Pratyaksalaksana text of Tarkarahasya
Based on the edition by YAITA, Hideomi: Tarkarahasya kenyū (I).
Journal of Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies No. 12 (1988), 82-98.


Provided by Helmut Krasser, Wien



Y I = Yaita ed.

M = manuscript

Sh = P. Shastri (ed.), Tarkarahasya, Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series, No. 20, Patna, 1979.



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anusvara ṃ
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[M16a, Sh33] [1] tatra pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍham abhrāntam, abhilāpasaṃsargayogyapratibhāsatvārthakriyāsamarthaviparītākāratvarahitam.[2]


__________NOTES__________

[1] Y I: 82.
[2] Cf. NB I s. 4-6; PVin I 40, 1-9; PVinT 44b1-5; NBT 41, 5-42,2.
___________________________



                 ālocanājñānaṃ nirvikalpakam, tataḥ paraṃ jātyādiyojanātmakaṃ savikalpakam.[3]


__________NOTES__________

[3] Cf. ŚV IV 112ab, 120; TS 1285, 1287; TBh 12, 6-7; VR 44, 10-12.
___________________________


avyapadeśyam avikalpakaṃ vyavasāyātmakam.[4]aparam,


__________NOTES__________

[4] Cf. NS 1, 1, 4; TR 43, 20-21; VR 44, 10.
___________________________



                  "na so'sti pratyayo loke yaḥ śabdānugamād ṛte/
                  anuviddham[5]iva jñānaṃ sarvaṃ śabdena bhāsate[6]//"[7]


__________NOTES__________

[5] Sh anubiddham.
[6] M bhāṣate.
[7] = VP I 131. Cf. PVinT 50a8-b4, 53b4-6.
___________________________



iti[8]nyāyāt sarvam eva śabdānuviddham, iti bhāṭṭa[9]śaivavaiyākaraṇāḥ[10].


__________NOTES__________

[8] M ito.
[9] M bhaṭṭa-.
[10] Cf. TRD 76, 4: "naiyāyikamatasya śaivaśāsanasya..."
___________________________



puruṣapravṛttyaṅgaṃ hi pramāṇam[11], tadaṅgatā ca saṃgatā tasya[12]vikalpakatvenaiva. na, arthasāmarthyena samudbhavāt.[13]tatrārthaḥ[14]pṛthivyādibhūtacatuṣṭayam. tatra pṛthvī[15]


__________NOTES__________

[11] Cf. PV II 3: dhīpramāṇatā pravṛttes tatpradhānatvād; PVinT97a4f.
[12] Sh saṅgatā tvasya.
[13] Cf. PVin I 40, 10-11 (v. 4cd).
[14] Sh na cārthaḥ.
[15] Sh pṛvivī.
___________________________



mahāsanniveśavatī mṛd[16]rūparasagandhakaṭhinasparśādisvabhāvā, tatpradeśaviṣayasamudbhūtāś ca pāṣāṇaśoṇamaṇiveṇuvīraṇaprabhṛtayaḥ. evam āpaḥ[17]


__________NOTES__________

[16] M & Sh mṛt/.
[17] M āpa.
___________________________



śuklamadhuraśītadravasvabhāvāḥ sarasvatsaritsaraḥprabhṛtibhiḥ svabhāvair vivartante, kārakādikaṃ[18]ca tatkāryam. evam uṣṇeraṇasparśarūpaśabdasvabhāvo vahnyādiko[19][20]'pi.


__________NOTES__________

[18] Sh karakā-.
[19] Sh bahny-.
[20] Y I: 83.
___________________________



tasyālambanapratyayatvena[21]janyaṃ pāṣāṇādyākārajñānaṃ[22]niyamitapratibhāsatayā śabdasaṃsargāyogyam.


__________NOTES__________

[21] M -pratyakṣayatvena; Sh -pratyakṣayatnena.
[22] Sh -rakajñā-.
___________________________



                  kathan [Sh34] dharmidharmābhidhānārthakriyāyojanā[M16b]yāṃ[23]yogyaṃ[24]pravartakam iti cet,


__________NOTES__________

[23] Sh kiṃ khalu --- sādharmyābhidhānā-.
[24] M & Sh -yām ayogyaṃ.
___________________________



                                    taddṛṣṭāv eva dṛṣṭeṣu saṃvitsāmarthyabhāvinaḥ[25]/
                                    smaraṇād abhilāṣeṇa vyavahāraḥ pravartate//[26]


__________NOTES__________

[25] M -rthyaṃbhāvi-.
[26]  = PVin I v. 18.Cf. TR 12,3-23.
___________________________



na vikalpakam[27]apy adhyakṣam[28]. svalpakālāvasthitatvena nirodhanād[29] ūrdhvasvabalotpannavyavahāro smārtavikalpam[30]apekṣate. tad evam tadutpannam.


