Tarkaśāstra (reconstructed text)

Tarkaśāstram /

atha prathamaṃ prakaraṇam /

(śāstramāha) bhavān manyate 'smadvacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavato 'pi vacanamanyāyyam / yadi bhavadvacanamanyāyyaṃ, tadāsmadvacanaṃ nyāyyam / yadi [bhavatocyate] bhavadvacanaṃ nyāyyaṃ, paramasmadvacanamanyāyyaṃ tanna yuktam / kiñca yadanyāyyaṃ tadetatsvato nyāyyaṃ, tasmād yadanyāyyaṃ tannāsti / yadi svato 'nyāyyaṃ tadetadanyāyyamasaccaiva, tasmādahamanyāyya[vādī] iti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam /

anyacca / mama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate, tato bhavānajña iti spaṣṭam / kuta iti cet / yadanyāyyaṃ tannirābhāsam / vacanaṃ nyāyābhāvādbhinnamabhinnaṃ vā ? / abhinnaṃ cedvacanamapi nāstīti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatā kathamucyate / atha bhinnaṃ, tato vacanaṃ nyāyyamiti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti kathaṃ bhavatocyate / vacanasvalakṣaṇakhaṇḍanācca / bhavatkhaṇḍanavacanamasmadvacanasya samakālīnamasamakālīnaṃ vā? samakālīnaṃ cedasmadvacanakhaṇḍane 'samarthaṃ, yathā gośṛṅge 'śvakarṇau vā parasparaṃ khaṇḍayituṃ na śaknuvataḥ / samakālīnatvāt / asamakālīnañced, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvamasmadvacanaṃ paścāt / athāsmadvacanānuccāraṇāt, kiṃ bhavatā khaṇḍyate? / tasmādbhavataḥ khaṇḍanamasidvam / athāsmadvacanaṃ (Tś 4) pūrvaṃ, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścād, evaṃ tarhyasmadvacanasidvatvāt kasya khaṇḍanaṃ bhaviṣyati? / samakālīnañcet, tato 'smadvacanaṃ bhavataśca khaṇḍanamityetayoretat khaṇḍanametacca khaṇḍanīyamiti viśeṣo na syāt / yathā nadīsamudravārisaṃyogakāle viśeṣāsambhavaḥ /

aparañca / bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ svakhaṇḍanārthamasvakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vā? svakhaṇḍanārthañcet, tataḥ svataḥ svārthahīnaṃ bhavedasmadvacananu siddham / asvakhaṇḍanārthañced, asiddham / kuta iti cet, svārthataḥ khaṇḍanāsidveḥ / siddhañcet, svārthahāniḥ parārthasidviśca /

kiñcāsmadvacanamanyāyyamiti ced, vacanameva na bhavet / vacanañcennaivānyāyyam / anyāyyamiti cet, tadvirudvam / yathā kumārī putravatīti / yato yadi kumārī putravatīti na sampadyate / yadi putravatī, tarhi naiva kumārī / kumārīti putravatīti cobhayaṃ virudvam / tasmānmama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam / etatpunaḥ pratyakṣavirudvam / bhavānasmākaṃ vacanaṃ śrutvānyāyyaṃ manyate cet, tattarhi śrutatvātpratyakṣasiddham / pratyakṣaṃ hi balavattaraṃ tasmādbhavadvacanahāniḥ / yathā kaścinmanyeta śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyānupalabdhiratha śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyopalabdhiḥ pratyakṣasidveti, tadā pratyakṣasya balavattaratvāttadvacanahāniḥ /

anumānaviruddhaṃ caitat / mama vacanamanumānenopalabhyate cettato nyāyyamiti spaṣṭam / anyāyyaṃ hi vacanaṃ naiva vidyate / yadi vacanamasti tadā nyāyyamiti jñāyate / yathā kaścinmanyeta śabdo 'nityo hetumattvāt / yacca hetumattadanityaṃ, (Tś 5) yathā ghaṭaḥ / sa hetumattvādanityaḥ / yadi hetumāṃstadānityaḥ śabdo, yadi nityo naiva hetumān / ityanityatānumānasidvā / anumānabalānnityatahāniḥ / nyāyyamiti, yadvacanaṃ tannyāyyam / yannyāyyamityanumānasiddhaṃ, tadanyāyyamiti pratiṣidvam / lokavirudvaṃ caitat / yadbhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyāyyamiti tallokavirudvam / kasmāditi, loke hi caturvidhanyāyasatvāt / [tathā hi] hetuphalanyāyaḥ sāpekṣanyāyaḥ sādhananyāyastathatānyāyaśca /

hetuphalanyāyaḥ / yathā bījamaṅkuraśca /

sāpekṣanyāyaḥ / yathā dīrghaṃ hrasvaṃ, pitā putraḥ / sādhananyāyaḥ / yathā pañcāvayavavākyaṃ sādhanārtham / tathatānyāyastrividhaḥ / yathānātmatathatānityatātathatā nirodhatathatā ca / iha loke vacanaṃ phalaṃ, nyāyo heturiti / iha loke yadā phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tadā sahetukaṃ jñātam / yadā vacanamupalabdhaṃ, tadā nyāyyaṃ jñātam / yanmama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatoktaṃ tallokavirudvam / anyāyyaṃ vacanamityasya nāstyavakāśaḥ /

yad bhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyahisaṃvāditvāditi tadidamidānīṃ bhavatā sārdhaṃ vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi kaścidanyadvadettadā tasya doṣaḥ syat / bhidyate bhavataḥ pratijñāsmatpratijñātaḥ / atha tadbhavataḥ svoktam / tadānyaduktam / tasmādbhavāneva doṣamāpadyate / yadi bhavadartho 'smaduktādanyastadānyatvadoṣo bhavata eva na tu mama / yadi nānyat, tarhi matpakṣatulyameva, tena nāstyanyatvam / athocyate mamānyaditi tanmithyā / anyaccānyasmānnānyadityananyatvam / (Tś 6) yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tato 'nyanna bhavet / yathā manuṣyo goranyo na gaurbhavati, yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tadā tadekaṃ bhavet / yadyekaṃ tato nānyat, tatkimucyate mamānyaditi / ataścaitanyāyyamiti / ahaṃ nyāyamavalambya bhavatā vivade / tasmādanyathāhaṃ vadāmi / yadyāvayorbheda eva na syānna tadā bhavatā vivādo 'haṃ tu bhavadarthameva vadāmi /

sarvamuktamanyaditi ced, bhavatāpi kiñciduktamiti bhavānapyanyadvadatīti doṣo bhavata eva / yadi bhavato vākyaṃ nānyat, tarhi mamāpi vacanaṃ nānyaditi yad bhavatoktamahamanyadvadāmīti tadayuktam / atha bhavadvacanaṃ mithyaiva / śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / yad (bhavato)ktaṃ mama vacanamasiddhamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi vacanamasiddhaṃ, tadā tadeva vacanamasiddham / yadi vacanasyāsiddhatvaṃ, tadā vacanameva na prāptam / atha vacanaṃ na prāptaṃ, kathaṃ bhavatocyate mayā yaduktaṃ tadasiddhamiti / atha vacanaṃ prāptaṃ tatsidvameva syāt / yadi maduktamasiddhamiti bhavatocyate tadayuktam / yadi sarvaṃ vacanamasiddha, tarhi bhavaduktaṃ mama khaṇdanamapyasiddham / yadi bhavaduktaṃ khaṇḍanamasiddhaṃ na syāt, tarhi mama vacanamapi naivāsiddham / yadi (bhavato)cyate maduktamasiddhaṃ tadayuktam / yadasiddhaṃ tatsvata eva siddham / tasmānnāstyasiddham / yadyasiddha na svataḥ siddhaṃ, tadāsiddhaṃ na syāt / yadi siddhaṃ, nāstyasiddhaṃ, tato yad (bhavato)ktaṃ maduktamasiddhamiti tanniravakāśam / yadi bhavatocyate mama khaṇḍanamananubhāṣaṇameva tadā na mama matasyopalabdhi / (Tś 7) atha nopalabhyate mama mataṃ, tato mama khaṇḍanaṃ kartuṃ na śakyate / tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ)vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi bhavān matkhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tadā bhavān khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ na śaknoti / kiṃ punarmanyate bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyaṃ, athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyam / yadi tāvad (bhavān) ananubhāṣya (khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknoti), ahamapyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknuyām / athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyaṃ, tadā sadaiva khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam syāt / kutaḥ? khaṇḍanātpunaḥ khaṇḍanasyotpannatvāt / tadā khaṇḍanānavasthā / na ca sa kālo vidyate yatra na khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam / [ataḥ] yatra khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyate sa kālo nāsti /

