Upayahrdaya (reconstructed text) = Uh
Based on the edition by G. Tucci: Pre-Diṅnāga Buddhist texts on Logic from Chinese Sources.
Baroda 1929 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series, 49).
reprint: Nepal: Pilgrims Book House, 1998, 1-40. (Reconstructed Text)


Input by members of the Sanskrit Buddhist Input Project.
With kind permission of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project
of Nagarjuna Institute, Nepal
and University of the West, Rosemead, California, USA
(www.uwest.edu/sanskritcanon)
Sastra section, text no. 70


The transliteration emulates the conventions of Nagari script.
Therefore, many word boundaries are not marked by blanks.


BOLD for references to Tucci's edition (added)



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description:multibyte sequence:
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long A Ā
long i ī
long I Ī
long u ū
long U Ū
vocalic r ṛ
vocalic R Ṛ
long vocalic r ṝ
vocalic l ḷ
vocalic L Ḷ
long vocalic l ḹ
velar n ṅ
velar N Ṅ
palatal n ñ
palatal N Ñ
retroflex t ṭ
retroflex T Ṭ
retroflex d ḍ
retroflex D Ḍ
retroflex n ṇ
retroflex N Ṇ
palatal s ś
palatal S Ś
retroflex s ṣ
retroflex S Ṣ
anusvara ṃ
visarga ḥ
long e ē
long o ō
l underbar ḻ
r underbar ṟ
n underbar ṉ
k underbar ḵ
t underbar ṯ

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Upāyahṛdayam /

atha prathamaṃ prakaraṇam /

etādvādāvabodhena vādadharmāvabodhanam /
vistareṇa ca gambhīro 'yamartho 'trābhidhīyate //

vādo na kartavyaḥ / kasmāt? prāyeṇa hi vādakārakāṇāṃ sañjātavipulakrodhamadamattānāṃ svayaṃ vibhrāntacittānāṃ manaso 'natimṛdutā parapāpaprakāśakatvaṃ svapāṇḍityānumodakatvañcetyādayo doṣā budhirnirbhatsitāḥ / tasmādāryajanā asaṃkhyeyopāyairvivādachedakāstatparihāraprītāśca viṣabhājanaparityāgādiva / vādakārakāṇāñcāntaraṃ vastuto mṛdvapi paraṃ bahirbahudoṣaṃ dṛśyate / tasmātsvahitaparahitābhilāṣiṇaite vivādadharmāḥ praheyāḥ /

atrocyate / maivaṃ, naiṣa vādaprārambhaḥ paribhavalābhakhyātyartho 'pi tu sulakṣaṇadurlakṣaṇopadeśecchayaiva vādasya prārambhaḥ /

yadīha loke vādo na bhavet, mugdhānāṃ bāhulyaṃ syāt / tataśca laukikamithyājñānakuśalatāsahacarabhrāntisamudbhūtakukarmabhiḥ saṃsāradurgatiḥ sadarthahāniśca /

vādāvagame tu svayaṃ sulakṣadurlakṣaṇaśūnyalakṣaṇaparijñānatvāt sarve mārāstīrthikā mithyādṛṣṭimanuṣyāśca viheṭhanāsamarthā (# Uh 4#) apratibandhakārāśca / tasmātsattvahitecchayeha loke saddharmasya pracārecchayā ca mayaiṣa samyagvāda ārabhyate /

yathāsraphalaparipuṣṭikāmena tat(phala)parirakṣaṇārthaṃ bahirbahutīkṣṇakaṇṭakanikaravinyāsaḥ kriyate /

vādārambho 'pi tathaivādhunā saddharmmarakṣaṇecchayā na tu khyātilābhāya / yaduktaṃ (bhavatā) pūrvaṃ [eṣa vādo] vivādapravardhaka iti / tadayuktam / dharmarakṣaṇārthameva hi vāda ārabdhavyaḥ /

āha / yaduktaṃ pūrvaṃ bhavatā yadyetaṃ vādaṃ jānīyādvādadharmānavagacchediti vaktavyametasya lakṣaṇam /

atrocyate / tasya vādasyāṣṭavidho bhedaḥ / tadarthagatiprajñānasāmarthye paravādāvagamaḥ, yathā dhānyamuptvā siktā codakena tasya puṣṭiḥ samṛddhiśca sādhyate / tṛṇādyanutsāraṇe tūṭkṛṣṭāṅkurā na jāyante / yadi kaścidetamaṣṭāvidhaṃ [vādaṃ] śṛṇuyādarthantu tasya nāvagacchettadā [tasya] sarveṣu vādeṣu saṃśayo bhavet / yadi kaścidetamaṣṭavidhamarthaṃ parijānīyānniyatameva sarvavādadharmāvagame samartho bhavet /

āha / etadvādaparijñānādeva vādadharmā niyatamavagamyanta iti (bhavato)ktam / atha tīrthikānāṃ vādadharmāḥ santi na vā / atrocyate santyeva / yathā vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ ṣaṭ padārthāḥ / dravyaṃ guṇaḥ sāmānyaṃ viśeṣaḥ karma samavāyaścetyādikavādadharmeṣu svavagateṣvapi parasūtraśāstrāṇāmapratītiḥ /

ato vādanayapratipādanārthaṃ prapañcocchedanārthañcaite 'ṣṭavidhā gambhīrāḥ sadvādadharmāḥ saṃkṣepato mayā kathyante / (# Uh 5#) dṛṣṭāntaḥ siddhānto vākyapraśaṃsā vākyadoṣaḥ pramāṇaṃ prāptakālavākyaṃ hetvābhāso vākchalam /

dṛṣṭānto dvividhaḥ / saṃpūrṇadṛṣṭānta āśiṃkadṛṣṭāntaśca / siddhānto niścitārtha iti / vākyapraśaṃsā vākyasyārthānugamaḥ / vākyadoṣo vākyasya yuktivyatyayaḥ / pramāṇaṃ dvividhajñāpakaheturutpattiheturvyañjanahetuśca / prāptakāla vākyam / yathā yadi pūrvaṃ dhātvāyatanāni vadet / paścāttu pañcaskandhān tadaitadaprāptakālamityucyate / prāptakālavākyaṃ tu vākyakramāvagame / hetvābhāso yathā marīcābudakābhāsaḥ, na tu vastuta udakam / yadi vādī svalaṅkṛtairvākyairudakamiti vadettadā sa hetvābhāsaḥ / vākchalaṃ yathā / navakambala ityukte taddūṣayan vadet / vastraṃ na kālaḥ kathaṃ nava ityucyate / iti chalam / evaṃ samāmato 'ṣṭavidho 'rthaḥ samākhyātaḥ / idānīṃ krameṇa tallakṣaṇāni vistareṇa vyākhyāsyāmaḥ /

āha / ukto bhavatā pūrvaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ / kastāvadupāyo dṛṣṭāntasya sthāpane / atrocyate / dṛṣṭāntavacanaṃ hi yatra pṛthagjanānāmāryāṇāñca buddhisāmyaṃ tadā vaktavyam / yathā cittaṃ cañcalaṃ drutavāyuvat / sarveṣāṃ janānāṃ vāyucāñcalyasya pratīteḥ / tadā cittasthiratāyā niścayaḥ / apratītau dṛṣṭāntālābhaḥ / āha / kasmātsadartha eva nocyate 'pi tu dṛṣṭāntaḥ / atrocyate / dṛṣṭāntavacanaṃ hi sadarthadyotanārtham /

