenticated).

UNAUTHENTICATED:
     1 apramāṇita (f. );
     2 aprāmāṇika (f. ); etc.

UNAUTHORIZED:
     1 aniyukta (f. ktā);
     2 niranumata (f. ); etc.

UNAVAILABLE: v. Unattainable.

UNAVAILING (adj.): niṣphala (f. ): v. Ineffectual.

UNAVOIDABLE:
     1 anatikramaṇīya (f. );
     2 aparihārya (f. ryā); etc.

UNAWARES:
     1 atarkitam;
     2 alakṣitam: v. Also suddenly.

UNBAKED:
     1 apakva (f. kvā);
     2 āma (f. ).

UNBAR:
     1 nirargalayati (nomi.): v. Bar, to remove.

UNBEARABLE: asahya (f. hyā): v. Intolerable, insufferable.

UNBECOMING:
     1 avinīta (f. = indecorous);
     2 anucita (f. = improper).

UNBELIEF: aviśvāsaḥ: v. Disbelief, infidelity.

UNBELIEVER, UNBELIEVING: v. Disbelieving, infidel.

UNBEND:
     I Lit.: saralīkaroti.
     II To relax: śithilayati (nomi.).

UNBENDING (adj.): durānamya (f. myā): v. Also hard, cruel.

UNBIASSED: anāvarjita (f. ): v. Impartial.

UNBIDDEN:
     1 acodita (f. );
     2 anājñapta (f. ptā); etc.

UNBIND: mocayati (muc, c. 10.): v. To loosen, free.

UNBLAMABLE, UNBLAMED: anindya (f. ndyā): v. Blameless.

UNBLEACHED: u. cloth: niṣpravāṇiḥ or niṣpravāṇam.

UNBLEMISHED: niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā);
     2 nirmala (f. );
     3 nirdoṣa (f. ṣā).

UNBLEST: viśliṣṭabhāgadheya (f. ): v. Unfortunate.

UNBLUSHING (adj.): nirlajja (f. jjā): v. Shameless.

UNBOLT: nirargalayati (nomi.): v. Bolt, remove.

UNBORN: ajāta (f. ): v. Born.

UNBOSOM: to u. one's self: hṛdayaṃ vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. Disclose, reveal.

UNBOUNDED:
     1 asīma (f. );
     2 niravadhi (mfn.);
     3 ananta (f. ntā = endless).

UNBRIDLED:
     1 aniyantrita (f. );
     2 uddāma (f. ): Unrestrained.

UNBROKEN:
     I Lit.:
     1 abhagna (f. gnā);
     2 abhinna (f. nnā);
     3 akhaṇḍita (f. ).
     II Not trained:
     1 aśikṣita (f. );
     2 avinīta (f. ).

UNBRUISED:
     1 akṣata (f. );
     2 aparikṣata (f. ).

UNBURDEN: bhāramapanayati (, c. 1.): v. To remove

UNBURNT:
     I Lit.: adagdha (f. gdhā), etc.
     II Unbaked: apakva (f. kvā).

UNBUTTON: *nirbudāmayati (nomi.), apabudāmīkaroti.

UNCALLED FOR (adj.):
     1 anāhūta (f. (?);
     2 nirarthaka (f. rthikā = needless).

UNCEASING: avirata (f. ): v. Incessant.

UNCEASINGLY: aśrāntamḥ v. Incessantly.

UNCENSURED: anindita (f. ): v. To censure, blame.

UNCEREMONIOUS:
     1 mandādara (f. );
     2 anādata (f. );
     3 by comp.

UNCERTAIN:
     1 aniścita (f. );
     2 sandigdha (f. gdhā = doubtful).

UNCERTAINTY:
     I The state:
     1 aniścayaḥ;
     2 saṃśayaḥ (= doubt).
     II Anything uncertain:
     1 adhruvam;
     2 aniścitam; etc.

UNCHAIN: apanigaḍayati (nomi.): v. Chain, remove.

UNCHANGEABLE:
     1 aparivartanīya (f. );
     2 aparivartya (f. rtyā): v. Immutable.

UNCHANGEABLY:
     1 sthiram (= firmly);
     2 niścitam (= certainly).

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UNCHARITABLE: anudāra (f. ): v. Harsh, censorious.

UNCHARITABLY: anudāram: v. Harshly, unmercifully.

UNCHASTE:
     1 asat (f. in morals);
     2 aśuci (mfn. = impure).

UNCHECKED:
     1 aniyantrita (f. );
     2 niravagraha (f. );
     3 nirargala (f. ); etc. N. B. Use n. for adv.

UNCIRCUMCISED: acchinnatvac (mfn.) (?) and sim. comp. s.

UNCIVIL:
     1 asabhya (f. bhyā);
     2 aśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     3 avinīta (f. ).

UNCIVILIZED:
     1 asabhya (f. bhyā);
     2 varvara (f. ).

UNCLE:
     I Paternal:
     1 pitṛvyaḥ;
     2 jyeṣṭhatātaḥ (father's elder brother);
     3 kaniṣṭhatātaḥ (f.'s younger b.), Vi.;
     4 khu(kṣu)llatātaḥ. (= 3).
     II Maternal: mātulaḥ.

UNCLEAN:
     1 aśuddha (f. ddhā);
     2 aśuci (mfn.): v. Clean, dirty.

UNCLEANNESS:
     1 aśucitvam -tā;
     2 aśuddhatā -tvam: v. Also dirtiness.

UNCLOSE: vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open.

UNCLOTHE: bivastrayati (nomi.), u. d: vivastra (f. strā): v. Naked.

UNCLOUDED:
     1 nirabhra (f. bhrā);
     2 vyabhra (f. bhrā);
     3 apamegha (f. ghā); etc.

UNCLOVEN: u.-hoofed: ekaśapha (f. phā) or ekakhura (f. ).

UNCOMELY:
     1 virūpa (f. ): v. Ugly;
     2 anabhimata (f. ): v. Unpleasant.

UNCOMFORTABLE: perh. asukha (f. khā): v. Comfortable, pleasant.

UNCOMFORTABLY: asukhena or asukham or apasukham etc.

UNCOMMON:
     1 asāmānya (f. nyā);
     2 asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī);
     3 apūrva (f. rvā).

UNCOMMONLY:
     1 by circumlo.;
     2 atyantam (= exceedingly: q. v.).

UNCOMPOUNDED:
     1 amiśra (f. śrā = unmixed);
     2 ayukta (f. ktā = not joined).

UNCONCERN: expr. with cintā (= care) or ādaraḥ (= attention) or avekṣā (= inspection).

UNCONCERNED:
     1 vītādara (f. );
     2 anādara (f. ): v. Indifferent.

UNCONDITIONAL:
     1 anibaddha (f. ddhā);
     2 aniyamita (f. ); etc.

UNCONFORMABLE: visaṃvādin (f. ): v. Conformable, agreeable.

UNCONGENIAL:
     1 pratikūla (f. = unfavourable).

UNCONNECTED:
     1 asaṃbaddha (f. ddhā);
     2 asambandha (f. ndhā); etc.

UNCONQUERABLE:
     1 ajeya (f. );
     2 ajayya (f. yyā);
     3 avijeya (f. ); etc.

UNCONQUERD:
     1 ajita (f. );
     2 avijita (f. ); etc.

UNCONSCIONABLE: v. Unreasonable, enormous.

UNCONSCIOUS:
     I Insensible:
     1 acetana (f. );
     2 visaṃjña (f. jñā);
     3 vigatacetana (f. ).
     II Not sensible, aware: expr. by verb: na cetayati (c. of cit) or jānāti (jñā, c. 9. = know: q. v.).

UNCONSCIOUSLY:
     1 ajānat (f. = not knowing);
     2 ajñānataḥ (= unknowingly).

UNCONSCIOUSNESS:
     I Insensibility: acaitanyam.
     II Not knowing: expr. by circumlo.

UNCONSECRATED:
     1 apratiṣṭhita (f. );
     2 apraṇīta (f. ); etc.

UNCONTAMINATED:
     1 advaṣita (f. );
     2 aspṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = untouched).

UNCONTESTED: nirvivāda (f. ): v. Undisputed.

UNCONTROLLABLE:
     1 atigrahaṇīya (f. );
     2 asaṃyamya (f. myā);
     3 aniyantraṇīya (f. ).

UNCONTROLLED:
     1 aniyantrita (f. );
     2 asaṃyata (f. ); etc.

UNCOUPLE:
     1 vighaṭayati (ghaṭ, c. 10.);
     2 viyojayati (yuj, c. 10. = disjoin).

UNCOURTEOUS:
     1 adakṣiṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 avinīta (f. );
     3 asabhya (f. myā).

UNCOUTH: virūpa (f. ): v. Odd, strange.

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UNCOVER: apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. Divest, strip.

UNCOVERED:
     1 anāvṛta (f. ); (?) anācchādita (f. ); etc.

UNCREATED: asṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. To create.

UNCTION:
     I Lit.:
     1 añjanam abhi-;
     2 ālepaḥ -nam;
     3 vilepaḥ -nam.
     II Fig. as in address: snigdhatā or snaigdhyam.

UNCTUOUS:
     1 snigdha (f. gdhā);
     2 ciṅkaṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 masṛṇa (f. ṇā).

UNCULTIVATED:
     I Lit.:
     1 khila (f. = waste);
     2 apratihata (f. ).
     II Fig.:
     1 asaṃskṛta (f. );
     2 avinīta (f. ).

UNCURBED: niravagraha (f. ): v. Unchecked.

UNDAUNTED: nirbhīka (f. ): v. Fearless.

UNDAUNTEDLY: expr. by adj.: v. Fearlessly.

UNDECAYED:
     1 akṣīṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 aśīrṇa (f. rṇā); etc.

UNDECAYING:
     1 akṣaya (f. );
     2 akṣayya (f. yyā): v. Imperishable.

UNDECEIVE: bhramaṃ nirasyatiḥ v. Mistake, to remove.

UNDECIDED: aniścita (f. ): v. To decide, doubt.

UNDECKED:
     1 amaṇḍita (f. );
     2 abhūṣita (f. ); etc.

UNDEFENDED: of cases: avipratipanna (f. nnā).

UNDEFILED:
     1 adūṣita (f. );
     2 akṣata (f. ): v. Also pure.

UNDEFINABLE: anirvacanīya (f. ): v. To define.

UNDENIABLE: pratyākhyeya (f. ): v. To deny.

UNDENIABLY:
     1 nirvivādam (= indisputedly);
     2 niḥsandeham (= undoubtedly).

UNDER (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 adhara (f. );
     2 adhas- in comp.; u. current: adhaḥpravāhaḥ; u. - garment: adhoṃśukam.
     II Subordinate: q. v.: u. teacher: anuśikṣakaḥ.

UNDER (prep.):
     I Below, beneath: q. v.: tale (with gen.). Ph.: u. one's hand: hastatalagata (f. ), Mu. iii.
     II Fig.: u. this pretext: anena vyapadeśena: v. With; groaning u. pain: pīḍārta (f. rtā), V. p. v. l. 26.; u. misfortunes: vipadiḥ v. in: u. act nine: navamavidhyanusāreṇa.
     III = less than: ūna- in comp., and boys u. sixteen: bālo vāyyūnaṣoḍaśaḥ, Ap.; for those who are u. eleven years of age: nyūnaikādaśavarṣasya, Ap.

UNDERAGE (adj.): aprāptavayaska (f. skā) and sim. comp. s.: v. Minor.

UNDERDONE: asamyakasiddha (f. ddhā): v. To do.

UNDERGO:
     1 anumavati: v. To suffer;
     2 adhigacchatiḥ v. To get, become.

UNDERGROUND (adj.): antarmauma (f. ). Ph.: u. building: bhūmigṛham, D. iv.; u. passage: suraṅgam -ṅgā, D. ii.

UNDERHAND:
     1 parokṣe (= in the back);
     2 gūḍham (= secretly).

UNDERLIE: līyate (, c. 4.), meaning u. ing and not clear: arthā līnā anirmalāḥ, Sr.

UNDERLINE: adho rekhayati (nomi.) or rekhayā aṅkayati (aṅk, c. 10.).

UNDERLING: anujīvin (f. ): v. Dependant.

UNDERMINE:
     I Lit.: suraṅgāṃ karoti.
     II Fig.: gūḍhaṃ nāśayati (c. of naś): v. To destroy, infuse, secretly.

UNDERMOST: adhastama (f. );
     2 nīcaistama (f. ); etc.

UNDERNEATH: adhas: v. Below, beneath.

UNDERRATE:
     I lit.: v. To undervalue.
     II Fig.: laghu manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To consider, estimate.

UNDERSONG: v. Chorus.

UNDERSTAND:
     I In gen.:
     1 budhyate (budh, c. 4.), did (he) u. it to be a golden lotus: abuddha taṃ kāñcanamambujanma kim, N. i. 122.; then made him u. (i. e. informed): athainaṃ pratyabodhayat, R. i. 74.; u. (i. e. learn) this from me: matsakāśānnibodhata, M. i. 119.;
     2 avagacchati (gam, c. 1.), foolish men u. the loss of friend as thorns put in the heart: avagacchati mūḍhacetanaḥ priyanāśaṃ hṛdi śalyamarpitam, R. viii. 38.;
     3 avaiti (i, c. 2.): v. To know;
     4 gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To comprehend;
     5 upalabhate (labh, c. 1.): v. To perceive.
     II To imply; here the nominative is understood: atra kartohyaḥ; open or understood: prakāśaḥ sūcito vā.

UNDERSTANDING (subs.):
     I Intellect: q. v.: buddhiḥ.
     II Feeling, harmony: good u.: sadbhāvaḥ; to come to an u.: aikyamupagacchati.

UNDERTAKE:
     I To begin: q. v.: ārabhate (rabh, c. 1.).
     II To attempt: q. v.: vyavasayati (, c. 4.).
     III Accept: q. v.: aṅgīkaroti.

UNDERTAKER:
     I Lit.:
     1 anuṣṭhātṛ (f. trī = performer);
     2 ārabdhṛ- (f. bdhrī = beginner).
     II Of funerals: pretakarmanirhāraka (f. rikā) (?).

UNDERTAKING:
     1 karman (n.): v. Work;
     2 vyavasāyaḥ: v. Attempt.

UNDERVALUE:
     I Lit.: nyūnamūlyaṃ kalpayati (c. of kḷp).
     II Fig.; ladhu manyate (man, c. 4.): v. Also despise.

UNDESERVED, -LY: expr. by circumlo.: v. To deserve.

UNDESERVING (adj.): anarha (f. rhā): v. Unworthy.

UNDESIGNEDLY:
     1 asaṃkalyya;
     2 ajñānataḥ (= unknowingly);
     3 akāmataḥ (= unintentionally).

UNDESIGNING: niṣkapaṭa (f. ṭā): v. Artless, sincere.

UNDESIRABLE:
     1 anākāṃkṣya (f. kṣyā);
     2 na vāñchanīya (f. ); etc.

UNDEVIATING (adj.):
     1 avyabhicārin (f. ṇī);
     2 avicalita (f. ): v. Steady.

UNDIGESTED:
     I Lit.: ajīrṇa (f. rṇā).
     II Fig.: perh.: avinyasta (f. stā).

UNDIMINISHED:
     1 akṣīṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 anapacita (f. );
     3 ajātahrāsa (f. ); etc.

UNDISCIPLINED:
     1 aśāsita (f. );
     2 avinīta (f. = untrained).

UNDISGUISED:
     1 niśchadman (mfn.);
     2 nirvyāja (f. );
     3 amāya (f. ), etc.

UNDISPUTED:
     1 nirvivāda (f. );
     2 avipratipanna (f. nnā); avivadita (f. ); etc.

UNDISTURBED:
     1 akṣubdha (f. bdhā);
     2 nirākula (f. );
     3 nirudvega (f. ); etc.

UNDIVIDED:
     1 akhaṇḍita (f. );
     2 avibhakta (f. ktā); etc.

UNDO:
     I To unite: unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.).
     II Ruin, destroy: q. v.: hanti upa- (han, c. 2.).
     III To reverse, annul: q. v.: parāvartayati (c. of vṛt).

UNDONE:
     I Lit.: akṛta (f. ).
     II Ruined, done for:
     1 hata (f. ), alas! I am u.: hā hato'smi, K.
     III Reversed: q. v.:
     1 parivartita (f. );
     2 khaṇḍita (f. ).

UNDOUBTED:
     1 asandigdha (gdhā gdhaṃ);
     2 niḥsandehaḥ (hā haṃ);
     3 niḥsaṃśayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     4 asaṃśayaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     5 avimṛṣya (ṣyāḥ ṣyaṃ): v. Certain.

UNDOUBTEDLY: asaṃśayam;
     2 niḥsaṃśayam;
     3 niḥsandeham;
     4 asandigdham.

UNDRAW: apasārayati (c. of sṛ).

UNDRESS (v.): vastraṃ or vāsaḥ apanayati (, c. 1.) or avatārayati (c. of tṝ) or unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.).

UNDRESS (subs.): perh. laghuvāsas (n.) and sim. comp. s.

UNDRESSED: of food:
     1 asaṃskṛta (f. );
     2 anupaskṛta (f. ).

UNDUE: anucita (f. ): v. Improper, unworthy.

UNDULATE:
     1 taraṅgāyate (nomi. = wavy);
     2 expr. by adj.

UNDULATING, UNDULATORY:
     1 bhaṅgura (f. = curling);
     2 unnatāvanata (f. = high and low); ūrmimat (f. = wavy).

UNDULATION:
     1 bhaṅguratā;
     2 uccanīcatā;
     3 ūrmimattā or ttvam.

UNDULY:
     1 anucitam: v. Improperly;
     2 atiriktam: v. Exceedingly.

UNDUTIFUL: amakta (f. ktā): v. Dutiful, disobedient.

UNDYING: amaraḥ (rā raṃ): v. Deathless, unfading.

UNEARTH: utkhanati (khan, c. 1.): v. To dig up.

UNEARTHLY:
     1 apārthiva (f. ), R. vii. 34.: v. Earthly.

UNEASINESS:
     1 asukham;
     2 anirvṛtiḥ;
     3 kaṣṭam: v. Distress.

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UNEASY:
     1 anirvṛta (f. );
     2 asukhin (f. );
     3 utkaṇṭhita (f. = anxious).

UNEDUCATED: aśikṣita (f. ): v. Ignorant.

UNEMBARRASSED:
     1 anākulita (f. );
     2 abādhita (f. ); etc.

UNEMPLOYED: avyāpṛta (f. );
     2 nirvyāpāra (f. );
     3 niṣkarman (mfn.).

UNENCUMBERED: perh. abandha (f. ndhā) or agrasta (f. stā).

UNENTERPRISING:
     1 nirudyama (f. );
     2 nirudyoga (f. ); etc.

UNENVIABLE:
     1 nispṛhaṇīya (f. );
     2 anākāṃkṣya (f. kṣyā); etc.

UNEQUAL:
     1 asama (f. );
     2 asamāna (f. );
     3 viṣama (f. ).

UNEQUALLED: apratima (f. ): v. Incomparable.

UNEQUALLY:
     1 asamam;
     2 viṣamam;
     3 vaiṣamyeṇa;
     4 asamānam.

UNEQUIVOCAL: asandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Clear.

UNERRING:
     I Lit.: abhrānta (f. ntā).
     II Fig.:
     1 amogha (f. ghā);
     2 avyartha (f. rthā).

UNEVEN: v. Unequal, undulating.

UNEVENLY, UNEVENNESS: v. Unequally, inequality.

UNEXAMPLED:
     1 anidarśana (f. ) (?);
     2 apūrva (f. rvā = unprecedented).

UNEXCEPTIONABLE:
     1 anavadya (f. dyā);
     2 niravadya (f. dyā); avācya (f. cyā); etc.

UNEXPECTED:
     1 acintita (f. );
     2 atarkita (f. );
     3 asambhāvita (f. ); etc.

UNEXPECTEDLY:
     1 atarkitam;
     2 acintitam;
     3 asambhāvitam, etc.

UNFADING (adj.):
     1 amlāna (f. );
     2 aparimlāna (f. ); etc.

UNFAILING:
     1 avyartha (f. rthā = not vain, effectual);
     2 akṣaya (f. = inexhaustible).

UNFAIR: anṛju (mfn.): v. Dishonest, improper, deceitful.

UNFAIRLY:
     1 anārjavena;
     2 anyāyena;
     3 adharmataḥ.

UNFAIRNESS: anārjavam: v. Dishonesty, insincerity.

UNFAITHFUL, -LY, -NESS: v. Faithless, -ly, -ness.

UNFASHIONABLE:
     1 asammata (f. );
     2 apracalita (f. = not current).

UNFASTEN: unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.): v. Tie, to remove.

UNFATHOMABLE, UNFATHOMED:
     1 agādha (f. dhā);
     2 atalasparśa (f. rśā): v. Deep, profound.

UNFAVOURABLE:
     1 pratikūla (f. );
     2 prati (= against) in comp.: v. Favourable.

UNFAVOURABLY: expr. by circumlo.

UNFEELING: ahṛdaya (f. ): v. Unkind, merciless.

UNFEIGNED: akṛtrima (f. );
     2 nirvyāja (f. );
     3 akṛtaka (f. ).

UNFEIGNEDLY:
     1 akṛtrimam;
     2 nirvyājam;
     3 by comp.

UNFETTER: vinigaḍayati (nomi.): v. Fetter, to remove.

UNFINISHED:
     1 asamāpta (f. ptā);
     2 anavasita (f. ); etc.

UNFIT (adj.):
     1 ayogya (f. gyā);
     2 anarha (f. rhā);
     3 anupayukta (f. ktā); etc.

UNFIT (v.): expr. by adj.

UNFITNESS:
     1 ayogyatā;
     2 anarhatā;
     3 anupayuktatā.

UNFIX:
     I Lit.: v. To release.
     II To dissolve: q. v.

UNFOLD:
     1 vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open;
     2 vistārayati (c. of stṛ): v. To expand.

UNFORESEEN: acintita (f. = unexpected: q. v.): v. Also foresee.

UNFORGIVING:
     1 amarṣaṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 akṣamin (f. ṇī);
     3 akṣānti (mfn.).

UNFORMED:
     I Not formed:
     1 akṛta (f. );
     2 avihita (f. );
     3 anirmita (f. ).
     II Dissolved: naṣṭarūpa (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

UNFORTUNATE:
     1 durbhāgya (f. gyā);
     2 hatabhāgya (f. gyā);
     3 mandabhāgya (f. gyā);
     4 abhāga (f. );
     5 viśliṣṭabhāgadheya (f. ); etc.

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UNFORTUNATELY:
     1 durbhāgyatayā;
     2 duradṛṣṭāt;
     3 durdaivavaśāt, etc.

UNFOUNDED:
     1 abhūlaka (f. );
     2 nirmala (f. ): v. False.

UNFREQUENTED: viralasañcāra (f. ): v. To frequent.

UNFRIENDLY:
     1 vipriya (f. );
     2 apriya (f. ): v. Friendly, inimical.

UNFRUITFUL:
     1 aphala (f. );
     2 niṣphala (f. );
     3 phalahīna (f. ); etc.

UNFRUITFULLY:
     1 niṣphalam;
     2 vṛthā (in vain: q. v.).

UNFULFILLED:
     1 aniṣpanna (f. nnā);
     2 aniṣpādita (f. );
     3 asamāhita (f. );
     4 asādhita (f. ): v. To fulfil.

UNFURL:
     1 vivṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open;
     2 vistārayati: v. To expand.

UNFURNISHED:
     1 aparivarha (f. rhā);
     2 asajjita (f. ); etc.

UNGAINLY: virūpa (f. ): v. Awkward, ugly.

UNGENEROUS: anudāra (f. ): v. Generous.

UNGENTLEMANLY, UNGENTEEL:
     1 abhadra (f. drā);
     2 asabhya (f. bhyā).

UNGODLY:
     I Lit.: nirīśvara (f. ).
     II Wicked, sinful: q. v. Ph.: u. hours: asamayaḥ.

UNCOVERNABLE:
     1 aśāsanīya (f. );
     2 aniyamya (f. myā = uncontrollable); etc.

UNGRACEFUL: kadarya (f. ryā): v. Awkward, inelegant.

UNGRACIOUS:
     I Unmerciful: aprasanna (f. nnā).
     II Unpleasant: aśobhana (f. ).

UNGRAMMATICAL:
     1 cyutasaṃskāra (f. ), Sah.;
     2 cyutasaṃskṛti (mfn.), Kav.;
     3 vyākaraṇalakṣaṇahīna (f. );
     4 vyākaraṇaviruddha (f. ddhā); etc.

UNGRATEFUL:
     1 akṛtajña (f. jñā);
     2 akṛtavedin (f. ) etc.

UNGRUDGINGLY:
     1 nirāpatti;
     2 nirāpattipūrvam;
     3 aprativādam; etc.

UNGUARDED:
     1 arakṣita (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

UNGUENT:
     1 abhyañjanam;
     2 lepaḥ vilepanam;
     3 anulepaḥ;
     4 samālambhaḥ -nam;
     5 upadehaḥ.

UNHALLOWED:
     1 apavitra (f. trā): v. Profane, unholy.

UNHAPPILY:
     I Unfortunately: q. v.: durdaivāt.
     II Miserably: q. v.

UNHAPPY:
     I Miserable: q. v.:
     1 asukhin (f. );
     2 anirvṛta (f. );
     3 duḥkhin (f. ).
     II Unfortunate: q. v.

UNHARNESS: mocayati (muc, c. 10.), u. ed the horses: mocayamāsa turaṅgān, Mah. v. ii. 100-2.

UNHATCHED:
     I Lit.: abhṛta (f. ) (?).
     II Fig.: asaṃkalpita (f. ).

UNHEALTHINESS:
     1 asusthatā (of men, etc.);
     2 asvāsthyakaratvam (of places); etc.

UNHEALTHY:
     I Of men. etc.:
     1 asustha (f. sthā);
     2 rogavat (f. );
     3 āmayin (f. ); etc.
     II Of places, etc.:
     1 asvāsthyakara (f. );
     2 rogākula (f. );
     3 āmayāvila (f. ); and sim. comp. s.

UNHEARD:
     I Adj.: aśruta (f. ), u. of before: aśrutapūrva (f. rvā).
     II Adv.: expr. by adattakarṇa (f. rṇā) and sim. comp. s.

UNHEEDED:
     1 avadhīrita (f. ): v. To neglect.

UNHEEDFUL, UNHEEDING: anavadhāna (f. ): v. Unmindful.

UNHESITATINGLY: avikalpam, P.: v. Boldly, fearlessly.

UNHINGE: visandhīkaroti (?), u. d: apasandhi (mfn.: (?).

UNHOLY:
     1 apuṇya (f. ṇyā);
     2 apavitra (f. trā);
     3 apūta (f. ); etc.

UNHOPED FOR:
     1 anākāṃkṣita (= unexpected);
     2 āśātīta (beyond hope).

UNHURT (adj.):
     1 akṣata (f. );
     2 aparikṣata (f. );
     3 avikṣata (f. ); etc.

UNICORN: ekaḥśṛṅgaḥ or ekaśṛṅgin (m.: (?).

UNIFORM:
     I Adj.:
     1 ekākāra (f. ), sarūpa (f. ) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 ekavidha (f. dhā) and sim. comp. s. (= of the same kind);
     3 samāna (f. = even);
     4 viśeṣaka (f. ṣikā = distinguishing).
     II Subs.: viśeṣaveśaḥ.

UNIFORMITY:
     1 sārūyyam;
     2 aikavidhyam;
     3 sāmyam;
     4 vaiśeṣyam;
     5 niyamaḥ: for dif.: v. Uniform.

UNIFORMLY: niyatam: v. Constantly, always.

UNILITERAL:
     1 ekākṣara (f. );
     2 ekavarṇa (f. rṇā).

UNIMPAIRED:
     1 akṣata (f. );
     2 avikala (f. );
     3 anūna (f. ); etc.

