Bhagavadgita 18
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
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BhG 18.1
arjuna uvāca
saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvam icchāmi veditum |
tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthak keśiniṣūdana ||1||
Śrīdhara :
nyāsa-tyāga-vibhāgena sarva-gītārtha-saṅgraham |
spaṣṭam aṣṭādaśe prāha paramārtha-vinirṇaye ||
atra ca -
sarva-karmāṇi manasā
sannyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī | (Gītā 5.13)
sannyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā (Gītā 9.28)
ity ādiṣu karma-sannyāsa upadiṣṭaḥ | tathā -
tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ
nitya-tṛpto nirāśrayaḥ |
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ
tataḥ kuru yatātmavān || (Gītā 4.20)
ity ādiṣu ca phala-mātra-tyāgena karmānuṣṭhānam upadiṣṭam | na ca paraspara-viruddhaṃ sarvajñaḥ parama-kāruṇiko bhagavān upadiśet | ataḥ karma-sannyāsasya tad-anuṣṭhānasya cāvirodha-prakāraṃ bubhutsur arjuna uvāca sannyāsasyeti | bho hṛṣīkeśa sarvendriya-niyāmaka | he keśī-nisūdana keśī-nāmno mahato hayākṛteḥ daityasya yuddhe mukhaṃ vyādāya bhakṣayitum āgacchato atyantaṃ vyātte mukhe vāma-bāhuṃ praveśya tat-kṣaṇam eva vivṛddhena tenaiva bāhunā karkaṭikā-phalavat taṃ vidārya nisūditavān | ataeva he mahābāho iti sambodhanam | sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag vivekena veditum icchāmi ||1||
Viśvanātha :
sannyāsa-jñāna-karmādes traividhyaṃ mukti-nirṇayaḥ |
guhya-sāratamā bhaktir ity aṣṭādaśa ucyate ||
anantarādhyāye -
tad ity anabhisandhāya
phalaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ |
dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ
kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ || (Gītā 17.25)
ity atra bhagavad-vākye mokṣa-kāṅkṣi-śabdena sannyāsina eva ucyante | anye vā yady anya eva te, tarhi - sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān iti (Gītā 12.11) tvad-uktānāṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgināṃ teṣāṃ sa tyāgaḥ kaḥ | sannyāsināṃ ca ko sa sannyāsa iti vivekato jijñāsur āha sannyāsasyeti | pṛthag iti yadi sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdau bhinnārthau tadā sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag veditum icchāmi | yadi tv ekārthau tāv api tvan-mate anya-mate vā tayor aikyārtham arthād ekārthatvam iti pṛthag veditum icchāmi | he hṛṣīkeśeti mad-buddheḥ pravartakatvāt tvam eva imaṃ sandeha-mukhāpayasi | keśi-nisūdana iti taṃ ca sandehaṃ tvam eva keśinam iva vidārayasīti bhāvaḥ | mahābāho iti tvaṃ mahā-bāhu-balānvito 'haṃ kiñcid bāhubalānvita ity etad aṃśenaiva mayā saha sakhyaṃ tava | na tu
sārvajñyādibhir aṃśair atas tvad-datta-kiñcit-sakhya-bhāvād eva praśne mama niḥśaṅkateti bhāvaḥ ||1||
Baladeva :
gītārthān iha saṅgṛhṇan harir aṣṭādaśe 'khilān |
bhaktes tatra prapatteś ca so 'bravīd atigopyatām ||
sarva-karmāṇi manasā sannyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī | (Gītā 5.13) ity ādau sannyāsa-śabdena kim uktam -- tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ (Gītā 4.20) ityādau tyāga-śabdena ca kim uktaṃ bhagavatā tatra sandihāno 'rjunaḥ pṛcchati sannyāsasyeti | sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdau śaila-taru-śabdāv iva vijātīyārthau kiṃ vā kuru-pāṇḍava-śabdāv iva sajātīyārthau | yady ādyas tarhi sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag-veditum icchāmi | yadyantas tarhi tatrāvāntaropādhi-mātraṃ bhedakaṃ bhāvi, tac ca veditum icchāmi | he mahābāho kṛṣṇa hṛṣīkeśeti dhī-vṛtti-prerakatvāt tvam eva mat-sandeham utpādayasi | keśi-nisūdaneti tvaṃ mat-sandehaṃ keśinam iva vināśayeti ||1||
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BhG 18.2
śrībhagavān uvāca
kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ |
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ ||2||
Śrīdhara : tatrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca - kāmyānām iti | kāmyānāṃ putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajetety evam ādi kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ sannyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ | samyak-phalaiḥsaha sarva-karmaṇām api nyāsaṃ sannyāsaṃ paṇḍitā vidur jānantīty arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nitya-naimittikānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phala-mātra-tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā nipuṇāḥ | na tu svarūpataḥ karma-tyāgam |
nanu nitya-naimittikānāṃ phalāśravaṇād avidyamānasya phalasya kathaṃ tyāgaḥ syāt | nahi bandhyāyāḥ putra-tyāgaḥ sambhavanti |
ucyate yadyapi svarga-kāmaḥ paśukāma ity ādivad aharahaḥ sandhyām upāsīta yāvaj-jīvam agnihotraṃ juhotīty ādiṣu phala-viśeṣo na śrūyate tathāpy apuruṣārthe vyāpāre prekṣāvantaṃ pravartayitum aśaknuvan vidhir viśvajitā yajetety ādiṣv iva sāmānyataḥ kim api phalam ākṣipaty eva | na cātīva-gurum ataḥ śraddhayā sva-siddhir eva vidheḥ prayojanam iti mantavyam | puruṣa-pravṛtty-anupapatter duṣparaharatvāt | śrūyate ca nityādiṣv api phalam - sarva ete puṇya-lokā bhavatīti | karmaṇā pitṛ-loka iti | dharmeṇa pāpam apanudanti ity evam ādiṣu | tasmād yuktam uktaṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā iti |
