 | Book 12 Chapter 290
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| 1 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
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| 1 | samyak tvayāyaṃ nṛpate varṇitaḥ śiṣṭasaṃmataḥ
yogamārgo yathānyāyaṃ śiṣyāyeha hitaiṣiṇā
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| 2 | sāṃkhye tv idānīṃ kārtsnyena vidhiṃ prabrūhi pṛcchate
triṣu lokeṣu yaj jñānaṃ sarvaṃ tad viditaṃ hi te
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| 3 | bhīṣma uvāca
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| 3 | śṛṇu me tvam idaṃ śuddhaṃ sāṃkhyānāṃ viditātmanām
vihitaṃ yatibhir buddhaiḥ kapilādibhir īśvaraiḥ
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| 4 | yasmin na vibhramāḥ ke cid dṛśyante manujarṣabha
guṇāś ca yasmin bahavo doṣahāniś ca kevalā
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| 5 | jñānena parisaṃkhyāya sadoṣān viṣayān nṛpa
mānuṣān durjayān kṛtsnān paiśācān viṣayāṃs tathā
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| 6 | rākṣasān viṣayāñ jñātvā yakṣāṇāṃ viṣayāṃs tathā
viṣayān auragāñ jñātvā gāndharvaviṣayāṃs tathā
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| 7 | pitṝṇāṃ viṣayāñ jñātvā tiryakṣu caratāṃ nṛpa
suparṇaviṣayāñ jñātvā marutāṃ viṣayāṃs tathā
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| 8 | rājarṣiviṣayāñ jñātvā brahmarṣiviṣayāṃs tathā
āsurān viṣayāñ jñātvā vaiśvadevāṃs tathaiva ca
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| 9 | devarṣiviṣayāñ jñātvā yogānām api ceśvarān
viṣayāṃś ca prajeśānāṃ brahmaṇo viṣayāṃs tathā
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| 10 | āyuṣaś ca paraṃ kālaṃ loke vijñāya tattvataḥ
sukhasya ca paraṃ tattvaṃ vijñāya vadatāṃ vara
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| 11 | prāpte kāle ca yad duḥkhaṃ patatāṃ viṣayaiṣiṇām
tiryak ca patatāṃ duḥkhaṃ patatāṃ narake ca yat
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| 12 | svargasya ca guṇān kṛtsnān doṣān sarvāṃś ca bhārata
vedavāde ca ye doṣā guṇā ye cāpi vaidikāḥ
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| 13 | jñānayoge ca ye doṣā guṇā yoge ca ye nṛpa
sāṃkhyajñāne ca ye doṣās tathaiva ca guṇā nṛpa
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| 14 | sattvaṃ daśaguṇaṃ jñātvā rajo navaguṇaṃ tathā
tamaś cāṣṭaguṇaṃ jñātvā buddhiṃ saptaguṇāṃ tathā
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| 15 | ṣaḍguṇaṃ ca nabho jñātvā manaḥ pañcaguṇaṃ tathā
buddhiṃ caturguṇāṃ jñātvā tamaś ca triguṇaṃ mahat
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| 16 | dviguṇaṃ ca rajo jñātvā sattvam ekaguṇaṃ punaḥ
mārgaṃ vijñāya tattvena pralaye prekṣaṇaṃ tathā
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| 17 | jñānavijñānasaṃpannāḥ kāraṇair bhāvitāḥ śubhaiḥ
prāpnuvanti śubhaṃ mokṣaṃ sūkṣmā iha nabhaḥ param
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| 18 | rūpeṇa dṛṣṭiṃ saṃyuktāṃ ghrāṇaṃ gandhaguṇena ca
śabde saktaṃ tathā śrotraṃ jihvāṃ rasaguṇeṣu ca
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| 19 | tanuṃ sparśe tathā saktāṃ vāyuṃ nabhasi cāśritam
mohaṃ tamasi saṃsaktaṃ lobham artheṣu saṃśritam
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| 20 | viṣṇuṃ krānte bale śakraṃ koṣṭhe saktaṃ tathānalam
apsu devīṃ tathā saktām apas tejasi cāśritāḥ
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| 21 | tejo vāyau tu saṃsaktaṃ vāyuṃ nabhasi cāśritam
nabho mahati saṃyuktaṃ mahad buddhau ca saṃśritam
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| 22 | buddhiṃ tamasi saṃsaktāṃ tamo rajasi cāśritam
rajaḥ sattve tathā saktaṃ sattvaṃ saktaṃ tathātmani
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| 23 | saktam ātmānam īśe ca deve nārāyaṇe tathā