UNIMPEACHABLE:
     1 niravadya (f. dyā);
     2 anindya (f. ndyā = irreproachable).

UNIMPORTANT:
     1 laghu (f. also ghvī);
     2 aguru (f. also rvī); etc.

UNINHABITABLE:
     1 na vāsayogya (f. gyā);
     2 avāstavya (f. vyā); etc.

UNINHABITED:
     1 nirmānuṣa (f. ṣā);
     2 nirjana (f. );
     3 nirmanuṣya (f. ṣyā);
     4 amānuṣa (f. ṣā); and sim. comp. s.

UNINJURED:
     1 akṣata (f. ): v. Unhurt;
     2 avikala (f. );
     3 avraṇa (f. ṇā).

UNINTELLIGIBLE:
     1 durbodha (f. dhā), and sim. comp. s.;
     2 aspaṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = not clear).

UNINTENTIONAL: expr. by adv.: v. Also undesigned.

UNINTENTIONALLY:
     1 akāmataḥ;
     2 akāmāt;
     3 akāmena.

UNINTERESTING: na hṛdayagrāhin (f. ṇī) or hṛdayaṅgama (f. ).

UNINTERRUPTEDLY: avicchinnam: v. Incessantly.

UNINTERRUPTED:
     1 avicchinna (f. nnā);
     2 aparicchinna (f. nnā): v. Also incessant.

UNION:
     1 yogaḥ saṃ- samā-, when even one's body and soul are heard to have u. and separation: svaśarīraśarīriṇāvapi śrutasaṃyogaviparyayau yadā, R. viii. 89.; saṃhatiḥ (the state of being united), u. is good for men: saṃhatiḥ śreyasau puṃsām, H. i. 35.;
     3 saṅgamaḥ or samāgamaḥ (= meeting).

UNIQUE:
     1 advitīya (f. );
     2 apūrva (f. rvā = unprecedented).

UNISON: ekatānaḥ(laḥ): v. Also concord.

UNIT: mūlam, u. of measure: mānamūlam.

UNITARIAN:
     1 advaitavādin (f. (?);
     2 advayavādin (f. (?).

UNITARIANISM:
     1 advaitavādaḥ (?);
     2 advayavāditā -tvam (?).

UNITE:
     I Trans.:
     1 yojayati saṃ- samā- (yuj, c. 10.): v. To join;
     2 saṃhanti (han, c. 2: as in a work), they u dly: ete saṃhatāḥ, H. i. 36.;
     3 saṃghaṭayati (c. of ghaṭ = to couple), to u. Bhaimī with him: anena bhaimīṃ ghaṭayiṣyan, N. i. 46.
     II Intrans.:
     1 saṃyujyate. (pass. of yuj);
     2 better by part. s.

UNITED (adj.): of persons:
     1 saṃhata (f. );
     2 milita (f. ).

UNITEDLY:
     1 by adj.;
     2 sambhūya: v. Also together.

UNITY:
     I Oneness: ekatā -tvam, The doctrine of u.: advaitamatam -vādaḥ.
     II Agreement:
     1 aikyam;
     2 aikamatyam (unanimity).
     III In math.: ekaḥ.

UNIVERSAL:
     1 sārvalaukika (f. );
     2 sārvatrika (f. );
     3 sārva (f. rvā: rare), Si.

UNIVERSALITY:
     1 sārvalaukikatvam;
     2 sārvatrikatā -tvam;
     3 sarvasādhāraṇatā.

UNIVERSALLY:
     1 sarvatra;
     2 sarvataḥ;
     3 viśvataḥ;
     4 viṣvak.

UNIVERSE: viśvam, glory to Thee, the Creator of the u.: namo viśvasṛje tubhyam, R.: v. World.

UNIVERSITY: viśvavidyāsamājaḥ (viśvavidyālayaḥ is now used).

UNIVOCAL:
     I Of words: ekārtha (f. rthā).
     II of sound.: ekatānika (f. ).

UNJUST:
     I Of men:
     1 anyāyapara (f. );
     2 adhārmika (f. ); etc.
     II Of acts:
     1 anyāyya (f. yyā);
     2 na nyāyasaṅgata (f. ); etc.

UNJUSTLY:
     1 anyāyataḥ;
     2 anyāyena;
     3 adharmataḥ.

UNKIND:
     1 nirdaya (f. );
     2 dayāhīna (f. ); etc.: v. Merciless.

UNKINDLY (adv.):
     1 nirdayam;
     2 niṣkaruṇam;
     3 niṣkṛpam.

UNKINDLY (adj.):
     1 apriya (f. );
     2 asnigdha (f. gdhā); etc.

UNKINDNESS:
     I The state:
     1 nigrahaḥ, (= disfavour);
     2 niḥsnehatā (= want of affection);
     3 nirdayatā (= mercilessness).
     II Unkind act: nirdayavyavahāraḥ and sim. expr. s.

[Page 735]

UNKNOWINGLY:
     1 ajñānataḥ;
     2 ajānat (f. );
     3 abodhapūrvam; etc.

UNLACE: mocayati or mokṣayati (muc, or mokṣ, c. 10.).

UNLAWFUL:
     1 avaidha (f. dhī: (?);
     2 vidhiviruddha (f. ddhā: (?); etc.

UNLAWFULLY:
     1 vidhimullaṅghya (?);
     2 vidhiviruddham (?); etc.

UNLAWFULNESS:
     1 avaidhatā (?);
     2 vidhiviruddhatā (?); etc.

UNLEARN:
     1 manaso niṣkāśayati (c. of kāś);
     2 smṛterapāsyati (as, c. 4.): v. To drive out, forget.

UNLEARNED:
     1 aśikṣita (f. );
     2 avidvas (f. duṣī);
     3 ajña (f. jñā): v. Ignorant.

UNLESS:
     1 na(no)cet, please reply u. it is secret.: na cedrahasyaṃ prativaktumarhasi, Ku. v. 40.;
     2 yadi na (sometimes yadi is understood), u. those who are dependents like me: na syādanyo'pyahamiva jano yaḥ parādhīnavṛttiḥ, Me. i. 8.: v. Also except.

UNLETTERED: aśikṣita (f. ): v. Unlearned.

UNLIKE:
     1 asadṛśa or visadṛśa (f. śī = dissimilar): v. Like, different;
     2 with na and vat in comp. (in contrasting), u. his father: na pitṛvat.

UNLIKELY: asambhava (f. ): v. Improbable, not likely.

UNLIMITED:
     1 asīma (f. );
     2 niravadhi (mfn.);
     3 ananta (f. ntā = endless).

UNLOAD bhāramavatārayati (c. of tṝ) or avaropayati (c. of ruh); etc. (with gen.).

UNLOADED:
     1 apabhāra (f. );
     2 aparopita- avatārita- bhāra (f. ), etc.

UNLOCK:
     1 udghāṭayati (c. of ghaṭ);
     2 unmudrayati (nomi.); etc.

UNLOOKED FOR: anākāṃkṣita (f. ): v. Unexpected.

UNLOOSE:
     1 śithilīkaroti;
     2 śithilayati (nomi.): v. To loose.

UNLUCKILY: durbhāgyavaśāt: v. Unfortunately.

UNLUCKY: durbhāgya (f. gyā): v. Unfortunate.

UNMAN: pauruṣaṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1.), nāśayati (c. of naś); etc. (with gen.).

UNMANAGEABLE:
     1 durvineya (f. );
     2 avigheya (f. ); etc.

UNMANLY:
     1 kāpuruṣa in comp.;
     2 straiṇa (f. ṇī = effeminate).

UNMANNERLY:
     1 asabhya (f. bhyā);
     2 aśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     3 asaumya (f. myā); etc.

UNMARRIED:
     1 anūḍha (f. ḍhā);
     2 avivāhita (f. );
     3 akṛtodvāha (f. );
     4 apariṇīta (f. ); etc.

UNMASK: chadma harati (hṛ, c. 1.) or bhraṃśayati (c. of bhraṃś); etc. (with gen.), u. ed: apacchadman (mfn.); bhraṣṭacchadman (mfn.); etc.

UNMATCHED:
     1 apratima (f. );
     2 advitīya (f. ): v. Incomparable.

UNMEANING:
     1 nirarthaka (f. );
     2 anarthaka (f. );
     3 śūnyārthaka (f. ); etc.

UNMEET: ayukta (f. ktā): v. Unfit.

UNMERCHANTABLE: avikreyaḥ (yā yaṃ) and sim. comp. s.

UNMERCIFUL:
     1 niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā);
     2 nirdaya (f. );
     3 niṣkṛpa (f. );
     4 gataghṛṇa (f. ṇā);
     5 niṣṭhura (f. = hard); etc.

UNMERCIFULLY:
     1 niṣṭhuram;
     2 niṣkṛpam;
     3 nirdayam, etc.

UNMERITED: expr. by circumlo.: v. To deserve.

UNMINDFUL: anavahita (f. ): v. Careless.

UNMISTAKABLE: asandigdha (f. gdhā: undoubted: q. v.).

UNMIXED:
     1 amiśra (f. śrā);
     2 asaṃmiśra (f. śrā): v. Also pure.

UNMOLESTED (adv.):
     1 nirābādham;
     2 nirupadravam;
     3 nirupaplavam, etc.

UNMOOR: muñcati mocayati uta- (muc, c. 6. and 10.).

UNMOVED: avicalita (f. ): v. Also firm.

UNMUSICAL:
     1 visvara (f. );
     2 apasvara (f. ); etc.

UNNATURAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 asvābhāvika (f. );
     2 svabhāvaviruddha (f. ddhā), etc.
     II Affected: q. v.: kṛtrima (f. ).

UNNECESSARILY:
     1 nirarthakam;
     2 niṣkāraṇam;
     3 niṣprayojanam;
     4 vṛthā (= in vain).

[Page 736]

UNNECESSARY:
     1 anāvaśyaka (f. );
     2 anāvaśyakīya (f. );
     3 niṣprayojana (f. = needless).

UNNERVE: balaṃ or satvaṃ harati apa- (hṛ, c. 1.): v. To weaken.

UNNOTICED:
     1 alakṣita (f. );
     2 anālakṣita (f. ); etc.

UNNUMBERED: asaṃkhyāta (f. ): v. Innumerable.

UNOBJECTIONABLE: expr. by circumlo.: v. To object, -ion.

UNOBSERVED:
     I Adj.: alakṣita (f. ); etc.
     II Adv.: alakṣitam.

UNOBSTRUCTED:
     1 abādhita (f. );
     2 apratibandha (f. ndhā): v. To obstruct.

UNOCCUPIED:
     I Having no employment: nirvyāpāra (f. ), M. n.; and sim. comp. s.
     II Of land: perh. anāvṛta (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

UNOFFENDING: niraparādha (f. dhā): v. Innocent.

UNPACK:
     1 udghāṭayati (c. of ghaṭ);
     2 unmuñcati (muc, c. 6.).

UNPAID:
     I Not discharged: aśodhita (f. ) etc.
     II Not paid: adattavetana (f. ) etc.

UNPALATABLE:
     1 anāsvādya (f. dyā);
     2 arucya (f. cyā); etc.

UNPARALLELED:
     1 advitīya (f. ) or rarely atidvaya (f. ): (of things), u. tale: atidvayī kathā, K.;
     2 apratima (f. ) (= incomparable).

UNPARDONABLE:
     1 na kṣamārha (f. rhā);
     2 akṣantavya (f. vyā); etc.

UNPEOPLED: nirjana (f. ): v. Uninhabited.

UNPERCEIVED:
     I Adj.: alakṣita (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Adv.: alakṣitam and sim. comp. s.

UNPERFORMED: asamāpta (f. ptā): v. Incomplete, imperfect.

UNPLEASANT:
     1 apriya (f. );
     2 amanojña (f. jñā);
     3 aśobhana (f. ); etc.

UNPLEASANTNESS:
     1 apriyatā;
     2 amanojñatā;
     3 aśobhanatvam.

UNPLOUGHED:
     1 akṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 avikṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

UNPOLISHED:
     1 asaṃskṛta (f. );
     2 anupaskṛta (f. );
     3 apariṣkṛta (f. ); etc.

UNPOPULAR:
     1 lokavipriya (f. );
     2 janavirāgabhāj (mfn.); etc.

UNPOPULARITY:
     1 lokavipriyatā;
     2 janavirāgitā; etc.

UNPRACTISED:
     1 anabhyasta (f. stā);
     2 anabhijña (f. jñā = unacquainted): etc.

UNPRECEDENTED:
     1 apūrva (f. rvā);
     2 adṛṣṭapūrva (f. rvā); etc.

UNPREJUDICED:
     1 apakṣapātin (f. );
     2 by circumlo.

UNPREMEDITATED:
     1 asaṃkalpita (f. );
     2 anākalita (f. ); etc.

UNPRETENDING:
     1 avikatthana (f. );
     2 nirabhimāna (f. ); etc.

UNPRINCIPLED:
     1 adharmaniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā);
     2 asadvṛtta (f. ttā: of men): v. Wicked.

UNPRODUCTIVE: niṣphala (f. ): v. Fruitless, productive.

UNPROFITABLE: nirarthaka (f. ): v. Useless.

UNPROMISING:
     1 avarddhiṣṇa;
     2 by circumlo.

UNPROPITIOUS:
     1 amaṅgala (f. );
     2 aśubha (f. bhā); etc.

UNPROTECTED:
     1 arakṣita (f. );
     2 anabhirakṣita (f. );
     3 agupta (f. ptā); etc.

UNPUNISHED:
     1 adaṇḍita (f. );
     2 aśāsita (f. );
     3 by circumlo.

UNQUALIFIED:
     I Unfit: q. v.
     II Not restricted: abādha (f. dhā).

UNQUESTIONABLE:
     1 asandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Undoubted;
     2 nirvivāda (f. = undisputed).

UNRAVEL: apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To disclose, reveal.

UNREASONABLE
     1 anyāyya (f. yyā = unjust);
     2 aparimita (f. = immoderate).

UNREGENERATE:
     I Lit.: apunarjāta (f. ).
     II Fig.: aprāptasaṃskāra (f. ).

UNRELENTING:
     1 nirdaya (f. );
     2 niṣṭhura (f. );
     3 niṣkaruṇa (f. ṇā); etc.

[Page 737]

UNREMITTING:
     1 avirata (f. );
     2 aviśrānta (f. ntā);
     3 santata (f. ); etc.

UNRESERVED: asaṃyata (f. ): v. Unrestrained.

UNRESERVEDLY:
     I Frankly:
     1 asaṃvṛtam;
     2 asaṅkocam.
     II Without any limitation: asaṃyatam.

UNRESTRAINED:
     1 asaṃyata (f. );
     2 ayantrita (f. );
     3 aniyantrita (f. ): v. To restrain, check.

UNREVENGED
     1 apratikṛta (f. );
     2 apratihiṃsita (f. ); etc.

UNRIGHTEOUS:
     1 anyāyya (f. yyā = unjust);
     2 anyāyaparāyaṇa (f. ṇā: of men): v. Irreligious, impious.

UNRIGHTEOUSNESS:
     1 anyāyyatā, etc. (of acts);
     2 adhārmikatā, etc. (of men).

UNRIPE:
     1 apakva (f. kvā);
     2 aparipakva (f. kvā);
     3 apariṇata (f. );
     4 āmaḥ (mā maṃ =raw): v. Ripe.

UNRIPENESS:
     1 apakvatā;
     2 aripakvatā; etc.

UNRIVALLED:
     1 advitīya (f. );
     2 apratima (f. );
     3 apratirūpa (f. );
     4 atula (f. = incomparable: q. v.)

UNROLL: apā-vṛṇoti vi- (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open.

UNRUFFLED:
     1 akṣubdha (f. bdhā);
     2 asaṃkṣubdha (f. bdhā): v. Calm, quiet.

UNRULY: avaśa (f. śā).

UNSADDLE: paryāṇam, etc. apanayati (, c. 1. = remove: q. v.). U. d.: vyapanītaparyāṇa (f. ṇā), K.

UNSAFE:
     1 asurakṣita (f. = unprotected);
     2 sābādha (f. dhā = obstructed).

UNSALEABLE:
     1 avikreya (f. );
     2 avikretavya (f. vyā); etc.

UNSATED, UNSATISFIED:
     1 atṛpta (f. ptā);
     2 asantuṣṭa (f. ṣṭā); etc.

UNSAVOURY:
     1 asvādu (mfn.);
     2 virasa (f. ): v. Also offensive.

UNSAY: pratyākhyāti (f. khyā, c. 2.): v. To contradict.

UNSEAL:
     1 mudrāmudghāṭayati (c. of ghaṭ) or apanayati (, c. 1.);
     2 unmudrayati (nomi.);
     3 vimudrayati (nomi.).

UNSEARCHABLE:
     1 amārgya (f. gryā);
     2 durbhedya (f. dyā = impenetrable).

UNSEASONABLE:
     1 akāla- or asamaya- in comp.;
     2 ākālika (f. );
     3 asāmayika (f. ).

UNSEASONABLY:
     1 akāle;
     2 asamaye;
     3 by comp.

UNSEEMLY:
     1 anucita (f. = improper);
     2 avinīta (f. = indecent).

UNSELFISH:
     1 asvārthapara (f. ), etc.;
     2 udāra (f. = liberal).

UNSERVICABLE: anupayogin (f. ): v. Useless.

UNSETTLE:
     1 ākulayati (nomi.);
     2 kṣobhayati (c. of kṣubh = agitate).

UNSETTLED:
     1 asthira (f. ): v. Uncertain;
     2 avyavasthita (f. ).

UNSHACKLE: mokṣayati pari- vi- (mukṣ, c. 10.): v. To release, free.

UNSHAKEN: aprakamyya (f. myyā), Ki. xi. 39.; etc.: v. To shake, firm.

UNSHEATH: koṣāt uddharati (hṛ, c. 1.), M. n.: niṣkarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1. = to draw out), etc. U. ed:
     1 vikoṣa (f. ṣā), Ki. xvii. 45.;
     2 niṣkośa (f. śā), Vi. vi. 53.

UNSHIP: potānniṣkrāmayati (c. of kram), bahiṣkaroti, etc.

UNSHORN:
     1 akḷpta (f. ptā = uncut);
     2 ahṛta (f. = unrobbed).

UNSIGHTLY:
     1 virūpadarśana (f. );
     2 apriyadarśana (f. ); etc.

UNSKILFUL, UNSKILLED:
     1 akuśala (f. );
     2 anipuṇa (f. ṇā);
     3 adakṣa (f. kṣā): v. Skilful.

UNSKILFULNESS:
     1 akauśalam;
     2 adākṣyam;
     3 anaipuṇyam; etc.

UNSOCIABLE: saṅgavimukha (f. khī) and sim. comp. s. v. Sociable.

UNSOLICITOUS:
     1 anudvigna (f. gnā);
     2 nirudvega (f. );
     3 niścinta (f. ntā).

UNSOPHISTICATED: sarala (f. ): v. Simple, sincere.

[Page 738]

UNSOUND:
     I In gen.: asāra (f. ).
     II Of health: asustha (f. sthā): v. Sound.

UNSPARING:
     I Merciless, severe: kaṭhora (f. ).
     II Liberal, profuse: q. v.

UNSPEAKABLE:
     1 akathanīya (f. );
     2 anākhyeya (f. ); etc.

UNSTABLE: asthira (f. ): v. Inconstant, fickle.

UNSTAINED:
     1 niṣkalaṅka (f. ṅkā);
     2 akalaṅkita (f. ); etc.

UNSTEADINESS:
     1 asthairyam;
     2 asthiratā or tvam;
     3 anavasthitiḥ: v. Fickleness.

UNSTEADY:
     1 asthira (f. );
     2 anavasthita (f. );
     3 cañcala (f. = fickle).

UNSTRING:
     I Lit.:
     1 by circumlo.: v. String, to remove, free;
     2 śithilayati (nomi.: = loosen).
     II Fig.: śithilayati (nomi.): v. To slaken.

UNSUBSTANTIAL: asāra (f. ): v. Substantial.

UNSUCCESSFUL:
     1 akṛtārtha (f. rthā: of men): v. Successful;
     2 niṣphala (f. : of acts): v. Fruitless.

UNSUCCESSFULLY: expr. by circumlo.

UNSUITABLE:
     1 anucita (f. );
     2 anupayukta (f. ktā);
     3 ayogya (f. gyā); etc.

UNSUITABLENESS:
     1 anaicityam;
     2 anupayuktatā; etc.

UNSUITABLY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.

UNSULLIED: adūṣita (f. ): v. Unstained.

UNSUSPECTING, UNSUSPICIOUS: anāśaṅkin (f. ); etc.

UNTAMABLE:
     1 durdama (f. );
     2 adamya (f. myā);
     3 durdānta (f. ntā); etc.

UNTENABLE:
     1 asurakṣa (f. kṣā);
     2 by circumlo.

UNTENANTED: niradhivāsa (f. :?): v. Tenant, devoid of.

UNTHANKFUL, UNTHANKING: akṛtajña (f. jñā = ungrateful): v. Thankful.

UNTIDINESS, UNTIDY: v. Slovenliness, slovenly.

UNTIE:
     1 mocayati or mokṣayati (muc or mukṣ, c. 10.=release), shall u. him: enaṃ mokṣayet, Sr.;
     2 śithilayati or ślathayati (nomi. = loosen), the tight knots being u. d by preceptors: guruślathīkṛtadṛḍhagranthiḥ, N. xxii. 154.;
     3 vigrathnāti (granth, c. 9.: rare), Sr.

UNTIL: yāvat, u. the day and whole night passed: yāvadapāsaradvāsaraḥ śarvarī ca sarvā, D. vi.: v. Till.

UNTIMELY:
     I Adj.:
     1 asāmayika (f. );
     2 ākālika (f. );
     3 by comp., u. death of men: akālamaraṇaṃ nṛṇām, M. p. vii. 2.
     II Adv.:
     1 akāle;
     2 asamaye; etc.

UNTIRED:
     1 aklānta (f. ntā);
     2 akhinna (f. nnā); etc.

UNTO: v. To.

UNTOLD:
     I Not told: anukta (f. ktā), etc.: v. To tell, related.
     II Not counted: asaṃkhyāta (f. ).

UNTOUCHED:
     I Adj.:
     1 aspṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 asampṛkta (f. ktā).
     II Adv.: asaṃspṛśya, etc.

UNTOWARD: viṣama (f. ): v. Perverse, stubborn.

UNTRAINED:
     1 aśikṣita (f. );
     2 avinīta (f. );
     3 anāgamita (f. : rare).

UNTRIED:
     I Not tested: aparīkṣita (f. ).
     II Judicially: anirṇīta (f. ).

UNTRODDEN: akṣuṇṇa (f. ṇṇā): v. To tread.

UNTRUE: asatya (f. tyā): v. False.

UNTRULY: midhyā: v. Falsely.

UNTRUTH:
     1 asatyam;
     2 anṛtam: v. Falsehood, lie.

UNTWINE, UNTWIST: apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open.

UNUSUAL:
     1 asādhāraṇa (f. ṇī): v. Uncommon;
     2 apūrva (f. rvā), oh! your such sloth is u.: apūrvamālasyamaho tavedṛśam, N. ix. 90.: v. Strange, wonderful.

UNUSUALLY: expr. by comp. or circumlo.: v. Also exceedingly.

UNUTTERABLE:
     1 anirvacanīya (f. );
     2 anākhyeya (f. );
     3 akayanīya (f. ); etc.

UNVARNISHED: Fig.: akṛtrima (f. ): v. Unaffected, plain.

UNVEIL: apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open.

[Page 739]

UNWARRANTABLE: anyāyya (f. yyā): v. Unjust, improper.

UNWARY: pramatta (f. ttā): v. Careless.

UNWAVERING: avicalita (f. ): v. Firm, constant.

UNWEARIED:
     1 aklānta (f. ntā);
     2 akhinna (f. nnā); etc.

UNWELCOME:
     1 anamimata (f. );
     2 apriya (f. = unpleasant).

UNWELL: asustha or asvastha (f. sthā), became u.: asvastho'bhūt, K. s. viii. 23.; looks very u.: balavadasvasthaśarīrā dṛśyate, Sa. iii.: v. Also ill, sick.

UNWHOLESOME:
     1 anapathya (f. thyā);
     2 ahita (f. ): v. Wholesome.

UNWIEDLY:
     I Unmanagable: q. v.
     II Big, heavy: q. v.

UNWIND: vigrathnāti (grantha, c. 9. = unite): v. To open, free.

UNWISE: ajña (f. jñā): v. Ignorant, foolish.

UNWISELY: mūḍhatayā: v. Foolishly.

UNWITTINGLY:
     1 ajñānataḥ;
     2 ajñānāt;
     3 abodhapūrvam.

UNWORTHILY:
     1 anarham;
     2 ayogyam;
     3 by circumlo.

UNWORTHINESS:
     1 anarhatā;
     2 ayogyatā;
     3 nivnatā = absence of excellences: of men.

UNWORTHY:
     1 anarha (f. rhā);
     2 ayogya (f. gyā), I am u. of this: ayogyā vayametasya, Mu. vii.;
     3 by circumlo.: v. To become.

UNWRAP: apāvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To open.

UNWRITTEN:
     1 alikhita (f. );
     2 maukhika (f. = verbal).

UNWROUGHT:
     1 akṛta (f. );
     2 asaṃskṛta (f. ); etc.

UNYIELDING:
     1 anāvarjanīya (f. ): v. To yield.

UNYOKE:
     I Lit.: mocayati or mokṣayati (muc or mukṣa, c. 10.).
     II To separate: q. v.: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10.), u. d, i. e. unrestrained: ucchṛṅkhala (f. ).

UP (adv.):
     1 ut- in comp., going up and down: utsarpaṇāpasarpaṇam, B. p. x. 44. 4.; with arms up: udvāhu (mfn.), R. i. 3.;
     2 ūrdhvam, up, sidewise and down: ūrdhvaṃ tiraścīnamadhaśca, Ki. xvi. 50.;
     3 upari, if they look up and up: uparyupari paśyantaḥ, H. ii. 2.

UP (subs.):
     I Lit.: unnatam.
     II Fig.: unnatiḥ ; v. Down.

UP (prep.): v. Against.

UP TO:
     1 by comp. with ā, lord of the earth up to the ocean: āsamudrakṣitīśāḥ; working up to fructification: āphalodayakarman (mfn.), R. i. 5.;
     3 paryantaḥ in comp., from brother up to husband: bhrātrādibhartṛparyanta (f. ntā), D. 72.;
     3 yāvat (with acc.: rare), up to marriage: pariṇayanaṃ yāvat, D. 77.

UPBRAID: bhartsayati (bharts, c. 10.): v. To reproach.

UPHILL:
     I Lit.: utsarpin (f. ṇī).
     II Difficult: viṣama (f. ).

UPHOLD: samarthayati (arth, c. 10.: v. To support, defend).

UPHOLSTERER: *upaskarājovaḥ and sim. comp. s.

UPLAND: uccabhūmiḥ and sim. comp. s.

UPON: upari (with gen.): v. On.

UPPER:
     1 uparitana (f. );
     2 ūrdhvatana (f. );
     3 ūrdhva (f. rdhvā);
     4 ūrdhvastha (f. sthā);
     5 uparistha (f. sthā);
     6 uttara (f. ), u. half: uttarārdham.

UPPERHAND: Ph.: to get the u.: abhibhavati (bhū, c. 1.): v. Also ascendency.

UPPERMOST: sarvoparistha (f. sthā): v. Upper.

UPRIGHT:
     I Erect: q. v.: unnata (f. ).
     II Honest, just: q. v.: śuci (mfn.).

UPRIGHTLY:
     I Erectly: daṇḍāyamāna (f. ).
     II Honestly: śuci.

UPRIGHTNESS:
     I Erection: q. v.
     II Honesty, justness: q. v.: śucitvam -tā.

UPROAR:
     1 kolāhalaḥ;
     2 kalakalaḥ;
     3 halahalāyitam: v. Also tumult, quarrel.