aparañca khaṇḍanamiti khaṇḍanānnāma / yadi tatkhaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇānnāma khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyate, ananubhāṣya tu khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ ja śakyate / tataḥ pūrvakhaṇḍanasya nāma paścādanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / paravartikhaṇḍanaṃ nāma na tāvadanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāpnoti / tṛtīyantu dvitīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / caturthaṃ tṛtīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam / iti sadānubhāṣaṇādanavasthā / ananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti ced, ananubhāṣyāpi tataḥ prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyam / prathamaṃ khaṇḍanam nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti cet, dvitīyamapi khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate / dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyata iti cet, prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ (Tś 8) nāmāpyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyeta / kintu prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāvaśyamanubhāṣyam / tasmātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate / atha dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāpyavaśyamanubhāṣyaṃ, tadā khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuaṃ śakyate natvananubhāṣya vaktavyam / yadi punaḥ khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya vadet, khaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / yadi bhavān svakhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tato bhavaduktakhaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / yadi bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadet, khaṇḍanaṃ vadaṃśca nigrahasthāne na patet, tadāhamapi khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadanna nigrāhyaḥ / kiñca yadā bhavadvacanaṃ mama[mataṃ] khaṇḍayati, tadāhamanubhāṣe / yadā tvahaṃ bhavanmataṃ khaṇḍayāmi tadā bhavānapyanubhāṣate / atha parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, na tadā khaṇḍanapratiṣṭhāpanam / yadi parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, tadā samyagarthahāniḥ / yathā potāvanyonyasambadvau samudravelāsamaye parasparasaṃgharṣeṇa dolāyamānau /

aparañca / sarve śabdā yadā mukhānnirgatāstadā naṣṭā eveti kathaṃ madvacanānubhāṣaṇam? / atha śabdo vināśadharmā / apunarāgamanātpunarbhāṣaṇamaśakyam / atha śabdaḥ sthitiśīlastadānubhāṣaṇamaśakyaṃ, nityatvāt / naṣṭa iti cen, na kiñcidanubhāṣitavyaṃ tadabhāvāt / śabdo naṣṭa iti cet, tvadanubhāṣaṇāyaitanme vacanamiti yadbhavān bravīti sa kutarka eva /

yad (bhavato)ktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrva, [bhavata] khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścāditi tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanantu paścāditi tanyāyyam / kuta iti (Tś 9) cen, madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ bhavadvacanaṃ tu paścāditi / yadyasmadvacanaṃ paravartivacanaṃ khaṇḍayati, tato 'smadartho viśiṣyate bhavadvacanasya tu hāniḥ / kiñca yadyucyate bhavatā sarvāṇi vacanāni pūrvavartīni khaṇḍanantu paravartīti, tadā bhavānapi pūrvameva vacanaṃ vadatīti paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ bhavet / yadi bhavadvacanasya pūrvavartitve 'pi paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāsti, tarhi madvacanasya pūrvavartitve 'pi, paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ na syāt / yacca khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvasya paravartīti svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścādasti / yadi svabhāvata eva pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ paścāt syāt, tadā pūrvaṃ paścādityubhe na syātām / tasmādyadbhavatoktaṃ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvīti tadayuktam / yadi svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścāt / hetvabhāvāt / tadā pūrvasyāpi khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvi na bhavet / yadbhavatoktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanaṃ tu parabhāvi tanmithyā /

yadabhihitaṃ bhavatā, mayā hetvantaramuktamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / yadi pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanānnigrahasthānamāpadyate, tadā bhavān nigrahasthānamāpannaḥ / kathamiti ced, bhavatā pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanāt / yadi hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanādbhavato na nigrahasthānatvāpattistadā mamāpi tathā / kiñca maduktahetuto bhavaduktahetorbhedaḥ / yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ vadāmi tanmama nyāyyam / yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ na vadeyaṃ, tato bhavaddhetuṃ vadeyam / tato na pratipakṣatayā virodho 'pi tvāvayostulyavacanataiva / yadi sadṛśa eva heturāvābhyāṃ pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ, tadā bhavānasmaddhetuṃ khaṇḍayatīti svahetumeva khaṇḍayati /

Tś 10

api ca yadi sarvāṇi vacanāni hetvantarāṇi syustadābhavaduktāni vacanānyapi hetvantarāṇi bhaveyuḥ / tataśca bhavato nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / atha vacanānyuccārayannapi na bhavān nigrāhyastarhi yadbhavatoktaṃ hetuṃ pratiṣṭhāpayannahaṃ nigrāhya iti tadayuktam /

yadbhavatoktamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicāryaṃ nirdhāryate / anyā me pratijñā, anyā ca bhavata iti yattannyāyyameva / athāhaṃ bhavataḥ pratipakṣatayā virodhītyarthāntaraṃ bravīmi / yadi matamasmadartho bhavadarthādananyastadāsmadartho bhavadarthapratipakṣatayā na virudvo / yadi bhavānasmadarthaṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi bhavataḥ svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanaṃ bhavet / yadarthāntaraṃ na tatsvayamarthāntarama / tasmānnāstyarthāntaram / yadi tvarthāntaraṃ svayamevārthāntaraṃ, na tadārthāntaram / tasmādyadbhavatoktamahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti na yuktam / aparañca yaduktaṃ sarvaṃ tadarthāntarañcettadā bhavaduktamapyarthāntaraṃ bhavet / yadi bhavaduktamarthāntaraṃ na bhavettadā yadbhavatā pratijñātaṃ sarvamarthāntaramiti tadayuktam /

yad (bhavato)ktamahaṃ pūrvacanādananyadvacanaṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / asmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena viruddhā / yadasmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena virudvā, tannyāyyam / kuta iti cet / sarvatrāhaṃ bhavadarthakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vadāmi, tasmādasmadvacanamananyat / yadi mayārthāntaramuktaṃ, tarhi bhavatpratijñāsmadarthādanyā / yadyahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmi tadā (Tś 11) bhavadarthaṃ vadāmi / evantāvannāhaṃ bhavadviruddo / tataśca yadi bhavān māṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanam /

anyacca / yathā mayā pūrvamuktamanityaḥ śabda iti / etāni vacanāni vināśasvabhāvāni kṣayasvabhāvāni ca / idānīmanyadvacanamuccaryate / tataśca yadbhavatoktaṃ bhavān pūrvavacanaṃ vadatīti tanmithyā /

aparañca / yadbhavatoktaṃ maduktamananyaditi / tatra yadyahamanyadvadāmi tadā tadanyayat / yadyahamananyadvadāmi tadananyat / yadyahaṃ tadvadaṃstanna sādhayituṃ śaknomi, tadā yadbhavatoktamananyaditi tadyuktam / yacca (bhavato)ktaṃ mayā sarvamuktaṃ nānujñāyata iti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate / sarvaṃ nānujñāyata iti yaduktaṃ bhavatā etadvacanaṃ sarvasminnantarbhavati na vā? / yadi tāvatsarvasminnantarbhavati tadā bhavān svayaṃ svoktaṃ nānujānāti / yadi svayaṃ nānujānātyasmadarthaḥ svata eva siddho bhavedbhavavacanasya tu hāniḥ syāt / atha sarvasminnāntarbhavati tadā tasya sarvatvameva na syāt / yadi sarvatvameva na bhavet, tadā bhavatā yadananujñātaṃ tatsarvam / yadi sarvamananujñātaṃ tadāsmadartho bhavatā naivānanujñātaḥ / asmadarthaḥ siddho bhavatastu sarvasya pratiṣedhaḥ /

iti prathamaṃ prakaraṇam /

Tś 12

atha dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

(śāstramāha) khaṇḍanasya trividhadoṣāpattiḥ / viparīnakhaṇḍanamasatkhaṇḍanaṃ viruddhakhaṇḍanañceti / yadi khaṇḍanametattrividhadoṣopetaṃ tadā nigrahasthānam /

[tatra] viparītakhaṇḍanam / yadi pratiṣṭhāpitaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ samyagarthena na saṃyuktaṃ syāttadā tadviparītakhaṇḍanamityucyate / viparītakhaṇḍanaṃ daśavidham / (1)sādharmyakhaṇḍanam (2) vaidharmyakhaṇḍanam (3) vikalpakhaṇḍanam (4) aviśeṣakhaṇḍanam (5) prāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanam (6) ahetukhaṇḍanam(7) upalabdhikhaṇḍanam (8) saṃśayakhaṇḍanam (9) anuktikhaṇḍanam (10) kāryabhedakhaṇḍanam /

1. [tatra] sādharmyakhaṇḍanam / vastusādharmyapratyavasthānaṃ sādharmyakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ pratyanotpannatvādyathā ghaṭaḥ prayatnotpannaḥ / utpannaśca vinaṣṭaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti śabdo 'nitya iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yadi ghaṭasādharmyācchabdo 'nityastadākāśasādharmyācchabdo nityaḥ syāt / tataścākāśavacchabdo nitya iti / [atra] sādharmyamamūrtatvam /

(śāstraṃ punarāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ prayatnotpannatvāt / yannityaṃ na tatprayatnenotpannaṃ yathākāśaṃ nityaṃ na prayatnenotpannam / śabdastu na tathā / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yadi (śabdasya) nityākāśavaidharmyacchabdo 'nitya iti, tadā kiṃ prāptam? / yadyākāśasādharmyaṃ (Tś 13) tato nitya eva śabda iti / sādharmyaṃ cāmūrtatvaṃ tasmānnityaḥ /