nanu phala-tyāgena punar pai niṣphaleṣu karmasu pravṛttir eva na syāt | tan na, sarveṣām api karmaṇāṃ saṃyoga-pṛthaktvena vividiṣārthatayā viniyogāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakeneti | tataś ca śruti-padoktaṃ sarvaṃ phalaṃ bandhakatvena tyaktvā vividiṣārthaṃ sarva-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ ghaṭata eva | vividiṣā ca nityānitya-vastu-vivekena nivṛtta-dehādy-abhimānatayā buddheḥ pratyak-pravaṇatā | tāvat paryantaṃ ca sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ jñānāviruddhaṃ yathocitam avaśyakaṃ karma kurvatas tat-phala-tyāga eva karma-tyāgo nāma | na svarūpeṇa | tathā ca śrutiḥ kurvann eveha karmāṇi jijīviṣec chatāṃ samāḥ (Īśo 2) iti | tataḥ parantu sarva-karma-nivṛttiḥ svata eva bhavati | tad uktaṃ naiṣkarmya-siddhau -
pratyak-pravaṇatāṃ buddheḥ karmāṇi utpādya śuddhitaḥ |
kṛtārthānyastam āyānti prāvṛḍaste ghanā iva ||
uktaṃ ca bhagavatā - yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādi | vaśiṣṭhena coktam -
na karmāṇi tyajed yogī
karmabhis tyajyate hy asau |
karmaṇo mūla-bhūtasya
saṅkalpasyaiva nāśataḥ || iti |
jñāna-niṣṭhā-vikṣepakatvam ālakṣya tyajed vā | tad uktaṃ śrī-bhāgavate -
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta
na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā
śraddhā yāvan na jāyate || (BhP 11.20.9)
jñāna-niṣṭho virakto vā
mad-bhakto vānapekṣakaḥ |
saliṅgānāśramāṃs tyaktvā
cared avidhi-gocaraḥ || (BhP 11.18.28) ity ādi |
alam atiprasaṅgena prakṛtam anusarāmaḥ ||2||
Viśvanātha : prathamaṃ prācyaṃ matam āśritya sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdayor bhinna-jātīyārthatvam āha kāmyānām iti | putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajeta ity evaṃ kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇaiva tyāgaṃ sannyāsaṃ vidur na tu nityānām api sandhyopāstādīnām iti bhāvaḥ | sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānām api karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ karmaṇā pitṛlokaḥ iti | dharmeṇa pāpam upanudati ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ pratipādayanty eva ity atas tyāge phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ sarva-karma-karaṇam | sannyāse tu phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ nitya-karma-karaṇam | kāmya-karmaṇāṃ tu svarūpeṇaiva tyāga iti bhedo jñeyaḥ ||2||
Baladeva : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca kāmyānām iti | putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajeta ity evaṃ kāmopanibandhena vihitānāṃ putreṣṭi-jyotiṣṭomādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇatyāgaṃ kavayaḥ paṇḍitāḥ sannyāsaṃ vidur na tu nityānām agnihotrādīnām ity arthaḥ | teṣu vicakṣaṇās tu sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgam eva, na tu svarūpatas tyāgaṃ sannyāsa-lakṣaṇaṃ tyāgaṃ prāhuḥ | nitya-karmaṇāṃ ca phalam asti - karmaṇāṃ pitṛ-loko dharmeṇa pāpam apanudati ity ādi śravaṇāt | yadyapi aharahaḥ sandhyām upāsīta, yāvaj-jīvanam agnihotraṃ juhoti ity ādau, putra-kāmo yajeta ity ādāv iva phala-viśeṣo na śrutayas tathāpi viśvajitā yajeta ity ādāv iva vidhiḥ kiñcit phalam ākṣiped eva | itarathā puruṣa-pravṛtty-anupapatter
duṣpariharatāpattiḥ | tathā ca kāmya-karmaṇāṃ svarūpatas tyāgo, nitya-karmaṇāṃ tu phala-tyāgaḥ sannyāsa-śabdārthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalecchāṃ tyaktvānuṣṭhānaṃ khalu tyāga-śabdārthaḥ | pūrvokta-rītyā jñānodaya-phalasya sattvād apravṛtter duṣpariharatvaṃ pratyuktam ||2||
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BhG 18.3
tyājyaṃ doṣavad ity eke karma prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ |
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti cāpare ||3||
Śrīdhara : aviduṣaḥ phala-tyāga-mātram eva tyāga-śabdārthaḥ | na karma-tyāga iti | etad eva matāntara-nirāsena dṛḍhīkartuṃ mata-bhedaṃ darśayati tyājyam iti | doṣavad dhiṃsādi-doṣakatvena kevalaṃ bandhakam iti hetoḥ sarveṣām api karma tyājyam iti eke sāṅkhyāḥ prāhur manīṣiṇa iti | asyāyaṃ bhāvaḥ - mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtānīti niṣedhaḥ puruṣasyānartha-hetur hiṃsā ity āha | agnīṣomīyaṃ paśum ālabhetety ādi-prākaraṇiko vidhis tu hiṃsāyāḥ kratūpakārakatvam āha | ato bhinna-viṣayakatvena sāmānya-viśeṣa-nyāyāgocaratvād vādhyavādhakatā nāsti | dravya-sādhyeṣu ca sarveṣv api karmasu hiṃsādeḥ sambhavāt sarvam api karma tyājyam eveti | tad uktaṃ - dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy aviśuddhi-kṣayātiśaya-yukta iti | asyārthaḥ guru-pāṭhād anuśrūyata
iti anuśravo vedaḥ | tad bodhita upāyo jyotiṣṭhomādir ānuśravikaḥ | tatrāviśuddhir hiṃsā | tathā kṣayo vināśaḥ | agnihotra-jyotiṣṭhomādi-janyeṣu svargeṣu tāratamyaṃ ca vartate | parotkarṣas tu sarvān duḥkhīkaroti |
apare tu mīmāṃsakā yajñādikaṃ karma na tyājyam iti prāhuḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ kratv-arthāpi satīyaṃ hiṃsā puruṣeṇa kartavyā | sā cānyoddeśenāpi kṛtā puruṣasya pratyavāya-hetur eva | yathā hi vidhir vidheyasya tad-uddeśyenānuṣṭhānaṃ vidhatte | tādarthya-lakṣaṇatvāc cheṣatvasya | na tv evaṃ niṣedho niṣedhasya tādarthyam apekṣate prāpti-mātrāpekṣitatvāt | anyathājñāna-pramādādi-kṛte doṣābhāva-prasaṅgāt | tad evaṃ samāna-viṣayakatvena sāmānya-śāstrasya viśeṣeṇa bādhān nāsti doṣavattvam | ato nityaṃ yajñādi-karma na tyājyam iti | anena vidhi-niṣedhayoḥ samāna-balatā bādhyate sāmānya-viśeṣa-nyāyaṃ sampādayitum ||3||
Viśvanātha : tyāge punar api mata-bhedam upakṣipati tyājyam iti | doṣavat hiṃsādi-doṣavattvāt karma svarūpata eva tyājyām ity eke sāṅkhyāḥ | pare mīmāṃsakā yajñādikaṃ karma śāstre vihitatvān na tyājyam ity āhuḥ ||3||