devaṃ mokṣe ca saṃsaktaṃ mokṣaṃ saktaṃ tu na kva cit
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| 24 | jñātvā sattvayutaṃ dehaṃ vṛtaṃ ṣoḍaśabhir guṇaiḥ
svabhāvaṃ cetanāṃ caiva jñātvā vai deham āśrite
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| 25 | madhyastham ekam ātmānaṃ pāpaṃ yasmin na vidyate
dvitīyaṃ karma vijñāya nṛpate viṣayaiṣiṇām
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| 26 | indriyāṇīndriyārthāṃś ca sarvān ātmani saṃśritān
prāṇāpānau samānaṃ ca vyānodānau ca tattvataḥ
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| 27 | avāk caivānilaṃ jñātvā pravahaṃ cānilaṃ punaḥ
sapta vātāṃs tathā śeṣān saptadhā vidhivat punaḥ
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| 28 | prajāpatīn ṛṣīṃś caiva mārgāṃś ca subahūn varān
saptarṣīṃś ca bahūñ jñātvā rājarṣīṃś ca paraṃtapa
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| 29 | surarṣīn mahataś cānyān maharṣīn sūryasaṃnibhān
aiśvaryāc cyāvitāñ jñātvā kālena mahatā nṛpa
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| 30 | mahatāṃ bhūtasaṃghānāṃ śrutvā nāśaṃ ca pārthiva
gatiṃ cāpy aśubhāṃ jñātvā nṛpate pāpakarmaṇām
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| 31 | vaitaraṇyāṃ ca yad duḥkhaṃ patitānāṃ yamakṣaye
yonīṣu ca vicitrāsu saṃsārān aśubhāṃs tathā
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| 32 | jaṭhare cāśubhe vāsaṃ śoṇitodakabhājane
śleṣmamūtrapurīṣe ca tīvragandhasamanvite
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| 33 | śukraśoṇitasaṃghāte majjāsnāyuparigrahe
sirāśatasamākīrṇe navadvāre pure 'śucau
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| 34 | vijñāyāhitam ātmānaṃ yogāṃś ca vividhān nṛpa
tāmasānāṃ ca jantūnāṃ ramaṇīyāvṛtātmanām
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| 35 | sāttvikānāṃ ca jantūnāṃ kutsitaṃ bharatarṣabha
garhitaṃ mahatām arthe sāṃkhyānāṃ viditātmanām
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| 36 | upaplavāṃs tathā ghorāñ śaśinas tejasas tathā
tārāṇāṃ patanaṃ dṛṣṭvā nakṣatrāṇāṃ ca paryayam
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| 37 | dvaṃdvānāṃ viprayogaṃ ca vijñāya kṛpaṇaṃ nṛpa
anyonyabhakṣaṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhūtānām api cāśubham
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| 38 | bālye mohaṃ ca vijñāya kṣayaṃ dehasya cāśubham
rāge mohe ca saṃprāpte kva cit sattvaṃ samāśritam
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| 39 | sahasreṣu naraḥ kaś cin mokṣabuddhiṃ samāśritaḥ
durlabhatvaṃ ca mokṣasya vijñāya śrutipūrvakam
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| 40 | bahumānam alabdheṣu labdhe madhyasthatāṃ punaḥ
viṣayāṇāṃ ca daurātmyaṃ vijñāya nṛpate punaḥ
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| 41 | gatāsūnāṃ ca kaunteya dehān dṛṣṭvā tathāśubhān
vāsaṃ kuleṣu jantūnāṃ duḥkhaṃ vijñāya bhārata
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| 42 | brahmaghnānāṃ gatiṃ jñātvā patitānāṃ sudāruṇām
surāpāne ca saktānāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ durātmanām
gurudāraprasaktānāṃ gatiṃ vijñāya cāśubhām
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| 43 | jananīṣu ca vartante ye na samyag yudhiṣṭhira
sadevakeṣu lokeṣu ye na vartanti mānavāḥ
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| 44 | tena jñānena vijñāya gatiṃ cāśubhakarmaṇām
tiryagyonigatānāṃ ca vijñāya gatayaḥ pṛthak
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| 45 | vedavādāṃs tathā citrān ṛtūnāṃ paryayāṃs tathā
kṣayaṃ saṃvatsarāṇāṃ ca māsānāṃ prakṣayaṃ tathā
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| 46 | pakṣakṣayaṃ tathā dṛṣṭvā divasānāṃ ca saṃkṣayam
kṣayaṃ vṛddhiṃ ca candrasya dṛṣṭvā pratyakṣatas tathā