__________NOTES__________

[27] Sh savikalpa-.
[28] M apyakṣadhyakṣaṃ.
[29] Or nirodhād ?. M nirodhānād ; Sh nidhānād.
[30] M -hārakasmārtta- ; Sh -hārakarmāt tu vika-.
___________________________



nirvikalpake'py astu vyavahārakam. tataś ca jñānair eva parasparam ālocy eva vyavahāryavyahārakair upadarśakopadarśyamānavyavasthā yādṛśī sthāpitā, kevalam anuvadāmas tādṛśīm aparavyutpattaye.


                  tasmiṃś ca vikalpe'vidyānubhavavāsanopanīte[31][32]dravyam, tadāśritāś ca jātyādayo 'vidyābalena kalpitāḥ. kutaś cid anubhavasambandhāś ca saṃsthānopādhipāṣāṇarūparasādisvabhāvā[33]vibhāvyante. dravyādāv upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptānupalabdhatvena bādhanād avidyātvam. upalambhasambhāvitatvāc[34] ca rūpāder arthakatvam[35][36], tato dravyāder apūrvārthatve'py anarthatvād aprāmāṇyam. rūpādau gṛhītagrahaṇāt smārtatvam.[37] na cāprasiddhaviśeṣyādikaṃ[38]durmativispanditam.


__________NOTES__________

[31] M & Sh -nubhavavyasano-. (Cf. TR 39,1-2; 43,4: avidyānubhavavāsanā-)
[32] Cf. PV I 68-91, 205; PVSV 42, 13-18; 50, 17-20.
[33] Cf. NBT 41, 5-42,2. Cf. TBh 66, 11f.
[34] M & Sh -bhavita-.
[35] M arthakaṃtvaṃ.
[36] Cf. PVSV ad PV I 215; PV III 6.
[37] Cf. HB* 2, 20-3,16.
[38] M -siddharaviśe- ; Sh -siddhe viśe.
___________________________



sādharmyādidṛgapekṣāyāṃ hi tathālakṣitaṃ rajataśuktivat.[39]


__________NOTES__________

[39] Cf. PV III 360, 362.
___________________________



                 [40]astīyam api yā tv antarupaplavasamudbhavā[41]//
                  doṣodbhavā[42]prakṛtyā sā vitathapratibhāsinī/
                  ana[M17a]pekṣitasādharmyadṛgādi taimirādivat[43]//[44]


__________NOTES__________

[40] Y I: 84.
[41] M antarūpa-.
[42] M & Sh -bhavāt.
[43] M -distaimi- ; Sh -di sauṣirā-.
[44]  = PV III 361cd-362 = PVin I 53cd-54.Cf. PVSV 50, 17f.
___________________________



                  ekaṃ dharmiṇam uddiśya nānādharmasamāśrayam/
                  vidhāv ekasya tadbhājam ivānyeṣām[45]upekṣakam//


__________NOTES__________

[45] M -nyaiṣām.
___________________________


                  niṣedhe tadviviktañ ca tadanyeṣām apekṣakam/
                  [Sh35] vyavahāram asatyārthaṃ prakalpayati dhīr yathā//

                  taṃ tathaivāvikalpyārthabhedāśrayam[46]upāgatāḥ/
                  anādivāsanodbhūtaṃ bādhante'rthaṃ na laukikam//[47]


__________NOTES__________

[46] Sh -vikalpārtha" bhe-.
[47] = PV IV 232-4 = PVin II v.23-25 (= 24-26. Cf. Ch. Lindtner, Marginalia to Dharmakīrti's Pramāṇaviniścaya I-II, WZKS 28, 1984). Cf. PVin II-2 p. 43.
___________________________


 yady ayam avidyāvirbhūtadravyādivivarto vikalpaḥ, katham akhilajantusantānasambhavī, kathañ ca mahadbhir api śāstrakṛdbhir anuvartitaḥ, kathañ ca bhavatām api pratipadyāpy avidyātvaṃ tathaiva dravyādivyavahārābhiniveśaḥ. niyatasvalakṣaṇapratibhāsajanitatvāt sarvasantānasambhavī, svalakṣaṇasyaiva dravyāditvena pratyākalanāt. tatprāptau tadarthakriyāpratilambhe samāptatvād abhilāṣasya[48]bādhakānavadhānam.


__________NOTES__________

[48] M abhilāsasya; Sh abhilāpasya.
___________________________



 śāstrakārair api vikalpapratyayasyaiva sukhakāṅkṣadbhis[49]tathaiva vyavasthāpitam-


__________NOTES__________

[49] Sh svargaṃkāṅ-.
___________________________



                                    vikalpavyavahāreṣu samānau bālapaṇḍitau/[50]


__________NOTES__________

[50] Cf. Tattvopaplavasiṃha (E. Franco, "Perception, Knowledge and Disbelief", Stuttgart, 1987), p. 68, 7: "lokavyavahāraṃ prati sādṛśau bālapaṇḍitau"; Traikālyaparīkṣā (Dignāga), v. 4 (= VP III-3-55) cd: jñānaṃ praty abhilāsaṃ ca sādṛśaṃ bālapaṇḍitau".
___________________________



kevalaṃ bādhitatvavyavasāyāt paṇḍitas taditaro bālaḥ. mokṣākāṅkṣayā pratikṣaṇakṣīṇatām abhilakṣya "pratyakṣasya parīkṣitaṃ sākṣātkaraṇaṃ[51]dravyādikaṃ prati nāstī"ty ākhyātam.


