Īśvarakṛṣṇa: Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti

|| śrīḥ ||

sāṅkhyakārikā māṭharavṛttisahitā

sarvavidyāvidhātāram ādityasthaṃ sanātanam /
nato 'smi parayā bhaktyā kāpilaṃ jyotir īśvaram // 1 //

kapilāya namas tasmai yenāvidyodadhau jagati magne /
kāruṇyāt sāṅkhyamayī naur iha vihitā prataraṇāya // 2 //

namaskṛtya tu taṃ tasya vakṣye jñānasya kāraṇam /
hitāya sarvaśiṣyāṇām alpagranthasamuccayam // 3 //

duḥkhatrayābhighātāj jijñāsā tadabhighātake hetau /
dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cen naikāntātyantato 'bhāvāt // ISk_1 //

asyā āryāyā upodghātaḥ kriyate ---

sthānaṃ nimittaṃ vaktā ca śrotā śrotṛprayojanam /
sambandhādyabhidhānaṃ ca upodghātaḥ sa ucyate //

iha hi bhagavān maharṣiḥ sāṃsiddhikadharmajñānavairāgyaiśvaryasampanno bhagavataḥ purāṇapuruṣasyāvatāro jagadanujighṛkṣayā prajāpateḥ kardamasya putraḥ svāyambhuvasya manor duhitari devahūtyāṃ kapilo nāma babhūva | sa tena guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpeṇa jñānenāpārapāraṃ didarśiṣayā hastāvalambeneva, kālāhidandaśyamānajagataḥ sudhāmaṇineva, duścikitsyasya bhavavyādher apanayanāya samyagauṣadheneva, avidyāndhakārapradhvaṃsanapradīpeneva, muktimārgavirodhimohavṛkṣavivraścanakuṭhāreṇevāmunāvabodhena sampanno 'ndhe tamasi majjaj jagad idam adrākṣīt | tad avalokyāsya kāruṇyam udapādi | aho khalv idaṃ jagad anādikālasambaddhaṃ nisargād eva andhe tamasi vartata iti | athāsau mahāyogī katham asya varākasya andhe tamasi vartamānasya viśvasyānugrahaḥ kārya iti samutpannakāruṇyo manasi cintām āpede | sa(p.1) evaṃ vicintayan āsurisagotraṃ brāhmaṇaviśeṣaṃ varṣasahasrayājinam adhikāriṇam avagatya brahmopadeśavidyayā atandrito bhūtvā vācam ity uvāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "rame bho" iti | sa evam ukto munir īṣadaniṣpannavivekavairāgyo 'yam iti vyavasya nirgamya bhūyo 'pi dvitīye varṣasahasre pūrṇe pratyāgatya tathaivābhyuvāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "rame bho" iti | athāsau mahāyogīndras tathaiva nirgamya tṛtīye varṣasahasre sampūrṇe abhyetyovāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "na rame bho" iti | atha sa bhagavatā uktaḥ --- katham iti | punar āha āsuriḥ --- "duḥkhatrayābhighātāt" iti | athāha kapilaḥ --- tāta utsahase brahmacaryavāsaṃ vastuṃ yadi tadāmīṣāṃ duḥkhatrayāṇāṃ pratīkāraṃ vayam upadekṣyāmaḥ | so 'bravīt --- "bhagavan bāḍhaṃ śakto 'haṃ bhagavatām ādeśam anugantum" iti | sa evaṃ gṛhasthadharmam apahāya putradārādikaṃ ca, pravrajito bhagavataḥ kila kapilācāryasya yoginaḥ prāṇāḥ(?) śiṣyo babhūva | tatra yadi kaścid evaṃ brūyāt --- kuto 'sya jijñāsā samutpannā yayāsau gurukulam abhigata iti | tatrāyaṃ prativādaḥ | duḥkhatrayābhighātāj jijñāsā samutpannā | kam iha paraṃ, kiṃ yāthātmyaṃ, kiṃ niḥśreyasaṃ, kiṃ kṛtvā kṛtārthaḥ syām iti matvāsau gurukulam abhigata iti | tathā hi ---

"tat tapaḥ sa japaḥ sā dhīs taj jñānaṃ sā ca vaiduṣī /
yato naiva nipātaḥ syād antaḥsaṃsārasāgaram" //

iti śravaṇāt |

kiñ ca ---

ihopapattir mama kena karmaṇā kva ca prayātavyam ito bhavād iti /
vicāraṇā yasya na jāyate kṣitau kathaṃ sa dharmapravaṇo bhaviṣyati //

tasmāt samīcīnam idaṃ yad asyetijijñāsā samudapādi |

kiṃ punas tad duḥkhatrayaṃ, tad āha --- ādhyātmikam, ādhibhautikam, ādhidaivikam | tatra prathamaṃ dvividhaṃ, śārīraṃ mānasaṃ ca | tatra śārīraṃ vātapittaśleṣmaṇāṃ dehadhātūnāṃ vaiṣamyād yad duḥkham ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya jvarātīsārādi pravartate | mānasaṃ priyaviyogād apriyasaṃyogāc ca dvividham | etad ādhyātmikaṃ duḥkham abhihitam | ādhibhautikaṃ tu bhūtāny adhikṛtya yat pravartate mānuṣapaśupakṣisarīsṛpasthāvaranimittam | ādhidaivikaṃ tu divam adhikṛtya yat pravartate śītoṣṇavātavarṣādikam | evam etais tribhir duḥkhair abhihatasyāsurisagotrasya brāhmaṇasya jijñāsā samutpannā | kva viṣaye?(p.2) tadabhighātake hetau | teṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ duḥkhānām abhighātako vināśako yo 'sau hetus tatra | tāṃ jijñāsām āha | kim amūni duḥkhāni vapuṣaḥ, āhosvit tadvyatirikto 'sti kaścid anyaḥ puruṣo yasyemāni trīṇi duḥkhāni jāyante, utāmīṣāṃ pratīkāropāyo 'py asti na vā | yady asti tadānīṃ tam evāsthāsyāmaḥ | no cet prathamaprāvṛḍāsāraṃ ṣaṇḍha[?] ivāmūni nimīlitanetrā vayaṃ soḍhāraḥ | vṛścikādidaṣṭa eva viṣapratīkārāya jāṅgulikaṃ gaveṣayati no vā viṣabhavapīḍāsahaḥ | evam asahyaduḥkhābhibhūtasyāsures tadabhighātake hetau jijñāsā samutpannā | sa ca samutpannaduḥkhābhāvaṃ jijñāsus tatpratīkārakuśalaṃ bhagavantaṃ kapilācāryaṃ śaraṇam abhyupagataḥ, ayaṃ madabhilaṣitaduḥkhapratīkāropāyaṃ vakṣyatīti | nanu duḥkhebhya eva jijñāsā samutpannā kathaṃ teṣām evābhāvāya kāraṇatvam upayāti | na hi janayitrīsakāśād utpannas tanayas tasyā eva vyāpādanaṃ kurute | satyam | iha loke yady asmād utpadyate tat tasyāpi vipattikāraṇaṃ dṛśyate | yathā karkaṭako 'śvataro vā janayitryāḥ samutpannas tām eva vyāpādayati | yad vā yathā kaścid āśīviṣaḥ śuṣkatṛṇabahulapradeśe sthitaḥ pratisarpaṃ dṛṣṭvā kruddhas tasya mukhaniḥśvāsanirgato vahnis tṛṇāni taṃ vāpi sarpaṃ dadāha | amunā nyāyena duḥkhebhya eva jijñāsā niṣpannā duḥkhānām evābhāvaṃ kariṣyatīty arthasaṅgatiḥ | atrocyate | dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cet | ced ity ayaṃ nipātaḥ śaṅkāyāṃ vartate | iha loke sakalasamutpannaduḥkhānāṃ pratīkāro 'sty eva, kiṃ tadarthaṃ kapilopasarpaṇeneti bhāvaḥ | tam eva hetuṃ dṛṣṭaṃ darśayati | śārīrādhyātmikānāṃ jvarātīsārādisakalavyādhīnāṃ santy evāgadaṅkārā aṣṭāṅgāyurvedavido bhiṣajaḥ kāyaśalyaśalākāviṣonmādaklībajarākumāracikitsānipuṇāḥ | mānasasyādhyātmikatāpasya pratīkāraḥ priyavastusaṃyogād apriyasya dūrataḥ pariharaṇāc ca | ādhibhautikasya tu grāmanagarādikalpanayā prahāṇopapattiḥ | ādhidaivikasyābhivātayātaprāvaraṇāvaraṇādibhiḥ | atas tadabhighātakāraṇāt kiṃ kapilopasarpaṇeneti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca laukikānām ābhāṇakaḥ ---

arke cen madhu vindeta kimarthaṃ parvataṃ vrajet /
iṣṭasya līlayā siddhau ko vidvān yatnam āśrayet //

atrocyate --- na | na ity ayaṃ pūrvapakṣavākyaniṣedhe | naivaṃ vācyam ity arthaḥ | ekāntātyantato 'bhāvāt | ekāntato 'vaśyaṃ tvaduktahetubhir na pratīkāraḥ | yataś cikitsakānāṃ suprayuktāgadānāṃ yathāśakti yatatām api kadācij jantur(p.3) vipadyate kadācij jīvati | vaidyagṛhe 'pi vadhūputrakalatrabhrātṛpitṛpabhṛtīnām aparihāryamaraṇadarśanān nāyam aikāntikapratīkāra ādhyātmikasya | aparam, atyantato 'pi nāsau pratīkāraḥ | agadena nīrujīkṛtānām api jvarādīnāṃ punaḥ katipayadivasair utpattidarśanāt | ataḥ sarvathā ātyantiko 'pi na dṛṣṭaḥ pratīkāra ādhyātmikaduḥkhāpanayane samarthaḥ | vasantādīnām apagatānām api punar āgamanavat | bhavanti cātra ślokāḥ ---

punar dāhaḥ samutpannaḥ punar jātaś ca vepathuḥ /
bādhate ca punar hikkā jvaraś ca punar āgataḥ //

anyac ca ---

puṣpitākṣaḥ śalākī ca kuṣṭhī kāyacikitsakaḥ /
pṛcchanti bālabhiṣajaṃ kathaṃ te dārakā mṛtāḥ //

kiñ ca nāsti samyagdhātuparijñānanipuṇatayā bhaiṣajyam | tathā hi ---

yāni kāni ca mūlāni yena kena ca peṣayet /
yasmai kasmai ca dātavyaṃ yad vā tad vā bhaviṣyati //

anyac ca --- kāryārthijanadravyabhakṣaṇāya, svaśaktikhyāpanāya ca svalpam api rogaṃ purastād vardhayanti bhiṣajaḥ | tataś ca kadācid asau teṣām evāsādhyatām āyāti | tathā ca ---

vaidya vaidya namas tubhyaṃ kṣapitāśeṣamānava /
tvayi vinyastabhāro 'yaṃ kṛtāntaḥ sukham edhate //

evam asau dṛṣṭenāgadādihetunā, ekātanto 'vaśyam, atyantataḥ sarvathā, śārīrasyādhyātmikaduḥkhasya na pratīkāraḥ | evaṃ mānasasyāpi śabdādipriyasaṃyogād api kadācin na nivṛttiḥ | evam ādhibhautikam apy upāyaiḥ kadācid vyapaiti, kadācic ca neti | evam ādhidaivikam api kadācid vyapaiti kadācic ca na | kiñ ca vyapagatir api duḥkhasya punarutpādād anarthiketi | asya tu śiṣyasyaikāntika ātyantikaś ca duḥkhavyapagame hetur iṣṭaḥ | tasmād yuktaṃ tadarthaṃ gurūpasarpaṇam iti // SkMv_1 //

yady evaṃ tadā dṛṣṭavyatirekeṇāpy ānuśravikaḥ śrutipraṇītaḥ svargādisādhanarūpo yajñādir hetur astu | nākapṛṣṭhe 'pi tāpatrayāsambhavāt | tatraikāntikam ātyantikaṃ vānuśrave vede śrūyate | guruṇoktaṃ paścād vedaṃ śṛṇvanti śiṣyā ity anuśravo vedaḥ | tatra bhava ānuśravikaḥ | śrauto yajñādirūpo 'yaṃ duḥkhatrayapratīkārahetur ucito 'sti | evaṃ hy āha --- "tarati mṛtyuṃ, tarati śokaṃ, tarati pāpmānaṃ, tarati brahmahatyāṃ yo 'śvamedhena yajate" [śatapathabrāhmaṇa 13 |3 |1 |1] iti | yac cainaṃ devāḥ punar apy āhuḥ ---(p.4)

"apāma somam amṛtā abhūmāganma jyotir avidāma devān /
kiṃ nūnam asmān kṛṇavad arātiḥ kim u dhūrtir amṛta martyasya" //

[ṛgvedasaṃhitā 8 |48 |3] iti |

iha --- śrutāv aikāntikam ātyantikaṃ ca phalaṃ śrūyate | atrāsya vyākhyā --- kadācit kilendro devān upasthitān niśamya ity avocat --- bho bho devatvād anyad api kim apy asti sukham | tatas te devā ūcuḥ --- nāsty anyat sukham | ata evāsmannivāsasya nāka ity abhidhānam | kam iti sukhanāma, tasya niṣedhaḥ akam asukhaṃ tan na iti nākam | kevalaṃ sukham eva | dvau nañau prakṛtam arthaṃ gamayataḥ | tataḥ prāhendraḥ --- katham iti | tatas te ūcuḥ --- anena hetunā apāma pītavantaḥ | somaṃ yajñe somarasaṃ, tena tatpānena amṛtā amarā abhūma sampannāḥ | kiṃ ca aganma prāptavantaḥ jyotiḥ svargam | anyac ca avidāma jānīmo devān | asmin svarge iyanto devā iti vidmaḥ | kim ity ākṣepe | nūnaṃ niścitam | asmān asmākaṃ vibhaktivipariṇāmaḥ | kṛṇavat kartā | arātiḥ śatrur mṛtyuḥ | kiṃ vā dhṛtir jarā asmākaṃ kariṣyati | amṛtamartyasya amṛtapāyināṃ martyānām iti | "bahulaṃ chandasi"[ ] iti vacanavipariṇāmaḥ | evam anyo 'pi yaḥ somaṃ pāsyati tasyaikāntiko 'vaśyam ātyantikaḥ sarvathā duḥkhatrayābhighāto bhaviṣyati | ato brūmaḥ kiṃ pravrajyayā sāṅkhyajñānena vā kāryaṃ vedoktaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ | duḥkhapratīkāraś ca svargo bhāvīti vedavādināṃ vacanam upaśrutya sāṅkhyācāryas tannivāraṇāya svamatapratiṣṭhāyai ca dvitīyām āryām āha ---

dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy aviśuddhaḥ kṣayātiśayayuktaḥ /
tadviparītaḥ śreyān vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt // ISk_2 //

ya eṣa ānuśravikaḥ śrauto 'gnihotrādikaḥ svargasādhanatayā tāpatrayapratīkārahetur uktaḥ, so 'pi dṛṣṭavad anaikāntikaḥ pratīkāraḥ | tathā hi --- "madhyamapiṇḍaṃ putrakāmā patnī prāśnīyāt "ādhatta pitaro garbham"(vājasaneyisaṃhitā 2 |33) iti mantreṇa"[āpastambaśrautasūtra 2 |7 |14] | tad evaṃ vedavacasā bahūn piṇḍān paraḥśatān aśnāti yāvad eko 'pi putro na jāyate | tathā "paśyema śaradaḥ śataṃ jīvema śaradaḥ śatam"[ṛgvedasaṃhitā 7 |66 |16] iti śrutāv āste | paraṃ garbhastho jātamātro bālo yuvāpi kumāro mriyate | kiṃ cānyat --- sa śrauto hetuḥ aviśuddhaḥ paśuhiṃsātmakatvāt | kṣayayuktaḥ punaḥ pātāt | atiśayayuktaḥ tatrāpi svāmibhṛtyabhāvaśravaṇāt | uktaṃ ca ---(p.5)

"ṣaṭśatāni niyujyante paśūnāṃ madhyame 'hani /
aśvamedhasya vacanād ūnāni paśubhis tribhiḥ" //

paśuvadho 'gniṣṭome mānuṣavadhaḥ gosavavyavasthā sautrāmaṇyāṃ surāpānaṃ raṇḍayā saha svecchālāpaś ca ṛtvijām | kalpasūtre 'nyad apy akṛtyaṃ bhūri kartavyatayopadiśyate | "brahmaṇe brāhmaṇam ālabheta kṣatrāya rājanyaṃ marudbhyo vaiśyaṃ tapase taskaraṃ nārakāya vīrahaṇam"[taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 3 |4 |11, āpastambaśrautasūtra 20 |24 |8] ityādiśravaṇāt | kiñ ca ---

"yathā paṅkena paṅkāmbhaḥ surayā vā surākṛtam /
bhūtahatyāṃ tathaivemāṃ na yajñair mārṣṭum arhati" //

[bhāgavatapurāṇa, 1 |8 |52] "na hi hastāv asṛgdigdhau rudhireṇaiva śuddhyataḥ" /

"tad yathāsmin loke manuṣyāḥ paśūn aśnanti tathābhibhuñjata evam amuṣmin loke paśavo manuṣyān aśnanti" [śāṅkhāyanabrāhmaṇa 11 |2] iti śrutiśravaṇāt | anyac ca ---

"vṛkṣān chitvā paśūn hatvā kṛtvā rudhirakardamam /
yajñaiś ced gamyate svargo narakaḥ kena gamyate" //

ity aviśuddhiyuktaḥ sarvathā śrauto duḥkhatrayapratīkārahetuḥ | atha "apāma somam amṛtā abhūma" iti prāg uktam | tatredaṃ pratyuttaram | somapāyinām api nṛganahuṣendrayayātīnāṃ bedhabandhaparikleśā bahuvidhāḥ | karmaṇa upabhogād itareṣāṃ patanaṃ ca | ekāhādīnāṃ satrāṇāṃ dinaparimāṇavatāṃ kāraṇānāṃ parimāṇavad eva svargādi kāryaṃ dṛṣṭam | kāraṇānugamatvāt kāryasya | parimāṇavanmṛtpiṇḍāt parimāṇavān eva ghaṭaḥ syāt | evam ānuśravikāṇāṃ phalaparimāṇatvāt punaḥ kṣayaḥ | atiśayayuktaś ca | yathā āḍhyam avalokya daridrasya duḥkhaṃ syāt, surūpaṃ ca vīkṣya kurūpasya, prājñaṃ dṛṣṭvā mūrkhasya, tathā śatāpsarasaṃ svargiṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā pañcāpsarasas taṃ dṛṣṭvaikāpsaraso duḥkham utpadyate | evam ayaṃ dṛṣṭavat | tad evam anyonyātiśayāt svarge 'pi duḥkham avyāvṛttam | tasmāt | tadviparītaḥ śreyān | tābhyāṃ dṛṣṭānuśravikābhyāṃ hetubhyāṃ viparīto visadṛśa aikāntika ātyantiko viśuddho 'kṣayo 'nantaphalaḥ kaivalyān niratiśayo hetuḥ sa śreyān praśasyaḥ | kathaṃ punar asau bhavatīty āha --- vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt | vyaktaṃ cāvyaktaṃ ca jñaś ca teṣāṃ(p.6) trayāṇāṃ vijñānād anubhavāt | bhavati hy asau avaśyaṃ phaladānād aikāntikaḥ, prakṛtijñānād ātyantikaḥ, yamaniyamādimattvāc chuddhaḥ, śarīrabhede punar anāveśyatvād akṣayaphalaḥ | kaivalyād anuttaratvāc ca niratiśayaphalam iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | tatra vyaktaṃ buddhyahaṅkārendriyatanmātrabhūtabhedāt trayoviṃśatikam | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | vyaktotpattikāraṇam | na hy akāraṇaṃ kāryam ity asya siddhiḥ | jñaḥ puruṣaḥ | sannidhisattāmātreṇa cumbaka iva lohasya pravṛttikāraṇam | ataḥ pradhānasya jaḍasya pravṛttihetur ayam astīti siddhiḥ | etāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni vyaktāvyaktajñasaṃjñāni | yadvijñānād avaśyaṃ sarvathā tāpatrayeṇa vimucyate // SkMv_2 //

nanv amīṣāṃ katidhā pravibhāga ity atrocyate caturdhā | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---

mūlaprakṛtir avikṛtir mahadādyāḥ prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ sapta /
ṣoḍaśakas tu vikāro na prakṛtir na vikṛtiḥ puruṣaḥ // ISk_3 //

mūlaprakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ mūlabhūtatvāt | mūlaṃ saptānāṃ prakṛtivikṛtīnām ādir ity arthaḥ | prakaraṇāt prakṛtiḥ | prasavadharmakatvāt sā prakṛtiḥ | na vikṛtir avikṛtir anyasmād anutpatteḥ | kāraṇam eva sā na kāryam ity arthaḥ | anutpannatvād utpādakatvāc ca | mahadādyās tu sapta prakṛtayo vikṛtayaś ca | mahān ahaṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi ceti sapta prakṛtayo 'nyeṣāṃ kāraṇatayā, vikṛtayaś ca kāryatayā svayam | tatra vyaktim āha --- pradhānād buddhir iti vikṛtiḥ, sā ca ahaṅkāraṃ janayatīti prakṛtiḥ | ahaṅkāro mahata utpanna iti vikṛtiḥ, tanmātrāṇi janayatīti prakṛtiḥ | tanmātrāṇy ahaṅkārād utpannānīti vikṛtayaḥ pañcāpi, tataḥ pañcamahābhūtāni jāyanta iti prakṛtayaḥ | utpannatvād utpādakatvāc ca saptamāḥ prakṛtayo vikṛtayaś ca | tanmātrāṇi śabdasparśarūparasagandhākhyāni | ṣoḍaśakas tu punar vikāra eva kāryatvāt | na tu tasya prakṛtitvam akāraṇatvāt | tadvyaktim āha --- vaikṛtikād ahaṅkārād utpannāny ekādaśendriyāṇi tanmātrebhyaḥ pañcamahābhūtānīti ṣoḍaśako 'yaṃ gaṇo vikāro 'nyasmād utpanno na hi tato 'nyad utpadyata ity arthaḥ | utpannatvād anutpādakatvāc ca | puruṣas tu punar na prakṛtir anutpādakatvāt na ca vikṛtir anutpannatvāt | naivāsau kāraṇaṃ na ca kāryam ity arthaḥ | evam eṣa prakṛtiḥ, prakṛtivikṛtiḥ, vikṛtiḥ, na prakṛtir na ca vikṛtir itibhedāc caturdhā prakṛtivikṛtivibhāgo 'bhihitaḥ // SkMv_3 //