Baladeva : tyāge punar api mata-bhedam āha tyājyam iti | eke manīṣiṇo doṣavat na hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtānīti śruti-nidarśinaḥ kāpilāḥ karma-doṣavat paśu-hiṃsādi-doṣa-yuktaṃ bhavaty atas tyājyaṃ svarūpato heyam ity āhuḥ | agnīṣomīyaṃ paśum ālabheteti śrutis tu hiṃsāyāḥ kratv-aṅgatvam āha tv anartha-hetutvaṃ tasyā nivārayati | tathā ca dravya-sādhyatvena hiṃsāyāḥ sambhavāt | sarvaṃ karma tyājyam iti | apare jaiminīyās tu yajñādikarma na tyājyaṃ tasya veda-vihitatvena nirdoṣatvād ity āhuḥ - yadyapi hiṃsānugrahātmakaṃ karma tathāpi tasya vedena dharmatvābhidhānān na doṣavattvam ataḥ kāryam evety arthaḥ | na hiṃsyāt iti sāmānyato niṣedhas tu krator anyatra tasyāḥ pāpatām āheti na kiñcid avadyam ||3||
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BhG 18.4
niścayaṃ śṛṇu me tatra tyāge bharatasattama |
tyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra trividhaḥ saṃprakīrtitaḥ ||4||
Śrīdhara : evaṃ mata-bhedam upanyasya svamataṃ kathayitum āha niścayam iti | tatraivaṃ vipratipanne tyāge niścayaṃ ye vacanāt śṛṇu | tyāgasya loka-prasiddhatvāt kim atra śrotavym iti māvamaṃsthā ity āha he puruṣa-vyāghra puruṣa-śreṣṭha | tyāgo 'yaṃ durbodhaḥ | hi yasmād ayaṃ karma-tyāgas tattvavidhbis tāmasādi-bhedena trividhaḥ samyag-vivekena prakīrtitaḥ | traividhyaṃ ca niyatasya tu sannyāsaḥ karmaṇa ity ādinā vakṣyati ||4||
Viśvanātha : svamatam āha niścayam iti | trividhaḥ sāttviko rājasas tāmasaś ceti | atra tyāgasya traividhyam uktramya niyatasya tu sannyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate | mohāt tasya parityāgas tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ || iti tasya eva tāmasa-bhedaiḥ sannyāsa-śabda-prayogād bhagavan-mate tyāga-sannyāsa-śabdayor aikyārtham evety avagamyate ||4||
Baladeva : evaṃ mata-bhedam upavarṇya svamatam āha niścayam iti | mata-bheda-graste tyāge me parameśvarasya sarvajñasya niścayaṃ śṛṇu | nanu tyāgasya khyātatvāt tatra śrotavyaṃ kim asti | tatrāha tyāgo hīti | hi yatas tyāgas tāmasādi-bhedena vijñais trividhaḥ samprakīrtito vivicyoktaḥ | tathā ca durbodho 'sau śrotavya iti tyāga-traividhyam | niyatasya tu ity ādibhir agre vācyam ||4||
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BhG 18.5
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyaṃ kāryam eva tat |
yajño dānaṃ tapaś caiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām ||5||
Śrīdhara : prathamaṃ tāvan niścayam āha yajñeti dvābhyām | manīṣiṇāṃ vivekināṃ pāvanāni citta-śuddhi-karāṇi ||5||
Viśvanātha : kāmyānām api madhye bhagavan-mate sāttvikāni yajña-dāna-tapāṃsi phalākāṅkṣā-rahitaiḥ kartavyānīty āha yajñādikaṃ kartavyam eva | tatra hetuḥ pāvanānīti citta-śuddhikaratvād ity arthaḥ ||5||
Baladeva : prathamaṃ tasmin svaniścayam āha yajñeti dvābhyām | yajñādīni manīṣiṇāṃ kāryāṇy eva na tyājyāni yad amūni viṣa-tantuvad antarabhyudita-jñāna-dvārā pāvanāni saṃsṛti-doṣa-vināśakāni bhavanti ||5||
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BhG 18.6
etāny api tu karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalāni ca |
kartavyānīti me pārtha niścitaṃ matam uttamam ||6||
Śrīdhara : yena prakāreṇa kṛtāny etāni pāvanāni bhavanti taṃ prakāraṃ darśayann āha etānīti | yāni yajñādīni karmāṇi mayā pāvanānīty uktam etāny apy eva kartavyāni | katham? saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhantayā kartavyānīti | phalāni ca tyaktvā kartavyāni iti ca me mataṃ niścitam | ata evottamam ||6||
Viśvanātha : yena prakāreṇa kṛtāny etāni pāvanāni bhavanti taṃ prakāraṃ darśayati etāny apīti | saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ phalābhisandhiṃ ca | phalābhisandhi-kartṛtvābhiniveśayos tyāga eva tyāgaḥ sannyāsaś cocyata ity bhāvaḥ ||6||
Baladeva : yajñādīnāṃ pāvanatā-prakāram āha etāny apīti | saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ phalāni ca pratipaoktāni pitṛ-lokādīni ca sarvāṇi tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārcana-dhiyā kartavyānīti me mayā niścitam ata uttamam idaṃ matam | kartṛtvābhiniveśa-tyāgasyāpi praveśāt pārtha-sārather mataṃ varīyaḥ ||6||
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BhG 18.7
niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate |
mohāt tasya parityāgas tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||7||
Śrīdhara : pratijñātaṃ tyāgasya traividhyam idānīṃ darśayati niyatasyeti tribhiḥ | kāmyasya karmaṇo bandhakatvāt sannyāso yuktam | niyatasya tu nityasya punaḥ karmaṇaḥ sannyāsas tyāgo nopapadyate | sattva-śuddhi-dvārā mokṣa-hetutvāt | atas tasya parityāga upādeyatve 'pi tyājyam ity evaṃ lakṣaṇān mohād eva bhavet | sa ca mohasya tāmasatvāt tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||7||
Viśvanātha : prakrāntasya trividha-tyāgasya tāmasaṃ bhedam āha niyatasya nityasya | mohāt śāstra-tātparyājñānāt | sannyāsī kāmya-karmaṇy āvaśyakatvābhāvāt parityajatu nāma, nityasya tu karmaṇas tyāgo nopapadyate iti tu śabdārthaḥ | mohād ajñānāt | tāmasa iti tāmasa-tyāgasya phalam ajñāna-prāptir eva | na tv abhīpsita-jñāna-prāptir iti bhāvaḥ ||7||
Baladeva : pratijñātaṃ tyāga-traividhyam āha niyatasyeti tribhiḥ | kāmyasya karmaṇo bandhakatvāt tyāgo yuktaḥ | niyatasya nitya-naimittikasya mahā-yajñādeḥ karmaṇaḥ sannyāsas tyāgo nopapadyate | ātmoddeśād viśīrṇādivad antargata-jñānasya tasya mocakatvād dehayātrā-sādhakatvāc ca tat-tyāgo na yuktaḥ | tena hi devatā-bhagavad-vibhūtir arcatāṃ tac-cheṣaiḥ pūtaiḥ siddhā deha-yātrā tattva-jñānāya sampadyate | vaiparītye pūrvam abhihitaṃ nityataṃ kuru karma tvam ity ādibhis tṛtīyae tasyāpi mohād bandhakam idam ity ajñānāt paritaḥ svarūpeṇa tyāgas tāmaso bhavati - mohasya tamo-dharmatvāt ||7||