āha / bhavatā pūrvamuktam pṛthagjanānāmāryāṇāñca buddhisāmyadṛṣṭāntalābha iti / kiṃ sāmyaṃ ko vā viśeṣaḥ / atrocyate / pūrvavat / vāyudṛṣṭāntasya sāmyamityucyate / (# Uh 6#) āryāṇāṃ nirvāṇaprāptiḥ pṛthagjanānāṃ tvaprāptirayaṃ viśeṣa ityucyate /

āha / uktaṃ dṛṣṭāntalakṣaṇam / kiṃ punaḥ siddhāntalakṣaṇam / atrocyate / sādhyasya hetubhirvistareṇa sthāpanaṃ nirṇayaśca / etatsiddhāntalakṣaṇam /

āha / siddhāntadharmāḥ kiyantaḥ / atrocyate / catvāraḥ / sarvasamaḥ sarvabhinna ādau samaḥ paścādbhinna ādau bhinnaḥ paścātsamaśca / āha / adhunā bhavataitāni catvāri lakṣaṇāni vyākhyātavyāni /

atrocyate / arthasthāpanamicchatā caturvidhaṃ jñānamāśrayitavyam / kiṃ taccaturvidham / pratyakṣamanumānamupamānamāgamaśca /

sarvasamo yathā, (vādī vadeda)ātmātmīyañca na vidyete, prativadyapi vadedātmātmīyañca na vidyeta ityayaṃ sarvasamaḥ / sarvabhinno yathā, (vādī vadet) pṛthagiti prativādī tu vadedekamityayam sarvabhinnaḥ / ādau samaḥ paścādbhinno yathā, (vādī vadet) sarvaṃ dṛṣṭadharmaṃ sat / ātmā punarapratyakṣo 'pi sag / prativādī vadedyatpratyakṣadharmakaṃ tadeva saditi vaktavyam / ātmā cedapratyakṣaḥ kathaṃ san / anumānena cedātmā sanniti tarhi pratyakṣapūrvakamanumānamiti / apratyakṣadharmaka ātmā kathamanumīyate / yadi punarupamānenātmā sanniti, atha sādharmyapūrvakamupamānamityātmā kenopamīyate / yadi tvāgamenātmā siddha ityucyate tadayuktam / durbodhaṃ hi sūtram / kutracitsanniti kutracidasanniti kathaṃ tatpratītirityayamādau samaḥ paścādbhinnaḥ / ādau bhinnaḥ (# Uh 7#) paścātsamo yathā, (vādī vadeda)ātmātmīyañca na vidyete / prativādī tu vadedastyātmā, asti puruṣaḥ / nirvāṇābhyupagamastrūbhayorvādinoḥ / ayamucyata bhinnaḥ paścātsamaḥ /

api cāparimitāni lakṣaṇāni siddhāntasya, tadyathā dvādaśa nidānāni, duḥkhaṃ, samudayaḥ, nirodhaḥ, mārgaḥ saptatriṃśatpakṣāḥ, catvāri śrāmaṇyaphalānītyādayo dharmā buddhasya samyagarthā ityucyante /

sandhyāpūjā, balidānaṃ, dhūpadīpanaṃ, tailadīpanivedanamiti caturvidhā yājñikatīrthikānāṃ kriyā /

triṣaṣṭyakṣarāṇāṃ caturṇāṃ ca padānāmartha iti śābdikāstīrthikāḥ /

oṣadhividyā ṣaḍvidhā / oṣadhināma, oṣadhiguṇaḥ, oṣadhirasaḥ, oṣadhivīryaṃ, sannipātaḥ, vipākaśceti bhaiṣājyadharmāḥ /

ṣaṭpadārthā vaiśeṣikāṇām //

pradhanasyaikyaṃ puruṣā bahavaḥ / [teṣāṃ ca] vimuktiriti sāṃkhyāḥ /

aṣṭau sūkṣmāṇi yathā / catvāri mahābhūtāni buddhirākāśo, vidyā, avidyā, aṣṭaiśvaryāṇi [tadyathā] aṇimā, mahimā, laghimā, prāptiḥ, prākāmyaṃ, kāyavibhāgaḥ, īśitvaṃ tirobhāvaśca / iti yogatīrthikāḥ /

jīvo 'jīvaḥ pāpaṃ puṇyamāśravaḥ, nirjarā, sambaraḥ, bandhaḥ, mokṣaḥ / pañcajñānāni [tadyathā] śrutajñānaṃ, matijñānaṃ, avadhijñānaṃ, manaḥparyāyajñānaṃ, kevalajñānam / ṣaḍāvaraṇāni, (# Uh 8#) darśanāvaraṇaṃ, duḥkhavedanīyāvaraṇaṃ, mohāvaraṇamāyurāvaraṇaṃ, gotrāvaraṇaṃ, nāmāvaraṇañca / catvāraḥ kaṣāyāḥ [tadyathā] krodhaḥ, mānaḥ, lābhaḥ, māyā ceti nirgranthadharmāḥ /

apare 'pi santi ye vadanti sarvamekaṃ sadbhāvājjñeyam / sarvadharmāṇāṃ ca guṇavattvādaikyam, kiñca pradhānāt samutpannaṃ sarvamekaṃ jñeyamekamūlatvā ityevamekavādinastīrthikāḥ /

apare vadanti / sarvaṃ pṛthak / kuta iti cet / yathā śiraḥpadādi kāyātpṛthak / api ca lakṣaṇapṛthaktaṃ yathā vṛṣabho 'śvavilakṣaṇaḥ / tasmātsarvaṃ pṛthagiti jñeyam / iti pṛthagvādinastīrthikāḥ /

atha kathaṃ sarvamekaṃ sadbhāvāditi / yataḥ saddhi dvedhā cetanamacetanañca / tatkathamekaṃ hetuvaiṣamyāṃditi / evaṃ dharmāṇāṃ samāsato dūṣaṇam /

yadi punaḥ kaścidvadedduḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgadvādaśanidānasaṃskṛtādidharmāṇāmekatvaṃ pṛthaktaṃ veti sarvametadasaddhetukam / kasmāt / yadyekatvaṃ tadā duḥkhāntavādāpattiḥ / yadi pṛthaktaṃ tadā sukhāntavādāpattiḥ / tasmāduktaṃ [ekatve pṛthakte vā]ntadvayavādāpattiḥ / naiṣa buddhadharmasyārtha iti /

api ca yathā kecidvadanti nirvāṇabhāvaḥ na duḥkhaṃ na ca sukham / kathaṃ jñātamiti cet / sarve hi dharmāścetanāḥ saduḥkhasukhā nirvāṇaṃ tvacetanaṃ kathaṃ sukhaṃ syāt /

api ca kecidvādinaḥ sukhaṃ vadanti / kuta iti cet / sukhaṃ trividham / sukhavedanāsukhaṃ, anupaghātaḥ, anākāṅkṣā ca / nirvāṇa ākāṅkṣābhāvānnirvāṇaṃ sukham /