(p.7)

eṣāṃ vyaktāvyaktajñānāṃ prameyāṇāṃ sādhanāya pramāṇāny āha | pramāṇaprameyapramātṛpramitikrameṇa hi sakalasya siddhir dṛṣṭā |

dṛṣṭam anumānam āptavacanaṃ ca sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt /
trividhaṃ pramāṇam iṣṭaṃ prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi // ISk_4 //

dṛṣṭam iti pratyakṣaparyāyaḥ | akṣam indriyaṃ pratītya yad utpadyate jñānaṃ tat pratyakṣaṃ dṛṣṭam ucyate | yathā śrotrādīnāṃ śabdādayaḥ pañcendriyārthāḥ pañcānāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ pramāṇam | prathamam idaṃ mukhyaṃ sakalapramāṇānām | yo 'rtho 'munā dṛṣṭena sādhayituṃ na pāryate tatrānumānasyāvakāśaḥ | tac ca trisādhanaṃ pañcasādhanaṃ vā | tryavayavaṃ pañcāvayavam ity apare | tac ca trayastriṃśadābhāsarahitaṃ pratyakṣābhāve pratanyate 'numānam | kam api hetum anvīkṣya tasya hetoḥ paścān mīyata ity anumānam | yathā dhūmaṃ hetum anvīkṣya mahānasa iva pūrvaṃ vahnidarśanād agner astitvaṃ sādhyata ity anumānam | pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ yo 'rthaḥ sādhayituṃ na śakyas tatrāptavacanam | yathā svarge 'psarasaḥ santi, nandanaṃ vanaṃ, tatra viśeṣāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ, vimāne 'dhivāsa iti | āptā rāgadveṣādirahitā brahmasanatkumārādayaḥ, śrutir vedaḥ, tābhyāṃ upadiṣṭaṃ tathetiśraddheyam āptavacanam | nanv arthāpattiḥ sambhavo 'bhāvaḥ pratibhā aitihyam upamānaṃ cetiprabhṛtīni santi bahūni pramāṇāntarāṇi katham atra trividhaṃ pramāṇam iti saṅgatiḥ | atrocyate --- sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt | sarvāṇi hi pramāṇāni pramāṇatraye 'viruddhāni | tatra pīno devadatto divā na bhuṅkta ity ukte rātrau bhuṅkta ity arthaḥ | sārthāpattir anumānam eva | prastha ity ukte catvāraḥ kuḍavā iti bodhaḥ sambhavaḥ | so 'py anumānam eva | abhāvaś ca prāgitaretarapradhvaṃsātyantābhāvabhedāc caturdhā | yathā vrīhiśoṣaṇadarśanān na vṛṣṭo deva iti vṛṣṭer abhāvaṃ sādhayati | so 'py anumānabhedaḥ | pratibhā yathā ---

dakṣiṇena tu vindhyasya sahyasya tu yad uttaram /
pṛthivyām ā samudrāyāṃ sa pradeśo manoramaḥ //

ity ukte tatra śobhanā guṇāḥ santīti pratibhotpadyate | pratibhā jānatāṃ jñānam | sāpy anumānam eva | aitihyaṃ yathā --- asmin vaṭe yakṣiṇī prativasati iti janā vadanti ity ukte, sā vighnaṃ karoti, dhanādi yacchatīti jñānaṃ, tad apy anumānam eva | upamānam --- yathā gaus tathā gavaya ity(p.8) apy anumānam eva | kiṃ ca tṛṣitasyāñjalinā, kṣudhitasya pañcāṅguliyāgāt, pṛthulākṣiprabhṛtidarśanāt durbalasya, tarjanīpaṅkadarśanāt? jñānam ityādyanumānam eva | tasmāt triṣv evānyad antarbhavatīti yuktam abhihitaṃ trividhaṃ pramāṇam | iṣṭam iti abhipretam ity arthaḥ | tena pramāṇena kiṃ sādhyam ity āha --- prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi | yasmāt prameyaṃ sakalaṃ pramāṇena pramīyate yathā tulayā candanādi, karṣādinā ghṛtādi, prasthādinā vā vrīhyādītyādivat | pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni | prameyā vyaktāvyaktajñāḥ | pramātā ātmā | tatra trayoviṃśatikaṃ vyaktam | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | jñaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ | tad amīṣāṃ madhye kiñcit pratyakṣeṇānyad anumānenetarad āptānumānābhyāṃ pramīyate | tasmād ācāryeṇa bhagavatā yuktam abhihitam --- "prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi" iti // SkMv_4 //

tatra trividhasya pramāṇasya pṛthak lakṣaṇam upanyasyate |

prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭaṃ trividham anumānam ākhyātam /
tal liṅgaliṅgipūrvakam āptaśrutir āptavacanaṃ tu // ISk_5 //

viṣayaṃ viṣayaṃ prati yo 'dhyavasāyo netrādīnām indriyāṇāṃ pañcānāṃ rūpādiṣu pañcasu, tat pratyakṣaṃ pratipattirūpaṃ dṛṣṭākhyam | anumānaṃ trividham | trisādhanaṃ tryavayavaṃ pañcāvayavam ity apare | tad ākhyātaṃ kathitam | pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntā iti tryavayavam | pakṣaḥ pratijñāpadam | yathā --- vahnimān ayaṃ pradeśaḥ | sādhyavastūpanyāsaḥ pakṣaḥ | itare pakṣābhāsāḥ pratyakṣaviruddhādayo nava | trirūpo hetuḥ | trairūpyaṃ punaḥ pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ vipakṣe cāsattvam iti | atrodāharaṇaṃ yathā --- dhūmavattvād iti | anye hetvābhāsāḥ caturdaśa | asiddhānaikāntikaviruddhādayaḥ | sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ dvividhaṃ nidarśanam | yathā mahānasam | itare nidarśanābhāsā daśa | evaṃ trayastriṃśadābhāsarahitaṃ tryavayavam anumānam | pañcāvayavam ity apare | tad āha --- avayavāḥ punaḥ pratijñāpadeśanidarśanānusandhānapratyāmnāyāḥ | evaṃ pañcāvayavena vākyena svaniścitārthapratipādanaṃ parārthapratipādanaṃ parārtham anumānam | tac ca trividham | pūrvavaccheṣavat sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ca | tatra viśiṣṭameghonnatidarśanāt bhavitrīṃ vṛṣṭiṃ sambhāvayati | pūrvam iyaṃ dṛṣṭeti pūrvavat | nadīpūradarśanād upari vṛṣṭo deva iti vā pratītiḥ | śeṣavad yathā --- samudrodakabinduṃ prāśya, śeṣasya lavaṇabhāvo 'numīyate iti śeṣavat |(p.9) sāmānyatodṛṣṭam --- puṣpitāmradarśanāt | anyatra puṣpitā āmrā iti | punar yathā --- bahir udyota iti kenāpy uktaṃ, tatrāpareṇāpy uktam | candra udito bhaviṣyatīty arthasaṅgatiḥ | tal liṅgaliṅgipūrvakam iti | liṅgena tridaṇḍādidarśanenādṛṣṭo 'pi liṅgī sādhyate nūnam asau parivrāḍ asti yasyedaṃ tridaṇḍam iti | āptaśrutir āptavacanaṃ tu | tṛtīyaṃ pramāṇam | āptā brahmādaya ācāryāḥ, śrutir vedas tad etad ubhayam āptavacanam | āptiḥ sākṣādarthaprāptir yathārthopalambhaḥ tayā vartata ity āptaḥ sākṣātkṛtadharmā yathārthāptyā śrutārthagrāhī tad uktam āptavacanam | tatrāpi prasiddhilakṣaṇāguṇayogāt tisraḥ śabdavṛttayaḥ | tatra lakṣaṇātraividhyam | jahallakṣaṇājahallakṣaṇā jahadajahallakṣaṇā cetyādi pramāṇaśāstreṣu bahutaraḥ prapañca āste | tatra prakrāntam eva tāvad abhidhīyate bhagavataḥ kapilasya matam |

āgamo hy āptavacanam āptaṃ doṣakṣayād viduḥ /
kṣīṇadoṣo 'nṛtaṃ vākyaṃ na brūyād dhetvasambhavāt //

svakarmaṇy abhiyukto yo rāgadveṣavivarjitaḥ /
pūjitas tadvidhair nityam āpto jñeyaḥ sa tādṛśaḥ //

tad evam etat trividhaṃ pramāṇam // SkMv_5 //

tad evaṃ vyaktāvyaktajñākhyasya pratyakṣāditrividhapramāṇeṣu kena kasya siddhiḥ syāt iti | atrocyate ---

sāmānyatas tu dṛṣṭād atīndriyāṇāṃ pratītir anumānāt /
tasmād api cāsiddhaṃ parokṣam āptāgamāt sādhyam // ISk_6 //

atra pradhānapuruṣāv atīndriyau tayoḥ sāmānyatodṛṣṭād anumānāt siddhiḥ | yasmān mahadādi liṅgaṃ triguṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā kāryaṃ tatkāraṇam adṛṣṭam apy asti triguṇaṃ ceti sādhyate pradhānam | na hy asataḥ sadutpattiḥ syād iti | na ca kāraṇāsadṛśaṃ kāryaṃ syād iti | vyaktaṃ tu pratyakṣeṇaiva sādhitam iti tadarthe na prayatnaḥ | yasmāj jaḍam api pradhānaṃ prasūtikriyāyāṃ pravartate tasmād asti lohasya calanakriyāśaktihetucumbakavad avaśyaṃ puruṣa iti jñasiddhiḥ // SkMv_6 //

nanu pratyakṣeṇa yo 'rtho nopalabhyate sa sarvathā nāstīti mataṃ saṅgacchate | yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyo bāhuḥ, śaśaviṣāṇādayo(p.10) vā | evaṃ pradhānapuruṣau nopalabhyete tasmāt tāv api na sta ity āśaṅkānirāsāyāha ---

atidūrāt sāmīpyād indriyaghātān mano'navasthānāt /
saukṣmyād vyavadhānād abhibhavāt samānābhihārāc ca // ISk_7 //

iha loke satām apy arthānām aṣṭadhā nopalabdhiḥ | tathā hi darśayati --- yathā satām api devadattaviṣṇumitrayajñadattānāṃ deśāntaragatānām atidūrān nopalabdhiḥ | tat kiṃ te na santi | yathā vā cakṣur atisāmīpyāt kajjalaṃ nopalabhate | tat kim idaṃ nāsti | yathā badhirāndhau śabdarūpe nopalabhete | tat kiṃ te na staḥ | anavasthitacittau rājānam api yāntaṃ na paśyati | tat kim asau na gataḥ | dhūmoṣmatruṭinīhāraparamāṇavo nopalabhyante | tat kim amīṣām abhāvaḥ | kuḍyena vyavahitaṃ nopalabhyate | tat kiṃ nāsti | sūryāditejasābhibhūtānāṃ grahanakṣatratārakādīnām anupalambhāt teṣāṃ kim abhāvaḥ śakyate parikalpayitum | mudgarāśikuvalayāmalakamauktikakapotādinikurambe kṣiptaṃ samānaṃ yadi nopalabhyate tad avedam iti | tat kiṃ nāsti | evam aṣṭadhā satām apy anupalambho 'bhihitaḥ | idānīm asatāṃ caturdhā bhavati | tatrocyate --- prākpradhvaṃsetaretarātyantābhāvabhedāt | tatra mṛtpiṇḍe ghaṭaḥ prāg utpatter nopalabhyata iti prāgabhāvaḥ | pradhvaṃsābhāvo yathā mudgarābhighātāt pradhvasto ghaṭo nopalabhyate | itaretarābhāvo yathā aśve gotvam, gavi aśvatvam | atyantābhāvo yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyo bāhuḥ, śaśaviṣāṇādayo vā | evam iyaṃ dvādaśadhā anupalabdhiḥ | satām aṣṭadhā hy asatāṃ caturdhā | evaṃ pradhānapuruṣāv api santau nopalabhyete // SkMv_7 //

tad amīṣāṃ madhye kena hetunemau nopalabhyete | tad ucyate ---

saukṣmyāt tadanupalabdhir nābhāvāt kāryatas tadupalabdhiḥ /
mahadādi tac ca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca // ISk_8 //

tasya pradhānasyānupalabdhir anavagamaḥ saukṣmyāt hetor nābhāvāt | sūkṣmaṃ pradhānaṃ śabdādyalakṣaṇatvāt paramāṇvādivat | na punar evaṃ, yan nāsti pradhānam ato nopalabhyate | kiṃ tu asti pradhānaṃ nopalabhyate saukṣmyāt paramāṇvādivat | tarhi katham upalabhyata iti | atrāha --- kāryatas tadupalabdhiḥ |(p.11) kāryaṃ dṛṣṭvā kāraṇam anumeyaṃ vaṭadhānyavat | yathā vaṭadhānyaṃ kāraṇaṃ vaṭaṃ kāryam ālokyānumīyate | evaṃ sad eva pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ mahadādeḥ sataḥ kāryād anumīyate | na hy asataḥ sadutpattir bhavatīti | mahadādi mahāna haṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañca mahābhūtāni ceti trayoviṃśatikam | etan mahadādi kāryaṃ triguṇaṃ dṛṣṭvānumīyate --- asti pradhānam api triguṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasyedaṃ triguṇaṃ kāryam iti | kiṃ cānyat | tac ca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca | pradhānād visadṛśaṃ sadṛśaṃ cety arthaḥ | santi te hetavo yair etat pradhānaṃ visadṛśaṃ sadṛśaṃ ca | yathā loke putraḥ pituḥ sadṛśo visadṛśaḥ syāt yadi rūpeṇa tadā na guṇaiḥ, yadā guṇais tadā na rūpeṇeti yāvat | tāṃś ca hetūn upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ // SkMv_8 //

tiṣṭhatu tāvad etat | anyat pṛcchāmaḥ --- kim etan mahadādi prāg utpatteḥ pradhāne sat jāyate, utāsat sambhavati | atrācāryāṇāṃ vipratipattir ataḥ saṃśayaḥ | atra vaiśeṣikā vipratipannā asataḥ sad bhavatīti manyante | mṛtpiṇḍe hi prāg utpatter ghaṭo nāstīti vyavasitāste | asti nāstīti varākā jīvakāḥ | naivāsti na ca nāsti | eṣa bauddhānāṃ pakṣaḥ | evam anyonyavirodhavādiṣu darśiṣu ko nāma niścayaḥ | tad ucyate | tatra tāvat sadasadvādino jīvakāḥ svavacanavirodhenaiva nirastāḥ | yadi sat tadāsan na bhavati | utāsat tadā sadbhāvo na | yataḥ sadasator ekatra virodhāt | atra dṛṣṭānto yathā devadatto mṛto jīvati cetivat | bauddhānāṃ tu nāsti na ca nāstīti pakṣaparigrahābhāvāt taiḥ saha sañjalpa eva na yujyate | vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ tu asataḥ sad bhavatīti matapratiṣedhāya ucyate ---

asadakaraṇād upādānagrahaṇāt sarvasambhavābhāvāt /
śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt kāraṇabhāvāc ca sat kāryam // ISk_9 //

iha loke sad eva sad bhavati | asataḥ karaṇaṃ nāsti | yadi syāt tadā sikatābhyas tailaṃ, kūrmaromabhyaḥ paṭaprāvaraṇam, vandhyāduhitṛbhrūvilāsaḥ, śaśaviṣāṇaṃ, khapuṣpaṃ ca syāt | na cāsti tasmād anumīyate pradhāne prāg utpatter mahadādikam asty eva | upādānagrahaṇāt | iha loke yo yenārthī sa tadupādānagrahaṇaṃ karoti | tannimittam upādatte | tad yathā dadhyarthī kṣīrasyopādānaṃ kurute | yadi cāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā dadhyarthī udakasyāpy upādānaṃ kuryāt, na ca kurute, tasmāt pradhāne mahadādi kāryam astīti | kiṃ ca sarvasambhavābhāvāt | iha loke yad yasmin vidyate tasmād eva tad utpadyate | yathā tilebhyas tailaṃ, dadhno ghṛtam | yadi sāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā sarvaṃ(p.12) sarvataḥ sambhavet tataś ca tṛṇapāṃsuvālukādibhyo rajatasuvarṇamaṇimuktāpravālādayo jāyeran | na ca jāyante | tasmāt paśyāmaḥ sarvasambhavābhāvād api mahadādi kāryaṃ pradhāne sad eva sad bhavatīti | ataś cāsti --- śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt | iha loke śaktaḥ śilpī karaṇādikāraṇopādānakālopāyasampannaḥ śakyād eva śakyaṃ karma ārabhate nāśakyam aśakyāt | tad yathā --- śaktaḥ kumbhakāraḥ śakyād eva mṛtpiṇḍāt śakyadaṇḍacakrasūtrodakavidalatalādibhiḥ sampanno ghaṭaśarāvodañcanādīny ārabhamāṇo dṛṣṭaḥ | na ca maṇikādi, aśakyatvāt tāvatā piṇḍena tasya | yadi punaḥ karaṇaniyamo na syād aśakyād apy aśakyam ārabhyeta | tasmāt sat kāryaṃ syān nāsat | kiṃ ca --- kāraṇabhāvāc ca | kāryaṃ sad eva syāt | iha loke yallakṣaṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ tallakṣaṇaṃ kāryaṃ syāt | yathā kodravebhyaḥ kodravāḥ, vrīhibhyo vrīhayaḥ syuḥ | yadi cāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā kodravebhyaḥ śālīnām api niṣpattiḥ syāt | na ca bhavati | tasmāt kāraṇabhāvād api paśyāmaḥ pradhāne mahadādi kāryam astīti | sādhitam evam etaiḥ pañcabhir hetubhiḥ sat kāryam | "sad eva somyedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyaṃ taddhaika āhur asad evedam agra āsīt" ity ārabhya "sattveva somyedam agra āsīt" [chāndogyopaniṣad 6 |2 |1-2] iti śruteḥ // SkMv_9 //

tatra yad uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca" iti | tatsādharmyavaidharmyapratipādanāya idam ārabhyate ---

hetumad anityam avyāpi sakriyam anekam āśritaṃ liṅgam /
sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītam avyaktam // ISk_10 //

hetumad iti | yasyotpattikāraṇam asti tad dhetumat | hetur apadeśo nimittaṃ prakṛtiḥ kāraṇam ity anarthāntaram | pradhānasyaite paryāyaśabdāḥ | tasmāt pradhānena hetunā sakāraṇam idaṃ mahadādibhūtaparyantaṃ trayoviṃśatikaṃ liṅgam | tathā hi --- mahad buddhitattvaṃ tatpradhānena hetumat | tenāhaṅkāro 'munaikādaśendriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca | taiś ca bhūtānīti sarvam evedaṃ parasparahetumat | atha ca dvividho hetuḥ kārako jñāpakaś ca | tatra pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātralakṣaṇaś caturvidhaḥ kārakaḥ | viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyanugrahabhedāt pañcadhā jñāpakaḥ | tad dvividhenāpi hetunā yuktaṃ hetumad idaṃ siddham | kiṃ ca --- anityaṃ pralayaṃ gacchati | yasmād utpattimat tasmād anityam | akāraṇavan nityam iti nityasya lakṣaṇam | tadviparītam idam ato 'nityam | tad yathā --- mṛtpiṇḍād utpanno ghaṭaḥ sa cānityo dṛṣṭaḥ | evaṃ mahadādi pradhānād utpannaṃ(p.13) tasmād anityaṃ tasminn eva ca līyate | tathā hi --- pradhāne buddhis tasyām ahaṅkāras tasminn indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca teṣu bhūtāni pralayakāle līyante | tasmād anityam | kiñ ca --- avyāpi asarvagatam | yathā pradhānapuruṣau sarvagatau na tathedam ity arthaḥ | idaṃ hi yasminn eva pradeśe 'vasthitaṃ tasminn eva vartate | kiṃ ca --- sakriyam | yasmāt saṃsaraṇakāle mahadādi kāryaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram āśritya saṃsarati tasmāt sakriyam | kiṃ ca --- anekam bahuvidhaṃ trayoviṃśatiprakārakam | itarac ca --- āśritam | yad yasmād utpadyate tat tadāśritam | buddhiḥ pradhānam āśritā, tāṃ cāhaṅkāraḥ, taṃ cendriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca, tāni mahābhūtāny āśritāni | evam āśritam | layaṃ gacchatīti liṅgam | sāvayavam iti | avayantīty avayavā yathā piṇḍasya hastapādādyāḥ | śabdasparśarasarūpagandhādyavayavasampannaṃ vyaktam | kiṃ ca --- paratantram parādhīnam | yathā pitari jīvati putro na svatantra evaṃ vyaktam | pradhānatantrā buddhiḥ, buddhitantro 'haṅkāraḥ, ahaṅkāratantrāṇi indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca, tanmātratantrāṇi mahābhūtānīti | evaṃ paratantram | vyaktam uktam | etadviparītalakṣaṇam avyaktam | ahetumat anutpannatvāt | nityam akāraṇavattvāt | vyāpi sarvagatatvāt | ābrahmastambaparyantaṃ puruṣavad vyāpya pradhānam avasthitam | niṣkriyaṃ sarvavāpakatvāt | ekaṃ sarvakāraṇatvāt | anāśritaṃ prabhaviṣṇutvāt | aliṅgam anutpattikatvāt | niravayavam amūrtatvāt | svatantraṃ sarvotpattikāraṇatvāt // SkMv_10 //

evam anayāryayā vyaktāvyaktayor vaidharmyam abhihitam | sādharmyam ucyate ---

triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetana prasavadharmi /
vyaktaṃ tathā pradhānaṃ tadviparītas tathā ca pumān // ISk_11 //

triguṇaṃ vyaktaṃ mahadādi | pradhānam api triguṇam | kāraṇānugatatvāt kāryasya | yathā kṛṣṇatantuḥ kāraṇaṃ paṭaḥ kāryam api kṛṣṇam eva bhavati | triguṇena kāryeṇāsya kāraṇam api triguṇaṃ bhavatīti pradhānaṃ sādhyate | kiṃ cānyat --- aviveki vyaktam | amī guṇā idaṃ vyaktam iti vivektuṃ na pāryate, tathā pradhānam api idaṃ pradhānaṃ amī guṇā iti na śakyate pṛthak kartum | kiṃ ca --- viṣayo vyaktaṃ mahadādi | sukhaduḥkhamohatayā bhogyaṃ tat puruṣasya | sa hi tasya bhoktā | tathā pradhānam api sarvapuruṣāṇāṃ kṣetrajñānāṃ bhogyam | sāmānyaṃ vyaktam | gaṇikāvat sarvapuruṣāṇām | tathā pradhānam(p.14) api | acetanaṃ vyaktam | sukhaduḥkhamohān na cetayati | tathā pradhānam api | prasavadharmi vyaktam | buddher ahaṅkāras tata indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca tebhyo bhūtāni jāyante | evaṃ pradhānam api buddhiṃ prasūyate | uktam idaṃ vyaktāvyaktayoḥ sādharmyam | idānīṃ "tadviparītas tathā ca pumān" ity uktaṃ, tat pratipādayati | tābhyāṃ vyaktāvyaktābhyāṃ viparītaḥ | tayor yat sādharmyaṃ "triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetanaṃ prasavadharmi" ity uktam | tato 'sau viparīto vidharmī | aguṇo vivekī, aviṣayo 'sāmānyaḥ, cetano 'prasavadharmī ceti | vaidharmyam abhidhāya sādharmyam āha --- tathā ca pumān iti |

"hetumad anityam avyāpi sakriyam anekam āśritaṃ liṅgam /
sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītam avyaktam" //

(sāṅkhyakārikā 10) ity uktam |

tad yathā vyaktād visadṛśaṃ pradhānaṃ tathā pradhānasadharmā puruṣaḥ | tathā hi ahetumān nityo vyāpī niṣkriya eko 'nāśrito 'liṅgo niravayavaḥ svatantra iti // SkMv_11 //

tatra triguṇa vyaktam avyaktaṃ ca nirguṇaḥ puruṣa ity uktam | kimātmakā guṇā ity atrocyate ---

prītyaprītiviṣādātmakāḥ prakāśapravṛttiniyamārthāḥ /
anyo 'nyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ // ISk_12 //

tatrāyaṃ samāsaḥ | prītiś cāprītiś ca viṣādaś ca te ātmā svarūpaṃ yeṣāṃ guṇānāṃ te bhavanti prītyaprītiviṣādātmakāḥ | teṣāṃ lakṣaṇam ucyate | tatra prītyātmakaṃ sattvam | ātmaśabdaḥ svabhāve vartate | kasmāt? sukhalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kvacit prītiṃ labhate tatra ārjavamārdavasatyaśaucahrībuddhikṣamānukampājñānādi ca tat sattvaṃ pratyetavyam | aprītyātmakaṃ rajaḥ | kasmāt? duḥkhalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kadācit kvacid aprītim upalabhate tatra dveṣadrohamatsaranindāstambhotkaṇṭhānikṛtivañcanābandhavadhacchedanāni ca tad rajaḥ pratyetavyam | viṣādātmakaṃ tamaḥ | kasmāt? mohalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kadācit kvacin moham upalabhate, tatrājñānamadālasyabhayadainyākarmaṇyatānāstikyaviṣādasvapnādi ca tat tamaḥ pratyetavyam |(p.15) kiṃ cānyat --- prakāśapravṛttiniyamārthāḥ | prakāśaś ca pravṛttiś ca niyamaś ca te arthā yeṣāṃ tathoktāḥ | tatra prakāśayitavyam iti sattvasya, pravartitavyam iti rajasaḥ, niyantavyaṃ saṃhartavyam iti tamasaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ | tatrāpi samāsaḥ | anyonyābhibhavāś ca anyonyāśrayāś ca anyonyajananāś ca anyonyamithunāś ca yeṣāṃ guṇānām anyonyavṛttayaś ca vidyante tathoktāḥ | caśabdaḥ samuccaye draṣṭavyaḥ | prītyādayaś ca tāvat prāgabhihitāḥ | anyonyābhibhavāś ceti rajastamasor abhibhavāt śāntā vṛttir utpadyate sattvasya dharmādyā | sattvatamasor abhibhavād rajaso ghorā vṛttir utpadyate adharmādyā | sattvarajasor abhibhavāt tamaso mūḍhā vṛttir utpadyate ajñānādyā | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyāśrayāś ca guṇāḥ | sattvaṃ hi pravṛttiniyamāv āśritya prakāśayati | rajaḥ prakāśaniyamāv āśritya pravartayati | tamaḥ prakāśapravṛttī āśritya niyamayati | tridaṇḍaviṣṭambhavad amī veditavyā iti | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyajananāś ca guṇāḥ | anyonyaṃ janayanti | kadācit sattvaṃ rajastamasī janayati | kadācit tamaḥ sattvarajasī janayati | yathā saparikarakumbhakārādhiṣṭhito mṛtpiṇḍo ghaṭaṃ janayati tadvaj janayanti | anyonyaṃ bodhayantīty etat pratigṛhyate | yathā devadattayajñadattau parasparaṃ bodhayata | evaṃ buddhisthā guṇāḥ sattvarajastamāṃsi parasparaṃ bodhayanti | evam anyonyajanakā guṇāḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyamithunāś ca guṇāḥ | aviyogakadharmatvāt | evaṃ hy āhuḥ ---