UPROOT:
     1 unmūlayati saṃ- (nomi.), u. ing big trees: unmūlayan mahāvṛkṣān, Mah.; to u. the enemy: unmūlayiṣyan vipakṣam, Ki.;
     2 mūlocchedaṃ karoti, etc.

UPSET: parāvartayati (c. of vṛt): v. Overturn, overthrow.

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UPSHOT: pariṇāmaḥ: v. End, conclusion.

UPSIDE: agharāṃśaḥ and sim. comp. s. Ph.: to turn u. down (fig.): astavyastaṃ (f. stāṃ) karoti.

UPSTART:
     1 navotthāna (f. );
     2 navarddhi (mfn.); etc.

UPWARD,-S:
     I Of direction:
     1 ūrdhvabh;
     2 upari;
     3 uccaiḥ (= high).
     II Of number: adhi- or adhika- in comp., u. of twenty: adhikaviṃśa (f. śā), An.

URBAN:
     1 paura (f. );
     2 nāgara (f. );
     3 nāgarika (f. ).

URBANITY: dākṣiṇyam: v. Politeness. refineness.

URCHIN:
     1 vaṭuḥ;
     2 māṇavakaḥ.

URETHRA:
     1 mūtramārgaḥ and sim. comp. s.;
     2 mūtrasrotaḥpathaḥ, Bha.

URGE:
     1 protsāhayati (c. of sah): v. To incite;
     2 pracodayati (cud, c. 10.), u. d the charioteer to go quick: codayāmāsa śīghraṃ yāhīti sārathim, Ram. ii. 39. 42.;
     3 anuruṇaddhi (rudh, c. 7.): v. To press.

URGENCY:
     I Importunity:
     1 anurodhaḥ;
     2 grahaḥ or grāhaḥ;
     3 nirbandhaḥ.
     II Pressure:
     1 uparodhaḥ;
     2 bhāraḥ (= burden).

URGENT:
     1 guru (f. also rvī = important);
     2 uparodhaka (f. dhikā = pressing).

URGENTLY:
     1 nirbandhena (= pressingly);
     2 balavat (= forcibly).

URINAL: *mūtragrahaḥ (-grāhaḥ) and sim. comp. s.

URINARY:
     I Adj.: by comp.
     II Subs.: mūtraśālā and sim. comp. s.

URINE:
     1 mūtram, to void u.: mūtram utsṛjati or visṛjati mūtroccāraṃ karoti, etc.;
     2 prasrāvaḥ.

URN:
     1 kumbhaḥ;
     2 kalasaḥ (sī sam).

USAGE: vyavahāraḥ: v. Use, practice.

USE (subs.):
     I Employment, application:
     1 prayogaḥ, u. of words: padaprayogaḥ, N. xxii. 84.; popular u. is of more force than grammar: vyākaraṇālloke prayoga eva balīyān, Com.;
     2 vyavahāraḥ, making u. of signs on account of deafness: vadhiratayā saṃjñāvyavahārin (f. ṇī), K.
     II Utility:
     1 upayogaḥ, does not know my u.: mamopayogaṃ na jānāti, H. ii.;
     2 prayojanam (=need), of no u., i. e. simply to fill the foot: nirarthakaṃ pādapūraṇamātraprayojanam, Kav. vii.;
     3 arthaḥ: v. Object, purpose. Ph.: to be of u., i. e. useful: q. v.

USE (v. t.):
     I To put to purpose:
     1 upayuṃkte yojayati. (yuj, c. 7. and 10.), onions u. d with herbs: śāke palāṇḍurupayojitaḥ, Bha.; I wish to u. all that (in satisfying) great Brahmins: ahamicchāmi tatsarvabhupayoktuṃ dvijāgrebhyaḥ, Mah. ii. 33. 19.
     II To employ:
     1 prayuṃkte or prayojayati (yuj, c. 7. and 10.), no one u. s the word Daivata, in the masculine: daivataśabdaḥ puṃsi na kenacit prayujyate, Kav. vii.; in u. ing once: sakṛtprayoge, Mit.: v. Also to practise.
     III To treat: q. v.: vyavaharati (hṛ, c. 1.).
     IV To spend: q. v.

USE (v. i.):
     I Of habitual past.: expr. by purā and laṭ: you who u. d to be aroused: purā vibodhyase, Ki. i. 38.
     II = accustomed, acquainted with: q. v.

USEFUL:
     1 upayogin (f. );
     2 hita (f. = beneficial, wholesome: q. v.);
     3 by subs.: v. Use (II).

USEFULLY:
     1 sopayogam;
     2 saphalam (= fruitfully);
     3 na vṛthā, etc. (= not in vain);
     4 by circumlo.

USEFULNESS: upayogitā, N. ii. 48.: v. Fitness, benefit, use (II).

USELESS:
     1 nirarthaka (f. );
     2 niṣprayojana (f. );
     3 nirupayoga (f. );
     4 anupayogin (f. );
     5 vṛthā in comp.

USELESSLY:
     1 nirarthakam;
     2 niṣprayojanam;
     3 vṛthā (= in vain).

USELESSNESS:
     1 anupayogaḥ -gitā;
     2 niṣprayojanatā;
     3 nirarthakatā.

USER: in law: vyavahāraḥ: v. Use, practice.

USHER:
     I Of a court: śodhanakaḥ, Mr. ix.
     II A teacher: anuśikṣakaḥ.

USHER IN:
     I To admit: q. v.: praveśayati (c. of viś).
     II To bring on: āvahati (vah, c. 1.).

USUAL:
     1 sādhāraṇa (f. ṇī): v. Common;
     2 prāyika (f. = found as rule);
     3 vyavahārika (f. = customary);
     4 laukika (f. = popular);
     5 prasiddha (f. ddhā = wellknown).

USUALLY:
     1 sādhāraṇyena (= commonly);
     2 prāyeṇa (= as a rule: generally.

USUFRUCT: phalādhikāraḥ or phalabhogādhikāraḥ, u. uary: phalādhikārin (f. ṇī).

USURER:
     1 kṛ(kau)sīdikaḥ;
     2 vārdhuṣikaḥ;
     3 vṛddhyājīvaḥ.

USURIOUS:
     1 kausīda (f. ) or kausīdika (f. );
     2 vipula (f. = enormous: as u. rate).

USURP: balād gṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.) or ātmasātkaroti.

USURPATION: balādgrahaṇam or ātmasātkaraṇam.

USURPER: balādgrāhin (f. ṇī) or ātmasātkārin (f. ṇī).

USURY:
     1 kuśīdam -pathaḥ poverty from u.: kusīdāddāridryam, P.;
     2 vārdhuṣyam;
     3 kausīdyam.

UTENSIL:
     1 bhāṇḍam;
     2 upakaraṇam;
     3 upaskaraḥ.

UTERINE: u. brother: anyapitṛjo bhrātā, K. b.

UTERUS:
     1 garbhaśayyā;
     2 garbhakośaḥ;
     3 garbhāśayaḥ;
     4 jarāyuḥ.

UTILITARIAN: upayogavādin (f. ), u. doctrine: upayogavādaḥ.

UTILITY: upayogaḥ: v. Use, usefulness.

UTMOST: parama (f. ): v. Extreme. Ph.: to the u. of one's power: yāvacchaktitaḥ; to try one's u.: yāvacchakyaṃ yatate; the u. limit: parā koṭiḥ.

UTOPIAN: perh. kālpanika (f. ) or manaḥsṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā).

UTTER (adj.): sampūrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Complete, entire.

UTTER (v.):
     1 ud-īrayati, (īr, c. 10.);
     2 vyā-harati udā-, (hṛ, c. 1.);
     3 uccārayati (c. of car): v. To pronounce, speak.

UTTERANCE:
     1 uccāraḥ -ṇam (= pronunciation), easy of u.: sukhoccārya (f. ryā);
     2 vyāhāraḥ vyāharaṇam or vyāhṛtiḥ;
     3 udīritam sam-;
     4 udgāraḥ or udgiraṇam.

UTTERLY: aśeṣeṇaḥ v. Wholly, completely.

UTTERMOST: v. Utmost.

UVULA:
     1 upajihvā;
     2 alijihvā;
     3 śuṇḍikā.

UXORIOUS:
     1 strīvaśya (f. śyā), P. ix. 7.;
     2 strīvidheyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     3 strīvaśa (f. śā); etc.


VACANCY:
     I The state:
     1 śūnyatā;
     2 riktatā.
     II Vacant post, etc.:
     1 śūnyam;
     2 riktam.

VACANT: śūnya (f. nyā), placing me in v. (throne): śūnye saṃpraṇidhāya mām, Mah. iv. 38. 17.; scarcely went towards her house with a v. mind: śūnyā jagāma bhavanābhimukhī kathañcit, Ku. iii. 75.; having v. looks: śūnyākṛti (mfn.), Ki. xvii. 39.: v. Also empty, free, unoccupied.

VACATE: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.): v. To relinquish, leave, empty.

VACATION:
     1 avakāśaḥ (?);
     2 virāmaḥ (?).

VACCINATE: gobījaṃ niveśayati (c. of viś) (?).

VACCINATION: gobījaniveśanam (?) and sim. comp. s.

VACCINE:
     I Cow's: gavya (f. vyā).
     II Of vaccination: by comp.

VACILLATE: dolāyate (nomi.): v. To waver, swing.

VACILLATING (adj.): of men: asthira (f. ): v. Fickle.

VACILLATION: asthiratā: v. Fickleness, inconstancy.

VACUITY, VACUUM:
     1 śūnyam;
     2 kham (rare).

VAGABOND:
     1 avijñātanivāsa (f. ), Mit. and sim. comp. s; gūḍhacārin (f. ṇī), M. n. ix. 260.; he leads a v. life: sa gūḍhaṃ carati vāso na jñātaḥ.

VAGARY:
     1 bhramiḥ (?);
     2 bhrāntam vi- (?).

VAGRANCY: *gūḍhacāriviṣayako vidhiḥ.

VAGRANT: v. Vagabond.

VAGUE:
     1 aniścita (f. ): v. Uncertain;
     2 sandigdha (f. gdhā): v. Doubtful.

VAGUELY:
     1 aniścitam: v. Uncertainly;
     2 sandigdham = doubtfully.

VAGUENESS:
     1 aniścayaḥ (=uncertainty);
     2 sandigdhatā (= doubtfulness).

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VAIN:
     I In gen.:
     1 niṣphala (f. = fruitless: q. v.), one whose efforts are v.: niṣphalaprayatna (f. tnā), M. n. on Ki. ix. 46.;
     2 nirarthaka (f. rthikā = useless: q. v.), advice is now v.: idānīṃ nirarthakāḥ khalu upadeśāḥ, K.;
     3 vyartha (f. rthā = 2.);
     4 mogha (f. ghā), made her hand v.: tatpāṇiṃ moghaṃ vitene, N. iii. 5.;
     5 vṛthā- in comp.: v. jest: vṛthāparīhāsaḥ, N. ix. 25.; (your) toils are v.: vṛthāśramaḥ, Ki. v. 45.
     II Proud: vṛthābhimānin (f. ), and sim. comp. s.
     III Showy, ostentatious: q. v.

VAIN, IN-, VAINLY: vṛthā, do not talk in v.: na vṛthā vākyaṃ samuccāryatām, J.;
     2 vyartham, and why are you tiring yourself in v.: vyartha pariśrāmyasi vā kimartham, N. iii. 13.;
     3 mudhā, why in vain: kimartha mudhā, Ve. iii. 4.;
     4 nirarthakam (= 2);
     5 niṣphalam (= fruitlessly).

VAINGLORIOUS: vṛthābhimānin (f. ) and sim. comp. s: v. Boastful.

VALE: upatyakā: v. Valley.

VALEDICTION: āmantraṇam: v. Farewell.

VALEDICTORY: expr. by comp.

VALERIAN: a plant: jananī (Wilson).

VALET:
     1 pārśvacaraḥ;
     2 pārśvikaḥ;
     3 ceṭaḥ.

VALETUDINARIAN:
     1 rogin (f. ṇī = sickly);
     2 durbala (f. = weak).

VALIANT:
     1 vikrāntaḥ (f. ntā);
     2 parākrānta (f. ntā);
     3 parākramaśālin (f. ); etc.: v. Also brave, strong.

VALIANTLY:
     1 sāhasapūrvakam;
     2 savikramam, etc.

VALID:
     1 prabala (f. );
     2 balavat (f. ): v. Strong, sound, good.

VALIDITY:
     1 prabalatā;
     2 prābalyam;
     3 balavattvam -ttāḥ v. Strength, soundness.

VALLEY:
     1 upatyakā;
     2 droṇī (Wilson).

VALOUR:
     1 vikramaḥ;
     2 parākramaḥ;
     3 vikrāntiḥ: v. Also boldness, prowess, strength.

VALOROUS: vikrānta (f. ntā): v. Valiant, brave.

VALUABLE:
     I Adj.: bahumūlya (f. lyā) and sim. comp. s: v. Costly, rich.
     II Subs.:
     1 bahumūlyadravyam and sim. expr. s.

VALUATION: mūlyanirupaṇam and sim. comp. s.

VALUE (subs.):
     I Price (lit. and fig.): q. v.:
     1 mūlyam;
     2 arghaḥ, as it is above all value: anarghatvāt, H.
     II Precise import: śaktiḥ.

VALUE (v.):
     I Lit.: mūlyaṃ or arghaṃ nirūpayati (rūp, c. 10.) or sthāpayati saṃ- (c. of sthā).
     II Estimate: q. v.:
     1 manyate (man, c. 4.), to v. much: bahu manyate, An.;
     2 ākalayati (kal, c. 10.): v. To consider.

VALUER:
     I Lit.:
     1 mūlyanirūpaka (f. pikā);
     2 arghasaṃsthāpaka (f. pikā).
     II Fig.: expr. ed by verb.

VALVE:
     I Of a door: kapā(vā)ṭa (mfn.).
     II Of a machine: perh. pidhānam.

VAMPIRE:
     I A ghost:
     1 bhūtaḥ;
     2 pretaḥ.
     II An extortioner:
     1 niṣkarṣaka (f. rṣikā);
     2 cūṣaka (f. ṣikā).
     III A bat: maṅgārī.

VAN:
     I Front: q. v.: mukham.
     II Car: q. v.: yānam.

VANDALISM: bārbarikatvam -tā: v. Also cruelty, ferocity.

VANE: vāyudarśanī and sim. comp. s.

VANGUARD:
     1 agrānīkam;
     2 nāsīracarāḥ, (m. p.);
     3 senāmukham, etc.

VANISH:
     1 naśyati vi- (naś, c. 4.): v. To disappear;
     2 palāyate (ay, c. 1. = fly), so long this account will not v.: tāvadidamākhyānaṃ na palāyiṣyate, H. iv.

VANITY:
     1 vṛthābhimānaḥ;
     2 mithyābhimānitā; and sim. comp. s.

VANQUISH: parājayate (ji, c. 1.): v. To defeat, conquer.

VANQUISHER: jetṛ (f. trī): v. Victor.

VANTAGE, VANTAGE GROUND: agrabhūmiḥ: v. Also superiority.

VAPID:
     1 virasa (f. );
     2 nīrasa (f. );
     3 rasahīna (f. ).

VAPOROUS, VAPOURY:
     I Lit.: bāṣpamaya (f. ).
     II Fig.: asāra (f. ).

VAPOUR:
     I Subs.: bāṣpaḥ.
     II Verb: vikatthate (tth, c. 1.): v. To break.

VARIABLE:
     1 asthira (f. ): v. Inconstant;
     2 cañcala (f. ): v. Fickle;
     3 parivartanaśīla (f. = changeable).

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VARIABLENESS:
     1 asthairyam: v. Inconstancy;
     2 cañcalatāḥ v. Fickleness;
     3 parivartanaśīlatvam (= changeableness).

VARIANCE: bhedaḥ: v. Difference, dissension.

VARIATION: parivṛttiḥ: v. Change.

VARIED: vividhaviṣayaka (f. ): v. Various.

VARIEGATE:
     1 citrayati (nomi.);
     2 citrīkaroti;
     3 karvurīkaroti;
     4 śabalīkaroti, V. d:
     1 citra (f. trā);
     2 citravicitra (f. trā);
     3 kavura (f. ) or karvurita (f. ), v. d like the dove: kapotakarvura (f. ), Ku. iv. 27.;
     4 kirmīra (f. ) or kirmīrita (f. ), v. d with planets: grāhaughakirmīrita (f. ), N. xxii. 18.:
     5 śabala (f. ), the v. d sky: śabalaṃ vihāyaḥ, Vi. vii. 26.;
     6 kambara (f. rāḥ rare).

VARIETY:
     I Diversity:
     1 vaicitryam;
     2 vicitratā. Ph.: v. of = various: q. v.
     II Difference, kind: bhedaḥ pra-, paṭi is a v. of cloth: paṭiḥ paṭabhede, Medini. Ph.: men have v. of tastes: bhinnarucirlokaḥ, R.

VARIOUS:
     1 vividha (f. dhā), and with v. wild rice: vividhaiścaiva nīvāraiḥ, Mat.; I was the v. object of their glances: vividhamahamabhūvaṃ pātramālokitānām, Mal. i. 24.;
     2 nānāvidha (f. dhā) or nānā (=many), of v. colours: nānārāgavirāga (f. ), Mah. ii. 68. 48.; of v. hues: nānāvarṇa (f. rṇā), Mat.;
     3 bahuvidha (f. dhā) and sim. comp. s, with v. means of cheating: naikavidhavipralambhopāyaiḥ, D. i.; v. weapons: pṛthagvidhāni śastrāṇi, Ki. xvi. 34.

VARIOUSLY:
     1 bahudhā, R. x. 26.;
     2 naikadhā or anekadhā;
     3 vividham;
     4 by circumlo.

VARNISH:
     I Subs.: kṛkkubhaḥ -kaḥ, (Wilson).
     II Verb: kukkubhayati (nomi.) (?).

VARY (v. i.):
     1 bhidyate (pass. of bhid);
     2 with bhinna (f. nnā) vi-: v. To differ.

VARY (v. t.):
     I To alter, change: q. v.: parivartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To diversify: nānāvidhaṃ(dhāṃ)karotiḥ v. Various.

VASE:
     1 kumbhaḥ;
     2 kalaśaḥ. (saḥ)

VASSAL: prajāḥ v. Subject.

VAST: vipula (f. ): v. Large, enormous.

VASTLY: vipulam: v. Largely, immensely.

VASTNESS: vipulatā -tvam: v. Largeness, immensity.

VAT: bṛhadbhāṇḍaviśeṣaḥ kuṇḍam.

VATICINATE: v. To prophesy, predict.

VAULT (subs.):
     I Arched roof: khoḍakaśīrṣam, (Wilson). Ph.: v. of heaven: nabhomaṇḍalam, and sim. comp. s.
     II Cellar: guptiḥ (?).
     III Leap: q. v.: lamphaḥ.

VAULT (v.):
     I To form a vault: expr. by subs.: v. To form, vault.
     II To leap: lamphaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

VAUNT: vikatthate (katth, c. 1.): To boast. V. ing: vikatthanā.

VAUNTER: vikatthin (f. ): v. Boaster, boastful.

VEAL:
     1 govatsamāṃsam;
     2 vatsāmiṣam; etc.

VEER:
     I Intrans.: parāvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).
     II Trans.: parāvartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To turn, change.

VEGETABLE (subs.): for table: śāka (mn.), we shall now speak of v. s: śākānyata ūrdhvaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ, Sr.

VEGETABLE (adj.):
     1 udbhid (mfn.);
     2 udbhijja (f. jjā);
     3 audbhida (f. ), the v. kingdom is fourfold: audbhidantu caturvidham, C. s. (Sr. uses udbhijja in a different sense).

VEGETATE:
     I To grow, come out: q. v.: udbhidyate (pass. bhid).
     II Fig.: perh. śākavṛttimupajīvati, etc.

VEGETATION:
     I Germination: udbhedaḥ.
     II Plants: udbhid (mfn.).

VEHEMENCE: caṇḍatā pra- ut-: v. Sharpness, speed.

VEHEMENT: caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā), pra- ut-: v. wind: caṇḍamarut, Ki. xvii. 44.: v. Sharp, strong.

VEHEMENTLY:
     1 caṇḍam pra- ut-;
     2 by comp.: v. Also sharply, strong.

VEHICLE:
     I Carriage: q. v.: yānam.
     II Medium: dvāram.

VEIL (v.): avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 10.), with the body covered and (head) v. ed: saṃvītaṅgopaguṇṭhita, M. iv. 49.: v. To cover.

VEIL (subs.): avaguṇṭhanam, let me remove your v.: apaneṣyāmi tāvatte'vaguṇṭhanam, Sa. v.: v. Also cover, screen.

VEIN:
     I Animal:
     1 śirā (gen. term);
     2 dhamanī (= artery);
     3 nāḍī.
     II Of leaves: śirā, K.
     III Of stones: rekhā or lekhā, full of v. s: rekhākīrṇa (f. rṇā), V. m. 82. 4.
     IV Fig.: stream, train: q. v.: srotas (n.). V. Temper: q. v.: svagatiḥ.

VEINED, VEINY:
     1 śirāla (f. ) (?);
     2 by comp.

VELOCITY:
     1 javaḥ;
     2 vegaḥ: v. Speed.

VENAL: v. beauty: paṇyastrī; v. prostitute; v. services: bhṛtakasevā; v. servant of Minerva: jñānapaṇyo vaṇik, Mal.: v. Also corrupt.

VENALITY:
     1 dhanabhedyatā;
     2 by circumlo.: v. Also corruption.

VEND: vikriṇīte: v. To sell.

VENDER: vikrayakārin (f. ṇī): v. Seller.

VENDIBLE: vikreya (f. ): v. Saleable.

VENERABLE:
     1 pūjyatama (f. ): v. Reverent, respectable.

VENERATE: samabhyarcayati (arc, c. 1.): v. Revere, respect.

VENERATION: arcāḥ v. Reverence, respect.

VENEREAL: v. disease: yonirogaḥ, Sr.; v. (i. e. aphrodisiac) treatment: vājīkaro vidhiḥ, Bha.

VENESECTION:
     1 śirāvyadhaḥ, Sr.;
     3 śirāvedhaḥ.

VENGEANCE: pratihiṃsāḥ v. Revenge.

VENIAL:
     1 laghu (f. also dhvī = light);
     2 marṣaṇīya (f. = forgivable).

VENISON:
     1 mṛgamāṃsam;
     2 hāriṇaṃ māṃsam; etc.

VENOM: viṣam: v. Poison.

VENOMOUS: saviṣa (f. ṣā): v. Poisonous.

VENT (v.): visṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.): v. Emit, throw.

VENT (subs.):
     I In gen.: chidram: v. Aperture, hole.
     II Sale: q. v.

VENTILATE:
     I To fan.: q. v.: vījayati (vīj, c. 10.).
     II To cause air to pass: the house is well v. d: vāyuprasārabahulaṃ gṛham.
     III To circulate: pracārayati (c. of car).

VENTILATION:
     I Lit.: vāyuprasāraḥ and sim. comp. s.
     II Fig.: pracāraḥ.

VENTILATOR:
     I A machine: vāyuprasāriṇī (?).
     II Publisher: pracāraka (f. rikā).

VENTRICLE: koṣaḥ (śaḥ); fourth v.: caturthakośaḥ.

VENTRILOQUISM:
     1 gāruḍavāṇī;
     2 udaravādaḥ.

VENTRILOQUIST: gāruḍavādin (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

VENTURE (subs.):
     I Bold undertaking: sāhasam.
     II Risk: saṅkaṭam. Ph.: at a venture: sahasā: v. Suddenly.

VENTURE:
     I To risk: q. v.
     II To attempt: q. v. Ph.: nothing v. nothing gain: udyamena hi sidhyanti kāryāṇi na manorathaiḥ, H. 36.

VENTURESOME, VENTUROUS: sāhasika (f. ): v. Bold, dangerous.

VENUE: sthānam: v. Place.

VERACIOUS:
     1 satyavādin (f. );
     2 satyavāc (mfn.);
     3 satyagir (mfn.);
     4 satyaśīla (f. ), etc.

VERACITY:
     1 satyavāditvam- tā;
     2 satyabhāṣaṇam; etc.

VERANDAH:
     1 varaṇḍaḥ;
     2 niṣkāśaḥ.

VERB:
     1 dhātuḥ (verbal root), intransitive v.: akarmako dhātuḥ, Kaṇada; although the v. 'to do' is transitive: yadyapi kṛdhātoḥ sakarmatvamastyeva;
     2 kriyā (conjugated).

VERBAL:
     I Oral:
     1 vācika (f. ), now I wish to hear the v. message: vācikamidānīṃ śrotumicchāmi, Mu. v.;
     2 vācanika (f. ).
     II Of words:
     1 by comp.;
     2 śābdika (f. );
     3 śābda (f. bdī).
     III Literal: q. v.: padānupadika (f. kī ?).

VERBALLY:
     I Orally: vācā, and sim. expr. s.
     II Lit.: padānupadam.

VERBATIM:
     1 padānupadam;
     2 yathāvyāhṛtam; etc.

VERBENA: sugandhitṛṇaviśeṣaḥ.

VERBIAGE, VERBOSITY:
     1 vāgvistāraḥ;
     2 vākprapañcaḥ;
     3 bhūyasī vāk, Si. ii. 23.; etc.

VERBOSE:
     1 vāgbahula (f. );
     2 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā = frolics).

VERDANT:
     1 harita (f. ): v. Green;
     2 śādvala (f. ): v. Grassy.

VERDICT: nirṇayaḥ: Decision, opinion.

VERDIGRIS: tāmrakiṭṭam tāmramalam, etc.

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VERDURE:
     1 śādaḥ;
     2 śādvalatāḥ v. of = verdant: q. v.

VERGE (subs.):
     I Border, edge: prāntaḥ.
     II Rod: daṇḍaḥ. Ph.: on the v. of ruin: patanonmukha (f. khī): v. About.

VERGE (v.):
     I To incline, slope: q. v.: lambate (lamb, c. 1.).
     II Fig.: v. ing on middle age: madhyamopānte vayasi vartamānayoḥ, Va.

VERGER:
     1 daṇḍin (m.);
     2 daṇḍadharaḥ;
     3 vetrin (m.).

VERIFICATION:
     1 by verb;
     2 samarthanam nā ; v. Also examination.

VERIFY:
     1 pramāṇayati (nomi.);
     2 samarthayati (nomi.), I would v. this proverb...: iti lokavādaṃ samarthayeyam, D. vi.: v. Also to prove, establish.

VERILY:
     1 satyam: v. Indeed, truly;
     2 nūnam: v. Certainly.

VERISIMILAR, VERISIMILITUDE: v. Probable, probability.

VERITABLE, VERITY: v. True, truth.

VERMILION:
     I Lit.: sindūram.
     II Fig.: śoṇa (f. ṇā): v. Red.

VERMILION (v.): sindūreṇa rañjayati abhi- anu- (rañj, c. 10.).

VERMIN: kṛmiḥ or kṛmayaḥ (m. pl.).

VERNACULAR:
     I Adj.: janma- in comp.: v. Native, country.
     II Subs.:
     1 mātṛbhāṣā;
     2 bhāṣā (when sense is clear).

VERNAL:
     1 vasanta- in comp.;
     2 vāsanta (f. ntī);
     3 vāsantika (f. ); etc.

VERSATILE:
     I Unsteady: q. v.: cañcala (f. ).
     II Readily applied to various subjects: of v. genius: sarvadakṣa (f. kṣā): v. Skilful.

VERSE:
     I Poetry: q. v.: kabitā.
     II Stanza: ślokaḥ. Ph.: a poem of seven hundred v. s: saptaśatī.
     III Metrical line:
     1 caraṇam;
     2 pādaḥ;
     3 padam.

VERSED:
     1 abhijña (f. jñā): v. Knowing;
     2 viśārada (f. ): v. Proficient.

VERSICLE: kṣudrakavitā, and sim. comp. s.

