 | Book 13 Chapter 48
|
| 1 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
|
| 1 | arthāśrayād vā kāmād vā varṇānāṃ vāpy aniścayāt
ajñānād vāpi varṇānāṃ jāyate varṇasaṃkaraḥ
|
| 2 | teṣām etena vidhinā jātānāṃ varṇasaṃkare
ko dharmaḥ kāni karmāṇi tan me brūhi pitāmaha
|
| 3 | bhīṣma uvāca
|
| 3 | cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi cāturvarṇyaṃ ca kevalam
asṛjat sa ha yajñārthe pūrvam eva prajāpatiḥ
|
| 4 | bhāryāś catasro viprasya dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
ānupūrvyād dvayor hīnau mātṛjātyau prasūyataḥ
|
| 5 | paraṃ śavād brāhmaṇasyaiṣa putraḥ; śūdrāputraṃ pāraśavaṃ tam āhuḥ
śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syāt; svaṃ cāritraṃ nityam atho na jahyāt
|
| 6 | sarvān upāyān api saṃpradhārya; samuddharet svasya kulasya tantum
jyeṣṭho yavīyān api yo dvijasya; śuśrūṣavān dānaparāyaṇaḥ syāt
|
| 7 | tisraḥ kṣatriyasaṃbandhād dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
hīnavarṇas tṛtīyāyāṃ śūdra ugra iti smṛtaḥ
|
| 8 | dve cāpi bhārye vaiśyasya dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
śūdrā śūdrasya cāpy ekā śūdram eva prajāyate
|
| 9 | ato viśiṣṭas tv adhamo gurudārapradharṣakaḥ
bāhyaṃ varṇaṃ janayati cāturvarṇyavigarhitam
|
| 10 | ayājyaṃ kṣatriyo vrātyaṃ sūtaṃ stomakriyāparam
vaiśyo vaidehakaṃ cāpi maudgalyam apavarjitam
|
| 11 | śūdraś caṇḍālam atyugraṃ vadhyaghnaṃ bāhyavāsinam
brāhmaṇyāṃ saṃprajāyanta ity ete kulapāṃsanāḥ
ete matimatāṃ śreṣṭha varṇasaṃkarajāḥ prabho
|
| 12 | bandī tu jāyate vaiśyān māgadho vākyajīvanaḥ
śūdrān niṣādo matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyāṃ vyatikramāt
|
| 13 | śūdrād āyogavaś cāpi vaiśyāyāṃ grāmadharmiṇaḥ
brāhmaṇair apratigrāhyas takṣā sa vanajīvanaḥ
|
| 14 | ete 'pi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu
mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravarā hīnayoniṣu
|
| 15 | yathā caturṣu varṇeṣu dvayor ātmāsya jāyate
ānantaryāt tu jāyante tathā bāhyāḥ pradhānataḥ
|
| 16 | te cāpi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu
parasparasya vartanto janayanti vigarhitān
|
| 17 | yathā ca śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ jantuṃ bāhyaṃ prasūyate
evaṃ bāhyatarād bāhyaś cāturvarṇyāt prasūyate
|
| 18 | pratilomaṃ tu vartanto bāhyād bāhyataraṃ punaḥ
hīnā hīnāt prasūyante varṇāḥ pañcadaśaiva te
|
| 19 | agamyāgamanāc caiva vartate varṇasaṃkaraḥ
vrātyānām atra jāyante sairandhrā māgadheṣu ca
prasādhanopacārajñam adāsaṃ dāsajīvanam
|
| 20 | ataś cāyogavaṃ sūte vāgurāvanajīvanam
maireyakaṃ ca vaidehaḥ saṃprasūte 'tha mādhukam
|
| 21 | niṣādo mudgaraṃ sūte dāśaṃ nāvopajīvinam
mṛtapaṃ cāpi caṇḍālaḥ śvapākam atikutsitam
|
| 22 | caturo māgadhī sūte krūrān māyopajīvinaḥ
māṃsasvādukaraṃ sūdaṃ saugandham iti saṃjñitam
|
| 23 | vaidehakāc ca pāpiṣṭhaṃ krūraṃ bhāryopajīvinam
niṣādān madranābhaṃ ca kharayānaprayāyinam
|
| 24 | caṇḍālāt pulkasaṃ cāpi kharāśvagajabhojinam
