Book 12 Chapter 60 | |
1 | vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca |
1 | tataḥ punaḥ sa gāṅgeyam abhivādya pitāmaham
prāñjalir niyato bhūtvā paryapṛcchad yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
2 | ke dharmāḥ sarvavarṇānāṃ cāturvarṇyasya ke pṛthak
caturṇām āśramāṇāṃ ca rājadharmāś ca ke matāḥ |
3 | kena svid vardhate rāṣṭraṃ rājā kena vivardhate
kena paurāś ca bhṛtyāś ca vardhante bharatarṣabha |
4 | kośaṃ daṇḍaṃ ca durgaṃ ca sahāyān mantriṇas tathā
ṛtvikpurohitācāryān kīdṛśān varjayen nṛpaḥ |
5 | keṣu viśvasitavyaṃ syād rājñāṃ kasyāṃ cid āpadi
kuto vātmā dṛḍho rakṣyas tan me brūhi pitāmaha |
6 | bhīṣma uvāca |
6 | namo dharmāya mahate namaḥ kṛṣṇāya vedhase
brāhmaṇebhyo namaskṛtvā dharmān vakṣyāmi śāśvatān |
7 | akrodhaḥ satyavacanaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ kṣamā tathā
prajanaḥ sveṣu dāreṣu śaucam adroha eva ca |
8 | ārjavaṃ bhṛtyabharaṇaṃ navaite sārvavarṇikāḥ
brāhmaṇasya tu yo dharmas taṃ te vakṣyāmi kevalam |
9 | damam eva mahārāja dharmam āhuḥ purātanam
svādhyāyo 'dhyāpanaṃ caiva tatra karma samāpyate |
10 | taṃ ced vittam upāgacched vartamānaṃ svakarmaṇi
akurvāṇaṃ vikarmāṇi śāntaṃ prajñānatarpitam |
11 | kurvītāpatyasaṃtānam atho dadyād yajeta ca
saṃvibhajya hi bhoktavyaṃ dhanaṃ sadbhir itīṣyate |
12 | pariniṣṭhitakāryas tu svādhyāyenaiva brāhmaṇaḥ
kuryād anyan na vā kuryān maitro brāhmaṇa ucyate |
13 | kṣatriyasyāpi yo dharmas taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata
dadyād rājā na yāceta yajeta na tu yājayet |
14 | nādhyāpayed adhīyīta prajāś ca paripālayet
nityodyukto dasyuvadhe raṇe kuryāt parākramam |
15 | ye ca kratubhir ījānāḥ śrutavantaś ca bhūmipāḥ
ya evāhavajetāras ta eṣāṃ lokajittamāḥ |
16 | avikṣatena dehena samarād yo nivartate
kṣatriyo nāsya tat karma praśaṃsanti purāvidaḥ |
17 | vadhaṃ hi kṣatrabandhūnāṃ dharmam āhuḥ pradhānataḥ
nāsya kṛtyatamaṃ kiṃ cid anyad dasyunibarhaṇāt |
18 | dānam adhyayanaṃ yajño yogaḥ kṣemo vidhīyate
tasmād rājñā viśeṣeṇa yoddhavyaṃ dharmam īpsatā |
19 | sveṣu dharmeṣv avasthāpya prajāḥ sarvā mahīpatiḥ
dharmeṇa sarvakṛtyāni samaniṣṭhāni kārayet |
20 | pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ syān nṛpatiḥ paripālanāt
kuryād anyan na vā kuryād aindro rājanya ucyate |
21 | vaiśyasyāpīha yo dharmas taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata
dānam adhyayanaṃ yajñaḥ śaucena dhanasaṃcayaḥ |
22 | pitṛvat pālayed vaiśyo yuktaḥ sarvapaśūn iha
vikarma tad bhaved anyat karma yad yat samācaret rakṣayā sa hi teṣāṃ vai mahat sukham avāpnuyāt |
23 | prajāpatir hi vaiśyāya sṛṣṭvā paridade paśūn
brāhmaṇāya ca rājñe ca sarvāḥ paridade prajāḥ |
24 | tasya vṛttiṃ pravakṣyāmi yac ca tasyopajīvanam
ṣaṇṇām ekāṃ pibed dhenuṃ śatāc ca mithunaṃ haret |
25 | laye ca saptamo bhāgas tathā śṛṅge kalā khure
sasyasya sarvabījānām eṣā sāṃvatsarī bhṛtiḥ |
26 | na ca vaiśyasya kāmaḥ syān na rakṣeyaṃ paśūn iti
vaiśye cecchati nānyena rakṣitavyāḥ kathaṃ cana |
27 | śūdrasyāpi hi yo dharmas taṃ te vakṣyāmi bhārata