__________NOTES__________

[51] Sh -karaśaṃ.
___________________________



śāstrakārāṇām apy artheṣv atrā[M17b]nyāviparītasvabhāvopasaṃhārasambhavāt. śāstraṃ [52] hi mohanivartanam[53]ārabdham. sthūlaparāmarśād[54]vyāmohaḥ, sa ca sūkṣmāvāntaraparāmarśād[55] apasarati.


__________NOTES__________

[52] M om. ḥ.
[53]   Cf. TR 11, 2: "śāstraṃ mohanivartanam"; 11, 13-14: "vyāmohāpohayarabdham eva śastram".
[54] Y I: 85.
[55] Sh -marśad.
___________________________



  yathā rūpam iti cakṣurvijñānajanakatvena saṅketaḥ kṛtaḥ evaṃ svagrāhīndriyajñānāpekṣayā rasādike'pi vākyam[56]. tato ghaṭapaṭapaṅkapallavādiṣu tadanyavyāvṛttena rūpeṇa rūpādayo 'bhinnāḥ[57]vyavahriyante. vyavahārahetur ekapratyavamarśapratyayaḥ, ekasya pratyava[Sh36]marśa[58]ekatvāropī[59]pratyavamarśa ity arthaḥ. sa cāpy avidyāvaśād[60] ekatvāropī. tadbalāt sāmānyaṃ kalpayanti, arūpādirūpasāmānyānupalambhāntaraparāmarśāt[61][62] tanniṣedhaḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[56] Sh vācyam.
[57] M om. ḥ.
[58] Sh -marśaḥ.
[59] M -āroropī.
[60] M & Sh cāpi vidyā-.
[61] Sh svarūpā-.
[62] Cf. TR 38, 11: "dravyam arūpādirūpam"; NC 780, 2: "na sāmānyākhyaḥ, arūpāditvāt, khapuṣpavat".
___________________________



                                   ekapratyavamarśārthajñānādyekārthasādhane/
                                   bhede'pi niyatāḥ kecit svabhāvenendriyādivat//[63]


__________NOTES__________

[63] = PV I 73.
___________________________



tadatadvibhāgo'pi tadekaparāmarśabahulena sakṛd upapadyate. ataś[64]ca vānyonyāśrayaṇam api nāśrayaṇīyam.


__________NOTES__________

[64] Sh ata evānyo-.
___________________________



   dṛśyavikalpyāv[65]arthāv ekīkṛtya vyavahārapravṛtter[66]visaṃvādaś[67] ca. dṛśyaḥ sphuṭatvena gṛhyamāṇaḥ, pūrvatayā pratīyamāno vikalpyaḥ[68]. kaḥ punar asau, ubhayathāpi nīla evaikībhūto'rthaḥ. sa cāsphuṭo nīlo'rthakriyāvirahalakṣaṇabādhakapramāṇena.


__________NOTES__________

[65] M & Sh -vikalpāv.
[66] VR 55, 16-17; 73, 25. Cf. PVSV 39, 7-8: "te tu..... dṛśyavikalpyāv arthāv ekīkṛtya pravartante". TUS p. 92; 93: "dṛśyavikalypāv arthāv ekikṛtya tadadhyavasāyena pravartante". Cf. J 226, 24-25; R 137, 3f.
[67] M & Sh -vṛtteravisaṃ-.
[68] Sh vikalpaḥ.
___________________________



"paramārthānyavyā[M18a]vṛttisvabhāvo'poha[69]" ity ucyate. etena svavāgvirodho'pi pratyākhyātaḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[69] Cf. TR 37, 7: "ādyāpoho'nyavyāvṛttir".
___________________________



                                   "naimittikyāḥ śruter artham arthaṃ vā pāramārthikam[70]/
                                   śabdānāṃ pratirundhāno na bādhyas[71]tena varṇitaḥ//"[72]


__________NOTES__________

[70] M pārapāramārthi-.
[71] Sh bādhyante (na varṇṇitaḥ). M (print !) not clear.
[72] = PV IV 128 = PVin III v.28. Cf. T. Tani, "The Problem of Interpretation on Pramāṇaviniścaya III ad vv. 28-29" (The Bulletin of the Kochi National College of Technology, No. 29, 1988).
___________________________



iti nyāyāt. tathaikapratyavamarśaniyame[73]


__________NOTES__________

[73] M & Sh tathā eka-.
___________________________



vācakaliṅgasambandhasāmānyasāmānādhikaraṇyādivyavahārā[74][75]jñātavyāḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[74] Sh -vahārāj.
[75] Cf. PV I 85-86; PVSV 42, 5-43, 11.
___________________________



                                   [76]vicchedaṃ sūcayann[77]ekam apratikṣipya vartate/
                                    yadānyaṃ tena sa vyāpta ekatvena ca bhāsate//