"rajaso mithuna sattvaṃ sattvasya mithunaṃ rajaḥ /
ubhayoḥ sattvarajasor mithunaṃ tama ucyate" //

(devībhāgavatapurāṇa 3 |50)

kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ | anyonyasya vṛttiṃ janayanti | yathā kācit strī nayavinayavilāsalīlāvatī bhartur ātmano bandhuvargasya ca prītiṃ janayati | saiva sapatnīṣu duḥkhamohau janayati | evaṃ sattvena strībhūtena rajasas tamasaś ca vṛttir janitā | evam anyeṣv api yojyam // SkMv_12 //

(p.16)

atrāha --- na khalu sattvarajastamāṃsi jātyantarāṇi | kutaḥ | svabhāveṣv avasthānāt | iha khalu rūpayauvanadākṣiṇyamatisādhutvasmṛtyugrabhāvābhāvalīlāvilāsasampannā strī sattvasya rūpam upadiśyate | sā ca bhartuḥ sukhāvahā bhavati, sapatnīnāṃ duḥkhāya rāgiṇāṃ mohāya ca | tathā kṣatriyā duḥkhapraharaṇakṛtāparādhāṃ dasyusenām abhinighnatī rajaso rūpam ity upadiśyate | tena ca dasyubhir upadrutānāṃ dāryamāṇānāṃ sukhāvahā bhavati | dasyūnāṃ duḥkhāya mohāya ca | tathā ghanāghano mahākṛṣṇo meghas toyādhmāto 'valambī grasamāna iva nabho bhūmiṃ cābhivardhamānaḥ sabalākaḥ savidyudgambhīrastanitas tamaso rūpam ity upadiśyate | sa ca karṣakāṇāṃ sajjīkṛtabījopakaraṇānāṃ sukho bhavati | sa evānācchāditaśaraṇānām anupārjitabhaktasnehalavaṇānām apraguṇitatṛṇakāṣṭhānāṃ proṣitavadhūnāṃ ca duḥkho mūḍhaś ca | tad evam avasthitasvabhāvatvād ekaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi | atrocyate jātyantarāṇy amūni trīṇi | lakṣaṇapṛthaktvavyavasthānāt | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---

sattvaṃ laghu prakāśakam iṣṭam upaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ /
guru varaṇakam eva tamaḥ pradīpavac cārthato vṛttiḥ // ISk_13 //

atra yat pūrvasyām āryāyām abhihitaṃ sattvalakṣaṇaṃ tal laghutvaprakāśakalakṣaṇaṃ ca | yadā sattvam utkaṭaṃ bhavati devadatte tadā laghūny aṅgāni, viśuddhānīndriyāṇi svaviṣayagrahaṇasamarthāni bhavanti | tadā mantavyam adya me sattvam utkaṭatvena vartate | iṣṭaṃ ca svarūpasādhanahetutvāt | upaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ | upaṣṭambhakaṃ prerakamunnāḍir ity arthaḥ | yathā mattavṛṣo vṛṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā uddhato bhavati tadvat | athavā garvaś calā kriyety arthaḥ | evaṃ yasmin devadatte yajñadatte vā raja utkaṭaṃ bhavati sa kalahaṃ mṛgayate | kiṃ cānyat calacittaś ca bhavati grāmaṃ gacchāmi striyaṃ kāmaye tapaḥ karomi ityādi | evaṃ nityam utsukamanā bhavati | etad rajolakṣaṇam | tama āha --- guru varaṇakam eva tamaḥ | yad gurutvam āvaraṇatvaṃ cāsti tat tamaḥ | yadā gurūṇy aṅgāni bhavanti | indriyāṇy alasāni svaviṣayagrahaṇāsamarthāni bhavanti | tadānīṃ mantavyam etat tama utkaṭatvena vartata iti | tasmāj jātyantarāṇy eva sattvarajastamāṃsi | yat punar abhyadhāyi --- strī kṣatriyā meghaś ceti | atra traye 'pi brūmaḥ | sattvaṃ rajastamasī āśritya svena rūpeṇāṅgāṅgibhāvaṃ gacchati | tasyāpakārād duḥkham utpadyate | evaṃ rajastamasī yojye | parasparaviruddhānāṃ guṇānāṃ katham ekā vṛttir bhavatīty atrāha --- parasparaviruddhāḥ(p.17) śatravo na hy ekam arthaṃ kurvanti | ime ca guṇāḥ parasparaviruddhā api puruṣārthaṃ kurvanti | kutaḥ | pradīpavac cārthato vṛttiḥ | pradīpena tulyaṃ pradīpavat | arthataḥ kāryavaśāt | parasparaviruddhānām apy amīṣāṃ vṛttir dṛṣṭā | yathā tailāgnivarttikāsaṃyogāt parasparaviruddhā api padārthāḥ saṃhatya ekam arthaṃ prakāśarūpaṃ niṣpādayanty evaṃ guṇā api parasparaviruddhāḥ saṃhatya puruṣārthaṃ kurvanti // SkMv_13 //

atrāha --- ayam antaraḥ praśno hi | yad uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetanaṃ prasavadharmi | vyaktam --- "tat katham evaṃ jñāyate 'vyaktam api triguṇatvādiyuktam | atrocyate ---

avivekyādiḥ siddhas traiguṇyāt tadviparyayābhāvāt /
kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasyāvyaktam api siddham // ISk_14 //

yo 'py ayam avivekyādir gaṇaḥ prasavadharmyantaḥ sa vyakte 'pi siddho 'vyakte 'pi siddhaḥ | kathaṃ gamyate | traiguṇyāt | yat triguṇaṃ tad aviviktam, yad aviviktaṃ tad viṣayaṃ, yad viṣayaṃ tat sāmānyaṃ, yat sāmānyaṃ tad acetanam, yad acetanaṃ tat prasavadharmi | tasmād avivekyādir guṇas traiguṇyād eva siddhaḥ | tadviparyayābhāvāt | iha hi yatra tantavas tatraiva paṭaḥ yatra paṭas tatraiva tantavaḥ, yas tantūn paśyati sa paṭaṃ paśyati, yo vā paṭaṃ paśyati sa tantūn paśyati | evam eva tantupaṭayor iva vyaktāvyaktayoḥ sambandhaḥ | dūre hi pradhānaṃ sannikṛṣṭe vyaktam | yo hi vyaktaṃ paśyati sa cāvyaktam api paśyati | yo vā yogī pradhānaṃ paśyati sa vyaktam api paśyati | tasmād viparyayābhāvād avivekyādigaṇena siddham avyaktam | itaś ca siddham | kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasyāvyaktam api siddham | kāraṇasya guṇāḥ kāraṇaguṇās te ātmā svabhāvo yasya tadbhāvaḥ kāraṇaguṇātmakatvam | ātmaśabdaḥ svabhāve vartate | kāraṇaguṇasvabhāvatvāt kāryasya | iha loke yadātmakaṃ karaṇaṃ tadātmakam eva kāryam api bhavati | kāraṇānugatatvāt kāryasya | yathā kaṭunimbavṛkṣāt kaṭur eva raso bhavati madhurāc ca madhuro drākṣādirasaḥ | tasmād avivekyādigaṇena siddham avyaktam | tatra yad uktaṃ bhavatā tat(p.18) katham evaṃ jñāyate avyaktam avivekyādigaṇena yuktam iti tad evam eva tribhir hetubhiḥ pratipāditam | atrāha --- iha loke yan na vidyate tan nāsti | yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyaḥ pāṇiḥ, śaśaviṣāṇaṃ, vandhyāputrikābhrūvilāsādayo vā | naiva tāvat pradhānapuruṣāv upalabhyete, tau kathaṃ hi sta iti gamyate | himavata upalagaṇaparimāṇaṃ nopalabhyate | kiṃ tan nāsti? evaṃ pradhānapuruṣāv anupalabhyamānāv apy upalabhyete hetubhiḥ | tāṃś ca hetūn upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ // SkMv_14 //

ta ucyante ---

bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt samanvayāc chaktitaḥ pravṛtteś ca /
kāraṇakāryavibhāgād avibhāgād vaiśvarūpyasya // ISk_15 //

asti pradhānam | kutaḥ? bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt | loke yatra kartāsti tasya parimāṇaṃ dṛṣṭam | yathā kulālaḥ parimitāt mṛtpiṇḍāt parimitam eva ghaṭaṃ kurute prasthagrāhakam āḍhakagrāhakaṃ vā | evaṃ vyaktaṃ parimitam | ekā buddhir eko 'haṅkāraḥ pañca tanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañca mahābhūtāni iti trayoviṃśatikam | evam etat parimitaṃ vyaktaṃ dṛṣṭvānumānena sādhayāmo 'sty asya kāraṇaṃ pradhānaṃ yad vyaktaṃ parimitam utpādayati | yadi ca pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ na syān niṣparimāṇam idaṃ vyaktaṃ syāt | asti cāsya parimāṇaṃ tasmād asti pradhānam | itaś cāsti samanvayadarśanāt | kasya samanvayāt? bhedānām eva | asmād eva kāraṇāc śakalakapālamātrasamastasamanvayaḥ | bhūṣaṇādīn dṛṣṭvā tattvena darśayati | sāmānyaprakaraṇāl lokabhedānām ekaikajātisamanvayo dṛṣṭaḥ | teṣāṃ dharmo 'nvayaḥ, tasmāt samanvayadarśanāt paśyāmo 'sti pradhānaṃ kāraṇam iti | itaś cāsti --- śaktitaḥ pravṛtteś ca | iha yo yasminn arthe śaktaḥ sa tasminn eva pravartate | tad yathā kumbhakāro ghaṭaghaṭikāśarāvodañcavādikaraṇe śaktaḥ | ataḥ sādhayāmaḥ pradhānasyāpy asti śaktir yayā śaktyā vyaktam utpādayati | sā ca śaktir nirāśrayā na bhavati | tasmād asti pradhānaṃ yatra śaktir avatiṣṭhate | itaś cāsti --- kāraṇakāryavibhāgāt | karotīti kāraṇam, kriyata iti kāryaṃ, tayor vibhāgas tasmāt | tad yathā mṛtpiṇḍaḥ kāraṇaṃ ghaṭaḥ kāryam | sa eva(p.19) hi madhūdakapayaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ dhāraṇe samartho na tu mṛtpiṇḍaḥ | evaṃ vyaktāvyaktayor vibhāgaḥ | anyad vyaktaṃ mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyamahābhūtaparyantaṃ, tac ca kāryam | anyac ca avyaktaṃ pradhānaṃ viparītaṃ kāraṇam iti | tasmād asti pradhānam | itaś cāsti --- avibhāgād vaiśvarūpyasya | na vibhāgo 'vibhāgaḥ | viśvarūpasya bhāvo vaiśvarūpyam | bahurūpam ity arthaḥ | tasya | trailokyaṃ pañcasu mahābhūteṣv avibhāgaṃ gacchati | pañcamahābhūtāni tanmātreṣv avibhāgaṃ gacchanti | pañcatanmātrāṇy ekādaśendriyāṇi cāhaṅkāre | ahaṅkāro buddhau | sā ca pradhāne | itthaṃ trayo lokāḥ pralayakāle pradhāne 'vibhaktāḥ | prakarṣeṇa dhīyate sthāpyate atrākhilam iti pradhānam | tato hi sṛṣṭau sad evāvirbhavati | na hy asata utpattir na ca sato 'bhāvaḥ |

"nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ" /

iti gītāsu(2 |16) | "sad eva somyedam agra āsīt"[chāndogyopaniṣad 6 |2 |1] iti śruteś ca | tad yathā --- dadhyādayaḥ prāk prasūteḥ kṣīre 'vibhaktāḥ santy eva | yady asata utpattis tadā kāṣṭhakhaṇḍād api ghaṭādyutpattiḥ syāt | yato na bhavati | tasmān mṛtpiṇḍe kāraṇe ghaṭādeḥ sata evotpattir iti samīcīnam | yathā jalabhūmyor etadrasagandhādivaiśvarūpyam avibhaktam asty eva sthāvarāṇāṃ jaṅgameṣu jaṅgamānāṃ sthāvareṣu | evaṃ jātyanucchedena sarvaṃ sarvātmakam iti // SkMv_15 //

asti pradhānaṃ yatra mahadādiliṅgam avibhāgaṃ gacchati | ity evam avaśyambhāvī avibhāgaḥ paścād vibhāgaś cāvirbhavati tat pradhānam | atrocyate ---

kāraṇam asty avyaktaṃ pravartate triguṇataḥ samudayāc ca /
pariṇāmataḥ salilavat pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt // ISk_16 //

kāraṇam asty avyaktam iti | tad evaṃ pañcabhir ebhir hetubhir jñāyate 'sti tatkāraṇam ekam asya jagato 'vyaktaṃ mūlam iti | atrāha yady ekaṃ pradhānaṃ kathaṃ tarhi anekaṃ kāryam utpādayati | tathā hi naikas tantuḥ paṭākhyaṃ kāryaṃ janayati | itthaṃ pradhānam ekam anekaṃ kāryaṃ janayatīti na jāghaṭīti | ataḥ samādhīyate --- pravartate triguṇataḥ | pradhāne hi sattvarajastamasām avasthānād bahutvasambhavaḥ | tasmāt triguṇataḥ pravartate tridhā vyavahāraḥ | samudayāc ca | yathā gaṅgāyāṃ srotāṃsi samuditāni gaṅgām ārabhante, yathā vā tantavaḥ samuditāḥ paṭaṃ kurvanti evaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ samuditāḥ pradhānasthā vyaktaṃ kurvanti | atrāha --- iha loke dvividhaṃ kāraṇaṃ pariṇāmakatvād(p.20) apariṇāmakatvāc ca | tatrāpariṇāmakatvān mṛtpiṇḍadaṇḍasūtrodakavidalān paśyāmaḥ | pariṇāmataś ca kṣīraṃ dadhīti | tatra pradhānaṃ kathaṃ kāraṇam ity atrocyate --- pariṇāmataḥ | yathā kṣīraṃ dadhibhāvena pariṇamati, yad eva kṣīraṃ tad eva dadhi, evaṃ pradhānaṃ vyaktabhāvena pariṇamati | dadhivad vyaktaṃ kṣīravat pradhānam ity arthaḥ | yad evāvyaktaṃ tad eva vyaktam iti | tasmād ucyate pariṇāmataḥ pradhānaṃ kāraṇam iti | atrāha ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? tad ucyate --- salilavat | yathā salilam ekaṃ himavad himabhāvena pariṇamati, yathā cekṣuraso rasikāṣaṇḍamatsarikāśarkarāphāṇitaguḍabhāvena pariṇamati | yathā vā kṣīraṃ drapsyadadhimastunavanītaghṛtāriṣṭakilāṭakūrcikādibhāvena pariṇamati | evam evāvyaktam ādhyātmikena buddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtabhāvena pariṇamati, ādhidaivikena śītoṣṇavātavarṣādibhāvena pariṇamati | atrāha --- ekasmāt pradhānād utpannās trayo lokāḥ kathaṃ viṣamāḥ? iha ye devās te sukhino manuṣyās te duḥkhinas tiryañco mūḍhāḥ | ekasmāt pradhānād utpannānāṃ trayāṇāṃ lokānāṃ kathaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ mūḍhatvādinety atrocyate --- pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt | tad yathā --- ekarasam antarikṣād jalaṃ patitam | tac ca medinīṃ prāpya nānārasatāṃ yāti | pṛthagbhājanaviśeṣāt | evam ime trayo lokā ekasmād api pradhānād utpannā guṇavaiṣamyāt pṛthagbhāvaṃ gatāḥ | yathā deveṣu sattvam utkaṭaṃ tatas te sukhinaḥ, tatrāpi rajastamasī gauṇatayā staḥ | manuṣyeṣu raja utkaṭaṃ tatas te duḥkhitāḥ, teṣv api sattvatamasī staḥ | tiryagyonigateṣu tama utkaṭaṃ tatas te mūḍhāḥ | teṣv api sattvarajasī staḥ | evam ekasmād utpannānāṃ trayāṇāṃ lokānāṃ vaiṣamyaṃ bhavati // SkMv_16 //

evaṃ dvābhyām āryābhyāṃ pradhānasyādhigamaḥ kṛtaḥ | ata ūrdhvaṃ puruṣasyādhigamaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ | atrāha --- kecid ācāryā iti manyante śarīrendriyabuddhyādivyatirikto nāsti paramātmā | api ca ---

etāvān eva puruṣo yāvad indriyagocaraḥ / iti |

atrocyate --- śarīrendriyabuddhyādivyatirikta ātmā astīti | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? yathā asikośavat | muñjeṣīkāvat | uktaṃ ca ---

maśakodumbareṣīkāmuñjamatsyāmbhasāṃ yathā /
ekatve 'pi pṛthagbhāvas tathā kṣetrātmanor nṛpa //

(p.21)

evaṃ śarīrendriyabuddhyādibhiḥ kṣīranīravad ekībhūto 'pi tadvyatirikto 'sti paramātmā puruṣo 'pi | pradhānavat sūkṣmatvān nopalabhyate iti tadadhigamāya hetur abhidhīyate ---

saṅghātaparārthatvāt triguṇādiviparyayād adhiṣṭhānāt /
puruṣo 'sti bhoktṛbhāvāt kaivalyārthapravṛtteś ca // ISk_17 //

asti puruṣaḥ | saṅghātaparārthatvāt | yataḥ saṅghātaś ca parārthaḥ | tasmād hetoḥ | iha loke ye saṅghātās te parārthā dṛṣṭāḥ paryaṅkarathaśaraṇādayaḥ | evaṃ gātrāṇāṃ mahadādīnāṃ saṅghātaḥ samudāyaḥ parārtha eva | (tasmād asti nūnam anyonyādhiṣṭhito yadartho 'yaṃ saṅghāta iti saṅgatiḥ |) paryaṅkarathādayaḥ kāṣṭhasaṅghātāḥ | gṛhādayaḥ kāṣṭheṣṭakādisaṅghātāḥ | na hi te rathagṛhaparyaṅkādayaḥ kim api svārthaṃ sādhayanti | na vā parasparārthāḥ | kiṃ tv asty asau devadattādir yo 'smin paryaṅke śete rathena gacchati gṛhe nivasatīti | (cetasaḥ pratītyā) | evam amī mahadādayaś cakṣurādayo na svārthā na ca parasparārthāḥ, kiṃ tu parārthāḥ | yaś cāsau paraḥ sa cātmā | tasmād anumīmahe asti puruṣaḥ, yasyārthe cakṣurādisaṅghātaḥ śarīram utpannam iti | itaś cāsti --- triguṇādiviparyayāt | trayo guṇā yasya gaṇasyādau sambhavanti sa triguṇādiḥ | triguṇāder viparyayaḥ | tasmāt paśyāmo 'sti puruṣa iti | uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ triguṇam avivekītyādi vyaktapradhānasādharmyam | "tadviparītas tathā ca pumān" iti | aguṇavivekyaviṣayāsāmānyacetanāprasavadharmādiviparyayād ātmano 'stitvaṃ pṛthaktvaṃ ca siddham | ataś cāsti | adhiṣṭhānāt | na hy antareṇādhiṣṭhātāraṃ bhavati vastujātam | tad yatheha loke laṅghanaplavanadhāvanasamarthair aśvair yukto rathaḥ sārathinādhiṣṭhitaḥ pravartate | atha sārathinānadhiṣṭhitaḥ pravartate tataḥ śarīranāśaḥ syāt | na cātmavināśāya pravartate | api coktaṃ ṣaṣṭitantre --- "puruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ pradhānaṃ pravartate" iti | tataḥ paśyāmo 'sau paramātmā asti puruṣo yenādhiṣṭhitaṃ pradhānaṃ mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtāny utpādayati | tasmād asti puruṣa iti | itaś cāsti --- bhoktṛbhāvāt | iha madhurāmlatiktalavaṇakaṭukaṣāyāḥ ṣaḍ rasāḥ | etaiḥ ṣaḍbhī rasair yuktaṃ bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhoktā sādhyate | asti bhoktā yasyedaṃ bhojanam | evam idaṃ vyaktāvyaktaṃ dṛṣṭvā sādhayāmo 'sty asau paramātmā puruṣo yasyedaṃ bhoktur vyaktāvyaktaṃ bhogyam iti | itaś cāsti --- kaivalyārthapravṛtteś ca | kevalabhāvaḥ kaivalyaṃ mokṣa ity arthaḥ | yā tasya pradhānasya pravṛttiḥ sā kaivalyārthā pravṛttiḥ pradhānasyeti // SkMv_17 //

