Dharmakirti: Hetubindu
Based on the edition by P.P. Gokhale: Hetubindu of Dharmakirti.
Delhi : Sri Satguru Publications, 1997, 1-94.



Input by members of the Sanskrit Buddhist Input Project.
With kind permission of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project
of Nagarjuna Institute, Nepal
and University of the West, Rosemead, California, USA
(www.uwest.edu/sanskritcanon)
Sastra section, text no. 71


The transliteration emulates the conventions of Nagari script.
Therefore, many word boundaries are not marked by blanks.



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description:multibyte sequence:
long a ā
long A Ā
long i ī
long I Ī
long u ū
long U Ū
vocalic r ṛ
vocalic R Ṛ
long vocalic r ṝ
vocalic l ḷ
vocalic L Ḷ
long vocalic l ḹ
velar n ṅ
velar N Ṅ
palatal n ñ
palatal N Ñ
retroflex t ṭ
retroflex T Ṭ
retroflex d ḍ
retroflex D Ḍ
retroflex n ṇ
retroflex N Ṇ
palatal s ś
palatal S Ś
retroflex s ṣ
retroflex S Ṣ
anusvara ṃ
visarga ḥ
long e ē
long o ō
l underbar ḻ
r underbar ṟ
n underbar ṉ
k underbar ḵ
t underbar ṯ

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Dharmakīrti: Hetubindu


namo buddhāya /

(1.1) parokṣārthapratipatteranumānāśrayatvādeva tad vyutpādanārtha saṃkṣepata idamārabhyate- pakṣadharmastadaṃśena vyāpto hetustridhaiva saḥ / avinābhāvaniyamād hetvābhāsāstato 'pare //

(1.2) pakṣo dharmī, avayave samudāyopacārāt / prayojanābhāvādanupacāra iti cet / na / sarvadharmidharmapratiṣedhārthatvādupacārasya / evaṃ hi cākṣuṣatvādi parihṛtaṃ bhavati / dharmavacanenāpi parāśrayatvād dharmasya dharmyāśrayasiddhau pratyāsatteḥ sādhyadharmiṇa eva siddhiriti cet / na / pratyāsatteḥ dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇo 'pi / siddhe tadaṃśavyāptyā dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi sattve punardharmiṇo vacanaṃ dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇa eva yo dharmaḥ sa heturiti niyamārthamāśaṃkyeta / dṛṣṭaṃ sajātīya eva sattvam ityavadhāraṇena sādhyābhāve siddhe 'pi vyatireke sādhyābhāve asattvavacanam, tathehāpi tadaṃśavyāptivacanāt siddhe 'pi dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi sattve tatraiva bhāvaniyamārtha dharmivacanamāśaṃkyeta / tasmāt sāmarthyād arthapratītāvapi upacāramātrāt samānanirdeśāt pratipattigauravaṃ ca parihṛtaṃ bhavati /

(1.3) pakṣasya dharmatve tadviśeṣaṇāpekṣasyānyatrānanuvṛtterasādhāraṇateti cet / na / ayogavyavacchedena viśeṣaṇāt / yathā caitro dhanurdhara iti / nānyayogavyavacchedena / yathā pārtho dhanurdhara iti / tadaṃśastadharmaḥ /

(1.4) tasya vyāptirhi vyāpakasya tatra bhāva eva / vyāpyasya vā tatraiva bhāvaḥ / etena anvayo vyatireko vā pakṣadharmaśca yathāsvaṃ pramāṇena niścita uktaḥ / sarvatra hetau sādhyavaidharmye vyāptyasiddhervyāpakānivṛttau nivṛttyabhāvādvā / anvayavyatirekāniścayābhyāṃ hi taddharmavyāptiniścayaḥ /

(1.5) tatra pakṣadharmasya sādhyadharmiṇi pratyakṣato 'numānato vā prasiddhiḥ / tathā pradeśe dhūmasya, śabde vā kṛtakatvasya /

sadhūmaṃ hi pradeśamarthāntaraviviktarūpamasādhāraṇātmanā dṛṣṭavataḥ smārtaṃ yathādṛṣṭabheda viṣayaṃ liṅgajñānamutpadyate /

tatra yadādyamasādhāraṇaviṣayaṃ darśanaṃ tadeva pramāṇam /

(1.6) tasmiṃstathābhūte darśanena dṛṣṭesati sa yena yenāsādhāraṇastadasādhāraṇatāṃ tato bhedamabhilapantī atadvayāvṛtiviṣayā smṛtirutpatrā pratyakṣabalena na pramāṇam / yathādṛṣṭākāragrahaṇāt, prāgasādhāraṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā asādhāraṇa ityabhilapataḥ apūrvārthādhigamābhāvāt, arthakriyāsādhanasya ālocanājñānena darśanācca / adṛṣṭasya punastatsādhanasya vikalpenāpratipatteranumānavat /

arthakriyārthī hi sarvaḥ prekṣāvān pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ vānveṣate / na ca sāmānyaṃ svalakṣaṇapratipatterūrdhvaṃ tatsāmarthyotpatravikalpavijñānagrāhyaṃ kāñcidarthakriyāmupakalpayati / yathā nīlaṃ dṛṣṭvā nīlamiti jñāne / tadeva hi nīlasvalakṣaṇaṃ tathāvidhasādhyārthakriyākāri / tacca tenātmanā dṛṣṭameva ālocanāpratyayena /
na ca tatsvalakṣaṇagrahaṇottarakālabhāvino nīlavikalpasya viṣayeṇa nīlasādhyārthakriyā kriyate /

(1.7) tasmāt anadhigatārthaviṣayaṃ pramāṇam ityapi anadhigate svalakṣaṇe iti viśeṣaṇīyam / adhigate tu svalakṣaṇe tatsāmarthyajanmā vikalpastadanukārī kāryatastadviṣayatvāt smṛtireva, na pramāṇam, anadhigatavasturūpasyānadhigateḥ / vastvadhiṣṭhānatvāt pramāṇavyavasthāyāḥ / arthakriyāyogyaviṣayatvāt tadarthināṃ pravṛtteḥ / arthakriyāyogyalakṣaṇaṃ hi vastu / tato 'pi vikalpāt vastunyeva tadadhyavasāyena puruṣasya pravṛtteḥ / pravṛttau pratyakṣeṇābhinnayogakṣematvāt /

pūrvapratyakṣakṣaṇena abhinnayogakṣematvāduttareṣāṃ kvacidaprāmāṇyaprasaṅga iti cet / na / kṣaṇaviśeṣasādhyārthavāñcāyāṃ nānāyogakṣematvāt / sādhāraṇe hi kārye na teṣāṃ sāmarthyabhedaḥ / aparāparadhūmapramitasatrikṛṣṭāgniṣu iva anumānajñānānāmagnimātrasādhye 'rthe / etena dharmidharmaliṅgādivikalpasya pramāṇapṛṣṭhabhāvinaḥ prāmāṇyaṃ pratyuktam /

(1.8) anvayaniścayo 'pi svabhāvahetau sādhyadharmasya vastutastadbhāvatayā sādhanadharmabhāvamātrānubandhasiddhiḥ / sā hi sādhyaviparyaye hetorbādhakapramāṇavṛttiḥ / yathā sat tat kṣaṇikameva, akṣaṇikatve 'rthakriyā virodhāt tallakṣaṇaṃ vastutvaṃ hīyate /

kāryahetau kāryakāraṇabhāvasiddhiḥ / yathedamasyopalambhe upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptamanupalabdhamupalabhyate, satsu apyanyeṣu hetuṣu asyābhāve na bhavatīti yastadbhāve bhāvastadabhāve 'bhāvaśca pratyakṣānupalambhasādhanaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ tasya siddhiḥ / kāryakāraṇabhāva eva hyarthāntarasya evaṃ syāt- yatra dhūmastatrāvaśyamagniriti, agnibhāva eva hi bhāvo dhūmasya tatkāryatvamiti /

anupalabdhāvapi anvayaniścayaḥ asadvayavahārasyopalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhimātravṛtti sādhanaṃ, nimittāntarābhāvopadarśanāt /

(1.9) vyatirekaniścayo 'pi kāryasvabhāvahetvoḥ kāraṇavyāpakānupalabdhibhyāṃ dṛśyaviṣayābhyāṃ kāryakāraṇavyāpyavyāpakabhāvasiddhau satyāṃ sādhyābhāve 'bhāvasiddhiruddiṣṭa viṣayasyābhāvopadarśane / anupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānyathā kvacidabhāvāsiddheḥ / anuddiṣṭaviṣayaṃ sādhyābhāve hetvabhāvakhyāpanaṃ pratibandhamātrasiddhau sidhyatīti na tatra vyatirekasādhane anupalabdhyoḥ dṛśyaviṣayatāviśeṣaṇamapekṣyate / vyatirekāniścayo 'nupalabdhāvupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptāt sato 'nupalambhābhāvadarśanam /