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BhG 18.8
duḥkham ity eva yat karma kāyakleśabhayāt tyajet |
sa kṛtvā rājasaṃ tyāgaṃ naiva tyāgaphalaṃ labhet ||8||
Śrīdhara : rājasaṃ tyāgam āha duḥkham iti | yaḥ kartā ātma-bodhaṃ vinā kevalaṃ duḥkham ity evaṃ matvā śarīrāyāsa-bhayāt nityaṃ karma tyajet iti yat tādṛśas tyāgo rājaso duḥkhasya rājasatvāt | atas taṃ rājasaṃ tyāgaṃ kṛtvā sa rājasaḥ puruṣas tyāgasya phalaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ naiva labhata ity arthaḥ ||8||
Viśvanātha : duḥkham ity eveti | yadyapi nitya-karmaṇām āvaśyakam eva tat-karaṇe guṇa eva na tu doṣa iti jānāmy eva | tad apii taiḥ śarīraṃ mayā kathaṃ vṛthā kleśayitavyam iti bhāvaḥ | tyāga-phalaṃ jñānaṃ na labheta ||8||
Baladeva : niṣkāmatayānuṣṭhitaṃ vihitaṃ karma muktihetur iti jānann api dravopyārjana-prātaḥ-snānādinā duḥkha-rūpam iti kāya-kleśa-bhayāc caitan mumukṣur api tyajet | sa tyāgo rājasaḥ duḥkhasya rajo-dharmatvāt | taṃ tyāgaṃ kṛtvāpi janas tasya phalaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ na labheta ||8||
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BhG 18.9
kāryam ity eva yat karma niyataṃ kriyaterjuna |
saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalaṃ caiva sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ ||9||
Śrīdhara : sāttvikaṃ tyāgam āha kāryam iti | kāryam ity evaṃ niyatam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ karma saṅgaṃ phalaṃ ca tyaktvā kriyate iti yat tādṛśas tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ ||9||
Viśvanātha : kāryam avaśya-kartavyam iti buddhyā niyataṃ nityaṃ karma, sāttvika iti tyāgāt tyāga-phalaṃ jñānaṃ sa labhetaiveti bhāvaḥ ||9||
Baladeva : kāryam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ karma niyataṃ yathā bhavati, tathā saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ phalaṃ ca nikhilaṃ tyaktvā kriyata iti yat sa tyāgaḥ sāttvikas tādṛśa-jñānasya sattva-dharmatvāt ||9||
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BhG 18.10
na dveṣṭy akuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate |
tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī chinnasaṃśayaḥ ||10||
Śrīdhara : evambhūta-sāttvika-tyāga-pariniṣṭhitasya lakṣaṇam āha na dveṣṭīty ādi | sattva-samāviṣṭaḥ sattvena saṃvyāptaḥ sāttvika-tyāgī | akuśalaṃ duḥkhāvahaṃ śiśire prātaḥ-snānādikaṃ karma na dveṣṭi | kuśale ca sukha-kare karmaṇi nidāghe madhyāhna-snānādau nānuṣajjate prītiṃ na karoti | tatra hetuḥ medhāvī sthira-buddhiḥ | yatra para-paribhavādi mahad api duḥkhaṃ sahate svargādi-sukhaṃ ca tyajati tatra kiyad etat tātkālikaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca ity evam anusandhānavān ity arthaḥ | ataeva chinnaḥ saṃśayo mithyā-jñānaṃ daihika-sukha-duḥkhayor upāditsā-parijihīrṣā-lakṣaṇaṃ yasya saḥ ||10||
Viśvanātha : evambhūta-sāttvika-tyāga-pariniṣṭhitasya lakṣaṇam āha na dveṣṭīty ādi | akuśalaṃ asukhadaṃ śīte prātaḥ-snānādikaṃ na dveṣṭi | kuśale sukha-grīṣma-snānādau ||10||
Baladeva : sāttvika-tyāgino lakṣaṇam āha dveṣṭīti | akuśalaṃ duḥkhadaṃ hemanta-prātaḥ-snānādi na dveṣṭi | kuśale sukhade nidāgha-madhyāhne snānādau na sajjate | yataḥ sattva-samāviṣṭo 'tidhāro medhāvī sthiradhīś chinno vihitāni karmāṇi kleśānuṣṭhitāni jñānaṃ janayeyur na vety evaṃ lakṣaṇaḥ saṃśayo yena saḥ || īdṛśaḥ sāttvika-tyāgī bodhyaḥ ||10||
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BhG 18.11
na hi dehabhṛtā śakyaṃ tyaktuṃ karmāṇy aśeṣataḥ |
yas tu karmaphalatyāgī sa tyāgīty abhidhīyate ||11||
Śrīdhara : nanv evambhutāt karma-phala-tyāgād varaṃ sarva-karma-tyāgaḥ | tathā sati karma-vikṣepābhāvena jñāna-niṣṭhā sukhaṃ sampadyate tatrāha na hīti | deha-bhṛtā dehātmābhimānavatā niḥśeṣeṇa sarvāṇi karmāṇi tyaktuṃ na hi cākyam | tad uktaṃ na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛd ity ādinā | tasmād yas tu karmāṇi kurvann api karma-phala-tyāgī sa eva mukhas tyāgīty abhidhīyate ||11||
Viśvanātha : ito 'pi śāstrīyaṃ karma na tyājyam ity āha na hīti | tyaktuṃ na śakyaṃ na śakyāni | tad uktaṃ na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛd iti ||11||
Baladeva : nanv īdṛśāt phala-tyāgāt svarūpataḥ karma-tyāgo varīyān vikṣepābhāvena jñāna-niṣṭhā sādhakatvād iti cet tatrāha na hīti | deha-bhṛtā karmāṇy aśeṣatas tyaktuṃ na hi śakyaṃ na śakyāni | yad uktaṃ na hi kaścit kṣaṇam apītyādi | tasmād yaḥ karmāṇi kurvann eva tat-phala-tyāgo, sa eva tyāgīty ucyate | tathā ca saniṣṭho 'dhikārī kartṛtvābhiniveśa-phalecchā-śūnyo yathā-śakti sarvāṇi karmāṇi jñānārthī san kuryād iti pārtha-sārather matam ||11||
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BhG 18.12
aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam |
bhavaty atyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit ||12||
Śrīdhara : evambhūtasya karma-phala-tyāgasya phalam āha aniṣṭam iti | aniṣṭam nārakitvam | iṣṭaṃ devatvam | miśraṃ manuṣyatvam | evaṃ trividhaṃ pāpasya puṇyasya cobhaya-miśrasya ca karmaṇo yat phalaṃ prasiddham | tat sarvam atyāgināṃ sakāmānām eva pretya paratra bhavati | teṣāṃ trividha-karma-sambhavāt | na tu sannyāsināṃ kvacid api bhavati | sannyāsi-śabdenātra phala-tyāga-sāmyāt prakṛtāḥ karma-phala-tyāgino 'pi gṛhyante | anāśritaḥ karma-phalaṃ kāryaṃ karma karoti yaḥ | sa sannyāsī ca yogī cety evam ādau ca karma-phala-tyāgiṣu sannyāsi-śabda-yoga-darśanāt | teṣāṃ sāttvikānāṃ pāpāsambhavād īśvarārpaṇena ca puṇya-phalasya tyaktatvāt trividham api karma-phalaṃ na bhavatīty arthaḥ ||12||