(p.22)

atrāha --- gṛhṇīmas tāvad ebhiḥ pañcabhir adhītair hetubhiḥ śarīravyatirikto 'sau puruṣo 'stīti | sa kiṃ sarvaśarīreṣv ekaḥ puruṣa āhosvit pratiśarīraṃ bhinnaḥ puruṣa iti | kutaḥ saṃśaya iti cec codaka ācāryavipratipatteḥ saṃśayaḥ | iha kecid ācāryā bhedavādina iti manyante --- eko 'yaṃ puruṣaḥ sarvaśarīreṣūpalabhyate maṇisūtravat | iha rasanāyāṃ yāvanto maṇayas teṣu sarveṣv ekam eva sūtraṃ pravartate | evaṃ maṇibhūteṣu śarīreṣu kim ekaḥ sūtrabhūtaḥ paramātmā | āhosvij jalacandravat puruṣa iti eka eva bahuṣu nadīkūpataḍāgādiṣv ivopalabhyate iti | ataḥ saṃśayaḥ kim ekaḥ puruṣo guṇasūtranyāyena āhosvid bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | atrocyate --- bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ katham iti cet tad ucyate ---

janmamaraṇakaraṇānāṃ pratiniyamād ayugapatpravṛtteś ca /
puruṣabahutvaṃ siddhaṃ traiguṇyaviparyayāc caiva // ISk_18 //

janmamaraṇakaraṇānām iti | janmaniyamād iha kecin nīcajanmānaḥ, kecin madhyamajanmānaḥ, kecid utkṛṣṭajanmānaḥ | yadi punar ekaḥ puruṣaḥ syāt sa eva nīcakulotpannaḥ syāt sa eva utkṛṣṭakulotpannaḥ syāt | kasmāt? puruṣaikatvāt | asti cāyaṃ niyamaḥ, anye 'dhamā anya utkṛṣṭāḥ | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | ataś ca --- maraṇaniyamāt | maraṇe 'pi niyamo dṛṣṭo mama bhrātā mṛto mama pitā ca | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | apare punar itthaṅkāraṃ varṇayanti --- janmamaraṇaniyamāt | iha kaścit kadācin mriyate tadaiva paro jāyate | yady ekaḥ puruṣaḥ syāt tarhi ekasmin jāyamāne sarve 'pi jāyeran | na caivam | mriyamāṇe sarve mriyeran | na caivam | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | itaś ca paśyāmaḥ | karaṇaniyamāt | karaṇānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni | iha loke kecid badhirāndhamūkādayaḥ | itare ca paṭutarakaraṇāḥ | ataḥ paśyāmo ya upahatendriyās te anye, ye cānupahatendriyās te cānye | tasmāt pratiniyatakaraṇatvād api paśyāmo 'neke puruṣā iti | itaś ca paśyāmaḥ | traiguṇyaviparyayāc caiva | caḥ samuccaye | pūrvoktair hetubhiḥ | asmāc ca hetor ity arthaḥ | ihaikasya brāhmaṇasya trayaḥ putrāḥ sabrahmacāriṇa ekenaiva ekasyāṃ bhāryāyāṃ jātāḥ | tatraikaḥ sāttviko medhāvī śuciḥ sukhī |(p.23) dvitīyo rājaso durmedhāvī duḥkhī | tṛtīyas tāmaso mūḍho nāstikaḥ | yady eke ātmā syād ekasmin sāttvike rājase tāmase vā sarve tathā syuḥ | na tathā bhavanti | ataḥ paśyāmo 'neke puruṣāḥ // SkMv_18 //

atrāha --- ayaṃ saṃśayaḥ | kiṃ khalu kartā puruṣo 'sty āhosvid akarteti | kutaḥ saṃśaya iti cet, ācāryavipratipatteḥ | loke tāvat puruṣo gacchati dhāvati tiṣṭhati śocati, puruṣeṇedaṃ kṛtam iti vipratipattiḥ | evam ācāryā vedavādino bruvate | vaiśeṣikā api kartā iti mataṃ pratipannāḥ | ataḥ saṃśayaḥ | atrocyate --- akartā puruṣaḥ | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---

tasmāc ca viparyāsāt siddhaṃ sākṣitvam asya puruṣasya /
kaivalyaṃ mādhyasthyaṃ draṣṭṛtvam akartṛbhāvaś ca // ISk_19 //

tasmāc ca viparyāsād iti | kartṛkāraṇānāṃ ko viśeṣaḥ atrocyate | tad yathā kaścid yamaniyamarataḥ sāṅkhyayogācāryarato bhikṣur nagare prativasati | sa ca janādiṣu prativarṇāśramavihitāsu kriyāsu pravartamānānāṃ tannagaravāsināṃ sākṣimātro bhavati | ṛtuvaśāt śītoṣṇādīn āyātān anubhavati | tadvad ayaṃ nānāvasthe guṇavimarde vartamāno vaidharmyāt kṣetrajñaḥ sākṣimātraḥ syāt | evaṃ sākṣitvaṃ siddham asya puruṣasya | kevalabhāvaḥ kaivalyaṃ nāma tribhyo guṇebhyo 'nyatvam | yathāsau bhikṣuḥ kadācin nāgarāṇāṃ vivadatāṃ vaktā bhavati tvayā sādhukṛtam iti tvayāsādhv iti | kim evaṃ puruṣo bhavati | atrocyate --- mādhyasthyam | nāsya kenacit kṛtyam asti | udāsīno hy ayam | atrāha --- yady akartā tat kiṃ parakṛtānāṃ prayoktā | atrocyate --- kartṛbhāvaś ca dvividho hi, prayoktā kartā ca | atrodāsīnasya puruṣasya kartṛtvaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ guṇalakṣaṇena // SkMv_19 //

atrāha --- yady akartā puruṣaḥ adhyavasāyaṃ tarhi kiṃ karoti dharmaṃ kariṣyāmy adharmaṃ ceti | yadi guṇā adhyavasāyaṃ kurvanti tarhi teṣāṃ sacetanatvaṃ(p.24) syāt | amīṣāṃ cācetanatvam eva prāg upanyastam | atha puruṣo 'dhyavasāyaṃ kurute tadā tasya kartṛtvaprasaṅgaḥ | tasmād ubhayathāpi doṣa iti | atra samādhīyate nāyaṃ doṣaḥ | katham iti cet, tad ucyate ---

tasmāt tatsaṃyogād acetanaṃ cetanāvad iva liṅgam /
guṇakartṛtve 'pi tathā karteva bhavaty udāsīnaḥ // ISk_20 //

yasmāc cetanasvabhāvaḥ puruṣaḥ, tasmāt tatsaṃyogād acetanaṃ mahadādi liṅgam adhyavasāyābhimānasaṅkalpālocanādiṣu vṛttiṣu cetanāvat pravartate | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ --- tad yathā anuṣṇāśīto ghaṭaḥ śītābhir adbhiḥ saṃspṛṣṭaḥ śīto bhavati | agninā saṃyukta uṣṇo bhavati | evaṃ mahadādi liṅgam acetanam api bhūtvā cetanāvad bhavati | tasmād adhyavasāyaṃ kurvanti guṇāḥ kāryādiṣu | yad apy uktam --- lokopacārāt kartā puruṣa iti | atra brūmaḥ --- guṇakartṛtve 'pi tathā karteva bhavaty udāsīnaḥ | atra dṛṣṭāntaś ca | kecit kila caurā grāmaṃ hṛtvā dravyaṃ gṛhītvā grāmāntaraṃ gacchanti kṛtakāryāḥ | taiḥ saha sārthena śrotriyo brāhmaṇaḥ panthānaṃ gacchati | tatpadānusāribhir ārakṣibhis te gṛhītāḥ | kṛtāparādhais taiḥ saha so 'pi brāhmaṇo gṛhītas tvam api caura iti | tad yathāsāv acauras tatsaṃsargadoṣeṇa cauratayā pratītas taiḥ | tathā sattvādayo guṇāḥ kartāras taiḥ saṃyuktaḥ puruṣo 'pi akartāpi kartā bhavati | kartṛsaṃsargāt karteva | paraṃ paramārthatayā akartā puruṣaḥ // SkMv_20 //

atrāha --- tasmāt tatsaṃyogāt iti pradhānapuruṣasaṃyoga iti cet, saṃyogaḥ kaḥ | anekavidho hi saṃyogaḥ | anyatarakarmajo yathā sthāṇuśyenayoḥ, sampātajo dvayor vā saṃyogo yathā dvyaṅgulākāśayoḥ, svābhāviko yathāgnyuṣṇayoḥ, śaktihetuko yathā matsyodakayoḥ, yādṛcchikaḥ suparnayor vākasmikaḥ | ataḥ saṃśayaḥ | atrocyate --- anyatarakarmajasaṃyogaś ca saṃyogo naiva pradhānapuruṣayor vibhutvāniṣkriyatvāt | nāsti svābhāviko 'pi | tayor nityatvān mokṣābhāvaḥ syād aviyogatvāt | evam eva viṣayahetuke śaktihetukatve ca | atrāha --- kas tarhi pradhānapuruṣayoḥ saṃyoga iti | atrocyate | arthahetukaḥ | kaś cāsāv artha ity atrāha ---(p.25)

puruṣasya darśanārthaṃ kaivalyārthaṃ tathā pradhānasya /
paṅgvandhavad ubhayor api saṃyogas tatkṛtaḥ sargaḥ // ISk_21 //

puruṣasya tāvad darśanārthaṃ saṃyogaḥ | puruṣaḥ pradhānena saha saṃyujyate suguṇāṃ prakṛtiṃ drakṣyāmy ayam arthaḥ | kaivalyārthaṃ tathā pradhānasya saṃyogaḥ | asya tapasvinaḥ puruṣasya jñāne vartamānasya kaivalyaṃ kariṣyāmīti | kaivalyaṃ mokṣa ity arthaḥ | yathā rājā puruṣeṇa saṃyujyate praiṣaṇaṃ me kariṣyatīti | puruṣo 'pi rājñā saṃyujyate vṛttiṃ me dāsyatīti | evaṃ tāvad rājapuruṣayor arthahetukaḥ sambandhaḥ | tathā pradhānapuruṣayor apy arthahetukaḥ sambandhaḥ saṃyogaḥ | kiṃ cānyat | paṅgvandhavad ubhayor api saṃyoga iti | api cātra dṛṣṭāntaḥ | yathā kila kaścid andhaḥ sārthena samaṃ pāṭaliputraṃ prasthitaḥ sa ca sārthaś caurair abhihataḥ | andho 'pi avaśeṣajīvitaḥ kṛcchreṇa mahatā nirjagāma | sa ca sarvasvajanavirahita itaś cetaś ca paribhrāmyan panthānam apaśyan samantāc caṅkramamāṇaḥ kenacid vanamadhyasthena paṅgunā dṛṣṭaḥ proktaś ca | bho bho andha mā bhaiṣīr ahaṃ paṅgur mārgadarśane kuśalī gantum asamarthaḥ | andhena prativacanaṃ proktam --- bhoḥ paṅgo yathā bhavān gamanāśaktas tathāham api na śaknomi draṣṭuṃ, gantuṃ mama sāmarthyam asti | tava darśanasāmarthyenāhaṃ bhavantaṃ skandhenādāya gacchāmy evam ubhayor duḥkhaparihāralakṣaṇā kāryasiddhir astu | evaṃ tayor yathā svārthalabdhihetukaḥ sambandhaḥ saṃyogas tulyaḥ | tadvat | paṅgvandhavat pradhānapuruṣau draṣṭavyau | paṅguvat puruṣo draṣṭavyaḥ | andhavat pradhānam | puruṣasya dṛkśaktiḥ | pradhānasya kriyāsāmarthyam | evaṃ pradhānam api puruṣasya mokṣaṃ kṛtvā nivartate | puruṣaḥ pradhānaṃ dṛṣṭvā mokṣaṃ gacchati | kiṃ cānyat --- tatkṛtaḥ sargaḥ | tacchabdena pradhānapuruṣau sambadhyete | tābhyāṃ pradhānapuruṣābhyāṃ kṛtas tatkṛtaḥ sargaḥ | tad yathā --- strīpuruṣasaṃyogāt putraḥ sambhavati | evaṃ pradhānapuruṣasaṃyogāt sargotpattir bhavati | sargaśabdena mahadādiliṅgotpattir iti bruvate // SkMv_21 //

tām utpattiṃ brūmaḥ ---

prakṛter mahāṃs tato 'haṅkāras tasmād gaṇaś ca ṣoḍaśakaḥ /
tasmād api ṣoḍaśakāt pañcabhyaḥ pañca bhūtāni // ISk_22 //

(p.26)

prakṛtiḥ pradhānam adhikurute | brahma avyaktaṃ bahudhātmakaṃ māyeti paryāyāḥ | tasyāḥ prakṛter mahān utpadyate prathamaḥ kaścit | mahān, buddhiḥ, matiḥ, prajñā, saṃvittiḥ, khyātiḥ, citiḥ, smṛtir āsurī hariḥ, haraḥ, hiraṇyagarbha iti paryāyāḥ | tato 'haṅkāraḥ | tasmān mahato 'haṅkāra utpadyate | tasya ime paryāyāḥ --- vaikṛtas taijaso bhūtādir abhimāno 'smitā iti | catuḥṣaṣṭivarṇaiḥ parādivaikharīparyantābhidheyair yat kim apy abhidhīyate buddhyā samarthya tatsakalamādyantākārahakāravarṇadvayagrahaṇenoparisthitapiṇḍīkṛtānukāriṇā bindunā bhūṣitaḥ pratyāhāranyāyenāhaṅkāra ity abhidhīyate | tasmāt ahaṅkārāt ṣoḍaśako gaṇa utpadyate | tāmasād bhūtādināmnaḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi śabdādīni | ata eva tāni mūḍhāni | sāttvikād vaikṛtābhidhānād buddhikarmātmakāni manaḥsahitāni ekādaśendriyāṇi | ata eva tāni kiñcij jānanti | rājasāt taijasābhidhānād ubhayam | mūḍhatvād dhi tamaḥ | prakāśatvāt sattvam | ubhayaguṇayogāt ṣoḍaśako gaṇo 'haṅkārād utpadyate | tasmād api ṣoḍaśakāt madhye yāni pañca śabdāditanmātrāṇi tebhyaḥ pañca bhūtāny ākāśādīni | tatra śabdatanmātrād ākāśam, sparśatanmātrād vāyuḥ, rūpatanmātrāt tejaḥ, rasatanmātrād āpaḥ, gandhatanmātrāt pṛthivī ityādikrameṇa pūrvapūrvānupraveśenaikadvitricatuṣpañcaguṇāny ākāśādipṛthvīparyantāni mahābhūtānīti sṛṣṭikramaḥ | ata eva bhūtānām utpattilayāvabodhanāt bha iti | āgatigatiparijñānāt ga iti | vidan yogī iti va(va iti?) | anati calatīti an | sakalavarṇasampradāyād bhagavān ity abhimānasiddhiḥ | "apy akṣaravarṇasāmānyān(p.27) nirbrūyān na saṃskāram ādriyeta"(nirukti 2 |4) iti nairuktaśrutiprāmāṇyāt | uktaṃ ca ---

"utpattiṃ pralayaṃ caiva bhūtānām āgatiṃ gatim /
vetti vidyām avidyāṃ ca sa vācyo bhagavān iti" //

śrīviṣṇupurāṇe ṣaṣṭhe 'ṃśe(5 |78) parāśaravacaḥ | yad uktam --- vyaktāvyaktajña vijñānān mokṣaḥ prāpyata iti | tatra mahadādibhūtaparyantam ity etad vyaktaṃ vyākhyātam | avyaktam api "bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt"(sāṅkhyakārikā 15) ityādibhiḥ pañcabhir hetubhir vyākhyātam | yad uktam ---

"pañcaviṃśatitattvajño yatra tatrāśrame rataḥ /
jaṭī muṇḍī śikhī vāpi mucyate nātra saṃśayaḥ" // SkMv_22 //

atrāha --- prakṛter mahān ity uktam | tasya mahataḥ kiṃ lakṣaṇam ity atrocyate ---

adhyavasāyo buddhir dharmo jñānaṃ virāga aiśvaryam /
sāttvikam etad rūpaṃ tāmasam asmād viparyastam // ISk_23 //

adhyavasāyo buddhir iti | adhyavasāyo niścayaḥ pratipattiḥ ayaṃ sthāṇur ayaṃ puruṣa iti buddher lakṣaṇam | sā ca buddhir aṣṭāṅgā | sāttvikatāmasarūpabhedāt | tatra buddheḥ sāttvikaṃ rūpaṃ caturvidhaṃ bhavati dharmo jñānaṃ vairāgyam aiśvaryam iti | tatra dharmo nāma varṇinām āśramiṇāṃ ca samayāvirodhena yaḥ prokto yamaniyamalakṣaṇaḥ sa dharmaḥ | tatra pañca yamāḥ pañca niyamāḥ | "ahiṃsāsatyāsteyabrahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ"(pātañjalayogasūtra 2 |30) | "śaucasantoṣatapaḥsvādhyāyeśvarapraṇidhānāni niyamāḥ"(pātañjalayogasūtra 2 |32) | ebhir yamaniyamair yaḥ sādhyate sa dharmaḥ |

dhāraṇārtho dhṛñ ity eṣa dhātuḥ śābdaiḥ prakīrtitaḥ /
durgatiprapatatprāṇidhāraṇād dharma ucyate //

tatra yā sthāvarajaṅgamānāṃ bhūtānāṃ vāṅmanaḥkāyakarmabhir adrohatā sā ahiṃsā | tathā yad bhūtahitam atyantaṃ dṛṣṭaśrutānumitivijñāteṣv artheṣu yathāntaḥkaraṇapratyayopasthitaṃ tathaiva indriyāṇi avilupya vañcanābhrāntipratipattibandhyatāvirahitavāguccāraṇaṃ(p.28) tat satyam | tathā yat sambhrameṣv anyeṣu vātyantikeṣu prayojaneṣu sve sve sthāne samatvād grahaṇasyoparamas tad asteyam | tathā strīpuruṣasaṃyoge parasparaliṅgasaṃyoge śabdasparśarasarūpagandheṣu yaḥ saṅgavyudāsaḥ śrotādyuparatiḥ asaṅkalpaś ca manasa uparatiḥ so 'ṣṭāṅgaṃ brahmacaryam | evaṃ hy āhuḥ saṃyogaśabdasparśarasarūpagandhasaṅkalpasmṛtidharmaphalatyāgādyaṣṭāṅgaṃ brahmacaryam iti | anyac ca | brahmabījaṃ retas tac carati na muñcatīti brahmacārī | brahma vedaṃ vā guruṇā pradattaṃ caratīti | brahmā svayambhūs tasyāyaṃ daṇḍakamaṇḍaludhāraṇādirūpa ākāro brahmavac caratīti vā | evam arjanakrayavikrayādikalpanābhedānām anupādānaṃ sarvathā sarvasyāsvīkaraṇam aparigrahaḥ | iti pañca yamāḥ | yaś cendriyāṇām antaḥkaraṇoparamas tac chaucaṃ bāhyaṃ mṛjjalādinā |

"abhakṣyaparihāras tu saṃsargaś cāpy acintitaiḥ /
svadharme ca vyavasthānaṃ śaucam etat prakīrtitam" //

tathā yad bhaikṣārjitena haviṣā prāṇayātrā | ādhyātmikasyāgner mantragṛhītena homaḥ kartavyaḥ | ahany ahani yajñaśeṣāśanārtham etad āhāralāghavaṃ santoṣaḥ | "sa yāṃ prathamām āhutiṃ juhuyāt prāṇāya svāhā"(chāndogyopaniṣad 5 |19 |1) ity ārabhya "sa ya idam avidvān agnihotraṃ juhoti yathāṅgārān apohya bhasmani hutaṃ(juhuyāt?) tādṛk tat syāt" (chāndogyopaniṣad 5 |24 |1) iti śruteḥ | tapaḥ kṛcchracāndrāyaṇādi śarīraśoṣaṇarūpam |

"viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ |" (bhagavadgītā 2 |59)

iti smaraṇāt | nātapasvino yogaḥ siddhyati | anādivāsanāvicitrā pratyupasthitaviṣayajālā cāśuddhir nāntareṇa tapaḥ sambhedam āpadyata iti tapasa upādānam | tac ca cittaprasādanam abādhamānam āsevyam iti manyante | svādhyāyaḥ praṇavādipavitrāṇāṃ japaḥ | īśvarapraṇidhānaṃ kriyāṇāṃ paramagurāv arpaṇaṃ tatphalasaṃnyāso vā | "brahmārpaṇaṃ brahmahaviḥ(bhagavadgītā 4 |24)" iti, "anāśritaḥ karmaphalam(bhagavadgītā 6 |1)" iti śravaṇāt | ity amīṣāṃ yamaniyamādīnāṃ sevanāt "ahiṃsāpratiṣṭhāyāṃ tatsannidhau vairatyāgaḥ"(pātañjalayogasūtra 2 |35) ityādyāḥ siddhayaḥ | vaiparītye tu "vitarkabādhane pratipakṣabhāvanam"(pātañjalayogasūtra 2 |33), "vitarkā hiṃsādayaḥ kṛtakāritānumoditā lobhakrodhamohapūrvakā duḥkhājñānānantaphalā iti pratipakṣabhāvanam"(pātañjalayogasūtra 2 |34)(p.29) evaṃ ca vartamānasya yoginaḥ "sthānyupanimantraṇe saṅgasmayākaraṇaṃ punar aniṣṭaprasaṅgāt"(pātañjalayogasūtra 3 |51) iti bhikṣor ete yamaniyamāḥ | ebhir yamaniyamair vā sādhyate sa dharmo vyākhyātaḥ | adhunā jñānam āha --- jñānaṃ dvividham | bāhyam ābhyantaraṃ ca | tatra bāhyam --- vīṇāpaṇavagandharvacitrakathāgaṇitavyākaraṇaśāstrāṇi | ābhyantaram --- guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhilakṣaṇam | anye guṇāḥ sattvarajastamāṃsi anyaḥ puruṣa iti | bāhyena jñānena lokopapattir ābhyantareṇa mokṣa iti | etat jñānaṃ viṣayoparamāt | vairāgyam āha --- arjanarakṣaṇakṣayātṛptihiṃsādidoṣān dṛṣṭvā yo viṣayebhyo viraktas tasya mokṣo nāstīti | ābhyantareṇa jñānapūrvakeṇa vairāgyeṇa mokṣo bhavati bāhyena saṃsāra iti | aiśvaryaṃ īśvarabhāvenety aṣṭavidham | aṇimā laghimā garimā mahimā prāptiḥ prākāmyam īśitvaṃ vaśitvaṃ yatrakāmāvasāyitvam iti | etāni dharmādīni catvāri sāttvikarūpāṇi buddheḥ | yadā sattvena rajastamasī abhibhūte stas tadā sattvodriktaḥ pumān etān guṇān āpnoti | kiṃ cānyat | tāmasam asmāt viparyastam | asmāt sāttvikād dharmāder viparyastaṃ viparītam adharmājñānādyaṃ caturdhā buddhe rūpaṃ tāmasam | ye hiṃsādayo vitarkā ekāśītibhedāḥ | pṛthag daśāpi yamaniyamādyāḥ | tathā adharmo 'jñānam avairāgyam anaiśvaryam ity aṣṭadhā sāttvikatāmasabhedā buddhiḥ | asyā evam vidhāyā buddher ahaṅkāro jāyate // SkMv_23 //

idānīm ahaṅkārasya lakṣaṇaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | tad ucyate ---

abhimāno 'haṅkāras tasmād dvividhaḥ pravartate sargaḥ /
aindriya ekādaśakas tanmātrapañcakaś caiva // ISk_24 //

(p.30)

abhimāno 'haṅkāra iti | rūpe aham rase aham gandhe aham, ahaṃ vidvān, ahaṃ darśanīya ityevamādy abhimāno 'haṅkāraḥ | tasmāt abhimānalakṣaṇād ahaṅkārād dvividhaḥ pravartate sargaḥ | sarga iti sṛṣṭeḥ paryāyaḥ | kaś cāsau sargaḥ? tad ucyate | aindriya ekādaśakaḥ | śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi manaḥparyantāni | tanmātrapañcakaś caiva | tanmātrāṇy atra śabdādīni gandhaparyantāni | evam ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcatanmātrāṇi cotpannāni // SkMv_24 //

atrāha --- trividho 'haṅkāras taṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | tatra katarasmād ahaṅkārād indriyāṇy utpadyante, katarasmād vā tanmātrāṇīti | atrocyate ---

sāttvika ekādaśakaḥ pravartate vaikṛtād ahaṅkārāt /
bhūtādes tanmātraḥ sa tāmasas taijasād ubhayam // ISk_25 //

sāttvika iti | yadā sattvam utkaṭaṃ bhavati ahaṅkāre tena ca sattvena rajastamasī abhibhūte syātāṃ tadā sāttviko 'haṅkāra ucyate | tasya sāttvikasya vaikṛtika iti pūrvācāryaiḥ saṃjñā kṛtā | sa vaikṛtiko bhūtvā ahaṅkāra ekādaśendriyāṇi utpādayati | tasmāt sāttvikānīmāni viśuddhāni svaviṣayagrahaṇasamarthāni bhavanti | tasmād ucyate --- "sāttvika ekādaśakaḥ pravartate vaikṛtād ahaṅkārāt" iti | bhūtādes tanmātrāḥ | bhūtādes tamobāhulyād gauṇībhūtasattvarajaso bhūtādināmnaḥ pūrvācāryair nirūpitād ahaṅkārāt tanmātraḥ śabdādipañcako gaṇo jāyate | abhibhūtasattvatamaso rājasāt taijasābhidhānād ahaṅkārāt pravṛttikarmaṇa ubhayaṃ prakāśātmakam ekādaśendriyakaṃ mohātmakaṃ tanmātrikaṃ cāsīd iti sambandhaḥ | taijasa eva rājase 'haṅkāre kriyāśaktir asti | sattvaṃ niṣkriyam ekāki na śaknoty utpādayitum | tamaś ca mūḍhatvād akriyam asamarthaṃ vinā rajaḥ sṛṣṭim utpādayitum | ata ubhe sattvatamasī sṛṣṭiviṣaye rajasānugṛhīte aindriyakaṃ tānmātrikaṃ ca gaṇadvayaṃ janayata iti tātparyārthaḥ // SkMv_25 //

tatra kāni buddhīndriyāṇi kāni karmendriyāṇīti? ucyate ---

buddhīndriyāṇi śrotratvakcakṣūrasananāsikākhyāni /

(p.31) vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthān karmendriyāṇy āhuḥ // ISk_26 //