(1.10) etallakṣaṇaḥ tridhaiva saḥ hetustriprakāra eva / svabhāvaḥ kāryamanupalabdhiśceti / yathā anitye kasmiṃścitsādhye sattvamiti / agnimati pradeśe dhūma iti / abhāve ca upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhiriti / atraiva trividhahetāvavinābhāvasya niyamāt / pakṣadharmasya yathoktā vyāptiravinābhāvaḥ / na sa trividhāddhetoranyatrāstītyatraiva niyata ucyate /

(2.1) tatra sādhanadharmabhāvamātrānvayini sādhyadharme svabhāvo hetuḥ / aparāparavyāvṛttibhedena dharmabhede satyapi vastutaḥ liṅgasvabhāva eva / hetusvabhāve sādhyadharme 'nvayavyabhicārābhāvāt lakṣaṇe tanmātrānvayeneti viśeṣaṇaṃ paramatāpekṣam /

pare hi arthāntaranimittamatadbhāvamātrānvayinamapi svabhāvamiccanti / tena ca viśeṣaṇena tathavidhasya atatsvabhāvatāṃ tasmin sādhye hetorvyabhicāraṃ cāha / yathā hetumati vināśe kṛtakatvasya /

(2.2) tasya dvidhā prayogaḥ / sādharmyeṇaikaḥ vaidharmyeṇāparaḥ / yathā yat sat tat sarvaṃ kṣaṇikam / yathā ghaṭādayaḥ / saṃśca śabdaḥ iti / tathā, kṣaṇikatvābhāve sattvābhāvaḥ saṃśca śabda iti / sarvopasaṃhāreṇa vyāptipradarśanalakṣaṇau sādharmyavaidharmyaprayogāvuktau /

(2.3) atra pakṣadharmasambandhavacanamātrasāmarthyādeva pratijñārthasya pratīteḥ na pratijñāyāḥ prayoga upadarśitaḥ / apradarśite prameye kathaṃ tatpratītiriti cet / svayaṃ pratipattau prameyasya ka upadarśayitā? pradeśasthaṃ dhūmamupalabdhavataḥ tasyāgninā vyāpteḥ smaraṇe tatsāmarthyādeva agniratra iti pratijñārthapratītirbhavati / na ca tatra kaścit agniratreti asmai nivedayati / nāpi svayamapi prāgeva pratipadyate kiñcit, pramāṇamantareṇaivaṃ pratīteḥ nimittābhāvāt pratītau liṅgasya vaiyarthyam / svayamevākasmāt agniratreti vyavasthāpya tatpratipattaye paścālliṅgamanusaratīti ko 'yaṃ pratipatteḥ kramaḥ? pareṇāpi taducyamānaṃ plavata eva upayogābhāvāt / viṣayopadarśanamupayoga iti cet, tenaiva tāvaddarśyamānena ko 'rthaḥ? yadi pratītiranyathā na syāttadā sarvaṃ śobheta / tasmādeṣa svayaṃpratītau kenacid viṣayopasthāpakena vināpi pratiyan asmān kāryiṇo dṛṣṭvā parvabrāhmaṇa iva vyaktaṃ mūlyaṃ mṛgayate / asmadvacanādapi svayaṃ siddhameva liṅgamanusṛtya sādhyaṃ pratyetīti ko 'nayoravasthayorviśeṣaḥ? dṛṣṭā ca pakṣadharmasambandhavacanamātrāt sādharmyavatprayogādeḥ pratijñāvacanamantareṇāpi pratītiriti kastasyopayogaḥ? svaniścayavadanyeṣāmapi niścayotpādanāya sādhanamucyate / tatra svayaṃ prameyopadarśanena vināpi pratipadya paraṃ pratipādayatrapūrva kramamāśrayate iti kimatra kāraṇam? tasmātra prameyasya vacanena kiñcitprayojanamanyathāpi pratipatterutpatteḥ /

(2.4) etenopanayanigamanādikamapi pratyuktam / etāvataiva sādhyapratīterbhāvāt / ḍiṇḍikarāgaṃ parityajyākṣiṇī nimīlya cintaya tāvat kimiyatā pratītiḥ syātra veti / bhāve kiṃ prapañcamālayā? iti iyāneva sādhanavākye prayogo jyāyān /

(2.5) atra pūrvaṃ hetuḥ prayoktavyaḥ paścād dṛṣṭānta iti kramaniyamo 'pi na kaścit / sarvathā gamakatvāt /

(2.6) sambandhavacane 'pi nārthabhedo 'pi kaścit / ubhayathāpi tadbhāvasyaiva khyāpanāt / nahi atatsvabhāvasya bhāve ekāntenānyasya bhāvaḥ kṛtakatvasya bhāve prayatnānantarīyakatvavat / kāryasyāpi atatsvabhāvasyābhāve na tannivṛttiḥ, yathānayoreva naikanivṛttāvanyanivṛttiḥ /

tasmādanvayavyatirekayoryathālakṣaṇameko 'pi prayokto dvitīyamākṣipatīti naikatraṃ sādhanavākye dvayoḥ prayogaḥ iṣyate vaiyarthyāt / tatsvabhāvatayānvayasiddhau tadabhāve 'bhāvo 'pi sidhyatyeva / tathā siddhau cānvayasyāpi siddheriti / tadabhāva eva hetorabhāvakhyātiryathā syāt nānyatra vipakṣe viruddhe vā iti niyamakhyāpanārtho 'pi vyatirekaprayogo na yuktaḥ, anyaviruddhayorapi vipakṣatvāt /

(2.7) kathamidam avagamyate sadavaśyaṃ naśvarasvabhāvamiti yena anvayavyatirekasambhava iti cet / vināśahetvayogāt / svabhāvata eva bhāvā naśvarāḥ naiṣāṃ svahetubhyo niṣpatrānāmanyato vināśotpattiḥ / tasyāsāmarthyāt / na hi vināśaheturbhāvasya svabhāvameva karoti tasya svahetubhyo nirvṛtteḥ / nāpi bhāvāntarameva, bhāvāntarakaraṇe bhāvasya tadavasthatvāt tathopalabdhyādiprasaṅgaḥ / nāpi svabhāvāntaramasyāvaraṇam tadavasthe tasminnāvaraṇāyogāt / nāpi vināśahetunā bhāvābhāvaḥ kriyate / abhāvasya vidhinānyatayopagame vyatirekāvyatireka vikalpānatikramāt / bhāvapratiṣedhakaraṇe na tasya kiñcidbhavati na bhavatyeva kevalamiti / evaṃ ca kartā na bhavatītyakarturahetutvamiti na vināśahetuḥ kaścit /

(2.8) vaiyarthyācca / yadi svabhāvato naśvaraḥ svātmanyanavasthāyī bhāvaḥ tasya na kiñcinnāśakāraṇaiḥ / tatsvabhāvatayaiva svayaṃ nāśāt / yo hi yatsvabhāvaḥ sa svahetoreva utpadyamānaḥ tādṛśo bhavati, na punastadbhāve hetvantaramapekṣate / prakāśadravoṣṇakaṭhinadravyādivat / na hi prakāśādayastadātmāna utpannāḥ punaḥ prakāśādibhāve hetvantaramapekṣante / tadātmanastādātmyābhāve nairātmyaprasaṅgāt / tadvadasthitidharmā cet svabhāvato bhāvo niṣpanno na punastadātmatāyāṃ hetvantaramapekṣate /

(2.9) bījādivadanekānta iti cet / syādetad bījādayo 'ṅkurādijananasvabhāvā / api salilādihetvantarāpekṣaṇāt na kevalā janayanti / tadvad bhāvo 'pi vināśe syādīt / na / tasvabhāvasya jananādajanakasya cātatsvabhāvatvāt / ata eva tayoravasthayorvastubhedo niśceyaḥ / bhāvānāṃ svabhāvānyathātvābhāvāt tatsvabhāvasya paścādiva prāgāpi jananaprasaṅgāt /

tasmādyo 'ntyo 'vasthāviśeṣaḥ sa evāṅkurajananasvabhāvaḥ / pūrvabhāvinastu avasthāviśeṣā aṅkurakāraṇasya kāraṇāni iti nānekāntaḥ / kṣaṇikeṣu bhāveṣu aparāparotpatteraikyābhāvāt /

(2.10) yadi te 'ntyāḥ samarthāḥ kiṃ na janayanti pratyekamiti / janayantyeva nātrānyathābhāvaḥ svabhāsyāvaiparītyāt / nanu teṣu sahakāriṣu samarthasvabhāveṣu ko 'parasyopayogaḥ? na vai bhāvānāṃ kācit prekṣāpūrvakāritā yataḥ ayamasmāsvanyatamo 'pi samarthaḥ kimasmābhiḥ kartavyam ityālocyāpare nivarteran / te nirabhiprāyavyāpārā eva svahetupariṇāmopanidhidharmāṇonopālambhamarhanti, tatprakṛteḥ / te samarthāḥ kiṃ nāparāparaṃ janayantīti cet / na, tatraiva sāmarthyāt tasyaivaikasya janane samarthā nānyasyeti nāparāparajananam /