Viśvanātha : evambhūta-tyāgābhāve doṣam āha - aniṣṭaṃ naraka-duḥkhaṃ iṣṭaṃ svarga-sukhaṃ miśraṃ manuṣya-janmani sukha-duḥkham atyāgināṃ evambhūta-tyāga-rahitānām eva bhavati pretya paraloke ||12||
Baladeva : īdṛśa-tyāgābhāve doṣam āha aniṣṭam iti | aniṣṭaṃ nārakitvam | iṣṭaṃ svargitvaṃ miśraṃ manuṣyatvam | duḥkha-sukha-yogīti trividhaṃ karma-phalam | atyāginām ukta-tyāga-rahitānāṃ pretya para-kāle bhavati | na tu sannyāsinām ukta-tyāgavatām | teṣāṃ tu karmāntargatena jñānena mokṣo bhavatīti tyāga-phalam uktam ||12||
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BhG 18.13
pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodha me |
sāṃkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām ||13||
Śrīdhara : nanu karma kurvataḥ karma-phalaṃ kathaṃ na bhaved ity āśaṅkya saṅga-tyāgino nirahaṅkārasya sataḥ karma-phalena lepo nāstīty upapādayitum āha pañceti pañcabhiḥ | sarva-karmaṇāṃ siddhaye niṣpattaya imāni vakṣyamāṇāni pañca-kāraṇāni me vacanān nibodha jānīhi | ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhimāna-nivṛtty-artham avaśyam etāni jñātavyānīty evam | teṣāṃ stuty-artham evāha sāṅkhya iti | samyak khyāyate jñāyate paramātmā 'neneti sāṅkhyaṃ tattva-jñānam | prakāśamāna ātma-bodhaḥ sāṅkhyam | tasmin kṛtaṃ karma tasyāntaḥ samāptir asminn iti sāṅkhyam | kṛto 'nto nirṇaye 'sminn iti kṛtāntaṃ sāṅkhya-śāstram eva | tasmin proktāni | ataḥ samyaṅ nibodha ity arthaḥ |
Viśvanātha : nanu karmakurvataḥ karma-phalaṃ kathaṃ na bhaved ity āśaṅkya nirahaṅkāratve sati karma-lepo nāstīty upapādayitum āha pañcamānīti pañcabhiḥ | sarva-karmaṇāṃ siddhaye niṣpattaya imāni pañca-kāraṇāni me mama vacanān nibodha jānīhi | samyak paramātmānaṃ khyāti kathayati iti saṅkhyam eva sāṅkhyaṃ vedānta-śāstraṃ tasmin | kīdṛśe kṛtaṃ karma tasyānto nāśo yasmāt tasmin proktāni |
Baladeva : nanu karmāṇi kurvatāṃ tat-phalāni kuto na syur iti cet svasmin kartṛtvābhiniveśa-tyāgena parameśvare mukha-kartṛtva-niścayena bhavatīty āśayenāha pañcaitānīti pañcabhiḥ | he mahābāho sarva-karmaṇāṃ siddhaye niṣpattaye etāni pañca-kāraṇāni me matto nibodha jānīhi | pramāṇam āha sāṅkhya iti | sāṅkhyaṃ jñānaṃ tat-pratipādakaṃ vedānta-śāstram sāṅkhyaṃ tasmin | kīdṛśīty āha kṛtānte kṛta-nirṇaye sarveṣāṃ karma-hetūnāṃ pravartakaḥ paramātmeti nirṇaya-kāriṇīty arthaḥ | antaryāmi-brahmaṇe viditam etat | ihāpi sarvasya cāhaṃ hṛdi (Gītā 15.15) ity ādy uktaṃ | vakṣyate ca īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānām (Gītā 18.61) ity ādi ||
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BhG 18.14
adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā karaṇaṃ ca pṛthagvidham |
vividhāś ca pṛthakceṣṭā daivaṃ caivātra pañcamam ||14||
Śrīdhara : tāny evāha adhiṣṭhānam iti | adhiṣṭhānaṃ śarīram | kartā cid-acid-granthir ahaṅkāraḥ | pṛthag-vidham aneka-prakāram | karaṇaṃ cakṣuḥ-śrotrādi | vividhāḥ kāryataḥ svarūpataś ca | pṛthag-bhūta-ceṣṭā prāṇāpānādīnāṃ vyāpārāḥ | atraitad eva pañcamaṃ kāraṇaṃ daivam | cakṣur-ādy-anugrāhakam ādityādi-sarva-prerako 'ntaryāmī vā ||14||
Viśvanātha : tāny eva gaṇayati adhīti | adhiṣṭhānaṃ śarīraṃ | kartā cij-jaḍa-granthir ahaṅkāraḥ, karaṇaṃ cakṣuḥ-śrotrādi | pṛthag-vidham aneka-prakāram | pṛthak-ceṣṭā prāṇāpānādīnāṃ pṛthag-vyāpārāḥ | daivaṃ sarva-prerako 'ntaryāmī ca ||14||
Baladeva : tāny eva gaṇayati adhīti | adhiṣṭhīyate jīvenety adhiṣṭhānaṃ śarīraṃ kartā jīvaḥ asya jñātṛtva-kartṛtve śrutir āha eṣa hi draṣṭā sraṣṭā ity (PraśnaU 4.9) ādinā | sūtrakāraś ca jño 'ta eva (Vs 2.3.18) iti kartā śāstrārthavattvāt (Vs 2.3.26) ity ādi ca | karaṇaṃ śrotrādisamanaskam | pṛthag-vidhaṃ karma-niṣpattau pṛthag-vyāpāram | vividhā ca pṛthak-ceṣṭā prāṇāpānādīnāṃ nānā-vidhā pṛthag-vyāpārāḥ | daivaṃ cety atra karma-niṣpādake hetu-pracaye daivaṃ sarvārādhyaṃ paraṃ brahma pañcamam | karma-niṣpattāv antaryāmī harir mukhyo hetur ity arthaḥ | dehendriya-prāṇa-jīvopakaraṇo 'sau karma-pravartaka iti niścayavatāṃ karma tat-phaleṣu kartṛtvābhiniveśa-spṛhā-virahitānāṃ karmāṇi na bandhakānīti bhāvaḥ |
nanu jīvasya kartṛtve pareśāyatte sati tasya karma sva-niyojyatvāpattiḥ, kāṣṭhādi-tulyatvāt | vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrāṇi ca vyarthāni syuḥ | svadhiyā pravartituṃ na śakto niyojyo dṛṣṭaḥ | ucyate -- pareśena dattair dehendriyādibhis tenaivāhita-śaktibhis tad-ādhāra-bhūto jīvas tad-āhita-śaktibhis tad-ādhāra-bhūto jīvas tad-āhita-śaktikaḥ san karma-siddhaye svecchayaiva dehendriyādikam adhitiṣṭhati | pareśas tu tat-sarvāntaḥ-sthas tasminn anumatiṃ dadānas taṃ prerayatīti jīvasya sva-dhiyā pravṛtti-nivṛttimattvam astīti na kiñcic codyam | evam eva sūtrakāro niṛṇītavān parāt tat tac chakteḥ (? parāt tac-chruteḥ, 2.3.40) ity ādinā | nanu muktasya jīvasya kartṛtvaṃ na syāt, tasya dehendriya-prāṇānāṃ vigamād iti cen na, tadā saṅkalpa-siddhānāṃ divyānāṃ teṣāṃ sattvāt ||14||
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BhG 18.15
śarīravāṅmanobhir yat karma prārabhate naraḥ |
nyāyyaṃ vā viparītaṃ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ ||15||
Śrīdhara: eteṣām eva sarva-karma-hetutvam āha śarīreti | yathoktaiḥ pañcabhiḥ prārabhyamānaṃ karma triṣv evāntarbhāvyam | śarīra-vāṅ-manobhir ity uktaṃ śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca trividhaṃ karmeti prasiddheḥ | śarīrādibhiḥ yat karma dharmyam adharmyaṃ vā karoti naras tasya karmaṇa ete pañca hetavaḥ |
Viśvanātha : śarīrādibhir iti śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ceti karma trividham | tac ca sarvaṃ dvividham | nyāyyaṃ dharmyaṃ viparītam anyāyyam adharmyaṃ | tasya sarvasyāpi karmaṇa ete pañca-hetavaḥ |