__________NOTES__________

[76] Y I: 86.
[77] Sh sūtrayann.
___________________________



sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ[78]syāt tadā buddhyanurodhataḥ/[79]


__________NOTES__________

[78] M sāmānyanādhika-.
[79]  = PV I 131-132ab.
___________________________



  [Sh37]anyathā nīlotpalādiśabdānāṃ guṇajātyādibhedād anekārthatvenaikatropasaṃhārābhāvān[80]na sāmānādhikaraṇyam, nāpi viṣayatve[81]'py ekatropasaṃhāras[82]tannimittānām ekatra samavāyād iti cet, āyāsevat[83]vivartate svapakṣanirvāhanirbandhenāndham-bhaviṣṇuḥ paraḥ. param ayam anupalambho bhūyiṣṭhadauṣṭaryaniṣṭhyūtaparānurodhaḥ[84]paripanthī. tataś cādyāpoho[85] 'nyavyāvṛttir[86][87]ekapratyavamarśaviṣayo[88]dṛśyavikalpyārthaikīkṛtaḥ[89]svabhāva ity anarthāntaram. gatam ānuṣaṅgikam.


__________NOTES__________

[80] M & Sh -tvena eka.
[81] Sh -pve.
[82] M ekaka.. posaṃ- (one letter not clear) ; Sh ekatopasaṃ-.
[83] Sh āyātmavat.
[84] M looks not -dau- (Sh).
[85] M -dyāppoho.
[86] Sh -poho'nanya-.
[87] Cf. TR 36, 12.
[88] Sh pratyeva-.
[89] M & Sh vikalpā-.
___________________________



   sāmānyavyavahāravad[90]ghaṭādidravyavyavahāro'pi jñeyaḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[90] M -vadyadghaṭā-.
___________________________



teṣām eva ghaṭādīnāṃ[91]sādhāraṇaṃ yat phalam udakāharaṇam, tatra [M18b] ye hetavo na bhavanti ghaṭasanniveśenāvasthitā rūpādayaḥ, tebhyo vyavacchede ghaṭaśrutiḥ. evaṃ ghaṭādiśrutir api vivṛtā. uktañ ca


__________NOTES__________

[91] M & Sh rūpādīnāṃ.
___________________________



                                   "rūpādiśaktibhedānām anākṣepeṇa vartate/
                                   tatsamānaphalāhetuvyavacchede[92]ghaṭaśrutiḥ//


__________NOTES__________

[92] M & Sh -cchedagha-.
___________________________


                                   tato[93]na rūpaṃ ghaṭa ity ekādhikaraṇā śrutiḥ/
                                   bhedaś[94]cāyam ato jātisamudāyābhidhāyinoḥ[95]//"[96]iti.


__________NOTES__________

[93] ato in all PV-kārikā editions.
[94] bhedo'yam īdṛśo in Miyasaka's edition (Acta Indologica, II, p. 16).
[95] M -yi(?)nor.
[96]  = PV II 100-1.
___________________________



                                   saṃsthānavarṇāvayavair viśiṣṭe yaḥ pravartate/
                                   śabdo na tasyāvayave pravṛttir upalabhyate//[97]


__________NOTES__________

[97]  = VP II-155 (b-pāda wa "...'rthe prayujyate". mata "...yaḥ..." no variant mo aru.).
___________________________

[98]yathā cakracitrāḍhakādayaḥ[99].


__________NOTES__________

[98] Y I: 87.
[99] M cakra / citra-āḍhakā-.
___________________________



                  [Sh38] nanu tantuṣu prāvaraṇādikāryaṃ sambhavi, ghaṭe[100]'sambhavi[101], tatas tat tebhyo'rthāntaraṃ ghaṭaḥ[102]. yathā -- udakadhāraṇam asambhavi paṭe ghaṭe sambhavat, paṭād ghaṭaṃ bhedena vyavasthāpayati. satyam. sidhyaty evam arthāntaram. na punaḥ kriyāvad guṇavat samavāyikāraṇaṃ[103]dravyaṃ parābhipretaṃ sidhyati. raṇḍākaraṇḍaparipiṇḍitebhyo hi tantubhyas[104]tānapratitānībhūtā anye[105]tantavaḥ śaktibhede'pi bhinnāḥ sidhyanti.


__________NOTES__________

[100] M & Sh paṭe.
[101] M -ṭe sambhavi.
[102] M & Sh paṭaḥ.
[103] Cf. VS 1, 1.4: "kriyāvad guṇavat samavāyikāraṇam iti dravyalakṣaṇam".
[104] Cf. VR 37, 1f.: "raṇḍākaraṇḍapiṇḍitatantubhyaḥ.....sitātānavitānavasthā... ".
[105] Sh -bhūtāstvanye.
___________________________



   na vayaṃ dravyasyopari baddhakruddhaḥ[106], kin tarhi pratyakṣam evan nakṣate[107] 'nupalabhamānaṃ dravyam arūpādirūpam[108]. tasmān naikarūpā rūpādayas tantvādayo vā, teṣām evāntaraśaktibhedād rūpatantughaṭapaṭarajjuprabhṛtayo vyapadeśāḥ[109], na tu vyapa[M19a]deśebhyo[110]'rthāntaraparikalpanam[111]ucitam. tad uktam "aparāparapratyayayogena[112]pratikṣaṇaṃ santavantaḥ[113]saṃskārā yady api kutaścit sāmyāt[114] sarūpāḥ pratīyante, tathāpi bhinna evaiṣāṃ svabhāvaḥ[115], tena kiñcid eva kasya cit kāraṇam"[116] iti.