(2.11) bhinnasvabhāvebhyaścakṣurādibhyaḥ sahakāribhya ekakāryotpattau na kāraṇabhedāt kāryabhedaḥ syāditi cet / na / yathāsvaṃ svabhāvabhedena tadviśeṣopayogastadupayogaiḥ kāryasvabhāvaviśeṣāsaṅkarāt / yathā mṛtpiṇḍakulālasūtrā dibhyo bhavato ghaṭasya mṛtpiṇḍādamṛtsvabhāvebhyo vṛkṣādibhyo bhinnaḥ svabhāvaḥ kulālāttasyaiva mṛdātmanaḥ sataḥ saṃsthāviśeṣātmatayā tadanyebhyo bhinnaḥ sūtrāttasyaiva mṛtsaṃsthāna viśeṣātmanaḥ cakrādervibhaktaḥ svabhāvo bhavati / tadevaṃ na kulālānmṛtsvabhāvatāḥ, na mṛdaḥ saṃsthānaviśeṣaḥ / na ca tayoḥ śāktiviśeṣaviṣayabhede 'pi tajjanitaviśeṣabhedasya kāryasya svabhāvena bhedaḥ mṛtsaṃsthānayoraparasparātmatayā saṃsthānamṛdrūpābhyāṃ tayorapratibhāsanaprasaṅgāt /

(2.12) anyadeva saṃsthānaṃ guṇo mṛddravyāt tena bhinnasvabhāvaḥ kulālamṛtpiṇḍayorupayogaviśeṣa iti cet / uktamatra / api ca yadi saṃsthānaṃ bhinnaṃ mṛdaḥ kulālaḥ kiṃ na pṛthakkaroti? guṇasya dravyaparatantratvāt sa kathaṃ pṛthak kriyeta? tatsaṃsthānādhārātmakaṃ yadi svabhāvenaiva tad dravyam, tatsaṃsthānaṃ vā tadādheyātmakaṃ, tadā kimiti kulālavyāpāramapekṣate iti cet / na / tataḥ parasparasambandhayogyatāpratilambhāt / anyathā mṛtpiṇḍasya svabhāvata eva tathāvidhasaṃsthānasambandhayogyatve vastuna eva prāgapi yogyatālakṣaṇā dharmatāstīti saṃsthānaviśeṣeṇa sambandhaḥ syāditi / evaṃ tarthi sā yogyatā mṛddravyasya kulālād bhavatīti nānayoḥ svabhāvabhedaḥ / bhedehi prāgvat prasajyeta / asti tāvadekasvabhāvatve 'pi ekasyānekapratyayopādheyaviśeṣateti kiṃ mṛtsaṃsthānayoḥ ekasvabhāvatvasādhanāya atinirbandhena /

(2.13) tena sahakāriṇaḥ pratyayā naikopayogaviṣayāḥ kāryasyaikasvabhāvatve 'pi vastuta iti yatheha kāraṇabhedo bhinnaviśeṣopayogāt naikakāryaḥ, tathā cakṣurādibhyo vijñānotpattau utreyaḥ / tathā hi - samanantarapratyayādvijñānāccakṣurvijñānasya upalambhātmatā tasyaivopalambhātmanaḥ sataścakṣurindriyādrūpagrahaṇayogyatāpratiniyamaḥ viṣayāttattulyarūpateti abhinnatve 'pi vastutaḥ kāryasya kāraṇānāṃ bhinnebhyaḥ svabhāvebhyo bhinnā eva viśeṣā bhvantīti na kāraṇabhede 'pi abhedastatkāryaviśeṣasya / ta evaite kāraṇaśaktibhedā yathāsvaṃ prativiśiṣṭakāryajanane 'vyavadheyaśaktitayā pratyupasthitāḥ kṣaṇikatvātsāmagrīkāryasya svabhāvasthityāśrayaityucyante / tathāhi tattebhyaḥ samastebhyaḥ upalambhātmakaṃ rūpagrahaṇaṃ pratiniyataṃ viṣayarūpaṃ ceti prativiśiṣṭasvabhāvamekameva jātam /

(2.14) apratirodhaśaktikeṣu anantarakāryeṣu anādheyaviśeṣeṇu kṣaṇikeṣu pratyayeṣu parasparaṃ kaḥ sahakārārthaḥ? na vai sarvatrātiśayotpādanaṃ sahakriyā kā tarhi? ekārthakaraṇaṃ yad bahūnāmapi / yathāntyasya kāraṇakalāpasya / tadeva mukhyaṃ sahakāritvaṃ sahakāriṇāṃ, tasyaivāntyasya kāraṇatvāt / tatra ca kṣaṇe ekasya svabhāvasyāvivekād viśeṣasya kartumaśakyatvāt, svabhāvāntarotpattilakṣaṇatvād viśeṣotpatteḥ / bhāvāntarajanane 'ntyatvameva hīyeta / tataśca na sākṣātkāraṇaṃ syāt / tasmānna kāraṇasya sahakāribhyo viśeṣasyotpattiḥ / te samarthā eva svabhāvato 'ntyāḥ pratyayāḥ saha jāyante kṣaṇikā yeṣāṃ prākpaścātpṛthagbhāvo nāsti, yebhyaścānantarameva kāryamutpadyate / tatra ekārthakriyaiva sahakāritvam /

(2.15) samarthaḥ kuto jāyata iti cet / svakāraṇebhyaḥ / tāni enamaparasannidhāna evaṃ kiṃ janayanti? kadācidanyathāpi syuḥ tataścaiko 'pi kvacit janayed iti cet / aparāpara pratyayayogena pratikṣaṇaṃ bhinnaśaktayaḥ saṃskārāḥ santanvanto yadyapi kutaścitsāmyātsarūpāḥ pratīyante tathāpi bhitra evaiṣāṃ svabhāvaḥ / tena kiñcideva kasyacit kāraṇam /

tatra yo 'vyavadhanādideśo rūpendriyādikalāpaḥ sa vijñānajanane samartho hetuḥ / yasteṣāṃ parasparopasarpaṇādyāśrayaḥ pratyayaviśeṣaḥ sa taddhetujanane samarthaḥ teṣāṃ ca na pūrvaṃ na paścātra pṛthagbhāva iti samarthānapi pūrvāparapṛthagbhāvbhāvino doṣā nopalīyante / tena yasteṣāṃ parasparopasarpaṇādihetuḥ sa samarthasya heturiti tatra na kadācidanyathābhāvaḥ /

(2.16) anena nyāyena sarvatra hetuphalabhāvapratiniyamo draṣṭavyaḥ pratikṣaṇamanyānyasvabhāvabhedānvayinīṣu śaktiṣu, na tu sthiraikasvabhāveṣu bhāveṣu svabhāvasyānyathātvāsaṃbhavāt / samarthāsamarthasvabhāvayoḥ kriyākriyānupapatteḥ / anyasahitaḥ karoti na kevala iti cet / kiṃ kevalasya kāryajanane 'samarthaḥ svabhāvaḥ? samartha iti cet / kiṃ na karoti? akurvan kathaṃ samarthaḥ? kuvindādayaḥ paṭādikriyāyāṃ samarthā api na sarvatra kurvantīti cet / krīḍanaśīlo devānāṃ priyaḥ sukhaidhitaḥ kṛtamapi punaḥ punaḥ kārayati, tathāhi bījādivad ityanena nirloṭhitameva / tasmātsvabhāvasyānyathātvāsambhavāt taddharmaṇaḥ tathābhāvaḥ antyāvasthāvadanivāryaḥ /

antyāvasthāyāṃ prāgasamarthasya sāmarthyotpattau tasya sāmarthyasya tatsvabhāvatve 'pūrvotpattirevasā / atatsvabhāvatve saḥ akāraka eva sāmarthyākhyātpadārthāntarāt kāryotpattyabhyupagamāt /

(2.17) api ca yo 'sau sakaleṣu sahakāriṣu karoti sa tadaiva kasmāt karoti / ? kurvan dṛṣṭastena karotīti brūmaḥ / aho mahāsāmarthyaṃ mahāprabhāvasya darśanaṃ yasmādatatsvabhāvān api bhāvān svabhāvamātreṇa nānāprakāreṣu vyāpāreṣu niyuṅkte / yadi nāma kiñcit kathañcidatrabhavato darśanaviṣayatām atikrāmet, hanta aprasavadharmakamapetasantānaṃ syaditīyaṃ cintā cittaṃ dunoti /

na vai vayam atatsvabhāvānāṃ bhāvānām asmaddarśanavaśāt kāryakriyāṃ brūmaḥ kintu svabhāvenaiva te kāryakāraṇadharmāḥ, tān paśyantaḥ kevalaṃ jānīmahe te ete kārakasvabhāvā iti /