śrotrādīni buddhīndriyāṇīti ucyante | śabdasparśarūparasagandhān buddhyanta iti buddhīndriyāṇi | indriyāṇy eva tānīndriyāṇi | in iti viṣayāṇāṃ nāma, tāninaḥ viṣayān prati dravantīti indriyāṇi | vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthān karmendriyāṇy āhuḥ | karma kurvanti kārayanti ca | karmendriyāṇāṃ vṛttiḥ | vāk vadatikarma, hastau grahaṇakarmāṇau, pādau viṣamasamanimnonnatabhūpradeśeṣu krāmataḥ, pāyur yathābhuktānnodakamalam utsṛjati, upastha ānandaṃ karoti putram utpādayatīty arthaḥ | evam etāḥ karmendriyāṇāṃ vṛttayo vyākhyātāḥ // SkMv_26 //

atrāha --- mana indriyaṃ tat kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti | atrocyate ---

ubhayātmakam atra manaḥ saṅkalpakam indriyaṃ ca sādharmyāt /
guṇapariṇāmaviśeṣān nānātvaṃ grāhyabhedāc ca // ISk_27 //

ubhayātmakam atra manaḥ | karmendriyeṣu karmendriyam, buddhīndriyeṣu buddhīndriyam | yathā devadatto gopālamadhye sthito gopālatvaṃ kurute mallamadhye sthito mallatvaṃ kurute | kasmāt? yasmād buddhīndriyāṇāṃ vṛttiṃ saṅkalpayati karmendriyāṇāṃ ca | tasmād ubhayātmakaṃ manaḥ | kiṃ cānyat | indriyaṃ ca sādharmyāt | sahadharmasya bhāvaḥ sādharmyam | yasmāt karmendriyāṇi buddhīndriyāṇi ca sāttvikād ahaṅkārād utpadyante, mano 'pi tasmād eva utpadyate | tasmād indriyaṃ manaḥ | tatra manasaḥ kā vṛttiḥ? saṅkalpo vṛttiḥ | buddhīndriyāṇāṃ śabdādayo vṛttayaḥ, karmendriyāṇāṃ vacanādayaḥ | evam ekādaśendriyāṇi saha vṛttibhir vyākhyātāni | atrāha --- ekādaśendriyāṇi kena kṛtāni puruṣeṇa īśvareṇa āhosvit svabhāveneti kuta iyam āśaṅketi cet, imāny ekādaśendriyāṇi ekādaśaviṣayagrāhakāṇi bhavanti | tatrāntaḥkaraṇapradhānabuddhyahaṅkārādyacetanam | tataś ca nūnaṃ cetanena puruṣeṇeśvareṇa vā svabhāveneti | atrocyate --- guṇapariṇāmaviśeṣān nānātvaṃ grāhyabhedāc ca | sattvādayas trayo guṇās te yathā pariṇamanti tasmād guṇapariṇāmaviśeṣād imāny ekādaśendriyāṇi nānā | tadarthāni bhinnāni | śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḥ pañcānāṃ, vacanādānaviharaṇotsargānandāḥ pañcānāṃ, saṅkalpaś ca manasaḥ | eteṣām eva ekādaśānām indriyāṇi grāhakāṇī bhaviṣyanti |(p.32) athaitan nānātvaṃ neśvareṇa na buddhyā nāhaṅkāreṇa na pradhānena na puruṣeṇa na svabhāvena kṛtam, guṇapariṇāmeneti | yady api uktam acetanānāṃ guṇānāṃ vṛttir ayukteti | tan na | kasmād iti cet, tad ucyate | acetanānām api pravṛttir dṛṣṭā | vakṣyati hi ---

"vatsavivṛddhinimittaṃ kṣīrasya yathā pravṛttir ajñasya /
puruṣasya vimokṣārthaṃ tathā pravṛttiḥ pradhānasya" //

(sāṅkhyakārikā 57) iti |

tasmād acetanā api guṇā ekādaśendriyabhāvena pariṇamanti | atrāha --- gṛhṇīmas tāvad ekādaśendriyāṇy ahaṅkārād utpannānīti | eteṣām indriyāṇāṃ yathāsthānanikṣepaḥ kena kṛtaḥ | cakṣur uccaiḥ sanniviṣṭaṃ dūrālokane samarthaṃ bhaviṣyatīti | śiraḥpradeśe śrotraṃ sanniviṣṭaṃ dūrāc śravaṇasamarthaṃ bhaviṣyatīti | tvak śarīrābhyantare bahiś ca sanniviṣṭā nānāsparśagrahaṇasamarthā bhaviṣyatīti | jihvā antarmukhaṃ sanniviṣṭā nānārasagrahaṇasamarthā bhaviṣyatīti | evaṃ nāsikā vāk | evam indriyāṇāṃ nikṣepaḥ puruṣeṇa vā kṛta īśvareṇa vā svabhāvena veti | atrocyate --- iha sāṅkhye puruṣeśvarasvabhāvā na kāraṇam | kiṃ tarhi --- asminn ahaṅkāre sthitaiḥ sattvarajastamobhis tribhir guṇair nikṣepaḥ kṛtaḥ | tasmād brūmaḥ --- "guṇapariṇāmaviśeṣān nānātvaṃ grāhyabhedāc ca" | guṇapariṇāmaviśeṣād ekādaśendriyāṇāṃ bhedaḥ | grāhyabhedāc ca | grāhyā ekādaśendriyārthās teṣāṃ bhedād apīndriyāṇāṃ bhedaḥ // SkMv_27 //

atrāha --- kā kasya vṛttiḥ? ucyate ---

rūpādiṣu pañcānām ālocanamatram iṣyate vṛttiḥ /
vacanādānaviharaṇotsargānandās tu pañcānām // ISk_28 //

mātraśabdo viśeṣārthaḥ | yathā bhikṣāmātraṃ labhyate nānyo viśeṣaḥ | tathā cakṣuḥ | gatārthe ālocanamātram iti | ekaikasya pratīndriyaṃ svaviṣayagrahaṇasāmarthyam eva | na hi cakṣuḥ śravaṇasamarthaṃ dānādānasamarthaṃ vā // SkMv_28 //

ata ūrdhvaṃ buddhyahaṅkāramanovṛttiṃ vakṣyāmaḥ | tad ucyate ---

svālakṣaṇyā vṛttis trayasya saiṣā bhavaty asāmānyā / (p.33) sāmānyakaraṇavṛttiḥ prāṇādyā vāyavaḥ pañca // ISk_29 //

svālakṣaṇyeti | buddher adhyavasāya uktaḥ prāk lakṣaṇam | tasyāḥ sa evādhyavasāyo vṛttiḥ | evam abhimāno 'haṅkāralakṣaṇam | tasya vṛttir api sa eva | manasaḥ saṅkalpo lakṣaṇam | tasyāpi sa eva vṛttiḥ | yena yena lakṣaṇenāmī lakṣyante teṣāṃ sa eva vṛttiḥ | evaṃ yā buddhīndriyāṇāṃ na sā karmendriyāṇām | yā ca karmendriyāṇāṃ na sā buddhīndriyāṇām | buddhyahaṅkāramanasāṃ vṛttir abhihitā | sāpy asāmānyā | adhyavasāyābhimānasaṅkalpalakṣaṇā | saiṣā bhavaty asāmānyā asādhāraṇā evam ukte 'rthāt gamyate sāmānyāpi sādhāraṇāpi vṛttir asti | yadapekṣayāsāmānyety ucyate | evam indriyāṇām asāmānyā vṛttir ākhyātā kulastrīsaṃsthānīyā | ata ūrdhvaṃ sāmānyā vṛttir ucyate | sāmānyakaraṇavṛttiḥ prāṇādyā vāyavaḥ pañca | sāmānyakaraṇavṛttiḥ --- samastasyāntaḥkaraṇasyety arthaḥ | prāṇādyā vāyavaḥ pañceti prāṇāpānodānasamānavyānāḥ sarveṣām indriyāṇām sāmānyaṃ kurvanti | sa prāṇo nāma yo mukhanāsāntarago bāhye cāsya viṣaye vṛttiḥ | prāṇanāt prāṇa eṣa ity abhidhīyate | asmin prāṇe yat spandanakarma tat katamena kṛtam ity atrocyate --- trayodaśavidhena karaṇena kṛtam | yataś caivaṃ tasmāt prāṇakarma sarvasya karaṇagrāmasya vṛttiḥ sāmānyā | api cātra dṛṣṭāntaḥ --- yathā kasmiṃścid rājagṛhe pañjare śukāḥ prativasanti | tebhyo devadattena odano darśitaḥ | odanaṃ dṛṣṭvā sarve pracalitāḥ | tadā pañjarakam api calitam | yat pañjarasya pracalanaṃ karma tat sarveṣām śukānāṃ sāmānyam | tadvat prāṇe yat spandanakarma tat sarveṣām indriyāṇāṃ sāmānyam | kiṃ cānyat --- apānenotsṛjati | itaś cāpakramaṇād apāna ity ucyate | apānabahulaś ca devadattaḥ sarpaṃ dṛṣṭvā apasarpati eṣo 'pānaḥ | tasminn apāne yat spandanakarma tat sarveṣām indriyāṇāṃ sāmānyā vṛttiḥ | ārohaṇād arthotkarṣe udāna ity abhidhīyate | nābhipradeśād utthitaṃ gacchati | udānavṛttiś ca devadatta ānandotkarṣaṃ mṛgayati | aham āḍhyo 'smād āḍhyataraḥ kathaṃ syām ity eṣa udānaḥ | asminn udāne yat spandanakarma tat sāmānyā vṛttiḥ sarvendriyāṇām | kiñ cānyat --- hṛdyavasthānaṃ sahabhāvaś ca tena samānaḥ | yo vāyur hṛddeśe vartate sa samānaḥ | tadbahulaś ca ekākī na ramata eṣa samānaḥ | tasmin yat spandanakarma tat sarvendriyāṇāṃ sāmānyavṛttiḥ | kiñ cānyat --- śarīravyāpitayā vyānaḥ | ānakhād ākeśāntaṃ śarīraṃ vyāpya anati calatīti vyānaḥ | vyānabahulo devadattaś ca atyantam anyena vinā ramate |(p.34) tasmin vyāne yat spandanakarma tat sarveṣām indriyāṇāṃ sāmānyavṛttiḥ | tad evaṃ sāmānyakāraṇavṛttiḥ prāṇādyā vāyavo vyākhyātāḥ // SkMv_29 //

vṛttiṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | tad ucyate ---

yugapac catuṣṭayasya hi vṛttiḥ kramaśaś ca tasya nirdiṣṭā /
dṛṣṭe tathāpy adṛṣṭe trayasya tatpūrvikā vṛttiḥ // ISk_30 //

buddhir ahaṅkāro manaś cakṣur ity etāni catvāri yugapad rūpaṃ paśyanti, ayaṃ sthāṇur 'yaṃ puruṣa iti | evaṃ śabdaṃ sparśaṃ rasaṃ gandhaṃ catvāri yugapad gṛhṇanti | evam eṣā yugapac catuṣṭayasya vṛttiḥ | kiṃ cānyat | kramaśaś ca tasya nirdiṣṭā buddhyahaṅkāramanaścakṣuścatuṣṭayasya kramaśo vṛttir bhavati | dvāridvāravibhāgopadeśād hrasvakālatvād vibhāgo na śakyate vaktuṃ tato yugapad ity ucyate | yathā bālapatraśataṃ sūcyagreṇa viddham iti | tad yathā | devadattaḥ panthānaṃ gacchan sthāṇuṃ paśyati tatra tasya saṃśayo bhavati kim ayaṃ sthāṇur uta puruṣa iti | tatra sthāṇurūpaṃ paśyati śakuniṃ ca tatrasthaṃ tato 'sya buddhir bhavati sthāṇur ayam iti | ākuñcanaprasāraṇe karoti tato 'pi puruṣo 'yam iti pratītiḥ | evaṃ buddhyahaṅkāramanaścakṣuṣāṃ kramaśo vṛttir dṛṣṭā cakṣū rūpaṃ paśyati, manaḥ saṅkalpayati, ahaṅkāro 'bhimānayati, buddhir adhyavasyati | evaṃ rasanādiṣv api draṣṭavyam | kiṃ cānyat --- dṛṣṭe tathāpy adṛṣṭe | trayasya tatpūrvikā vṛttiḥ | tacchabdena samanantaroktāni buddhīndriyāṇi bhavanti | rūpe cakṣuḥpūrvikā, śabde śrotrapūrvikā, sparśe tvakpūrvikā, rase jihvāpūrvikā, gandhe ghrāṇapūrvikā buddhyahaṅkāramanasāṃ vṛttir iti // SkMv_30 //

atrāha --- acetanānīndriyāṇi buddhyahaṅkārau manaś ceti kena hetunā svāṃ svāṃ vṛttiṃ pratipadyante ity atrāha ---

svāṃ svāṃ pratipadyante parasparākūtahetukāṃ vṛttim /
puruṣārtha eva hetur na kenacit kāryate karaṇam // ISk_31 //

svāṃ svām iti vīpsām icchanti | (iti trayodaśavidhasya karaṇasya grahaṇaṃ kṛtaṃ bhavati) | pratipadyante gṛhṇantīty arthaāḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- parasparākūtahetukāṃ vṛttim | buddher ākūtaṃ jñātvā ahaṅkāro 'bhimānayati, manaḥ saṅkalpayati, indriyāṇi svāṃ svāṃ vṛttiṃ pratipadyante | ākūtaṃ nāmābhiprāyaḥ | yathā kila caurasenā grāmaṃ hantuṃ gacchati tatra caurasenāpatinā saṅketaḥ(p.35) kṛto 'sti yadāhaṃ hā heti bravīmi tadā sarvaiḥ samavāyena praveṣṭavyam | yadā punar aham ahā heti bravīmi tadā nirgantavyam | etāṃ caurasenāpater ājñām ākūtaṃ jñātvā caurāḥ praviśanti nirgacchanti ca | tatheha caurasenāpatisthānīyā buddhiḥ caurasthānīyānīndriyāṇi | kiṃ svārthaṃ viṣayaṃ pratipadyante āhosvit parārtham ity atrocyate | parārthaṃ gamyate | yasmād āha --- puruṣārtha eva hetuḥ puruṣārthaḥ kartavya eva iti guṇānāṃ pravṛttiḥ | tasmād etat trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇaṃ puruṣārthaḥ pravartayati | yad apy uktam --- acetanāni karaṇāni kathaṃ pravartanta iti | atra brūmaḥ --- na kenacit kāryate karaṇam | neśvareṇa nāpi puruṣeṇa | svabhāvo nāma kaścit padārtho (nā)sti | yasmāt svayam eva ca trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇaṃ sve sve viṣaye pravartata iti // SkMv_31 //

atrāha --- uktaṃ ca bhagavatā na kenacit kāryate karaṇam iti | tat katividhaṃ karaṇam iti? atrocyate ---

karaṇaṃ trayodaśavidhaṃ tadāharaṇadhāraṇaprakāśakaram /
kāryaṃ ca tasya daśadhāhāryaṃ dhāryaṃ prakāśyaṃ ca // ISk_32 //

yad atra karaṇam ity uktaṃ tat trayodaśavidham iti boddhyam | pañca karmendriyāṇi, pañca buddhīndriyāṇi, buddhyahaṅkārau mana iti etat trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam iti | atrāha --- āhārakaṃ dhārakaṃ prakāśakaṃ ca tad iti | tatrāhārakam indriyalakṣaṇam | dhārakam abhimānalakṣaṇam | prakāśakaṃ buddhilakṣaṇam | atrāha --- kiṃ tad asti yasyāharaṇaṃ dhāraṇaṃ prakāśanaṃ ca kriyate | atrocyate --- kāryaṃ ca tasya daśadhāhāryaṃ dhāryaṃ prakāśyaṃ ca | kāryam iti śabdasparśarasarūpagandhāḥ pañca, vacanādānaviharaṇotsargānandāḥ pañca | ete daśa viṣayāḥ kāryam ity ucyate | taṃ daśavidhaṃ viṣayaṃ buddhīndriyaiḥ prakāśitam arthaṃ karmendriyāṇy āharanti dhārayanti ca | tad yathā tamasi sthitaṃ pradīpena prakāśitaṃ ghaṭaṃ hasta ādatte dhārayati ca | tad evaṃ yathā ghaṭaṃ tathā śeṣāṇy api // SkMv_32 //

antaḥkaraṇaṃ trividhaṃ daśadhā bāhyaṃ trayasya viṣayākhyam /
sāmpratakālaṃ bāhyaṃ trikālam ābhyantaraṃ karaṇam // ISk_33 //

antaḥkaraṇaṃ trividham iti buddhyahaṅkāramanasāṃ grahaṇam | etat trividham antaḥkaraṇasaṃjñitam | daśadhā bāhyaṃ buddhikarmendriyabhedāt | kiṃ cānyat | trayasya viṣayākhyaṃ buddhyahaṅkāramanasāṃ trayāṇām antaḥkaraṇānāṃ bāhyaṃ daśavidhaṃ(p.36) karaṇaṃ viṣayākhyaṃ viṣaya(?) upabhogyam iti | ābhyantaraṃ trikaṃ svāmibhūtaṃ bāhyaṃ daśavidhaṃ bhṛtyabhūtam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- sāmpratakālaṃ bāhyam | yad etad bāhyaṃ daśavidhaṃ karaṇam uktaṃ tat sāmpratakālaṃ vartamānaviṣayagrāhakaṃ bhavati | śrotratvakcakṣurjihvāghrāṇāni vartamānāny eva śabdādīni gṛhṇanti | nātītāni na ca bhāvīni | evaṃ vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthāni vartamāneṣu vacanādeyabhūmimalotsargānandeṣu pravartante nātītābhaviṣyatoḥ | kiñ cānyat --- trikālam ābhyantaraṃ mano'haṅkārabuddhirūpaṃ karaṇaṃ pravartate | buddhir vartamānaṃ ghaṭaṃ buddhyate atītaṃ bhaviṣyantaṃ ca smarati | tad yathā --- yudhiṣṭhirabhīmasenāv āstām atītaviṣayagrāhiṇī buddhiḥ | kalkī bhaviṣyati bhāvivastugrāhiṇī | evam ahaṅkāro 'pi trikālavān | yathāham asmin gṛhe svāmī āsaṃ, bhaviṣyāmi ceti | evaṃ mano 'py atītaṃ saṅkalpayati vartamānaṃ bhāvi ca | yata evaṃ tasmād ucyate "trikālam ābhyantaraṃ karaṇam" iti // SkMv_33 //

atrāha --- kāni indriyāṇi saviśeṣaṃ viṣayaṃ gṛhṇanti, kāni nirviśeṣam | atrocyate ---

buddhīndriyāṇi teṣāṃ pañca viśeṣāviśeṣaviṣayāṇi /
vāg bhavati śabdaviṣayā śeṣāny api pañcaviṣayāṇi // ISk_34 //

teṣām karaṇānāṃ madhye yeṣām ayam adhikāro vartate teṣāṃ yāni buddhīndriyāṇi śrotratvakcakṣurjihvāghrāṇāni pañca tāni saviśeṣaṃ gṛhṇanti aviśeṣam api viṣayaṃ gṛhṇanti | atrāha --- kasya saviśeṣaṃ viṣayaṃ gṛhṇanti kasya nirviśeṣam iti | atrocyate śabdasparśarasarūpagandhāḥ pajña devānāṃ tanmātrasaṃjñitā nirviśeṣāḥ kevalasukhalakṣaṇatvāt | yasmāt tatra duḥkhamohau na stas tasmān nirviśeṣās te iti | tathā hi | viśiṣyante śāntaghoramūḍhatvādineti viśeṣās taiḥ saha saviśeṣāḥ, kevalā nirviśeṣā iti tātparyam | evaṃ śabdādayo manuṣyāṇāṃ saviśeṣāḥ sukhaduḥkhamohayuktā ity arthaḥ | devānāṃ tu buddhīndriyāṇi nirviśeṣaṃ sukhātmakaṃ prakāśayanti | uktāni buddhīndriyāṇi devānāṃ mānuṣāṇāṃ ca | karmendriyāṇi vakṣyāmaḥ | vāg bhavati śabdaviṣayā śeṣāny api pañca viṣayāṇi | tatra devānāṃ vāk pādaṃ pādārdhaṃ ślokam uccārayati | asmākam api tathaiva | ato devānām asmākaṃ ca vāgindriyaṃ tulyam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- śeṣāṇy api pañca viṣayāṇi iti | teṣāṃ(p.37) caturṇām ekaikaṃ pañcaviṣayam | pāṇis tāvat śabdasparśarasarūpagandhayuktaḥ | evaṃ pañcalakṣaṇam eva pāṇīndriyaṃ sannikṛṣṭaṃ pañcalakṣaṇaṃ ghaṭaṃ gṛhṇāti | (yasmāt pañcalakṣaṇaṃ hastaṃ hastendriyaṃ ca) evaṃ śabdādipañcalakṣaṇaḥ pādaḥ pañcātmikāyām eva bhuvi viharati | evaṃ pañcalakṣaṇe pāyūpasthe api pañcalakṣaṇāv utsargānandau kurutaḥ | tasmāt yuktam abhihitam --- "śeṣāṇy api pañca viṣayāṇi" iti // SkMv_34 //

idānīṃ buddhiviṣayakhyāpanāyedam ucyate ---

sāntaḥkaraṇā buddhiḥ sarvaṃ viṣayam avagāhate yasmāt /
tasmāt trividhaṃ karaṇaṃ dvāri dvārāṇi śeṣāṇi // ISk_35 //

sāntaḥkaraṇā antaḥkaraṇe ahaṃmanasī tābhyāṃ saha vartate yā buddhiḥ sā tathoktā | sā buddhiḥ sarvaṃ viṣayaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ triṣv api kāleṣu yasmād avagāhate vyāpnoti gṛhṇāti śabdādyaṃ pañcavidhaṃ tasmād eva tanmanobuddhyahaṅkāralakṣaṇaṃ trividham eva karaṇaṃ sādhanaṃ, kriyate 'nenetikṛtvā | śeṣāṇi punaḥ dvāri bāhye yāni buddhikarmendriyatayā pratītāni śrotravākprabhṛtīni daśa tāni tasyā eva mano'haṅkārayuktāyā buddher viṣayagrahaṇāya dvārāṇi pratīkāny eva na tu karaṇatayā sānvayāni | tathā etair daśabhir dvāraiḥ sāntaḥkaraṇā buddhir eva viṣayān gṛhṇātīti trividham eva karaṇam ity arthaḥ // SkMv_35 //

kiñ cānyat ---

ete pradīpakalpāḥ parasparavilakṣaṇā guṇaviśeṣāḥ /
kṛtsnaṃ puruṣasyārthaṃ prakāśya buddhau prayacchanti // ISk_36 //

ete iti buddhikarmāntaḥkaraṇabhedās trayodeśa pradīpakalpāḥ pradīpatulyāḥ | kiṃ cānyat | parasparavilakṣaṇāḥ | bhinnalakṣaṇā visadṛśā ity arthaḥ | śrotraṃ hi śabdaṃ gṛhṇāti, na sparśādīn | evam itaratra | vāg vakty eva na gṛhṇāti gacchati viharaty ānandati | evaṃ pāṇyādiṣu | manaḥ saṅkalpayati nāhaṅkurute | ahaṅkāraś cābhimanute na saṅkalpayati | evaṃ dvādaśāpi svaṃ svam arthaṃ puruṣabhogyatayā prakāśya buddhau prayacchanti nikṣipanti | tad buddhisthaṃ viṣayaṃ sukhaduḥkhādyaṃ puruṣa upalabhate // SkMv_36 //

kiñ cānyat ---

sarvaṃ pratyupabhogaṃ yasmāt puruṣasya sādhayati buddhiḥ /
saiva ca viśinaṣṭi tataḥ pradhānapuruṣāntaraṃ sūkṣmam // ISk_37 //

(p.38)

nirviśeṣaṃ triṣv api kāleṣu yo yo viṣayaṃ prati upabhogo devatiryagyoniṣu taṃ taṃ puruṣasya yasmād hetor buddhir eva sādhayati niṣpādayati | rājāmātyavat | yathā sarveṣāṃ bhṛtyānāṃ mantrī upalabdhiṃ vidhāya rājani nivedayati | evaṃ karmendriyāṇi prakāśya buddhau prayacchanti | buddhir api puruṣāya prayacchati samarpayati | anena prakāreṇa buddhir abhyudayaphalena | yāvajjñānaṃ notpadyate tāvat puruṣaṃ yojayati | svairiṇīva kāmukaṃ mūḍhavijñānaṃ ghṛtādyupacāraiḥ | buddhipreritā ahaṃmanobuddhikarmendriyākhyā viṣayān na svārthaṃ na ca buddhyarthaṃ kiṃ tu puruṣārtham eva sādhayanti | yathā salakṣmīkasvairiṇīgṛhe dāsyas tadādeśena rasavatīṃ na svārthaṃ na ca svāmitayāvasthitasvairiṇy arthaṃ kiṃ tu tayāpahṛtavivekavijñānasya kāmukasya kṛte nirvartayanti tadvat | yāvad asau vimūḍhas tāvad anayā buddhyā svairiṇy eva kāmuko viṣayair upahriyate | yadāsau katham api guruśāstrātmānubhavādibhir ātmānaṃ cetayate tadā svairiṇīva buddhir api puruṣaṃ vihāya saṃśāmyati | tato 'sau kevalatayāvatiṣṭhate | tadanubhavāvasthitir muktir iti yat kiñcid idam aprastutam | prastutam ucyate | kiñ cānyat | ataḥ saiva ca viśinaṣṭi tataḥ pradhānapuruṣāntaraṃ sūkṣmam | sūkṣmaṃ durvijñeyam | pradhānapuruṣāntaraṃ nānātvam | sūkṣmatvād atīva durbodham iti yāvat | buddhir hi adhyavasāyātmikā svavyāpāreṇa cādhyavasāyena sādhayati | ahaṅkārendriyatanmātrabhūtādhyavasāyena jagat pradhānapuruṣāntaravivecanena vivicya svayaṃ mriyate | ata evoktam ---