(# Uh 9#)
api ca nirvāṇaṃ nityamiti mayā pūrvaṃ jñātam / idānīntu [vaktavyaṃ] saṃskārebhyastat pṛthak na veti kecit / atrocyate / nirvāṇaṃ nityamiti pūrvaṃ jñātaṃ kimucyate saṃksāraistattulyam / saṃskārāṇāṃ svabhāvaḥ pariṇāmaḥ pradhvaṃsaśca / nirvāṇabhāvasya tu nityatā sukhatvañca / kathaṃ vidvāṃstatsaṃskāraistulyaṃ vadet /

anyacca kecidāhuḥ / ātmabhāvasya rūpavattve nityo 'nityo vāyamiti na niścīyate /

atrocyate / sarvaṃ mūrtamanityameva yathā murto ghaṭo vināśī / ātmāpi tadvaditi cettadānitya eva / ātmano mūrtatvantu sūtrairna samarthitaṃ, yuktihīnañcaitat / yathā ratnabudhyā sikatopalādānaṃ tathā bhavato vacanamatīva mithyā / atha kasmādātmāmurta iti cenmayā pūrvamuktaṃ ghaṭo mūrtatvādvināśīti / yadyātmaivaṃ syāt, tadā so 'pi vināśī bhavet / kathamidānīṃ bhavatā pṛcchyate `kasmādātmāmūrta' iti /

aparañca / aniyatasiddhāntalakṣaṇam, yathā kaścit pṛcchet / kiṃ śabdo vastu[bhūto] nityo 'nityo vā / atrocyate / yadvibhāganiṣpannaṃ tadanityameva / śabdo 'pi vibhāganiṣpannaḥ kathaṃ nityo bhavet /

atha kiṃ nāma śabdo vastu[bhūtaḥ] / atrocyate / aniścaye kathaṃ praśnaḥ /

atha kiṃ kevala evātmānāgate 'dhvani sukhaduḥkhe vedayate saśarīro vā /

atrocyate / etasmiccharīre vinaṣṭa ātmano 'parasmiñcharīre vedanam /

(# Uh 10#)
nanu ka eṣa ātmā yo 'nāgate 'dhvani sukhaduḥkhe vedayate / atrocyate / 'ātmā, iti pūrvamuktaṃ bhavatā / kathaṃ punaḥ sannasan vātmā' iti pṛcchyate / ayuktametat /

atha siddhāntārtha uktaḥ / kiṃ punarvākyapraśaṃsālakṣaṇam / atrocyate / yuktyaviruddhamanadhikamanyūnamadhigatapadārthaṃ vacanadharmanibaddhaṃ prasiddhadṛṣṭāntāviruddhamananuyojyañca / ebhirhetubhirvākyapraśaṃsetyucyate /

nanu kiṃ nāma yuktyaviruddham / atrocyate / vijñānamevātmeti kecinmanyante sarvaskārāṇāṃ śūnyatvādanātmatvācca / na hi sarve saṃskārā vijñānamiti tadayuktam / saṃskārā hi vijñānasya hetavaḥ / hetūnāṃ cānātmatvāt, kathaṃ vijñānamātmā /

atha sarve dharmāṃ anityāḥ śabdastu naiva sarvaṃ, tasmācchabdo nitya iti / atrocyate / bhavatā sarvamityuktam, ko 'rthaḥ punaḥ śabdasya, yo naiva sarvam / etadahetukamayuktañca /

anyacca / sarve kṛtakadharmā anityā eva / agnisantānavat / śabdo 'pi tathā / tasmādanityaḥ / etadaviruddhalakṣaṇam /

atha kimanadhikamanyūnañca / atrocyate / ahikanyūnatvayorlakṣaṇaṃ pūrvamuktam / nyūnatvaṃ trividham hetunyūnatvaṃ vākyanyūnatvaṃ dṛṣṭāntanyūnatvañca / yadi kaścidvadet / ṣaḍvijñānanyanityāni ghaṭavat / kāraṇantu na vadettadā taddhetunyūnatvamityucyate / yadi kaścidvadeheho 'yamanātmā sakāraṇatvāt / śabdo 'pyanātmā sakāraṇatvādetadṛṣṭāntanyūnatvam /

(# Uh 11#)
yadi kaścidvadedanityāni catvāri mahābhūtāni ghaṭavatkṛtakāni / etadvākyanyūnatvam / etadvīparītaṃ tu sampannamityucyate /

sampannañca yathā / ātmavādyevaṃ praṣṭavyaḥ / yaduktaṃ bhavatātmeti sa nityo 'nityo vā / yadyanityastadā saṃskāravadvināśadharmā / nitya iti cettarhi kathaṃ nirvāṇaspṛhā / etat sampannalakṣaṇam /

atha kiṃ nāmādhikam / atrocyate / adhikaṃ trividham, hetvadhikaṃ, dṛṣṭāntādhikaṃ, vākyādhikañca / yadi kaścidvadecchabdo 'nityaḥ samyogajaḥ / yathā ghaṭaḥ kṛtako 'nityaśca / punarapi vadecchabda ākāśasya guṇaḥ / ākāśo 'mūrtaḥ śabdastu rūpadharmā kathamanyonyasamāśrayaḥ / etaddhetvadhikam yadyucyate pañcendriyāṇyanityāni pratidhvanivatkṛtakatvāt / śabdo 'pi tathā / kathaṃ tajjñāyate / oṣṭhamukhādisamudbhavatvāt / tadṛṣṭāntādhikam / yadyucyate 'ṇuḥ sūkṣma ākāśastu vyāpī / ubhāvapi nityau / śabdastu na tathā tasmādanitya etadṛṣṭāntādhikam / api ca śabdo 'nityaḥ sakāraṇatvāt / nitya iti cet, tadayuktam / kasmāt? dvābhyāṃ hetubhyām / murtodbhavatvādaindriyakatvācca / kathaṃ nitya iti yacca samānadharmakaṃ tatsarvamanityam / etadvākyādhikamucyate /

atrāha / kīdṛśaṃ vākyaṃ laukikānāṃ pratipādanāya smartham / ucyate / yadi mūrkhāya gambhīrārtha vadedyathā sarve dharmā śūnyāḥ śāntā nirātmāno niṣpugdalā māyāvat nirmāṇavattattvarahitā ityādi tadā taṃ gambhīrārthaṃ vidvāneva jñātuṃ śankoti pṛthagjanastu śrutvā bhrāntyāpanno bhavet / (# Uh 12#) etadaprāptakālam / athocyate / asti dharmāṇāṃ karma, asti viṣākro 'sti ca bandhamokṣaḍiḥ / yaḥ karoti so 'nubhuṅkta ityalpabuddhayo 'pi śrutvāvagacchanti yathā vedhakāraṇisaṃyogenāgnerūtpattiḥ / yadabhidhīyate tadyadi sattvopayogi bhavet, tadā sarveṣāṃ [tatra] pratītiranumodanañca / etat prāptakālam /

atha kiṃ pratipattiḥ / ucyate / abhihitasya bāhulye 'pi smaraṇasāmarthyam, arthānāṃ gāmbhīrye 'pi tallakṣaṇopalabdhiḥ, janaprītikaraśca sādhyasāraḥ / yathā kaścidvadet sarve dharmāḥ śūnyā anīśvarāḥ sarvavastūnāṃ pratītyasamutpannatvāditi pratipattiḥ /

atha ke vākyadoṣāḥ / atrocyate / pūrvoktaviparītā vākyadoṣāḥ / vākyadoṣāḥ punardvividhāḥ / kiñca taddvaividhyam / arthasyābhede punaruktiḥ / vākyasya cābhede punaruktiriti / kā nāmaikārthapunaruktiḥ / yathā kauśika ityuktvā punarvadeddevendraḥ śakraḥ purandaro veti / iyamucyata etasyaivārthasya nāmāntarapunaruktiḥ /

nāmārthatulyatā yathā / indra ityuktvā punarapīndra iti vadet / iyaṃ nāmārthābhede punaruktiḥ /