(2.18) satyam idamapyasti, svabhāvasteṣāṃ kāryakriyādharmā tena samastapratyayānāmakṛtvā kāryaṃ nopekṣāpattiriti / so 'kṣepakriyādharmā svabhāvaḥ kiṃ teṣāṃ tadaivāntyāvasthāyāmutpanna āhosvit prāgapyāsīt? āsīt, apracyutā nutpatrasthiraikasvabhāvānā kadācit kasyacitsvabhāvasyābhāvavirodhāt / tatkimidānīṃ mātā ca vandhyā ca asti? ko vāsya bhāṣitasyārthaḥ- akṣepakriyāsvabhāvaḥ kāryaṃ ca na karotīti /

(2.19) sahitaḥ svakāryajananasvabhāvaḥ na kevala iti cet / anyastarhi kevalo 'nyaśca sahitaḥ svabhāvabhedāt / svabhāvabheda eva hi bhāvabhedasya lakṣaṇam / na hi sa sāhitye 'pi pararūpeṇa kartā syāt / svarūpaṃ ca tasya prāgapi tadeveti kathaṃ kadacit kriyāvirāmaḥ /

yasyāpi bhāvah kṣaṇikaḥ tasyāpi kasmāt kevalo na karoti? yadi bhavet kuryādeva / kathaṃ na bhavati? kṣaṇikatvāt / uktaṃ yādṛśasya kriyā / sa kathamekakṣaṇabhāvī anyathā bhavet? yaśca bhavati sa eva na bhavatīti nāyaṃ prasaṅgaḥ kārakākārakayoḥ svabhāvataddhetvorvirodhāt /

(2.20) yo 'pi manyate- akṣepakriyādharmaiva sa tasya svabhāvaḥ, na sa sāhityamapekṣate, kāryaṃ tu pratyayāntarāpekṣamiti sahitebhya eva jāyate na kevalebhya iti, tasyāpi kathaṃ- sa bhāvaḥ kevalo 'pi karotyeva? kāryaṃ ca tasmātrotpadyate iti tadavastho virodhaḥ / na kevalaḥ karotyeveti cet / kathamidānīmakṣepakriyāsvabhāvaḥ / nanu etadeva paridīpitaṃ bhavati, karotyeveti / kāryaṃ cāyaṃ kevalo 'pi samarthaḥ san paramapekṣamāṇaṃ kathamupekṣeta? paramanādṛtyaitat prasahya kuryāt / evaṃ hi anenātmanaḥ sāmarthyaṃ darśitaṃ bhavati / kāryaṃ paramapekṣata iti tataḥ kevalād anutpattimasya kathayasi sa kevalo 'pi samarthasvabhāva iti tataḥ utpattiṃ brūṣe, ete ca kathamevatraṃ syātām? tadayamīrṣyāśalyavitudyamānamarmā viklavaṃ vikrośatītyupekṣāmevārhati / tasmādidamekārthakriyālakṣaṇaṃ sahakāritvaṃ kṣaṇikānāmeva bhāvānām / na tu akṣaṇikānāṃ yeṣāṃ pṛthagapi bhāvaḥ sambhavati pṛthak kāryakaraṇasambhavena sahakāritvaniyamāyogāt /

(2.21) yatra tu santānopakāreṇa bhāvāḥ hetutāṃ pratipadyante, yathā taṇḍulabījādibhya odanāṅkurādijanmani dahanodakapṛthivyādayaḥ, tatra santānāśrayeṇa viśeṣotpādanaṃ pratyayānāṃ sahakriyocyate na dravyāśrayeṇa, kṣaṇike dravye viśeṣasyānutpatteḥ / nahi taṇḍulādīnāṃ viśeṣānutpattau dahanādibhāve 'pi odanajanma syāt / tathā prabhāsvarādapavarakaṃ praviṣṭasya yadīndriyaṃ svopakāribhyo 'tiśayaṃ krameṇa na pratipadyeta tadā prāgivārthapratilpattiṃ naiva janayet /

akṣepakāriṣu indriyādiṣu na viśeṣotpattiḥ parasparataḥ sambhavati / tatra yathāsvaṃ pratyayaiḥ parasparopasarpaṇādyāśrayairye yogyadeśādyavasthā jātāste saha svabhāvaniṣpattyā jñānahetutāṃ pratipadyante ityekārthakriyaiva sahakāritvam /

(2.22) yatra tu viśeṣamutpādayantaḥ sahakāriṇaḥ pratyayāḥ tatra hetusantānaḥ pratyayāntarāṇyapekṣata iti tataḥ svabhāvāntarasya pratilambhaḥ / tatra svarasataḥ hetupratyayānāṃ pūrvopanipātakṣaṇānāṃ nivṛttau tebhya eva viśiṣṭakṣaṇotpattirevaṃ krameṇa yāvadatyantātiśayavato 'ntyakāraṇakalāpāt kāryotpattiḥ /

(2.23) sahakāriṇaḥ samutpatraviśeṣātkāraṇātkāryotpattau tasyaiva viśeṣasyotpattirna syāt / aviśiṣṭādviśeṣotpattau kāryasyāpi syāt / tataśca parasparaviśeṣotpādānapekṣiṇa eva sahakāriṇaḥ kāryaṃ kurvīran / tenākṣaṇikānāmapi sahakārisāpekṣāṇāṃ kāraṇatā syāt / apekṣaṇīyebhyaḥ svabhāvātiśayotpattiśca na syāt /

atha sahakāriṇā kāryotpādānuguṇaviśeṣajananāya kṛtaviśeṣa evopattiṣṭheta / evaṃ satyanavasthā syāt / na ca sahakāriṇaḥ parasparakāryotpādānuguṇaviśeṣotpādane nityaṃ yogyāvasthāḥ, yena nityānuṣakta eṣāṃ viśeṣaḥ syāt / tadupāyāpāyayoḥ kāryasyotpattyanutpattidarśanāt / tenādyo viśeṣaḥ sahakāribhyo nirupakārasya notpadyata iti cet / nāsmākaṃ punaḥ punarabhidhāne 'pi kaścidudvego bhavati yadyevamapi lokasya nyāyapratītirbhavati / hanta tarhi ucyatām / na viśeṣotpādanāt sahakāriṇāṃ sahakāritvaṃ paramārthataḥ sambhavati / yataḥ tadabhāvādviśeṣe kartavye sahakāritāvirahaḥ syāt /

(2.24) atha kathamekārthakriyāpi bhavet sāpi na bhavet parasparato viśeṣarahitānām / atha bhavet, pṛthagapi sā bhavet / tathāca, tasmād viśeṣād bhavanaśīlaṃ kāryamapi kevalāt syāditi cet / atroktamuttaraṃ pratikṣaṇamaparāparaiḥ pratyayaiḥ yathā bhāvasantāne viśeṣasyotpattiḥ, yogyadeśatādyavasthāviśeṣāḥ kāryakaraṇaśīlāḥ, teṣāṃ ca yata utpattiḥ, pratyekaṃ ca sāmarthye 'pi kevalānāmakriyā, kartṛviśeṣasya pṛthagekaikasya bhāvasyābhāvāt / kāryadvaividhyaṃ ca sahakāribhiḥ akṣepakārindriyavijñānavacca kāryakāraṇayoḥ svabhāvabhedāditi sarvamuktam /

(2.25) tatra sahakāribhyaḥ santānopakārāpekṣakāraṇakāryajanmani sahakāriṇāmādyo viśeṣaḥ sahakārikṛtaviśeṣajanmā na bhavati, anantarakāryavat, tataḥ ye viśeṣā jāyante te tajjanmānaḥ tatprakṛtitvāditi nānavasthā / tathā yadyakṣaṇiko 'pi bhāvaḥ kārya karoti, karotu nāma, sa yadi akṣepakartṛdharmā, tadā pṛthagbhāvasya sambhavātkevalo 'pi tathā syād ityuktam / atatsvabhāvastu tadāpyakāraka eva /

tasmādakṣaṇikānāṃ kāraṇānām ekārthakriyayā na kaścit sahakāritvaniyamaḥ / nāpi santatyopakāreṇeti na tasya kaścitsahakārīti kevalo 'pi kuryāt / prāyastu saṃghātasthāyī bhāvasantānaḥ sahakāripratyayairupajanitaviśeṣaḥ svakāryaṃ kurvan dṛṣṭo bījādivat / tatsthirahetuvādino hetoḥ pratyayāntarāpekṣakārakasya vyaktaṃ svabhāvāntarasyotpattiḥ / kārakasvabhāvasya prāgapi sattve 'kriyā na yujyate /