(śāstramāha) ete khaṇḍane viparīte 'siddhe ca (khaṇḍane) / kuta iti cet / aikāntikaikarasadharmasthāpanaṃ hi heturiti manyate / sarvadharmāṇāṃ prayatnotpannatvenānityatāvarṇanāt / so 'nityatāvarṇakaheturaikāntikaikarasastasmādanityatānapasaraṇīyaiva / tatsāmānajātīyaṃ cikhyāpayiṣatayā ghaṭādyudāharaṇamuktam /

prativādī tvanaikāntikaikarasārthapratyavasthānena khaṇḍanaṃ bhāṣate yathā yadi bhavān sādharmyeṇa śabdasyānityatāṃ sthāpayati tadāhamapi vaidharmyeṇa śabdasya nityatāṃ pratiṣṭhāpayāmi / yadi ca bhavadarthaḥ siddho mamāpyarthaḥ siddho bhavediti /

(śāstramāha) bhavataḥ khaṇḍanamayuktam / kuta iti cet / bhavatprayuktasya hetoranaikāntikanityatvānityatvāvyāptivarṇanāt / asmābhistrilakṣaṇo hetuḥ sthāpitaḥ / tadyathā pakṣadharmmaḥ sapakṣasatvaṃ vipakṣavyāvṛttiśca / tasmādvetusiddhiranapasaraṇīyā / bhavaddhetustu na tathā tasmādbhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ viparītam / yadi bhavatā pratiṣṭhāpito heturasmaddhetutulyobhavettadā samyakkhaṇḍanaṃ sidhyeta / yadyanityatāpratijñā nityatāṃ khaṇḍayati tadā [nityatā-] khaṇḍanasiddhiḥ / kuta iti cet / nityatāsthāpakahetunānityatāsthāpakahetuḥ khaṇḍyate cet, tadānityatāviparyāsadoṣo vyaktīkartuṃ na śakyata iti prasiddham / nityatāhetoranaikāntikaikarasatvādanityatāhetoraikāntikaikarasatvācca /

Tś 14

2. vaidharmyakhaṇḍanam / vastuvaidharmyapratyavasthānaṃ vaidharmyakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

(śāstramāha) anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt? kṛtakatvāt / yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityam / yathākāśaṃ nityamakṛtakatvāt / śabdasya tathātvābhāvācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

prativādī prāha / yadi śabdo nityākāśavidharmyādanitya iti, tadā kiṃ prāptam / yadi ghaṭavaidharmyaṃ śabdasya, tadā sa nitya iti / tadvaidharmyamamūrtatvam / ghaṭo mūrtastasmādghaṭo 'nityaḥ śabdastu nityaḥ /

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt / yathā ghaṭo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt, tathā śabdo 'pi /

prativādī prāha / yadi ghaṭasādharmyācchabdasyānityatā bhavatā sthāpitā, tadā kiṃ prāptam? / śabdo nitya eva ghaṭavaidharmyādvaidharmyamamūrtatvam / ghaṭastu mūrtaḥ /

(śāstramāha) viparīta ete khaṇḍane / kuta iti cet / asmatsthāpitānityatāhetoraikāntikaikarasatvāt / bhavatpratiṣṭhāpitanityatāhetostvanaikāntikaikarasatvānnityatvānityatvavyāptivarṇanāt / tasmādaniścitaheturaikāntikahetuṃ khaṇḍayituṃ na śaknoti / yo 'smābhiḥ sthāpito hetuḥ kṛtakatvācchabdo 'nitya iti tasya (hetoḥ) pakṣadharmmaḥ sapakṣasattvaṃ vipakṣavyāvṛttiśca / trayalakṣaṇasampannatvāt so 'napasaraṇīyaḥ / yaḥ punarbhavatpratiṣṭhāpito hetuḥ śabdo nityo 'mūrtatvāditi tasya pakṣadharmaḥ sapakṣe vipakṣe ca vartata ityasiddho hetuḥ /

3. vikalpakhaṇḍanam / sādharmye vaidharmyapratyavasthānaṃ vikalpakhaṇḍanamucyate /

Tś 15

(śāstramāha) śabdo 'nityaḥ pratyatnenotpannatvādghaṭavaditi śabdasyānityatā /

prativādī prāha / bhavāñchabdasya prayatnenotpannatvādghaṭavatsādharmyaṃ sthāpayati / asti punastadvaidharmyam / pakkatvamapakvatvaṃ, cākṣuṣatvamacākṣuṣatvamityādi evaṃ ghaṭaśabdayoḥ pratyekaṃ viśeṣaḥ / śabdaḥ prayatnenotpannatvānnityaḥ ghaṭastu prayatnenotpanno 'pyanityaḥ / tasmācchabdo nityaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / asmatsthāpitaheturanityatāvyāvṛtto nityatāvyāvṛttaḥ / etaddhetusthāpanamanityatānumānārtham / yathāgnyanumānārthaṃ dhūmaḥ prayujyate / dhūmo hyagnyavyāvṛttaḥ / tasmādasmatsthāpitahetuḥ sidvo 'napasaraṇīyaśca /

bhavatā śabdasyāpakva iti viśeṣaṇaṃ prayujyate / tataśca nitya iti / tadecchādveṣaduḥkhasukhavāyvādīnyapakvāni na punaretāni nityāni / tasmādapakvatvaṃ nityatāhetutvena na pratiṣṭhāpayitavyam / na cācākṣuṣatvamapi nityatāhetutvena pratiṣṭhāpayitavyam / kuta iti cet / icchadveṣaduḥkhasukhavāyvādīnyacākṣuṣāṇi na punarnityāni / bhavaddhetuḥ sapakṣe vipakṣe ca vartate tasmādasādhakaḥ / bhavaddheturmama (heto) stulyo matpratijñāyāśca khaṇḍanāsamartha iti cet / asmatsthāpanaṃ trividhahetusamāśritaṃ tasmādatulyam / yadatulyaṃ tulyamiti bhavatoktaṃ tasmādbhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ viparītam /

4. aviśeṣakhaṇḍanam / ekasādharmyakhyāpanātsarvasyāviśeṣeṇa pratyavasthānamaviśeṣakhaṇḍanamucyate /

śabdo 'nityaḥ kāraṇabhedena śabdasya bhedāddīpavat / (Tś 16) yadi vartikā mahatī jyotirmahat / yadi vartikā kṣudrā jyotirapi kṣudram, iti sthāpite / prativādī prāha yadi sādharmyādyathā ghaṭādyanityaṃ śabdo 'pi tathā syāttadā sarvasya sarveṇāviśeṣaprasaṅgaḥ / kuta iti cet / sarvasya sarveṇa sādharmyāt / sādharmyaṃ kiṃ punaścet / sattaikatvaṃ prameyatvamityetat sādharmyamucyate / sadharmāṇyapi sarvāṇi vastūni viśeṣṭavastubhyo bhinnānīti cecchabdo 'pi tathā / ghaṭādisadharmāpi śabdo nityo ghaṭastvanityaḥ / kuta iti cet / sattvādisādharmye 'pi svabhāvaviśeṣasambhavāt / yathā dīpaḥ śabdo manuṣyo 'śva ityādi / iti sādharmyasamāśritamanumānamasiddham /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ kuta iti cet / sarveṣāṃ na mayā sattvādisādharmyaṃ pratiṣidvamapi tu teṣāṃ viśeṣa evāvadhāryate / sādharmyasampattitraividhyamanityatāṃ sthāpayati / taccāsmābhiranityatāsādhanāyocyate na tu sādharmyamātramupādīyate na khalvasti sā kāpi yuktiryā naivaṃ vicāryate / kasmāditi cet / naikamapi vidyate tādṛśaṃ yadanyavastuno na sadṛśaṃ na ca viśiṣṭaṃ syāt / tasmādyadi sādharmyamasti tadā tatsapakṣavarti sarvavipakṣavyāvṛttam / yadi tadupādānena hetusthāpanaṃ, siddho hetureṣa / sādharmyamātreṇa hetupratiṣṭhāpanaṃ tvasiddhaṃ tasmādviparītam /

punaścānityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvādghaṭavat / tasmācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

prativādī prāha / hetuḥ pratijñā cābhāvānna bhidyete / ko nāmārtho hetusamutpādasya / hetvasaṃyoge śabdasyānutpāda (Tś 17) iti / anutpannatvādabhāva evetyetasyārthaḥ / kathaṃ nāma śabdo 'nitya iti / anutpannaḥ śabda utpattimupalabhata utpanno vinaśyati / vināśāccābhāva evetyetasyārthaḥ / iti hetuḥ pratijñā cābhāvavat /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / asmatpratijñāyā abhāvaḥ pradhvaṃsābhāvātmakaḥ / asmatsthāpitahetorabhāvaḥ prāgabhāvaḥ / prāgabhāvaḥ sarvalokaprasiddhatvātsiddho 'nityatāhetutvena sthāpitaḥ / pradhvaṃsābhāvaḥ sāṃkhyādyaprasidvatvādasiddhaḥ / artho hi siddhena hetunā sthāpyate /

yadi siddhā pratijñopādīyate 'siddhastu heturbhavataḥ khaṇḍanasya viparyāso 'dhikataro bhavet / sarveṣāṃ vastūnāṃ pūrvamabhūtvā paścādabhāva iti mayoktam / tasmācchabdaḥ pūrvamasaṃścet paścādapyasan / yadi pūrvamasattvaṃ bhavato 'nanujñātaṃ tadaitadbhavatā cintyatām / yadi pūrvaṃ śabdaḥ sanneva na cāsti pratibandhastadā kasmācchrotreṇa nopalabhyate / tasmātpūrvamasattvaṃ nāgapadavaditi jñāyate / yadi kañcidviśiṣṭabuddhirabhimatamarthaṃ sādhayituṃ na śaknoti, iṣṭasādhanaṃ ca na yuktisampannaṃ so 'rtho nirasanīyaḥ /

5. prāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanam / hetuḥ sādhyaṃ prāpnoti na vā? / yadi tāvat sādhyaṃ prāpnoti tadāsādhakaḥ / atha hetuḥ sādhyaṃ na prāpnoti tadāpyasādhakaḥ / etatprāptyaprāptikhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / yadi hetuḥ sādhyaṃ prāpnoti tadā sādhyena saṃsargātsādhyaṃ na sādhayati / yathā nadīvāri samudravāripraviṣṭaṃ na punarnadīvāri, hetustadvadasādhakaḥ / (Tś 18) yadi sādhyamasiddhaṃ, tadā heturaprāpakaḥ / yadi prāpakastadā kiṃ siddhasyārthasya hetunā / tasmāddheturasiddhaḥ / atha na prāpnoti tadā so 'nyavastuvadasādhakaṃ, tasmaddheturasiddhaḥ / yadi heturaprāpakastadāsamarthaḥ / yathāgniraprāpya dahanāsamartho 'siścāprāpya chedanāsamarthaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ / dvividho hetuḥ / utpattiheturvyañjanahetuśca / yadi bhavataḥ khaṇḍanamutpattihetusamāśritaṃ tadā siddhaṃ khaṇḍanam / yadi vyañjanahetusamāśritaṃ tadā viparītam / kasmāditi cet / uktaṃ mayā yaddhetuḥ sādhyaṃ notpādayatyapi tu parapratipādanārthaṃ sādhyaṃ vyanaktyavyāvṛttatvāt / sādhyasattve 'pi sādhyasya yathārthajñānaṃ na jāyate / kuta iti cet / mohāt / tasmād vyañjanaheturityucyate / yathā rūpasattve 'pi pradīpaprayojanaṃ tadvyañjanārthaṃ na tu tadutpattyartham / tasmādvyañjanahetāvutpattikhaṇḍanaṃ viparītakhaṇḍanam /

6. ahetukhaṇḍanaṃ / traikālye hetorasambhava ityahetukhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / kiṃ hetuḥ sādhyātpūrvaṃ paścādyugapadvā / yadi tāvaddhetuḥ prāk sādhyañca paścāttadāsati sādhye, hetuḥ kasya sādhakaḥ? / atha paścāt, sādhyañca prāk, tadā siddhe sādhye kiṃ hetunā? / atha yugapattadāhetuḥ / yathā yugapatsadbhāvāṅgoḥ śṛṅge dakṣiṇaṃ vāmaṃ vā parasparotpādake ityayuktam / tasmādyaugapadyañcettadā hetutvāsambhavaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / yatpūrvaṃ samutpannaṃ (Tś 19) tadeva hetunā vyajyate yathā dīpaḥ vidyamānānyeva vastūni vyanakti na tvavidyamānāni vastūnyutpādayati / bhavān punarutpattihetunā me vyañjakahetuṃ khaṇḍayati tasmādviparītametatkhaṇḍanaṃ, na tu siddham /

atha manyase yadyeṣa heturvyañjakaheturbhavati jñānābhāve sa kasya hetuḥ / tasmād vyañjakaheturasiddha iti kṛte khaṇḍane, tadā prāptikriyāsambhave heturnāma nopapadyate kriyāsadbhāve tu heturnāmopapadyate / yadā vyañjanakriyā tadaiva heturnāmopapadyate / taduktaṃ bhavati pūrvaṃ heturnāma nopapadyate paścāttu heturnāmopapadyate / yaccābhihitaṃ hetuḥ prāk kriyā tu paścāditi tadadoṣam / athaivaṃ sati, kriyāyā hetuto 'nutpattiriti cedetat khaṇḍanamasiddham / kasmāditi cet / etatprāgeva [sad] vastu paścāddheturnāmopapadyate / vastuni vinaṣṭe paścāt kriyotpattiriti cet, tadaitatkhaṇḍanaṃ sidhyati na tvevamucyate, pūrvaṃ bhāve 'pi [hetoriti] nāmānupapattiḥ paścāttu nāmopapattiḥ / tasmātphalasya hetuta utpattiḥ /

7. upalabdhikhaṇḍanam / viśiṣṭahetunānityatāvarṇanādeṣo 'heturiti upalabdhikhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / yadi prayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvācchabdo 'nityastadā yatra prayatno na vidyate tatra nityatāprasaṅgaḥ / yathā vidyudvāyvādīnyaprayatna [ānantarīyaka]āṇyanityeṣu cāntarbhūtāni tasmādanityatve sādhye na prayatnamātraṃ samāśrayaṇīyaṃ prayatnasyāsādhanatvāt / sādhanañcedyatra yatra prayatno nāsti tatra tatra nityatāyāḥ sambhavaḥ / yathāgniṃ vinā na dhūmasthitiḥ / dhūmo 'gneḥ saddheturdhūmāgnyoravyatirekāt / (Tś 20) prayatnastu na tathā, tasmādasiddho hetuḥ / kiñca prayatno nānityatāsthāpanāsamarthaḥ / kuta iti cet / vyāptyabhāvāt / vyāptisambhave hyanityatāsthāpanopapattiḥ / vyāptyasambhave tvanityatāsthāpanānupapattiḥ / yathā kasyacitpratijñā syāt sarve taravo divyacetanā iti / kasmāditi cet / tarūṇāṃ nidrāsambhavācchirīṣavat / tatrāha khaṇḍayitā / tarūṇāṃ divyacetanāsiddhā / kasmāt? hetorvyāptyabhāvāt / śirīṣa eva svapiti na tvapare taravaḥ / sa svapno na sarvāṃstarūn vyāpnoti tasmātsarveṣāṃ tarūṇāṃ divyacetanatvapratiṣṭhāpane svapno 'samarthaḥ / prayatno 'pi tathā sarveṣāmanityānāmavyāpakatvādanityatāsthāpane 'samarthaḥ //

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / mayaivaṃ noktam / naitaducyate mayā yatprayatnaḥ sarvānityatākhyāpane samartho heturanye tu hetavo 'samarthāḥ / yadyanyo 'nityatākhyāpane samartho heturvidyate tadāhaṃ sukhī / asmadarthasiddheḥ / asmatsthāpito hetuḥ khyāpanasamarthaḥ, anyo 'pi hetuḥ khyāpanasamarthaḥ / tasmātpratijñā siddhā / yathā dhūmenāgniranumitaḥ / yadi kaścidvadetprabhayāgnirapi siddho 'smadarthe 'pi tathāsambhavaḥ / prayatnotpattiranityatākhyāpanasamarthā / yadyanye 'pi hetavo 'nityatākhyāpanasamarthā, anityatāpi siddhā / tasmādviparītaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ bhavataḥ / asmanmatākhaṇḍanāt / yadyahaṃ bravīmi yadyadanityaṃ tattatsarvaṃ prayatnasamutpannamiti tadā prayatnotpattihetoravyāpitvādasiddhatvamiti bhavatā khaṇḍanaṃ vaktavyam / tadaitacca khaṇḍanaṃ viśiṣyate / yadāhaṃ bravīmi śabdābikamanityaṃ prayatnasamutpannatvāttadā yatsarvamanityaṃ (Tś 21) tatprayatnasamutpannamiti nocyate / tasmādviparītaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ bhavataḥ /

