Book 13 Chapter 116 | |
1 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
1 | ahiṃsā paramo dharma ity uktaṃ bahuśas tvayā
śrāddheṣu ca bhavān āha pitṝn āmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ |
2 | māṃsair bahuvidhaiḥ proktas tvayā śrāddhavidhiḥ purā
ahatvā ca kuto māṃsam evam etad virudhyate |
3 | jāto naḥ saṃśayo dharme māṃsasya parivarjane
doṣo bhakṣayataḥ kaḥ syāt kaś cābhakṣayato guṇaḥ |
4 | hatvā bhakṣayato vāpi pareṇopahṛtasya vā
hanyād vā yaḥ parasyārthe krītvā vā bhakṣayen naraḥ |
5 | etad icchāmi tattvena kathyamānaṃ tvayānagha
niścayena cikīrṣāmi dharmam etaṃ sanātanam |
6 | katham āyur avāpnoti kathaṃ bhavati sattvavān
katham avyaṅgatām eti lakṣaṇyo jāyate katham |
7 | bhīṣma uvāca |
7 | māṃsasya bhakṣaṇe rājan yo 'dharmaḥ kurupuṃgava
taṃ me śṛṇu yathātattvaṃ yaś cāsya vidhir uttamaḥ |
8 | rūpam avyaṅgatām āyur buddhiṃ sattvaṃ balaṃ smṛtim
prāptukāmair narair hiṃsā varjitā vai kṛtātmabhiḥ |
9 | ṛṣīṇām atra saṃvādo bahuśaḥ kurupuṃgava
babhūva teṣāṃ tu mataṃ yat tac chṛṇu yudhiṣṭhira |
10 | yo yajetāśvamedhena māsi māsi yatavrataḥ
varjayen madhu māṃsaṃ ca samam etad yudhiṣṭhira |
11 | saptarṣayo vālakhilyās tathaiva ca marīcipāḥ
amāṃsabhakṣaṇaṃ rājan praśaṃsanti manīṣiṇaḥ |
12 | na bhakṣayati yo māṃsaṃ na hanyān na ca ghātayet
taṃ mitraṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ manuḥ svāyaṃbhuvo 'bravīt |
13 | adhṛṣyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ viśvāsyaḥ sarvajantuṣu
sādhūnāṃ saṃmato nityaṃ bhaven māṃsasya varjanāt |
14 | svamāṃsaṃ paramāṃsena yo vardhayitum icchati
nāradaḥ prāha dharmātmā niyataṃ so 'vasīdati |
15 | dadāti yajate cāpi tapasvī ca bhavaty api
madhumāṃsanivṛttyeti prāhaivaṃ sa bṛhaspatiḥ |
16 | māsi māsy aśvamedhena yo yajeta śataṃ samāḥ
na khādati ca yo māṃsaṃ samam etan mataṃ mama |
17 | sadā yajati satreṇa sadā dānaṃ prayacchati
sadā tapasvī bhavati madhumāṃsasya varjanāt |
18 | sarve vedā na tat kuryuḥ sarvayajñāś ca bhārata
yo bhakṣayitvā māṃsāni paścād api nivartate |
19 | duṣkaraṃ hi rasajñena māṃsasya parivarjanam
cartuṃ vratam idaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ sarvaprāṇyabhayapradam |
20 | sarvabhūteṣu yo vidvān dadāty abhayadakṣiṇām
dātā bhavati loke sa prāṇānāṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ |
21 | evaṃ vai paramaṃ dharmaṃ praśaṃsanti manīṣiṇaḥ
prāṇā yathātmano 'bhīṣṭā bhūtānām api te tathā |
22 | ātmaupamyena gantavyaṃ buddhimadbhir mahātmabhiḥ
mṛtyuto bhayam astīti viduṣāṃ bhūtim icchatām |
23 | kiṃ punar hanyamānānāṃ tarasā jīvitārthinām
arogāṇām apāpānāṃ pāpair māṃsopajīvibhiḥ |
24 | tasmād viddhi mahārāja māṃsasya parivarjanam
dharmasyāyatanaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ svargasya ca sukhasya ca |
25 | ahiṃsā paramo dharmas tathāhiṃsā paraṃ tapaḥ
ahiṃsā paramaṃ satyaṃ tato dharmaḥ pravartate |
26 | na hi māṃsaṃ tṛṇāt kāṣṭhād upalād vāpi jāyate
hatvā jantuṃ tato māṃsaṃ tasmād doṣo 'sya bhakṣaṇe |
27 | svāhāsvadhāmṛtabhujo devāḥ satyārjavapriyāḥ
kravyādān rākṣasān viddhi jihmānṛtaparāyaṇān |
28 | kāntāreṣv atha ghoreṣu durgeṣu gahaneṣu ca
rātrāv ahani saṃdhyāsu catvareṣu sabhāsu ca amāṃsabhakṣaṇe rājan bhayam ante na gacchati |
29 | yadi cet khādako na syān na tadā ghātako bhavet
ghātakaḥ khādakārthāya taṃ ghātayati vai naraḥ |
30 | abhakṣyam etad iti vā iti hiṃsā nivartate
khādakārtham ato hiṃsā mṛgādīnāṃ pravartate |
31 | yasmād grasati caivāyur hiṃsakānāṃ mahādyute
tasmād vivarjayen māṃsaṃ ya icched bhūtim ātmanaḥ |
32 | trātāraṃ nādhigacchanti raudrāḥ prāṇivihiṃsakāḥ
udvejanīyā bhūtānāṃ yathā vyālamṛgās tathā |
33 | lobhād vā buddhimohād vā balavīryārtham eva ca
saṃsargād vātha pāpānām adharmarucitā nṛṇām |
34 | svamāṃsaṃ paramāṃsena yo vardhayitum icchati
udvignavāse vasati yatratatrābhijāyate |
35 | dhanyaṃ yaśasyam āyuṣyaṃ svargyaṃ svastyayanaṃ mahat
māṃsasyābhakṣaṇaṃ prāhur niyatāḥ paramarṣayaḥ |
36 | idaṃ tu khalu kaunteya śrutam āsīt purā mayā
mārkaṇḍeyasya vadato ye doṣā māṃsabhakṣaṇe |
37 | yo hi khādati māṃsāni prāṇināṃ jīvitārthinām
hatānāṃ vā mṛtānāṃ vā yathā hantā tathaiva saḥ |
38 | dhanena krāyako hanti khādakaś copabhogataḥ
ghātako vadhabandhābhyām ity eṣa trividho vadhaḥ |
39 | akhādann anumodaṃś ca bhāvadoṣeṇa mānavaḥ
yo 'numanyeta hantavyaṃ so 'pi doṣeṇa lipyate |
40 | adhṛṣyaḥ sarvabhūtānām āyuṣmān nīrujaḥ sukhī
bhavaty abhakṣayan māṃsaṃ dayāvān prāṇinām iha |
41 | hiraṇyadānair godānair bhūmidānaiś ca sarvaśaḥ
māṃsasyābhakṣaṇe dharmo viśiṣṭaḥ syād iti śrutiḥ |
42 | aprokṣitaṃ vṛthāmāṃsaṃ vidhihīnaṃ na bhakṣayet
bhakṣayan nirayaṃ yāti naro nāsty atra saṃśayaḥ |
43 | prokṣitābhyukṣitaṃ māṃsaṃ tathā brāhmaṇakāmyayā
alpadoṣam iha jñeyaṃ viparīte tu lipyate |
44 | khādakasya kṛte jantuṃ yo hanyāt puruṣādhamaḥ
mahādoṣakaras tatra khādako na tu ghātakaḥ |
45 | ijyāyajñaśrutikṛtair yo mārgair abudho janaḥ
hanyāj jantuṃ māṃsagṛddhrī sa vai narakabhāṅ naraḥ |
46 | bhakṣayitvā tu yo māṃsaṃ paścād api nivartate
tasyāpi sumahān dharmo yaḥ pāpād vinivartate |
47 | āhartā cānumantā ca viśastā krayavikrayī
saṃskartā copabhoktā ca ghātakāḥ sarva eva te |
48 | idam anyat tu vakṣyāmi pramāṇaṃ vidhinirmitam
purāṇam ṛṣibhir juṣṭaṃ vedeṣu pariniścitam |
49 | pravṛttilakṣaṇe dharme phalārthibhir abhidrute
yathoktaṃ rājaśārdūla na tu tan mokṣakāṅkṣiṇām |
50 | havir yat saṃskṛtaṃ mantraiḥ prokṣitābhyukṣitaṃ śuci