(2.26) tasmādyo yadātmā sa svasattāmātreṇa tādṛśo bhavati na bhūtvā tadbhāve parābhisaṃskāramapekṣata iti svabhāvato 'sthitidharmaṇo bhāvasya na kiñcitrāśakāraṇaiḥ / sthitidharmaṇo 'pi bhāvasya na nāśakāraṇaiḥ kiñcit svabhāvānyathātvasya kenacit kartumaśakyatvāt / tadanyathātvapratipattau sa tatsvabhāva eva na syāditi pūrva eva vikalpaḥ syāt / tatra ca prāgevoktaṃ dūṣaṇam /

yaśca parasmādanyathābhāvaḥ so 'paraḥ svabhāvaḥ yaścāparaḥ sa kathaṃ tasya syāt? svabhāvabhedo hi vastubhedalakṣaṇam / tathā ca yaḥ sthitidharmā jātaḥ na tasyānyathābhāvaḥ syāt / etena kaṭhinādīnāṃ tāmrādīnām agnyādeḥ dravatvādisvabhāvāntarotpattiḥ pratyuktā / tatrāpi pūrvakasya svarasanirodhitvādvināśe 'gnyāderupādānāccāpara eva dravādisvabhāvaḥ utpannaḥ /

(2.27) sa svayaṃ sthitidharmaiva svahetubhirjanitaḥ, vināśahetorasambhave 'vasthānāt / tasya parasmādvināśo bhavati iti / na ca vināśo nāmāparaḥ svabhāvaḥ, bhāvacyutireva vināśaḥ iti cet / nedaṃ vikalpadvayamatikrāmati - kiṃ nityo bhāva utānityaḥ / prāṅnityo bhūtvā paścādanityo bhavatīti ca bruvāṇo bhāvadvayaṃ cāha nityānityasvabhāvabhedam / prāktanasya nityābhimatasya svabhāvasya svayaṃ nāśaṃ bruvāṇaḥ sarvadaiva nāśamanāśaṃ ca prāheti pūrvasmin vināśaheturasamartha eva /

na prāṅnityo bhūtvā paścādanityaḥ bhavati, kiṃ tarhi, paścādapi nitya eva, ekasvabhāvatvāt / sa tarhi bhāvaḥ svabhāvena nāśamanāviśan kathaṃ naṣṭo nāma? tatsvabhāvavināśayoḥ aparaspararūpatvāt / tasmāt satyasya vināśe vināśasvabhāvena tena bhavitavyaṃ, tathāpi vināśaheturvyartha ityuktam / tena svabhāvato naścare 'naśvare vā bhāve na vināśahetorupayogaḥ /

(2.28) tasmādvināśaṃ pratyanapekṣo bhāvastadbhāvaniyataḥ iti yaḥ san sa vināśī naśvaratāyā nivṛttau sattvanivṛtirityanvayavyatirekasiddhiḥ /

svabhāvato naśvaratve 'pi kaścidatatsvabhāvo 'pi syāt / na hi sarvaḥ sarvasya svabhāva iti na tatribandhanānvayavyatirekāsiddhiriti cet / na, akṣaṇikatve 'vastutvaprasaṅgāt / śaktirhi bhāvalakṣaṇam / sarvaśaktivirahaḥ punarabhāvalakṣaṇam / na caivākṣaṇikasya kvacit kācit śaktirasti, kramayaugapadyābhyāṃ kāryakriyāśakti virahāt / itthaṃ ca yat sattat kṣaṇikameveti vyāptisiddhiḥ /


(3.1) arthāntare gamye kāryaṃ heturavyabhicārāt / kāryakāraṇabhāvena gamakatve sarvathā gamyagamakabhāvaḥ syāt, sarvathā janyajanakabhāvād iti cet / na / tadabhāve bhavatastadutpattiniyamābhāvāt / tasmāt kāryaṃ svabhāvairyāvadbhiravinābhāvi kāraṇe teṣāṃ hetuḥ / tatkāryatvaniyamāt / taireva ca dharmairye tairvinā na bhavanti / aṃśena janyajanakabhāvaprasaṅga iti cet / na, tajjanyaviśeṣagrahaṇe 'bhimatatvāt liṅga viśeṣopādhīnāṃ ca sāmānyānām / aviśiṣṭasāmānyavivakṣāyāṃ vyabhicāra iti gamakatvaṃ neṣyate /

(3.2) kasyacitkadācitkutaścidbhāve 'pi sarvastādṛśastathāvidhajanmeti kuto 'vasitam, tathā ca nānvayavyatirekāviti cet / na, atadbhāvinastasya sakṛdapi tato 'bhāvāt / parasparāpekṣayā janyajanakasvabhāvalakṣaṇe kāryakāraṇe / tatra yadi dhūmo 'gnyādisāmagjyā anyato 'pi bhavettadā tasya tajjanyaḥ svabhāvo na bhavatīti sakṛdapi tato na bhavet / arthāntaravat / nāpi sāmagrī taṃ janayed atajjananasvabhāvatvāt / sāmagjyantaravat / na ca dhūmasya tadatajjanyaḥ svabhāvo yuktaḥ / ekasvabhāvatvāt / dhūmādhūmajananasvabhāvād bhavato dhūmādhūmasvabhāvaḥ syāt / kāryasvabhāvānāṃ kāraṇasvabhāvakṛtatvāt / akāraṇāpekṣaṇe cāhetukatvaprasaṅgāt / tasmādyo dhūmajananaḥ so 'gnyādisāmagrīviśeṣo yaḥ agnyādisāmagrīviśeṣeṇa janitaḥ sa eva dhūmo bhavatīti kāryakāraṇayorevaṃ svabhāvasya niyamāt tadvijātīyādutpattirna bhavati /

tadyādṛśaṃ kāryaṃ yādṛśāt kāraṇād dṛṣṭamekadā tattanna vyabhicarati / tena siddhe kāryakāraṇabhāve kāryasya kāraṇena vyāptiḥ siddhā bhavati /

(3.3) nanu vijātīyādapi kiñcid bhavad dṛṣṭaṃ tadyathā go mayādeḥ śālūkādiḥ / na vijātīyādutpattiḥ / tathāvidhameva hi tādṛśāmādinimittamiti na kāraṇabhedaḥ / prabandhena vṛttau tu śarād bhavati / asti ca gomayetarajanmanoḥ svabhāvabhedaḥ rūpasyābhede 'pi / na hi ākāratulyataiva bhāvānāṃ tattve nimittam, abhinnākārāṇāmapi keṣāñcidanyato viśeṣājjātibhedadarśanāt / anyathā hi vilakṣaṇāyā api sāmagrayā avilakṣaṇakāryotpattau na kāraṇabhedābhedābhyāṃ kāryabhedābhedāvityahetukau viśvasya bhedābhedau syātām / tathā hi na bhedādbheda iti abhedādapi nābhedaḥ / tadvyatiriktaśca na kaścidbhāvasvabhāva ityahetukatvādbhāvānāṃ nityaṃ sattvamasattvaṃ vā syāt / apekṣayā hi bhāvāḥ kādācitkā bhavanti / vyavasthāvāṃśca sādhyeṣu sādhananiyogo na syāt / kāraṇaśaktipratiniyame hi kiñcideva kasyacit sādhanāyopādīyeta, nāparaṃ, tasyaiva tatra śakteḥ, anyasya cāśakteḥ tayostajjananetarasvabhāvatvena bhedāt / tajjananasvabhāvavilakṣaṇādapi tasyotpattau na tajjananaśaktipratiniyama iti yat kiñcit yataḥ kutaścitsyāt / tajjananaśaktisāmye tu tadeveti na kāryaṃ duṣṭaṃ kāraṇaṃ vyabhicarati /


(4.1) upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhirabhāvasyābhāvavyavahārasya vā hetuḥ / atropalabdherupalabhamānadharmatve tajjñānamupalabdhiḥ / tasmādanyopalabdhiranupalabdhirvivakṣitopalabdheranyatvāt, abhakṣyāsparśanīyavatparyudāsavṛttyā / upalabhyamānadharmatve svaviṣayavijñānajananayogyatālakṣaṇo viṣayasvabhāvaḥ upalabdhiḥ / yogyatāyā bhāvasvarūpatvāt / tasmādanya upalambhajananayogya evānupalabdhiḥ pūrvavat / yatra yasmitrupalabhyamāne niyamena yasyopalabdhiḥ bhavati yogyatāyā aviśeṣāt satatsaṃsṛṣṭaḥ ekajñānasaṃsargāt / tayoḥ satornaikarūpaniyatā pratipattirasambhavāt / tasmādaviśiṣṭayogyatārūpayoḥ ekajñānasaṃsargiṇostayoḥ parasparāpekṣamevānyatvamihābhipretaṃ, pratyāsatterāśrayaṇāt /

sa kevalastadapekṣayā tadanyaśceducyate tadā tajjñānaṃ tatsvabhāvo vā jñātṛjñeya dharmalakṣaṇānupalabdhiḥ / sābhāvaṃ pratiyogino 'bhāvavyavahāraṃ vā sādhayati /

