Book 13 Chapter 131 | |
1 | umovāca |
1 | bhagavan bhaganetraghna pūṣṇo daśanapātana
dakṣakratuhara tryakṣa saṃśayo me mahān ayam |
2 | cāturvarṇyaṃ bhagavatā pūrvaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ svayaṃbhuvā
kena karmavipākena vaiśyo gacchati śūdratām |
3 | vaiśyo vā kṣatriyaḥ kena dvijo vā kṣatriyo bhavet
pratilomaḥ kathaṃ deva śakyo dharmo niṣevitum |
4 | kena vā karmaṇā vipraḥ śūdrayonau prajāyate
kṣatriyaḥ śūdratām eti kena vā karmaṇā vibho |
5 | etaṃ me saṃśayaṃ deva vada bhūtapate 'nagha
trayo varṇāḥ prakṛtyeha kathaṃ brāhmaṇyam āpnuyuḥ |
6 | maheśvara uvāca |
6 | brāhmaṇyaṃ devi duṣprāpaṃ nisargād brāhmaṇaḥ śubhe
kṣatriyo vaiśyaśūdrau vā nisargād iti me matiḥ |
7 | karmaṇā duṣkṛteneha sthānād bhraśyati vai dvijaḥ
jyeṣṭhaṃ varṇam anuprāpya tasmād rakṣeta vai dvijaḥ |
8 | sthito brāhmaṇadharmeṇa brāhmaṇyam upajīvati
kṣatriyo vātha vaiśyo vā brahmabhūyāya gacchati |
9 | yas tu vipratvam utsṛjya kṣātraṃ dharmaṃ niṣevate
brāhmaṇyāt sa paribhraṣṭaḥ kṣatrayonau prajāyate |
10 | vaiśyakarma ca yo vipro lobhamohavyapāśrayaḥ
brāhmaṇyaṃ durlabhaṃ prāpya karoty alpamatiḥ sadā |
11 | sa dvijo vaiśyatām eti vaiśyo vā śūdratām iyāt
svadharmāt pracyuto vipras tataḥ śūdratvam āpnute |
12 | tatrāsau nirayaṃ prāpto varṇabhraṣṭo bahiṣkṛtaḥ
brahmalokaparibhraṣṭaḥ śūdraḥ samupajāyate |
13 | kṣatriyo vā mahābhāge vaiśyo vā dharmacāriṇi
svāni karmāṇy apāhāya śūdrakarmāṇi sevate |
14 | svasthānāt sa paribhraṣṭo varṇasaṃkaratāṃ gataḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyaḥ śūdratvaṃ yāti tādṛśaḥ |
15 | yas tu śuddhaḥ svadharmeṇa jñānavijñānavāñ śuciḥ
dharmajño dharmanirataḥ sa dharmaphalam aśnute |
16 | idaṃ caivāparaṃ devi brahmaṇā samudīritam
adhyātmaṃ naiṣṭhikaṃ sadbhir dharmakāmair niṣevyate |
17 | ugrānnaṃ garhitaṃ devi gaṇānnaṃ śrāddhasūtakam
ghuṣṭānnaṃ naiva bhoktavyaṃ śūdrānnaṃ naiva karhi cit |
18 | śūdrānnaṃ garhitaṃ devi devadevair mahātmabhiḥ
pitāmahamukhotsṛṣṭaṃ pramāṇam iti me matiḥ |
19 | śūdrānnenāvaśeṣeṇa jaṭhare yo mriyeta vai
āhitāgnis tathā yajvā sa śūdragatibhāg bhavet |
20 | tena śūdrānnaśeṣeṇa brahmasthānād apākṛtaḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ śūdratām eti nāsti tatra vicāraṇā |
21 | yasyānnenāvaśeṣeṇa jaṭhare yo mriyeta vai
tāṃ tāṃ yoniṃ vrajed vipro yasyānnam upajīvati |
22 | brāhmaṇatvaṃ śubhaṃ prāpya durlabhaṃ yo 'vamanyate
abhojyānnāni cāśnāti sa dvijatvāt pateta vai |
23 | surāpo brahmahā kṣudraś cauro bhagnavrato 'śuciḥ
svādhyāyavarjitaḥ pāpo lubdho naikṛtikaḥ śaṭhaḥ |
24 | avratī vṛṣalībhartā kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī
nihīnasevī vipro hi patati brahmayonitaḥ |
25 | gurutalpī gurudveṣī gurukutsāratiś ca yaḥ
brahmadviṭ cāpi patati brāhmaṇo brahmayonitaḥ |
26 | ebhis tu karmabhir devi śubhair ācaritais tathā
śūdro brāhmaṇatāṃ gacched vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyatāṃ vrajet |
27 | śūdrakarmāṇi sarvāṇi yathānyāyaṃ yathāvidhi
śuśrūṣāṃ paricaryāṃ ca jyeṣṭhe varṇe prayatnataḥ kuryād avimanāḥ śūdraḥ satataṃ satpathe sthitaḥ |
28 | daivatadvijasatkartā sarvātithyakṛtavrataḥ
ṛtukālābhigāmī ca niyato niyatāśanaḥ |
29 | caukṣaś caukṣajanānveṣī śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ
vṛthāmāṃsāny abhuñjānaḥ śūdro vaiśyatvam ṛcchati |
30 | ṛtavāg anahaṃvādī nirdvaṃdvaḥ śamakovidaḥ
yajate nityayajñaiś ca svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ |
31 | dānto brāhmaṇasatkartā sarvavarṇabubhūṣakaḥ
gṛhasthavratam ātiṣṭhan dvikālakṛtabhojanaḥ |
32 | śeṣāśī vijitāhāro niṣkāmo nirahaṃvadaḥ
agnihotram upāsaṃś ca juhvānaś ca yathāvidhi |
33 | sarvātithyam upātiṣṭhañ śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ
tretāgnimantravihito vaiśyo bhavati vai yadi sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyakule śucau mahati jāyate |
34 | sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyo jāto janmaprabhṛti saṃskṛtaḥ
upanīto vrataparo dvijo bhavati satkṛtaḥ |
35 | dadāti yajate yajñaiḥ saṃskṛtair āptadakṣiṇaiḥ
adhīte svargam anvicchaṃs tretāgniśaraṇaḥ sadā |
36 | ārtahastaprado nityaṃ prajā dharmeṇa pālayan
satyaḥ satyāni kurute nityaṃ yaḥ sukhadarśanaḥ |
37 | dharmadaṇḍo na nirdaṇḍo dharmakāryānuśāsakaḥ
yantritaḥ kāryakaraṇe ṣaḍbhāgakṛtalakṣaṇaḥ |
38 | grāmyadharmān na seveta svacchandenārthakovidaḥ
ṛtukāle tu dharmātmā patnīṃ seveta nityadā |
39 | sarvopavāsī niyataḥ svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ
barhiṣkāntarite nityaṃ śayāno 'gnigṛhe sadā |
40 | sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya kurvāṇaḥ sumanāḥ sadā
śūdrāṇāṃ cānnakāmānāṃ nityaṃ siddham iti bruvan |
41 | svārthād vā yadi vā kāmān na kiṃ cid upalakṣayet
pitṛdevātithikṛte sādhanaṃ kurute ca yaḥ |
42 | svaveśmani yathānyāyam upāste bhaikṣam eva ca
trikālam agnihotraṃ ca juhvāno vai yathāvidhi |
43 | gobrāhmaṇahitārthāya raṇe cābhimukho hataḥ
tretāgnimantrapūtaṃ vā samāviśya dvijo bhavet |
44 | jñānavijñānasaṃpannaḥ saṃskṛto vedapāragaḥ
vipro bhavati dharmātmā kṣatriyaḥ svena karmaṇā |
45 | etaiḥ karmaphalair devi nyūnajātikulodbhavaḥ
śūdro 'py āgamasaṃpanno dvijo bhavati saṃskṛtaḥ |
46 | brāhmaṇo vāpy asadvṛttaḥ sarvasaṃkarabhojanaḥ
brāhmaṇyaṃ puṇyam utsṛjya śūdro bhavati tādṛśaḥ |
47 | karmabhiḥ śucibhir devi śuddhātmā vijitendriyaḥ
śūdro 'pi dvijavat sevya iti brahmābravīt svayam |
48 | svabhāvakarma ca śubhaṃ yatra śūdre 'pi tiṣṭhati
viśuddhaḥ sa dvijātir vai vijñeya iti me matiḥ |
49 | na yonir nāpi saṃskāro na śrutaṃ na ca saṃnatiḥ
kāraṇāni dvijatvasya vṛttam eva tu kāraṇam |
50 | sarvo 'yaṃ brāhmaṇo loke vṛttena tu vidhīyate
vṛtte sthitaś ca suśroṇi brāhmaṇatvaṃ nigacchati |
51 | brāhmaḥ svabhāvaḥ kalyāṇi samaḥ sarvatra me matiḥ
nirguṇaṃ nirmalaṃ brahma yatra tiṣṭhati sa dvijaḥ |
52 | ete yoniphalā devi sthānabhāganidarśakāḥ
svayaṃ ca varadenoktā brahmaṇā sṛjatā prajāḥ |
53 | brāhmaṇo hi mahat kṣetraṃ loke carati pādavat
yat tatra bījaṃ vapati sā kṛṣiḥ pāralaukikī |
54 | mitāśinā sadā bhāvyaṃ satpathālambinā sadā
brāhmamārgam atikramya vartitavyaṃ bubhūṣatā |
55 | saṃhitādhyāyinā bhāvyaṃ gṛhe vai gṛhamedhinā
nityaṃ svādhyāyayuktena dānādhyayanajīvinā |
56 | evaṃbhūto hi yo vipraḥ satataṃ satpathe sthitaḥ
āhitāgnir adhīyāno brahmabhūyāya kalpate |
57 | brāhmaṇyam eva saṃprāpya rakṣitavyaṃ yatātmabhiḥ
yonipratigrahādānaiḥ karmabhiś ca śucismite |
58 | etat te sarvam ākhyātaṃ yathā śūdro bhaved dvijaḥ
brāhmaṇo vā cyuto dharmād yathā śūdratvam āpnute |