__________NOTES__________

[106] M & Sh -krudhaḥ.
[107] M -kṣam evannakṣamevannakṣate.
[108] Cf. TR 36, 2-3: "arūpādirūpasāmānya- (Sh wa svarūpādirūpasāmānya-)".
[109] Cf. PV I 82.
[110] M repeats vyapa.
[111] Sh om. pari.
[112] Sh -pranyaya-.
[113] Sh santantanta (santanvānāḥ?).
[114] M sāmyat sarū-; Sh sāmānyarūpāḥ.
[115] M & Sh -vas tena.
[116] = HB 12*, 4-7 = VR 9, 17-19.
___________________________



   dravyādiparaparikalpitaṃ dṛśyam adṛśyaṃ[117]vāstu[118].


__________NOTES__________

[117] M dṛśyadṛśyaṃ.
[118] M & Sh vā'stu.
___________________________



                                    "apravṛttiḥ[119]pramāṇānām apravṛttiphalāsati/"[120]


__________NOTES__________

[119] M & Sh om. ḥ.
[120]  = PV I 3ab.
___________________________



iti nyāyāt[121]sad iti na vyavahartavyam. ekapratyavamarśam apekṣyāpunarupalabhyamānena[122] vyavahāraḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[121] M 'satīti nyā-; Sh 'satī" iti nyā-.
[122] Sh -rśamanape-.
___________________________



tad evam [Sh39] indriyārthād utpadyamānaṃ niyatapratibhāsam[123][124]api yatpratibhāsāc[125] cāvidyānubhavavāsanāvaśād[126][127]udīyamānaṃ jñānam.


__________NOTES__________

[123] Cf. NBT 49, 1-51, 3.
[124] Y I: 88.
[125] Sh yat pra-.
[126] M -sāñ cāvi- ; Sh -sā'rthyā'vi-.
[127] Cf. TR 34, 9; 43, 4.
___________________________



   atra prayogaḥ ----- yat pūrvāparakālasvabhāvānanusandhāyi[128]


__________NOTES__________

[128] Cf. TBh 11, 15f: "pūrvāparam anusandhāya śabdasaṅkīrṇākārā pratītir.....; PV III 174=PVin I v.8.
___________________________



rūpādyekākāraniyatapratibhāsaṃ jñānaṃ na tat[129]


__________NOTES__________

[129] Sh inserts tu; M tat tat?
___________________________



saṅketavyavahārakālopayogiśabdasaṃsargayogyapratibhāsam, yathā rūpādivikalpavijñānasvarūpaviṣayo'nubhavaḥ[130][131], yathoktasādhanopetañ ca cakṣūrūpajanitaṃ[132] vijñānam.


__________NOTES__________

[130] Sh inserts hy ; M -ṣayo anu-.
[131] Cf. NB I s. 5: "abhilāpasaṃsargayogyapratibhāsā pratītiḥ kalpanā".
[132] M vijñātanaṃ.
___________________________



   ayaṃ kāraṇaviruddhopalambhaḥ[133][134]sambhāvanīyaḥ[135]. nāsiddhiḥ[136].


__________NOTES__________

[133] M inserts/ (daṇḍa).
[134] Cf. PV III 287.
[135] M & Sh -nīyo.
[136] M & Sh -ddhisin-.
___________________________



sindhuravadhūvidhūtatvena


                                    "pratibhāso'sya nāsyeti nopapattes tu gocaraḥ/" iti,
                                    "saṃvedanasya tādātmye na vivādo'sti kasya cit/"[137]


__________NOTES__________

[137]  = PV III 422ab.
___________________________



iti nyāyāt. svarūpasaṃvedanād eva yathoktaniyatasvabhāvasiddheḥ. aniyatapratibhāse śabdasaṅketasya susaṅkalitatvāt[138]kāryakāraṇabhāvasiddhau satyāṃ na śaṃsanīyam[139] aṃśenāpi[140] saṃśayāvahatvam asya. nāpi virodho'pi nāmāsya sannidhānam anubadhnāti.