VERSIFICATION: chandobandhaḥ; ślokaracanā; and sim. comp. s.

VERSIFIER:
     1 kavayitṛ (f. trī);
     2 padyaracayitṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp. s.

VERSIFY:
     1 kavayati (nomi.), Bho.;
     2 padyaṃ karoti, etc.

VERSION: authorized v.: *pariniṣṭhitavyāvṛtiḥ: v. Translation.

VERTEBRA: pṛṣṭhavaṃśāsthi (n.);
     2 māṃsasandhiḥ (?).

VERTEBRATY,-E:
     1 kaśerumat (f. );
     2 pṛṣṭhavaṃśayuta (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

VERTEX: śīrṣam: v. Top, summit.

VERTICAL:
     I Upper: q. v.: ūrdhvatana (f. ).
     II Perpendicular: q. v. Ph.: v. circle: dṛgvṛttam; v. parallax: dṛglambanam; prime v.: samamaṇḍalam, Su.

VERTICALLY:
     1 adhomukham;
     2 avāṅmukham: v. Also perpendicularly.

VERTIGO: bhramaram: v. Dizziness.

VERY (adj.):
     I Real, actual: q. v.: expr. by adv. satyam etc.
     II Same: q. v., he is the v. man: ayaṃ saḥ.
     III Emphatic: expr. with eva, it is the v. same forest: etattadeva hi vanam, U. ii. 22.; these are the v. same mountains: ete ta eva girayaḥ, U. ii. 23.; this very day: adyaiva, Ve. iv. 1.

VERY (adv.):
     1 ati- in comp., v. scarce: atidurlabha (f. bhā);
     2 su- in comp. (= good), v. many (= good many): subahu (mfn.); v. far, (= good distance): sudūram; v. hot (= well heated): sutapta (f. ptā);
     3 by comp. or super., v. heavy rain: baṃhīyasī vṛṣṭiḥ, Si. iii. 6.; v. quick: kṣepīyas, Vi. v. 15.; v. swift: drutatara (f. ), Si. xi. 8.; v. big: vipulatara (f. ), Si. xi. 5.: v. Also exceeding, extremely.

VESICLE: perh. koṣakaḥ; kṣudrakoṣaḥ; etc.

VESICULAR:
     I Lit.: koṣakamaya (f. ).
     II Hollow: q. v.

VESPER:
     I Evening: q. v.: sandhyā.
     II Evening star: sāyantanī tārā.

VESSEL:
     I A receptacle:
     1 pātram;
     2 bhājanam.
     II A ship: q. v.: yānapātram.
     III Of the body: nāḍiḥ (ḍī): v. Vein, etc.

VEST (subs.):
     I Gen.: vastram: v. Garment.
     II Spe.: colaḥ -lī.

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VEST (v.):
     I To clothe: q. v.
     II To invest: q. v.

VESTAL:
     I Lit.: prob. vāstava (f. vīḥ vāstu = Gr. estia, L. vesta).
     II Pure, chaste: q. v.

VESTED (adj.): as rights: vyavasthita (f. ): v. Fixed.

VESTIBULE: dehaliḥ (): v. Also porch.

VESTIGE: cihnam: v. Mark, trace.

VESTMENT, VESTURE: vāsas (n.): v. Dress, clothes.

VESTRY: bhājanaśālā (?) and sim. comp. s.

VETCH: a plant:
     1 dvidalam;
     2 dvipatram.

VETERAN: v. soldiers or v. s: yodhāḥ paridṛṣṭayuddhāḥ; v. skill: pakvakauśalam; v. polilician: abhyastanītiśāstra (f. strā), B. xii. 14. com.: v. Experienced, old.

VETERINARY: v. surgeon:
     1 paśucikitsakaḥ;
     2 śālihotraśo vaidyaḥ, (a class of), P. v. 10.; v. art: paśucikitsā.

VETO:
     I Prohibition: pratiṣedhaḥ.
     II To prohibit: pratiṣedhati (sidh, c. 1.).

VEX:
     1 bādhate (bādha, c. 1.): v. To harass;
     2 kopayati (c. of kup): v. To enrage;
     3 pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To pain.

VEXATION: kaṣṭam: v. Distress;
     2 duḥkham: v. Pain;
     3 kleśaḥ: v. Trouble;
     4 bādhā, (rare).

VEXATIOUS:
     1 bādhaka (f. dhikā);
     2 kaṣṭada (f. );
     3 kleśakara (f. ); etc.

VEXATIOUSLY: expr. by pres. part. or circumlo.

VIAND: annam: v. Food.

VIATICUM:
     1 pātheyam;
     2 sambalam (= provisions).

VIBRATE:
     I Intrans.: dolāyate (nomi.): v. To swing, move.
     II Trans.: bhrāmayati (c. of bhram): v. To roll, swing.

VIBRATION:
     1 āndolanam;
     2 dolāyitam;
     3 sphuritam (?).

VICAR:
     I Substitute: pratinidhiḥ.
     II An officer: *anvācāryaḥ.

VICARAGE:
     I Residence: *anvācāryavāsaḥ, etc.
     II The benefice: *anvācāryādhikāraḥ: or sim. adhikāraḥ (when sense is clear).

VICARIOUS: expr. by comp. or gen.

VICE:
     I Wickedness:
     1 adharmaḥ;
     2 pāpam: v. Sin.
     II Fault: doṣaḥ: v. Also demerit, passion.
     III An instrument: saṃdaṃśaḥ.
     IV = in the place of: sthale or sthāne with gen.

VICE-CHANCELLOR: *upaprāḍvivākaḥ; *anugharmaśāsakaḥ.

VICEGERENT: pratinidhiḥ: v. Deputy.

VICEROY:
     1 mogapatiḥ, (= governor);
     2 rājapratinidhiḥ (?); etc.

VICEROYAL: expr. by comp. V. ty: bhogapatiśāsanam (= government).

VICINAGE: sannidhānam: v. Neighbourhood.

VICIOUS:
     I Defective, imperfect: q. v.
     II Wicked, corrupt.: q. v.: duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ), Mit.
     III Unruly:
     1 duṣṭaḥ (ṣṭā ṣṭaṃ): v. elephant: duṣṭahastī, Mr. ii.;
     2 vyālaḥ (lā laṃ), Ki.

VICIOUSLY:
     1 duṣṭatayāḥ
     2 duṣṭam;
     3 by circumlo.

VICIOUSNESS:
     1 duṣṭatā-tvam;
     2 vyālatvam -tā (of amimals);
     3 durvṛttatā-tvam (= wickedness).

VICISSITUDE:
     1 parivṛttiḥ (= change);
     2 viparyayaḥ (=reverse).

VICTIM:
     I Lit.: baliḥ: v. Sacrifice, offering.
     II Fig.: expr. by verb: v. To destroy, cheat.

VICTIMIZE: upahārīkarotiḥ v. To offer, sacrifice.

VICTOR, VICTRESS:
     1 jetṛ (f. trī), vi- (gen. with gen., acc. with acc.), v. of armies: vijetāraṃ senāḥ, Vi. iv. 18.;
     2 jayin (f. ), the v. s over titans: asuravijayinaḥ, Vi. ii.;
     3 jiṣṇu (mfn.: rare), Si. xii. 3.

VICTORIOUS:
     1 vi-jayin (f. ), v. prowess: vijayi vīryam, Vi. i. 8.;
     2 jaitra (f. trī), v. hymns: jaitrānubākān, Vi. iii. 23.;
     3 jitvara (f. : rare): v. Also to conquer, van. -quish.

VICTORIOUSLY: expr. by circumlo.

VICTORY: jayaḥ vi-; to gain a v.: vijayaṃ prāpnoti, Ki. xviii. 43.; eager for v.: jayaiṣin (f. ṇī), R. iii. 57. Ph.: v. to your majesty: vijayasva rājan, Sa. v.; jaya jaya jaya mahārāja, N. xix. 2.

VICTUAL:
     I In pl.: khādyasāmagrī: v. Also food.
     II Verb: v. To supply, give.

VICTUALLER: khādyadravyavikretṛ (f. trī). and sim. comp. s.

VICTUALLING-HOUSE: khādyaśālā, and sim. comp. s. (?).

VIE WITH: spardhate (spardh, c. 1.): v. To emulate, rival.

VIEW (subs.):
     I Sight: q. v.: dṛṣṭiḥ.
     II Prospect, appearance: q. v.: dṛṣṭiḥ.
     III Opinion, judgment: q. v.: matam.
     IV Design, intention: q. v.: āśayaḥ. Ph.: with what v.: kimuddiśya; with this v.: etadartham.
     V Notion, mind: q. v.: dhīḥ, of liberal v. s: udāradhīḥ (n. dhi).

VIEW (v.): samīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To see, look, descry.

VIEWLESS:
     1 adṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = unseen);
     2 adṛśya (f. śyā = invisible); etc.

VIGIL:
     1 jāgaraṇam;
     2 jāgaryā;
     3 jāgartiḥ (rare).

VIGILANCE:
     I Vigil: q. v.
     II Carefulness: q. v.: avahitatvam.

VIGILANT:
     I Lit.: jāgarūka (f. ).
     II Fig.:
     1 jāgarūka (f. );
     2 avahita (f. ): v. Careful.

VIGILANTLY:
     1 sāvadhānam;
     2 apramādena;
     3 by adj.

VIGOROUS:
     1 tejasvin (f. );
     2 ojasvin (f. );
     3 ūrjasvala (f. ): v. Strong, powerful, vehement.

VIGOROUSLY:
     1 caṇḍam: v. Vehemently, sharply;
     2 balavat; v. Strongly:
     3 tarasā (= speedily).

VIGOROUSNESS:
     1 tejasvitā;
     2 ojasvitā;
     3 ūrjasvalatvam;
     4 vīryavattā, etc.

VIGOUR:
     1 vīryam: v. Strength;
     2 tejas (n.): v. Spirit.

VIKING: v. Pirate.

VILE: jaghanya (f. nyā): v. Low, base,

VILELY: jaghanyam: v. Lowly, basely.

VILENESS: jaghanyatā -tvam: v. Lowness, baseness.

VILIFICATION: kutsanam: v. Deformation, calumny.

VILIFIER: kutsayitṛ (f. trī): v. Defamer, detractor.

VILIFY: kutsayati (kuts, c. 10.): v. To defame.

VILLA: grāmyaṃ gṛham, and sim. comp. s (?).

VILLAGE (subs.):
     1 grāmaḥ, head of a v.: grāmādhyakṣaḥ, V. s.; grāmaṇīḥ, M. n.; head of ten v. s: daśādhyakṣyaḥ, V. s.

VILLAGE (adj.):
     1 grāma- in comp., v. priest: grāmayājakaḥ;
     2 grāmya (f. myā);
     3 grāmīṇa (f. ṇā), v. women: grāmīṇavadhvaḥ, Si. xiii. 37.;
     4 grāmīyaḥ (yā yaṃ);
     5 grāmikaḥ (f. ).

VILLAGER:
     1 grāmin (m.);
     2 grāmikaḥ;
     3 grāmavāsin (m.) and sim. comp. s;
     4 by adj., saw v. s drinking spirit: grāmyānapaśyat kapiśaṃ pipāsataḥ, Si. xii. 38.; invited by the v. s: grāmīṇairnimantritāḥ, P. v. 5.

VILLAIN: durvṛtta (f. ttā): v. Rogue.

VILLAINOUS: durvṛtta (f. ttā): v. Roguish, wicked.

VILLAINY, VILLAINOUSNESS: durvṛttatā: v. Roguery, wickedness.

VILLEIN:
     1 dāsaḥ (= slave);
     2 prajāḥ (= subject).

VINDICATE:
     1 pratipādayati (c. of pad = establish: q. v.);
     2 pramāṇīkaroti (= to prove);
     3 rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1. = defend);
     4 samarthayati (arth, c. 10. = support).

VINDICATION:
     1 pratipādanam;
     2 pramāṇīkaraṇam;
     3 parirakṣaṇam;
     4 samarthanam, for dif.: v. To vindicate.

VINDICATOR, -Y:
     1 pratipādaka (f. dikā);
     2 parirakṣaka (f. kṣikā);
     3 samarthayitṛ (f. trī); etc.

VINDICTIVE: pratikāraparāyaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Revengeful.

VINDICTIVELY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

VINDICTIVENESS:
     1 pratikāraparāyaṇatā;
     2 pratijighāṃsatā; etc.

VINE (subs.): drākṣā -latā, mountain v.: parvatajā drākṣā, Bha.

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VINERY: drākṣāgṛham, and sim. comp. s ?.

VINEGAR
     1 śuktam, v. is digestive: śuktaṃ pācanam, Bha.;
     2 cukram;
     3 śauktikam.

VINEYARD:
     1 drākṣāvāṭikā;
     2 drākṣākṣetram, etc.

VINOUS:
     I Of vine: by comp. s.: v. spirit: drākṣāriṣṭam, Bha.
     II Wine: by comp.: v. wine.

VINTAGE:
     I Produce: drākṣā.
     II Season: drākṣāharaṇakālaḥ and sim. comp. s.

VINTNER:
     1 madyavikretṛ (f. trī) and sim. comp. s.;
     2 śauṇḍika (f. = caste).

VIOLATE:
     I To transgress, break: q. v.: laṅghayati ut- (laṅgh, c. 10.).
     II To ravish, defile: q. v.: dharṣayati, (dhṛṣ, c. 10.).

VIOLATION:
     I Transgression: q. v.:
     1 laṅghanam ut-;
     2 vyatikramaḥ;
     3 bhaṅgaḥ (= breach).
     II Defilement, rape: q. v.: dharṣaṇā.

VIOLATOR:
     I Transgressor: ullaṅghaka (f. ghikā).
     II Defiler: q. v.: dharṣaka (f. rṣikā).

VIOLENCE:
     I Force, strength: q. v.: balam.
     II Vehemence, speed: q. v.: taras (n.).
     III
     V to chastity: balātkāraḥ.
     IV Any outrage:
     1 sāhasam, highest v.: uttamaṃ sāhasam, N. s.; one who abets v.: yaḥ sāhasaṃ kārayati, Y.;
     2 sahobalam (rare), Mit.

VIOLENT:
     I Vehement: pracaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā);
     2 ugra (f. grā): v. Sharp.;
     3 gāḍha (f. ḍhā): v. Deep;
     4 guru (f. also rvī): v. Heavy;
     5 prabala (f. ): v. Strong, powerful.
     II Outrageous: sāhasika (f. ). Ph.: v. end: dāruṇaḥ pariṇāmaḥ; v. death: apaghātaḥ.

VIOLENTLY: caṇḍam: v. Vehemently;
     2 pracaṇḍam;
     3 prasabham;
     4 ugram: v. Sharply;
     5 atīva; v. Exceedingly.

VIOLET (subs.):
     I The flower: puṣpaviśeṣaḥ.
     II A colour: nīlalohita (f. ?).

VIOLIN:
     1 sā(śā)raṅgī;
     2 pinākī.

VIPER: daṇḍaśukaḥ (lit. and fig.; (?).

VIRAGO:
     I A female warrior: strīyodhī.
     II A vixen: q. v.

VIRGIN (subs.):
     1 kumārī;
     2 kanyā (= girl).

VIRGIN (adj.):
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp.;
     2 kaumāra (f. : rare).
     II Fig.: śuddha (f. ddhā), vi-: v. Chaste, pure.

VIRGINITY:
     1 kaumāram, he who deprived my v.: yaḥ kaumāraharaḥ, Kav.;
     2 kumārītvam;
     3 kanyātvam.

VIRGO: the sign: kanyā -rāśiḥ.

VIRILE:
     1 puruṣa- in comp.;
     2 pauruṣa (f. ṣī);
     3 pauruṣeya (f. ).

VIRILITY: puṃstvam;
     2 puruṣatvam;
     3 puṃśaktiḥ; etc.

VIRTUAL:
     1 vāstava (f. );
     2 vāstavika (f. );
     3 by adv.

VIRTUALLY:
     1 vastutaḥ;
     2 yathārthataḥ (= really, truly: q. v.).

VIRTUE:
     I In gen:
     1 dharmaḥ, v. and vice: dharmādharmau, Par. 161.; riches alone (will be) the show of all v. s: dhanamevāśeṣadharmahetuḥ, V. p. iv. 24. 22.;
     2 puṇyam (as opposed to sin.).
     II Excellence, merit: q. v.: guṇaḥ.
     III Strength, power: q. v.: śaktiḥ.

VIRTUOUS:
     I Of men:
     1 dhārmika (f. );
     2 karmaśīla (f. );
     3 sādhu (f. also dhvī = good);
     4 puṇyātman (mfn.); etc. Ph.: a v. woman: satī: v. Chaste.
     II Of acts etc.:
     1 dharmya (f. rmyā);
     2 puṇya (f. ṇyā);
     3 sādhu (f. also dhvī); etc.

VIRTUOUSLY:
     1 dharmataḥ;
     2 dharmeṇa;
     3 dharmānusāreṇa; etc.

VIRULENCE:
     1 kaṭutā: v. Bitterness;
     2 ugratā: v. Sharpness.

VIRULENT:
     1 ugra (f. grā): v. Sharp;
     2 kaṭu (mfn. = bitter).

VIRULENTLY:
     1 ugram: v. Sharply;
     2 caṇḍam: v. Violently.

VIRUS: viṣam (= poison: q. v.).

VISAGE:
     1 āsyam: v. Face;
     2 ākāraḥ: v. Countenance.

VISCERA: antrāṇi (n. pl.), to remove the v.: nirantrayati (nomi.).

VISCID, VISCOUS:
     1 śyāna (f. );
     2 sāndra (f. ndrā);
     3 śīna (f. : rare).

VISCIDITY:
     1 śyānatā;
     2 sāndratā;
     3 śīnatā (rare).

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VISIBILITY:
     1 dṛśyatā;
     2 dṛṣṭigamyatā;
     3 dṛggocaratā; etc.

VISIBLE:
     1 dṛśya (f. śyā);
     2 dṛggocara (f. );
     3 dṛṣṭigamya (f. myā); etc.: v. To see, sight.

VISIBLY:
     I Lit.: pratyakṣam pratyakṣataḥ.
     II Apparently: q. v.: prakāśam.

VISION:
     I Sight: q. v.: dṛṣṭiḥ.
     II An apparition: chāyā: v. Shade, spectre.

VISIONARY (adj.):
     1 kālpanika (f. );
     2 avāstava (f. = unreal).

VISIT (subs.):
     1 sākṣātkāraḥ;
     2 darśanam saṃ- (= seeing);
     3 abhyāgamaḥ (= coming).

VISIT (v.):
     1 paśyati (dṛś, c. 1.): v. To see.;
     2 abhyeti (i, c. 2.): v. To come;
     3 sākṣātkaroti, you should be v. ed: tvameva sākṣātkaraṇīyaḥ, Si. i. 31.

VISITANT, VISITOR: abhyāgata (f. ): v. Guest.

VISITATION:
     I Visit: q. v.
     II Inspection: parīkṣaṇam.
     III Of nature etc. (in bad sense): durvipākaḥ.

VISTA: vīthī: v. Avenue.

VISUAL:
     1 dṛṣṭi- in comp.;
     2 dṛṣṭigata (f. );
     3 cākṣuṣa (f. ṣī).

VITAL:
     I Lit.: by comp., v. air: prāṇavāyuḥ ; v. Life, spirit. Ph.: v. part: marman (n.).
     II Essential, necessary: q. v.

VITALITY:
     1 jīvanam (= life: q. v.);
     2 sajīvatvam (as of plants);
     3 spanditam (of limbs).

VITALLY:
     I Lit.: expr. by circumlo.
     II Essentially, particularly: q. v.

VITALS:
     I Lit.: marmāṇi (n. pl.).
     II Fig.: ālambaḥ: v. Support.

VITIATE: dūṣayati (c. of duṣ): v. To corrupt, pollute, destroy.

VITIATION: dūṣaṇam: v. Corruption, pollution, destruction.

VITREOUS:
     1 kācaja (f. etc. = produced from glass);
     2 kācamaya (f. = consisting of glass.);
     3 kācāma (f. bhā etc. = resembling glass).

VITRIFY: kācīkaroti (?).

VITRIOL:
     I Blue:
     1 tuttham -kam;
     2 vitunnakam (rare).
     II Green:
     1 kāsī(śī)sam;
     2 puṣpakam (rare).

VITUPERATE: ākṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.): v. To censure, revile.

VITUPERATION: ākṣepaḥ: v. Censure, reproach.

VIVACIOUS: praphulla (f. llā): v. Lively, active.

VIVACIOUSLY:
     1 praphullabh: v. Cheerfully;
     2 tejasā (= vigorously).

VIVACIOUSNESS, VIVACITY:
     1 praphullatā (= cheerfulness);
     2 tejasvitā (= vigorousness).

VIVA-VOCE: v. examination: maukhikaparīkṣā.

VIVID:
     1 vicitra (f. trā = picturesque);
     2 viśada (f. = clear).

VIVIDLY: vicitram;
     2 viśadam;
     3 by circumlo.

VIVIFY: jīvayati (c. of jīv);
     2 sajīvīkaroti;
     3 jīvanaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.).

VIVIPAROUS:
     1 jarāyujaḥ (jā jaṃ), Sr.;
     2 jīvajaḥ (jā jaṃ), Up.

VIXEN:
     I A quarrelsome woman: kalahapriyā and sim. comp. s
     II A she-fox.

VIXENISH:
     1 khiṅkhirī;
     2 khikhivadhūḥ; etc.

VOCABLE:
     1 śabdaḥ (= word);
     2 vacanam (= term).

VOCABULARY:
     1 abhidhānam;
     2 koṣaḥ;
     3 śabdārṇavaḥ.

VOCAL:
     I Lit.:
     1 vāgviśiṣṭa (f. ṣṭā) and sim. comp. s (= endowed with voice);
     2 vācika (f. = oral: q. v.).
     II Sonorous: q. v.

VOCATION:
     1 vṛttiḥ;
     2 vyavasāyaḥ;
     3 karman (n.): v. Business.

VOCATIVE:
     1 sambodhanam;
     2 sambuddhiḥ.

VOCIFERATE: utkrośati (kruś, c. 1.): v. To shout, cry out.

VOCIFERATION: utkrośaḥ: v. Noise, shout.

VOCIFEROUS: mahāśabda (f. bdā) and sim. comp. s.: v. Noisy, tumultuous.

VOCIFEROUSLY: mahāśabdena: v. Noisily, tumultuously.

VOGUE: vyavahāraḥ, words in v.: vyavahṛtāḥ śabdāḥ; it is not in v. here: nātredṛśo vyavahāraḥ;
     2 rītiḥ (= fashion).

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VOICE:
     I In gen.: svaraḥ, the Brahmin's v. has been changed with fear: bhītibhinnasvaro brāhmaṇaḥ; it seems to be the distressed v. of Mādhavya, aye mādhavyasyevārtasvaraḥ, Sa. vi.
     II Opinion: matam, with one v.: aikyamatyena; he has no v. in the matter: na taddhastagatamidam.
     III In gram.: vācyam, active v.: kartṛvācyam; Passive v.: karmavācyam; reflective v.: karmakartṛvācyam; neuter v.: bhāvavācyam.

VOID (adj.):
     I Empty, vacant: q. v.: śūnya (f. nyā).
     II Devoid: q. v.: v. of anything: akiñcana (f. ).
     III Null, invalid:
     1 nirarthaka (f. );
     2 akiñcitkara (f. ), asiddha (f. ddhā). Ph.: such a document is v.: tadapramāṇaṃ likhitam, N. s.

VOID (subs.):
     1 śūnyam:
     2 riktam;
     3 śūnyaṃ sthānam; etc.

VOID (v.):
     I To empty: q. v.: śūnyīkaroti.
     II To nullify: niṣphalīkaroti.
     III To emit, discharge: q. v.: utsṛjati (sṛj, c. 6.). Ph.: to v. excrements:
     1 guvati (gu, c. 6.);
     2 hadati (had, c. 1.).

VOIDABLE: perh. nirasanīya (f. ), vivarjanīya (f. ), etc.

VOLATILE:
     I Passing into air: vāyupariṇāmaśīla (f. ) and sim. comp.s.
     II Fickle: q. v.: cañcala (f. ).

VOLATILITY:
     I Lit.: vāyupariṇāmaśīlatā.
     II Fickleness: cañcalatā.

VOLCANIC: expr. by comp. s. or circumlo.

VOLCANO: āgneyagiriḥ (?), jvālāmukhaḥ (?); and sim. comp.s.

VOLITION: saṃkalpaḥ: v. Will.

VOLLEY: varṣaḥ, v. of stones: aśmavarṣaḥ: v. Shower, discharge.

VOLUBILITY:
     I Lit.: cañcalatā.
     II Fluency: q. v.: vācālatā.

VOLUBLE:
     I Lit.: cañcala (f. ).
     II Fluent: q. v.: vācāla (f. ), Me. ii. 33. Ph.: having v. tongue: capalajihva (f. hvā).

VOLUME: Of books: khaṇḍa (mn.): v. Also book.
     II Of solids: antargataṃ ghanaphalam, Li. 176.
     III Collection, v. of smoke: dhūmāvaliḥ (), Ku.; dhūmasaṃhatiḥ, Ki.; v. of dust: dhūlipaṭalam; v. of water: amburāśiḥ.

VOLUMINOUS: vistīrṇa (f. rṇā): v. Large, extensive.

VOLUNTARILY:
     1 kāmataḥ;
     2 icchāpūrvakam;
     3 saṃkalpapuraḥsaram, etc.

VOLUNTARY: expr. by adv.: v. Also intention, spontaneous.

VOLUNTEER (subs.): svecchāsainikaḥ (?).

VOLUNTEER (v.): ayācitamarpayati (c. of ) or upānayati (, c. 1.).

VOLUPTUARY:
     1 viṣayāsakta (f. ktā);
     2 viṣayasaṅgin (f. );
     3 bhoganirata (f. ), etc.

VOLUPTUOUS:
     I Sensual, licentious: indriyasukhanirata (f. ) and sim. comp. s.
     II Luxurious, charming: q. v.: manohārin (f. ṇī).

VOLUPTUOUSLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

VOLUPTUOUSNESS:
     I Sensuality: indriyasukhaniratiḥ -āsaṅgaḥ, and sim. comp.s.
     II Luxuriousness, pleasantness: manohāritā.

VOLUTE: perh. āvartaḥ -nam.

VOMIT (v.):
     1 vamati (vam, c. 1.), v. ed blood: raktaṃ vavamuḥ, B.;
     2 chardayati (chard, c. 10.: rare), blood drunk and then v.ed: pītaccharditarakta-, Vi. i. 35. V. up:
     1 udvamati; udgirati (gṝ, c. 6.).

VOMIT: (subs.):
     I Matter vomited:
     1 vāntam;
     2 charditam (rare).
     II An emetic: vamanam, to give a v.: vamanaṃ dadāti or sim. vāmayati (c. of vam), Bha.

VOMITING (subs.): vamanam;
     2 vāntiḥ;
     3 chardanam or charditam (rare);
     4 vamathuḥ (rare).

VOMITIVE:
     1 vamanam (f. ), give a v.: vamanaṃ pāyayati, Sr.;
     2 vāntikara (f. );
     3 vāntida (f. ); etc.

VORACIOUS: ghasmara (f. ), the women of Madra are v.: ghasmarā madrikā iti, Mah.: v. Greedy, gluttonous.

VORACIOUSNESS, VORACITY:
     1 ghasmaratā;
     2 audarikatā: v. Also greediness, gluttony.

VORTEX:
     1 āvartaḥ;
     2 āvartanī;
     3 bhramiḥ.

VOTARY:
     1 bhakta (f. ktā);
     2 by comp., v. ies of Śiva: śaivāḥ: v. Also worshipper.

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VOTE: (subs.): no equiv.: sammatiḥ (= approval) may be used.

VOTE (v.):
     I To give v.: sammatiṃ dadāti (, c. 3.: (?).
     II To elect: q. v.: vṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.).
     III To provide, supply: q. v.: upakalpayati (kḷp, c. 10.).