vedoktena pramāṇena pitṝṇāṃ prakriyāsu ca ato 'nyathā vṛthāmāṃsam abhakṣyaṃ manur abravīt |
51 | asvargyam ayaśasyaṃ ca rakṣovad bharatarṣabha
vidhinā hi narāḥ pūrvaṃ māṃsaṃ rājann abhakṣayan |
52 | ya icchet puruṣo 'tyantam ātmānaṃ nirupadravam
sa varjayeta māṃsāni prāṇinām iha sarvaśaḥ |
53 | śrūyate hi purākalpe nṛṇāṃ vrīhimayaḥ paśuḥ
yenāyajanta yajvānaḥ puṇyalokaparāyaṇāḥ |
54 | ṛṣibhiḥ saṃśayaṃ pṛṣṭo vasuś cedipatiḥ purā
abhakṣyam iti māṃsaṃ sa prāha bhakṣyam iti prabho |
55 | ākāśān medinīṃ prāptas tataḥ sa pṛthivīpatiḥ
etad eva punaś coktvā viveśa dharaṇītalam |
56 | prajānāṃ hitakāmena tv agastyena mahātmanā
āraṇyāḥ sarvadaivatyāḥ prokṣitās tapasā mṛgāḥ |
57 | kriyā hy evaṃ na hīyante pitṛdaivatasaṃśritāḥ
prīyante pitaraś caiva nyāyato māṃsatarpitāḥ |
58 | idaṃ tu śṛṇu rājendra kīrtyamānaṃ mayānagha
abhakṣaṇe sarvasukhaṃ māṃsasya manujādhipa |
59 | yas tu varṣaśataṃ pūrṇaṃ tapas tapyet sudāruṇam
yaś caikaṃ varjayen māṃsaṃ samam etan mataṃ mama |
60 | kaumude tu viśeṣeṇa śuklapakṣe narādhipa
varjayet sarvamāṃsāni dharmo hy atra vidhīyate |
61 | caturo vārṣikān māsān yo māṃsaṃ parivarjayet
catvāri bhadrāṇy āpnoti kīrtim āyur yaśo balam |
62 | atha vā māsam apy ekaṃ sarvamāṃsāny abhakṣayan
atītya sarvaduḥkhāni sukhī jīven nirāmayaḥ |
63 | ye varjayanti māṃsāni māsaśaḥ pakṣaśo 'pi vā
teṣāṃ hiṃsānivṛttānāṃ brahmaloko vidhīyate |
64 | māṃsaṃ tu kaumudaṃ pakṣaṃ varjitaṃ pārtha rājabhiḥ
sarvabhūtātmabhūtais tair vijñātārthaparāvaraiḥ |
65 | nābhāgenāmbarīṣeṇa gayena ca mahātmanā
āyuṣā cānaraṇyena dilīparaghupūrubhiḥ |
66 | kārtavīryāniruddhābhyāṃ nahuṣeṇa yayātinā
nṛgeṇa viṣvagaśvena tathaiva śaśabindunā yuvanāśvena ca tathā śibinauśīnareṇa ca |
67 | śyenacitreṇa rājendra somakena vṛkeṇa ca
raivatena rantidevena vasunā sṛñjayena ca |
68 | duḥṣantena karūṣeṇa rāmālarkanalais tathā
virūpāśvena niminā janakena ca dhīmatā |
69 | silena pṛthunā caiva vīrasenena caiva ha
ikṣvākuṇā śaṃbhunā ca śvetena sagareṇa ca |
70 | etaiś cānyaiś ca rājendra purā māṃsaṃ na bhakṣitam
śāradaṃ kaumudaṃ māsaṃ tatas te svargam āpnuvan |
71 | brahmaloke ca tiṣṭhanti jvalamānāḥ śriyānvitāḥ
upāsyamānā gandharvaiḥ strīsahasrasamanvitāḥ |
72 | tad etad uttamaṃ dharmam ahiṃsālakṣaṇaṃ śubham
ye caranti mahātmāno nākapṛṣṭhe vasanti te |
73 | madhu māṃsaṃ ca ye nityaṃ varjayantīha dhārmikāḥ
janmaprabhṛti madyaṃ ca sarve te munayaḥ smṛtāḥ viśiṣṭatāṃ jñātiṣu ca labhante nātra saṃśayaḥ |
74 | āpannaś cāpado mucyed baddho mucyeta bandhanāt
mucyet tathāturo rogād duḥkhān mucyeta duḥkhitaḥ |
75 | tiryagyoniṃ na gaccheta rūpavāṃś ca bhaven naraḥ
buddhimān vai kuruśreṣṭha prāpnuyāc ca mahad yaśaḥ |
76 | etat te kathitaṃ rājan māṃsasya parivarjane
pravṛttau ca nivṛttau ca vidhānam ṛṣinirmitam |