mṛtacelapraticchannaṃ bhinnabhājanabhojinam
|
| 25 | āyogavīṣu jāyante hīnavarṇāsu te trayaḥ
kṣudro vaidehakād andhro bahir grāmapratiśrayaḥ
|
| 26 | kārāvaro niṣādyāṃ tu carmakārāt prajāyate
caṇḍālāt pāṇḍusaupākas tvaksāravyavahāravān
|
| 27 | āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyāṃ saṃprajāyate
caṇḍālena tu saupāko maudgalyasamavṛttimān
|
| 28 | niṣādī cāpi caṇḍālāt putram antāvasāyinam
śmaśānagocaraṃ sūte bāhyair api bahiṣkṛtam
|
| 29 | ity etāḥ saṃkare jātyaḥ pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt
pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ
|
| 30 | caturṇām eva varṇānāṃ dharmo nānyasya vidyate
varṇānāṃ dharmahīneṣu saṃjñā nāstīha kasya cit
|
| 31 | yadṛcchayopasaṃpannair yajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ
bāhyā bāhyais tu jāyante yathāvṛtti yathāśrayam
|
| 32 | catuṣpathaśmaśānāni śailāṃś cānyān vanaspatīn
yuñjante cāpy alaṃkārāṃs tathopakaraṇāni ca
|
| 33 | gobrāhmaṇārthe sāhāyyaṃ kurvāṇā vai na saṃśayaḥ
ānṛśaṃsyam anukrośaḥ satyavākyam atha kṣamā
|
| 34 | svaśarīraiḥ paritrāṇaṃ bāhyānāṃ siddhikārakam
manujavyāghra bhavati tatra me nāsti saṃśayaḥ
|
| 35 | yathopadeśaṃ parikīrtitāsu; naraḥ prajāyeta vicārya buddhimān
vihīnayonir hi suto 'vasādayet; titīrṣamāṇaṃ salile yathopalam
|
| 36 | avidvāṃsam alaṃ loke vidvāṃsam api vā punaḥ
nayante hy utpathaṃ nāryaḥ kāmakrodhavaśānugam
|
| 37 | svabhāvaś caiva nārīṇāṃ narāṇām iha dūṣaṇam
ityarthaṃ na prasajjante pramadāsu vipaścitaḥ
|
| 38 | yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
|
| 38 | varṇāpetam avijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam
āryarūpam ivānāryaṃ kathaṃ vidyāmahe nṛpa
|
| 39 | bhīṣma uvāca
|
| 39 | yonisaṃkaluṣe jātaṃ nānācārasamāhitam
karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇair vijñeyā yoniśuddhatā
|
| 40 | anāryatvam anācāraḥ krūratvaṃ niṣkriyātmatā
puruṣaṃ vyañjayantīha loke kaluṣayonijam
|
| 41 | pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ mātṛjaṃ vā tathobhayam
na kathaṃ cana saṃkīrṇaḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati
|
| 42 | yathaiva sadṛśo rūpe mātāpitror hi jāyate
vyāghraś citrais tathā yoniṃ puruṣaḥ svāṃ niyacchati
|
| 43 | kulasrotasi saṃchanne yasya syād yonisaṃkaraḥ
saṃśrayaty eva tacchīlaṃ naro 'lpam api vā bahu
|
| 44 | āryarūpasamācāraṃ carantaṃ kṛtake pathi
svavarṇam anyavarṇaṃ vā svaśīlaṃ śāsti niścaye
|
| 45 | nānāvṛtteṣu bhūteṣu nānākarmarateṣu ca
janmavṛttasamaṃ loke suśliṣṭaṃ na virajyate
|
| 46 | śarīram iha sattvena narasya parikṛṣyate
jyeṣṭhamadhyāvaraṃ sattvaṃ tulyasattvaṃ pramodate
|
| 47 | jyāyāṃsam api śīlena vihīnaṃ naiva pūjayet
api śūdraṃ tu sadvṛttaṃ dharmajñam abhipūjayet
|
| 48 | ātmānam ākhyāti hi karmabhir naraḥ; svaśīlacāritrakṛtaiḥ śubhāśubhaiḥ
pranaṣṭam apy ātmakulaṃ tathā naraḥ; punaḥ prakāśaṃ kurute svakarmabhiḥ
|
| 49 | yoniṣv etāsu sarvāsu saṃkīrṇāsv itarāsu ca
yatrātmānaṃ na janayed budhas tāḥ parivarjayet
|