Baladeva : śarīreti -- nyāyyaṃ śāstrīyam, viparītam aśāstrīyam || 15 ||
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BhG 18.16
tatraivaṃ sati kartāram ātmānaṃ kevalaṃ tu yaḥ |
paśyaty akṛtabuddhitvān na sa paśyati durmatiḥ ||16||
Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha tatreti | tatra sarvasmin karmaṇi ete pañca hetava iti | evaṃ sati kevalaṃ nirupādhim asaṅgam ātmānaṃ tu yaḥ kartāraṃ paśyati śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām asaṃskṛta-buddhitvād durmatir asau samyak na paśyati |
Viśvanātha : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha tatreti | tatra sarvasmin karmaṇi ete pañcaiva hetava ity evaṃ sati kevalaṃ vastutaḥ niḥsaṅgam evātmānaṃ jīvaṃ yaḥ kartāraṃ paśyati, so 'haṅkṛta-buddhitvād asaṃskṛta-buddhitvād durmatir naiva paśyati | so 'jñānī anda evocyata iti bhāvaḥ |
Baladeva : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha tatreti | tatreti | evaṃ sati jīvasya kartṛtve pareśānumati-pūrvake tad-datta-dehādi-sāpekṣe ca sati, tatra karmaṇi kevalam evātmānaṃ jīvam eva yaḥ kartāraṃ paśyati | sa durmatir akṛta-buddhitvād alabdha-jñānatvān na paśyati yathāndhaḥ
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BhG 18.17
yasya nāhaṃkṛto bhāvo buddhir yasya na lipyate |
hatvā.api sa imāṃl lokān na hanti na nibadhyate ||17||
Śrīdhara: kas tarhi sumatir yasya karma-lepo nāstīty uktam ity apekṣāyām āha - yasyeti | aham iti kṛto 'haṃ kartā ity evambhūto bhāvaḥ | yad vā ahaṅkṛto 'haṅkārasya bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ | kartṛtvābhiniveśo yasya nāsti | śarīrādīnām eva karma-kartṛtvālocanād ity arthaḥ | ataeva yasya buddhir na lipyate iṣṭāniṣṭa-buddhyā karmasu na sajjate | na evambhūto dehādi-vyatiriktātma-darśī imān lokān sarvān api prāṇino loka-dṛṣṭyā hatvāpi viviktatayā sva-dṛṣṭyā na hanti, na tat-phalair nibadhyate bandhaṃ na prāpnoti | kiṃ punaḥ sattva-śuddhi-dvārā parokṣa-jñānotpatti-hetubhiḥ karmabhis tasya baddha-śaṅkety arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ - brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ | lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā || (Gītā 5.10)
Viśvanātha : kas tarhi sumatiś cakṣuṣmān ity ata āha yasyeti | ahaṅkṛto ahaṅkārasya bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ kartṛtvābhiniveśo yasya nāsti ataeva yasya buddhir na lipyate iṣṭāniṣṭa-buddhyā karmasu nāsajjati, sa hi karma-phalaṃ na prāpnotīti kiṃ kartavyam | sa hi karma bhadrābhadraṃ kurvann api naiva karotīty āha hatvāpīti, sa imān sarvān api prāṇino loka-dṛṣṭyā hatvāpi sva-dṛṣṭyā naiva hanti | nirabhisandhitvād iti bhāvaḥ | ato na badhyate karma-phalaṃ na prāpnotīti |
Baladeva : kas tarhi cakṣuṣmān sumatis tatrāha yasyeti | yasya puruṣasya manovṛtti-lakṣaṇo bhāvo nāhaṅkṛtaḥ sva-kartṛtve pareśāyatte 'nusandhite sati karmāṇy aham eva karomīty abhimāna-kṛto na bhavet | yasya ca buddhir na lipyate karma-phala-spṛhayā, sa imāṅl lokān na kevalaṃ bhīṣmādīn hatvāpi na hanti, na ca tena sarva-loka-hananena karmaṇā nibadhyate lipyate || 17 ||
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BhG 18.18
jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā |
karaṇaṃ karma karteti trividhaḥ karmasaṃgrahaḥ ||18||
Śrīdhara: hatvāpi na hanti na nibadhyate ity etad evopapādayituṃ karma-codanāyāḥ karmāśrayasya ca karma-phalādīnāṃ ca triguṇātmakatvān nirguṇasyātmanas tat-sambandho nāstīty abhiprāyeṇa karma-codanāṃ karmāśrayaṃ cāha - jñānam iti | jñānam iṣṭa-sādhanam etad iti bodhaḥ | jñeyam iṣṭa-sādhanaṃ karma | parijñātā evambhūta-jñānāśrayaḥ | evaṃ trividhā karma-codanā | codyate pravartyate 'nayā iti codanā | jñānādi-trayaṃ karma-pravṛtti-hetur ity arthaḥ | yad vā codaneti vidhir ucyate | tad uktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ - codanā copadeśaś ca vidhiś caikārtha-vācina iti | tataś cāyam arthaḥ ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ triguṇātmakaṃ jñānādi-trayam avalambhya karma-vidhiḥ pravartate iti | tad uktaṃ traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā iti | tathā ca karaṇaṃ sādhakatamam | karma ca kartur īpsitatamam | kartā kriyā-nirvartakaḥ
| karma saṅgṛhyate 'sminn iti karma-saṅgrahaḥ | karaṇādi trividhaṃ kārakam | kriyāśraya ity arthaḥ | sampradānādi kāraka-trayaṃ tu parasparayā kriyā-pravartakam eva kevalam | na tu sākṣāt kriyāyāṃ āśrayaḥ | ataḥ karaṇādi-trayam eva kriyāśraya ity uktam ||
Viśvanātha : tad evaṃ bhagavan-mata ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ sāttvikas tyāga eva sannyāso jñāninām, bhaktānāṃ tu karma-yogasya svarūpeṇaiva tyāgo 'vagamyate | yad uktam ekādaśe bhagavataiva
ājñāyaiva guṇān doṣān
mayādiṣṭān api svakān |
dharmān santyajya yaḥ sarvān
māṃ bhajet sa ca sattamaḥ || (BhP 11.11.37) iti |
asyārthaḥ svāmi-caraṇair vyākhyāto yathā - mayā veda-rūpeṇādiṣṭān api svadharmān santyajya yo māṃ bhajet sa ca sattama iti | kim ajñānato nāstikyād vā ? na dharmācaraṇe sattva-śuddhyādīn guṇān vipakṣe doṣān pratyavāyāṃś cājñāya jñātvāpi mad-dhyāna-vikṣepatayā mad-bhaktyaiva sarvaṃ bhaviṣyatīti dṛḍha-niścayenaiva dharmān santyajya ity
atra dharmān dharma-phalāni santyajyeti tu vyākhyā na ghaṭate | na hi dharma-phala-tyāge kaścid atra pratyavāyo bhaved ity avadheyam | ayaṃ bhāvo bhagavad-vākyānāṃ tad-vyākhyātṝṇāṃ ca - jñānaṃ hi citta-śuddhim avaśyam evāpekṣate, niṣkāma-karmabhiś citta-śuddhi-tāratamye vṛtte eva jñānodaya-tāratamyaṃ bhaven nānyathā | ataeva samyag jñānodaya-siddhy-arthaṃ sannyāsibhir api niṣkāma-karma na kartavyam eva | yad uktam -