"ahaṅkāro dhiyaṃ brūte mainaṃ suptaṃ prabodhaya /
prabuddhe paramānande na tvaṃ nāhaṃ na tajjagat //

mayi tiṣṭhaty ahaṅkāre puruṣaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ /
tattvavṛndaṃ parityajya sa kathaṃ mokṣam icchati //

yo 'sau sarveśvaro devaḥ sarvavyāpī jagadguruḥ /
dehītipadam uccārya hā mayātmā laghuḥ kṛtaḥ" //

akṛtapuṇyacaraṇair na prāpyaṃ pradhānapuruṣayor nānātvam | tayor evāntaraṃ darśayati | tvam anyam ātmānaṃ na vetsi | pradhānam anyat | sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ prādhānikā amūrtāḥ sāmyāvasthāyāṃ pradhānākhyāḥ | teṣām ekatayodrekāt triguṇā buddhir anyā, anyo 'haṅkāraḥ, pañca tanmātrāṇy anyāni, ekādaśendriyāṇy anyānīti buddhvā tattvāni mokṣaṃ gacchanti | na hi bhagavataḥ kapilasya mate kim api kartavyam anuṣṭheyatayā, kiṃ tu sāṅkhyānāṃ (p.39) pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam eva sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca niḥśreyasahetuḥ | uktaṃ ca ---

hasa piba lala moda nityaṃ viṣayānupabhuñja kuru ca mā śaṅkām /
yadi viditaṃ te kapilamataṃ tat prāpsyase mokṣasaukhyaṃ ca // SkMv_37 //

atrāha --- uktaṃ bhagavatā pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "viśeṣāviśeṣaviṣayāṇīndriyāṇi" iti | tatra ke viśeṣā ke 'viśeṣā iti | atrocyate ---

tanmātrāṇy aviśeṣās tebhyo bhūtāni pañca pañcabhyaḥ /
ete smṛtā viśeṣāḥ śāntā ghorāś ca mūḍhāś ca // ISk_38 //

yāni bhūtādisaṃjñāt tāmasād ahaṅkārād utpannāni pañca tanmātrāṇi śabdādīni tāny aviśeṣā ity ucyante | devānāṃ tanmātrāṇi sukhalakṣaṇā viṣayās tatrāpi rajastamasī staḥ kiṃ tu tatra sattvam utkaṭatvena vartate tasmād aviśeṣā ity ucyante | na viśiṣyante śāntaghoramūḍhatvādibhiḥ sattvodrekāt kevalasukhatayā ity arthaḥ | tarhi viśeṣāḥ ke? atrāha --- tebhyo bhūtāni pañca pañcabhyaḥ | śabdādibhyaḥ pañcabhyaḥ ākāśādīni pañca mahābhūtāni pūrvapūrvānupraveśād ekadvitricatuṣpañca guṇāny utpadyante | ete smṛtā viśeṣāḥ | atrāha --- eteṣāṃ kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti | atrocyate | etāni pañca mahābhūtāni manuṣyāṇāṃ viṣayāḥ | śāntā ghorā mūḍhāś ca | tatrākāśaṃ śāntaṃ ghoraṃ mūḍhaṃ ca | śāntaṃ tāvat sukhalakṣaṇam | yathā kaścid garbhagṛhāt niṣkrāntaḥ avakāśasthitas tasya tadākāśaṃ sukhahetutvāc chāntaṃ syāt | tad evoṣṇaśītavātādisaṃyogād duḥkhatvād ghoraṃ syāt | pathi gacchataḥ kāndiśīkasya kevalaṃ sarvatrākāśaṃ paśyato mārgādyanabhijñasya puṃsas tad eva mūḍhaṃ syāt | evaṃ vāyau traividhyam | yathā garbhagṛhavāsino vātāyanadvāreṇa vāyuḥ praviśan sukhahetutvāc chāntaḥ | tenaivoṣṇamāsi sampannena duḥkhotpādakatayā duḥkhī syād ity asau vāyur ghoraḥ | sa eva vāyuḥ śītakāle śītaṃ janayan mūḍhaḥ | evam agniḥ śītārtasya śāntaḥ | grīṣmakāle tāpārtasya ghoraḥ | grāmādidāhe pravṛddho 'gniḥ puṃso mohotpādakatayā mūḍhaḥ | evam āpo gharmārtasya sukhadatvāc chāntāḥ | hemante duḥkhadatvād ghorāḥ | samudramadhyagatasya puṃsaḥ tīram apaśyato mohahetutvān mūḍhāḥ | evaṃ pṛthvī navaśādvalopacitā prāvṛṣi sukhakāriṇīti śāntā | grīṣmakāle uṣṇabālukā ghorā | saiva pathikasya mārgānabhijñasya prāṇigrāmādyapaśyato mūḍhā | evaṃ devānāṃ nirviśeṣā viṣayāḥ | tanmātrasaṃjñitā nirviśeṣāḥ kevalā evānandamayāḥ śāntaghoramūḍhatayāviśiṣṭāḥ svabhāvarūpāḥ(p.40) śarkarākaṭutiktādirasā niścitaṃ svabhāvamādhuryāmṛtā upameyasukhaśālikṣīram iva | mādhuryakṣārakaṭvādipārthivaguṇasampṛktaṃ svabhāvarasaṃ jalam ivāmī viṣayāḥ(?) | devānām evaṃ nirviśeṣāḥ syuḥ | tanmātrasaṃjñitāḥ sukhalakṣaṇā eva | manuṣyāṇāṃ viyadādibhūtamayatvāt bhūtānīva sukhaduḥkhamohalakṣaṇās te ity arthaḥ // SkMv_38 //

atrāha --- kim etāv anta eva viṣayāḥ, na hi | kiṃ tv anye 'pi santi | ke punas te iti? ucyate |

sūkṣmā mātāpitṛjāḥ saha prabhūtais tridhā viśeṣāḥ syuḥ /
sūkṣmās teṣāṃ niyatā mātāpitṛjā nivartante // ISk_39 //

tatra sūkṣmās tāvat pañca tanmātrakāḥ tair evādisarge sūkṣmaśarīrāṇi trayāṇām api lokānāṃ prārabdhāni | tat sūkṣmaśarīramṛtukāle mātur udaraṃ praviśati | mātū rudhiraṃ pituḥ śukram | vedāntavādino 'py evam āhuḥ | prāṇinaḥ svarganarakādiṣu svakarmabhogānantaramatrājigamiṣavaḥ somamaṇḍale līnā bhūtvā vṛṣṭayo bhavanti | tato 'nnam, tat strīpuṃsābhyām upabhuktaṃ śukraśoṇite, tataḥ puruṣa iti | "vettha yathā pañcamyām āhutāv āpaḥ puruṣavacasa"(chāndogyopaniṣad 5 |3 |3) ity ārabhya "iti tu pañcamyām āhutāv āpa"(chāndogyopaniṣad 5 |9 |1) ity āhuḥ | purāṇeṣv api

"somavṛṣṭyannaretāṃsi puruṣas tatra pañcamaḥ /
sa jīvaty agnaye paścād dharanty asmād yato 'bhavat" //

iti |

tad evaṃ sūkṣmaśarīrasyopacayaṃ karoti | mātur aśitapītānnaraso mātṛnāḍīsambandhena praviśya sūkṣmaśarīrasya śukraśoṇitamayasyopacayaṃ kurute | mātuś ca nāḍyā bālasya nābhirandhraṃ praviśati | yathaikena mārgeṇa śākavāṭasyāpy āyanam udakaṃ karoti evam annapānasya raso mātṛnāḍīgato bālasya nābhiṃ praviśati | praviśya bālaśarīrasyāpy āyanaṃ karoti | tatra sūkṣmaśarīrasyākṛtir yādṛglakṣaṇā bahiḥśarīrasya bhavati hastapādaśiraḥpṛṣṭhodarajaṅghāgulpha iti | api ca śiṣṭā vadanti bahiḥśarīraṃ ṣāṭkauśikam iti | rudhiramāṃsatvaco mātṛjāḥ snāyvasthimajjānaḥ pitṛjāḥ | evam etad bāhyaśarīram ābhyantarasūkṣmaśarīrasyopacayaṃ kurute | tasyaiva bahiḥśarīropacitasya sūkṣmaśarīrasya prasavakāle yonyā nirgatasya mātur udarāt bāhyāni pañca mahābhūtāni pṛthivyādīni viharaṇasaṃsthānīyāni kṛtāni | yathā kasyacid rājakumārasya mātāpitṛbhyām upacitasya pañca mahābhūtāni kṛtāni | ākāśam avakāśane, bhūmir viharaṇe, āpaḥ piṇḍīkaraṇe śuddhau ca, agnir(p.41) āhārapacane, vāyur vyūhane, asya śarīrasyaivam ete viśeṣāḥ trividhāḥ | sūkṣmā mātāpitṛjāḥ saha prabhūtaiḥ | pra ity upasargaḥ | evaṃ sūkṣmā mātāpitṛjā bhūtāni cety arthaḥ | tāni ca pṛthivyādīni | evam ete tridhā viśeṣāḥ | ye cānye prāg abhihitā viśeṣāḥ śāntā ghorā mūḍhāś ca | atrāha --- eteṣu triṣv api viśeṣeṣu ke nityāḥ ke 'nityā ity atrocyate --- sūkṣmās teṣāṃ niyatāḥ | sūkṣmā iti yair ādisargārambhas te niyatā nityā ity arthaḥ | tair ārabdhaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram asmin sthūlaśarīre patati tad adharmeṇa saṃyuktaṃ paśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpasthāvarāntāni pañca sthānāni paśyati | dharmādharmayoḥ sāmyena brāhmaṇādīni caṇḍālāntāni paśyati | evaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ niyataṃ yāvat saṃsāram ity arthaḥ | tad yāvaj jñānaṃ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ notpadyate tāvat saṃsarati, utpanne jñāne nivartate | tasmiṃś ca nivṛtte puruṣo mokṣaṃ gacchati | uktaṃ ca ---

"dehe mohāśraye bhagne yuktaḥ sa paramātmani /
kumbhākāśa ivākāśe labhate caikarūpatām" //

"yathā darpaṇābhāva ābhāsahānau" ityādi | tasmād etat sūkṣmam | mātāpitṛjā nivartante tat sūkṣmaśarīraṃ parityajya maraṇakāle mātāpitṛjaṃ patati | tat sūkṣmaśarīraṃ jñānam aviduṣāṃ saṃsarati // SkMv_39 //

atrāha --- uktaṃ ca bhagavatā --- "mātāpitṛjā nivartante tat sūkṣmaṃ saṃsaratīty arthaḥ | atrocyate ---

pūrvotpannam asaktaṃ niyataṃ mahadādisūkṣmaparyantam /
saṃsarati nirupabhogaṃ bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ liṅgam // ISk_40 //

pūrvotpannam ityādi | sargotpannam ity arthaḥ | yāvaj jñānaṃ notpadyate tāvat saṃsāre sthirataraṃ sthitam ity arthaḥ | kiñ cānyat --- asaktaṃ, kvacin na saktam ity asaktaṃ devamānuṣatiryakṣu sūkṣmatvāt | niyataṃ nityam ity arthaḥ | pañca karmendriyāṇi pañca buddhīndriyāṇi pañca tanmātrāṇi mano buddhir ahaṅkāra evam aṣṭādaśa --- mahadādisūkṣmaparyantam iti | mahāny asyādau, sūkṣmāṇi tanmātrāṇi śabdādiviṣayākhyāny ante yasya tat tathoktam | antaḥkaraṇabahiḥkaraṇāni trayodaśa tanmātrāṇi pañca ceti | atrāha --- tat kiṃ karoti | atrocyate --- saṃsarati devamānuṣatiryagyoniṣu jīvabhāvam āgacchati | tad dhi(p.42) nirupabhogaṃ śabdādayo viṣayā upabhogās tair virahitam | trayodaśakaraṇātmakam evety arthaḥ | bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ devamānuṣatiryagbhāvādhivāsitam evety arthaḥ | yathā tilapatanavastravāsanavat(?) | tadvat śāntā bhāvā bhavanti | devabhāvāḥ śubhena miśreṇa mānuṣā aśubhena tiryaktvam | liṅgaṃ pralayakāle pradhāne layaṃ gacchatīti liṅgam | prakarṣeṇa dhīyate kṣipyate 'tra sarvam iti pradhānam // SkMv_41 //

atrāha --- sūkṣmaśarīreṇa nāsti prayojanam | tarhi trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam eva kathaṃ saṃsaratīti? atrocyate ---

citraṃ yathāśrayamṛte sthāṇvādibhyo vinā yathā chāyā /
tadvad vināviśeṣais tiṣṭhati na nirāśrayaṃ liṅgam // ISk_41 //

ihāśrayāśrayiṇoḥ sambandho dṛṣṭaḥ | na hy āśrayaṃ vināśrayī tiṣṭhati | kuḍyāpaṭāśrayaṃ kṛtvā citram avatiṣṭhate | tad idaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ kuḍyapaṭasthānīyaṃ citrasaṃsthānīyaṃ trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam | tad evaṃ sati yad uktaṃ bhavatā trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam eva saṃsaratīti tan mithyā | kiṃ cānyat --- sthāṇvādibhyo vinā yathā chāyā iti | sthāṇupuruṣādibhir vinā yathā chāyā na bhavati | chāyāṃ vinā te ca na bhavanti | yathāgninā vinā prakāśo na bhavati | tadvad vināviśeṣais tiṣṭhati na nirāśrayaṃ liṅgam iti | aviśeṣā iti tanmātrāṇi svābhāvikakṣīrajalavac śāntaghoramūḍhatvarahitatvāt | tair ārabdhaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram | tena sūkṣmaśarīreṇa sargādiprārabdhena vinā nirāśrayaṃ trayodaśakaraṇākhyaṃ liṅgaṃ na tiṣṭhati | ato yad uktaṃ bhavatā "kim aviśeṣair ārabdhasūkṣmaśarīrakalpanayā prayojanaṃ trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam ea saṃsarati" iti, tan mithyā // SkMv_41 //

atrāha --- sūkṣmaśarīraṃ trayodaśavidhakaraṇasampannaṃ kena hetunā saṃsaratīti? atrocyate ---

puruṣārthahetukam idaṃ nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena /
prakṛter vibhutvayogān naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam // ISk_42 //

puruṣārthaḥ kartavya iti pradhānasya tāvat pravṛttiḥ | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhilakṣaṇo guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhilakṣaṇaś ca | śabdādyupalabdhir brahmalokādiṣu bhogāvāptir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir mokṣa iti | tasmād uktam --- puruṣārthahetukam idaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram iti | kiṃ cānyat --- nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena(p.43) | tatra nimittaṃ dharmādyaṣṭavidham | tat purastāt vakṣyāmaḥ "dharmeṇa gamanam ūrdhvam" ityādi | prakṛtiḥ pradhānam | vibhutvaṃ prabhutvaṃ tasya yogāt(tadvibhutvayogāt) | yathā kaścid rājā prabhutvayogena svarāṣṭre yad yad icchati tat tat karoti | evaṃ pradhānam api prabhutvayogena mānuṣyaṃ vā daivaṃ vā tairyagyonyaṃ vā kurute | evaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ hastinyā udara praviśya hastī bhavati | strīśarīraṃ praviśya manuṣyo bhavati | paśur bhavati | tasmāt naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam // SkMv_42 //

atrāha --- ukta purā bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ liṅgaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ saṃsarati | tat ke bhāvā iti? atrocyate ---

sāṃsiddhikāś ca bhāvāḥ prākṛtikā vaikṛtāś ca dharmādyāḥ /
dṛṣṭāḥ karaṇāśrayiṇaḥ kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyāḥ // ISk_43 //

trividhā bhāvāś cintyante | tatra kecit sāṃsiddhikāḥ, kecit prākṛtikāḥ, kecid vaikṛtāḥ | tatra sāṃsiddhikās tāvat --- yathā kapilasya bhagavataḥ paramarṣer ādisarge utpannasyeme catvāro bhāvāḥ sahotpannā dharmo jñānaṃ vairāgyam aiśvaryam iti | ete sāṃsiddhikā ucyante | prākṛtikā nāma brahmaṇaḥ putrāḥ kila sanakādayo babhūvuḥ | teṣām utpannakāryakāraṇānāṃ śarīravatāṃ ṣoḍaśavarṣāṇām evaite catvāro bhāvā akasmād evotpannā nidhidarśanavat | ete ca prākṛtikā bhāvā ucyante | vaikṛtikā yathā --- ācāryādimūrtim adhikṛtya utpannā vaikṛtikā ity ucyante | ācāryaṃ nimittaṃ kṛtvā jñānam utpadyate | jñānād vairāgyaṃ, vairāgyād dharmo, dharmād aiśvaryam | evam ete catvāro bhāvā asmadādiṣv api vartante | tad eva vaikṛtā ity ucyante | evam ete tridhā bhāvā vyākhyātā yair adhivāsitaṃ mahadādi liṅgaṃ saṃsarati | atrāha --- dharmo, jñānam, vairāgyam aiśvaryam, adharmo 'jñānam avairāgyam anaiśvaryam | evam ete 'ṣṭau bhāvāḥ kva vartante? pūrvarṣibhiḥ dṛṣṭāḥ karaṇāśrayiṇaḥ | karaṇāny(p.44) ucyante buddhikarmāntaḥkaraṇabhedāt trayodaśa | tāny āśrityāṣṭau bhāvāḥ pravartante | uktaṃ hi "adhyavasāyo buddhir dharmo jñānaṃ virāga aiśvaryam" ity evamādi | kiṃ cānyat --- kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyāḥ | yathā sūkṣmaśarīram utpattikāle mātur udaraṃ praviśati | mātuḥ rudhiraṃ pituḥ śukraṃ tasya sūkṣmaśarīrasyopacaya kurute | kalalabudbudaghanamāṃsapeśīgarbhakumārayauvanasthāvirādayo 'nnapānarasanimittā utpadyante | tatra ucyate --- "kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyā" iti | kalalagrahaṇaṃ virāganimittam // SkMv_43 //

uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena" "naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam" iti | tatra kiṃ nimittaṃ kiṃ ca naimittikam iti? atrocyate ---

dharmeṇa gamanam ūrdhvaṃ gamanam adhastād bhavaty adharmeṇa /
jñānena cāpavargo viparyayād iṣyate bandhaḥ // ISk_44 //

tatra dharmo nimittam | iha loke dharmaṃ yaḥ kurute tan nimittaṃ kṛtvā sūkṣmaśarīram ūrdhvaṃ gacchati | ūrdhvam ity aṣṭānāṃ devayonīnāṃ grahaṇam | tatra ādyaṃ brāhmam | prājāpatyam, aindraṃ, pitryaṃ, gāndharvaṃ, yākṣaṃ, rākṣasaṃ, paiśācam ity etāny aṣṭau sthānāni sūkṣmaśarīraṃ gacchati | tatra dharmo nimittam, ūrdhvagamanaṃ naimittikam | kiṃ cānyat --- gamanam adhastād bhavaty adharmeṇa | iha loke yamaniyamalakṣaṇo dharmas tadviparīto hy adharmaḥ, tenādharmeṇa sūkṣmaśarīram adhastād gacchati paśvādi | paśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpasthāvaram iti pañcadhā tiryak sthāvarāntam | atrādharmo nimittam, adhogamanaṃ naimittikam | kiṃ cānyat --- jñānena cāpavargaḥ | yat pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānaṃ tena jñānena tatsūkṣmaśarīraṃ nivartate | paramātmāpavargaṃ prāpnoti mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | ato jñānaṃ nimittam apavargo naimittikaḥ | anyac ca viparyayād iṣyate bandhaḥ | kasya viparyayāt | jñānasya viparyayo 'jñānaṃ, tenājñānenāhaṃ darśanīyaḥ subhago 'haṃ bhoktāham iti manyate | tenājñānena manuṣyatiryagdeveṣv ātmānaṃ nibadhnāti | na mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | ato 'jñānaṃ nimittaṃ bandho naimittikāḥ | sa ca bandhas trividhaḥ | prakṛtibandho vaikārikabandho dakṣiṇābandhaś ceti | tatra prakṛtibandho nāmāṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu paratvenābhimānaḥ | vaikārikabandho nāma brahmādisthāneṣu śreyobuddhiḥ | dakṣiṇābandho nāma gavādidānejyānimittaḥ | evaṃ caturvidhaṃ nimittanaimittikaṃ vyākhyātam // SkMv_44 //

(p.45)

anyad apy evaṃvidham ucyate caturdhā ---

vairāgyāt prakṛtilayaḥ saṃsāro rājasād bhavati rāgāt /
aiśvaryād avighāto viparyayāt tadviparyāsaḥ // ISk_45 //

yathā kasyacid vairāgyam asti | (jitendriyo viṣayebhyo virakto na yamaniyamaparaḥ kevalam) na tu jñānam asti guṇapuruṣāntarākhyam | tenājñānena vairāgyapūrveṇa nāsti mokṣaḥ | kevalam aṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu layo bhavati pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātreṣu | tatra līnam ātmānaṃ muktam ity avagacchati bhūyaḥ saṃsaraṇakāle saṃsarati triṣu lokeṣu śarīrotpattir bhavati | tatra vairāgyaṃ nimittaṃ prakṛtilayo naimittikaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- saṃsāro rājasād bhavati rāgāt | yo 'yaṃ rājaso rāgo 'vairāgyaṃ yajñaṃ karoti, dānaṃ dadāti, amunāmuṣmin loke sukhaṃ me bhāvīti | tena rāgeṇa saṃsāro bhavati | brahmādisthāneṣu janma bhavati | tatra rāgo nimittaṃ saṃsāro naimittikaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- aiśvaryād avighātaḥ yat pūrvam aiśvaryam aṇimādikam aṣṭavidhaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ tasmād aiśvaryāt prārthitānām avighāto bhavati na muktiḥ | avighāto 'skhalanam | viparyayāt tadviparyāsaḥ | viparyayād anaiśvaryāt tadviparyāsaḥ prārthitānām aprāptir ity arthaḥ | tatrānaiśvaryaṃ nimittam | prārthitasyāprāptilakṣaṇo viparyāso naimittikaḥ | evaṃ ṣoḍaśako nityanaimittikaprasaṅgo vyākhyātaḥ | prakṛtilayaḥ prakṛtibandha ity ucyate | yajñādibhir dakṣiṇābandha ity ucyate | aiśvaryādinimitto bhogo vaikārika ity ucyate // SkMv_45 //

nanu nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgaḥ kimātmaka iti? atrocyate ---

eṣa pratyayasargo viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ /
guṇavaiṣamyavimardena tasya bhedās tu pañcāśat // ISk_46 //

eṣa iti | āryādvayena ṣoḍaśavidho naimittikaḥ sarga uktaḥ | pratyayasarga ucyate | pratyayād buddher utpanno yasmāt tasmāt pratyayasarga ity ucyate | uktaṃ hi purastāt "adhyavasāyo buddhiḥ" ityādi | so 'yaṃ pratyayasargo bhūyaś caturdhā bhidyate | yasmād āha --- viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ | saṃśayabuddhir viparyayaḥ sthāṇur ayaṃ puruṣo veti | bhūyo 'pi sthāṇuṃ prasamīkṣya na śaknoty antaraṃ gantum evam asyāśaktir utpannā | tatas tṛtīyaḥ tam eva sthāṇuṃ(p.46) jñātuṃ saṃśayituṃ vā necchati kim anenāsmākam ity eṣā tuṣṭiḥ | bhūyaś caturtho (dṛṣṭe yas tasmin) sthāṇvādirūḍhāṃ vallīṃ paśyati śakuniṃ vā | tato 'sya niścaya utpadyate sthāṇur ayam ity eṣā siddhiḥ | evam eṣa pratyayasargo bhinnaś caturdhā viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ | tasya caturvidhapratyayasargasya guṇavaiṣamyavimardena pañcāśat bhedā bhavanti | sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇās teṣāṃ vaiṣamyaṃ tadvimardena | yadā sattvam udriktaṃ tadā rajastamasī gauṇe | yathādityodayān nakṣatratejaso gauṇatvam | evaṃ yadā rajasā sattvatamasī, tamasā sattvarajasī gauṇe tadā tadvimardo bhavati | tena vimardena tasya caturvidhasya pratyayasargasya pañcāśad bhedā bhavanti // SkMv_46 //

tān āha ---

pañca viparyayabhedā bhavanty aśakteś ca karaṇavaikalyāt /
aṣṭāviṃśatibhedā tuṣṭir navadhāṣṭadhā siddhiḥ // ISk_47 //

sugamam // SkMv_47 //

viparyayasya ca tamo moho mahāmohas tāmisro 'ndhatāmisra iti pañca bhedāḥ | teṣāṃ bhedāntarāṇy āha ---

bhedas tamaso 'ṣṭavidho mohasya ca daśavidho mahāmohaḥ /
tāmisro 'ṣṭādaśadhā tathā bhavaty andhatāmisraḥ // ISk_48 //

tamasas taqavad aṣṭavidhā prakṛtiḥ | tadvastu malayatīti tamaḥ | tasya param aṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu layo bhavati | tad yathā pradhānaṃ buddhir ahaṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇīty eteṣu | tatra līnam ātmānaṃ mukto 'ham iti manyate | sa ca tasya viparyayaḥ | evaṃ tamaso 'ṣṭadhā bhedaḥ | mohasya ca aṣṭavidha evety arthaḥ | yattadaṇimādyaṣṭavidham aiśvaryam uktaṃ tasmin saktā brahmādayo devatā na mokṣapadam icchanti | tasyaiśvaryasya śubhakarmaṇopāttasya kṣaye punaḥ saṃsaranti | ayam aṣṭavidho mohasyāpi bhedaḥ | mahāmohasya daśavidho bhedaḥ | devānāṃ śabdādayaḥ pañcatanmātrākhyā viṣayā aviśeṣāḥ kevalānandarūpā nirupādhidugdhavac chāntādisañjātasukhādivirahitā ye bhavanti svargaprāptau | evaṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ bhautikaśarīratayā sukhaduḥkhamohasampannāḥ śāntaghoramūḍhā bhavantīty eṣa daśavidho mahāmohaḥ | tad eteṣu daśasu brahmendrādayo devā manuṣyāś(p.47) ca tiryagyonyāsaktāś ca dṛśyante | tena hi viṣayebhyaḥ param astīti mūḍhavijñānās tadāsaktyā guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ nityaniratiśayasukhābhivyaktaye jñānāvabodhaṃ na kurvantīty eṣa mahāmohaḥ | tenāmī te muktiṃ na bhajante | tāmisro 'ṣṭādaśadheti | devamanuṣyāṇāṃ daśa viṣayāḥ prāg abhihitā aviśeṣasaviśeṣatayā | aṇimādyaiśvaryaṃ cāṣṭaguṇam evam aṣṭādaśadhā bhavati | tebhyaḥ kenacid vaiguṇyenāprāptyābhihitasya yaḥ krodhaḥ sa tāmisra ity ucyate | tathā aṣṭādaśadhā cety arthaḥ | andhatāmisro 'pi bhavati tatsaṅkhya eva | tathā evam aṣṭādaśadhātrāpi | teṣu ca maraṇatrāsād duḥkham utpadyate | aiśvarye vidyamāna aiśvaryaṃ parityajya mṛtyunā hriyamāṇasya gacchāmīti saṅkalpayato yas trāsaḥ so 'ndhatāmisra ity ucyate daśa viṣayānaiśvaryaṃ prāpyāpi bhoktuṃ na labhate 'ntarāle 'pi mriyata iti yāvat | evam amī viparyayasya tamaḥprabhṛtayaḥ pañca bhedā vibhidyamānā dviṣaṣṭibhedāḥ sañjātāḥ | ata ūrdhvam aśakter aṣṭāviṃśatibhedān vakṣyāmaḥ // SkMv_48 //

ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ saha buddhivadhair aśaktir uddiṣṭā /
saptadaśa vadhā buddher viparyayāt tuṣṭisiddhīnām // ISk_49 //

ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ āndhyabādhiryaghrānapākajaḍatvakuṣṭhatvamūkatvakuṇitvapaṅgutvagudāvartaklaibyonmādā ity ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ | indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayagrahaṇāsāmarthyaṃ vadha iva vadhaḥ | yatheha loke kaścid devadatto yajñadattam āhūya abravīt --- bho duḥkhito 'smi kiṃ karavāṇīti | sa tenoktaḥ sāṅkhyajñānādhigamaṃ kuruṣva duḥkhāntamokṣaṃ prāpsyasīti | evam ukto 'sāv āha --- nāham etad abhyāsaṃ kartum alam | bādhiryāt guruvacanaṃ na śṛṇomi, śuśrūṣāyām asamartho 'smi | āndhyakuṇitvapaṅgutvādidoṣāśrayatvāt kuto mama jñānādhigama iti | evam evāndhyamūkatvonmādāda indriyopaghātā vidyāgrahaṇe asamarthā boddhavyāḥ | evam ete ekādaśendriyavadhā aśaktir ucyante | kiñ ca --- saha buddhivadhair iti | buddher vadhā buddhivadhās taiḥ saha | ke te buddhivadhāḥ? saptadaśasaṅkhyāḥ | te ca saptadaśāpi --- nava tuṣṭibhedā aṣṭau siddhayaḥ | tannirūpaṇaprastāve vyākhyāsyāmaḥ // SkMv_49 //

(p.48)

tatra navadhā tuṣṭim āha ---

ādhyātmikyaś catasraḥ prakṛtyupādānakālabhāgyākhyāḥ /
bāhyā viṣayoparamāt pañca nava ca tuṣṭayo 'bhihitāḥ // ISk_50 //

ātmany adhikṛtya pravartante tāś catasras tuṣṭayaḥ | prakṛtituṣṭir upādānatuṣṭiḥ kālatuṣṭiḥ bhāgyatuṣṭiś ceti | yathā kaścit prakṛtimātraṃ vetti, na tu jānīte saguṇāguṇatvanityānityatvacetanācetanatvasarvagatatvadharmān asyāḥ kevalaṃ prakṛtyastitvamātrajñānenāhaṃ jānāmīti tuṣṭaḥ pravrajitas tasya nāsti mokṣaḥ | eṣā prakṛtituṣṭiḥ | kaścit tridaṇḍakuṇḍikākṣamālākṛṣṇājinopādānamātreṇaivāhaṃ mukta ity abhimānī brūte | tena mama mokṣo bhāvīti | etāvanmātreṇa tuṣṭo jñānādhigame na pravartate | tasyāpi na mokṣa ity eṣā upādānatuṣṭiḥ | kaścid evaṃ brūte kālena svayaṃ mokṣo bhāvī kiṃ tattvavijñāneneti | jñāne pravṛttyaiva tuṣṭaḥ | tasyāpi na mokṣa iti kālatuṣṭiḥ | kaścid eva mahābhāgyenaiva mukto bhavati | tasmāj jñānam asādhakaṃ mukteḥ syād iti tāvatā tuṣṭaḥ tasya na mokṣa eṣā bhāgyatuṣṭiḥ | evam etā ātmany adhikṛtya jāyante ity ādhyātmikyaś catasras tuṣṭayaḥ | bāhyās tu pañca tuṣṭayaḥ | pañcānāṃ viṣayāṇām uparamād bhavanti, arjanarakṣaṇakṣayātṛptihiṃsādoṣān bhāvayataḥ pañca | evam ubhayatra nava tuṣṭayaḥ | tatrārjanaṃ nāma viṣayāṇāṃ tadarthaṃ kṛṣipāśupālyādivyavasāyaduḥkham avadhārya tebhya evoparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate | eṣā pañcamī tuṣṭiḥ | arjitānām api rājacaurādibhyo duḥkhaṃ viṣayāṇāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ kartuṃ tasmān na viṣayaiḥ kāryam ity uparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate, sā ṣaṣṭhī tuṣṭiḥ | rakṣaṇe 'pi kṛta upabhujyamānās te kṣīyanta iti na taiḥ kāryam ity uparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate, eṣā saptamī | tathārjanakṣayādipratīkārair api kṛtair nāstītīndriyāṇāṃ vaitṛṣṇyam, tasmān na taiḥ kāryam ity uparatasyāṣṭamī tuṣṭiḥ | proktānāṃ pratīkāre kṛte 'py arjanādipravṛttena hiṃsām antareṇa bhūtoparodhaṃ vināmī na prāpyante tasmān na taiḥ kāryam ity uparataḥ tuṣṭiṃ labhate | eṣā navāmī tuṣṭiḥ | evam etāḥ pañca bāhyās tuṣṭayaḥ | ubhayaṃ nava bhavanti | (evam etābhis tuṣṭibhir jñānaṃ vinā mokṣo 'stīti kevalena vairāgyeṇa tuṣṭaḥ |) āsāṃ navānām api tuṣṭīnāṃ granthāntare saṃjñāntarāṇi | tad yathā --- (p.49) ambhaḥ salilam ogho vṛṣṭiḥ tāraṃ sutāraṃ sunetraṃ sumarīcam uttamāmbhasikam iti | āsāṃ viparītā atuṣṭayo 'nambha ityādyāḥ | evaṃ tuṣṭyatuṣṭayo vyākhyātāḥ // SkMv_50 //

idānīṃ siddhayo vyākhyāyante ---

ūhaḥ śabdo 'dhyayanaṃ duḥkhavighātatrayaṃ suhṛtprāptiḥ /
dānaṃ ca siddhayo 'ṣṭau siddheḥ pūrvo 'ṅkuśas trividhaḥ // ISk_51 //

tatra ūho nāma yathā kaścic cintayati, kiṃ paraṃ yāthātmyam, kiṃ niḥśreyasam, kiṃ kṛtvā sukhaṃ prāpyate | evam asya cintayato jñānam utpadyate svataḥ śāstrato guruto vā | yat pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtāny anyāni, aham anya iti tato mokṣaṃ gacchati | eṣā ūhasiddhiḥ prathamā | caurasādhutadanugāmisvāmipathikasaṃyogādivat | prakṛtipuruṣaśiṣyagurukramajñānam | tad yathā grāmam ācchidya caurā yānti | tatsārthamadhye sādhur eko gacchati | tadanugāmī ca svāmī | caturthaḥ pathikas tadabhijñaḥ | pathikacauramadhye sādhur api cauraguṇāspṛṣṭo 'pi tadanugāminā cauratayā pratītas tādṛggaṇanāyāṃ (pratītaḥ) tadabhijñena pathikena svāmī sambodhito yad ahaṃ sarvaṃ jānāmi, amī caurā ayaṃ sādhur eva tatsārthānuvartīti | evaṃ caurasthānīyo buddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtasamavāyaḥ, sādhusthānīyaś ca puruṣaḥ, tadanugāmisthānīyaḥ śiṣyo, bhedena bodhyāḥ | pathikasthānīyo guruḥ | tasmāj jñānaṃ pratīkatrayeṇaivāvagamyate --- gurutaḥ śāstrataḥ, svata ity ūhasiddhiḥ prathamoktā | śabdo nāma yathā kasyacit paṭhataḥ (tam asya janaṃ) śabdaṃ śrutvānyat pradhānam anyo 'ham iti tanmārgapravṛttiprabuddho mokṣaṃ gacchati | evam eṣā dvitīyā siddhiḥ śabdata utpannā | kaścid gurūpāsanayā tato 'dhītyāvagamya sakalaṃ jñānam āpnoti, tṛtīyādhyayanasiddhiḥ sāṅkhyajñānam adhītya sañjātā | evam etās tisraḥ siddhayaḥ | śeṣā vyākhyāyante | duḥkhavighātatrayam iti | yathā kaścid ādāv abhihitādhyātmikādiduḥkhatrayeṇābhibhūto 'sya pratīkārāyohaṃ śabdam adhyayanaṃ vā pratipadya jñānam adhigamya mokṣaṃ yātīti duḥkhavighātāya yatrohāditrayam adhikurute tad api siddhitrayam | evaṃ ṣaṭ siddhayaḥ | kaścid durmedhā guroḥ sakāśān nāvadhārayati | tat kenacit pratyupakārānapekṣeṇa suhṛdā tasmāt saṃsārakūpād ujjihīrṣuṇā tadanukūlatayā kṛpāvatā sugamavacobhir vairāgyapūrvakaṃ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ sāṅkhyajñānam upadiśatā samuddhṛtam ālokyāha, (p.50) bhagavān śāstrakāraḥ --- suhṛtprāptir iti | te hi suhṛdas tathopadiśanti suhṛttayā yathā pāṣāṇo 'py avabudhyate | uktaṃ ca ---

"eṣā āturacittānāṃ mātrāsparśecchayā vibhuḥ /
bhavasindhuplavo dṛṣṭo yad ācāryānuvartanam" //

(bhāgavatapurāṇa 1 |6 |35)

eṣā saptamī siddhiḥ | kaścid āvāhanasaṃvāhanabhikṣāpātravastracchatrakamaṇḍaluprabhṛtidānena gurūn ārādhya sāṅkhyam adhigamya mokṣaṃ gacchatīty eṣāṣṭamī siddhir dānādibhir upāyair niṣpannā | āsām aṣṭānāṃ pūrvavannāmāntarāṇi | tāraṃ sutāraṃ tāratāraṃ pramodaṃ pramuditaṃ mohanaṃ ramyakaṃ sadāpramuditam iti | viparītā asiddhayaḥ | tad yathā atāram ityādyāḥ | tataś ca ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ, navānāṃ tuṣṭīnāṃ viparyayāḥ prakṛtyupādānakālabhāgyākhyānāṃ pañcaviṣayoparamatuṣṭīnāṃ ca | aṣṭānāṃ siddhīnāṃ viparyayā anūhādayaḥ | saptadaśa vadhā buddher evam ekādaśa saptadaśa cāṣṭāviṃśatibhedā aśakter abhidhīyante | evaṃ viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhīnām uddeśaḥ kṛta iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | siddheḥ pūrvo 'ṅkuśas trividhaḥ | yā ūhādyāṣṭadhā siddhis tasyā pūrvo viparyayāśaktituṣṭirūpo 'ṅkuśo niyāmakaḥ | trividhas triprakāra ity arthaḥ | yathāṅkuśena gṛhīto gajo vaśyo bhavati | evaṃ viparyayāśaktituṣṭirūpaṃ trividhaṃ pratyayasargaṃ hitvā siddhiḥ saṃsevyā, siddhes tattvajñānaṃ, tasmāc ca mokṣa iti tātparyam // SkMv_51 //

atrāha --- bhagavatā uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ liṅgaṃ saṃsarati | tatra kiṃ liṅgaṃ pūrvotpannam āhosvit bhāvā ity atrocyate --- liṅgaṃ tāvat sūkṣmaṃ tānmātrikaṃ śarīram anādikālotpannaṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ saṃsarati | karaṇāni buddhyahaṅkāramanobuddhikarmākhyāni trayodaśa | evaṃ trayodaśavidhakaraṇam āśritya sūkṣmaśarīraṃ tānmātrikaṃ saṃsarati | śarīraṃ karaṇāni caitalliṅgam ity atrocyate | bhāvair adhivāsitam iti bhāvā dharmajñānavairāgyaiśvaryāṇi catvāraḥ sāttvikāḥ | viparītās tāmasāḥ | evam aṣṭau bhāvāḥ | tatra sandehaḥ | kiṃ liṅgaṃ pūrvotpannam, utasvid bhāvā iti | ucyate ---

na vinā bhāvair liṅgaṃ na vinā liṅgena bhāvanirvṛttiḥ /

(p.51) liṅgākhyo bhāvākhyas tasmād bhavati dvidhā sargaḥ // ISk_52 //

liṅgena vinā bhāvo na bhavati bhāvaiś ca vinā liṅgaṃ na bhavati | yathāgninā vinā noṣṇatvam uṣṇatvaṃ vinā nāgniḥ | evam etayor liṅgabhāvayor yugapadutpattiḥ, goviṣāṇavat, kumārīstanavat | yatra liṅgaṃ tatra bhāvā yatra bhāvās tatra liṅgam | tasmād ucyate --- liṅgākhyo bhāvākhyaḥ | liṅgena ākhyāyate sa liṅgākhyaḥ | bhāvair ākhyāyata iti bhāvākhyaḥ | tasmād dvidhā sargo bhavati jāyate // SkMv_52 //

atrāha --- kiṃ dvividha eva sargaḥ kiṃ tasmād anyas tṛtīyo 'py asti iti | atrocyate ---

aṣṭavikalpo daivas tairyagyonaś ca pañcadhā bhavati /
mānuṣyaś caikavidhaḥ samāsato bhautikaḥ sargaḥ // ISk_53 //

aṣṭavikalpo daiva iti | tad yathā --- brāhmaṃ prājāpatyam aindraṃ paitraṃ gāndharvaṃ yākṣaṃ rākṣasaṃ paiśācam ity evam aṣṭavidho devasargaḥ | tairyagyonaś ca pañcadhā bhavati | atra tulyaliṅgatvād bhavati paśupakṣimṛgasarīsṛpasthāvarāntaś ceti | mānuṣya ekavidhas tulyaliṅgatvād brāhmaṇāadicāṇḍālāntaḥ | samāsataḥ saṅkṣepeṇa trividho 'yaṃ bhūtamayaḥ sargaḥ | evaṃ caturdaśavidhaḥ // SkMv_53 //

atrāha --- eteṣu triṣu sthāneṣu kataro guṇa utkaṭatvena vartate ---

ūrdhvaṃ sattvaviśālas tamoviśālaś ca mūlataḥ sargaḥ /
madhye rajoviśālo brahmādistambaparyantaḥ // ISk_54 //

ūrdhvaṃ sattvaviśāla iti | brahmādipiśācānto yo 'ṣṭavidhaḥ sargaḥ | asau sattvabahulaḥ | yasmāt teṣu sattvam utkaṭatvena vartate | tatrāpi rajastamasī staḥ kiṃ tu sattvasyodriktatā | tasmāt sukhaprāyā devāḥ | tamoviśālaś ca mūlataḥ | paśvādiṣu tamasa udrekāt paśvādisthāvaraparyanto yasmāt teṣu tama utkaṭatvena vartate tatrāpi gauṇatayā sattvarajasī staḥ | tasmāt te tamobahulāḥ | madhye rajoviśālaḥ | tatrāpi sattvatamasī staḥ | kiṃ tu raja utkaṭatvena vartate | tasmāt te duḥkhaprāyā manuṣyāḥ | brahmādistambaparyantaḥ | caturvidha eṣa svedajāṇḍajādinā bhūtasargaḥ // SkMv_54 //

(p.52)

atrāha --- bhūtasarga utpanno bhāvasargaḥ sampanno liṅgasargaḥ sampanna iti yatra sargāḥ prādhānikā iti pradhānakāryaṃ samāptam iti | utpannās trayo lokāḥ pradhānaṃ coparatam utpādya lokān iti teṣu devamanuṣyatiryagyonigateṣu duḥkhaṃ ko 'nubhavati | kiṃ caturviṃśatitamaṃ pradhānam, āhosvit mahadāditrayoviṃśatikam, utasvit puruṣa iti? atrocyate ---

atra jarāmaraṇakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ /
liṅgasyāvinivṛttes tasmād duḥkhaṃ samāsena // ISk_55 //

atra triṣu lokeṣv iti | devaloke, manuṣyaloke, tiryagyonau ca jarāmaraṇakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ | tatra jarākṛtaṃ valīpalitair abhibhūtaḥ kāsaśvāsaiḥ parigṛhīto yaṣṭiviṣṭambhagāmī putrasnuṣādyabhibhūto yad duḥkham anubhavati taj jarākṛtam | maraṇakṛtam iti | aṣṭavidham aiśvaryam asti yat prāg abhihitam aṇimādi, daśa viṣayāḥ santi | devānāṃ pañcāviśeṣāḥ kevalasukharūpāḥ | manuṣyāṇāṃ saviśeṣās ta eva śabdādayaḥ sukhaduḥkhamohasampannāḥ | tanmaraṇapātāvasthāyāṃ yad duḥkham utpadyate tan maraṇakṛtam ity eva | evam etair duḥkhair antakāle ca janitaduḥkhāni sarvāṇi prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣa eva pradhānādīnām acetanatvāt | tasmāt tasyaiva vijñānitayā duḥkhaṃ na tu jaḍānāṃ pradhānādīnām | tarhi kiyantaṃ kālaṃ puruṣo duḥkham āpnoti | atrocyate --- liṅgasyāvinivṛtteḥ | yāvan mahadādiliṅgaṃ na nivartate tāvat kālaṃ puruṣo duḥkhabhoktā | tasmād duḥkhaṃ samāsena --- saṅkṣepeṇa prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ | yadā tu tat pratinivartate mahadādiliṅgaṃ jñānotpattyā tato mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | mokṣaṃ gatasya duḥkhaṃ nāsti | jñānena hi liṅgaṃ nivartate | yadā pratyekaṃ pradhānamahadahantanmātrendriyabhūtāny anyāni aham anya iti jñānaṃ tadā liṅgābhāvaḥ // SkMv_55 //

prakṛteḥ kiṃ nimittam ārabhya ity atrocyate ---

ity eṣa prakṛtikṛto mahadādiviṣayabhūtaparyantaḥ /
pratipuruṣavimokṣārthaṃ svārtha iva parārtha ārambhaḥ // ISk_56 //

(p.53)

ity eṣa prakṛtikṛta iti | evamādir yaḥ pūrvam upavarṇito liṅgasargo mahadādibhūtaparyantaḥ, eṣa prakṛtikṛta iti | atrāha --- evaṃ liṅgasargaḥ pradhānena kimarthaṃ kṛta iti? atrocyate --- pratipuruṣavimokṣārtham | puruṣaṃ puruṣaṃ prati vimokṣas tadarthaṃ pratipuruṣavimokṣārtham | devalokagatānām, manuṣyalokagatānām, tiryagyonigatānāṃ ca mokṣārtham ity arthaḥ | svārtha iva parārtha ārambhaḥ | svakīyo 'rthaḥ svārthaḥ | ivopamāyām | yathā kaścit svārtham iva mitrārthaṃ karoti tathā svārtham iva pradhānaṃ puruṣārthaṃ karoti | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhir ādir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir antaś ca | triṣu lokeṣu śabdādiviṣayaiḥ puruṣaṃ yojayati | ante ca guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhyā mokṣaṃ kurute // SkMv_56 //

atrāha --- uktaṃ bhagavatā pradhānaṃ svārtham iva parārtham ārabhate | atha ca tvayā pradhānam acetanam uktaṃ tat kathaṃ pravartate | acetanānām api pravṛttir dṛṣṭā, nivṛttiś ca |

vatsavivṛddhinimittaṃ kṣīrasya yathā pravṛttir ajñasya /
puruṣavimokṣanimittaṃ tathā pravṛttiḥ pradhānasya // ISk_57 //

yathā tṛṇodakaṃ gavā bhakṣitaṃ pītaṃ ca kṣīrabhāvena pariṇamati, vatsavṛddhiṃ karoti, puṣṭe vatse nivartate | evaṃ puruṣavimokṣanimittaṃ pradhānasyājñasya pravṛttiḥ // SkMv_57 //

autsukyanivṛttyarthaṃ yathā kriyāsu pravartate lokaḥ /
puruṣasya vimokṣārthaṃ pravartate tadvad avyaktam // ISk_58 //

yathā loka iṣṭaviṣayautsukye sati tasya nivṛttyarthaṃ kriyāsu gamanāgamanāsu pravartate kṛtakāryo nivartate | tathāvyaktaṃ puruṣasya vimokṣārthaṃ śabdādibhogalakṣaṇaṃ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhilakṣaṇaṃ dvividhaṃ puruṣārthaṃ kṛtvā nivartate // SkMv_58 //

kiñ cānyat ---

raṅgasya darśayitvā nivartate nartakī yathā nṛtyāt /
puruṣasya tathātmānaṃ prakāśya vinivartate prakṛtiḥ // ISk_59 //

yathā nartakī śṛṅgārādirasair hāvabhāvaiś ca nibaddhagītavāditranṛtyāni raṅgasya darśayitvā kṛtakāryā nṛtyān nivartate | evaṃ prakṛtir mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtabhāvena(p.54) devamānuṣatiryagrūpāsu yoniṣu sukhaduḥkhamohākṛtiḥ śāntaghoramūḍhaviṣayā satī ātmānaṃ puruṣasya prakāśya nivartate | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyām asau kevalaḥ puruṣo duḥkhatrayaṃ nānubhavati | yathā jalavāhakasya ghaṭābhāve tadādheyasyodakasyābhāvaḥ | tathā duḥkhābhāvaḥ | tato 'sau mokṣaṃ gacchati // SkMv_59 //

atrāha --- yathā nartakī nṛtyādibhir upāyair ātmānaṃ prakāśya raṅgād vinivartate, evaṃ prakṛtiḥ puruṣasya kair upāyair ātmānaṃ prakāśya vinivartate? atrocyate ---

nānāvidhair upāyair upakāriṇy anupakāriṇaḥ puṃsaḥ /
guṇavaty aguṇasya satas tasyārtham apārthakaṃ carati // ISk_60 //

nānāvidhair upāyaiḥ | śabdasparśādibhir upakartuṃ śīlam asyāḥ sā tathoktā | anupakāriṇaḥ puṃsaḥ | niṣkriyatvād iti yāvat | tasyopakāriṇī prakṛtis tasyopakṛtyāham anyā tvam anya iti nivartate (prakṛtiḥ) | kiṃ cānyat --- guṇavatī | sā sattvarajastamomayī | aguṇasya sataḥ | puṃsaḥ niṣkriyodāsīnāmūrtādilakṣaṇavattvāt | evam asya puṃso 'guṇasyāpi sataḥ (nityasya) seyaṃ guṇavatī artham apārthakaṃ carati | karoti | yathā kaścid anurakto mitrasuhṛttvam avalambya mitrārtham anuktam api pratyupakāram anapekṣya kurute | evaṃ pradhānaṃ puruṣasya dvividham api viṣayopalabdhimokṣātmakam arthaṃ kurute | pumān punaḥ pradhānasya kim api na pratyupakaroti | tat pradhānapuṃsoḥ śikhipicchavadekapakṣacitranyāyaḥ // SkMv_60 //

nivṛttā kiṃ karoty etad āha ---

prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ na kiñcid astīti me matir bhavati /
yā dṛṣṭāsmīti punar na darśanam upaiti puruṣasya // ISk_61 //

prakṛtir api pradhānam api kurute | yatheha snuṣā vrīḍayā svagṛhāntaḥ praviśati ato bravīti iyaṃ viśiṣṭatareti | evam iyaṃ prakṛtiḥ sukumāratarā | tasmāt prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ nānyad astīti | evaṃ puruṣasya paramātmano 'pi matir utpannā | nāstīti me matir bhavati | mameti puruṣa ātmānaṃ bravīti | tatra sukumārataratvaṃ varṇayati īśvaraḥ kāraṇam iti kecid ācāryā bravate | uktaṃ ca ---

