Book 13 Chapter 47 | |
1 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
1 | sarvaśāstravidhānajña rājadharmārthavittama
atīva saṃśayacchettā bhavān vai prathitaḥ kṣitau |
2 | kaś cit tu saṃśayo me 'sti tan me brūhi pitāmaha
asyām āpadi kaṣṭāyām anyaṃ pṛcchāma kaṃ vayam |
3 | yathā nareṇa kartavyaṃ yaś ca dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
etat sarvaṃ mahābāho bhavān vyākhyātum arhati |
4 | catasro vihitā bhāryā brāhmaṇasya pitāmaha
brāhmaṇī kṣatriyā vaiśyā śūdrā ca ratim icchataḥ |
5 | tatra jāteṣu putreṣu sarvāsāṃ kurusattama
ānupūrvyeṇa kas teṣāṃ pitryaṃ dāyādyam arhati |
6 | kena vā kiṃ tato hāryaṃ pitṛvittāt pitāmaha
etad icchāmi kathitaṃ vibhāgas teṣu yaḥ smṛtaḥ |
7 | bhīṣma uvāca |
7 | brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ
eteṣu vihito dharmo brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira |
8 | vaiṣamyād atha vā lobhāt kāmād vāpi paraṃtapa
brāhmaṇasya bhavec chūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā |
9 | śūdrāṃ śayanam āropya brāhmaṇaḥ pīḍito bhavet
prāyaścittīyate cāpi vidhidṛṣṭena hetunā |
10 | tatra jāteṣv apatyeṣu dviguṇaṃ syād yudhiṣṭhira
atas te niyamaṃ vitte saṃpravakṣyāmi bhārata |
11 | lakṣaṇyo govṛṣo yānaṃ yat pradhānatamaṃ bhavet
brāhmaṇyās tad dharet putra ekāṃśaṃ vai pitur dhanāt |
12 | śeṣaṃ tu daśadhā kāryaṃ brāhmaṇasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira
tatra tenaiva hartavyāś catvāro 'ṃśāḥ pitur dhanāt |
13 | kṣatriyāyās tu yaḥ putro brāhmaṇaḥ so 'py asaṃśayaḥ
sa tu mātṛviśeṣeṇa trīn aṃśān hartum arhati |
14 | varṇe tṛtīye jātas tu vaiśyāyāṃ brāhmaṇād api
dviraṃśas tena hartavyo brāhmaṇasvād yudhiṣṭhira |
15 | śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto nityādeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ
alpaṃ vāpi pradātavyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata |
16 | daśadhā pravibhaktasya dhanasyaiṣa bhavet kramaḥ
savarṇāsu tu jātānāṃ samān bhāgān prakalpayet |
17 | abrāhmaṇaṃ tu manyante śūdrāputram anaipuṇāt
triṣu varṇeṣu jāto hi brāhmaṇād brāhmaṇo bhavet |
18 | smṛtā varṇāś ca catvāraḥ pañcamo nādhigamyate
haret tu daśamaṃ bhāgaṃ śūdrāputraḥ pitur dhanāt |
19 | tat tu dattaṃ haret pitrā nādattaṃ hartum arhati
avaśyaṃ hi dhanaṃ deyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata |
20 | ānṛśaṃsyaṃ paro dharma iti tasmai pradīyate
yatra tatra samutpanno guṇāyaivopakalpate |
21 | yadi vāpy ekaputraḥ syād aputro yadi vā bhavet
nādhikaṃ daśamād dadyāc chūdrāputrāya bhārata |
22 | traivārṣikād yadā bhaktād adhikaṃ syād dvijasya tu
yajeta tena dravyeṇa na vṛthā sādhayed dhanam |
23 | trisāhasraparo dāyaḥ striyo deyo dhanasya vai
tac ca bhartrā dhanaṃ dattaṃ nādattaṃ bhoktum arhati |
24 | strīṇāṃ tu patidāyādyam upabhogaphalaṃ smṛtam
nāpahāraṃ striyaḥ kuryuḥ pativittāt kathaṃ cana |
25 | striyās tu yad bhaved vittaṃ pitrā dattaṃ yudhiṣṭhira
brāhmaṇyās tad dharet kanyā yathā putras tathā hi sā sā hi putrasamā rājan vihitā kurunandana |
26 | evam etat samuddiṣṭaṃ dharmeṣu bharatarṣabha
etad dharmam anusmṛtya na vṛthā sādhayed dhanam |
27 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
27 | śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto yady adeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ
kena prativiśeṣeṇa daśamo 'py asya dīyate |
28 | brāhmaṇyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto brāhmaṇaḥ syān na saṃśayaḥ
kṣatriyāyāṃ tathaiva syād vaiśyāyām api caiva hi |
29 | kasmāt te viṣamaṃ bhāgaṃ bhajeran nṛpasattama
yadā sarve trayo varṇās tvayoktā brāhmaṇā iti |
30 | bhīṣma uvāca |
30 | dārā ity ucyate loke nāmnaikena paraṃtapa
proktena caikanāmnāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ sumahān bhavet |