__________NOTES__________

[138] Sh sasaṅka-.
[139] M saṃśa-.
[140] M -nīyaṃ maṃśe-.
___________________________



sapakṣatām āvahati, vikalpavijñānasvabhāvānu[M19b]bhave sambhavāt.[141]


__________NOTES__________

[141] Cf. TR 39, 6: "yathā rūpādivikalpajñānasvarūpaviṣayo'nubhavaḥ".
___________________________



jñānaparokṣatāpakṣas tu kṣapayiṣyate.


    aniyatapratibhāsaṃ kathaṃ kāraṇaṃ[142]śabdayojanāyāḥ. ucyate---


__________NOTES__________

[142] Sh karaṇaṃ.
___________________________



                                    "viśeṣaṇaṃ[143]viśeṣyañ ca sambandhaṃ laukikīṃ sthitim/
                                    gṛhītvā saṅkalayyaitat tathā pratyeti nānyathā//


__________NOTES__________

[143] M & Sh om. ṃ.
___________________________



yathā daṇḍini"[144]


__________NOTES__________

[144]  = PV III 145-146a. Cf. PVin I v. 7.
___________________________



yad vijñānaṃ viśeṣaṇarūpatayā vācakaṃ paricchinatti, rūpatayā ca nīlādikam.



sambandhavyavahārakālavyāpināpi[145]svabhāvena viśeṣaṇaṃ viśeṣyañ ca bhavad bhavet.


__________NOTES__________

[145] Y I: 89.
___________________________



tādṛśañ ca rūpaṃ gṛhṇad viśeṣaṇaṃ viśeṣyaṃ [Sh40] vā gṛhṇīyāt.



viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyayoś[146]ca sambandham. laukikīṃ sthitiṃ puruṣo daṇḍī na puruṣī daṇḍa iti.


__________NOTES__________

[146] M & Sh -ṇaviśeṣayoś.
___________________________



śiromān[147]samagreṇa[148]śṛṅgeṇa śṛṅgī, na galake lambamānena. tathā samastaṃ smṛtvā viśeṣaṇayuktaviśeṣyaṃ sakṛd gṛhṇāti, nānevaṃrūpatve.


__________NOTES__________

[147] M -mād?
[148] M -grena.
___________________________



   tathā hi puruṣaś cāsti daṇḍaś ca, kiṃ na sarve daṇḍinaḥ saṃyogāc cet, saṃyogo'py asti.



kiṃ na sarve daṇḍinaḥ, saṃyogasya guṇatvena yatrāsau samavetaḥ sa eva daṇḍīti cet, samavāyo'py asti. kiṃ na sarve daṇḍinaḥ, yadaṅgatayā gṛhyate sa eva daṇḍīti cet, evaṃ tarhi daṇḍāder api[149]sāṃvṛtatām abhikhyāyāta[150].


__________NOTES__________

[149] M looks -devapi or -decapi.
[150] M -vṛtāti?āyātaṃ; Sh -vṛtā'bhivyāpātam(?).
___________________________



   yat pūrvāparakālānanusandhāyi viśeṣaṇena saha viśeṣyasyāgrāhakañ[151]ca[152]tan niyatapratibhāsam ucyate, tat kathaṃ na kāraṇaṃ viruddham.


__________NOTES__________

[151] M & Sh -syagrāha-.
[152] Sh om. ca.
___________________________



prabalavikalpavāsanāpavanarayapreryamāṇātmano jñānapādapasyānyatra pratipacchāyānyatrādhyavasāyapāṇḍupatraprayātaḥ[153][154].


__________NOTES__________

[153] M 'nyatrāvadhya-.
[154] Sh -trapātaḥ!
___________________________



   atha ko[155]'dhyavasāyo nāma. yadi grahaṇaṃ grahaṇam iti vaktavyam, athāpi [M20a] tadabhāvas tathāpy agrahaṇam evāstu. satyam. asannihitatayānusandhānam adhyavasāyo grahaṇaviśeṣaḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[155] Or kathaṃ ko?M & Sh kathako.
___________________________



   yat smaraṇādisāmagrīrahitendriyajanitaṃ[156]tan nirvikalpam[157]astu, yat smaraṇādisāmagrīsavyapekśendriyajaṃ tad vikalpakam[158]astu. na, [Sh41] aviṣaye'vṛtteḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[156] Sh grīsavyapekṣendri-.
[157] Sh -lpakam.
[158] Sh tat savikal-.
___________________________



pratyakṣasyāsannihitaṃ[159]viśeṣaṇatvādi na viṣayaḥ. viśeṣaṇatvaṃ hi na vastunaḥ[160]sampraty asti.


__________NOTES__________

[159] Y I: 90.
[160] Sh vastutah.
___________________________



astitve[161]kiṃ[162]smaraṇena, tataś ca smaraṇenopanītam api viśeṣaṇatvādi nāsannihitatvaṃ[163] jahāti.