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| 47 | vṛddhiṃ dṛṣṭvā samudrāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ teṣāṃ tathā punaḥ
kṣayaṃ dhanānāṃ ca tathā punar vṛddhiṃ tathaiva ca
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| 48 | saṃyogānāṃ kṣayaṃ dṛṣṭvā yugānāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ
kṣayaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā śailānāṃ kṣayaṃ ca saritāṃ tathā
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| 49 | varṇānāṃ ca kṣayaṃ dṛṣṭvā kṣayāntaṃ ca punaḥ punaḥ
jarāmṛtyuṃ tathā janma dṛṣṭvā duḥkhāni caiva ha
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| 50 | dehadoṣāṃs tathā jñātvā teṣāṃ duḥkhaṃ ca tattvataḥ
dehaviklavatāṃ caiva samyag vijñāya bhārata
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| 51 | ātmadoṣāṃś ca vijñāya sarvān ātmani saṃśritān
svadehād utthitān gandhāṃs tathā vijñāya cāśubhān
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| 52 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
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| 52 | kān svagātrodbhavān doṣān paśyasy amitavikrama
etan me saṃśayaṃ kṛtsnaṃ vaktum arhasi tattvataḥ
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| 53 | bhīṣma uvāca
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| 53 | pañca doṣān prabho dehe pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ
mārgajñāḥ kāpilāḥ sāṃkhyāḥ śṛṇu tān arisūdana
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| 54 | kāmakrodhau bhayaṃ nidrā pañcamaḥ śvāsa ucyate
ete doṣāḥ śarīreṣu dṛśyante sarvadehinām
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| 55 | chindanti kṣamayā krodhaṃ kāmaṃ saṃkalpavarjanāt
sattvasaṃśīlanān nidrām apramādād bhayaṃ tathā
chindanti pañcamaṃ śvāsaṃ laghvāhāratayā nṛpa
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| 56 | guṇān guṇaśatair jñātvā doṣān doṣaśatair api
hetūn hetuśataiś citraiś citrān vijñāya tattvataḥ
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| 57 | apāṃ phenopamaṃ lokaṃ viṣṇor māyāśatair vṛtam
cittabhittipratīkāśaṃ nalasāram anarthakam
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| 58 | tamaḥ śvabhranibhaṃ dṛṣṭvā varṣabudbudasaṃnibham
nāśaprāyaṃ sukhād dhīnaṃ nāśottaram abhāvagam
rajas tamasi saṃmagnaṃ paṅke dvipam ivāvaśam
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| 59 | sāṃkhyā rājan mahāprājñās tyaktvā dehaṃ prajākṛtam
jñānajñeyena sāṃkhyena vyāpinā mahatā nṛpa
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| 60 | rājasān aśubhān gandhāṃs tāmasāṃś ca tathāvidhān
puṇyāṃś ca sāttvikān gandhān sparśajān dehasaṃśritān
chittvāśu jñānaśastreṇa tapodaṇḍena bhārata
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| 61 | tato duḥkhodakaṃ ghoraṃ cintāśokamahāhradam
vyādhimṛtyumahāgrāhaṃ mahābhayamahoragam
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| 62 | tamaḥkūrmaṃ rajomīnaṃ prajñayā saṃtaranty uta
snehapaṅkaṃ jarādurgaṃ sparśadvīpam ariṃdama
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| 63 | karmāgādhaṃ satyatīraṃ sthitavratam idaṃ nṛpa
hiṃsāśīghramahāvegaṃ nānārasamahākaram
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| 64 | nānāprītimahāratnaṃ duḥkhajvarasamīraṇam
śokatṛṣṇāmahāvartaṃ tīkṣṇavyādhimahāgajam
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| 65 | asthisaṃghātasaṃghāṭaṃ śleṣmaphenam ariṃdama
dānamuktākaraṃ bhīmaṃ śoṇitahradavidrumam
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| 66 | hasitotkruṣṭanirghoṣaṃ nānājñānasudustaram
rodanāśrumalakṣāraṃ saṅgatyāgaparāyaṇam
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| 67 | punar ājanmalokaughaṃ putrabāndhavapattanam
ahiṃsāsatyamaryādaṃ prāṇatyāgamahormiṇam
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| 68 | vedāntagamanadvīpaṃ sarvabhūtadayodadhim