(4.2) kathamanyabhāvastadabhāvo yena bhāvarūpānupalabdhirabhāvamabhāvavyavahāraṃ vā sādhayediti cet / uktamatra yathā paryudāsavṛttyāpekṣātaḥ tadvivikto 'rthastajjñānaṃ vābhāvo 'nupalabdhiścocyata iti / na pratiṣedhamātraṃ, tasya sādhanāsiddherabhāvavyavahārāsiddhiprasaṅgāt / tasyāsaṃsṛṣṭarūpasya bhāvasiddhirevāparasyābhāvasiddhirityanyabhāvo 'pi tadabhāva iti vyapadiśyate / anyabhāvalakṣaṇo 'bhāvaḥ svayaṃ pramāṇasiddhastadabhāvavyavahāraṃ sādhayet, tatsiddhisiddho veti na kaścidviśeṣo yenānupalabdhyābhāvavyavahārasiddhervirodhaḥ syāt /

(4.3) sa evānyabhāvastadviṣayā copalabdhistadabhāvasya kiṃ na sādhanam? kiṃ punarabhāvasya siddhireva tadabhāvasiddhiḥ? iti cet / apṛthaksiddheḥ sambandhābhāvācca /

anyabhāvastāvatra sādhanam / yatsiddhau yasya na siddhistattasya liṅgaṃ bhavati dhūmāgnivat / anyabhāvasiddhayaiva tadabhāvaḥ prasidhyati, tasya tadanyāsaṃsṛṣṭarūpasya tattvavyavasthāpakena pramāṇenaivānyavyavaccedasiddheḥ /

(4.4) sambandhābhāvācca tacca tasya liṅgaṃ yadi syāt, tasya tena kaścitsambandho bhavet / yathā kṛtakatvasyānityatvena ekārthasamavāyo dhūmasya vā liṅginaikārthasamavāyaḥ / ādhārādheyabhāvo vā janyajanakabhāvo vā / naivaṃ kaścid bhāvābhāvayoḥ sambandhaḥ yenāsyānyabhāvaḥ sādhanaṃ syāt / asti viṣayaviṣayibhāvaḥ śabdārthasambandhavaditi cet / śabdārthayoḥ tatpratipādanābhiprāye sati tatprayogāt kāryakāraṇalakṣaṇo 'vinābhāvalakṣaṇo vā sambandhaḥ syāt / ayaṃ cātra na sambhavati yataḥ viṣayaviṣayibhāvaḥ syāt / siddhe hi tayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāve tanmukhena viṣayaviṣabhibhāvaḥ syāt / sa eva cāsati sambandhe na sidhyati / anyathetaretarāśrayamidaṃ syāt /

(4.5) anyabhāvāccābhāvasiddhāvasamudāyaśca sādhyaḥ syāt / tathā ca ghaṭābhāvastadanyabhāvāt iti ghaṭasya sarvatra sarvadā cābhāvaḥ prasajyeta / na, pradeśādirdharmī ghaṭābhāvena viśeṣyata iti tadviśeṣaṇabhūto 'bhāvaḥ sādhyate na tu kevalaḥ / tato nāsamudāyasya sādhyatā / na ca liṅgaliṅganorasambandhaḥ, anyabhāvasya pradeśādinā sambandhād iti cet / na, pradeśāderevānyabhāvatvāt / yatraiva hi pradeśādau yatrāstīti ucyate sa eva tenāsaṃsṛṣṭo 'nyabhāvaḥ / taddarśanādevāsya ghaṭo nāsti iti vikalpo bhavati iti kathaṃ tasyaiva liṅgaliṅgibhāvaḥ?

(4.6) na cātra sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvakalpanā sambhavati yena sāmānyaṃ heturbhaved viśeṣo dharmāti, tadviśeṣapratipattereva tadabhāvasya pratīteḥ, tasyānyatrānvayasyābhāvāt pratijñārthaikadeśatvācca na hetutā / na ca yatra pradeśamātraṃ tatra ghaṭābhāvaḥ / tādṛśe kevale pradeśe sarvatrābhāva iti cet / nanu tasyaiva kaivalyaṃ ghaṭavirahaḥ / sa ca tatpratipattāveva siddha iti kasya idānīṃ talliṅgam? anvayasyānugamanamapi nirarthakam / tasmādanyabhāvo na sādhanamabhāvasya /

(4.7) asti virodhaḥ sambandhaḥ tato 'nyabhāvādabhāvasya siddhiḥ iti cet / kena kasya virodho 'nyabhāvena pratiyoginaḥ kiṃ nu vai pratiyogī pramātumiṣṭo yena liṅgaliṅganorvirodhaḥ sambandhaḥ syāt? abhāvastupratiyogino ghaṭasya anyabhāvena aviruddhaḥ sahāvasthānāt / tasmin prameye liṅgaliṅginoḥ kathaṃ virodhaḥ? tasmātsambandhābhāvaḥ / atrāpi asamudāyasādhyatvaṃ tadavastham /

(4.8) nanu anyabhāvatadabhāvayorasati sambandhe 'nyabhāvagatyāpi tadabhāvagatirna syāditi cet / na vai kutaścit sambandhādanyabhāvastadabhāvagamaka iṣṭaḥ kintu anyabhāva eva tadabhāvo yathoktaṃ prāk / tasyānyāsaṃsṛṣṭarūpasya kevalasyaikātmavyasthitasya tadātmanā pariccedasyaivānyavyavaccedatvāt tasya kaivalyamevāparasya vaikalyamiti tadanyabhāva eva tadabhāvaḥ / tataśca tatpratipattireva tadapratipattiḥ / anyathā tasya pariccedena tato 'nyasya avyavaccede tatparicceda eva na syāt / tadatadrūpayoravivekāt / ya eva vyavahāraḥ kasyacitkvaceddeśe darśanāt prāptiparihārārthaḥ sa na syāt / na hyayamanalaṃ paśyatrapi kevalam analameva paśyatīti kathaṃ salilārthī tatra na praverteta? anupalambhena salilābhāvaḥ pratīyata iti cet / ko 'yamanupalambho nāma? yadi salilopalambhābhāvaḥ tadā kathamabhāvaḥ kasyacitpratipattiḥ pratipattiheturvā? tasyāpi kathaṃ pratipattiḥ? tasya tato vānyasya kasyacidapyapratipattāvapi yadyabhāvaḥ pratīyate tadā svāpamadamūrccāvyavadhānapṛṣṭhībhāvādyavasthāsvapi kiṃ na pratīyate? ityetacca vicāritaṃ pramāṇaviniścaye / tasmādayamanalaṃ paśyatrapi analo 'yaṃ salilam iti nādhyavasyatīti na tiṣṭhetrāpi pratiṣṭheta / tataśca dustaraṃ vyasanaṃ pratipattuḥ syāt /

(4.9) tata evaikasya darśanād anyābhāvagatiścet kathamekaṃ dṛṣṭamanyatrāstīti pratyāyayati? tasyaiva kevalasya darśanād iti cet / idamevāsmābhiḥ prāgabhihitaṃ kasmāttavātra paruṣamivābhāti? tasmāttīrādarśineva śakuninā dūraparyaṭayāpi pratyāgantavyamityalam avidyamānapratiṣṭhānayā diśaḥ pratipattyā /

(4.10) yadyekapariccedādevānyavyavaccedaḥ sidhyati tadā sarvasyānyasya aviśeṣeṇa tatrābhāvasiddhirbhavet / na tu tulyayogyāvasthasyaiva / upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhirabhāvasādhanīti ca viśeṣaṇaṃ na vaktavyam, anupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptānāmapi tatra vyavaccedāt /

(4.11) ekātmapariccedāt tasya tadanyātmavyavaccedo bhavati tadātmaniyatapratibhāsajñānāt na hi tadātmā tadanyasyātmā bhavati / anyātmāvyavaccede pravṛttinivṛttyoḥ abhāva iti pūrvaḥ prasaṅgaḥ / taṃ ca deśakālasvabhāvāvasthāniyataṃ tadātmanopalabhamānā buddhiḥ tathātvapracyutimasya vyavaccinati / evaṃ hi taddeśādiniyataḥ pariccitro bhavati, yadi anyathābhāvo vyavaccinno bhavatiḥ tathātvaṃ ca tasyaiva bhavati nānyasyeti anyathābhūtāttathābhūtaṃ vyavaccindatyeva tat pariccinati / evamekapramāṇavṛttiḥ sarvabhāvān dvairāśye vyavasthāpayati / tasyānvayavyatirekabuddhijanakatvenaiva sāphalyāt / tadvayatiriktāśeṣavyavaccedena vyāptisādhanādeva prakārāntarasyābhāvaḥ sidhyati / tasya tadanyatayā vyāptyabhāve tena tadarthāvyavaccedātpunarapi bhāvasyāpariccedaprasaṅgāt /