__________NOTES__________

[161] M astiketve.
[162] Sh ki.
[163] Sh tvādinā sanni-.
___________________________



tasmād asannihitatvāt pratyakṣāviṣayaḥ.


   na ca jātyādiviśiṣṭārthavikalpaś cakṣurarthasannidhāv eva bhavati, atītādiṣv api sambhavāt, vinā cārthaiḥ nimīlitavilocanasyāpi[164]gaur iti vikalpanāt.[165]


__________NOTES__________

[164] Sh -cananyāyi-.
[165] Cf. TBh 12, 15f. TBh 13,2-4: yadi punaḥ kalpanājñānam arthād upajāyate, tenāpi tadā ghaṭādir artho dṛśyeta. tataś cāndhasyāpi rūpadarśanaprasaṅgaḥ, na cāsti.
___________________________



   nānyathedantayeti[166]cet. idantayā viśiṣṭaṃ jñānaṃ na[167]sannihitārthaniścayarūpam adhyakṣam akṣasāpekṣañ ca, ubhayanirapekṣatvāt[168]. tathā hi "śuklo gaur ayam" iti cākṣuṣo[169] 'nantaraṃ tathā spṛśato 'pi "sukumāraḥ śuklo 'yaṃ gaur" iti. ubhayaviṣayam api niścayanam idantayā viśiṣṭam.


__________NOTES__________

[166] M -dantatprayeti.
[167] M & Sh om. na.
[168] M ubhaya / nira-.
[169] M cakṣu-.
___________________________



na cāndhatamase rūpasya śaktir asti, na vā cakṣuṣaḥ. na ca sparśenendriyeṇa[170]rūpagrahaṇam evaṃ sparśasya cakṣuṣi vyabhicāro vācyaḥ. tasmāc cakṣuḥsparśanābhyāṃ[171]bhinnaṃ viṣayam upalabhyānyad eva tatsahacarasamudāyaviṣayaṃ smārtam[172]abhedajñānam utpadyate.[173][174] tathā viśeṣyān svair indriyair bhinnān upalabhyārthāntaravya[M20b]vacchedaviṣayam[175]abhedena[176] sarvatra mānasaṃ jñānam utpadyate. na bhāvaguṇatvayoḥ pratyakṣam, tasyānupalakṣaṇāt[177].


__________NOTES__________

[170] Sh spārśe-.
[171] Sh om. ḥ.
[172] Sh sparśam.
[173]  = PSV (M. Hattori, "Dignāga, on Perception" Harvard Oriental Series, No. 47, Cambridge, 1968) p. 48, 6-10 (translation); p. 204, 35-37; p. 205, 34-36.
[174]  = PSV (M. Hattori, op. cit.) p. 48, 15-28 (translation); p. 206, 1-7; 205, 37-207,5.
[175] artha(Tib don) added from PSV.
[176] Sh -ṣayabhede.
[177] Sh -palambhāt.
___________________________



pratyakṣābhimāna eṣa[178]kutārkikāṇām, pratyakṣāsannivṛttitvāt.


__________NOTES__________

[178] M -mānaṃ eṣa; Sh mānam eṣu.
___________________________



   uktañ ca [Sh42] "darśanasparśanānvayo[179]mānasa eva smārto[180]vibhrama" iti. "yam aham adrakṣaṃ tam eva[181]hi spṛśāmī"ti[182]vikalpād[183]dravyaparikalpaḥ kalpāvadhivyasanam, bhrāntyaiva samarthitatvāt. tasmān mano 'bhisaṃskṛtam arthaviśeṣaṇam arthaṃ nendriyaṃ pratyeti.


__________NOTES__________

[179] Sh -rśanā'nanvayo.
[180] Y I: 91.
[181] M yamahāmudrākṣakaṃ tam eva; Sh yamahāmudrākṣita[?]meva.
[182] NBh ad NS 3, 1, 1: "...yam aham adrākṣaṃ cakṣuṣā taṃ sparśanenāpi spṛśāmīti... "; NV ad NS 1, 1, 14: "...yam aham adrākṣaṃ taṃ spṛśāmīti... ".
[183] Sh -lpāt.
___________________________



   yat pratyekaṃ samudāye ca tad vastuno rūpam[184], tad yathā nīlatvam. yat pratyekam asat samudāye cāsti sa samudāyadharmaḥ, yathā caturasratvādi.[185]sthaulyaṃ tu samudāyapratibhāsadharmaḥ[186].[187]bahuṣu pratibhāsamāneṣu nirantareṣu sthūlam iti pratyayaḥ. tena rūpaṃ sparśo vā sthūlaḥ, na tu tadatiriktaṃ dravyaṃ sthūlam apatibhāsanāt.


__________NOTES__________

[184] Cf. TR 43,7-8: "śuklaṃ hi rūpaṃ pratyekaṃ samudāye cāsti vastuno rūpam".
[185] Cf. NBT 41,5-42,2; DhPr 42,23-24 ("sanniveśaś catursratvādiḥ pratibhāsadharmaḥ"); 43, 9-10 ("eko'yaṃ sthūla iti tu tathābhūtapratibhāsāśrayeṇa vyavasthāpyamānatvāt pratibhāsadharma ity ucyate. na vastudharmaḥ pratyekam aparisamāpter"; PVinT 10b2-3 "maṅ po rnams śes pa gcig la snaṅ ba na riṅ po la sogs pa'i dbyibs tshogs pa'i yul la rnam par gnas pa ni so sor snaṅ pa'i chos yin gyi dṅos po'i chos ma yin pa'i phyir dkar po ma bzuṅ na de'i chos sam g'zan gyi chos kyi dbyibs ma bzuṅ bas na slu ba yin pa'i phyir ser por śes pa ni tshad ma ma yin no. "
[186] M -prati..bhāsa-.
[187] Cf. TBh 66, 18-19: "yady evaṃ kathaṃ pratibhāsadharmaḥ sthaulyam ity uktaṃ dharmottareṇa".
___________________________