VOTER: sammatidāyin (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

VOTIVE: bhaktipūrvamupāhṛta (f. = offered) or samāhita (f. = put).

VOUCH:
     I To call upon to witness: sākṣīkaroti.
     II To attest, confirm: q. v.: draḍhayati (nomi.).

VOUCHER: Lit.
     I expr. by verb.
     II A document: pramāṇapatram.

VOUCHSAFE:
     I To permit: q. v.: anujānāti (jñā, c. 9.).
     II To deign, condescend: q. v.: prasīdati (sad, c. 1.).

VOW (subs.):
     1 vrataḥ -tam (= religious), breach of v.: vratabhaṅgaḥ, K.;
     2 saṃkalpaḥ (= resolution);
     3 pratijñā (= promise).

VOW (v.): pratijñāṃ karoti, Arjuna v. ed his death: gāṇḍīvinā tasya vadhaḥ pratijñātaḥ, Ve. ii.: v. To promise.

VOWEL:
     1 svaraḥ, short v.: hnasvasvaraḥ;
     2 ac (t. t), ending in a v.: ajanta (f. ntā), S. k.

VOYAGE (subs.):
     1 samudrayānam (by sea);
     2 jalayātrā (by water).

VOYAGE (v.): expr. by subs.

VULGAR:
     1 grāmya (f. myā = rustic), you will know that men are not v.: agrāmyatāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ jñāsyasi, K.; although the words......are v.: atra......śabdā grāmyā api, Kav. vii.;
     2 asabhya (f. bhyā = not civilized);
     3 jaghanya (f. nyā = low, mean).

VULGARISM:
     I Of manners: grāmyā rītiḥ, Kav. ix. 13. Of words: grāmyaḥ śabdaḥ.

VULGARITY:
     1 grāmyatvam;
     2 asabhyatā;
     3 jaghanyatā: v. Vulgar.

VULGARLY:
     I Commonly: q. v.: sādhāraṇataḥ.
     II Meanly, lowly: expr. by comp.

VULGARIZE:
     1 grāmyīkaroti.

VULNERABLE:
     1 bhedya (f. dyā);
     2 dhṛṣya (f. ṣyā = assailabe). Ph.: v. point or part: chidram or randhram; well guarding all v. points: suniśchidram, Ka. xviii. 25.

VULPINE:
     I Lit.: by comp.: v. Fox, jackal.
     II Artful, crafty: dhūrta (f. rtā).

VULTURE:
     I Lit.:
     1 gṛdhraḥ;
     2 śakunaḥ (comp., śaguna in B.).
     II Fig.: perh. gṛdhraḥ (from gṛdh: comp. ebhirmantrivakairyūṣmattaścauryārjitaṃ dhanam, D. viii.

VULTURINE:
     1 comp.;
     2 gādhra (f. ghrī: rare).


WAD:
     I Subs.: loṣṭam (?).
     II Verb: loṣṭayati (nomi: (?).

WADDLE:
     1 khelati (khel, c. 1. = play);
     2 carati (car, c. 1. = move). W.ing: haṃsagati (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

WADE: kaṣṭena gacchati (gam, c. 1. = to go: q. v.) or tarati (tṝ, c. 1. = cross: q. v.).

WAFER: no equiv.: vaibhāram.

WAFT:
     I To drive: q. v.: vāhayati (c. of vah).
     II To float: q. v.: plavate (plu, c. 1.).

WAG (v. t.):
     1 cālayati (c. of cal = move), w. ging of tail: lāṅgūlacālanam, H. ii. 42.;
     2 vidhūnayati (dhū, c. 10. = shake), by w.ging their tails: lāṅgūlavidhūnanaiḥ, M. n. on Ku. i. 13.

WAG (v. i.):
     1 calati (cal, c. 1. = move);
     2 dhuvati (dhū, c. 6. = shake).

WAGER:
     I Subs.:
     1 paṇaḥ, counter w.: pratipaṇaḥ, Mah. ii. 60. 7.;
     2 glahaḥ, description of different kinds of w. s: glahaprabhedavarṇanam, D. ii.
     II Verb.:
     1 paṇate (paṇ, c. 1.), one who has no property cannot w. another's property: asvo hyaśaktaḥ paṇituṃ parasvam, Mah. ii. 67. 47.;
     2 glahate (glah, c. 1.), Mah. ii. 61. 1.

WAGES:
     I Lit.: vetanam: v. Salary.
     II Fig.: mūlyam: v. Price.

WAGGERY: v. Roguery, criticism.

WAGGISH: v. Mischievous, frolicsome, witty.

WAGON: pravahaṇam: v. Cart, carriage.

WAGTAIL: a bird:
     1 khañjanaḥ;
     2 khañjakhelaḥ;
     3 khañjarīṭaḥ.

[Page 752]

WAIF: abhijñātasvāmikaṃ or asvāmikaṃ dravyam.

WAIL: śocati (śuc, c. 1.): v. To lament, bewail.

WAILING (subs.): paridevanam: v. Lamentation, cry.

WAIN: govahanam: v. Cart, carriage.

WAINSCOT: no equiv.: phalakinī may be used.

WAIST: madhya (mn.), having slender w.: kṛśamadhya or tanumadhya (f. dhyā), M. n. on Ku. i. 39.

WAISTCOAT: no equiv.: uraścolaḥ may be used.

WAIT (v.):
     1 prati- īkṣate apa- (īkṣ, c. 1.), w. for a short time: kālaḥ kaścit pratīkṣyatām, Ku. ii. 54.;
     2 prati-pālayati pari- anu-, (pāl, c. 10.), where will you w. for me: kva punarmāṃ bhavatyaḥ pratipālayiṣyanti, V. i.;
     3 tiṣṭhati (sthā, c. 1. = to stay: q. v.);
     4 sahate (sah, c. 1. = bear up), w. for two months: sahasva māsadvayam, D. i.

WAIT ON or UPON:
     I To attend:
     1 upatiṣṭhate (sthā, c. 1.), I will w. on the king: upasthāsyāmi rājānam, Mah. iv. 2. 1.;
     2 upa-āste anu- (ās, c. 2.), w. ed on by Arundhatī: anvāsitamarundhatyā, R. i. 56.;
     3 upacarati (car, c. 1.);
     4 sevate upa-, (sev, c. 1.).
     II To await: q. v.

WAITER:
     I An attendant: pariveṣaka (f. ṣikā).
     II A tray: q. v.

WAIVE: tyajati pari-, (tyaj, c. 1.): v. To relinquish, abandon.

WAIVER: in law: ākṣepaḥ: v. Abandonment.

WAKE (subs.):
     I Lit.: jāgaraṇam.
     II Track: padavī.

WAKE (v.):
     I Trans.: prabodhayati (c. of budh): v. To awake, arouse.
     II Intrans.: budhyate pra- vi- (budh, c. 4.): v. To awake.

WAKEFUL:
     1 jāgarūka (f. );
     2 jāgaraṇaśīla (f. ); etc.

WAKEFULNESS:
     1 jāgaraṇam;
     2 jāgaryā;
     3 jāgarūkatvam -tā; etc.

WALK (v.): pādābhyāṃ carati (car, c. 1.), gacchati (gam. c. 1.) or krāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To go, to move. W. to and fro: parikrāmati.

WALK, WALKING (subs.): pādacāraḥ: and sim. comp.s. W. about: parikramaḥ -ṇam, W. for amusement: vihāraḥ or viharaṇam.

WALKER: pādacārin (f. ṇī) and sim. comp. s: v. Above.

WALL:
     I Of a house:
     1 bhittiḥ;
     2 kṛḍyam.
     II An inclosing w.:
     1 prākāraḥ;
     2 varaṇaḥ;
     3 sālaḥ. Ph.: (a) to drive to the w.: avasādayati (c. of sad); (b) to go to the w.: avasīdati (sad, c. 1.).

WALL (v.): prākāreṇa āvṛṇoti (vṛ, c. 5.): v. To surround.

WALLET:
     1 goṇī (= sack);
     2 bhastrā (= bag).

WALLOW:
     1 luṭhati (luṭh, c. 1. = roll);
     2 krīḍati (krīḍ, c. 1. = sport).

WALNUT:
     I The tree: akṣoṭaḥ (also ākhoṭaḥ).
     II The fruit: akṣoṭam.

WALRUS: nakraḥ (?).

WALTZ (subs.):
     I A dance: pratilomānulomatvam; *āvartanam.
     II A music: *āvartanasaṅgītam.

WALTZ (v.): expr. by subs. and karoti.

WAN: vivarṇa (f. rṇā): v. Pale, languid.

WAND:
     1 daṇḍaḥ;
     2 yaṣṭiḥ;
     3 vetram.

WANDER:
     1 bhramati or bhrāmyati pari- (bhram, c. 1. and 4.), w. ed about the world: paribabhrāma medinīm, V. p.;
     2 aṭati (aṭ, c. 1.), w.ing through forest again and again: aṭāṭyamāno'raṇyānīm, B. iv. 2.

WANDERER:
     1 bhramaṇakārin (f. ṇī), pari-;
     2 paribhrāmaka (f. mikā) etc.

WANE (subs.):
     1 hrāsaḥ;
     2 kṣayaḥ: v. Decrease, decay.

WANE (v.):
     1 hasamupaiti (i, c. 2.);
     2 kṣayaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.); etc.

WANING (adj.):
     1 by comp., w. fortnight: kṣayapakṣaḥ, Ki. ii. 27.;
     2 kṣayin (f. ṇī);
     3 hrāsagāmin (f. ); etc.

WANNESS: vivarṇatāḥ Paleness, languor.

WANT (subs.):
     I Destitution, absence:
     1 abhāvaḥ, w. of money: dhanābhāvaḥ;
     2 rāhityabh;
     3 rahitatā tvam;
     4 hīnatā tvam. N. B.
     2 to
     4 chiefly in comp.
     II Indigence, poverty: q. v.: dāridryam.
     III Anything wanted: abhāvaḥ, to supply w. s: abhāvaṃ pūrayati.
     IV Need: prayojanam.

WANT (v.):
     I To be without: hīyate pari- (pass. of ), nothing is w.ing in you: āryasya kimapi na parihāsyate, Sa. i.; w.ing in riches: dhanahīna (f. ): v. Devoid of.
     II To require, need:
     1 apekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.), that it would w. other visible illustrations: yenānyatra dṛṣṭa nidarśanamapekṣeta, S. i. 4.;
     2 ākāṅkṣati (kāṅkṣ, c. 1.), here it w. s apekṣitum: atra upekṣitumityākāṃṅkṣati, Kav. vii.
     III To long for, wish: q. v.: vṛṇoti or vṛṇute (vṛ, c. 5.), whatever she w. ed she found brought to her: yadeva vavre tadapaśyadāhṛtam, R. iii. 6.

WANTON (adj.):
     I Sportive: vilāsin (f. specially of men).
     II Unrestrained: aniyantrita (f. ).
     III Luxuriant: pracura (f. ).

WANTON (v.): vilasati (las, c. 1.), w. ed with her: tayā saha vilalāsa, H.

WANTONLY:
     I In gen.: savilāsam.
     II Without restraint: aniyantritam.

WANTONNESS:
     1 vilāsaḥ;
     2 vilāsitā: v. Also sportiveness.

WAR (subs.):
     1 saṃgrāmaḥ;
     2 samaraḥ;
     3 raṇam;
     4 samprahāraḥ;
     5 saṃyugaḥ;
     6 ājiḥ;
     7 samparāyaḥ;
     8 vigrahaḥ: v. Also battle. Ph.: w. cry.:
     1 siṃhanādaḥ;
     2 kṣveḍā or kṣveḍitam -nādaḥ; etc.

WAR (v.):
     1 vigṛhvāti (grah, c. 9.: lit. and fig.);
     2 saṃgrāmayati -te (rare);
     3 saṃgrāmaṃ karoti, etc.: v. Also to fight.

WARBLE: kūjati (kūj, c. 1.): v. To sing.

WARBLER: expr. by verb: v. Also singer.

WARD (subs.):
     I Custody, protection: q. v.: rakṣā.
     II Opposed to guardian: perh. rakṣito bālaḥ.
     III Of a town etc.: vibhāgaḥ.
     IV In fencing: apasāraṇam.

WARD (v.): nivārayati (vṛ, c. 10.): v. To prevent, dispel.

WARDEN: rakṣaka (f. kṣikā): v. Keeper, guard.

WARDER:
     1 rakṣaka (f. kṣikā = guard);
     2 dauvārika (f. = gatekeeper: q. v.).

WARDROBE:
     I A closet; vastrādhānam, and sim. comp. s.
     II Clothes: q. v.: vāsāṃsi (n. pl.).

WARE, WARES: paṇyam: v. Commodity, goods.

WAREHOUSE: *paṇyādhānam dravyanidhānam and sim. comp.s.

WARFARE: yuddham: v. War, battle.

WARILY, WARINESS: v. Cautiously, cautiousness.

WARLIKE:
     I Disposed to war:
     1 raṇapriya (f. ), yuddhadurmada (f. ) and sim. comp.s.;
     2 yuyutsu (mfn. = desirous of w.).
     II Military: q. v.: sāṃgrāmika (f. ).

WARM (adj.):
     I Hot: q. v.: tapta (f. ptā).
     II Fig.: caṇḍa (f. ṇḍā): v. Vehement, sharp.
     III Rich: q. v. Ph.: to be or feel w.: gharmamanubhavati.

WARM (v. t.): tāpayati -te pra- saṃ-, (c. of tap), w. yourself: svagātrāṇi pratāpayasva, P. iii. 19.: v. To heat.

WARM (v. i.): fig.:
     1 dīpyate (dīp, c. 4.);
     2 by adj.

WARM-HEARTED:
     1 saralahṛdaya (f. );
     2 sahṛdaya (f. ).

WARMLY:
     I Lit.: uṣṇam.
     II Vehemently: caṇḍam.
     III Cordially: sāgraham.

WARMTH:
     I Heat: q. v.: uttāpaḥ.
     II Vehemence: q. v.: caṇḍatā.
     II Zeal, enthusiasm: q. v.: utsāhaḥ.

WARN:
     1 satarkayati (nomi.: (?);
     2 upadiśati (diś, c. 6. = advice).

WARNING:
     1 satarkaḥ (?);
     2 upadeśaḥ (= advice: q. v.).

WARP (subs.): tānaḥ, V. d. i.
     I 24.

WARP (v.):
     I Trans.: āvartayati (c. of vṛt): v. To turn, bend, deprave.
     II Intrans.: āvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

WARRANT (subs.):
     I Authority: kṣamatā.
     II The writ: kṣamatāpatram (?).

WARRANT (v.):
     I To authorize: kṣamatāṃ dadāti.
     II To justify: samarthayati (artha, c. 1.).
     III To assure: q. v.

WARRANTY: perh. pratyayapatram and sim. comp. s.

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WARREN:
     1 śaśakabhūmiḥ etc. (for rabbits: (?).

WARRIOR:
     1 bhaṭaḥ;
     2 yodhaḥ;
     3 yoddhṛ (m.): v. Also hero.

WART: kiṇaḥ (= scar, corn).

WARY: apramata (f. ttā): v. Cautious, careful.

WASH (v.):
     1 dhāvate or dhāvayati (dhāv, c. 1. and 10.), w. (his) feet: pādau dhāvasva, Mr. iii.;
     2 kṣālayati pra- (kṣāl, c. 10.), w. ing in water: jalakṣālanam, K.; to w. out infamy: ayaśaḥ prakṣālayati, Mah.;
     3 nenekti or nejayati nir- (nij, c. 3. and 10.: rare).

WASH (subs.):
     I W.ing.:
     1 dhāvanam;
     2 kṣālaṇam pra-;
     3 nejanam nir-.
     II A lotion: lepaḥ vi- ā-.
     III Marsh, fen: q. v.

WASHHAND BASIN: hastadhāvanabhājanam, and sim. comp.s.

WASHHAND STAND: dhāvanabhājanādhāraḥ, and sim. comp. s. (?).

WASHERMAN:
     1 rajakaḥ;
     2 nejakaḥ nir-, Y. ii. 141.;
     3 vastradhāvakaḥ.

WASHERWOMAN:
     1 rajakī;
     2 rajakavadhūḥ; etc.; v. Above.

WASP:
     1 varaṭā;
     2 gandholī.

WASPISH: Irritable, passionate.

WASTE (v. t.):
     I To wear, impair:
     1 kṣiṇoti pari- ava- pra- saṃ- (kṣi, c. 5.), without w. ing the body: tanumakṣiṇvan, M. ii. 100.; he is to be w. d.: parikṣīyata evāsau, H. ii. 95.;
     2 avacinoti (ci, c. 5.), if (it) is afterwards w. d.: arvāk cedapacīyate, Mit.
     II To ruin, destroy: q. v.: kṣiṇoti, it does not w. the reputation of warriors: na tadyaśaḥ śastrabhṛtāṃ kṣiṇoti, R. ii. 40.
     III To squander: q. v.: kṣapayati (c. of kṣi), when the night was w. d: atha kṣīṇāyāṃ kṣapāyām, K.: v. To pass, spend, throw away.

WASTE (v. i.):
     1 kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi);
     2 apacīyate, (pass. of ci);
     3 kṣayaṃ yāti (, c. 2.); etc., it gradually w.s: stokaṃ stokaṃ kṣayaṃ yāti, Mr. x. 2.

WASTE (subs.):
     I In gen.:
     1 kṣayaḥ, in the case of immoveables shall be made to pay the w.: sthāvarasya kṣayaṃ dāpyaḥ, N. s.;
     2 apacayaḥ, increase and w.: upacayāpacayau, Mit.;
     3 apavyayaḥ (= squandering);
     4 kṣepaḥ (= throwing away).
     II W. land:
     1 khilam, cultivation of w.: khilakarṣaṇam, Viv.;
     2 khilabhūmiḥ and sim. comp. s.

WASTE (adj.): Of lands: (land) that lies w. for one year is half-w.: ekavarṣapatitamardhakhilam, Viv.: v. Waste (subs.: II.).
     II Desolate, empty, desert: q. v.

WASTEFUL:
     1 apavyayin (f. );
     2 vṛthāvyayin (f. ); etc.: v. Prodigal.

WASTE-PIPE:
     1 pari(rī)vāhaḥ;
     2 ucchiṣṭajalanālī.

WATCH (subs.):
     I Keeping awake: jāgaraṇam.
     II Protection: q. v.: rakṣā.
     III Guard: q. v.: rakṣin (m.).
     IV Of time:
     1 praharaḥ;
     2 yāmaḥ.
     V A time-piece: kālamāpaḥ.

WATCH (v.):
     I To observe: avadhatte (dhā, c. 3.).
     II To tend, wait on: q. v.: upāste (ās, c. 2.).
     III To guard, protect: rakṣati (rakṣ, c. 1.).

WATCH (v. i.):
     I To be awake: jāgarti (jāgṛ, c. 2.: lit. and fig.).
     II To wait: q. v.: pratīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.). To w. over: paryavekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.): v. To look into.

WATCHFUL:
     I Of men: v. Wakeful.
     II Of nights etc.: jāgara- or prajāgara- in comp.

WATCHFULLY:
     1 sajāgaram: v. Also carefully, cautiously.

WATCH-HOUSE, WATCH-BOX:
     1 udghāṭaḥ (?);
     2 piṭharam (?).

WATCH-MAKER: kālamāpakāra (f. ) and sim. comp.s.

WATCHMAN:
     1 rakṣin (f. ṇī), ā-;
     2 rakṣaka (f. kṣikā);
     3 praharin (f. ṇī).

WATCHWORD: perh. pratyayavāc (f.): v. Also signal.

WATER (subs.): Lit.:
     1 jalam, cool w.-drinking: śītalajalapānam; rain-w.: vṛṣṭijalam; sea-w.: sāmudraṃ jalam; how to purify bad w.: duṣṭajalasya nirdoṣīkaraṇopāyaḥ, Bha.;
     2 vāri (n.);
     3 ambu (n.);
     4 salilam;
     5 āpaḥ (f. pl.);
     6 udakam;
     7 ambhas (n.);
     8 payas (n.);
     9 toyam;
     10 nīram;
     11 pānīyam. Ph.: by land and w.: sthalena ca jalena ca; it will not hold w.: tadapi pramāṇakoṭiṃ praveṣṭumiṣṭe, D. s. l.; first w.: anargheyo maṇiḥ (?), V. m. 82. 5.
     II Urine: q. v.: prasrāvaḥ, to make w.: prasrāvaṃ or mūtraṃ karoti, An.

WATER (v. t.):
     I To wet with w.: (jalena salilena, etc.) siñcati abhi- pra-, (sic, c. 6.), is w. ing the Mādhavi plant: mādhavīlatāṃ siñcati, Sa. i.; richly w. ed with tears: āpyāyitā netrajalaprasekaiḥ, B. xi. 5.; these trees have been w. ed: udakaṃ lambhitā ete vṛkṣāḥ, Sa. i.
     II To give w.: jalam etc. pāyayati (c. of ); he w. ed the horses: hayān pāyayāmāsa vāri saḥ, Mah. vii. 100. 15.; place for w. ing horse: aśvānāmudapānam, Mah. vii. 99. 58.

WATER (v. i.):
     I Of the eyes: vāri muñcati (muc, c. 6.).
     II Of the mouth: lālāyate (nomi.).

WATER-CARRIER:
     1 jalavāhakaḥ;
     2 udavāhaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

WATER-CLOCK: kapālayantram, Su. xiii. 23.

WATER-CLOSET: *śaucakoṣṭhaḥ.

WATER-CRESS: śākabhedaḥ.

WATERED: well w.: jalabhūyiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) and sim. comp. s; w. by rivers: nadīmātṛka (f. ).

WATERFALL:
     1 prapātaḥ;
     2 jalaprapātaḥ.

WATER-FOWL, WATER-HEN: jalakukkuṭaḥ (f. ṭī).

WATERING-PLACE:
     I Lit.: prapā.
     II A sanatorium: jalasevanam ().

WATER-LILY: kamalam: v. Lotus.

WATERMAN:
     I Boat-man: nāvikaḥ.
     II Water-carrier: q. v.

WATER-MELON:
     I The fruit:
     1 goḍumbam;
     2 seṭu (n.); tarambujam.
     II The plant:
     1 goḍumbaḥ;
     2 seṭuḥ.

WATER-MILL: jalaprāṇaṃ cakram jalacalacakram. etc.

WATER-POT:
     1 ghaṭaḥ;
     2 kamaṇḍaluḥ;
     3 kalasaḥ (large w.).

WATERPROOF: jalābhedya (f. dyā) and sim. comp. s.

WATER-SNAKE:
     1 jalavyālaḥ;
     2 jalasarpaḥ; etc.

WATERSPOUT:
     1 udavajraḥ (?);
     2 jalastambhaḥ (?, Akshoy).

WATERWHEEL: ghaṭīyantram (?).

WATERWORKS: perh. jalakarman (n.) or jalīyakarman and sim. comp.s.

WATERY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 jalamaya (f. ) and sim. comp. s. (= consisting of, abounding in, water);
     3 jalīya (f. ) etc. (= of w.).

WATTLE:
     I Hurdle: kāṣṭhabandhaḥ.
     II Of cocks: phullam.

WAVE (subs.):
     1 taraṅgaḥ, large w. s.: vṛhatastaraṅgān, R.;
     2 ūrmiḥ, w. crowned: ūrmimālin (f. );
     3 bhaṅgiḥ: v. Also billow.

WAVE (v. t.):
     1 dhūnayati (dhū, c. 10. = shake: q. v.);
     2 cālayati (c. of cal = move: q. v.).

WAVE (v. i.):
     1 dhūyate (pass. of dhu.): v. Shake;
     2 calati (cal, c. 1.): v. To move.

WAVER: dolāyate (nomi.), with w. ing mind: dolāyamānacetasā; w. ing: akṛtaniścaya (f. = unsettled, unsteady: q. v.): v. Also to reel.

WAVY:
     1 taraṅgita (f. ), w. bank: taraṅgitaṃ saikatam, Ki. iv. 6.; making the banners w.: taraṅgitālambitaketusantatiḥ, Ki. xiv. 28.;
     2 ūrmimat (f. );
     3 ūrmimālin (f. );
     4 bhaṅgimat (f. ), M. n.; etc.

WAX (subs.):
     I Of bees:
     1 siktham;
     2 madhūcchiṣṭam.
     II For sealing: lākṣā.
     III Of the ear:
     1 toknam;
     2 karṇamalam.

WAX (v.):
     I Intrans.: vardhate (vṛdh, c. 1.): v. To increase.
     II Trans.: limpati (lip, c. 6.): v. To besmear.

WAXEN, WAXY:
     1 sikthamayaḥ (yī yaṃ = made of wax);
     2 sikthākta (f. ktā = coated with wax.);
     3 sikthāma (f. bhā = like w.).

WAY:
     I Road:
     1 mārgaḥ, to give w.: mārgaṃ dadāti, Mr. x.; to lead the w.: mārgamādiśati, Sa. v.;
     2 panthāḥ, tell me the w. which leads to the hermitage of Agastya: agastyāśramasya panthānaṃ brūhi, U. ii.; tread in improper w. s.: apathe padamarpayanti, R. ix. 74.;
     3 adhvan (m.), going a little w.: gatvā kañcidadhvānam, K.; accidentally in the w.: adhvani daivayogāt, R. v. 60.;
     4 vartman (n.), one who has lost his w.: pranaṣṭavartman (mfn.), K.; women go the w. of their husbands: pramadāḥ pati- vartmagāḥ, Ku. iv. 33. Ph.: I have come such a long w.: etāvatīṃ bhūmibhāyātaḥ, K.; this w. your majesty: ito ito devī, V. ii.; did you not see (meet) the Queen on the w.: na khalvantare tvayā dṛṣṭā devī, Sa. vi.; make w.: antaramantaram, Mr. x.; which w. is the wretch gone: katamena digvibhāgena gataḥ sa jālmaḥ ? V. i.; right of w.: gamanādhikāraḥ.
     II Device: q. v.: upāyaḥ.
     III Manner, method: q. v.: prakāraḥ. Miscell.: in two, three, many w. s: dvidhā tridhā bahudhā; by w. of illustration: nidarśanarūpeṇa.

WAYFARER:
     1 pathikaḥ;
     2 adhvanīnaḥ;
     3 adhvanyaḥ;
     4 adhvagaḥ.

WAYLAY: pathi avaskandate (skand, c. 1. = attack: q. v.). or nibhṛtaṃ pratīkṣate (īkṣ, c. 1. = wait: q. v.).

WAYSIDE: expr. by comp., w. trees: mārgaśākhinaḥ R. i. 45.: v. Border.

WAYWARD: pratīpa (f. ): v. Perverse, wilful, forward.

WAYWORN:
     1 adhvaśrānta (f. ntā);
     2 adhvanā pariklānta (f. ntā), Ki. xi. 2.; and sim. comp. s.

WE: vayam. Ph.: here are we: ime smaḥ, Sa. iv.

WEAK:
     1 durbala (f. ), the strong would have roasted the w.: apakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ, M. vii. 20.; w. digestion: durbalo'gniḥ, Bha.;
     2 abala (f. ), eating their own w. brothers: abalasvakulāśinaḥ, N. ii. 10.;
     3 balahīna (f. ), S.;
     4 kṣīṇabala (f. ), Bha.; and sim. comp. s: v. Also feeble, slender, decay. Ph.: w. point: doṣaḥ (fault: q. v.), chidram (= hole: q. v.).

WEAKEN:
     1 durbalīkaroti;
     2 balakṣayaṃ karoti (with gen.);
     3 balaṃ harati (hṛ, c. 1. = remove: q. v.) or kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5. = waste: q. v.).

WEAKLY:
     I Adj.: kṣīṇabala (f. ): v. Weak.
     II Adv.:
     1 durbalam;
     2 by adj. or circumlo.: v. Also in vain.