8. saṃśayakhaṇḍanam / vipakṣasādharmyātsaṃśayavādena khaṇḍanam /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnasamutpannatvāt / yadyatprayatnasamutpannaṃ tattadanityaṃ ghaṭavat / iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / yatsamutpannaṃ tatprayatena vyaktaṃ yathā mūlakīlakodakaṃ prayatnena vyaktaṃ na tu prayatnena samutpannam / śabdo 'pi tathā / tasmātprayatnadvārā hetusthāpanamaniyatamanutpanna utpanne ca bhāvāt / tasmāt taṃ hetumāśritya śabde saṃśayotpattiḥ / kathaṃ ca śabdo 'vadhāryate? kiṃ ghatavadasamutpannaḥ samutpadyate mūlakīlodakavatsamutpanno vā vyajyate? tasmadanaikāntikatā / tasmādutpattihetoḥ saṃśayotpādakatvādasādhakatvamiti jñeyam / kasmāt / utpādakatvād vyaktīkaraṇācca /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / noktamasmābhiryacchabdaḥ prayatnena vyaktaḥ / api tu yataḥ prayatnena samutpannastasmācchabdo 'nitya iti / punarbhavatā kiṃ khaṇḍyate / yadi (bhavato)cyate prayatnakāryaṃ dvividhamutpattirabhivyaktiśca / utpattirghaṭādivadabhivyaktirmūlakīlo dakādivat / śabdo 'pi prayatnakāryaḥ / tasmāttasmin nityatānityatāsaṃśayotpattiriti / tadayuktam / kuta iti cet / mūlakīlodakāderaprayatnakāryatvāt / mūlakīlodakābhivyaktiḥ prayatnakāryyeti cet / etadasmanmataṃ na khaṇḍayati / abhivyaktiranutpannā prayatnenotpatti labhate / tasmātprayatnakāryamekavidhaṃ sadaivanityatvāditi bhavatkhaṇḍanamayuktam / (Tś 22) atha manyase yatprayatna-[kāryaṃ] taddvidham / anityaṃ nityañca / ghaṭotpattiranityā ghaṭadhvaṃso nityaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti / eṣa saṃśayo 'yuktaḥ / kasmāt? asiddhatvāt / yadi bhavato ghaṭadhvaṃsasya dhvaṃse sadbhāvastataḥ sadbhāvāddhvaṃsābhāvaḥ syāt / yadi dhvaṃse 'bhāvastadā dhvaṃso 'bhāva eva / kuta iti cet / bhāvābhāvāt / andhakāravat / andhakāre jyotiṣo 'bhāvaḥ tasmādandhakāraḥ / dhvaṃso 'pi tathā / dhvaṃse bhāvābhāvaḥ tasmāddhvaṃsabhāva iti cet / tadayuktaṃ khapuṣpabandhyāputraśaśaviṣāṇeṣu bhāvābhāvātteṣāmapi sadbhāvaprasaṅgaḥ / yadi khapuṣpādīnāṃ sadbhāvo bhavatā nānujñāyate, tadā ghaṭadhvaṃsasyāpi tathātvam / tasmātsadbhāva iti na vaktavyam / tasmātprayatnakāryamekavidhaṃ sadaivānityatvāt / tasmādayukto bhavataḥ saṃśayaḥ / apratipattiścedbhavataḥ pratipādanārthamahaṃ vyañjanahetuṃ vadāmi / anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / prāgvyavadhānābhāvātprayatnenotpattiniṣpattiḥ / tasmādanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭavaditi jñātam / yatprayatnenopalabhyate yacca prayatnena kriyate tadubhayaṃ bhinnamiti bhavatā pratiṣṭhāpitam / tadayuktam / ko 'yamartho yatprayatnenopalabhyate tadanityamiti / kasmāt / yasmādanutpannaṃ samutpadyate samutpannañca vinaśyati / tasmānmūlakīlodakādestathāpyanityatāsambhavaḥ / yaccocyate yadabhivyaktaṃ nityamiti tasya kiṃ prayojanam /

9. anuktikhaṇḍanam / pūrvamanuktatvādanityatābhāva etadanuktikhaṇḍanam /

pratijñā pūrvavat / prativādī prāha / prayatna iti vacanaṃ śabdasyānityatāheturiti cettadā kiṃ prāpyate? (Tś 23) prayatna ityanukte tadā śabdo nityaḥ / etadeva prāpyate, pūrvakāle nitye sati kathamadhunānityaḥ syāt /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt / asmābhiḥ sthāpito heturabhivyaktyartho notpattyartho na vā vināśārthaḥ / yadyasmatsthāpitasya hetorvināśaḥ syāttadā bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ viśiṣyeta / yadā heturmayānuktastadā śabdasyānityatānabhivyakteti cedbhavatkhaṇḍanam / etatkhaṇḍanābhāsa eva / yadi vināśahetunā mām khaṇḍayati bhavān tadviparītakhaṇḍanaṃ syāt /

10. kāryabhedakhaṇḍanam- kāryyabhedād ghaṭavatacchabda iti na vaktavyam / etat kāryabhedakhaṇḍanamucyate /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha ghaṭaśabdayoḥ kāryabhedaḥ / kāryabhedāt tulyānityatānupapattiḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇdanam / kasmāt? / anitya śabdo ghaṭasamānakāryatvāditi noktaṃ mayā / api tu sarvāṇi vastūni tulyena nyāyena kṛtakatvād anityānītyevamuktam / na tu samānakāryāpekṣatvād ghaṭavacchabdo 'nitya iti / dhūmo bhinno 'pyagnivyañjakaḥ / ghaṭo 'pi tathā śabdasyanityatāvyañjakaḥ /

anyacca paraṇoktaṃ kāryaviśeṣakhaṇḍanam / anyadasti yenocyate nityaḥ śabda ākāśasamāśritatvāt / ākāśo nityaḥ / yatkiñcidākāśasamāśritaṃ tannityam / yathā paramāṇoḥ pārimāṇḍalyam / paramāṇurnityaḥ pārimāṇḍalyañca paramāṇusamāśritaṃ, tasmātpārimāṇḍalyaṃ nityam / śabdo 'pi tadvadākāśasamāśritatvānnityaḥ / anyacca / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / śrāvaṇatvāt / yathā śabdatvaṃ (Tś 24) śravaṇagrāhyaṃ nityañca, tathā śabdo 'pi tasmānnityaḥ / etatpratijñāntaram /

vaiśeṣika āha / yadi nityaṃ hetunā sthāpyate, tato hetukriyatvādanityam / tasmācchabdo 'nityaḥ /

viparītametatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? na mayoktaṃ hetunā nityatotpanneti, api tu heturanityatāṃ vyanakti / parasyājñānātparasya pratipādanārthamasmatsthāpitaheturvyañjanaheturna tvutpattihetuḥ / bhavatkhaṇḍanamutpattihetoreva / tasmādviparītam /

kiñca pratijñākhaṇḍane bhavadukte na mayānujñāte / kuta iti cet / nāsmābhiranityateṣṭā pratītā vā / tasmādukto mayaiṣo 'rthaḥ /

etaddaśavidhaṃ viparītakhaṇḍanamucyate / viparyayeṇa taddoṣasthāpanāt / yadi khaṇḍanaṃ tattulyaṃ bhavettadā viparītakhaṇḍanāpattiḥ /

aparamasatkhaṇḍanam / mithyāvacanādasat / mithyāvacanaṃ tvayathārthamanarthakañca / etaducyate 'satkhaṇḍanam / asatkhaṇḍanaṃ trividhamavarṇya(vyañjaka) khaṇḍanamarthāpatti(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanaṃ, pratidṛṣṭa(ārthavyañjaka)khaṇḍanañca /

1. avarṇya(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanam /

pratyakṣaviṣaye yaddhetvanveṣaṇaṃ tadavarṇyakhaṇḍanamucyate /

anityaḥ śabdaḥ / kuta iti cet / kṛtrimatvādghaṭavaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha / asmābhirdṛṣṭaṃ yadghaṭaḥ kṛtrimaḥ / kena hetunā tadanityatānumīyate / yadi hetuṃ vinā (Tś 25) ghaṭasya nityatā sthāpitā śabdo 'pi nityetāhetumantareṇa nityo bhavet /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? / yat[pūrvameva]pratītaṃ na tasya hetunā sādhanam / yadi pratīyate yadvaṭaḥ sahetuko 'nityaśceti kimanityatāhetvanmveṣaṇena / tasmādasadetatkhaṇḍanam /

2. arthāpatti(vyañjaka)khaṇḍanam / vipakṣe 'rthāpattiretadarthāpattikhaṇḍanam /

ātmā na vidyate / kuta iti cet / anabhivyaktatvādvandhyāputravaditi sthāpite prativādī prāha / tadetadarthādāpattiryadyabhivyaktaṃ sadanabhivyaktaṃ tvasaditi / athābhivyaktaṃ kadācitsatkadācidasa / anabhivyaktaṃ tadvat / alātacakramarīcigandharvanagaravat / tadabhivyaktam / tatsadbhāvasthāpanaṃ tvaśakyam / yadyabhivyaktasya sadbhāvasthāpanamaśakyaṃ tadānabhivyaktasyāsadbhāvapratiṣṭhāpanaṃ [sutarāma] śakyam /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / ko 'sau nyāyo yenaitadarthādāpattirbhavet / yadanabhivyaktaṃ tadatyantamasaditi naitadarthādāpadyate / abhivyaktaṃ dvividhamanarthāpattirarthāpattiśca / yadi vṛṣṭirbhavati tadā meghenāpi bhavitavyam / meghe satyapi tu kadācidṛṣṭirbhavati kadācinna bhavatītyanaikāntikatā / dhūmenāgneranumānam / nātrārthādāpattiḥ / dhūme dṛṣṭe satyagniranumīyate dhūme tvasati agnerabhāvaḥ / anarthāpattiriyam / kasmāditi cet / taptāyaḥpiṇḍe lohitāṅgāre ca dhūmābhāve 'pya 'gneḥ sadbhāvaḥ / tasmādabhivyakteṣvarthāpattikhaṇḍanamabhūtam /

anyacca / rūpamevālātacakramarīcigandharvanagarāṇīti pratibhātīndriyabhramāccittaviparyāsena / tacca vartamāna eva (Tś 26) sadanāgate tvasat / rūpamātramindriyabhramāccittaviparyāsena kadācit sad[vastīva] prakāśate / yaduktaṃ bhavatābhivyaktasya sattvamanaikāntikaṃ tadayuktam / kiñca bandhyāputradṛṣṭāntenāyamevārtho mayā niścīyate / yadabhivyaktisthānānna prabhraṃśate tadvastvabhāva eva / bandhyāutravat / yaccānabhivyaktisthānātprabhraṃśate naiṣo me dṛṣṭāntaḥ / aṇvākāśādiṣu tu kadācidabhivyaktiḥ kadācidanabhivyaktiḥ / bhavadarthāpattiḥ prati mayārthāpattiruktā / yadabhivyaktisthānādekāntena prabhraṃśate tadvastu sadeva / alātacakrādiṣu cakramevānaikāntikam / tacca cakrasyānaikāntikatā yat pravartanakāle sat, sthitikāle cāsat / tasmāt neyamarthāpattiḥ / anarthāpattāvarthāpattikhaṇḍanaṃ cedetat khaṇḍanamasat / punaranyathāpyarthāpattikhaṇḍanaṃ vadanti / yadi ghaṭasādharmyādanityaḥ śabda ityarthādāpannaṃ tadāsādharmyānnityaḥ / asādharmyaṃ yacchabdaḥ śravaṇagrāhyo 'mūrtaśca ghaṭastu cakṣurgrāhyo mūrtaśca / asādharmyācchabdo nityaḥ /

evaṃvidhakhaṇḍanaṃ sādharmyakhaṇḍanato 'rthāpattikhaṇḍanāviśeṣānna mayānujñātam /