yadalaṅkṛtamasaṅgaṃ voktaṃ sa sarvo vākyadoṣa ityucyate / aparañca yadyuktisamupetamapyakramam eṣo 'pi vākyadoṣa iti /

yathā gāthayoktam /

yathā kaściddevānāmindrasya śakrasya bhāryāṃ praśaṃmayan suvarṇarūpiṇīm //

(# Uh 13#)
komalapādahastāṃ paścācca śakro devānāmindro 'suratripuravināśīti tu vadannityakramaṃ vacanamuktam /

atha katividhaṃ pramāṇam / caturvidhaṃ pramāṇam / pratyakṣamanumānamupamānamāgamaśceti / caturṣu pramāṇeṣu pratyakṣa śreṣṭham / kutaḥ punaḥ pratyakṣaṃ śreṣṭhamiti cedapareṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ pramāṇānāṃ pratyakṣopajīvakatvācchreṣṭham / yathā dṛṣṭe dhūmavatyagnau paścāddhumadarśanādagneranumānam / tasmātpratyakṣaṃ viśiṣyate / yatha ca marīcidarśanenodakopamānam / tasmātpratyakṣe pūrvaṃ jñāte paścādupamānalābhaḥ / .....paścātpratyakṣakāle pūrvajñānaṃ satyam /

tataśca pratyakṣādeva [pramāṇa]trayaṃ jñānamiti jñātam / idānīntu tatpratyakṣaṃ kathaṃ saditi / atrocyate / pañcendriyajñānaṃ kadācinmithyā / yattu sādhyavasāyaṃ samyagdharmāvabodhakaṃ tatparamam / grīṣme marīcīnāmalātacakragandharvanagarāṇāṃ ca pratyakṣe 'pi tadasat /

aparañca / lakṣaṇāspaṣṭatvāddarśanabhramaḥ / yathā rātrau sthāṇuṃ dṛṣṭvā manuṣya eṣa ityucyate / aṅgulyā cakṣuḥpīḍanācca dvicandradarśanam / śūnyatājñāne prāpte samyagdṛṣṭirucyate / jñāta pratyakṣaṃ tāvat / atha kimanumānalakṣaṇam / ucyate tatpūrvamuddiṣṭam / adhunā vyākhyāyate / anumānaṃ trividhaṃ pūrvavat, śeṣavat, sāmānyato [dṛṣṭaṃ] ca / yathā ṣaḍaṅguliṃ sapiḍakamūrdhānaṃ bālaṃ dṛṣṭvā paṣcāddhṛddhaṃ bahuśrutaṃ devadattaṃ dṛṣṭvā ṣaḍaṅgulismaraṇāt so 'yamiti pūrvavat /

śeṣavat yathā, sāgarasalilaṃ pītvā tallavaṇarasamanubhūya (# Uh 14#) śeṣamapi salilaṃ tulyameva lavaṇamiti / etaccheṣavadanumānam /

sāmānyato dṛṣṭaṃ yathā / kaścigdacchaṃstaṃ deśaṃ prāpnoti / gagane 'pi sūryācandramasau pūrvasyāṃ diśyuditau paścimāyāñcāstaṃ gatau / tacceṣṭāyāmadṛṣṭāyāmapi tadgamanamanumīyate / etatsāmānyato dṛṣṭam / nanu kā śrutiḥ / atrocyate, satyaprācīnavṛddhabuddhabodhisattvadarśanādāryasūtradharmaśravaṇagrahaṇayorjñānadarśanotpādasāmarthyameṣā śrutirityucyate / yathā suvaidyako bheṣajakuśalo maitracittena śikṣakaḥ suśruta ityucyate /

evamapi yat kṛtasarvadharmasākṣātkārairmahājñānairāryaiḥ śrutaṃ tat suśrutamucyate /

atha kimupamānalakṣaṇam / atrocyate / yathā sarve dharmā śūnyāḥ śāntā māyāvat nirmāṇavat / saṃjñādāntāśvavat, saṃskārāḥ kadalīvat, kāmalakṣaṇaṃ piḍakavat viṣavat / etadupamānamucyate / evaṃ catvāro hetavaḥ / tadavagamanaṃ hetujñānamityuktam /

atha ke hetvābhāsāḥ / atrācyate / hetvābhāsā eteṣu vādadharmesu mahādoṣā eva jñeyāḥ / śīghrañcāpahartavyāḥ / athedānīṃ hetvābhāsā vyākhyāsyante / hetvābhāsānāṃ lakṣaṇānyaparimitāni saṃkṣepatastvaṣṭāveva / vākchalaṃ, sāmānyachalaṃ, saṃśayasamaḥ, kālātītaḥ, prakaraṇasamaḥ, varṇyasamaḥ, savyabhicāraḥ, viruddhaḥ /

nanvete 'ṣṭau dharmā vistareṇa vivektavyāḥ / ucyate / nava iti caturvidham / navaḥ, nava, na vaḥ, nava iti /

(# Uh 15#)
yathā kaścidāha / yo maya parihitaḥ sa navakambalaḥ / atra dūṣaṇaṃ (vadet) yadbhavatā parihitaṃ tadekameva vastraṃ kathaṃ naveti / atra prativedenmayā nava ityuktaṃ tathāca navaḥ kambalaḥ natu naveti / atra dūṣayetkathaṃ nava? navalomairnirmitatvānnava ityukte prativādī vadet tattvato 'parimitāni lomāni kathaṃ navalomānītyucyate /

atrāha / nava iti mayā pūrvamuktaṃ na tu navasaṃkhyā / atra dūṣaṇam / tadvastraṃ yuṣmākameveti jñātaṃ kasmādetanna vaḥ kathyate / atrottaram / mayā nava ityuktaṃ kintu na va iti noktam / atra dūṣaṇam / bhavataḥ kāyaṃ kambalo vasta iti pratyakṣametat / kathamucyate na vaḥkambalaḥ / ayaṃ hetvābhāsa ityucyate vākchalaṃ ca /

aparañca vākchalam / yathā girirdahyata ityukte, dūṣaṇam / tattvatastṛṇataravo dahyante kathaṃ girirdahyata ityuktam / etadvākchalamityucyate /

api ca chalaṃ dvividhaṃ / pūrvavat sāmānyañceti / yathā / saṃskṛtā dharmāḥ śrūnyāḥ śāntā ākāśavadityukte, dūṣaṇam / yadyevaṃ, ubhayorapi śūnyatvamabhāvaśca, tadā niḥsvabhāvā dharmā ākāśatulyā iti sāmānyachalam /

kā tāvadutpattiriti / atrocyate / sata utpattiriti / yathā mṛdo ghaṭatvattvāddhaṭotpādakatvam / yadi mṛdo ghaṭatvavattvaṃ tadā mṛdeva ghaṭaḥ syāt / tadā tadutpattaye kṛtaṃ kumbhakārarajjucakrasaṃyogena / yadi mṛdaḥ sadbhāvena ghaṭotpādakatvaṃ, tadodakasyāpi sadbhāvena ghaṭotpādakatvaṃ (# Uh 16#) syāt / yadyudakasya sadbhāvena ghaṭānutpādakatvaṃ kathaṃ tarhi mṛdo ghaṭotpādakatvam / iti sāmānyachalam /

kiṃ nāma saṃśayahetvābhāsalakṣaṇam / ucyate / sthāṇormanuṣyasādṛśyāt, rātrau taṃ dṛṣṭvā, eṣa sthāṇuḥ puruṣo veti vimarśaḥ / ayaṃ saṃśayahetvābhāsa iti /