   atha yadi pratibhāsadharmaḥ sthaulyaṃ tadā tat kim āntaram āhosvid bahiḥ, atha tad antar na[188]na bahir yad eva ca punar nistattvam[189]āropitam iti cet. tadāpi nāsty eveti vaktavyam. kim ucyate, "pratibhāsadharmaḥ sthaulyam" iti. satyam, sthaulyaṃ nāmāsthūlaparāvṛttaṃ rūpam, na vidhirūpaṃ kiñ cit. tato nistattvam[190]api sthūlaparāmarśena[191]vyavahriyamāṇatvāt saṃvṛtisad etan, na tu nāsty eva sarvathā. sāmānyam evaikapratyavamarśaviṣayatvena yathāsti. āha ca --


__________NOTES__________

[188] M no; Sh yo.
[189] M & Sh nistatvam.
[190] M & Sh nistatvam.
[191] Sh -lamaparā-.
___________________________



                                    "sthūlapratyavamarśasya hetutvāt sthūlatā dhiyaḥ/
                                    sthūladhīhetubhāvena bhā[M21a]vānāṃ[192]sthūlatā matā//"[193]


__________NOTES__________

[192] M repeats venabhā.
[193] Cf. PV I 109: "ekapratyavamarśasya hetutvād dhir abhedinī/ ekadhīhetubhāvena vyaktīnām apy abhinnatā//"
___________________________



                                   [Sh43] pratyavamarśa eva kiṃ sthūlam āropayatīti cet.


                                    "astīyam api yā tv antarupaplavasamudbhavā/
                                    doṣodbhavā prakṛtyā sā vitathapratibhāsinī//"[194]


__________NOTES__________

[194]  = PV III 361cd-362ab.
___________________________



iti nyāyād avidyānubhavavāsanābhāvitvād ity asakṛd uktam.[195][196]tena sthūlaṃ nīlam iti pratibhāse 'pi na[197]nīle vasturūpe vibhramaḥ. vibhramas tu śaṅkhe pītapratibhāsaḥ. śuklaṃ[198]hi rūpaṃ pratyekaṃ samudāye[199]cāsti vastuno rūpam.[200]tatsamudāyadharmaś ca saṃsthānam.


__________NOTES__________

[195] Cf. TR 34, 9f; 39, 1f.
[196] Y I: 92.
[197] Sh ta.
[198] M śuklahi.
[199] Sh samudaye.
[200] Cf. TR 42, 5: "yat pratyekaṃ samudāye ca tad vastuno rūpam".
___________________________



śuklāpratibhāse tadātmakasaṃstānasyāpratibhāsaḥ. tataḥ pītaśaṅkhajñānaṃ nāṅgenāpi saṃvādakam, nāpi ca vastunaḥ sākṣātkārakam. ato viśeṣaṇadvayaṃ vipratipattinirākaraṇārtham.


   yat punar bhrāntijñāne[201], "alaukikatvād ubhayātmayogāt smṛtipramoṣād viparītacittair[202]" ityādinānāvyavahṛtiḥ. tatra na nāmni vivadāmahe. vivakṣitavasturūpaṃ na sākṣātkṛtam iti tu paramārthaḥ.


__________NOTES__________

[201] M punabhrā-.
[202] M -citter.
___________________________



   "tato 'rthād vijñānaṃ pratyakṣam"ity ācāryavasubandhupādānāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ nyūnam.


naiyāyikīyam "indriyārthasannikarṣotpannaṃ jñānam avyapadeśyam avyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakaṃ pratyakṣam". vaiśeṣikīyam "dravyeṣu pratyakṣam ātmendriyamano 'rthasannikarṣād yan niṣpadyate tad anyad" iti.  [Sh44] kāpilānām api "śrotrādivṛttiḥ pratyakṣam. śrotratvakcakṣurjihvāghrāṇānāṃ[203]manasādhiṣṭhitā[204]vṛttiḥ [M21b] śabdasparśarūparasagandheṣu yathākramaṃ grahaṇe vartamānā pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam".

__________NOTES__________
[203] Sh -traṃtvak-.
[204] M manusā-; Sh -ṇānāmarthasādhi-.
___________________________



mīmāmsāyām "satsaṃprayoge puruṣasyendriyāṇāṃ buddhijanma tat pratyakṣam". sarvam etad dravyaguṇātmādinirākaraṇād[205]ayathārtham.


__________NOTES__________

[205] Sh om. tmā.
___________________________



iti tarkarahasye svaparapratyakṣalakṣaṇanyāyanirṇayo dvitīyaḥ.