Book 13 Chapter 48 | |
1 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
1 | arthāśrayād vā kāmād vā varṇānāṃ vāpy aniścayāt
ajñānād vāpi varṇānāṃ jāyate varṇasaṃkaraḥ |
2 | teṣām etena vidhinā jātānāṃ varṇasaṃkare
ko dharmaḥ kāni karmāṇi tan me brūhi pitāmaha |
3 | bhīṣma uvāca |
3 | cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi cāturvarṇyaṃ ca kevalam
asṛjat sa ha yajñārthe pūrvam eva prajāpatiḥ |
4 | bhāryāś catasro viprasya dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
ānupūrvyād dvayor hīnau mātṛjātyau prasūyataḥ |
5 | paraṃ śavād brāhmaṇasyaiṣa putraḥ; śūdrāputraṃ pāraśavaṃ tam āhuḥ
śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syāt; svaṃ cāritraṃ nityam atho na jahyāt |
6 | sarvān upāyān api saṃpradhārya; samuddharet svasya kulasya tantum
jyeṣṭho yavīyān api yo dvijasya; śuśrūṣavān dānaparāyaṇaḥ syāt |
7 | tisraḥ kṣatriyasaṃbandhād dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
hīnavarṇas tṛtīyāyāṃ śūdra ugra iti smṛtaḥ |
8 | dve cāpi bhārye vaiśyasya dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
śūdrā śūdrasya cāpy ekā śūdram eva prajāyate |
9 | ato viśiṣṭas tv adhamo gurudārapradharṣakaḥ
bāhyaṃ varṇaṃ janayati cāturvarṇyavigarhitam |
10 | ayājyaṃ kṣatriyo vrātyaṃ sūtaṃ stomakriyāparam
vaiśyo vaidehakaṃ cāpi maudgalyam apavarjitam |
11 | śūdraś caṇḍālam atyugraṃ vadhyaghnaṃ bāhyavāsinam
brāhmaṇyāṃ saṃprajāyanta ity ete kulapāṃsanāḥ ete matimatāṃ śreṣṭha varṇasaṃkarajāḥ prabho |
12 | bandī tu jāyate vaiśyān māgadho vākyajīvanaḥ
śūdrān niṣādo matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyāṃ vyatikramāt |
13 | śūdrād āyogavaś cāpi vaiśyāyāṃ grāmadharmiṇaḥ
brāhmaṇair apratigrāhyas takṣā sa vanajīvanaḥ |
14 | ete 'pi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu
mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravarā hīnayoniṣu |
15 | yathā caturṣu varṇeṣu dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
ānantaryāt tu jāyante tathā bāhyāḥ pradhānataḥ |
16 | te cāpi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu
parasparasya vartanto janayanti vigarhitān |
17 | yathā ca śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ jantuṃ bāhyaṃ prasūyate
evaṃ bāhyatarād bāhyaś cāturvarṇyāt prasūyate |
18 | pratilomaṃ tu vartanto bāhyād bāhyataraṃ punaḥ
hīnā hīnāt prasūyante varṇāḥ pañcadaśaiva te |
19 | agamyāgamanāc caiva vartate varṇasaṃkaraḥ
vrātyānām atra jāyante sairandhrā māgadheṣu ca prasādhanopacārajñam adāsaṃ dāsajīvanam |
20 | ataś cāyogavaṃ sūte vāgurāvanajīvanam
maireyakaṃ ca vaidehaḥ saṃprasūte 'tha mādhukam |
21 | niṣādo mudgaraṃ sūte dāśaṃ nāvopajīvinam
mṛtapaṃ cāpi caṇḍālaḥ śvapākam atikutsitam |
22 | caturo māgadhī sūte krūrān māyopajīvinaḥ
māṃsasvādukaraṃ sūdaṃ saugandham iti saṃjñitam |
23 | vaidehakāc ca pāpiṣṭhaṃ krūraṃ bhāryopajīvinam
niṣādān madranābhaṃ ca kharayānaprayāyinam |
24 | caṇḍālāt pulkasaṃ cāpi kharāśvagajabhojinam