kaḥ punaḥ kālātītahetvābhāsaḥ / ucyate / yathā kaścidvadennityaḥ śabdaḥ / śabdamayatvādvedo 'pi nitya iti / atra dūṣaṇam / idānīṃ bhavatā śabdasya nityatākāraṇamapratiṣṭhāpya kathaṃ vedo nitya ityucyate /

atra vadedyathākāśamarūpatvānnityaṃ tathā śabdo 'pyarūpatvānnityaḥ / tadvacane paścādapyukte so 'rthaḥ sidhyati / atra dūṣaṇaṃ kālatītametadvacanam / yathā gṛhe dagdha udākānveṣaṇaṃ bhavatopyevamiti kālātītaḥ /

atha ko nāma prakaraṇasamaḥ? (ātmanaḥ) śarīra bhinnatvādātmā nityaḥ / yathā (ghaṭasya) ākaśabhinnatvādvaṭo 'nityaḥ / ayaṃ prakaraṇasama ityucyate /

atra dūṣaṇam / yadyātmā śarīrabhinnatrvānnitya iti, tadā (ghaṭasya) ākāśabhinnatvādvaṭo 'nityaḥ / ayam prakaraṇasama ityucyate / atra dūṣaṇam / yadyātmā śarīrabhinnatvānnitya iti, tadā (ghaṭasya) śarīrabhinnatvādvaṭo 'pi nityaḥ syāt śarīrabhinnatve 'pi ghaṭo 'nitya iti cet, tarhyātmāpi śarīrabhinnatvāt kathaṃ nityaḥ / iti prakaraṇasamaḥ /

ko nāma varṇyasamaḥ / ucyate / yathā nityamākāśamasparśatvāt / manovijñānamapi tathā / ayaṃ varṇyasama ityucyate /

kaḥ savyabhicāraḥ / ucyate / yathā pañcaviṣayā anityā (# Uh 17#) indriyagrāhyatvāt / catvāri mahābhūtānyapi tathā tasmādanityāni /

atra dūṣaṇam / kūrmaroma lavaṇagandhaśca nirābhāsamātraṃ manovijñānopalabhyatvātkimanityamiti savyabhicāraḥ /

atha ko nāma viruddhaḥ / ucyate / viruddho dvividhaḥ / dṛṣṭāntaviruddho yuktiviruddhaśca / yathātmā nityo 'mūrtatvāt, vṛṣabhavat / ayaṃ dṛṣṭāntaviruddhaḥ /

yuktiviruddho yathā, brāhmaṇasya kṣatrakarmānupālanaṃ mṛgayādiśikṣā ca, kṣatriyasya dhyānasamāpattiriti yuktiviruddhaḥ / evambhūtau dharmāvajñā abuddhaiva satyaṃ manyante /

nanu kimaviruddham / atrocyate / etadbhinnamaviruddhamityabhidhīyate /

iti hetvābhāsāḥ /
// iti prathamaṃ prakaraṇam //


(# Uh 18#)
atha dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

pūrvamaṣṭavidhā vādadharmā uktāḥ / atha nigraha[sthāna]dharmān vakṣyāmaḥ /

nanu katame vādadharmāḥ / (atrocyate) yathā catvāri mahābhūtāni prajñaptireva / kasmāt / rūpādidharmatvādeva / aparaḥ punarāha / catvāri mahābhūtāni tattvataḥ santi / kathametajjñātam / kāṭhinyaṃ pṛthivīdharmo yāvaccalatvaṃ vāyudharmaḥ / tatsaditi jñeyam / etacca prativiruddham / tasmādvivādaḥ / yathā vā / pṛthivī śarīrakāraṇameva / aparāṇi mahābhūtānyapi tathā / atra dūṣaṇam / pṛthivyādi sarvavastusādhanasamarthaṃ sat, kathaṃ śarīramātraṃ sādhayediti nātra vivādaḥ / yadyevaṃ na syāttadā vāda ityucyate /

nanu kāni nigrahasthānāni / (atrocyate) yathā śabdo nityo 'mūrtatvādākāśavat /

atra dūṣaṇam / yadyapi śabdo 'mūrtaḥ / tathāpyaindriyakaḥ, saṃpratighaḥ, ghaṭavatkṛtakaḥ / api tvākāśe 'kṛtake kathaṃ tadṛṣṭāntalābhaḥ / etannigrahasthānamityucyate /

atha ghaṭo mūrta ityanityaḥ śabdasya tvamūrtatvāt kathaṃ tadṛṣṭāntalābhaḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / śabdo ghaṭabhinno 'pyaindriyakaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt / tasmādanityaḥ /

nanu kasyārthasyānigrahasthānatvāpattiḥ / saṃskārā vijñānañca (# Uh 19#) kṛtakatvādanityam / nirvāṇamakṛtakatvānnityam / etadvākyaṃ samyakpadarasam / etaducyate 'nigrahasthānam /

nanu kiṃ vacanaṃ dūṣayitavyam / cuayte / vākyavaiparītyaṃ, asaddhetusthāpanaṃ, udāharaṇavaiṣamyañcaitaddūṣayitavyam /

yatha saṃjñā saṃyojanocchedikā, ityukte kaścit pṛcchet / kathaṃ saṃjñā samyojanocchedikā / jñānasya saṃjñāta utpādaṃ pūrvamanutkā saṃjñāmātrakathanādvākyavaiparītyamitīdaṃ dūṣaṇīyam /

nanu kathaṃ punaretadvākyamucyate / asidvasthāpanānnigrahasthānāpattijñāpanārthamuktam /

aparañca / anuyojyānanuyogaḥ / prativaktavye 'prativaktavyata / trirabhihitasya parairavijñātam / trirabhihitasya svayamavijñānam / etāni nigrahasthānāni /

anyacca / pareṇa vivadamānastadvikalatāṃ nāvagacchati / anyastu vadati / eṣo 'rthaḥ mithyaiva, kiṃ bhavānnopalabhate tadā nigrahasthānam /

anyacca / parasya samyagarthe doṣasamārope 'pi nigrahasthānam /

anyacca / vādinoktaṃ sarvairvijñātamapyasāveva (prativādī) nāvagacchati cettadapi nigrahasthānam / praśno 'pi tadvat / etāni nigrahasthānāni vādasya mahākaṇṭakāni gambhīraduḥkhāni jñeyāni, drutañca heyāni /

nanu praśnāḥ katividhāḥ / ucyate / trividhāḥ / yathā vacanasamaḥ, arthasamaḥ, hetusamaśca / yadi vādinastaistribhiḥ (# Uh 20#) praśnottarāṇi na kurvanti tadvibhrāntam / yadyeteṣāṃ trayāṇāmuttarāṇāmanyatamaṃ nyūnaṃ syāttadasampannam /

yadi vadedahamevamprakārān trīn praśnānnāvagacchāmi mama yathājñānamanyonyaṃ praṣṭavyaṃ, tadādoṣaḥ /

vākyasamaḥ yathā / ātmā nāstītyukte tadvākyāśrayeṇa praśnaḥ / ayaṃ vākyasama ityucyate /

arthasamaḥ tanmatopādānamevāyamarthasama ityucyate /

hetusamaḥ / paramanogaterutpādakasya hetorjñāmayaṃ hetusama ityucyate /

evaṃ sāmarthye satye nigrahasthānamityucyate /

yadyatidrutaṃ vadecchrotāraśca nāvagaccheyustadapi nigrahasthānam /

athaitāvamātramaparāṇi vā santi / atrocyate / santyeva yathā nyūnaṃ, adhikam nirarthakaṃ, aprāptakālaṃ, punaruktaṃ pratijñāsannyāsa ityādīni nigrahasthānānītyucyante /

yadyevamādi pūrvapakṣī vadet, tadā nigrahasthānāpattiḥ /

atha pratijñāvirodhaḥ / yathā vijñānaṃ nityam / kasmāt / vijñānasya hi dvaividhyam / vijñānotpāttirvijñākriyā ca /

ghaṭasyāpi dvaividhyam, ghaṭotpattirghaṭakriyā ca / evaṃ vijñānamutpādyamānameva sakriyaṃ tasmānnityam / ghaṭasya tūtpattyanantaraṃ sakriyatvam, tasmādanityatvam /

atra dūṣaṇam / utpattāveva sakriyatvānnityamiti ceddīpasyāpyutpattāveva sakriyatvānnityatvaprasaṅgaḥ / atha dīpaścakṣuṣā dṛṣṭaḥ syāt, śabdaśca śravaṇena śrūyata iti kathaṃ dṛṣṭāntopapattiḥ / etatpratijñāsannyāsanigrahasthānam /