WEAKNESS:
     I In gen.:
     1 durbalatā -tvam or daurbalyam, w. of a king: daurbalyaṃ rājñaḥ, M. viii. 171.; w. of the senses: indriyāṇāṃ daurbalyam, Bha.;
     2 abala (rare), strength and w. of the enemy: amitrabalābalam, M. n. on Si. ii. 36.;
     3 balahīnatā and sim. deriv. s.
     II Foible, fault: q. v.: vyasanam.

WEAL:
     I Welfare, happiness: q. v.: kṣemam. Ph.: for the public w.: prakṛtihitāya, Sa. vii.
     II Mark of a blow: kṣatacihnam.

WEALTH:
     I Riches:
     1 dhanam (= pro. money), what is the use of w. (to one) who does not give, does not eat: dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti nāśnute, H.;
     2 vasu (n. = 1), not only the w. of the monarch: vasu tasya vimorna kevalam, R.;
     3 vibhavaḥ;
     4 vaibhavam;
     5 aiśvaryam;
     6 sampattiḥ (= property);
     7 vittam (= 1).
     II Prosperity: q. v.

WEALTHY: mahādhana (f. ): v. Rich.

WEAN:
     I Lit.: stanyaṃ tyājayati pari- (c. of tyaj) or hāpayati pari- (c. of ) or visarjayati (c. of sṛj).
     II Fig.: viyojayati (yuj, c. 10) or vidhaṭayati (ghaṭ, c. 10.): v. To separate.

WEAPON:
     1 śastram, when victory was not intercepted by w. s.: śastrairavyadhīyamānavijayaḥ, Vi. v. 51.;
     2 astram (properly a missile), various w.: vividhamastram, Ki. xviii. 46.;
     3 āyudham;
     4 praharaṇam;
     5 hetiḥ (rare).

WEAR (subs.):
     I Waste: q. v.: kṣayaḥ pari- ava-.
     II Dress: q. v.: vāsas (n.).
     III Dam: bandhaḥ.

WEAR (v. t.):
     I To put on: q. v.: dharati or dhārayati (dhṛ, c. 1. and 10), ornaments worn by women during the life-time of their husbands: patyau jīvati yaḥ strībhiralaṅkāro dhṛto bhavet, Mit.; clothes etc., worn by a father.: pitṛdhṛtaṃ vastrādikam, Mit. Ph.: w. ing apparel: paridhānavāsas, (n.) and sim. comp. s.
     II To impair: kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.): v. Waste.

WEAR (v. t.): kṣīyate (pass. of kṣi): v. To waste.

WEAR OFF:
     1 naśyati (naś, c. 4.): v. Destroy;
     2 apagacchati (gam, c. 1.): v. To go away.

WEAR OUT:
     I By use:
     1 jīrṇīkaroti;
     2 jarjarīkaroti.
     II Intrans.: jīryati pari- (jṝ, c. 4.);
     2 jīrṇībhavati;
     3 jarjarībhavati.
     III To fatigue, tire: q. v.: sādayati ava- (c. of sad).

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WEARIED:
     1 klānta (f. ntā);
     2 pariśrānta (f. ntā): v. Fatigued.

WEARINESS:
     1 klamaḥ;
     2 klāntiḥ: Fatigue.

WEARISOME:
     1 śramajanana (f. );
     2 āyāsakara (f. );
     3 svedajanaka (f. nikā); etc.

WEARY (adj.):
     I Fatigued: q. v.: klānta (f. ntā).
     II Wearisome.

WEARY (v.): āyāsayati (c. of yas): v. To fatigue.

WEASAND: v. Windpipe, throat.

WEASEL:
     1 nakulaḥ;
     2 babhruḥ (rare).

WEATHER (v.):
     I To air: q. v.:
     II To sail to the windward of: prativātamatikrāmati (kram, c. 1.): v. To cross.
     III Fig.: tarati (ta, c. 1.): v. To cross, bear, sustain.

WEATHER (subs.):
     1 by circumlo.;
     2 kālaḥ (= time: q. v.);
     3 dinam. Ph.: bad w.: durdinam vārdalam; good w.: sudinam.

WEATHER-BEATEN:
     1 vātāhata (f. : by wind);
     2 bhañbhāhata (f. : by hurricane); etc.

WEATHERCOCK: vāyupradarśinī and sim. comp. s.

WEATHER-GLASS: vāyuyantram.

WEATHER-WISE: vātādilakṣaṇavida (mfn.) and sim. comp.s.

WEAVE: vyati pra- (ve, c. 1.), w. ing cloth: paṭaṃ vayantau, Mah. i. 3. 140.

WEAVER:
     1 tantu(ntra)vāyaḥ(paḥ);
     2 kuvi(pi)ndaḥ;
     3 paṭṭakāraḥ -kaḥ.

WEB:
     I gen.: jālam.
     II Of the eye: paṭalam.

WEB-FOOTED: jālapādaḥ (f. ); a w. animal: kaścijjālapādaḥ, D. i.

WED: pariṇayati (, c. 1.): v. To marry.

WEDDED: Fig.: āsakta (f. ktā): v. Attached.

WEDDING: vivāhaḥ: v. Marriage.

WEDLOCK: vivāhaḥ: v. Marriage.

WEDNESDAY:
     1 budhavāraḥ;
     2 budhavāsaraḥ;
     3 saumyavāraḥ.

WEED (subs.):
     I A noxious plant:
     1 kakṣaḥ, to take up w. s: kakṣamuddharati, M. vii. 110.;
     2 tṛṇādikam, R. t.;
     3 perh. agacchaḥ. (comp. Bengalee āgāchā).
     II Widow's dress: perh. kliṣṭanibasanam, D. v.; cīram or cīvaram (prop. rag).

WEED (v.): uddharati (dhṛ, c. 1.);
     2 nirdāti or -dyati (, c. 2. or do, c. 4.).

WEEDER:
     1 nirdātṛ (f. trī), M. vii. 110.;
     2 kakṣoddhartṛ (f. rtrī) and sim. comp. s.

WEEK: saptāham, every w.: saptahāt saptāhāt, Sr; w. -day: vāraḥ.

WEEKLY:
     I Adj.: sāptāhika (f. ).
     II Adv.: saptāhe saptāhe.

WEEN: manyate (man, c. 4.): v. To think.

WEEP:
     1 roditi pra- abhi- (rud, c. 2.), how will you get (her) w. ing: rudatā kuta eva labhyate, R. viii. 85.; embracing (me) w.ing: saruditaṃ pariṣvajya, D. iii.;
     2 vilapati (lap, c. 1. = bewail);
     3 aśrūṇi pātayati (= shed tears): v. Also to cry.

WEEPING (subs.):
     1 rodanam;
     2 ruditam;
     3 krandanam;
     4 kranditam;
     5 vilāpaḥ (= lamentation).

WEEPING-WILLOW: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ; namraśākhaḥ.

WEEVIL: kīṭaviśeṣaḥ *jālakīṭaḥ.

WEIGH (v. t.):
     I Lit.:
     1 tolayati or tūlayati (tul or tūl, c. 10.), if increases when w. ed: tulito yadi vardhate, N. s.;
     2 tulāyāṃ karoti or dhārayati (prop. in a balance), if truth is w. ed with thousand horse-sacrifices: aśvamedhasahasrāṇi satyañca tulayā dhṛtam, H. iv. 131.
     II As anchor: tolayati ut-: v. To lift, raise.
     III To ponder, consider: q. v.: vimṛśati (mṛś, c. 6.) Comp., w. down: v. To overcome, oppress.

WEIGH (v. i.): expr. by subs. or adj., The dove w. ed greater: gurutara eva kapota āsīt, Mah. iii. 197. 21.; what does it w.: kiṃbhārabhidam. Comp. w. upon: pīḍayati (pīḍ, c. 10.): v. To press, pain.

WEIGHING (subs.):
     I Lit.: tolanam.
     II Fig.: vigaṇanam -nā: v. Consideration.

WEIGHT:
     I For measuring: mānam ut-, true and false w. s: pūrṇāpūrṇe māne, P.; names of w. s: mānaparibhāṣā.
     II Heaviness, burden: q. v.: bhāraḥ, w. of iron: lohabhāraḥ, P.
     III Importance: q. v.: gurutvam.

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WEIGHTY: guru (f. also rvī): v. Heavy, important.

WEIR:
     1 bandhaḥ (?);
     2 yogaḥ (?), Mah.

WELCOME (adj.):
     I Lit.: svāgata (f. ).
     II Propitious, good: q. v.: śubha (f. bhā).

WELCOME (v.):
     1 sabhājayati (sabhāj, c. 10.): v. To greet;
     2 abhinandati (nand, c. 1.): v. To cheer, salute;
     3 satkaroti; pūjayati (pūj, c. 10.): v. To honour.

WELCOME (interj.): svagatam (with dat.).

WELCOME (subs.):
     I Lit.: svāgatam, w. to you sir: svāgatamāryāya, Mr. i.; bade him w.: tasmai svāgataṃ vyājahāra, Me. i. 4.
     II Fig.: sabhājanam: v. Greeting, salute, honour.

WELD: saṃyojayati (yuj, c. 10.): v. To unite.

WELFARE:
     1 kṣemam, tending to w.: kṣemaṅkara (f. ), B.;
     2 hitam (= good: q. v.);
     3 maṅgalam;
     4 kalyāṇam;
     5 kuśalam;
     6 śreyas (n.).

WELKIN: nabhas (n.): v. Sky.

WELL (subs.):
     1 kūpaḥ, blind w.: andhakūpaḥ, Va.; w.-maker: kūpakṛt, He.;
     2 andhuḥ (rare) Of a ship: guptiḥ.

WELL (adj.):
     1 kuśalin (f. ), is your preceptor w.: kuśalī guruste, R. v. 4.; is Chārudatta w.: api kuśalaṃ sārthavāhaputrasya, Mr. ix.;
     2 susthaśarīra (f. : in body): v. Healthy;
     3 sustha or svastha (f. sthā), in a few days you will hear your father is w. and recovered to his health: katipayaireva divasaiḥ punaḥ svāṃ prakṛtimāpannaṃ svasthaṃ śroṣyasi pitaram, C. v.

WELL (adv.):
     1 su- in comp., w.-born: sujāta (f. ); w.-bred: suśikṣita (f. ); w.-done: sukṛta (f. ); w.-favoured: sudarśana (f. ); w.-formed: surūpa (f. pa); w.-known: suprasiddha (f. ddhā); w.-read: svadhīta (f. ); etc.;
     2 suṣṭhu;
     3 sādhu (= w.-to-do);
     4 samyak. W. off: āḍhya (f. ḍhyā): v. Rich, prosperous.

WELL (interj.):
     1 vāḍham (=very well);
     2 no expr. when concessive, w., what next: tatastataḥ; w., be it so: bhavatu; w., I am going: mayā tāvadgamyate. Ph.: w.-done: i. e. admirable, sādhu sādhu; w.-affected, well-disposed: hitabuddhi (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.

WELL-BEING: kuśalam: v. Welfare.

WELL-INFORMED:
     1 bahujña (f. jñā);
     2 viśeṣavid (mfn.); etc.

WELL-MEANING:
     1 sadāśaya (f. );
     2 sadabhiprāya (f. ); etc.

WELL-NIGH: prāyeṇa: v. Nearly.

WELL-VERSED:
     1 samyagvinīta (f. );
     2 svadhītin (f. ); etc.

WELL-WISHER:
     1 hitaiṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 hitakāma (f. );
     3 śubhākāṅkṣin (f. ṇī); etc.

WELTER (v.): luṭhati (luṭh, c. 6.): v. To roll.

WEN: arvudam (?).

WENCH:
     1 bandhakī;
     2 puṃścalī;
     3 durvṛttā.

WENCH (v.): abhisarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. Also to fornicate.

WEND: to w. one's way: gacchati (gam, c. 1. = go, pass: q. v.) or āgacchati (= come: q. v.).

WEST:
     1 paścimā dik and sim. expr.s: v. Quarter;
     2 pratīcī;
     3 vāruṇī dik and sim. expr.s.

WEST, WESTERLY, WESTERN:
     1 paścima (f. ), in the w. sky: paścime nabhasi, Ki. ix. 5.;
     2 pāścātya (f. tyā), with the w. erns whose strength lay in horse: pāścātyairaśvasādhanaiḥ, R. iv. 62.;
     3 pratīcya (f. cyā) or rarely pratīcīna (f. ).

WESTWARD, -S: pratīcīmabhito diśam, Mah.; and sim. exprs.

WET (adj.):
     1 ārdra (f. rdrā), the hair being wet with rain: jalārdrālakā, Mr. v. 34.; by the w. track: ārdrapadapaṃktibhiḥ, R. ix. 59.;
     2 klinna (f. nnā), w. clothes: klinne vāsasī, Mr. v.

WET (subs.):
     I Wetness: ārdratā.
     II Rainy weather: durdinam.

WET (v.):
     1 ārdrīkaroti;
     2 kledayati saṃ- pra-, (c. of klid), and water does not w. him: na cainaṃ kledayantyāpaḥ, G. ii. 23.

WET-NURSE: stanyadātrī dhātrī, Viv.; and sim. comp.s.

WETHER: chinnavṛṣaṇo meṣaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

WETTISH:
     1 īṣadārdra (f. rdrā);
     2 āklinna (f. nnā), etc.

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WHALE: timiḥ, R. xiii. 10. N. B. timiṅgilaḥ = w. eater, a fabulous sea-monster.

WHALER: *timipotaḥ timigrahaḥ.

WHARF:
     1 ghaṭṭaḥ (?);
     2 umaḥ (?);
     3 gulmaḥ (?).

WHAT (interj.):
     1 kim, w. disgrace of Droṇa: kiṃ kiṃ bhāradvājasya paribhavaḥ, Ve.;
     2 katham, w. vying with me: kathaṃ mayā saha spardhate, Mu.;
     3 āḥ, w. is this also to be asked: āḥ idamapi kiṃ praṣṭavyaḥ, Pra.

WHAT (interro.): kim, w. kind, sort: kīdṛśaḥ (śī śaṃ); w. is his mother by caste: kimīyā jātyāsya mātā, D. viii.; w. then: tataḥ kim, K.; w. is (he) doing now: kiṃvyāpāraḥ samprati, Sa. vii.; w. is this trial for Rāvaṇa: daśakandharasya kaiṣā parīkṣā, B. r.; w. is his object in sending such a message: evaṃ sandiśatastasya ko'bhiprāyaḥ, K. s.

WHAT (rel.): that which: q. v.: yad......tad.

WHATEVER, WHATSOEVER:
     1 yad yad, w. sin: yadyatpāpam, Mah. i. 4.: v. Also soever.

WHEAL:
     I Mine: q. v.: khaniḥ.
     II Scar: kiṇaḥ.

WHEAT: godhūmaḥ (both the plant and grain).

WHEATEN:
     1 godhūma- in comp., w. powder: godhūmacūrṇam;
     2 godhūmamaya (f. ).

WHEEDLE: cāṭubhirvipralabhate (labh, c. 1.): v. To coax, flatter.

WHEEDLER, WHEEDLING: v. Flatterer, flattery.

WHEEL (subs.):
     1 cakram, two-w.ed carriage: dvicakraṃ yānam; potter's w.: kulālacakram;
     2 rathāṅgam (poet.).

WHEEL (v.):
     I Trans.: āvartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II Intrans.: āvartate (vṛt, c. 1.): v. To roll, revolve, turn.

WHEELBARROW: hastaṅgamaṃ cakram (?) and sim. expr. s.

WHEELWRIGHT: cakrakāra (f. : (?);
     2 rathakāra (f. ).

WHEEZE: saśabdam or ghoṣeṇa śvasiti (śvas, c. 2.), Sr.

WHELK: śaṅkhaviśeṣaḥ.

WHELP: śāvaḥ-kaḥ, lion's w.: siṃhaśāvaḥ; v. Young.

WHEN:
     I Rel.:
     1 yadā, w. (she) saw no other source for acquiring him: yadā tasyādhigame'nyaṃ vidhiṃ nāpaśyat, Ku.; w. I heard that Arjuna had won Draupadī: yadāśrauṣaṃ draupadīṃ nirjitāmarjunena, Mah.;
     2 by loc. absol. (when denoting sequence), w. Chandrāpīḍa said this: ityabhihitavati candrāpīḍe, K.; w. the night had declined: avasannāyāṃ rātrau, H.;
     3 yarhi (rare).
     II Interro.:
     1 kadā, w. did Paraśurāma conquer the heaven and the hell: kadā nu khalu paraśurāmo rasātalatridivayorjetā, B. r.; I donot know w.: na vedmi kadā..., Ku.

WHENCE:
     I Rel.:
     1 yataḥ, w. you apprehend disregard: viśaṅkase bhīru yato'vadhīraṇām, Sa. iii. 16.;
     2 yasmāt.
     II Interro.: kutaḥ, whence have you come: kuto bhavān, Mr. ii.;
     2 kasmāt.

WHENEVER, WHENSOEVER:
     1 yadā yadā;
     2 yadā kadācit;
     3 yarhi (rare).

WHERE:
     I Interro.:
     1 kutra, w. did you get this: kutra tvayaitatsamāsāditam, Sa.;
     2 kva, w. is that destroyer of the ten-headed: kāsau daśāsyāntakaḥ, Bho.
     II Relative: yatra, w. Rāma passed sometime: yatra rāmaḥ kañcit kālamuvāsa, K.

WHEREAS:
     1 yataḥ;
     2 yasmāt: v. Since.

WHEREBY:
     I Relative: yena.
     II Interro.: kena.

WHEREFORE:
     I Rel.: yadartham.
     II Interro.: kimartham: v. Why.

WHEREIN:
     I Rel.: yatra.
     II Interro.: kutra.

WHEREOF:
     I Rel.: yasya.
     II Interro.: kasya.

WHERETO:
     I Rel.: yatra.
     II Interro.: kutra.

WHEREUPON: yadantaram (= after which); tadā (= then).

WHEREVER:
     1 yatra yatra;
     2 yato yataḥ;
     3 yatra kutracit (rare).

WHERRY: kṣudranaukāviśeṣaḥ.

WHET (v.): śāṇyati (nomi.), with an edge cleared by w.ting: śāṇena dhautadhārayā. N. xvi. 20.: v. To sharpen.

WHET (subs.):
     I W. stone: śāṇaḥ (ṇī).
     II Fig.: v. Stimulus.

WHETHER (pron.): kataraḥ (rā t): v. Which (inter.).

[Page 760]

WHETHER (conj.): they w. tigers or lions: te vyāghro vā siṃho vā, S. iii. 2. 9.; it is doubtful w. the word prāṇa here refers to only air, or soul, or the supreme spirit: tatra saṃśayaḥ kimiha prāṇaśabdena vāyumātramamidhīyate uta jīvaḥ athavā paraṃ brahme ti, S. 28.; w. it is the supreme spirit or something else: tat kiṃ paraṃ brahma syādāhosvidarthāntaram, S. iii. 1.: v. Or.

WHETSTONE:
     1 śāṇaḥ (also -aśman etc.: v. Stone), (my) axe which has been whetted on the w. of enemies' heads: ripuśiraḥśāṇaśātaḥ kuṭhāraḥ, Vi. iii. 28.

WHEY:
     1 mastu (n.);
     2 dadhimaṇḍa (mn.).

WHICH (rel.): yat: v. Who, what. W. of two: yataraḥ (rā t); w. of many: yatamaḥ (mā -t).

WHICH (inter.): kim: v. Who, what; w. of two: kataraḥ (rā -t); w. of many: katamaḥ (mā -t).

WHICHEVER: yo yaḥ (yā yā yad yat): v. Whoever, whatever.

WHIFF:
     I Subs.: phutkāraḥ or phutkṛtam.
     II Verb: phutkaroti.

WHIG: no equiv.: *vigaḥ.

WHILE (subs.): for a little w.: kiyatkṣaṇam or kiñcitkālam. After a long w.: cireṇa: v. Time, moment. Ph.: not worth w.: niṣphala (f. ): v. Vain.

WHILE, WHILST
     1 yadā: v. When; yāvat (as a conj.: with tāvat).

WHILE, -AWAY: gamayati (c. of gam): v. To pass.

WHIM: kāmacāraḥ: v. Caprice, freak.

WHIMPER: cūṃkaroti: v. To cry.

WHIMSICAL:
     1 kāmacārin (f. ṇī);
     2 cañcala (f. ): v. Capricious, fickle.

WHINE:
     I Verb: v. To complain, murmur.
     II Subs.: v. Complaint, murmur.

WHINNY:
     1 khiṭakhiṭāyitam (=murmur);
     2 kranditam (= cry).

WHIP (subs.):
     1 kaśā(ṣā) (also = w. ping), Si. v. 10.;
     2 pratiṣkaṣaḥ (śaḥ: rare): v. Also scourge.

WHIP (v.): kaśayā hanti (han, c. 2.) or tāḍayati (c. of taḍ);
     2 kaśāghātaṃ karoti.

WHIRL:
     I Trans.: ghūrṇayati (c. of ghūrṇ).
     II Intrans.: ghūrṇate (ghūrṇ, c. 1.): v. To revolve.
     III Subs.: ghūrṇiḥ: v. Revolution.

WHIRLPOOL:
     1 jalāvartaḥ;
     2 bhramiḥ (maḥ);
     3 bhramaraḥ -kaḥ;
     4 jalagulmaḥ;
     5 avaghūrṇaḥ;
     6 āvartanī.

WHIRLWIND:
     1 cakravātaḥ;
     2 vātāvartaḥ;
     3 vāyugulmaḥ; etc.

WHISK:
     I Subs.: kūrccham.
     II Verb: āloḍayati (c. of luḍ).

WHISKER:
     1 gumphaḥ (?);
     2 gumphaloman (n. (?).

WHISPER: (subs.):
     1 expr. by verb.;
     2 janaravaḥ (=rumour).

WHISPER: (v.):
     I Lit.:
     1 karṇamūle vadati (vad, c. 1.), V. p.;
     2 karṇākarṇi kathayati (kath, c. 10.), all the Yādavas w. ed among themselves that Prasena was not murdered by anybody else: nānyena praseno hanyata ityakhila eva yadulokaḥ karṇākarṇyakathayat, V.p.;
     3 karṇe japati (jap, c. 1.).

WHIST:
     I Subs.: tāsakrīḍāviśeṣaḥ.
     II Silent, silence: q. v.

WHISTLE: śīśayati (nomi.: (?); śīśaṃ dadāti (, c. 3: (?).

WHISTLE (subs.):
     I W. ing: śīśaḥ -śabdaḥ (?): v. Also cry, noise.
     II An instrument: vaṃśaḥ (?).

WHIT: leśaḥ: v. Iota, Ph.: not a w.: na manāgapi; every w.: sarvathā.

WHITE (adj.):
     1 śukla (f. klā);
     2 śveta (f. );
     3 dhavala (f. );
     4 sita (f. );
     5 gaura (f. );
     6 śubhra (f. bhrā).

WHITE (subs.):
     I The colour:
     1 śuklaḥ -varṇaḥ;
     2 śvetaḥ -varṇaḥ, etc.
     II Of the eye: śvetabhāgaḥ, Bha. and sim. comp. s.

WHITEBAIT: kṣudramatsyaviśeṣaḥ.

WHITEN:
     I Trans.:
     1 dhavalayati (nomi.);
     2 dhavalīkaroti;
     3 śuklīkaroti; etc. Intrans.:
     1 dhavalāyate (nomi.);
     2 dhavalībhavati;
     3 śvetībhavati; etc.

WHITENESS:
     1 śuklatā tvam; dhavalatā -tvam, etc.;
     2 śauklyam etc.;
     3 śvetiman dhavaliman sitiman (m.); etc.

[Page 761]

WHITEWASH:
     I Subs.: sudhālepaḥ.
     II Verb.: sudhayā limpati ā- vi- (lip, c. 6.).

WHITHER:
     I Interro.:
     1 kva;
     2 kutra.
     II Rel.: yatra.

WHITISH:
     1 īṣacchukla (f. klā);
     2 āśveta (f. ); etc.

WHITLOW:
     1 cippam;
     2 nakhaṃpacaḥ.

WHITSUNTIDE, WHITSUNDAY: *śvetārkavāsaraḥ.

WHIZ: śaṇaśaṇāyate (nomi. : ?).

WHO:
     I Interro.: kim, w. is here: kaḥ ko'tra moḥ, U.; w. does not know Agastya: kaḥ punaragastyaṃ na jānāti, B. r.; w. is this girl: keyaṃ kanyakā, K.
     II Rel.:
     1 yad, I w. with two arms: yo'haṃ dābhyāṃ bhujābhyām, Vi. vi. ii.; whom the wise call resplendent lustre: preddhaṃ dhāma yadāmananti sudhiyaḥ, Vi. iv. 30. (G. Par. 145);
     2 by bah. comp. (G. Par. 298).

WHOEVER: v. Whosoever.

WHOLE (adj.):
     1 sakalaḥ (lā laṃ), the w. mountain: sakalaḥ śailaḥ, Ki. xiii. 16.;
     2 samagra (f. grā), the w. kingdom: samagraṃ rājyam, K.;
     3 kṛtsna (f. tsnā);
     4 akhaṇḍa (f. ṇḍā): v. Also entire.

WHOLE (subs.):
     1 sākalyam;
     2 kārtsnyam; etc. Ph.: w. of = whole (adj.): q. v.: w. of the Rāmāyaṇa: samagraṃ rāmāyaṇam.

WHOLESALE: w.-dealer: stūpavikrayin (f. ṇī: ?); w.-purchase: stūpakrayaḥ (?).

WHOLESOME:
     1 pathya (f. thyā), is generally very w. for all animals: sarvaprāṇināṃ sāmānyataḥ pathyatamaḥ, Sr.;
     2 hita (f. = good), absolutely w.: ekāntahita (f. ), Sr.;
     3 kṣemya (f. myā= salutary: q. v.).

WHOLLY:
     1 sākalyena;
     2 kārtsnyena;
     3 samagram;
     4 sampūrṇam;
     5 aśeṣeṇa;
     6 niravaśeṣam.

WHOOP: war w.:
     1 siṃhanādaḥ;
     2 kṣveḍā -ḍitam.

WHORE: veśyā: v. Prostitute, harlot.

WHOREDOM:
     1 veśyāvṛttiḥ and sim. comp. s. (of women);
     2 veśyāprasaktiḥ and sim. comp. s. (of men), to commit w.: veśyāṃ bhuṃkte bhajate sevate, etc.

WHOREMONGER:
     1 veśyāgāmin (m.);
     2 bhujaṅgaḥ;
     3 viṭaḥ;
     4 gamyaḥ (rare), "hṛtaśiṣṭānāṃ gamyadhanānāṃ citrairupāyairapaharaṇam" D. ii.

WHORESON: veśyāputraḥ and sim. comp. s.

WHOSOEVER:
     1 yo yaḥ (yā yā yadyat), at whomsoever lady the beloved (Krishṇa) looked: yāṃ yāṃ priyaḥ praikṣata, Si. iii. 16.;
     2 yaḥ kaścit or kaścana (yā kācit or -cana yatkiñcit or -cana) (= any one w. G. 301).

WHY (adv.):
     1 kim (not absol.), w. are you thus tiring yourself for nothing: vyartha pariśrāmyasi vā kimittham, N. iii. 13;
     2 kutaḥ or kasmāt, w. because the word soul (is used): kasmāt ātmaśabdāt, S.;
     3 kimartham (= for what object);
     4 kinnimittam;
     5 kiṃkāraṇam kena hetunā kasmāddhetoḥ, etc. (= for what reason).

WHY (interj.): w. what have I done: kiṃ nāma mayā kṛtam; w. yes I say so: vāḍhaṃ bravīmyevam.

WICK:
     1 daśā;
     2 vartiḥ -kā;
     3 piñjalam;
     4 tailinī.

WICKED:
     I Of men:
     1 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 durvṛtta (f. ttā);
     3 durātman (mfn.);
     3 pāpakarman (mfn.);
     5 pāmara (f. );
     6 khala (f. );
     7 pāpamati (mfn.) and sim. comp. s.
     II Of acts:
     1 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā);
     2 pāpa- in comp.