3. pratidṛṣṭāntakhaṇḍanam / pratidṛṣṭāntabalāt sādhanam / etaducyate pratidṛṣṭānta (vyañjaka) khaṇḍanam /

anityaḥ śabdo 'nityaghaṭasādharmyāditi cet / tadāhamapi tasya nityatāṃ vyaktīkaromi / yathā nityākāśasādharmyānnityaḥ śabdaḥ / yadi nityatāsādharmyānnityatāprāptistadānityatāsādharmyātkathamanityatā /

asattatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / abhāvamātra vastvākāśamucyate / (Tś 27) yadi sato nityavaṃ siddhastadā dṛṣṭāntaḥ sada khaṇḍanam / kintvatrāmato nityatā / ākāśamasadvastvera naitannityamanityaṃ vā vaktuṃ śakyate / asiddho dṛṣṭānta etasya khaṇḍanasya / adṛṣṭānte dṛṣṭāntatākalpanāt / tasmādasadetatkhaṇḍanam / yadi kaścinmanyate sadvastvevākāśo nityaśca / etadviparītakhaṇḍanaṃ natu satkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? / amūrtatvasyanaikāntikatvāt / ākāśo 'mūrto nityaśca cittasukhaduḥkhecchādikantvamūrtamanityam / amūrtaḥ śabdaḥ kimākāśavannityo bhaveccittasukhādivadanityo vā / amūrtatvamanaikāntikatvādasiddho hetuḥ / tasmādviparītametkhaṇḍanam / aparaṃ ca sahetukatvācchabdo 'nityaḥ / vastu sahetukañcet tadānityamiti jñeyaṃ ghaṭādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / asminnarthe saṃśayaḥ / kasmāditi cet / ghaṭotpādaḥ sahetuko 'nityaḥ / ghaṭadhvaṃsastu sahetuko nityaḥ / śabdasya sahetukatvācchabde saṃśayotpattiḥ / sahetukaghaṭotpādavadanityaḥ sahetukaghaṭadhvaṃsavannityo vā /

asadetkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt? yadyasaddravyaṃ nityamucyate daṇḍāghātavinaṣṭavastūnāmapi nityatāpattiḥ /

kiñca śabdo 'nityaḥ / kutaḥ aindriyakatvāt / ghaṭādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / atrāpi saṃśayasambhavaḥ / yadyaindriyakaḥ sāmānyavattadā nityatāpattiḥ / yadi śabda aindriyakastadā sāmānyavannityaḥ / yadi sāmānyavanna nityo bhavet, tadā ghaṭadṛṣṭāntenānityo na bhavet /

asadetatkhaṇḍanam / kasmāt / yadi gavādisāmānyaṃ gavādivyatiriktaṃ syāttadā pṛthaktvena grāhyaṃ draṣṭavyañca (Tś 28) sāmānyantu gavādivyatiriktaṃ pṛthaktvena gṛhyate na ca dṛśyate / tasmādanityamiti jñeyam /

anyacca / ātmā na vidyate / kuta iti cet / anabhivyaktatvāt / sarpaśravaṇavat / iti sthāpite prativādī prāha / samudrabinduparimāṇaṃ himālayagurutvañca madeva kintvanabhivyakte / ātmano 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / sanneva kintvanabhivyaktaḥ / tasmādanabhivyaktiheturnātmābhāvaṃ sthāpayituṃ samarthaḥ /

saṅkhyāparimāṇasya sañcitādapṛthaktvam / tatparimeyasañcitamanukrameṇeyaditīyaditi ca pradarśyate / tatsaṅkhyāparimāṇaṃ smṛtidhāraṇārthaṃ, ekaṃ, daśa, sahasraṃ niyutamityādyucyate / samudrabinduparimāṇasya himālayagurutvasya cāpṛthaktvena satvābhāvāt / yadyaparakhaṇḍanaṃ tatkhaṇḍanasadṛśaṃ taddoṣasthāpanādasatkhaṇḍanamityucyate /

viruddhakhaṇḍanam / arthavisaṃvādakaṃ viruddhamityucyate, yathā prabhāndhakārau sthitigatī visaṃvādake / tadviruddhakhaṇḍanamityucyate /

viruddhakhaṇḍanaṃ trividham / anutpattikhaṇḍanaṃ, nityatākhaṇḍanaṃ, svārthaviruddhakhaṇḍanañca /

1. athānutpattikhaṇḍanam / prāgutpatteḥ prayatnanirapekṣatvānnitya ityanutpattikhaṇḍanam /

prativādī prāha / yadyanityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvāttadā prāgutpatteraprayatna[ānantarīyaka]tvānnityaḥ /

viruddhaṃ tatkhaṇḍanam / kuta iti cet / utpatteḥ pūrvaṃ śabdo 'sanneva / asaṃścet, kathaṃ nityaḥ / yadi kaścidvadedvandhyāputraḥ (Tś 29) kṛṣṇo bandhyāputraḥ śveta iti tadapi siddham bhavet / yadyasannityatānupapattiḥ / yadi nityo 'sattānupapattiḥ / asannityamiti svato viruddham / etadasatkhaṇḍaneṣvarthāpattisamam / kasmāt / asatkhaṇḍanāt / śabdo 'nityaḥ prayatna[ānantarīyakatvā]diti sthāpita etadarthādāpadyate / aprayatna[ānantarīya]katvānnitya iti tadasat / kutaḥ / prayatna[ānantarīya] kaṃ trividham, nityamanityamasacca / nityamākāśavat / anityaṃ vidyudādivat / asadākāśakusumāditiva / etatritayamaprayatna[ānantarīya] kaṃ bhavatā tvekena prakāreṇa nityamiti manyate / tasmādasat /

2. nityatākhaṇḍanam / nityamanityabhāvānnityaḥ śabdaḥ / etannityatākhaṇḍanamucyate /

prativādī prāha / anitye nityamanityatā, sarvadharmāṇāṃ svabhāvānirāsāt / anitye nityamanityatvabhāvānnityatā siddhā /

viruddhametat / kasmāt / yadyanityaṃ nityatālābhaḥ katham / yadi kaścidvadedandhakāre prabhāstīti tadvacanamapi siddhaṃ bhavet / tannaiveti cettato bhavatkhaṇḍanamapi viruddhamasacca / kasmāditi cet / anityateti pṛthagdharmo 'nityena na sambaddhaḥ yo nityo mantavyaḥ / anityatā naiva pṛthagbhāvaḥ / yadyanutpannaṃ vastūtpattiṃ labhata utpannantu vinaśyati tato 'nityamityucyate / anityamasaditi cedyadanityena nityaṃ śthāpitaṃ tasyāpyasattāprasaṅgaḥ /

3. svārthaviruddham / yadi parārthasvaṇḍane svārthahānistadā tatsvārthaviruddhakhaṇḍanamucyate /

Tś 30

anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvādaṅkurādivaditi sthāpite / prativādī prāha / yadi heturanityatāṃ prāpnoti tadānityatātulyaḥ / yadyanityatāṃ na prāpnoti tadānityatāsādhanāsamarthaḥ / tasmādasiddho heturiti /

yadi tāvattava khaṇḍanaṃ matpratijñāṃ prāpnoti, matpratijñātulyatve 'smadarthakhaṇḍanāsamartham / atha na matpratijñāṃ prāpnoti tathāpyasmadarthakhaṇḍanāsamartham / tasmādbhavatkhaṇḍane bhavadarthahāniḥ /

prativādī punarāha / yadi hetuḥ pūrvaṃ pratijñā tu paścāt, tadā pratijñābhāve sa kasya hetuḥ / atha pratijñā pūrvaṃ hetustu paścāttadā, siddhāyāṃ pratijñāyāṃ kiṃ hetunetyeṣo 'pyasiddho hetuḥ /

yadi bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ pūrvamasmatpratijñā tu paścādasmadarthābhāve kiṃ bhavatā khaṇḍyate / yadyasmatpratijñā pūrvaṃ bhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ tu paścāttadāsmatpratijñāyāṃ sthāpitāyāṃ kiṃ bhavatkhaṇḍanena / bhavānasmatkhaṇḍanānujñānādasmatkhaṇḍanopādānena mā khaṇḍayatīti cettadayuktam / kasmāditi cet / mayā prakaṭitaṃ yadbhavatkhaṇḍanaṃ bhavadarthameva pratiṣedhati na tu bhavatkhaṇḍanamavalambyāsmadartho pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ / aparakhaṇḍane tatkhaṇḍanatulye sati taddoṣapratiṣṭhāpanaṃ viruddhakhaṇḍanamucyate /