prajāpatir hi varṇānāṃ dāsaṃ śūdram akalpayat |
28 | tasmāc chūdrasya varṇānāṃ paricaryā vidhīyate
teṣāṃ śuśrūṣaṇāc caiva mahat sukham avāpnuyāt |
29 | śūdra etān paricaret trīn varṇān anasūyakaḥ
saṃcayāṃś ca na kurvīta jātu śūdraḥ kathaṃ cana |
30 | pāpīyān hi dhanaṃ labdhvā vaśe kuryād garīyasaḥ
rājñā vā samanujñātaḥ kāmaṃ kurvīta dhārmikaḥ |
31 | tasya vṛttiṃ pravakṣyāmi yac ca tasyopajīvanam
avaśyabharaṇīyo hi varṇānāṃ śūdra ucyate |
32 | chatraṃ veṣṭanam auśīram upānad vyajanāni ca
yātayāmāni deyāni śūdrāya paricāriṇe |
33 | adhāryāṇi viśīrṇāni vasanāni dvijātibhiḥ
śūdrāyaiva vidheyāni tasya dharmadhanaṃ hi tat |
34 | yaś ca kaś cid dvijātīnāṃ śūdraḥ śuśrūṣur āvrajet
kalpyāṃ tasya tu tenāhur vṛttiṃ dharmavido janāḥ deyaḥ piṇḍo 'napetāya bhartavyau vṛddhadurbalau |
35 | śūdreṇa ca na hātavyo bhartā kasyāṃ cid āpadi
atirekeṇa bhartavyo bhartā dravyaparikṣaye na hi svam asti śūdrasya bhartṛhāryadhano hy asau |
36 | uktas trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ yajñas trayyaiva bhārata
svāhākāranamaskārau mantraḥ śūdre vidhīyate |
37 | tābhyāṃ śūdraḥ pākayajñair yajeta vratavān svayam
pūrṇapātramayīm āhuḥ pākayajñasya dakṣiṇām |
38 | śūdraḥ paijavano nāma sahasrāṇāṃ śataṃ dadau
aindrāgnena vidhānena dakṣiṇām iti naḥ śrutam |
39 | ato hi sarvavarṇānāṃ śraddhāyajño vidhīyate
daivataṃ hi mahac chraddhā pavitraṃ yajatāṃ ca yat |
40 | daivataṃ paramaṃ viprāḥ svena svena parasparam
ayajann iha satrais te tais taiḥ kāmaiḥ sanātanaiḥ |
41 | saṃsṛṣṭā brāhmaṇair eva triṣu varṇeṣu sṛṣṭayaḥ
devānām api ye devā yad brūyus te paraṃ hi tat tasmād varṇaiḥ sarvayajñāḥ saṃsṛjyante na kāmyayā |
42 | ṛgyajuḥsāmavit pūjyo nityaṃ syād devavad dvijaḥ
anṛgyajur asāmā tu prājāpatya upadravaḥ |
43 | yajño manīṣayā tāta sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata
nāsya yajñahano devā īhante netare janāḥ tasmāt sarveṣu varṇeṣu śraddhāyajño vidhīyate |
44 | svaṃ daivataṃ brāhmaṇāḥ svena nityaṃ; parān varṇān ayajann evam āsīt
ārocitā naḥ sumahān sa dharmaḥ; sṛṣṭo brahmaṇā triṣu varṇeṣu dṛṣṭaḥ |
45 | tasmād varṇā ṛjavo jātidharmāḥ; saṃsṛjyante tasya vipāka eṣaḥ
ekaṃ sāma yajur ekam ṛg ekā; vipraś caiko 'niścayas teṣu dṛṣṭaḥ |
46 | atra gāthā yajñagītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ
vaikhānasānāṃ rājendra munīnāṃ yaṣṭum icchatām |
47 | udite 'nudite vāpi śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ
vahniṃ juhoti dharmeṇa śraddhā vai kāraṇaṃ mahat |
48 | yat skannam asya tat pūrvaṃ yad askannaṃ tad uttaram
bahūni yajñarūpāṇi nānākarmaphalāni ca |
49 | tāni yaḥ saṃvijānāti jñānaniścayaniścitaḥ
dvijātiḥ śraddhayopetaḥ sa yaṣṭuṃ puruṣo 'rhati |
50 | steno vā yadi vā pāpo yadi vā pāpakṛttamaḥ
yaṣṭum icchati yajñaṃ yaḥ sādhum eva vadanti tam |
51 | ṛṣayas taṃ praśaṃsanti sādhu caitad asaṃśayam
sarvathā sarvavarṇair hi yaṣṭavyam iti niścayaḥ na hi yajñasamaṃ kiṃ cit triṣu lokeṣu vidyate |
52 | tasmād yaṣṭavyam ity āhuḥ puruṣeṇānasūyatā
śraddhāpavitram āśritya yathāśakti prayacchatā |