(4.12) tasmātkvacitpramāṇaṃ pravṛttaṃ tat pariccinatti, tadanyad vyavaccināti, tṛtīyaprakārābhāvaṃ ca sūcayati iti ekapramāṇavyāpāra eṣaḥ / tathāhi kvacitpramāṇaṃ pravṛtaṃ tadeva tadanyasmād vyavaccinattī, tasyaiva pariccedāt / tadanyadeva ca tasmād vyavaccinatti anyasya tatra apariccedāt / atastadeva pramāṇaṃ prakārāntabhāvaṃ sādhayati, tasmin dṛṣṭatadanyatvena sarvasyaiva vyasthāpanāt, atadanyasyaiva ca tattvena vyavasthāpanāt /

etena kramākramādayo 'pyanyonyavyavaccedarūpā vyākhytāḥ /

tadevamekasyopalambhāttasya tadanyātmano vyavaccedaḥ / na taddeśakālayoḥ sarvasyānyasya bhāvasya vyavaccedaḥ / tasmādatadatmā ca syāttaddeśakālaśca, rasarūpādivat / tasmādyathoktādevānupalambhātkvacit kadācitkasyacidabhāvasiddhiḥ /

(4.13) anyabhāvaviṣayasyopalabdhirapi tadabhāvasya sādhikeṣṭaiva na tu liṅgatvena / tatrāpyabhāvasya pṛthak sādhyatve sambandhābhāvasya tulyatvāt / liṅgāvirbhāvakāla eva tadabhāvasiddheśca / na hi anyasya bhāvaṃ pratipadya tatpratipatteḥ anvayavyatirekau prasādhya tadabhāvaṃ pratipadyate / kiṃ tarhi? tadanyaṃ pratipadyamāna eva tadabhāvaṃ pratipadyate / darśanānantaram idamasti idaṃ tu nāsti iti vyavasthāpanāt / tacca tasya liṅgaṃ bhavati yasyānvayi vyatireko ca / dṛṣṭāntāsiddheḥ / na hi evaṃ śakyaṃ darśayituṃ yatra anyabhāvopalabdhistatra tadabhāvaḥ iti / tadekopalabdheḥ kvacidapyabhāvāt / sāmānyena pradarśane dṛṣṭānte 'pi pramāṇāntaraṃ nāsti, kiṃtu saiva tadanyabhāvopalabdhiḥ sādhyadharmasya sādhiketi anavasthā dṛṣṭāntānāmityapratipattiḥ / tasmāt naiva kutaścilliṅgāt tadabhāvasiddhiḥ / so 'nyabhāvaḥ pratyakṣalakṣaṇenānupalambhena siddhaḥ san mūḍhapratipattāvabhāvavyavahāraṃ sādhayed iti alaṃ prasaṅgena /

(4.14) seyamanupalabdhistridhā / siddhe kāryakāraṇabhāve siddhābhāvasya kāraṇasyānupalabdhiḥ, vyāpyavyāpakabhāvasiddhau siddhābhāvasya vyāpakasyānupalabdhiḥ svabhāvānupalabdhiśca / tatra kāraṇavyāpakayorapi abhāvavyavahāraḥ tadanyabhāvasiddhayaiva sidhyati / sa tathā siddhaḥ san kāryavyāpyayorabhāvam abhāvavyavahāraṃ vā sādhayati / svabhāvānupalabdhau tu anupalabdhyā liṅgabhūtayā abhāvavyavahāra eva sādhyate /

(4.15) yadi kāraṇavyāpakau tadanyabhāvasiddhayānupalabdhyā siddhāsad vyavahārāvanyasyābhāvamabhāvavyavahāṃra ca sādhayataḥ / sā ca tayorupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptāvevāsadvyavahārasya sādhiketi kathaṃ tayoḥ parokṣe 'rtheprayogaḥ? naiva prayogaḥ pramāṇatayā, liṇgasyāniścayāt / kevalaṃ kāraṇavyāpakayorhi siddhasambandhayoryadyabhāvaḥ parasyāpi avaśyamabhāvaḥ iti etasya darśanārthamete prayujyete iti / eṣa eva pakṣadharmo 'nvayavyatirekavān iti tadaṃśena vyāptaḥ trilakṣaṇa eva trividha eva heturgamakaḥ svaśādhyadharmāvyabhicārāt /


(5.1) ṣaḍliṅgo heturityapare / trīṇi caitāni abādhitaviṣayatvaṃ vivakṣitaikasaṃkhyatvaṃ jñātatvaṃ ceti / tatrābādhitaviṣayatvaṃ tāvat pṛthag lakṣaṇaṃ na bhavati, bādhāvinābhāvayorvirodhāt / avinābhāvo hi satyeva sādhyadharme bhāvo hetoḥ / sa hetustallakṣaṇaḥ dharmiṇi syād atra ca sādhyadharmaḥ kathaṃ na bhavet? pratyakṣānumāne hi sādhyadharmaṃ bādhamāne taṃ dharmiṇo niṣkāsayataḥ tasmiṃśca satyeva heturbhavan taṃ tatraivāvasthāpayatīti paraṃ bata bhāvānāmasvāsthyam /

anyatra sādhyadharmeṇāvinābhāvī heturna punaḥ sādhyadharmiṇeveti cet / tat kimayaṃ tapasvī śaṇḍhamudvāhya putraṃ mṛgayate? yasya dharmiṇyasatyapi sādhyadharme bhāvaḥ, tamupadarśya kathaṃ sa dharmī sādhyadharmavānityucyate?

(5.2) ata eva bādhābhāva uktaḥ / syādetad, yata eva heturanyathāpi bhavedata eva pramāṇābhyāmabādhitadharmā dharmītyucyata iti /

tatkimidānīṃ hetoḥ sāmarthyam? abādhayaiva sādhyasiddhervyartho hetuḥ / bādhāyāmapi sādhyābhāvasya tena sādhanāt kutaḥ sādhanasya sāmarthyam / aniyame bādhakapramāṇavṛttau sādhyābhāvasya, bādhakapramāṇasyābhāvaḥ sādhyābhāvasya ca saṃbhavaḥ syāditi na sāmarthyamabādhāyāḥ /

(5.3) na bādhāyā abhāvo 'bādhā / kiṃ tarhi? bādhāyā anupalabdhiḥ sā ca puruṣasya kvacid bādhāyāḥ saṃbhave 'pi syāditi sa hetuprayogasya viṣayaḥ / kiṃ nu vai heturbādhopalabdherbibheti na punarbādhāyā yena bādhāmanādṛtya tadanupalabdhau prayoktavya iṣṭaḥ? sa tarhi paramārthena- 'bādhā kimasti nāsti' ityanapekṣya bādhāyā anupalabdhau prayoktavyaḥ? kimarthaṃ prayujyate? sādhyasiddhayartham / sa kiṃ kvacit satyāmapi bādhāyāṃ sādhyaṃ sādhayed yenāsyā abhāvaniścayaṃ prati yatno na kriyate hetuśca pratyujyate / evaṃ ca sati abādhitaviṣayatvaṃ hetulakṣaṇaṃ na bhavati / bādhāyāmapi satyāmasya sāmarthyāt / tathā ca saṃśayitasya pravṛttirna yujyate / yathā ca bādhānupalabdhau tāmabhyupagamya prayujyate tathā tadupalabdhāvapi prayujyatām, abhyupagame viśeṣābhāvāt /

(5.4) na bādhāyāṃ satyāṃ hetoḥ sāmarthyamiti cet / yadyevam, anirṇītabādhāsambhavo hetuḥ prayogaṃ hārhati, mā bhūt bādhāyāḥ saṃbhavapakṣe prayuktasyāpyasāmarthyamiti /

bādhānupalambhe sati sāmarthyamiti cet / kimupalambho bādhāṃ vyāpnoti, yato hetorbādhāsambhavakṛtam asāmarthyaṃ na sambhavet? atha tannivṛttau bādhā nivartate / tathāpi bādhānupalambhādeva sādhyāsiddhervyartho hetuḥ / anupalambhe bādhāyā asambhavāt / upalambhasya nivṛttāvapi bādhāyā anivṛttau tadavasthaṃ hetorasāmarthyamityaprayogaḥ / tasmāt svasādhyabhāvābhāvādhyāmanyathāpi bhavanhetuḥ dharmiṇi na kiñcidbhāvayati na vibhāvayati iti tadupakṣepo na samarthaḥ / iti bādhāvinābhāvayorvirodhaḥ / tatrābādhā rūpāntaram /

(5.5) tatrāma tasmād viśeṣaṇāntaraṃ bhavet lakṣaṇāntaratvena copādānamarhati yasya bhāve 'pi yasya aparasyābhāvaḥ syāt / tadyathā pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe ca bhāva iti / n acaitad abādhāyā avinābhāve sati sambhavati iti na sādhyaviparyayāvinābhāvinorhetuviruddhayorviṣaye bādhā saṃbhavati iti na tadabhāvaḥ pṛthaganayorlakṣaṇāntaratvena vācyaḥ / tasmād hetoḥ prayoge pratijñādoṣāṇāṃ saṃbhavo nāsti / nāpi kevalā pratijñaiva prayujyate / tataśca na pratijñādoṣā vācyāḥ /