(# Uh 21#)
aparañca / kecidvadantyātmā nitya iti / kathaṃ jñātam / anaindriyakatvāt / yathā ākāśo 'naindriyakatvānnityaḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / paramāṇavo 'nindriyakā api tvanityāḥ /

atrocyate / ātmākṛtakatvānnityaḥ paramāṇavastu kṛtakatvādanityāḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / anupalabdheriti bhavatā pūrvamuktam / adhunā cākṛtakatvādibyucyate / ayaṃ pratijñāvirodhaḥ /
nanūcyate 'haṃ virodhīti cedbhavāṃstu mama vacanaṃ pratikūlayan katham virodhau na syāt /

kiñca kathametadyuktisaham / yadvi viruddhamityucyate mayā, sā bhavata eva vacanasya pūrvoktenārthan pratikūlatā / tasmādviruddhamityuktam /

anyacca / bhavatā pūrvamuktamaspaṣṭatvānme saṃśaya utpanna iti / nāhaṃ bhavadvirodhītyevaṃ saṃśayena virodhaḥ / etadapi nigrahasthānamiti /

// iti dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam //


(# Uh 22#)
atha tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam /

vādī prāha / yadi kaścidvadedasti sattvo yāvatsanti prāṇā asti jīva ityādi / kathaṃ jñātam / aindriyakatvāt / yathā nirupadhiśeṣanirvāṇasyendriyairanupalabdherabhāvaḥ sattvānāntu na tathā / tasmātsantyeva iti jñātam /

atmā nityaḥ / yathārhattvaphalaṃ kasmiṃścideva kāle vidyamānamapi pūrvaṃ paścāccāvidyamānatvādabhāva iti jñāyate / yathā ca dvītīyo mūrdhā tṛtīyo hastaśca / abhūtvā bhāvāt prāgabhāvaḥ / bhūtvā tu vināśātpradhvaṃsābhāva iti jñāyate / ātmā tu na tathā tasmānnityaḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / yathā mūla[kīla]odakānyadṛśyatvānna sadityuktam / arhattva[phalasyāpi] tathātvameva na tvabhāvaḥ / etattu na bhavatā sākṣātkriyate /

nanu maivam / udakasya pṛthivyāvaraṇādadṛśyatvam / arhattva[phalasya tu] kenāvaraṇenādṛśyatvam / tasmāttadasaditi jñāyate /

atra dūṣaṇam / yadbhavatoktaṃ [yathā] dvitīyasya mūrdhnastṛtīyasya hastasya cādṛśyatvāda[bhāvaḥ] arhattva[phalasyāpya]bhāvaḥ iti spaṣṭam / tadayuktam / dvitīyasya mūrdhno nāstitve 'pi tarhi na prathamasya nāstitvam / arhattva[phalaṃ] tu nāstyeveti tasyaivātyantābhāvaḥ / kathaṃ dṛṣṭāntatopapattiḥ / yacca bhavatoktamanupalabdhernirvāṇābhāvaḥ siddha iti tadapyayuktam / kiṃ nāma (mahā)śāgarodakasya binduparimāṇasyāśakyajñānatvāttadasaditi (# Uh 23#) vaktuṃ śakyate / yadyapi binduparimāṇaṃ na jñāyate tathāpyastyeva sāgaraḥ / nirvāṇasyāpi tathātvam / anupalabdhāvapi tattattvataḥ sadeva / asaditi cedvaktavyam tasya kāraṇam / yadi na śakyate vaktaṃ tadā bhavata evārthahāniḥ / ayamucyate yathādharmavādaḥ /

anyacca yadyanupalabdhernirvāṇasyāsattvaṃ, tadā parasya saṃśayaḥ / yathā rātrau taruṃ dṛṣṭvā citte saṃśayaḥ / eṣa sthāṇurvā manuṣyo veti / na khalū taruḥ sthāṇoḥ puruṣasya vo[palabdhau] niyato hetuḥ / anupalabdhireva nirvāṇasyābhāve niyato heturiti cennātra saṃśayasambhavaḥ /

anyacca karmavipākāvināśāt, sadeva nirvāṇam / kuta iti cet / yathā davena girestarudāhe 'gnistadvināśahetuḥ / kaḥ punastasya karmavipākasya vināśaheturyena tadvinaśyate / nirvāṇalābhe tadā prahāniḥ /

atrocyate / asti tattvato vināśahetuḥ / āvaraṇāttvanupalabdhaḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / nirvāṇamapi sadāvaraṇāttvanupalabdham /

kiñca yadi vipākasya vināśaheturvartata iti cennocyate / tadā bhavato 'rthahāniḥ / yadyabhāvādvināśaheturanuktastadāvaraṇābhāvo 'pi kathamuktaḥ / evaṃ kāraṇairkarmāṇāmavināśo jñāyate /

eṣa yathādharmavāda ityucyate /

pūrvapakṣī vadati / yadi sāgarodakasadbhāvānnirvāṇasadbhāvaḥ siddhastadā kiṃ dvitīyasyāpi mūrdhnaḥ sadbhāvo na sidhyati / dvitīyasyāpi mūrdhnaḥ sadbhāvo na siddha iti cet (# Uh 24#) kathaṃ nirvāṇasya sadbhāvaḥ / tasmādbhavatoktaḥ sāgarodakadṛṣṭāntaḥ nirvāṇasadbhāvaṃ sādhayituṃ na samarthaḥ / kiṃ dvitīyasya mūrdhnaḥ sadbhāvaṃ sādhayet /

atra dūṣaṇam / kiṃ nirvāṇamasaditi bhavadabhipretam / asataḥ sattā vāsato 'sattā vā / asato 'satteti cet kathaṃ nirvāṇamasaditi pratijñāyate / yadi tvasataḥ sattā kathaṃ bhavatāsattocyate /

yadyasato nirvāṇasya sattā tadā svato 'sato 'sattvamapi saditi cet, kathaṃ na nirvāṇasadbhāvalāba ityatra heturvaktavyaḥ / yadi vaktuṃ na śakyate, tadā niścitameva nirvāṇaṃ saditi jñeyam / etadapi yathādharmavāda ityucyate /

nanvātmā nityo 'nityo vā / atmā 'kṛtakatvānnityaḥ, ghaṭādiṣṭu kṛtakatvādanityaḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / akṛtakatvādātmā nitya iti cettadayuktam / kasmāt / puruṣāṇāṃ saṃśayajanakatvāt / yadyakṛtakatvānnitya evātmeti tadā nityo 'nitya veti saṃśayasyāsambhavaḥ / saṃśayajanakatvāddoṣaḥ /