"ajño jantur anīśo 'yam ātmanaḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ /
īśvaraprerito gacchet svargaṃ narakam eva vā" //

(mahābhārata 3 |31 |27)(p.55)

vedavādinaḥ punar itthaṃ kāraṇam āhuḥ | "puruṣa evedaṃ sarvam"(śvetāśvataropaniṣad 3 |15) ity ataḥ puruṣaṃ kāraṇam āhuḥ | apare svabhāvam āhuḥ | svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam iti | tathā hi ---

"yena śuklīkṛtā haṃsāḥ śukāś ca haritīkṛtāḥ /
mayūrāś citritā yena sa no vṛttiṃ vidhāsyati" //

(hitopadeśa 1 |183)

atra sāṅkhyā vadanti | īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ na bhavati | kasmāt, nirguṇatvāt | imāḥ saguṇāḥ prajāḥ | sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ, te ca prajāsu santi | tāṃś ca guṇān dṛṣṭvā sādhayāmaḥ | prakṛter imāḥ samutpannāḥ prajāḥ | yad īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ syāt tato nirguṇād īśvarān nirguṇā eva prajāḥ syuḥ | na caivam | tasmād īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ na bhavati | evaṃ puruṣo 'pi draṣṭavyaḥ | svabhāvo nāma na kaścit padārtho 'sti | yataḥ prajānām utpattisaṅgatiḥ syāt | tasmād yo brūte svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam iti tan mithyā | kecit kālaṃ kāraṇatayā varṇayanti ---

"kālaḥ sṛjati bhūtāni kālaḥ saṃharate prajāḥ / (mahābhārata 3 |13 |70 |57) kālaḥ supteṣu jāgarti tasmāt kālas tu kāraṇam" //

tad api sāṅkhyo nirākurute | kālo nāma na kaścit padārtho 'sti | vyaktam avyaktaṃ puruṣa iti traya eva padārthāḥ | tatra kālo 'ntarbhūtaḥ | evaṃ pradhānaṃ hitvā nāsty anyat kāraṇam | tatpradhānāvagamaṃ prati yadā puruṣasya samyagjñānam utpadyate tadā tena jñānena dṛṣṭā prakṛtiḥ puruṣasaṅgān nivartate | svairiṇīva puruṣeṇopalakṣitā | aye iyam asādhvī māṃ mohayati, tasmān na mamānayā kāryam itivat | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyāṃ mokṣaṃ gacchati | evam īśvarādīni akāraṇāni | sukumārataram ity etad vākyaśeṣaḥ kṛtaḥ | yasmāt sukumārataraṃ pradhānaṃ tasmād ucyate --- prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ na kiñcid astīti me matir bhavati | iti me puruṣasya | atrāha --- sā dṛṣṭā puruṣeṇa kathaṃ nivartate prakṛtiḥ | atrocyate --- yā dṛṣṭāsmīti punar na darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | yathā kācit kulastrī sādhvī svagṛhadvāri sthitā puruṣeṇa sahasaivāgatena dṛṣṭā sahasaivaṃ vrīḍamānā tvaritaṃ gṛhaṃ praviṣṭā sā evaṃ matvā dṛṣṭāham aneneti na punar darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | evaṃ prakṛtiḥ paramātmanā puruṣeṇa jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā savrīḍā kulastrīvan na punar darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyāṃ puruṣo mokṣaṃ gacchati // SkMv_61 //

(p.56)

atrāha --- loke śiṣṭā vadanti puruṣo baddhaḥ, puruṣo muktaḥ, puruṣaḥ saṃsarati | atrocyate ---

tasmān na badhyate nāpi mucyate nāpi saṃsarati kaścit /
saṃsarati badhyate mucyate ca nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ // ISk_62 //

puruṣo na badhyate sarvagatatvāt, avikāratvāt, niṣkriyatvāt, akartṛtvāt | yasmān na badhyate tasmān na mucyate | mukta eva saḥ | abaddhaḥ kuto mucyate | kasyābhuktena visūcī bhavati | na saṃsarati sarvagatatvāt | sarvagatasya bandhamokṣau kutaḥ | anadhigataprāpaṇārthaṃ saṃsaraṇam ity upadiśyate | tena ca sunipuṇaṃ sarvaṃ prāptam | puruṣaṃ na vidanti ye ta evaṃ vadanti | puruṣo baddhaḥ, puruṣo muktaḥ, puruṣaḥ saṃsarati | atrāha --- yadi puṃso bandhamokṣasaṃsaraṇāni na syuḥ tarhi kasya bhavanti | tad ucyate --- saṃsarati badhyate mucyate ca nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ | prakṛtir ātmānaṃ badhnāti, mocayati, saṃsarati ca | yat tat sargādau sūkṣmaṃ śarīraṃ tānmātrikaṃ prāg uktaṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ trividhena bandhena baddhaṃ saṃsarati | sa ca bandhas trividhaḥ pūrvam ākhyātaḥ | tad eva sūkṣmaśarīram utpanne jñāne tridhā bandhān mucyate | tasmān mucyate badhyate saṃsarati nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ | nānāśrayā devamanuṣyatiryakśarīrabhūtety arthaḥ | evaṃ yat pradhānaṃ tat sūkṣmaṃ śarīraṃ tat pradhānaṃ prakṛtir ity anarthāntaram | tatra yaḥ puṃso bandhamokṣasaṃsaraṇāni brūte sa mūḍhaḥ // SkMv_62 //

atrāha --- sā prakṛtiḥ kair guṇair ātmānaṃ bandhayati, kair vā mocayatīti? atrocyate ---

rūpaiḥ saptabhir evaṃ badhnāty ātmānam ātmanā prakṛtiḥ /
saiva ca puruṣasyārthaṃ prati vimocayaty ekarūpeṇa // ISk_63 //

saptabhī rūpair iyam evaṃ prakṛtir dharmādibhir vinā jñānam ātmanātmānaṃ badhnāti | saiva ca prakṛtiḥ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ prati, ekarūpeṇa jñānenātmānaṃ vimocayati // SkMv_63 //

(p.57)

katham taj jñānam utpadyate ---

evaṃ tattvābhyāsān nāsmi na me nāham ity apariśeṣam /
aviparyayād viśuddhaṃ kevalam utpadyate jñānam // ISk_64 //

evam iti | yathā, etāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni puruṣādyāni bhūtaparyantāni teṣām abhyāsas tattvābhyāsaḥ | abhyāsenaiva tattvadarśanam | tasmād abhyāsāt puruṣasya buddhir utpadyate | nāsmi tattvāni, na me tattvāni, nāhaṃ tattvānām, kiṃ tu prādhānikāny etāni | tasmāj jñānam utpadyata evamādi | apariśeṣaṃ niravaśeṣam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ cānyat (jñānaṃ yasmād āha) --- aviparyayāt | viparyayaḥ saṃśayas tadviparīto 'viparyayas tasmād aviparyayād asaṃśayād yathābhūtārthadarśanād viśuddham niravadyam avyāmiśraṃ kevalaṃ jñānam utpadyate prādurbhavati | kiṃ jñānam? guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpam ity arthaḥ // SkMv_64 //

atrāha --- tena jñānena puruṣaḥ kiṃ karoti | atrocyate ---

tena nivṛttaprasavām arthavaśāt saptarūpavinivṛttām /
prakṛtiṃ paśyati puruṣaḥ prekṣakavad avasthitaḥ svasthaḥ // ISk_65 //

yathā kaścit prekṣako raṅgasthito gītavāditranṛtyādibhir vartamānāṃ nartakīṃ svastho nirvikalpaḥ paśyati | evaṃ puruṣa ātmakṛtena jñānena tāsu tāsv avasthāsu vartamānāṃ prakṛtiṃ paśyati --- iyaṃ sā prakṛtir yā sarvapurāṇam ātmānaṃ badhnāti | prekṣakavat prekṣakeṇa tulyaḥ svasthaḥ svasmin bhāve sthitaḥ | kiṃbhūtāṃ prakṛtim? nivṛttaprasavām | nivṛttabuddhyahaṅkārakāryām | arthavaśāt saptarūpavinivṛttām | nirvarttitobhayapuruṣaprayojanavaśād yaiḥ saptabhī rūpair dharmādibhir ātmānaṃ badhnāti tebhyo rūpebhyo vinivṛttām | yāvaj jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā prakṛtiḥ puruṣeṇa tathā ca pumān dṛṣṭaḥ // SkMv_65 //

atrāha --- jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭvā prakṛtiṃ puruṣaḥ kiṃ karoti? atrocyate ---

dṛṣṭā mayety upekṣaka eko dṛṣṭāham ity uparatānyā /

(p.58) sati saṃyoge 'pi tayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti sargasya // ISk_66 //

yathemāṃ raṅgagatāṃ nartakīṃ sarvāsv avasthāsu vartamānāṃ dṛṣṭvā viramati raṅgāt prekṣakaḥ dṛṣṭā mayety upekṣaka ekaḥ kevalaḥ śuddhaḥ puruṣaḥ | tathā prakṛtir api --- "anenāhaṃ dṛṣṭā" iti nivṛttā | ekā trailokyasyāpi pradhānakāraṇabhūtā na dvitīyā prakṛtir asti | nartaky api --- "aham anena dṛṣṭā" ity uparamate nṛtyāt, evaṃ puruṣo 'pi "dṛṣṭā mayeyaṃ jñānacakṣuṣā prakṛtiḥ" iti prekṣakavad uparamate mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | tathā prakṛtir api dṛṣṭāham aneneti svavyāpārād uparamaty eva | atrāha --- puṃprakṛtyoḥ sarvagatatvāt sarvaniṣedho na śakyate vaktum | tad asya saṃsārasargasya vinivṛttir eva | tat katham idaṃ sādhanaṃ samīcīnam iti | atrocyate --- sati saṃyoge 'pi tayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti sargasyeti | yady api pradhānapuruṣayoḥ sarvagatayoḥ saṃyogo bhavaty eva | tasmiṃś ca sati sargasambhavas tathāpi nāsau sargaḥ syāt prayojanābhāvāt | yasmāt pradhānasya puruṣārthā pravṛttiḥ | sa ca puruṣārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhir ādir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir antaś ca | brahmādisthāvarānteṣu puruṣaḥ śabdādibhir viṣayair yojayitavyaḥ | ante ca guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhyā mokṣayitavyaḥ | evaṃ puruṣadarśanārthaṃ samprayogaḥ kṛtaḥ | evaṃ prakṛtipuruṣayos tayoḥ śarīrotpattir nāsti punaḥ ṛṇikadhāriṇakavad yatheha loke ṛṇikadhāriṇakau uttamādhamarṇau devadattayajñadattau yo 'smin ṛṇaṃ dhārayati sa uttamarṇas tenādhamarṇāktaḥ --- "ṛṇaṃ me dehī" iti | tatas tena taddattam | tatas tau kṛtaprayojanau parasparam arthena santyaktāv atha tayor bhūyaḥ saṃyogo bhavati | tathāpi nārthakṛtyaṃ prayojanābhāvāt | yathā vā vṛddhasaṃyogād apatyaṃ na bhavati, prayojanābhāvāt | tathā pradhānapuruṣayoḥ kṛtaprayojanayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāstīti siddham // SkMv_66 //

kiñ cānyat, yadi puruṣasyotpanne jñāne mokṣas tarhi mama kasmān na bhavati | ata ucyate ---

samyagjñānādhigamād dharmādīnām akāraṇaprāptau /
tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāc cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ // ISk_67 //

yadā puruṣeṇa pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam adhigataṃ bhavati tadā dharmādīny akāraṇāni prāptāni punarjanmasamarthāni na bhavanti | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ --- yatheha (p.89) loke bījāny agnidagdhāni na prarohasamarthāni bhavanti | dharmo yeṣām ādis tāni dharmādīni teṣām akāraṇānāṃ prāptir akāraṇaprāptiḥ | tathā satyāṃ punarjanma na bhavati | atrāha --- yadi samyagjñānān mokṣo bhavati tatrācāryasyopadeṣṭuḥ samyagjñānam utpannaṃ kimarthaṃ mokṣaṃ na gato 'sti, atha vā tvatprasādāt tajjñānaṃ mamāpi sañjātaṃ kim ahaṃ mokṣaṃ na gacchāmi | atrocyate --- tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāt | saṃskāro nāma dharmādharmau nimittaṃ kṛtvā śarīrotpattir bhavati tiryaṅmanuṣyadevādiṣu | tasya saṃskāreṇa grahaṇam | sa ca saṃskāraḥ phalam adattvā kṣayaṃ na gacchati, utpannajñānasyāpi tasmād idaṃ śarīraṃ vināśaṃ yāsyati | tannimittābhāvād idaṃ śarīraṃ patiṣyati | yathā ca vidvān mokṣaṃ yāsyati | tasmāt hetor utpannajñānasyāpi dharmādharmavaśāt tiṣṭhati śarīram | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? atrocyate --- cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ | yathā kulālaś cakraṃ bhramayati ghaṭaṃ kariṣyāmīti | sa kulālo ghaṭaṃ kṛtvā yathā svastho bhavati, avatiṣṭhate | yasmiṃś cāvatiṣṭhamāne cakraṃ bhramaty eva | saṃskāravaśāt --- karmavaśād ity arthaḥ | evam eva pūrvakṛtayor dharmādharmayor balavattvād durbalatvāj jñānasya, utpanne 'pi jñāne vidvāṃs tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāc cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ // SkMv_67 //

atrāha --- utpannajñānaḥ phalanirapekṣaṃ karma nirbījaṃ kurvan na deham ārabhate, ārabdhaphalaṃ yāvat janmadāyi "nābhuktaṃ kṣīyate karma" "avaśyam eva bhoktavyaṃ kṛtam" iti kṣapayan, anārabdhaphaleṣu "yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gniḥ(bhagavadgītā 4 |37)" iti parihāreṇa bhasmīkaraṇam | evaṃ karmaṇāṃ dhvaṃse, utpanne jñāne 'pi kadā vidvān mokṣaṃ gacchatīti? atrocyate ---

prāpte śarīrabhede caritārthatvāt pradhānavinivṛttau /
aikāntikam ātyantikam ubhayaṃ kaivalyam āpnoti // ISk_68 //

tad evaṃ sati śarīrabhede dehanāśe prāpta āyāta ity arthaḥ | caritārthatvāt | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ (śābdātmikaḥ) pūrvam uktaḥ | tasyārthasya caritārthatvāt kṛtvety arthaḥ | pradhānavinivṛttau | yadā pūrvakṛtayor dharmādharmayoḥ kṣayo bhavati tadā śarīraṃ bhidyate | tasmiṃś ca śarīre bhinne pūrvoktena jñānena śarīraṃ pradhānākhyaṃ kāraṇam aviśeṣamayaṃ tānmātrikaṃ sargādāv utpannaṃ tan nivartate | iha śarīre yat pārthivaṃ tat prthivīṃ praviśati | evam anyad anyeṣu praviśati | evaṃ sthūlaṃ śarīraṃ pañcadhā bhidyate | pradhānaṃ ca kṛtaprayojanaṃ bhūyo 'nyat(p.60) śarīraṃ dvitīyaṃ nārabhate viduṣaḥ | evam ayaṃ vidvān tasmin śarīre bhinne --- aikāntikam ātyantikam ubhayaṃ kaivalyam āpnoti | aikāntikam avaśyambhāvitvād ātyantikam apunarāvṛttitvāt sarvathety arthaḥ | na tv auṣadhādivat kādācitkaroganivṛttivat | na ca nivṛtte roge punaḥ sambhaved ity ubhayodāharaṇam aikāntikātyantikayoḥ | ittham ekāntātyantas tāpatrayasyābhāvād uparamād anutpatteḥ kaivalyaṃ mokṣa ity arthaḥ | tam āpnoti // SkMv_68 //

atrāha --- kiṃprayojanam idaṃ jñānam ucyate | atrocyate ---

puruṣārthajñānam idaṃ guhyaṃ paramarṣiṇā samākhyātam /
sthityutpattipralayāś cintyante yatra bhūtānām // ISk_69 //

yaś cāsau puruṣārtho mokṣas tadarthaṃ puruṣavimokṣārthaṃ jñānam idam iti | yad etat pūrvavarṇitaṃ jñānaṃ etad guhyaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ | paramarṣiṇā kapilena samākhyātaṃ kathitam ity arthaḥ | atrāha --- asmin jñāne ke 'rthāś cintyante | atrocyate --- sthityutpattipralayāḥ tatra devādīnām aṣṭau sthānāni bhavanti | mānuṣyaṃ caikavidham, bhūloke pañcavidhaṃ tairyagyonam | eṣu sthāneṣu brahmādīni tiryagyoniparyantāni tiṣṭhanti | eṣā sthitiḥ | utpattiṃ prādurbhāvaṃ pradhānān mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyamahābhūtānīty utpattiḥ | evaṃ bhūtotpattir bhāvotpattiś ca vyākhyātā | layaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ --- bhūtāni tanmātreṣu līyante, tānīndriyeṣu, indriyāṇi līyante cāhaṅkāre, sa buddhau, sā pradhāne layaṃ gacchati | pradhānaṃ tu kvacin na līyate 'vikṛtatvāt | evaṃ pralayaḥ // SkMv_69 //

atrāha --- yad etad bhagavatā vyākhyātaṃ pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam, tasya kuta āgama iti? atrocyate ---

etat pavitryam agryaṃ munir āsuraye 'nukampayā pradadau /
āsurir api pañcaśikhāya tena ca bahulīkṛtaṃ tantram // ISk_70 //

(p.61)

etat vijñānam adhikurute | etat pavitraṃ, kathaṃ pavitram? | yasmān narakapretatiryagyoniṣu patanāt trāyate tasmāt pavitram | agryaṃ śraiṣṭhyāt | vedapurāṇabhāratam anvādibhyo 'pi dharmaśāstrebhya etat pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam uttamam | kasmāt? aikāntikatvāt, ātyantikatvāc ca | ato duḥkhābhāvaś ca | munir bhagavān kapilaḥ āsurisagotrāya brāhmaṇāya varṣasahasrayājine 'dhikāritām avagamya (asmai) pradadau | tadanukampayā tadvimokṣārtham | andhe tamasy ajñāne 'yaṃ tapasvī vartata ity utpannayānukampayā | munir mananāt | bhagavān bhūtānāṃ gatim āgatiṃ ca vidann anati calatīti bhagavān kapilaḥ | pratyupakārānapekṣasarvopakārī suhṛd ity artham avalambyovāca | tad eva jñānaṃ bhūya āsurisagotro 'nukampayā pañcaśikhāya provāca | pañcaśikhena tena bahudhākṛtaṃ tantram | bahūnāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ pradattam // SkMv_70 //

tantram iti vyākhyāyate | "tama eva khalv idam agra āsīt"(maitryupaniṣad 5 |2) | tasmiṃs tamasi kṣetrajño 'bhivartate prathamam | tama iti ucyate prakṛtiḥ, puruṣaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ | ṣaṣṭipadārthā yasmin śāstre tantryante tat ṣaṣṭitantram | ṣaṣṭitantraṃ jñātvā kuśalaḥ kileśvarakṛṣṇanāmā | tena īśvarakṛṣṇena vistaragranthagrahaṇabhīruṇā hitārthaṃ ṣaṣṭitantram atisaṅkṣiptam | tad āha ---

śiṣyaparamparayāgatam īśvarakṛṣṇena caitad āryābhiḥ /
saṅkṣiptam āryamatinā samyag vijñāya siddhāntam // ISk_71 //

śiṣyaparamparayāgatam iti | kapilād āsuriṇā prāptam idaṃ jñānam | tataḥ pañcaśikhena, tasmād bhārgavolūkavālmīkihārītadevalaprabhṛtīn āgatam | tatas tebhya īśvarakṛṣṇena prāptam | tad eva ṣaṣṭitantram āryābhiḥ saṅkṣiptam āryamatinā vistīrṇamatinā samyag vijñāya siddhāntam kāryakāraṇasiddhasya śarīrasyānto 'punarbhāvo mokṣas tasya tādātmyam ity arthaḥ | tatisiddhasya śarīrasya sūkṣmasya tānmātrikasya sargādibhavasyānto mūrtināśa iti vā | eṣa ṣaṣṭitantra iti tātparyam // SkMv_71 //

saptatyāṃ kila yo 'rthās te 'rthāḥ kṛtsnasya ṣaṣṭitantrasya /
ākhyāyikāvirahitāḥ paravādavivarjitāś ceti // ISk_72 //

(p.62)

ye ṣaṣṭitantre padārthā abhihitās te saptatyāṃ vyākhyātāḥ kathitāḥ | ṣaṣṭitbhedāḥ prāg vyākhyātāḥ | "bhedas tamaso 'ṣṭavidha" iti āryāyāṃ "pañca viparyayabhedā" ity atra cābhihitā ity ete pañcāśat pratyayāḥ ime cānye daśa maulikāḥ | tathā hi ---

astitvam ekatvam athārthavattvaṃ pārārthyam anyatvam atho nivṛttiḥ /
yogo viyogo bahavaḥ pumāṃsaḥ sthitiḥ śarīrasya ca śeṣavṛttiḥ //

tatra "bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt" ity etaiḥ pañcabhir hetubhiḥ pradhānāstitvam ekatvam arthavattvaṃ ca siddham | "saṅghātaparārthatvāt" iti parārthatvam uktam | "janmamaraṇakaraṇānām" iti puruṣabahutvaṃ siddham | "cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīra" iti sthitiḥ siddhā, ete daśa, "pañca viparyayāḥ" aṣṭāviṃśatidhā aśaktiḥ, navadhā tuṣṭiḥ aṣṭadhā siddhir iti pañcāśat | ubhayaṃ militvā ṣaṣṭipadārthāḥ ṣaṣṭitantre | tantryante vyutpādyante padārthā iti tantram | ṣaṣṭipadārthānāṃ tantram iti saṅgatiḥ | ākhyāyikāvirahitāḥ paravādavivarjitāś ceti | pareṇa saha vādaḥ paravādaḥ tena varjitāś ca | iti parisamāptam iti // SkMv_72 //

atrāha --- katham etad alpagranthaṃ śāstraṃ kṛtsnasya vācakaṃ bhaviṣyati? atrocyate ---

tasmāt samāsadṛṣṭaṃ śāstram idaṃ nārthataś ca parihīnam /
tantrasya ca bṛhanmūrter darpaṇasaṅkrāntam iva bimbam // ISk_73 //

yasmāt ṣaṣṭitantram iti hetuḥ | samāsadṛṣṭaṃ saṅkṣepato grantham ity arthaḥ | śāstram iti | śāsyate yenotpathād iti śāstram | tīrthodakamahatphalam | kartā bhoktā bhojyaṃ mokṣaś cātra cintyate | atha duḥkhānāṃ śāsanāt śāstram | idam --- imāṃ saptatiṃ darśayati | nārthataś ca parihīnam | ṣaṣṭipadārthavicāraṇāyām(p.63) ahīnam ity arthaḥ | tantrasyeti | yathā svalpe 'pi darpaṇe mahato rūpasya nirūpaṇaṃ syāt | evam alpaśāstre ṣaṣṭitantrasya kṛtsnasyāpi vyaktir abhihitety arthaḥ // SkMv_73 //

ity ācāryeśvarakṛṣṇaproktāyāḥ sāṅkhyasaptatyā vṛttir ācāryamāṭharakṛtiḥ samāptā | (p.64)