WICKEDLY:
     1 duṣṭatayā;
     2 durvṛttatayā;
     3 durācāratayā; etc.

WICKEDNESS:
     1 duṣṭatā;
     2 durvṛttatā;
     3 durācāratā, etc.

WICKER:
     1 vaidala (f. );
     2 vaiṇava (f. ), w.-work: vaidalam.

WIDE:
     1 vistīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     2 viśāla (f. );
     3 vipula (f. ).

WIDE, WIDELY:
     1 vistīrṇam;
     2 viśālam;
     3 vipulam. Ph.: w. awake: suprabuddha (f. ddhā); w. open: suvivṛta (f. ); w. -spread: bahuvistīrṇa (f. rṇā); etc.

WIDEN:
     1 viśālīkaroti;
     2 pṛthūkaroti;
     3 by adj.

WIDENESS:
     1 vistīrṇatā;
     2 viśālatā;
     3 pṛthutā.

WIDOW:
     1 vidhavā;
     2 gatabhartṛkā;
     3 raṇḍā (specially as a term of abuse). A w. before puberty: bālavidhavā; a childless w.: avīrā, A.

[Page 762]

WIDOW (v.): vidhavāṃ karoti. W. ed:
     1 anāthaḥ (thā thaṃ);
     2 gatabhartṛka (f. ) and sim. comp. s. Un-w.ed lady: avidhavā, Me. ii. 38.

WIDOWER:
     1 mṛtabhāryaḥ, P. iv. 9.;
     2 mṛtapatnīkaḥ, and sim. comp. s.

WIDOWHOOD: vaidhavyam, burning with w.: vaidhavyatāpitaḥ (tā taṃ), Ki. xi. 6.

WIDTH:
     1 vistāraḥ;
     2 vyāsaḥ;
     3 pariṇāhaḥ: v. Breadth.

WIELD:
     1 vibharti (bhṛ, c. 3. = hold);
     2 praṇayati (, c. 1. = manage).

WIFE:
     1 bhāryā;
     2 jāyā;
     3 patnī;
     4 dārāḥ (only in m. pl.);
     5 strī;
     6 vadhūḥ;
     7 kalatram;
     8 sahadharmiṇī (not used absol.);
     9 parigrahaḥ (rare), although I have many wives: parigrahabahutve'pi, Sa. A rival w.: sapatnī. Taking a w.: dāraparigrahaḥ. To supersede a w.: adhivindati (vid, c. 6.), R. W. of a teacher: upādhyāyī; w. of a spiritual guide: ācāryānī; w. of Indra: indrāṇī.

WIG: *kaiśikam.

WIGHT: māṇavakaḥ: v. Person.

WILD:
     I Lit.:
     1 by comp., by w. plants: vanalatābhiḥ, Sa.; w. mountain scenery: araṇyagiribhūmiḥ, Vi.;
     2 vanya (f. nyā), w. instrument of sustenance: vanyaṃ sthitisādhanam, R. v. 9.;
     3 āraṇya (f. ṇyā), -ka (f. ), w. animal: āraṇyo mṛgaḥ, M. v. 9.;
     4 vanajāta (f. ) and sim. comp.s; w. animal: vanajaṃ sattvam, Ki. xiii. 8; marshy and w.: anūpotthaṃ vanotthaṃ ca, Mat. 117. 45.
     II Fig.: v. Savage, rude.
     III Violent, unrestrained: q. v.: durdānta (f. ntā).
     IV Bewildered, mad: q. v.

WILD, WILDERNESS (subs.):
     I Forest, wood: q. v.: vanam.
     II Desert: q. v.: maruḥ -bhūmiḥ.

WILDLY:
     1 unmattavat (=madly);
     2 vyākulam (= bewildered);
     3 caṇḍam (= violently).

WILDNESS:
     I Lit.:
     1 vanyatā;
     2 better by adj.
     II Irregularity: q. v.: ucchṛṅkhalatā tvam.
     III Savageness, ferocity: q. v.:
     IV Alienation: vibhramaḥ.

WILE: chalam: v. Trick, pretext, deceit.

WILFUL:
     I In good sense:
     1 by adv.;
     2 kāmataḥ kṛta (f. ); etc.
     II Perverse, headstrong:
     1 svairin (f. ṇī);
     2 svecchācārin (f. ṇī); etc.

WILFULLY:
     1 kāmataḥ;
     2 kāmāt;
     3 icchāpūrvakam etc.

WILFULNESS:
     I Voluntariness: expr. by adv.
     II Obstinacy:
     1 kāmacāraḥ kāmacāritā;
     2 svecchācāritā; etc.

WILILY:
     1 chalena;
     2 māyayā;
     3 chadmanā;
     4 sakapaṭam, etc.

WILL (v.):
     I To resolve, determine: q. v.:
     1 saṃkalpayati (kḷpa, c. 10.);
     2 saṃkalpaṃ karoti.
     II To direct, order: q. v.: nirdiśati (diśa, c. 6.).
     III To devise by will: *icchāpatreṇa dadāti (, c. 3.).
     IV Denoting future: expr. by ḷṭ or luṭ (Vide Grammar).

WILL (subs.):
     I Volition: saṃkalpaḥ.
     II Desire, wish: q. v.: kāmaḥ, against one's will: akāmataḥ, M.
     III Testament: *icchāpatram.

WILLING:
     I Desirous, consenting:
     1 icchu, (mfn.), -ka (f. );
     2 sakāma (f. ), a w. woman: sakāmā strī.
     II Chosen, desired: iṣṭa (f. ṣṭā), abhi-.

WILLINGLY:
     1 sāgraham (= zealously);
     2 sānurāgam (= ardently).

WILLOW: vṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

WILY:
     1 bahucchala (f. );
     2 kapaṭapriya (f. );
     3 catura (f. = artful).

WIN:
     I In a contest: jayati vijayate (ji, c. 1.), I have won: jitam, Mah. ii. 61. 27.; I won (the case) first: jita eva mayāyaṃ prāk, Mit.
     II To gain, get: q. v.: labhate (labh, (c. 1.), what is won in a controversy: yadvādāllabdhaṃ vivāde yannistīrya labdham, Da. 93.

WINCE: v. To shrink, start.

WINCH: perh. daṇḍaḥ.

WIND (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 vāyuḥ, with favourable w.: anukūlena vāyunā, Mah. i. 148. 20.;
     2 vātaḥ, head w.: prativātaḥ, D. vi.;
     3 pavanaḥ, gentle w.: mṛdupavanaḥ, V. iv.;
     4 anilaḥ, w. -footed: anilaraṃhas, (mfn.), Mah.;
     5 samīraḥ -ṇaḥ;
     6 marut;
     7 mārutaḥ.
     II Of stomach: vāyuḥ.
     III Flatulence: q. v.
     IV Breath: śvāsaḥ.

WIND (v. i.):
     I To bend: vakraṃ or kuṭilaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.) or sarpati (sṛp, c. 1.), w. ing: v. Crooked.
     II To turn: q. v.: āvartate (vṛt, c. 1.).

WIND (v. t.):
     I To turn, twine: āvartayati (c. of vṛt).
     II To blow: q. v.: pūrayati (pūr, c. 10.).

WIND UP:
     I Lit.: sampuṭīkaroti.
     II To conclude: upasaṃharati, (hṛ, c. 1.).

WINDFALL:
     I Lit.: *vāyupātaḥ.
     II Fig.: ākasmikasamāgamaḥ and sim. comp. s.

WINDING (subs.): vakram: v. Bend, crookedness.

WINDING-SHEET: ācchādanam: v. Shroud, cover.

WINDLASS: *uttolanayantram uttolanī.

WINDMILL: *vāyucalaṃ cakram.

WINDOW:
     1 vātāyanam, taking to the w. s: vātāyanasaṃśrita (f. ), R. vi. 24.;
     2 gavākṣaḥ, the w. s filled with the faces: vyāptāntarā mukhaistāsāṃ gavākṣāḥ R. vii. 11.;
     3 jālaḥ (lī lam) another looking through the w.: jālāntarapreṣitadṛṣṭiranyā, R. vii. 9.

WINDWARD (adj.): vātābhimukha (f. khī) and sim. comp.s.

WINDY:
     1 vātala (f. );
     2 vātamaya (f. ) and sim. comp. s.

WINE:
     1 madyam, to drink w.: madyaṃ pibati; to take w.: madyaṃ sevate, Ni.; new w.: navaṃ madyam, Sr.; w. -pot: madyamāṇḍam, P.; destroying the smell of w.: bhadyagandhanāśanam, Bha.;
     2 madirā, w. -tasting: madirāsvādaḥ, Si.;
     3 madhu (poet.), sweet w.: svādu madhu, Si.;
     4 surā (= spirit), to make w.: surāṃ karoti, Mah.;
     5 āsavaḥ (= liquor), taking of w.: āsavasevanam, D.

WINE-BIBBER:
     1 madyapaḥ;
     2 madyapāyin (m.);
     3 surāpaḥ.

WINE-SELLER: śauṇḍikaḥ (f. , the Śuri caste).

WING (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 pakṣaḥ, protected me with his own w. s: svapakṣābhyāṃ māmarakṣat, Vi. v. 5.; stretched the w. s and flew up to heaven: vitatya pakṣau nabha utpapāta, Mah. i. 25. 17.; root of a w.: pakṣatiḥ, N. ii. 2.;
     2 patatram;
     3 garut (m.: rare). Ph.: on the w.: ḍīyate: v. To fly.
     II Fig., as of an army: pakṣaḥ, who formed side-w.s and w. s: ke te prapakṣau pakṣau vā, Mah. viii. 46. 6. Ph.: under the w. s of: expr. by: āśritaḥ (tā taṃ).

WINGED:
     1 pakṣin (f. ṇī);
     2 pakṣavat (f. );
     3 patatrin (f. ṇī);
     4 pakṣayukta (f. ktā); etc.

WINK (subs.): Of the eye: nimeṣaḥ.
     II Hint:
     1 netrasaṃketaḥ;
     2 akṣisaṃjñā, and sim. comp. s.

WINK (v.):
     I Of the eye:
     1 nimiṣati (miṣ, c. 6.);
     2 nimīlati (mīl, c. 1. = close).
     II To make a sign: netreṇa saṅketaṃ dadāti ( c. 3.) or saṃjñāṃ karoti. W. at, i. e. connive: upekṣate (īkṣ, c. 1.).

WINNER:
     1 jayin (f. ), Mit.: v. Victor;
     2 labdhṛ (f. bdhrī = gainer);
     3 by verb.

WINNING:
     I Subs.:
     1 by verb: v. To win;
     2 lābhaḥ (= profit);
     3 arjitam (= earning).
     II Adj.: hṛdayahārin (f. ṇī): v. Charming.

WINNOW:
     I Lit.: śodhayati vi- (c. of śudh): v. To cleanse, purify. Ph.: w. ing fan: sū(śū)rpa (mn.).
     II Fig.: to sift, examine: q. v.

WINNOWER:
     1 śodhaka (f. dhikā);
     2 pāvaka -niḥ (f. vikā).

WINNOWING-FAN: śū(sū)rpa (mn.), D. vi.;
     2 prasphoṭanam (rare).

WINTER (subs.):
     I The season:
     1 hemantaḥ (Nov.-Jan.);
     2 śiśiraḥ (Jan.-March);
     3 himāgamaḥ, Si.;
     4 tuṣārakālaḥ, Ki.; and sim. comp.s.
     II = year: śarad (f. = autumn), ten thousand w. s passed: śaradāmayutaṃ yayau, R. x. 1.

WINTER (v.): hemantaṃ gamayati (c. of gam), nayati (, c. 1.), etc.: v. To pass.

WINTERY, WINTRY:
     I Lit.: expr. by comp.
     II Cold: q. v.: śīta (f. ).

WIRE:
     I Subs.:
     1 tantram(ntrī);
     2 tāraḥ.
     II Verb: tāḍitatantreṇa preṣayati (c. of iṣ): v. To send.

[Page 764]

WISDOM:
     1 prajñā;
     2 jñānam (= knowledge: q. v.);
     3 buddhiḥ (= intellect: q. v.)

WISE:
     I Having wisdom:
     1 prājña (f. jñā);
     2 vijña (f. jñā);
     3 prajñāvat (f. );
     4 dhīmat (f. ): v. Intelligent;
     5 jñānin (f. ): v. Learned;
     6 vivekin (f. ): v. Prudent.
     II Of acts etc.: w. saying: budhabhāṣitam; w. action: jñānamūlā kriyā; w. intellect: vivekinī matiḥ; w. deportment: vivekavyavahāraḥ; etc.

WISE (subs.): v. Manner, way. Ph.: in no w.: na kathañcana; in any wise: kenāpi prakāreṇa.

WISEACRE:
     1 paṇḍitābhimānin (f. );
     2 paṇḍitammanya (f. nyā); etc.

WISELY:
     1 prajñayā;
     2 jñānena;
     3 savivekam (= prudently);
     4 prasamīkṣya (= considerately);
     5 samyak (= well).

WISH (v.): icchati (iṣ, c. 6.), I w. to know from the beginning: āditaḥ śrotumicchāmi, Mu. ii.;
     2 abhilaṣati (laṣ, c. 1.), w.ing valour: vikramamabhilaṣat (f. ntī), Ki. xvii. 64.;
     3 kāmayate abhi- (kam, c. 1.), I do not w. such decrepitude: tāṃ jarāṃ na kāmaye, Mah.;
     4 vāñchati (vāñch, c. 1.);
     5 kāṅkṣati (kāṅkṣ, c. 1.);
     6 by desi.: v. Also to long.

WISH (subs.):
     1 icchā;
     2 kāmanā;
     3 manorathaḥ;
     4 iṣṭam;
     5 īpsitam;
     6 vācchitam: v. Desire.

WISP: a small bundle: kūrca (mn.), -ka (mn.).

WISTFUL, WISTFULLLY: v. Eager, eagerly.

WIT:
     I Intellect: q. v.: dhīḥ.
     II Humour:
     1 prajñā (?);
     2 sarasatā (?).
     III A witty man: vākcatura (f. ) and sim. comp.s (?). Ph.: to w.; tadyathā: v. Namely.

WITCH:
     1 ḍākinī;
     2 māyāvinī;
     3 māyinī;
     4 kuhakinī.

WITCHCRAFT: māyā: v. Sorcery.

WITH:
     I Denoting instrument, means: by ins., to play w. dice: akṣairdīvyati, Ve. i. 13.; not only w. (their) hearts: na kevalaṃ hṛdayena, N. xi. 2.; he was looked w. greater respect: gauraveṇa dadṛśetarāmasau, Si. xiv. 43.
     II Along w.: by ins. gen. with saha (or rarely) sākaṃ sārdham samam, to live w. Brahmans: brāhmaṇairvasati, Mah. i. 84. 2.; did not burn himself w. the queen: na cakāra śarīramagnisāt saha devyā, R. viii. 72.; w. Uddhava and Balavbhadra: sārdhamuddhavasīribhyām, Si. ii. 2.; w. your fame, your body is getting thin: paraiti kārśyaṃ yaśasā samaṃ vapuḥ, Ki. i. 39.
     III Denoting manner:
     1 by adv. with sa, w. pleasure: saharṣam; w. alarm: sodvegam;
     2 by adj., w. great pleasure: mudā paramayā yutaḥ; w. stick in hand: daṇḍahastaḥ; etc.; the goddess w. ten arms: daśabhujā.
     IV On the side of: the divine sages were w. the sons of Pāṇḍu: devarṣīṇāṃ gaṇāḥ pāṇḍavato'bhavan, Mah. viii. 87. 51.
     V In the opinion of: expr. w. matam, "w. the ancients": prācāṃ mate.
     VI With verbs denoting resentment etc.: by dat. (G.). Ph.: one w. another:
     1 parasparam;
     2 anyo'nyam. N. B. w. with verbs is also expr. by sam- in comp., to live w.: saṃvasati.

WITHAL:
     1 samameva (= at the same time);
     2 tathā ca (=likewise).

WITHDRAW:
     1 apanayati (, c. 1.): v. To remove, take away;
     2 saṃharati upa- prati- (hṛ, c. 1. = draw back), w. ing and throwing: saṃhāravikṣepau, R. v. 45.;
     3 apakarṣati or apā- (kṛṣ, c. 1.): v. To draw away, draw off.

WITHDRAW (v. i.):
     1 apakrāmati (kram, c. 1.);
     2 apasarati (sṛ, c. 1.): v. To retire, flee.

WITHER:
     I Intrans.: mlāyati (mlai, c. 1.): v. To fade, waste.
     II Trans.: mlāpayati pari- (c. of mlai).

WITHERS: skandhaḥ -deśaḥ.

WITHHOLD:
     1 saṃharati (hṛ, c. 1. draw back), w. your anger: krodhaṃ saṃhara, Ku. iii. 72.;
     2 nigṛhnāti (grah, c. 9.): v. To restrain, check;
     3 pratibadhnāti (bandh, c. 9.): v. To obstruct.

WITHIN (adj. or adv.): antar: v. Inner, inward, in.

WITHIN (prep.):
     I Inside: w. the house: antargṛham gṛhābhyantare or gṛhamadhye: v. Also in.
     II Of time: w. ten days: antardaśāhāt, M. viii. 222; w. a week: saptāhamadhye, K. b. or saptāhābhyantare, Mit. or saptāhāt, M. viii. 108.: v. Also in.
     III In the limits of: w. sight: dṛṣṭigocara (f. ): w. one's power: hastavartin (f. ); w. arrow-shot: bāṇaviṣaya (f. ); etc.

WITHOUT (prep.):
     I Before nouns:
     1 vinā (with ins. or acc., rarely with abl.), I cannot remain a moment w. you: na śaknomi mavatā vinā kṣaṇamaṣyavasthātum, K.;
     2 by negatives, w. eyes He sees, w. ears He hears: paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ, S.: v. Devoid of;
     3 antareṇa (with acc.: rarely), there is no pleasure w. God: antareṇa hariṃ na sukham, S. k.;
     4 ṛte (with acc. and abl.), w. a general: ṛte senāpraṇetāram, Mah. v. 150-2.
     5 by part.s, varjayitvā (= leaving off) etc.; "na bhūridānaṃ virahayya satkriyām", Ki. i. 12.; "na hīndriyāṇyanupādāya pratyakṣādivyavahāraḥ sambhavati", S.
     II Before part.s: a (an, before vowels), w. reducing dust to mud: anītvā paṅkatāṃ dhūlim, Si. ii. 34.; w. being seen: alakṣitaḥ (tā taṃ), etc.
     III Outside of: q. v.: bahiḥ (with abl.).

WITHOUT (adv.): bahis, lying w.: bahiḥstha (f. sthā): v. Externally, outside.

WITHSTAND: pratikūlayati (nomi.): v. To resist, oppose.

WITNESS (subs.):
     I The person w. ing: sākṣin (m.), one w. is no w.: ekaścāsākṣī, V. s.; and among women, women (will be) w. es: striyaḥ strīṣu ca sākṣiṇaḥ, N. s.; in the absence of w. es: sākṣyabhāve, M.; to cite, swear, examine w. es: sākṣiṇaḥ diśati śāpayati parīkṣate, M.; w. es for the prosecution, for the defence: sākṣiṇaḥ pūrvavādinaḥ uttaravādinaḥ, Y.; ear-w.: śrutasākṣī, Mit.; to produce w. es: sākṣiṇa upanyasyati, Mit.; "jāgaraduḥkhasākṣiṇī niśā ca śayyā ca", N. i. 49.
     II Testimony: sākṣyam, to bear w.: sākṣyaṃ dadāti, Y.

WITNESS (v. i.): sākṣyaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.), Y. or vadati (vad, c. 1.).

WITNESS (v. t.):
     I To see or know: q. v.:
     1 pratyakṣīkaroti, I will w. the king's doing: rājarṣervṛttāntaṃ pratyakṣīkariṣyāmi, Sa. vi.;
     2 expr. by subs.
     II To testify: q. v.

WITTICISM:
     1 prājñabhāṣitam;
     2 sarasoktiḥ;
     3 narmavākyam (?).

WITTILY:
     1 sarasam (= humorously);
     2 buddhivilāsena (?);
     3 bhaṅgyā (?).

WITTY:
     1 prājña (f. jñā = wise);
     2 rasika (f. = humorous): v. Also wit (III).

WIZARD: māyākāraḥ: v. Magician, sorcerer.

WOAD: latāviśeṣaḥ.

WOE:
     I Subs.: duḥkham: v. Distress, sorrow.
     II Interj.:
     1 (= alas);
     2 dhik (= shame).

WOEFUL, WOEFULLY: v. Sorrowful, sorrowfully, calamitous, miserable.

WOLF:
     1 vṛkaḥ, she-w.: vṛkī;
     2 kokaḥ;
     3 īhāmṛgaḥ (rare).

WOLF'S BANE: vatsanābhajātīyo vṛkṣabhedaḥ.

WOMAN:
     1 strī, for as w. should not leave (their) husbands: atyājyo hi yathā bhartā strīṇām, M. p. 71. 11.; w.'s (separate) property: strīdhanam, Da. 53.;
     2 nārī, six vices of w.: nārīṇāṃ dūṣaṇāni ṣaṭ, H. 114.;
     3 aṅganā, what fault w. really have: doṣo'sti satyaṃ kataro'ṅganānām, V. m. 74. 6.;
     4 pramadā, that w. follow the way of their husbands: pramadā pativartmagā iti, Ku. iv. 33.;
     5 abalā;
     6 yoṣit;
     7 vadhūḥ (sp. married w.);
     8 kāminī;
     9 nitambinī;
     10 vilāsinī;
     11 sīmantinī;
     12 varārohā;
     13 mattakāśinī;
     14 by adj., young w.: yuvatī; old w.: vṛddhā; w. with beautiful brows: subhrūḥ. N. B. 8. to 13 are for beautiful w.

WOMANISH: strauṇa (f. ṇī): v. Effeminate.

WOMANISHLY: strīvat (= like a woman), Ve. v.

WOMANLY:
     1 by comp.;
     2 straiṇa (f. ṇī): v. Feminine.

WOMB: garbhaḥ: v. Also uterus.

WONDER (subs.):
     I Astonishment:
     1 vismayaḥ, with eyes blooming with, w.: vismayavikasitākṣī, D. i.;
     2 camatkāraḥ camatkāritā;
     3 āścaryam -tvam;
     4 citrīyā (rare).
     II Anything w. ful:
     1 adbhutam, great w. to us: mahadadbhutaṃ naḥ, Vi. iv. 50;
     2 āścaryam, it is a great w.: idameva mahadāścaryam, K.;
     3 citram (= strange: q. v.), it is no w.: naitaccitram, Sa. ii. 16.

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WONDER (v.):
     1 vismayate (smi, c. 1.), neither w. ed nor felt dejected: na visismiye na viṣasāda, Ki. xi. 5.;
     2 gen. by subs. or adj.; w. ing at the speech: tāṃ śrutvā sañjātavismayaḥ, K.; w. ing: savismayaḥ, R. xvi. 6.

WONDERFUL, WONDROUS:
     1 āścarya (f. ryā);
     2 adbhuta (f. );
     3 vismayakara (f. );
     4 vismayajanana (f. );
     5 vismāpaka (f. pikā).

WONDERFULLY: expr. by adj. or circumlo.

WONT:
     I Subs.: rītiḥ: v. Habit, custom.
     II Adj. paricita (f. ): v. Accustomed, practised.

WOO: yācate (yāca, c. 1.), Vi. i. 59.: v. To beg, solicit.

WOOD:
     I Of trees:
     1 kāṣṭham, to cut w.: kāṣṭhaṃ pāṭayati, Mah. iii. 297. 2.; made of w. of trees: tarūṇāṃ kāṣṭhairghaṭita (f. ), V. m. 79. 39.; w. -cutter: kāṣṭhikaḥ, K. s. vi. 43.;
     2 dāru (n.), the enemy of Mura h s transformed himself into w.: dārubhūto murāriḥ, Ha. ii.;
     3 by comp., with a pestle of catechu w.: khādireṇa musalena, D. vi.
     II Forest: q. v.: vanam, went to w.: prasthito vanam, Mah.

WOODCOCK: vanakukkuṭaḥ, or kāṣṭhakukkuṭaḥ, Mat.

WOODED: v. Woody.

WOODEN:
     1 kāṣṭhamaya (f. );
     2 dārumaya (f. );
     3 dārava (f. );
     4 by comp.

WOODLAND:
     1 vṛkṣabhūmiḥ;
     2 vṛkṣāvṛtabhūmiḥ etc.

WOODMAN:
     I Forester: q. v.: āṭavika (f. ).
     II Wood-cutter: kāṣṭhika (f. ).

WOOD-NYMPH: vanadevī and sim. comp.s.

WOODPECKER:
     1 kāṣṭhakuṭṭaḥ;
     2 dārvādhāṭaḥ (taḥ); śatapatrakaḥ.

WOOD-PIGEON: vanakapotaḥ and sim. comp. s.

WOOD-SORREL:
     1 cukribhā;
     2 cāṅgerī.

WOODY:
     I Wooden: q. v.
     II Wooded:
     1 vṛkṣāvṛta (f. );
     2 vṛkṣākīrṇa (f. rṇā);
     3 tarubhūyiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā); and sim. comp.s.
     III Wild: q. v.: vanya (f. nyā).

WOOER:
     1 vivāhārthin (f. ṇī);
     2 vivāhakāma (f. ); etc.

WOOF: pratitantraḥ yathā ekenaiva tantunā tānapratitantrau bhavataḥ, V. d. ii. 24.

WOOL:
     1 lo(ro)man (n.);
     2 ūrṇā (properly of sheep);
     3 by comp.; made of sheep's w., rat's w. and dog's w.: aurṇān vailān vārṣadaṃśān, Mah. ii. 51. 3.

WOOL(L)EN:
     1 ūrṇāmaya (f. ), w. marriagestring: ūrṇāmayaṃ kautukahastasūtram, Ku. vii. 25.;
     2 aurṇa (f. rṇī), w. and silken fabrics: orṇañca rāṅkavañcaiva paṭṭajaṃ kīṭajaṃ tathā, Mah. ii. 51. 26.;
     3 lo(ro)manirmita (f. ), M. n.;
     4 lo(ro)maja (f. ), Nil.

WOOLLY:
     I Lit.: lo(ro)maśa (f. śā).
     II W. -like: ūrṇābha (f. bhā).

WORD (subs.):
     I Lit.:
     1 śabdaḥ, low w.: apaśabdaḥ;
     2 nāman (n. = name), of primitive, derivative and compound w. s: ruḍhayaugikamiśrāṇāṃ nāmnām, H. c.;
     3 padam (= formed word), here the w. paśu: atra paśupadam, Kav. viii.
     II In plu.: saying: q. v.: vacas (n.) or vāc (f.), by the haughty w. s: vacobhiruddhataiḥ, Ki. xiv. 1.; one whose w. s can be trusted: āptavāc (mfn.); Sa. v. 27. Ph.: a man of few w. s: mitabhāṣin (f. ṇī), R. i. 7.
     III Promise: q. v.:
     1 vākyam;
     2 vacanam.
     IV Tidings, news: q. v.: sandeśaḥ. Ph.: in a word: kiṃ bahunā; in a few words:
     1 samāsataḥ;
     2 samāsena.

WORD (v.): simply w. ed: viśadaśabdavinyasta (f. stā); well-w.: samyaggrathita (f. ): v. To express, declare.

WORDY:
     1 bahuśabda (f. bdā), -ka (f. );
     2 vistīrṇavāc (mfn.); etc.

WORK (subs.):
     1 karman (n.: in every sense), to leave w.: karma tyajati, Y.; who commencing a w.: karmārambhaṃ tu yaḥ kṛtvā, Mit.; driver's w.: yantṛkarma, Si. xvii. 35.;
     2 kriyā, this w. of Kālidāsa: kriyāmimāṃ kālidāsasya, V. i. 2.; obstruction to religious w. s: dharmakriyāvighnaḥ, Sa. v. 15.;
     3 kāryam, in this important w.: kārye guruṇi, Ku. iii. 13.;
     4 kṛtiḥ (rare), in a w. of Kālidāsa: kālidāsasya kṛtau, Mal. i.: v. Also occupation, labour, deed.