vādī / iyaṃ doṣāpattirna mamaivāpi tu sarveṣāmeva vādināṃ yathā śabdo nityo 'mūrtatvāt / atītaḥ kāyo 'styeva pūrvanivāsānusmaraṇādityādipratijñā pūrvavatsaṃśayamutpādayatīti / tasmatsarvatraiva doṣāpattiḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / dṛṣṭānta eva saṃśayaṃ nirdhārayati / bhavatāṃ tūdāhṛto dṛṣṭānto mama saṃśayamutpādayati tasmādasiyo 'yaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ / dṛṣṭānte 'siddhe 'rthahāniḥ / tadeva nigrahasthānam /

yatpunarbhavatoktaṃ sarveṣāmeva doṣāpattirna tu mamaivetyeṣa (# Uh 25#) svadoṣa eva na tu paradoṣaḥ / kuta iti cet / yathā kaścidabhiyukta ātmānamaprakāśya sarva eva taskarā iti vadettadāsau puruṣa ātmānamapi taskaraṃ manyata iti jñeyam / bhavānapi tathā tasmānnigrāhyaḥ /

idānīṃ yadi bhavānātmānaṃ prakāśayitumiḥcchu pūrvayuktimatikramya punarvaktumicchennūnaṃ bahudoṣāpattiḥ syāt / bhavataḥ prathamaḥ pakṣo dvitīyena [pakṣeṇa] dūṣitaḥ / tṛtīyaścārtho mayā dūṣitaḥ / pañcamena doṣāvadhimicchan pūrvaṃ nātikrāmedataḥ bhavato 'ntyaḥ pakṣaḥ punaruktaṃ bhavet / punaruktaṃ ca nigrahasthānam /

nanvanuyojyaḥ ṣaṣṭho 'pi?

atrocyate / sidvastāvatpañcamasya doṣaḥ / tatkathaṃ ṣaṣṭho 'nuyojyaḥ / asmin hi pratyukte pūrvadoṣatulyatā / anuyoktuḥ sadoṣatve pratipakṣeṇa tūṣṇīmbhaviṃtavyam /

aparañca / ṣaṣṭhasya doṣaḥ pañcamenāparyanuyojyaḥ / kuta iti cet / pañcamenaiva hyeṣa ṣaṣṭho 'nuyuktaḥ / ato 'yaṃ svayame sadoṣaḥ kathaṃ taṃ dūṣayet / evaṃ saddharmavādaḥ /

// iti tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam //

(# Uh 26#)
athe caturthaṃ prakaraṇam /

nanu bhavatā vyākhyāto yathādharmasadvādaḥ / kaḥ punaḥ sambandhaḥ /

atrocyate / praśnottarasambandho viṃśatividhaḥ / yadi kaścittena viṃśatividhenārthena samyagnyāyamārabhate sa sadvādasya jñātetyucyate / yadi naivaṃ tadā nāyaṃ vivādadharmāvagantā / eṣāṃ viṃśatividhānāṃ sāro dvividhaḥ / vaidharmyaṃ sādharmyañca / sajātīyatvātsādharmyaṃ vijātīyatvādvaidharmyam / arthasya hi tatsamāśrayatvātte viṃśatidharmān vyāpnuvataḥ /

kiṃ sādharmyam / yathā kleśakṣayo nirābhāsa eva, ākāśabhāvo 'pi nirābhāsa iti sādharmyam /

kiṃ vaidharmyam / yathā nirvāṇamakṛtakatvānnityaṃ tathā sarve saṃskārāḥ kṛtakatvādanityāḥ / iti vaidharmyam /

nanu sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ kathaṃ dūṣaṇam /

atrocyate / sādharmyadūṣaṇamicchatā evaṃ vaktavyam / rūpaṃ cakṣuṣā dṛṣṭaṃ, śabdastu śravaṇena śruta iti, kathaṃ tayoḥ sādharmyam / yadi rūpādbhinnaḥ śabdastadā rūpasyānityatvācchabdo nityo bhavet /

vaidharmyadūṣaṇam / yatha rūpasyaindriyakatvādanityatā, ātmano 'naindriyakatvānnityatā /

ghaṭasyātmanaśca sadbhāvaḥ / sadbhāvasādharmye ghaṭasyānityatvādātmano 'pi tathātvāpattiḥ / ghaṭasadbhāva ātmasadbhāvādbhinnastataścātmā (# Uh 27#) nityo ghātastvanitya iti cet / nityatāsādharmyada[pya]ātmanā nityena bhavitavyam /

evaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ viṃśatividhaṃ yathā 1 utkarṣa[sama]m, 2 apakarṣa[sama]m, 3 bhedābheda[sama]m, 4 praśnabāhulyamuttarālpatā, 5 praśnālpatottarabāhulyam, 6 hetusamam, 7 kāryasamam, 8 vyāptisamam, 9 avyāptisamam, 10 kālasamam, 11 prāptisamam, 12 aprāptisamam, 13 viruddham, 14 aviruddham, 15 saṃśaya[sama]m, 16 asaṃśaya[sama]m, 17 pratidṛṣṭānta[sama]m, 18 śrutisamam, 19 śrutibhinnam, 20 anupapatti[sama]ñceti praśnottaradharmā viṃśatidhā /

1. utkarṣa[sama]m / yathā (kaścidvaded), ātmā nitya indriyānupalabdheḥ / ākāśo hyanupalabdhernityaḥ / sarvamanupalabhyaṃ nityameva / ātmāpyanupalabhyaḥ kathaṃ tadanityatāprāptiḥ /

atra dūṣaṇam / ākāśo 'cetanatvānnityaḥ / ātmā tu cetanaḥ kathaṃ nityaḥ / ākāśaścetana ityanyāyyam / yadyātmācetanastadaivākāśena sadharmā / evaṃ vidvāṃsaḥ so 'nitya iti manyante / etadutkarṣa[sama]m /

2. apakarṣa[sama]m / yathākāśo 'cetana ātmā tu cetanaḥ / kathamākāśa ātmano dṛṣṭāntaḥ / etadapakarṣa[sama]m /

3. bhedābheda[sama]m / yathātmanityatāsthāpana ākāśa udāharaṇam / [atra dūṣaṇaṃ] ātmā ākāśaścābhinnau iti cedaikadharmyāt kathamākāśasyātmano dṛṣṭāntatā / (# Uh 28#) bhinnau iti cedanyānyasādharmyāprāptiḥ / etaducyate bhedābheda[sama]m /

4. anyacca / ātmā nityo 'naindriyakatvāt / yathākāśo 'nindriyakatvānnitya iti bhavataḥ sthāpanā /

atha yadanaindriyakaṃ tannāvaśyaṃ nityam / tatkathaṃ siddham / etaducyate praśnabāhulyamuttarālpatā ca /

5. anyacca / ātmā nityonaindriyakatvāditi bhavatsthāpanā / anaindriyakasya dvaividhyam / yathā paramāṇavo 'nupalabhyā anityāḥ / ākāśastvindriyānupalabhyo nityaśca / kathaṃ bhavatocyate yadanupalabhyatvānnitya ityucyate praśnālpatottarabāhulyañca /

6. anyacca / anupalabdhihetunātmā nitya iti bhavatā pratijñātam / ākāśaścātmā ca bhinnauḥ kathamubhayoranupalabhyatvaṃ heturbhavet / iti hetusamam /