31 | tisraḥ kṛtvā puro bhāryāḥ paścād vindeta brāhmaṇīm
sā jyeṣṭhā sā ca pūjyā syāt sā ca tābhyo garīyasī |
32 | snānaṃ prasādhanaṃ bhartur dantadhāvanam añjanam
havyaṃ kavyaṃ ca yac cānyad dharmayuktaṃ bhaved gṛhe |
33 | na tasyāṃ jātu tiṣṭhantyām anyā tat kartum arhati
brāhmaṇī tv eva tat kuryād brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira |
34 | annaṃ pānaṃ ca mālyaṃ ca vāsāṃsy ābharaṇāni ca
brāhmaṇyai tāni deyāni bhartuḥ sā hi garīyasī |
35 | manunābhihitaṃ śāstraṃ yac cāpi kurunandana
tatrāpy eṣa mahārāja dṛṣṭo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ |
36 | atha ced anyathā kuryād yadi kāmād yudhiṣṭhira
yathā brāhmaṇacaṇḍālaḥ pūrvadṛṣṭas tathaiva saḥ |
37 | brāhmaṇyāḥ sadṛśaḥ putraḥ kṣatriyāyāś ca yo bhavet
rājan viśeṣo nāsty atra varṇayor ubhayor api |
38 | na tu jātyā samā loke brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet
brāhmaṇyāḥ prathamaḥ putro bhūyān syād rājasattama bhūyo 'pi bhūyasā hāryaṃ pitṛvittād yudhiṣṭhira |
39 | yathā na sadṛśī jātu brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet
kṣatriyāyās tathā vaiśyā na jātu sadṛśī bhavet |
40 | śrīś ca rājyaṃ ca kośaś ca kṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira
vihitaṃ dṛśyate rājan sāgarāntā ca medinī |
41 | kṣatriyo hi svadharmeṇa śriyaṃ prāpnoti bhūyasīm
rājā daṇḍadharo rājan rakṣā nānyatra kṣatriyāt |
42 | brāhmaṇā hi mahābhāgā devānām api devatāḥ
teṣu rājā pravarteta pūjayā vidhipūrvakam |
43 | praṇītam ṛṣibhir jñātvā dharmaṃ śāśvatam avyayam
lupyamānāḥ svadharmeṇa kṣatriyo rakṣati prajāḥ |
44 | dasyubhir hriyamāṇaṃ ca dhanaṃ dārāś ca sarvaśaḥ
sarveṣām eva varṇānāṃ trātā bhavati pārthivaḥ |
45 | bhūyān syāt kṣatriyāputro vaiśyāputrān na saṃśayaḥ
bhūyas tenāpi hartavyaṃ pitṛvittād yudhiṣṭhira |
46 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
46 | uktaṃ te vidhivad rājan brāhmaṇasve pitāmaha
itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ kathaṃ viniyamo bhavet |
47 | bhīṣma uvāca |
47 | kṣatriyasyāpi bhārye dve vihite kurunandana
tṛtīyā ca bhavec chūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā |
48 | eṣa eva kramo hi syāt kṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira
aṣṭadhā tu bhavet kāryaṃ kṣatriyasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
49 | kṣatriyāyā haret putraś caturo 'ṃśān pitur dhanāt
yuddhāvahārikaṃ yac ca pituḥ syāt sa harec ca tat |
50 | vaiśyāputras tu bhāgāṃs trīn śūdrāputras tathāṣṭamam
so 'pi dattaṃ haret pitrā nādattaṃ hartum arhati |
51 | ekaiva hi bhaved bhāryā vaiśyasya kurunandana
dvitīyā vā bhavec chūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā |
52 | vaiśyasya vartamānasya vaiśyāyāṃ bharatarṣabha
śūdrāyāṃ caiva kaunteya tayor viniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ |
53 | pañcadhā tu bhavet kāryaṃ vaiśyasvaṃ bharatarṣabha
tayor apatye vakṣyāmi vibhāgaṃ ca janādhipa |
54 | vaiśyāputreṇa hartavyāś catvāro 'ṃśāḥ pitur dhanāt
pañcamas tu bhaved bhāgaḥ śūdrāputrāya bhārata |
55 | so 'pi dattaṃ haret pitrā nādattaṃ hartum arhati
tribhir varṇais tathā jātaḥ śūdro deyadhano bhavet |
56 | śūdrasya syāt savarṇaiva bhāryā nānyā kathaṃ cana
śūdrasya samabhāgaḥ syād yadi putraśataṃ bhavet |
57 | jātānāṃ samavarṇāsu putrāṇām aviśeṣataḥ
sarveṣām eva varṇānāṃ samabhāgo dhane smṛtaḥ |
58 | jyeṣṭhasya bhāgo jyeṣṭhaḥ syād ekāṃśo yaḥ pradhānataḥ
eṣa dāyavidhiḥ pārtha pūrvam uktaḥ svayaṃbhuvā |
59 | samavarṇāsu jātānāṃ viśeṣo 'sty aparo nṛpa
vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvo viśiṣyate |
60 | harej jyeṣṭhaḥ pradhānāṃśam ekaṃ tulyāsuteṣv api
madhyamo madhyamaṃ caiva kanīyāṃs tu kanīyasam |
61 | evaṃ jātiṣu sarvāsu savarṇāḥ śreṣṭhatāṃ gatāḥ
maharṣir api caitad vai mārīcaḥ kāśyapo 'bravīt |