mokṣaduṣprāpaviṣayaṃ vaḍavāmukhasāgaram
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| 69 | taranti munayaḥ siddhā jñānayogena bhārata
tīrtvā ca dustaraṃ janma viśanti vimalaṃ nabhaḥ
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| 70 | tatas tān sukṛtīn sāṃkhyān sūryo vahati raśmibhiḥ
padmatantuvad āviśya pravahan viṣayān nṛpa
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| 71 | tatra tān pravaho vāyuḥ pratigṛhṇāti bhārata
vītarāgān yatīn siddhān vīryayuktāṃs tapodhanān
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| 72 | sūkṣmaḥ śītaḥ sugandhī ca sukhasparśaś ca bhārata
saptānāṃ marutāṃ śreṣṭho lokān gacchati yaḥ śubhān
sa tān vahati kaunteya nabhasaḥ paramāṃ gatim
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| 73 | nabho vahati lokeśa rajasaḥ paramāṃ gatim
rajo vahati rājendra sattvasya paramāṃ gatim
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| 74 | sattvaṃ vahati śuddhātman paraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ prabhum
prabhur vahati śuddhātmā paramātmānam ātmanā
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| 75 | paramātmānam āsādya tadbhūtāyatanāmalāḥ
amṛtatvāya kalpante na nivartanti cābhibho
paramā sā gatiḥ pārtha nirdvaṃdvānāṃ mahātmanām
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| 76 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
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| 76 | sthānam uttamam āsādya bhagavantaṃ sthiravratāḥ
ājanmamaraṇaṃ vā te smaranty uta na vānagha
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| 77 | yad atra tathyaṃ tan me tvaṃ yathāvad vaktum arhasi
tvad ṛte mānavaṃ nānyaṃ praṣṭum arhāmi kaurava
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| 78 | mokṣadoṣo mahān eṣa prāpya siddhiṃ gatān ṛṣīn
yadi tatraiva vijñāne vartante yatayaḥ pare
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| 79 | pravṛttilakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ paśyāmi paramaṃ nṛpa
magnasya hi pare jñāne kiṃ nu duḥkhataraṃ bhavet
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| 80 | bhīṣma uvāca
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| 80 | yathānyāyaṃ tvayā tāta praśnaḥ pṛṣṭaḥ susaṃkaṭaḥ
buddhānām api saṃmohaḥ praśne 'smin bharatarṣabha
atrāpi tattvaṃ paramaṃ śṛṇu samyaṅ mayeritam
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| 81 | buddhiś ca paramā yatra kāpilānāṃ mahātmanām
indriyāṇy api budhyante svadehaṃ dehino nṛpa
kāraṇāny ātmanas tāni sūkṣmaḥ paśyati tais tu saḥ
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| 82 | ātmanā viprahīṇāni kāṣṭhakuḍyasamāni tu
vinaśyanti na saṃdehaḥ phenā iva mahārṇave
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| 83 | indriyaiḥ saha suptasya dehinaḥ śatrutāpana
sūkṣmaś carati sarvatra nabhasīva samīraṇaḥ
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| 84 | sa paśyati yathānyāyaṃ sparśān spṛśati cābhibho
budhyamāno yathāpūrvam akhileneha bhārata
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| 85 | indriyāṇīha sarvāṇi sve sve sthāne yathāvidhi
anīśatvāt pralīyante sarpā hataviṣā iva
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| 86 | indriyāṇāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ svasthāneṣv eva sarvaśaḥ
ākramya gatayaḥ sūkṣmāś caraty ātmā na saṃśayaḥ
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| 87 | sattvasya ca guṇān kṛtsnān rajasaś ca guṇān punaḥ
guṇāṃś ca tamasaḥ sarvān guṇān buddheś ca bhārata
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| 88 | guṇāṃś ca manasas tadvan nabhasaś ca guṇāṃs tathā
guṇān vāyoś ca dharmātmaṃs tejasaś ca guṇān punaḥ
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| 89 | apāṃ guṇāṃs tathā pārtha pārthivāṃś ca guṇān api