WORK (v. i.):
     I To labour: q. v.: karma or kārya karoti, you do not w.: na karma karoṣi, D. vi.; will w. like w.-men: karma karmakaravat kariṣyati, Si.
     II To operate: q. v.:
     1 phalaṃ dadāti (, c. 3.);
     2 expr. with guṇaḥ.

WORK (v. t.):
     I To manufacture, make: q. v.: karoti.
     II To make w.: karma kārayatiḥ v. Also to toil.
     III To move (as a machine): q. v.: cālayati (c. of cal).
     IV To embroider: q. v.

WORK OUT:
     I To accomplish: q. v.: niṣpādayati (c. of pad).
     II To invent: parikalpayati (c. of kḷp).
     III To efface: q. v.

WORK UP:
     I To raise: q. v.
     II To employ, use: prayuṃkte (yuj, c. 7.).

WORKHOUSE: *karmāgāram anāthāśramaḥ (= asylum).

WORKING (subs.):
     1 kāryapraṇālī (?);
     2 pariṇāmaḥ (= result, fruit).

WORKMAN, WORKWOMAN:
     1 karmakaraḥ (f. );
     2 karmakāraḥ (f. );
     3 karmakārin (f. ṇī);
     4 śilpakāraḥ (f. = artisan).

WORKMANLIKE:
     1 karmaṭha (f. ṭhā);
     2 dakṣa (f. kṣā = skilful: q. v.).

WORKMANSHIP:
     I Skill: karmakauśalam and sim. comp.s
     II = work:
     1 karman (n.);
     2 nirmāṇam (= manufacture).

WORKSHOP:
     1 karmaśālā (?);
     2 śilpaśālā;
     3 āveśanam pra-.

WORLD: Lit.:
     1 viśvam (= universe), of w. -wide reputation: viśvavikhyātakīrtiḥ, D. s.; conducive to the good of the w.: viśvajanīnaḥ (nā naṃ) Si. i. 41.; supporter of the w.: viśvambharaḥ, Si. i. 38.;
     2 jagat (= the whole w., also particular w.- s), the w. is now an empty withered wilderness: śūnyamadhunā jīrṇāraṇyaṃ jagat, U. i.; the whole w. from God to worm: ābrahma kīṭāntamidaṃ samastaṃ jagat, V. m. 74. 20.;
     3 lokaḥ (any w.), the w. of gods: amaralokaḥ, Ve. vii.; has left the w. (i. e. died): paralokamito gataḥ, Ve. iii. 15.;
     4 bhuvanam (= 3), the three w. s robbed of their jewel: parimuṣitaratna tribhuvanam, Ma. v. 29.;
     5 saṃsāraḥ (= living w.), throughout the w.: yāvatsaṃsāramaṇḍalam, Si.;
     6 bhūḥ (= earth: q. v.). Ph.: in this w.: iha: v. Here; of this w.: aihikaḥ (kī kam); of the next w. pāratrika (f. ) or āmuṣmika (f. ), D. ii.
     II People: q. v.: lokaḥ.
     III Mundane w.: saṃsāraḥ, snares of the w.: saṃsāramāyā (also sim. māyājālam mohapāśaḥ, etc.). To renounce the w.: saṃnyasyati (as, c. 4.); aversion to w.: vairāgyam.

WORLDLY:
     I Lit.:
     1 aihikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     2 sāṃsārika (f. );
     3 aihalaukikaḥ (kī kaṃ);
     4 by comp.
     II Devoted to world:
     1 viṣayāsakta (f. ktā), w.-minded: viṣayāsaktacetas, (mfn.) and sim. comp.s;
     2 saṃsāraniṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā) and sim. comp. s (?).

WORM:
     I The animal:
     1 kīṭaḥ, w.-eaten: kīṭairviddha (f. ddhā), V. m. 79. 87.;
     2 kṛ(kri)bhiḥ, of w. s, insects, and butterflies: kṛmikīṭapataṅgānām, M. xii. 56.
     II Of the stomach: kṛ(kri)miḥ, destroying w. s: kṛmighna (f. ghnā), Bha.

WORMY:
     1 kṛmila (f. );
     2 kṛmin (f. ṇī);
     3 kṛmimaya (f. ); etc.

WORRY:
     1 bādhate pra- saṃ- vi-, (bādh, c. 1.);
     2 kliśnāti (kliś, c. 9.): v. To trouble.

WORSE:
     I In gen.:
     1 adhikaduṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = more faulty);
     2 nikṛṣṭatara (f. = more low);
     3 pāpīyas (f. = more wicked; etc.)
     II In health: adhikarugṇa (f. gṇā) etc.: v.
     III sick.

WORSE (adv.):
     1 nikṛṣṭataram;
     2 pāpīyas (n.); etc.: v. Above.

WORSHIP (subs.):
     1 upāsanam -nā;
     2 pūjā -janam;
     3 arcanā -nam abhi-. Ph.: Your w. (in address): devaḥ or dharmāvatāraḥ.

WORSHIP (v.):
     1 upāste, (ās, c. 2.), who w. s other gods: yo'nyāṃ devatāmupāste, San. iv.;
     2 pūjayati (pūj, c. 10.), I will describe how to w. Śiva: śivapūjāṃ pravakṣyāmi, A. p.: v. Also to honour, serve.

WORSHIPFUL:
     1 arcanīya (f. ), abhi samabhi-;
     2 pūjya (f. jyā) or pūjanīya (f. );
     3 upāsya (f. syā) or upāsanīya (f. ); etc.

WORSHIPPER:
     1 upāsaka (f. sikā);
     2 pūjaka (f. jikā); idol-w.: pratimāpūjakaḥ;
     3 by comp., w. of Energy: śāktaḥ; w. of Vishnu: vaiṣṇavaḥ;
     4 bhakta (f. ktā = attached to); w. of Gaṇeśa: gaṇeśabhaktaḥ; w. of Yama: yamaparāyaṇaḥ, San. 34.

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WORST:
     I Adj.:
     I
     1 duṣṭatama (f. = very faulty);
     2 pāpiṣṭha (f. ṣṭhā = very wicked);
     3 kaṣṭatama (f. = very distressing);
     4 atinikṛṣṭa (f. ṣṭā = very bad); etc.
     II Adv.: expr. by adj. or comp.
     III Subs.: kaṣṭatamā daśā and sim. expr. s.

WORST (v.): parābhavati (bhū, c. 1.): v. To defeat, overthow.

WORSTED (subs.):
     1 aurṇasūtram (?);
     2 ūrṇātantuḥ (?); etc.

WORT: latāviśeṣe navasurāyāñca.

WORTH (subs.):
     I Value, price: q. v.: ardhaḥ.
     II Excellence, virtue: q. v.: guṇaḥ.

WORTH (adj.): expr. by comp., what is it w.: kiṃmūlyamidam; w. much: bahumūlya (f. lyā); w. little: alpārgha (f. rghā); w. while: sāmpratam.

WORTHY: Adj.: yogya (f. gyā): v. Deserving, fit. To be w. of: arhati (arh, c. 1.): v. To deserve,-ing of.
     II Subs.: mānyajanaḥ and sim. comp. s.

WORTHILY:
     1 yogyatayā;
     2 by adj. or circumlo.

WORTHINESS:
     1 yogyatā -tvam;
     2 upayuktatā -tvam;
     3 arhatā -tvam.

WORTHLESS:
     1 nirguṇa (f. ṇā), guṇahīna (f. ), and sim. comp. s (= without any virtue);
     2 asāra (f. ), akiñcitkara (f. ), etc. (= good-for-nothing);
     3 a- (=not) in comp., w. object: apātram, Mu.; w. thing: adravyam, Ku.

WORTHLESSNESS:
     1 nirguṇatā -tvam; asāratā -tvam; etc.: v. Above.

WOUND (subs.):
     1 vraṇa (mn.), w. s are of various shapes: nānākṛtayo vraṇāḥ, Ni.;
     2 kṣatam: v. Hurt;
     3 īrmam (rare).

WOUND (v.):
     1 vidhyati (vyadh, c. 4. = to pierce: q. v.);
     2 hanti (han, c. 2. = to strike), w. ed with horns: viṣāṇairhataḥ, Ni.;
     3 kṣiṇoti (kṣi, c. 5.: rare), w. ed her deeply in the heart: imāṃ hṛdi vyāyatapātamakṣiṇot, Ku. v. 54.;
     4 tudati (tud, c. 6.): v. To hurt. W. ed:
     1 kṣata (f. ), pari- vi-;
     2 vraṇita (f. );
     3 kṛtavraṇa (f. ṇā) and sim. comp. s. Severly w. ed: kṣatavikṣata (f. ). Mortally w.: bhinnamarman (mfn.).

WOVE, WOVEN: v. To weave.

WRANGLE: kalahāyate (nomi.): v. To quarrel.

WRANGLING (subs.); kalahaḥ: v. Quarrel.

WRAP: avaguṇṭhayati (guṇṭh, c. 1.): v. To cover, envelop.

WRAPPER:
     1 prāvāraḥ;
     2 prāvaraṇam;
     3 bṛhatikā (rare).

WRATH: roṣaḥ: v. Anger, rage.

WRATHFUL: roṣaṇa (f. ṇā): v. Angry.

WRATHFULLY:
     1 saroṣam, etc.;
     2 by adj.: saṃrabdha (f. bdhā), etc.

WREAK: sādhayati (c. of sidh): v. To execute, satisfy.

WREATH:
     1 mālā;
     2 mālyam (flowery);
     3 sraj (f. = 2).

WREATHE:
     I To string: q. v.: grathnāti (granth, c. 9.).
     II To encircle with a w.: w. d his neck: kaṇṭhe guṇaṃ niveśayāmāsa or āsañjayāmāsa, R. vi. 83.; w. d: srajānvita (f. ), N. xv. 1.: v. To put, adorn.

WRECK (subs.):
     I Ship-w.: q. v.: potabhaṅgaḥ and sim. comp. s.
     II The thing w. d:
     1 bhagnapotaḥ;
     2 naṣṭanaukā, etc.
     III Ruin, destruction: q. v.: ucchedaḥ sama-.

WRECK (v.):
     I Trans.:
     1 bhanakti (bhañj, c. 7. = to break: q. v.);
     2 nāśayati (c. of naś = destroy: q. v.).
     II Intrans.: bhajyate (pass. of bhañj).

WREN: pakṣiviśeṣaḥ; svarṇacūḍaḥ.

WRENCH:
     I Verb.: balādākarṣati (kṛṣ, c. 1. = to pull: q. v.) or ācchinatti (chid, c. 7. = to carry off).
     II Subs.: balādākarṣaṇam or ācchedaḥ (ttiḥ).

WREST:
     I To wrench: balādācchinatti.
     II To disort, writhe: q. v.

WRESTLE:
     1 mallayuddhaṃ karoti;
     2 bāhuyuddhaṃ karoti;
     3 bāhūbāhavi yudhyate (yudh, c. 4.).

WRESTLER:
     1 bhallaḥ;
     2 mallaḥ;
     3 bāhuyodhaḥ.

WRESTLING (subs.):
     1 mallayuddham;
     2 bāhuyuddham;
     3 mallakrīḍā.

WRETCH:
     I In bad sense: durātman (mfn.): v. Wicked.
     II A miserable person:
     1 varāka (f. );
     2 mandabhāgya (f. gyā): v. Unfortunate.

WRETCHED:
     I Miserable, pitiable: q. v.:
     1 dīna (f. );
     2 varāka (f. : only of persons: v. Poor).
     II Contemptible, low: q. v.: jaghanya (f. nyā).

WRETCHEDLY: expr. by adj. or comp., w. -dressed: dīnaveṣa or jaghanyaveṣa (f. ṣā).

WRETCHEDNESS:
     1 dīnatā: v. Misery;
     2 jaghanyatā: v. Lowness.

WRIGGLE: itastataścalati (cal, c. 1. = to move: when intrans.) or cālayati (c. of cal: when trans.).

WRING:
     I Lit.: ākuñcati (kuñc, c. 1.): v. Also to twist.
     II Fig., with out, off, etc.: niṣpīḍya bahiṣkarotiḥ v. Also to squeeze.

WRINKLE:
     I Subs.: baliḥ (), the body filled with w. s.: balīsaṅgatagātra (f. trī), Mah. i. 82. 6.; three w. s: balitrayam, Ku. i. 32.
     II Verb: expr. by subs.

WRINKLED:
     1 balitaḥ (tā taṃ), eyes with w. edges: balitāpāṅgalocanaḥ, Ki. xi. 4.;
     2 balimat (f. );
     3 balibhaḥ (bhā bhaṃ).

WRIST: maṇibandhaḥ -nam.

WRIT:
     1 śāsanam;
     2 lekhaḥ (= writing).

WRITE: likhati (likh, c. 6.), to w. with one's own hand: svahastena likhati, Y. ii. 89.; I saw this couplet written on it: tasyāmimāmamilikhitāmāryāmapaśyam, K.; he has written this back: idamanena pratilikhitam, Mal. i.; getting a letter written by Śakaṭadāsa in these words: ebhirakṣarairlekhaṃ śakaṭadāsena lekhayitvā, Mu. i.; what is not written on our minds: asmākaṃ cetasi kiṃ nāma na likhitamasti, Ana. vii.: v. Also to compose.

WRITER:
     I Lit.: lekhakaḥ, be the w. of this Bhārata: lekhako bhāratasyāsya bhava, Mah. 77.
     II Author: q. v.: praṇetṛ (f. trī).
     III A scribe:
     1 lipikaraḥ;
     2 lekhakaḥ.

WRITHE:
     I To shrink: q. v.: saṃkucati (kuc, c. 6.).
     II To distort: ākuñcayati (c. of kuñc).

WRITING (subs.):
     I The art of w.:
     1 lipiḥ, ignorant of w.: alipijñaḥ, N. s.;
     2 lekhaḥ (khā);
     3 le (li) khatam.
     II Anything written:
     1 lekhaḥ, looking at the w.: lekhamavalokayan, Mu. v.;
     2 lekhyam (= document);
     3 likhitam.
     III Hand-w:
     1 lekhaḥ (khā);
     2 likhitam, Mu. v.
     IV Composition:
     1 lekhaḥ (f. khā); li(le)khanam;
     3 likhitam.

WRONG (adj.):
     I Unjust: q. v.; anyāyya (f. yyā).
     II Improper: q. v.: ayukta (f. ktā).
     III Erroneous: q. v.: bhrānta (f. ntā).
     IV False: q. v.: mithyā.

WRONG (subs.):
     I Injury: q. v.: apakāraḥ.
     II Injustice: q. v.: anyāyaḥ.
     III Error: q. v.: bhramaḥ.
     IV Fault: q. v.: doṣaḥ.

WRONG (v.):
     I To injure: q. v.: apakaroti.
     II To find fault unjustly: mithyādoṣaṃ vikṣipati (kṣip, c. 6.), nyasyati (as, c. 4.), etc.

WRONG-DOER
     1 aparādhin (f. = offender);
     2 apakāraka (f. rikā = injurer);
     3 utpīḍaka (f. ḍikā = tormentor).

WRONGFUL
     1 anyāya (f. ): v. Unjust;
     2 duṣṭa (f. ṣṭā): v. Wicked.

WRONGFULLY:
     1 anyāyataḥ: v. Unjustly;
     2 duṣṭamāvenaḥ v. Wickedly.

WRONGLY:
     1 bhithyā: v. Falsely;
     2 ayuktam: v. Improperly;
     3 anyāyataḥ: v. Unjustly.

WROTH: kupita (f. ): v. Enraged.

WROUGHT:
     1 kṛta (f. );
     2 saṃskṛta or upaskṛta (f. ). W. iron: kuśī.

WRY:
     1 vakra (f. krā = crooked: q. v.), wnecked: vakragrīva (f. );
     2 vikṛta (f. = deformed: q. v.), w.-faced: vikṛtānana (f. ).


XENODOCHY: atithisevā and sim. comp. s.


YACHT: kelipotaḥ: v. Boat.

YAK: camara (f. ), a fan made of y.'s tail (an ensign of royalty): cāmaram.

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YAM: ālu (ru) kam, Bha. Note the following species:
     1 raktālukam;
     2 kāṣṭhālukam;
     3 śṛṅgālukam;
     4 piṇḍālukam;
     5 hastyālukam;
     6 saptālukam.

YANKEE: of United States: *ayaṅkaḥ.

YARD:
     I A court: aṅganam prāṅgaṇam;
     2 catvaram;
     3 ajiram (rare), Ki. i. 16.
     II A measure: gajaḥ, Li.
     III of a sail.: kūpakāṣṭham (?).

YARN:
     I Lit.: sūtram (general name).
     II Fig.: dīrghakathā.

YAWL: nauviśeṣaḥ; *potakaḥ.

YAWN (v.): jṛmbhate vi- pra-, (jṛmbh, c. 1.): v. To gape.

YAWN (subs.):
     1 jṛmbhā;
     2 jṛmbhaṇam;
     3 jṛmbhitam, etc.

YE: yūyam (pl.); yuvām (dual).

YEA:
     I In assent: vāḍham: v. Yes.
     II Moreover, also: q. v.: tathā. Y. more: adhikañca.

YEAR:
     1 varṣam, in three y. s.: varṣatrayeṇa, K.; for twelve y. s: dvādaśavarṣāṇi, D. vi.; became ten y. s old: babhūva daśavārṣikaḥ, D. b. vii. 15. 44.; lasting twelve y. s: dvādaśavārṣikaḥ (kī kaṃ), U. ii.;
     2 vatsaraḥ saṃ-, Li. 50.;
     3 abdaḥ, in the 8th. y. from conception: garbhāṣṭame'bde, M. ii. 36.;
     4 hāyanaḥ, (a cow) four, three y. s old: catuṣtrihāyaṇī, H. c. i. 4. 338.;
     5 samā (mostly in pl.), 14 y. s: caturdaśa samāḥ, Vi. iv. 41.; for 100 y. s: sahasrasamam, B. p. 4.;
     6 śarad, (= autumn): v. Winter. Ph.: last y.: parut, A.; of last y.: parutra (f. trī) (rare); this y.: aiṣamas, A.; y. before last: parāri (inde.), A.: of y. before last: parāritra (f. trī) (rare).

YEARLY:
     I Adj.:
     1 vārṣika (f. );
     2 vātsarika (f. );
     3 ābdika (f. );
     4 prativārṣika (f. ); etc. Half-y.:
     1 ṣāṇmāsika (f. );
     2 ardhavārṣika (f. ); etc.
     II Adv.:
     1 varṣe varṣe;
     2 prativarṣam;
     3 anuvatsaram, etc.

YEARN:
     1 spṛhayati (spṛh, c. 10. = long for: q. v.);
     2 snihyati (snih, c. 4. = to have affection for);
     3 utsukāyate (nomi. = to be eager).

YEARNING (subs.):
     1 spṛhā (= longing);
     2 vātsalyam (= affection);
     3 autsukyam (= eagerness).

YEAST:
     1 surāmaṇḍaḥ;
     2 kiṇva (mn.);
     3 abhiṣavaḥ.

YEAL:
     I Subs.: cītkāraḥ: v. Scream, cry.
     II Verb: utkrośatri (kruś, c. 1.): v. To scream, shout.

YELLOW:
     1 pīta (f. );
     2 pītavarṇa (f. rṇā);
     3 pītala (f. ).

YEALLOW-BIRD, YELLOW-HAMMER: haridrāṅgaḥ.

YELLOWISH:
     1 āpīta (f. );
     2 haridrābha (f. bhā); etc.

YEEP: bhaṣati (bhaṣ, c. 1.): v. To bark, cry.

YEOMAN:
     1 gṛhasthaḥ (?);
     2 gṛhapatiḥ (?);
     3 kṣetrapālaḥ (?).

YES:
     1 atha kim, do the Rishis bear message from Kaṇva, y.: kiṃ kaṇvasandeśahāriṇastapasvinaḥ ? atha kim, Sa. v.; y. by your favour my mercantile business is not failing: atha kim āryasya prasādena nākhaṇḍitā me vaṇijyā, Mu. i.;
     2 vāḍham (= very well, indeed);
     3 evam (= so, with eva = just so);
     4 by repetition of verb, y., I have heard of him: asti śrūyate, Sa. i.; y., you have guessed all right: samyagupalakṣitaṃ bhavatyā, Sa.

YESTERDAY:
     1 hyas, of y.: hyastana (f. );
     2 pūrvedyūḥ (= on the previous day);
     3 kalyam (= day gone by as well as day coming).

YESTERNIGHT:
     1 gatarātriḥ;
     2 kalyarātriḥ; and sim. comp. s.

YET:
     I Nevertheless:
     1 tathāpi, yet I am desirous of hearing: tathāpi śuśrūṣuraham, Si. i. 29.;
     2 not expr., although it is infested with fierce animals, y. it is frequented by sages: krūrasattvāpi munijanasevitā, K.;
     3 parantu (= but: q. v.).
     II Of time:
     1 adyāpi, I y. think of her: adyāpi tāṃ cintayāmi, J.;
     2 adhunāpi, where y. in the rainy season: adhunāpi yatra jaladharasamaye, K.;
     3 idānīmapi.
     III Further, over and above, y. blacker: adhikatarakṛṣṇa (f. ṣṇā); y. another reason: aparamapi kāraṇam: y. a little longer: etadadhikaṃ kiyatkṣaṇam.

YEW: śākhoṭajātīyavṛkṣaviśeṣaḥ.

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YIELD:
     I To produce: q. v.
     1 sūte (, c. 2.), y. ed gems in mines, crops in fields and elephants in forests: khanibhiḥ suṣuve ratnaṃ kṣetraṃ śasyairvanairgajān, R. xvii. 66.;
     2 dadāti pra- (, c. 3. give), y. ing every crop: sarvaśasyaprada (f. ).
     II To give up, relinquish.
     II To concede, allow, permit: q. v.: anumanyate (man, c. 4.).

YIELD (v. i.):
     I To give way: q. v.: vaśaṃ gacchati (gam, c. 1.), eti (i, c. 2.); etc.
     II To comply with: anumanyate (man, c. 4.: with acc.).

YIELD (subs.): utpannam: v. Produce, fruit.

YOKE (subs.):
     I Lit.: yugaḥ, fit for y.: yugya (f. gyā), K. v. 49.
     II A pair: q. v.: yugam.
     III Fig.: yoktram: v. Bond.

YOKE (v.):
     1 yojayati (yuj, c. 10.);
     2 yoktrayati (nomi.).

YOKE-FELLOW: sahacara (f. ): v. Companion.

YON, YONDER: expr. by adas, the y. waters of Pampā: amūni pampāsalilāni, R. xiii. 30. Y. (i. e. further on): amutra, K.

YORE: of y.: purā: v. Formerly.

YOU: tvad, therefore you: sa tvam, R. ii. 45.; y. yourself: tvameva, Ku. v. 67. y. alone know yūyameva jānītha, Sa. v. 25.

YOUNG (adj.):
     1 yuvan (f. ), having a y. wife: yuvajāniḥ, B. v. 13.; y. camel: dāserayuvā, Si.; y. sugarcane: yuvekṣuḥ, Bha.;
     2 taruṇa (f. ṇī), y. wife: taruṇī bhāryā, H.;
     3 bāla (f. = very y. child); y. plant: bālapādapaḥ, Sa.

YOUNG (subs.):
     1 śāvaḥ -kaḥ;
     2 arbhaḥ -kaḥ;
     3 potaḥ -kaḥ;
     4 ḍimbaḥ -kaḥ: v. Also child.

YOUNGER:
     1 yavīyas (f. ), y. sister: yavīyasī svasā, R. xvi. 85.;
     2 kanīyas (f. ), D. Ph.: y. brother, sister:
     1 anuja (f. );
     2 avaraja (f. );
     3 antaraja (f. );
     4 jaghanyaja (f. ).

YOUNGEST:
     1 kaniṣṭha f. ṣṭhā;
     2 yaviṣṭha f. ṣṭhā;
     3 jaghanya f. nyā (rare), although y., senior in virtues: jaghanyo'pi guṇajyeṣṭhaḥ, Sca.

YOUR:
     1 tvadīya (f. );
     2 tāvaka (f. );
     3 tāvakīna (f. );
     4 yuṣmadīya (f. );
     5 yauṣmāka (f. );
     6 yauṣmākīna (f. ).

YOUTH:
     I The age:
     1 yauvanam, seeking pleasures in y.: yauvane viṣayaiṣiṇām, R. i. 8.; a girl in the prime of y.: navayauvanā, R. ix. 7.;
     2 tāruṇyam, exchange of y.: tāruṇyavinimayaḥ, C. r.;
     3 navaṃ vayas (n.), Ku. v. 41.;
     4 prathamaṃ vayaḥ, K.
     II The state:
     1 yauvanam -daśā, H.;
     2 tāruṇyam -avasthā.
     III A young man:
     1 yuvan (m.), ascetic y.: tapodhanayuvā, K.;
     2 taruṇaḥ, y. s are fond of young women: taruṇastāvattaruṇīraktaḥ, J.;
     3 yuvajanaḥ.

YOUTHFUL:
     1 yauvanavat (f. );
     2 taruṇavayaska (f. skā); etc.: v. Also young.

YOUTHFULNESS: taruṇavayaskatā and sim. comp. s: v. Youth.


ZANY: bhaṇḍaḥ: v. Buffoon.

ZEAL:
     1 utsāhaḥ;
     2 autsukyam;
     3 utsukatā -tvam;
     4 sotsāhatā -tvam;
     5 āgrahaḥ.

ZEALOT, ZEALOUS:
     1 utsāhavat (f. );
     2 sotsāha (f. );
     3 utsuka (f. );
     4 āgrahin (f. ṇī); etc.

ZEALOUSLY:
     1 sotsāham, who carried orders z.: sotsāhaṃ dhṛtaśāsanaiḥ, Vi. vii. 10.;
     2 autsukyena;
     3 utsukam;
     4 sāgraham.

ZEBRA: an animal: *citragardabhaḥ; citrarāsamaḥ.

ZEBU:
     1 kakudmat (m.);
     2 vṛṣamaḥ = ox ; q. v.

ZEDOARY: a plant:
     1 saṭiḥ (ṭī);
     2 karc- (rbū) rakaḥ;
     3 drāviḍakaḥ.

ZENITH:
     1 khamadhyam;
     2 śirobinduḥ, z. distance: natam, Su. iii. 15.

ZEPHYR:
     I Lit.: paścimānilaḥ and sim. comp. s.
     II Poet. malayānilaḥ malayavātaḥ and sim. comp. s. (lit.: of Malaya).

ZERO:
     1 śūnyam;
     2 binduḥ;
     3 kham, Vij.

ZEST:
     I Lit.: rocakam.
     II Relish, taste: q. v.: āsvādaḥ.

ZIGZAG:
     1 aṅkavaṅka (f. ṅkāḥ: (?);
     2 vakra (f. krā = crooked: q. v.).

ZINC: a metal: dastā.

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ZODIAC:
     1 jyotiścakram;
     2 bhacakram;
     3 rāśicakram, sign of the z.: rāśiḥ.

ZONE:
     I A girdle: q. v.: mekhalā.
     II Of the earth: *maṇḍalam (?), torrid, frigid z.: *gharmamaṇḍalam śītamaṇḍalam.

ZOOGRAPHY: *prāṇivivaraṇam and sim. comp. s.

ZOOLOGICAL: expr. by comp.

ZOOLOGIST: *jīvavijñānaviśārada (f. ); prāṇitattvavid (mfn.); and sim. comp. s.

ZOOLOGY: *jīvavijñānam; prāṇitattvam; and sim. comp. s.

ZOOTOMY: *jīvavyavacchedaḥ and sim. comp. s.