7. anyacca / yatpañcamahābhūtamayaṃ tadanityam / ākāśa ātmā ca pañcamahābhūtamayau kathaṃ nityāvuktau / iti kāryasamam /

8. anyacca / anupalabhyatvānnitya ākāśa iti bhavataḥ sthāpanā / ākāśaśca sarvavyāpī [tataśca] kiṃ sarvāṇi bastūnyanupalabhyāni / etadyāptisamam /

9. anyacca / paramāṇuravyāpyanaindriyako 'pyanityaḥ / ātmā tvanaindriyakaḥ kathaṃ nityaḥ / iti avyāptisamam /

10. anyacca / ātmā nityo 'nindriyakatvāditi bhavatsthāpanā / so 'yaṃ[hetu]rvartamāne 'tīte 'nāgate vā / atīta iti cedatītatvānnaṣṭāḥ / anāgata iti cedabhāvaḥ / vartamāna (# Uh 29#) iti cettadāhetuḥ / yathā śṛṅge yugapadeva jātatvānnānyonyahetuke / iti kālasamam /

11. anyacca / ātmā nityo 'naindriyakatvāditi bhavatsthāpanā / atha prāpyāprāpya vā heturiti / aprāpya cedasiddho hetuḥ / yathāgniraprāpya dahanāsamarthaḥ, asiścāprāpya chedanāsamarthaḥ / ātmānamaprāpya kathaṃ heturbhavet / ityaprāpti[samam] /

12. anyacca / prāpya iti cet, prāpterahetutvam / iti prāptisamam /

13. anyacca / sarvamanityam / na tvātmā sarvaṃ, tato nitya iti bhavatpratijñā ātmā ca tadbhāvādanitya iti vaktavyaḥ, kiñciddagdho hi kambalaḥ prāyeṇādagdhatvādadagdha ityucyate / etadviruddham /

14. anyacca / ātmānaindriyakatvādākāśatulya iti bhavatsthāpanā / ākāśasyānupalabdhirātmano 'pi tathātvam / ātmana upalabdhiriti cettadākāśo 'pi sukhadūḥkhadikamupalabheta / ātmana ākāśasya cābhinnatvāt / etadaviruddham /

15. anyacca / ātmanaḥ sadbhāvavannityatāniyatā / laukikānāṃ saṃśayasambhavo nityo 'nityo veti / etat saṃśayasamam /

16. anyacca / astyātmānaindriyakatvāditi bhavadvacanam atha vimarśaḥ kenāvaraṇenānupalabdhiḥ / kāraṇamatra vaktavyam / yadi kāraṇaṃ na vidyata ātmārthasya hāniḥ / ityasaṃśayasamam /

(# Uh 30#)
17. anyacca / ātmānaindriyakatrvānnitya iti bhavatā pratijñātam / atha mūlakilodakānyanaindriyakānyapyanityānyātmā tu kathaṃ nityaḥ / iti pratidṛṣṭānta[sama]m /

18. anyacca / sūtreṣu ātmano 'nupalabdhiruktā tasmāttasya nityatā jñāteti bhavataḥ [sthāpanā] / (parantu) nāstyātmā nāstyātmīyamityapi sūtreṣūktam / nirgranthadharme cātmānityatoktā / ātmanityatve niyate sati sūtrāṇāṃ vaiṣamyānupapattiḥ / iti śrutisamam /

19. anyacca / yadi bhavatā ekameva sūtramadhigacchatātmā nitya iti manyate / athānyeṣāmapi sūtrāṇāṃ pratīterātmānityo mantavyaḥ / ubhayathā pratītiriti cedekasyaivātmano nityatvānityatvaprasaṅgaḥ / iti śrutibhinnam /

20. anyacca / yadi sadbhāvāditi hetunātmāstīti / atha śālasya sadbhāvāttāla utpadyate / yadyabhāvānnāstīti tadā tālabījeṣu vṛkṣākārābhāvāttadutpattyaprāptiḥ / sadbhāve 'nutpattiḥ / abhāve 'pyanutpattiḥ / ātmano 'pi tathātvam /

yadi kiṃcitsadeva na tadānaindriyakatvaṃ hetutvena prayoktavyam / yadi ca sadeva tadā nānaindriyakatvena tasya sattā sādhyā / ityanutpattisamam /

yadi punaḥ kaścicchabdanityatāṃ sthāpayet, tadaivamvidhairuktapūrvairviśatiṃdharmaistadvadeva dūṣayet /

nanvātmasadbhāvādeva bhavānātmānaṃ dūṣayati / ātmano 'bhāve kiṃ bhavatā dūṣaṇīyam / dūṣaṇāddhyasti dūṣayitavyam /

atra dūṣaṇam / yuktito nāsyātmā / bhavatā tu (# Uh 31#) tatsadbhāvasya vikalpānmayā bhavato dūṣaṇaṃ kṛtam / yadbhavatoktaṃ dūṣayitavyabhavādastyātmeti / tato dūṣaṇānnāstyātmeti jñātam / bhavata ātmaparigraha ātmābhāvadyotanarthamiti cettadayuktam / bhavadarthāprayogāt / idānīntu svayaṃ bhavatā mama siddhāntaḥ prayuktaḥ /

nanu kathaṃ bhavatā jñātaṃ yanmayā bhavadarthaḥ parigṛhītaḥ / atra kāraṇaṃ vaktavyamiti cenmayā khalu pūrvamuktaṃ yatsvārthamaparigṛṇhatā bhavatā parasthāpanā parigṛhītā kathamidānīṃ punaridaṃ pṛcchyate / kathaṃ jñātaṃ yadbhavato 'rtho maya parigṛhīta iti / yato bhavadvacanaṃ viruddhaṃ tasmānnigrahasthānāpattiḥ /

anyacca / anaindriyakatvātsannevātmeti bhavatā pūrvaṃ pratijñātaṃ paścāttu dharmabāhulyena sādhitam / sthāpitahetoraniyatatvātpratijñāvirodhācca nigrahasthānam / tasmādbhavadarthanāhau yadi punarahaṃ kiṃcibdravīmi, [yanmayā] pūrvamuktaṃ tasmādetanna bhidyate / tadā vacanasya bahudoṣaprasaṅgaḥ / pakṣapratipakṣayoḥ pratipakṣamaryādā pañcame / tadatikramyoktaṃ vacanaṃ doṣaḥ / yadi vidvān gambhīraṃ nyāyaṃ bhāvayatyuktena dṛṣṭāntenārthāvagamasamarthaśca syāttadā tasya vāda evaṃvidhaṃ dharmaṃ nātikrāmati /

vādī prāha / evamukto vadadharmāṇāṃ sāraḥ / eṣa vādasāraḥ sarvavādānāṃ mūlam / etasmādvādātpakṣapratipakṣayoḥ paramotkarṣajñānaṃ jāyate / yathā bīje sukṣetra upte mūlāṅkurāḥ samṛddhāḥ / kukṣetre tūpte phalabhāva eva / etasya dharmasyāpi tathātvam /

(# Uh 32#)
yadi vidvān kaścit pramāṇavicārakuśalastadā vādānutpādayati / mūrkhastvalpabuddhiretadvādābhyāsenāpi tadavagamāsamarthastattvato vidvān nocyate / tasmādye ye sañjñānotpattiṃ subhāśubhavivekañcecchanti taistaireva saddharmavāda āśrayitavyaḥ /

// iti caturthaṃ prakaraṇam //

samāptaścāyaṃ granthaḥ /