samyakkhaṇḍanaṃ pañcavidham / iṣṭārthadūṣaṇam, aniṣṭārthavyaktiḥ, prasaṅgavyaktiḥ, viṣamārthavyaktiḥ, marvānyāyasiddhilābhavyaktiḥ /

prativādī prāha / astyātmā saṃghātasya parārthatvāt / (Tś 31) yathā śayanāsanādisaṃghātaḥ parārthaḥ / cakṣurādīndriyasaṃghāto 'pi parārthaḥ / parastvātmā / tasmādastyātmeti jñātam /

nāstyātmā / kuta iti cet / ekāntānabhivyaktatvāt / yadekāntānabhivyaktaṃ tadasadeva / yathānīśvarapuruṣasya dvitīyo mūrdhā / dvitīyo mūrdhā rūpagandhādimūrdhākārato na pṛthak mantavyaḥ / tasmādasan / ātmano 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / cakṣurādīndriyeṣu na hi sa pṛthagabhivyaktaḥ / tasmādasan / astyātmeti cettadayuktam / tadiṣṭadūṣaṇamucyate /

yadi punarbhavān vadati yadātmalakṣaṇamaviśeṣyaṃ, sa tu sanniti tadā dvitīyo mūrdhaviśeṣyo 'pi sanneva bhavet / dvitīyo mūrdhā sanniti bhavatā cenna pratipādyate tadātmanyapi tathā pratipattavyam / iyamucyate 'niṣṭārthavyaktiḥ /

yadi bhavanmate ubhau tulyamevāviśeṣyau / nyāyāsamāśrayāccātmā sanna punardvitīyo mūrdhā / tadāhamapi nyāyāsamaśrayātsanneva dvitīyo mūrdhā na tvātmeti cedvadeyameṣo 'rthaḥ sidvo bhavet / athāsmadartho na siddho bhavadartho 'pi na sidva ityucyate prasaṅgavyaktiḥ /

anyacca / ātmā dvitīya iva mūrdhāviśeṣyaḥ na tvasanniti cettadā vaiṣamyadoṣo bhavanmūrdhyāpatet / yadi kaścidvadedvandhyāputraḥ sālaṅkāro bandhyāputro niralaṅkāra iti tadapi siddhaṃ bhavet / yadi kaścidevaṃ vadettadā vaiṣamyadoṣāpattiḥ / bhavato 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / iyaṃ vaiṣamyadoṣavyaktiḥ / athocyate nyāyāsamāśrayānniyatamevāstyātmā, nyāyāsamāśrayānniyatameva nāsti dvitīyo mūrdheti siddhaṃ ca tadvacanamiti tadā (Tś 32) mūrkhabālānyāyavacanānyapi sidhyeyuryathākāśo dṛśyaḥ, śītolo 'gniḥ, grāhyoḥ vāyurityādi mūrkhavacanāninyāyāsamāśritānyapi bhavatsādhyavat siddhāni bhaveyuḥ / asiddhāni cedbhavadartho 'pyevaṃ syāt / iyamucyate sarvānyāyasiddhilābhavyaktiḥ //

iti dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

Tś 33

atha tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

dvāviṃśatividhā nigrahasthānāpattiḥ / 1 pratijñāhāniḥ, 2 pratijñāntaram, 3 pratijñāvirodha, 4 pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ, 5 hetvantaram, 6 arthāntaram, 7 nirarthakam, 8 avijñātārtham, 9 apārthakam, 10 aprāptakālaṃ, 11 nyūnam, 12 adhikam, 13 punaruktam, 14 ananubhāṣaṇam, 15 ajñānam, 16 apratibhā, 17 vikṣepaḥ (vyājairdūṣaṇaparihāraḥ) 18 matānujñā (paradūṣaṇānujñā), 19 paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam (nigrahasthānaprāptasya nigrahasthānāpattyupekṣaṇam), 20 niranuyojyānuyogaḥ (asthāne nigrahasthānābhiyogaḥ), 21 apasiddhāntaḥ, 22 hetvābhāsāśceti dvāviṃśatibidhāni nigrahasthānāni / yadi kasyacinnigrahasthānāpattirbhavet, na punastena saha vādaḥ kartavyaḥ /

1. pratijñāhāniḥ / svapratijñāyāṃ pratipakṣābhyanujñeti pratijñāhāniḥ / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / amūrtatvāt / ākāśavat / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha / śabda ākāśasādharmyannitya iti cettato yadi vaidharmyaṃ syāt, tadānityaḥ / vaidharmyañca śabdasya sahetukatvamākāśasya tvahetukatvamiti / śabda aindriyaka ākāśastvanaindriyakaḥ / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti pratyavasthita idamāha / sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā na mayā samālocyate / nityasādharmyaṃ tu mayoktam / yadi nityasadharmā tadā nitya iti /

Tś 34

atrāparaḥ / nityasādharmyamanaikāntikam / amūrtānyanityānyapi bastūni vidyante / yathā sukhaduḥkhādīni / tasmādasiddho hetuḥ / vaidharmyaṃ tu sarvamanityaṃ nityavyatiriktamiti niścitaṃ vyanakti / tasmādanityatāsādhane samarthamityukte brūyāt / anityaṃ sahetukam / nityaṃ tvahetukamiti mayāpi pratipāditam / iti pratijñāhāninigrahasthānāpattiḥ / 2. pratijñāntaram / pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe pareṇa kṛte dharmāntaravikalpādarthanirdeśaḥ pratijñāntaramucyate /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / asparśatvāt / ākāśavaditi sthāpite aparaḥ prāha / asparśatvahetunā nityaḥ śabda iti bhavatā sthāpitam / asparśatvahetuścānaikāntikaḥ / cittecchakrodhādyasparśamapyanityam / śabdo 'pyasparśastasmādanaikāntikatā / ākāśādivannityaścittādivadanityo vetyasparśatvamanaikāntikameva / tasmādbhavaddheturasiddhaḥ / yadi heturasiddhastadā pratijñāpyasiddheti prasiddhamiti pratyavasthita idamāha / śabdo nityatā ceti na mama pratijñā / api tu nityatā śabdena saṃbaddhā, śabdaśca nityatathā sambaddha ityasmatpratijñā / yo mayā nirdiṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ sa rūpādiniṣedhārthaḥ /

yā ca mayā nirdiṣṭā nityatā, sā nityatāniṣedhārthā / nityatā śabdānna vyatiricyate rūpādibhyastu vyatiricyate / śabdo nityatāyā na vyatiricyate śrotragrāhyādikāttu vyatiricyate / yadyasmānna vyatiricyate, tattena sambaddham, eṣāsmatpratijñā / mayā na śabdo na ca nityatā sthāpyate / bhavān punaḥ śabdañca nityatāñca khaṇḍayati (Tś 35) na tu mama pratijñāṃ khaṇḍayati / iyamucyate pratijñāntarānagrahasthānāpattiḥ /

3. pratijñāvirodhaḥ / hetupratijñayorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodha ityucyate /

prativādī prāha / nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / sarvasyānityatvāt / ākāśavat / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha bhavatoktaṃ sarvamanityaṃ tasmānnityaḥ śabda iti / atha śabdaḥ sarvasminnantarbhavati na vā / sarvasminnantarbhavati cet / sarvasyānityatvācchabdo 'pyanityaḥ / sarvasminnāntarbhavati cettadā sarvamityasiddham / kuta iti cet / śabdasyāsaṅgrahāt / hetuvacane pratijñāhāniḥ / pratijñāvacane ca hetuhāniḥ / tasmādbhavato 'rtho 'siddhaḥ / iyaṃ pratijñāvirodhanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

4. pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ / pareṇa svapratijñāpratiṣedhe kṛte saṃnyāso 'samarthaneti pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kutaḥ / aindriyakatvāt / yathā sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityañca / śabdo 'pyaindriyakatvānnityaḥ / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha nityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvāditi bhavatoktam / atha yadaindriyakaṃ tadanityalakṣaṇākrāntaṃ ghaṭādivat / ghaṭo hyaindriyakatvādanityaḥ / tasmācchabdopyanitya iti / yadbhavatoktaṃ sāmānyavannityamiti tadayuktam / tathā hi gavādisāmānyaṃ gavāderabhinnaṃ bhinnaṃ vā / abhinnañced, gaureva san sāmānyaṃ tvasat / bhinnañced, gorvyatiriktaṃ sāmānyaṃ prakāśeta na tu gorvyatiriktaṃ sāmānyaṃ prakāśate tasmāddṛṣṭānto na nityatāsādhakaḥ / pratijñā cāsiddhā / (Tś 36) iti dūṣaṇe kṛte prativādī prāha kenaitatsthāpitam / iyaṃ pratijñāsannyāsanigrahasthānāpattirityucyate /