sarvātmanā guṇair vyāpya kṣetrajñaḥ sa yudhiṣṭhira
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| 90 | ātmā ca yāti kṣetrajñaṃ karmaṇī ca śubhāśubhe
śiṣyā iva mahātmānam indriyāṇi ca taṃ vibho
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| 91 | prakṛtiṃ cāpy atikramya gacchaty ātmānam avyayam
paraṃ nārāyaṇātmānaṃ nirdvaṃdvaṃ prakṛteḥ param
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| 92 | vimuktaḥ puṇyapāpebhyaḥ praviṣṭas tam anāmayam
paramātmānam aguṇaṃ na nivartati bhārata
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| 93 | śiṣṭaṃ tv atra manas tāta indriyāṇi ca bhārata
āgacchanti yathākālaṃ guroḥ saṃdeśakāriṇaḥ
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| 94 | śakyaṃ cālpena kālena śāntiṃ prāptuṃ guṇārthinā
evaṃ yuktena kaunteya yuktajñānena mokṣiṇā
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| 95 | sāṃkhyā rājan mahāprājñā gacchanti paramāṃ gatim
jñānenānena kaunteya tulyaṃ jñānaṃ na vidyate
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| 96 | atra te saṃśayo mā bhūj jñānaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ paraṃ matam
akṣaraṃ dhruvam avyaktaṃ pūrvaṃ brahma sanātanam
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| 97 | anādimadhyanidhanaṃ nirdvaṃdvaṃ kartṛ śāśvatam
kūṭasthaṃ caiva nityaṃ ca yad vadanti śamātmakāḥ
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| 98 | yataḥ sarvāḥ pravartante sargapralayavikriyāḥ
yac ca śaṃsanti śāstreṣu vadanti paramarṣayaḥ
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| 99 | sarve viprāś ca devāś ca tathāgamavido janāḥ
brahmaṇyaṃ paramaṃ devam anantaṃ parato 'cyutam
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| 100 | prārthayantaś ca taṃ viprā vadanti guṇabuddhayaḥ
samyag yuktās tathā yogāḥ sāṃkhyāś cāmitadarśanāḥ
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| 101 | amūrtes tasya kaunteya sāṃkhyaṃ mūrtir iti śrutiḥ
abhijñānāni tasyāhur mataṃ hi bharatarṣabha
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| 102 | dvividhānīha bhūtāni pṛthivyāṃ pṛthivīpate
jaṅgamāgamasaṃjñāni jaṅgamaṃ tu viśiṣyate
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| 103 | jñānaṃ mahad yad dhi mahatsu rājan; vedeṣu sāṃkhyeṣu tathaiva yoge
yac cāpi dṛṣṭaṃ vividhaṃ purāṇaṃ; sāṃkhyāgataṃ tan nikhilaṃ narendra
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| 104 | yac cetihāseṣu mahatsu dṛṣṭaṃ; yac cārthaśāstre nṛpa śiṣṭajuṣṭe
jñānaṃ ca loke yad ihāsti kiṃ cit; sāṃkhyāgataṃ tac ca mahan mahātman
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| 105 |
śamaś ca dṛṣṭaḥ paramaṃ balaṃ ca; jñānaṃ ca sūkṣmaṃ ca yathāvad uktam
tapāṃsi sūkṣmāṇi sukhāni caiva; sāṃkhye yathāvad vihitāni rājan
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| 106 | viparyaye tasya hi pārtha devān; gacchanti sāṃkhyāḥ satataṃ sukhena
tāṃś cānusaṃcārya tataḥ kṛtārthāḥ; patanti vipreṣu yateṣu bhūyaḥ
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| 107 | hitvā ca dehaṃ praviśanti mokṣaṃ; divaukaso dyām iva pārtha sāṃkhyāḥ
tato 'dhikaṃ te 'bhiratā mahārhe; sāṃkhye dvijāḥ pārthiva śiṣṭajuṣṭe
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| 108 |
teṣāṃ na tiryag gamanaṃ hi dṛṣṭaṃ; nāvāg gatiḥ pāpakṛtāṃ nivāsaḥ
na cābudhānām api te dvijātayo; ye jñānam etan nṛpate 'nuraktāḥ
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| 109 | sāṃkyaṃ viśālaṃ paramaṃ purāṇaṃ; mahārṇavaṃ vimalam udārakāntam
kṛtsnaṃ ca sāṃkhyaṃ nṛpate mahātmā; nārāyaṇo dhārayate 'prameyam
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| 110 | etan mayoktaṃ naradeva tattvaṃ; nārāyaṇo viśvam idaṃ purāṇam
sa sargakāle ca karoti sargaṃ; saṃhārakāle ca tad atti bhūyaḥ
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