(5.6) etena ekasaṃkhyāvivakṣāpi pratyuktā /

katham? eko hi hetuḥ svasādhyabhāva eva bhavediti tatrāvyabhicārī tatraiva tasmādanyo 'pi kathaṃ heturbhavati? ekasya yat sādhyaṃ tadabādhakasya dharmasya bhāva eva bhāvāditi bādhayā samānam /

(5.7) api ca / kiṃ yo vastuto 'sambhavatpratihetuḥ sa samyagjñānasya viparyayasya vā heturiṣṭa āhosvidapradarśitapratihetuḥ? kiṃ cātaḥ?

yadyasambhavatpratihetuḥ aśakyaniścayatvādalakṣaṇametad hetvabhāvo vā / na hi aniścitātmanaḥ pratipādakadharmasya tallakṣaṇatvaṃ yathā sandigdhasya pakṣadharmatvasya / nāpi sandigdhalakṣaṇo heturbhavediti na kaścid heturbhavet / tulye lakṣaṇe di dṛṣṭaḥ pratiyoginaḥ saṃbhavo 'dṛṣṭapratiyogiṣu api śaṃkāmutpādayati viśeṣābhāvāt / sati vā viśeṣe sa viśeṣo hetorlakṣaṇam / yatastadviśeṣād heturekāntena nirastapratipakṣaḥ svasādhyaṃ niścāyayatīti atallakṣaṇo na hetuḥ syāt tathā ca vyarthā ekasaṃkhyāvivakṣā / ato viruddhāvyabhicāriṇo lakṣaṇaṃ hīyeta svalakṣaṇayuktayorhetvorekatra dharmiṇi virodhenopanipāte sati viruddhāvyabhicārī iti /

(5.8) na ca tasya viśeṣasya svarūpaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ, yadrūpaṃ pratītya pratiyoginaḥ sambhavāsambhavāvutpaśyāmaḥ / tasmātrāstyevaṃ viśeṣa iti sarvatra śaṅkayā bhavitavyam /

dṛṣṭapratihetorapi hetoḥ prāgitareṇa na kaścidviśeṣo lakṣyate / na ca saṃbhavatpratihetūnāmapi sarvadā tasyopalabdhiḥ / atiśayavatī tu prajñā pratihetūtprekṣiṇī dṛṣṭā / tenāniścayaḥ pratiyoginaḥ saṃbhavāsaṃbhavayoriti vastuto / sambhavatpratihetutvalakṣaṇasya aniścitatvātra kaścid hetuḥ syāt /

(5.9) athāpradarśitapratihetuḥ yathāha, "yadā tarhi śabdatvaṃ nityamabhyupagaccati tadāyaṃ hetureva syād yadyatra anityatvahetuṃ kṛtakatvādi kaścitra darśayed " iti / idamidānīṃ sumahad vyasanamāyātaṃ gurubhirabhihitatvādaprakāśyaṃ, nyāyamanupālayadbhirasaṃvaraṇīyamiti kaṣṭataraṃ vyasanaṃ kathaṃ nirvoḍhuṃ śakyeta? sa tāvadayaṃ hetuḥ vastūni svasādhyaprakṛtīni kṛtvā tatpramāṇakān puruṣān abhyudayaniḥ śreyasābhyāṃ yojayitvā punaśca pratibhāvatā puruṣeṇa hetvantaranidarśanena utkīlitasādhanasāmarthyaḥ tāni vastūni tadbhāvasampadastāṃśca puruṣān abhyudayaniḥ śreyasasampadaḥ pracyāvya bhraṣṭarājya iva rājā tapovanaṃ gaccatīti kimatra brūmaḥ /

(5.10) puruṣapratibhākṛtaṃ hi yadi sādhanatvaṃ syāt tadā na kiñcit sādhanamasādhanaṃ vā / sa ca heturyadi svabhāvatastaddharmabhāvī tadā kathamanyathā kriyeta? vastusvabhāvānyathābhāvasyābhāvāt / ekasya ca viruddhobhayasvabhāvasyābhāvāt / ataddharmabhāvī ca kathamanyadāpi sādhanaṃ kasyacit / tasmāt svabhāvataḥ svasvasādhyāvinābhāvinoryathoktalakṣaṇayoḥ kāryasvabhāvahetvoḥ tallakṣaṇasya pratihetorasaṃbhavādalakṣaṇamekasaṃkhyāvivakṣā, vyavaccedyābhāvāt /

(5.11) jñānaṃ punarna liṅgasyātmarūpamiti kathaṃ liṅgalakṣaṇaṃ bhaviṣyati / kiṃrūpād hetoranumeyo 'rtho jñātavya iti cintāyāṃ pratipatturavisaṃvādakalingasvarūpamabhidhīyate yasya darśanād ayaṃ pravibhāgena sādhanaṃ vyavasthāpya tasyeṣṭārthasaṃnidhānasaṃpratyayāt pravṛttimavalambate / tathā yadasyātmarūpaṃ tallakṣaṇaṃ na tu pararūpam / pratipattijanmani upayogamātrāt tallakṣaṇatve prameyapuruṣādīnāmapi tallakṣaṇatvaṃ bhavet / na hi teṣvapi asatsu liṅgini jñānaṃ bhavati /

(5.12) niścitagrahaṇaṃ tarhi na kartavyam / na, tasyānyārthatvāt / sapakṣavipakṣayordarśanādarśanamātrato gamakaṃ hetumiccatāṃ naiva samartho heturbhavati satorapi darśanādarśanayoragamakatvadarśanāt / tena bhāvābhāvābhyāmeva gamako heturiti jñāpanārtha niścitagrahaṇam / tena pararūpaṃ liṅgasya lakṣaṇaṃ na bhavati, tena liṅgasya rūpaviśeṣānamidhānāt / tau hi bhāvābhāvau tadbhāvasādhakapramāṇavṛttyā boddhavyau, upāyāntarābhāvāt /

(5.13) yadyapi bhāvābhāvavacanamātreṇa tatsādhanapramāṇavṛttiḥ ākṣipyate, anyathā tayoreva sattā prasiddheḥ, jñānasattānibandhanatvājjñeyasattāvyavasthāyāḥ iti sarvatra jñeyasattāvyavasthaiva tatsādhanaṃ pramāṇamākarṣatiḥ parārthatvācca śāstrapraṇayanasyaḥ trirūpaṃ liṅgaṃ saṃvādakamiti tadrūpamapratipattṛṇāṃ tataḥ pravṛttirna bhavatīti paropalakṣaṇātvādeva pravartake jñānaṃ siddhamḥ tathāpi tāveva viśiṣṭau bhāvābhāvau kecid darśanādarśanamātreṇa vyavasthāpayantīti teṣāṃ niṣedhārtho 'yaṃ niścitaśabdaḥ prayuktaḥ / satorapi bhāvābhāvadarśanayoḥ anvayavyatirekayoḥ saṃśayāt / tasmāt pratibandhasādhakapramāṇavṛttyaiva bhāvābhāvau sidhyata iti vipratipattinirāsārthamasmābhirniścitagrahaṇaṃ kṛtam /

yato 'pi trairūpyavacanamātreṇa tatsādhanapramāṇākṣepasiddhiḥ, na jñānaṃ pṛthagato rūpāntaraṃ bhavati, tenaivāvagatatvād, upalayārthavat pakṣadharmatvāt /

(5.14) anvayavyatirekayorapi tarhi na pṛthakatvam, ekasya prayogādubhayagateriti cet / na / hetoḥ sapakṣāsapakṣayorbhāvābhāvau na parasparamākṣipataḥ / ekaṃ vākyamubhayaṃ gamayatītyucyate naiko 'rthaḥ svabhāvo dvitīyasyeti / nanu tatraiva bhāva ityatra tadarthatayā tadabhāve 'bhāvo gamyate, atadbhāve 'vaśyamabhāva ityatra ca tadbhāve bhāva iti parasparākṣepa iti cet / vacanametat sāmarthyādubhayamākṣipati ekasyāpi niyamakhyāpakasya dvitīyākṣepanāntarīyakatvāt / na ca tāvatobhayorekasvabhāvatā / pṛthagabhidhānaṃ tu prayoganiyamārtham / na punaḥ kevalau bhāvābhāvau parasparamākṣipataḥ / niyamavantau ca na kevalau niyamasyobhayarūpatvāt /

(5.15) tasmāt tatraiva bhāva iti na bhāva evocyate itareṇāpi nā bhāva eva yena bhāvo 'bhāvo vā dvitīyamākṣipet / naivaṃ jñānaṃ, paropalakṣaṇaśāstrāgṛhītajñānāt trailakṣaṇyādavyatirekāditi na lakṣaṇāntaram / tasmātra hetuḥ ṣaḍlakṣaṇaḥ / hetubindurācāryadharmakīrtikṛtaḥ samāptaḥ /