5. hetvantaram / aviśeṣahetau sthāpite paścāddhetvantaroktiriti hetvantaram /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / dviranabhivyaktatvāt / yannityaṃ tatsarvaṃ sakṛdabhivyaktamākāśavat / śabdasyāpi tathātvam / iti sthāpite 'paraḥ prāha / nityaḥ śabdo dviranabhivyaktatvāt / ākāśavaditi na tveṣa heturyuktaḥ / kuta iti ceddviranabhivyaktasya nityatānaikāntikatvāt / yathā vāyoḥ sparśasya ca sakṛdevābhivaktavāpi vāyuranityaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti pratyavasthita idamāha / śabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇaḥ / vāyurhi tvagindriyagrāhyaḥ / śabdastu śravaṇagrāhyaḥ / tasmācchabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇa iti /

atrāparaḥ prāha / pūrvamuktaṃ bhavatā śabdo nityo dviranabhivyaktatvādityadhunā tūcyate śabdo vāyuvilakṣaṇaḥ pṛthagindriyagrāhyatvāditi prathamahetutyāgena bhavata hetvantaraṃ pratiṣṭhāpitam / tasmādbhavato heturasiddhaḥ / iyaṃ hetvantaranigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

6. arthāntaram / prakṛtārthāpratisambaddhārthābhidhānamarthāntaram /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / kasmāt / rūpādipañcaskandhā daśahetupratyayāḥ / etaducyate arthāntaram /

7. nirarthakam / yadā vāda iṣṭastadā mantrabhāṣaṇamiti nirarthakiam /

Tś 37

8. avijñātārtham / pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ trirabhihitamapyavijñātamityavijñātārtham /

yadi kaściddharmaṃ vakti pariṣattu prativādī ca jijñāsāvapi trirabhihitaṃ jñātumasamarthau / yathā (kaścidvaded) aṇuramūrtaḥ sukhotpādakaḥ duḥkhotpādako 'prāpto sāpakarṣotkarṣaḥ samito 'sannyāso na vināśaḥ / śabdo nityaḥ kasmāt / anityasya nityatvāt / iyamavijñātārthanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

9. apārthakam / paurvāparyyāsambandho 'pārthakam / yathā kaścidvadet / daśavidhaṃ phalaṃ trividhaḥ kaṃbala ekavidhaṃ pānabhojanametadapārthakamucyate /

10. aprāptakālam / pratijñāyāṃ duṣṭāyāṃ paścāddhetusthāpanamaprāptakālam /

nityaḥ śabdaḥ / yathā pārimāṇḍalyāśrayasya paramāṇornityatvātpārimāṇḍalyaṃ nityaṃ śabdasyāpi tathātvasambhava iti kṛte 'paraḥ prāha / bhavatā nityatāsthāpane heturnoktaḥ, pañcāvayavanyūnavacanasthāpanādbhavadartho 'siddha iti dūṣita idaṃ prāha / asti me heturnāmnā tu noktaḥ / ko 'yaṃ heturiti cet / nityākāśāśrayatvamiti /

atrāparaḥ / yathā gṛhe dagdhe tatparitrāṇāyodakānveṣaṇaṃ tathānavasare 'rtharakṣaṇāya hetusthāpanam / etadaprāptakālamucyate /

11. nyūnam / pañcāvayavā anyatamena hīnā iti nyūnam / pratijñā heturudāharaṇamupanayanaṃ nigamanamiti pañcāvayavāḥ /

Tś 38

yathā (kaścidvadatya) nityaḥ śabda ityayaṃ prathamo 'vayavaḥ / kṛtakatvāditi dvitīyo 'vayavaḥ / yadvastu kṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ kṛtako 'nityaśceti tṛtīyo 'vayavaḥ / śabdo 'pi tatheti caturtho 'vayavaḥ / tasmācchabdo 'nitya iti pañcamo 'vayavaḥ / pañcāvayavānāmanyatamena nyūnatā nyūnanigrahasthānāpattirityucyate /

12. adhikam / bahuhetūdāharaṇoktiradhikam / yathā (kaścidvade) cchabdo 'nityaḥ / kasmāt? / prayatnānantarīyakatvādamūrtatvādaindriyakatvādutpādavināśābhyāṃ vācyatvāccaitaddhetubāhulyamityucyate / api ca śabdo 'nityaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavatpaṭavatgṛhavatkarmmavat / etaddṛṣṭāntabāhulyamityucyate /

vādī prāha / bhavatā hetūdāharaṇabahulyamuktam / yadyeko hetuḥ sādhanāsamarthastadā kathamekahetuprayogaḥ / atha sādhanasamarthastadā kiṃ hetubāhulyena udāharaṇabahulye 'pi tathātvasambhavaḥ / tadbāhulyokteraprayojanatvāt /

13. punaruktam / punaruktaṃ trividhaṃ, śabdapunaruktaṃ, artha punaruktaṃ, arthāpattipunaruktañca / śabdapunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvade) cchakraḥ śakraḥ / arthapunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvadet) cakṣurakṣi / arthāpattipunaruktaṃ yathā (kaścidvadet) satyaṃ saṃsāro duḥkhaṃ satyaṃ nirvāṇaṃ sukham / prathamameva vacanaṃ vaktavyaṃ dvitīyaṃ tvaprayojanam / kasmāt / pūrvavacanasya spaṣṭārthatvāt / pūrvavacanasyārtha spaṣṭaśced, dvitīyavacanena kiṃ spaṣṭaṃ bhavet / yadi na kiñcit prakaṭayitavyaṃ tadā tadaprayojanam / etatpunaruktamityucyate /

14. ananubhāṣaṇam / pariṣadā vijñātāyāḥ pratijñāyāstrirabhihitāyā (Tś 39) api yadi kaścitpratyuccāraṇāsamarthastadānanubhāṣaṇam /

15. ajñānam / pariṣadā vijñātāyā api pratijñāyāḥ kenacidavijñānamajñānamucyate /

16. apratibhā / yadi parasya pratijñāṃ nyāyavadīkṣate dūṣaṇe cāsamarthastadāpratibhā /

apare tu vadanti / ajñāne 'pratibhāyāñcobhayatrānigrahasthānāpattiḥ / kasmāt? / yadi kaścidarthaṃ na vijānāti dūṣaṇe cāsamarthastena saha vādo na kartavya iti /

ete tvatimande nigrahasthāne / anyeṣu nigrahasthāneṣu, sadoṣasya vacanasya vividhenopāyenoddharaṇaṃ śakyam / atra tūbhayatra na kaścidupāya uddharaṇasamarthaḥ / eṣa manuṣyaḥ pūrvaṃ pāṇḍityagauravaṃ sthāpayati, paścāttu pāṇḍityaṃ prakaṭayitumaśaktaḥ /

17. vikṣepaḥ / svapratijñāyā doṣaṃ jñātvā vyājaiḥ parihāraḥ kāryāntarakathanam / yathāhaṃ svayaṃ rogī, ahaṃ paraṃ roginaṃ draṣṭumicchāmi / tadā tu yadi nāpakrāmati paradūṣaṇanirākaraṇaṃ na kalpayati / kasmāt / bandhusnehāpagamabhayāt / iti vikṣepanigrahasthānāpattirucyate /

18. matānujñā / paradūṣaṇe svapakṣadoṣābhyupagama iti matānujñā / yadi kaścit pareṇa dūṣaṇe kṛte, svapakṣadoṣamanujānāti, yathā mama doṣa evaṃ bhavato 'pītyabhyupagacchan / iyaṃ matānujñocyate /

19. paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam / yadi kaścinnigrahasthānaṃ prāpnuyāt, tasya nigrahāpattyanudbhāvanaṃ taddūṣaṇecchayā tu (Tś 40) dūṣaṇasthāpanam / tadarthe ca hīne kiṃ prayojanaṃ dūṣaṇena / asiddhametaddūṣaṇam / etaducyate paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam /

20. niranuyojyānuyogaḥ / kasyacidanigrāhyatve 'pi nigrahasthānābhiyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ / anyacca / prativādini svapratijñāhānyāpanne svapakṣabhinnārthopādānenāsthāne paranigrahasthānadyotanam / ayamapi niranuyojyānuyogaḥ /

21. apasiddhāntaḥ / pūrvaṃ caturvidhe siddhānte svayamaṅgīkṛte 'pi paścāccedyathāsiddhāntaṃ na brūyādayamapasiddhāntaḥ /

22. hetvābhāsāḥ / yathā pūrvamuktāstrividhāḥ / asiddho 'neikāntiko viruddhaśceti hetvābhāsāḥ /

asiddhaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayedaśva āgacchati / kasmāt / śṛṅgadarśanāt / aśvo 'śṛṅga iti śṛṅgaheturasiddho 'śvāgamanasthāpanāsamarthaḥ /

anaikāntikaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayetgaurāgacchati / kasmāt / śṛṅgadarśanāt / yaḥ saśṛṅga sa gaurityanaikāntikaḥ chāgarurvādīnāṃ saśṛṅgatvāt / śṛṅgaheturanaikāntikaḥ / tasmādgavāgamanasthāpanāsamarthaḥ /

viruddhaḥ / yathā kaścit sthāpayetprabhāte rātriḥ / kasmāt / aruṇodayāt / aruṇodayo rātryā viruddhaḥ / aruṇodayahetū rātristhāpanāsamarthaḥ / yadi kenacideṣa hetuḥ prayujyate tadā hetvābhāsanigrahasthānāpattiḥ /

iti tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam / samāptaścāyaṃ grantha /