mṛtacelapraticchannaṃ bhinnabhājanabhojinam |
25 | āyogavīṣu jāyante hīnavarṇāsu te trayaḥ
kṣudro vaidehakād andhro bahir grāmapratiśrayaḥ |
26 | kārāvaro niṣādyāṃ tu carmakārāt prajāyate
caṇḍālāt pāṇḍusaupākas tvaksāravyavahāravān |
27 | āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyāṃ saṃprajāyate
caṇḍālena tu saupāko maudgalyasamavṛttimān |
28 | niṣādī cāpi caṇḍālāt putram antāvasāyinam
śmaśānagocaraṃ sūte bāhyair api bahiṣkṛtam |
29 | ity etāḥ saṃkare jātyaḥ pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt
pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ |
30 | caturṇām eva varṇānāṃ dharmo nānyasya vidyate
varṇānāṃ dharmahīneṣu saṃjñā nāstīha kasya cit |
31 | yadṛcchayopasaṃpannair yajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ
bāhyā bāhyais tu jāyante yathāvṛtti yathāśrayam |
32 | catuṣpathaśmaśānāni śailāṃś cānyān vanaspatīn
yuñjante cāpy alaṃkārāṃs tathopakaraṇāni ca |
33 | gobrāhmaṇārthe sāhāyyaṃ kurvāṇā vai na saṃśayaḥ
ānṛśaṃsyam anukrośaḥ satyavākyam atha kṣamā |
34 | svaśarīraiḥ paritrāṇaṃ bāhyānāṃ siddhikārakam
manujavyāghra bhavati tatra me nāsti saṃśayaḥ |
35 | yathopadeśaṃ parikīrtitāsu; naraḥ prajāyeta vicārya buddhimān
vihīnayonir hi suto 'vasādayet; titīrṣamāṇaṃ salile yathopalam |
36 | avidvāṃsam alaṃ loke vidvāṃsam api vā punaḥ
nayante hy utpathaṃ nāryaḥ kāmakrodhavaśānugam |
37 | svabhāvaś caiva nārīṇāṃ narāṇām iha dūṣaṇam
ityarthaṃ na prasajjante pramadāsu vipaścitaḥ |
38 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
38 | varṇāpetam avijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam
āryarūpam ivānāryaṃ kathaṃ vidyāmahe nṛpa |
39 | bhīṣma uvāca |
39 | yonisaṃkaluṣe jātaṃ nānācārasamāhitam
karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇair vijñeyā yoniśuddhatā |
40 | anāryatvam anācāraḥ krūratvaṃ niṣkriyātmatā
puruṣaṃ vyañjayantīha loke kaluṣayonijam |
41 | pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ mātṛjaṃ vā tathobhayam
na kathaṃ cana saṃkīrṇaḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati |
42 | yathaiva sadṛśo rūpe mātāpitror hi jāyate
vyāghraś citrais tathā yoniṃ puruṣaḥ svāṃ niyacchati |
43 | kulasrotasi saṃchanne yasya syād yonisaṃkaraḥ
saṃśrayaty eva tacchīlaṃ naro 'lpam api vā bahu |
44 | āryarūpasamācāraṃ carantaṃ kṛtake pathi
svavarṇam anyavarṇaṃ vā svaśīlaṃ śāsti niścaye |
45 | nānāvṛtteṣu bhūteṣu nānākarmarateṣu ca
janmavṛttasamaṃ loke suśliṣṭaṃ na virajyate |
46 | śarīram iha sattvena narasya parikṛṣyate
jyeṣṭhamadhyāvaraṃ sattvaṃ tulyasattvaṃ pramodate |
47 | jyāyāṃsam api śīlena vihīnaṃ naiva pūjayet
api śūdraṃ tu sadvṛttaṃ dharmajñam abhipūjayet |
48 | ātmānam ākhyāti hi karmabhir naraḥ; svaśīlacāritrakṛtaiḥ śubhāśubhaiḥ
pranaṣṭam apy ātmakulaṃ tathā naraḥ; punaḥ prakāśaṃ kurute svakarmabhiḥ |
49 | yoniṣv etāsu sarvāsu saṃkīrṇāsv itarāsu ca
yatrātmānaṃ na janayed budhas tāḥ parivarjayet |