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ
karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasaiva
śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate || (Gītā 6.2) iti |
yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād
ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ |
ātmany eva ca santuṣṭas
tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate || (Gītā 3.17) iti |
bhaktis tu paramā svatantrā mahā-prabalā citta-śuddhiṃ naivāpekṣate, yad uktam -
vikrīḍitaṃ vraja-vadhūbhir idaṃ ca viṣṇoḥ
śraddhānvito yaḥ śṛṇuyād ity ādau
bhaktiṃ parāṃ bhagavati parilabhya kāmaṃ
hṛd-rogam āśv apahinoty acireṇa dhīraḥ || (BhP 10.33.42) iti |
atra tv ātma-pratyayeṇa hṛd-rogavattve vādhikāriṇi paramāyā bhakter api prathamam eva praveśas tatas tatraiva kāmādīnām apagamaś ca | tathā -
praviṣṭaḥ karṇa-randhreṇa
svānāṃ bhāva-saroruham |
dhunoti śamalaṃ kṛṣṇaḥ
salilasya yathā śarat || (BhP 2.8.5)
iti ca ity ato bhaktyaiva yadi tādṛśī citta-śuddhiḥ syāt, tadā bhaktaiḥ kathaṃ karma kartavyam iti |
atha prakṛam anusarāmaḥ - kiṃ ca na kevalaṃ dehādi-vyātiriktasyātmanaḥ jñānam eva jñānam, tathātma-tattvam api jñeyam, tādṛśa-jñānāśraya eva jñānī, kintv etat trike karma-sambandho vartate | tad api sannyāsibhir jñeyam ity āha jñānam iti | atra codanā śabdena vidhir ucyate, yad uktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ - codanā copadeśaś ca vidhiś caikārtha-vācina iti | uktaṃ ślokārdhaṃ svayam eva vyācaṣṭe karaṇam iti yaj jñānaṃ tat karaṇa-kārakam | jñāyate 'neneti jñānam iti vyutpatteḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ jīvātma-tattvaṃ, tad eva karma-kārakam | yas tasya parijñātā sa kartā iti trividhaḥ karaṇaṃ karma kartā iti trividhaṃ kārakam ity arthaḥ |
karma-saṅgrahaḥ karmaṇā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānenaiva saṅgṛhyata iti karma-codanā pada-vyākhyā | jñānatvaṃ jñeyatvaṃ jñātṛtvaṃ caitat trayaṃ niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāna-mūlakam iti bhāvaḥ ||18-19||
Baladeva : jñāna-kāṇḍavat karma-kāṇḍe 'pi jñānādi-trayam asti | tac ca saniṣṭhena karmaṭhena bodhyam iti upadiśati jñānam iti | jñānaṃ jñeyam parijñātety evaṃ trika-yuktā karma-codanā jyotiṣṭomādi-karma-vidhiḥ codanā copadeśaś ca vidhiś caikārtha-vācina ity abhiyuktokteḥ | tat trikaṃ svayam eva vyākhyāti karaṇam iti | yaj jñānaṃ tat karaṇaṃ jñāyate 'nena iti nirukteḥ karaṇa-kārakam ity arthaḥ | yaj-jñeyaṃ kartavyaṃ jyotiṣṭomādi tat karma-kārakam | yas tu tasya parito 'nuṣṭhānena jñātā, sa karteti kartṛ-kārakam | evaṃ karma-saṅgraho jyotiṣṭomādi karma-vidhis trividhaḥ karaṇādi-kāraka-traya-sādhyaś codanā-saṅgraha-śabdayor aikyārthaḥ || 18 ||
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BhG 18.19
jñānaṃ karma ca kartā ca tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ |
procyate guṇasaṃkhyāne yathāvac chṛṇu tāny api ||19||
Śrīdharaḥ - tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha jñānam iti | guṇāḥ samyak kārya-bhedena khyāyate pratipādyante 'sminn iti guṇa-saṅkhyānaṃ sāṅkhya-śāstram | tasmin jñānaṃ ca karma ca kartā ca pratyekaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena tridhaivocyate | tāny api jñānādīni vakṣyamāṇāni yathāvat śṛṇu | tridhaivety eva-kāro guṇa-trayopādhi-vyatirekeṇātmanaḥ svataḥ karmāṇi pratiṣedhārthaḥ | caturdeśe 'dhyāye tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvād ity ādinā guṇānāṃ bandhakatva-prakāro nirūpitaḥ | saptadaśe 'dhyāye yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādinā guṇa-kṛta-trividha-svabhāva-nirūpaṇena rajas-tamaḥ-svabhāvaṃ parityajya sāttvikāhārādi-sevayā sāttvikaḥ svabhāvaḥ sampādanīya ity uktam | iha tu kriyā-kāraka-phalādīnām ātma-sambandho nāstīti darśayituṃ sarveṣāṃ triguṇātmakatvam ucyate iti viśeṣo
jñātavyaḥ ||19||
Baladevaḥ - jñānam iti guṇa-saṅkhyāne guṇa-nirūpake śāstre caturdaśe tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvād ity ādinā guṇānāṃ bandhakatā-prakāraḥ | saptadaśe yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādinā guṇa-kṛta-svabhāva-bhedaś coktaḥ | iha tu guṇa-saṃjñānāṃ jñānādīnāṃ traividhyam ucyata iti bodhyam ||19||
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BhG 18.20
sarvabhūteṣu yenaikaṃ bhāvam avyayam īkṣate |
avibhaktaṃ vibhakteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi sāttvikam ||20||
Śrīdharaḥ - tatra jñānasya sāttvikādi-traividhyam āha sarva-bhūteṣv iti tribhiḥ | sarveṣu bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarās teṣu vibhakteṣu parasparaṃ vyavṛtteṣv avibhaktam anusyutam ekam avyayaṃ nirvikāraṃ bhāvaṃ paramātma-tattvaṃ yena jñānenekṣata ālocayati taj jñānaṃ sāttvikaṃ viddhi || 20||
Viśvanāthaḥ - sāttvikaṃ jñānam āha -- sarva-bhūteṣv iti | ekaṃ bhāvam ekam eva jīvātmānaṃ nānā-vidha-phala-bhogārthaṃ krameṇa sarva-bhūteṣu manuṣya-deva-tiryag-ādiṣu vartamānam avyayaṃ naśvareṣv api teṣv anaśvaraṃ vibhakteṣu parasparaṃ vibhinneṣv apy avibhaktam eka-rūpaṃ yena karma-sambandhinā jñānenekṣate tat sāttvikaṃ jñānam ||20||
Baladevaḥ - sāttvika-jñānam āha -- sarveti | sarva-bhūteṣu deva-manuṣyādiṣu deheṣu nānā-karma-phala-bhogāt krameṇa vartamāna-bhāvaṃ jīvātmānaṃ yenaikaṃ vīkṣyate | avyayaṃ naśvareṣu teṣv anaśvaraṃ vibhakteṣu mitho-bhinneṣu teṣv avibhaktam eka-rūpaṃ ca yena taṃ vīkṣyate taj jñānaṃ sāttvikam aupaniṣad-aviviktātma-jñānaṃ tad ity arthaḥ ||20||
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BhG 18.21
pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānaṃ nānābhāvān pṛthagvidhān |
vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi rājasam ||21||
Śrīdhara : rājasa-jñānam āha pṛthaktveneti | pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānam ity asyaiva vivaraṇam | sarveṣu bhūteṣu nānā-bhāvān vastuta evānekān kṣetrajñān pṛthag-vidhān sukhitva-duḥkhitvādi-rūpeṇa vilakṣaṇān yena jñānena vetti taj jñānaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi ||21||
Viśvanātha : rājasaṃ jñānam āha sarva-bhūteṣu jīvātmanaḥ pṛthaktvena yaj jñānam iti | deha-nāśa evātmano nāśa ity asurāṇāṃ matam | ataeva pṛthak pṛthag deheṣu pṛthak pṛthag evātmeti tathā śāstra-karaṇāt pṛthag-vidhān nānābhāvān nānābhiprāyān | ātmā sukha-duḥkhāśraya iti | sukha-duḥkhādyanāśraya itii jaḍa iti cetana iti vyāpaka iti | aūu-svarūpa iti | aneka iti ityādi kalpān yena eka ityādi veda tad rājasam ||21||
Baladeva : rājasa-jñānam āha pṛthaktveneti | sarveṣu bhūteṣu deva-manuṣyādi-deheṣu jīvātmanaḥ pṛthaktvena yaj jñānaṃ deha-vināśa evātma-vināśa iti yaj jñānam ity arthaḥ | yena ca nānā-vidhān bhāvān abhiprāyān vetti | deha evātmeti dehād anyo deha-parimāṇa ātmeti | kṣaṇika-vijñānam ātmeti nityāvajñāna-mātra-vibhur ātmeti | dehād anyo nava-viśeṣa-guṇāśrayo 'jaḍo vibhur ātmety evaṃ lokāyatika-jaina-bauddha-māyi-tārkikādi-vādān yena jānāti tad rājasaṃ jñānam ||21||
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BhG 18.22
yat tu kṛtsnavad ekasmin kārye saktam ahetukam |
atattvārthavad alpaṃ ca tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||
Śrīdhara : tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yad iti | ekasmin kārye dehe pratimādau yā kṛtsnavat paripūrṇavat sattama etāvān eva ātmeśvaro yā ity abhiniveśa-yuktam ahaitukaṃ nirupapattikaṃ | atattvārthavat paramārthāvalambana-śūnyam | ataevālpaṃ tuccham | alpa-viṣayatvāt | alpa-phalatvāc ca | yad evambhūtaṃ jñānaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||
Viśvanātha : tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yat tu jñānam ahaitukam autpattikam eva ataeva ekasmin kārye laukika eva snāna-bhojana-pāna-strī-sambhoge tat-sādhane ca karmaṇi saktam | na tu vaidike karmaṇi yajña-dānādau | ataevātattvārthavat tatra tattva-rūpo 'rthaḥ ko 'pi nāstīty arthaḥ | alpaṃ paśūnām iva yat kṣudraṃ tat tāmasaṃ jñānam | dehādy-atiriktatvena tat-padārtha-jñānaṃ sāttvikam | nānāvāda-pratipādakaṃ nyāyādi-śāstra-jñānaṃ rājasam | snāna-bhojanādi-vyavahārika-jñānaṃ tāmasam iti saṅkṣepaḥ ||22||
Baladeva : tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yat tv iti | yat tu jñānam ahaitukaṃ svābhāvikaṃ na tu śāstrād dhetor jñānam | ataevaikasmin laukike snānaa-bhojana-yoṣita-prasaṅgādau kārye | na tu vaidike yāga-dānādau saktaṃ kṛtsnavat pūrṇaṃ nāto 'dhikam astīty arthaḥ | ataevātattvārthavad yatra tattva-rūpo 'rtho nāsti | alpaṃ paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇyāt tucchaṃ tal laukika-snāna-bhojanādi-jñānaṃ tāmasam ||22||
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BhG 18.23
niyataṃ saṅgarahitam arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam |
aphalaprepsunā karma yat tat sāttvikam ucyate ||23||
Śrīdhara: idānīṃ trividhaṃ karmāha - niyatam iti tribhiḥ | niyataṃ nityatayā vihitam | saṅga-rahitam abhiniveśa-śūnyam | arāga-dveṣataḥ putrādi-prītyā vāśatru-dveṣeṇa vā yat kṛtaṃ na bhavati | phalaṃ prāptum icchatīti phala-prepsuḥ | tad-vilakṣaṇena niṣkāmeṇa kartrā yat kṛtaṃ karma tat sāttvikam ucyate ||23||
Viśvanātha: trividhaṃ jñānam uktvā trividhaṃ karmāha - niyataṃ nityatayā vihitaṃ saṅga-rahitam abhiniveśa-śūnyam ataevārāga-dveṣato rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ vinaiva kṛtam aphalepsunā phalākāṅkṣā-rahitenaiva kartrā kṛtaṃ karma yat sāttvikam ||23||
Baladevaḥ: atha karma-traividhyam āha - niyatam iti tribhiḥ | niyataṃ sva-varṇāśrama-vihitam | saṅga-rahitam kartṛtvābhiniveśa-varjitam | arāga-dveṣataḥ kṛtaṃ kīrtau rāgād akīrtau dveṣāc ca yan na kṛtaṃ, kintv īśvarārcanatayivāphala-prepsunā phalecchā-śūnyena yat karma kṛtaṃ tat sāttvikam ||23||
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BhG 18.24
yat tu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṃkāreṇa vā punaḥ |
kriyate bahulāyāsaṃ tad rājasam udāhṛtam ||24||
Śrīdhara: rājasaṃ karmāha yad iti | yat tu karma kāmepsunā phalaṃ prāptum icchatā sāhaṅkāreṇa mat-samaḥ[*ENDNOTE] ko 'nyaḥ śrotriyo 'stīty evaṃ nirūḍhāhaṅkāra-yuktena ca kriyate | yac ca punar bahulāyāsam atikleśa-yuktaṃ tat karma rājasam udāhṛtam ||24||
Viśvanātha: kāmepsunālpāhaṅkāravatety arthaḥ | sāhaṅkāreṇātyahaṅkāravatety arthaḥ ||24||
Baladevaḥ: yat kāmepsunā phalākāṅkṣiṇā sāhaṅkāreṇa kartṛtvābhiniveśinā janena bahulāyāsam atikleśa-yuktaṃ karma kriyate tad rājasam ||24||
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BhG 18.25
anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsām anapekṣya ca pauruṣam |
mohād ārabhyate karma yat tat tāmasam ucyate ||25||
Śrīdhara: tāmasaṃ karmāha anubandham iti | anubadhyata iti anubandhaḥ paścād-bhāvi śubhāśubham | kṣayaṃ vitta-vyayam | hiṃsāṃ para-pīḍām | pauruṣaṃ ca sva-sāmarthyam anapekṣyāparyālocya kevalaṃ mohād eva yat karmārabhyate tat tāmasam ucyate ||25||
Viśvanātha: anu karmānuṣṭhānānantaram āyatyāṃ bhāvinaṃ bandhaṃ rāja-dasyu-yama-dūtādibhir bandhanaṃ | kṣayaṃ dharma-jñānādy-apacayam | hiṃsāṃ svasya nāśaṃ ca anapekṣyāparyālocya pauruṣaṃ vyavahārika-puruṣa-mātra-kartavyaṃ karma mohād ajñānād eva yad ārabhyate tat tāmasam ||25||
Baladevaḥ: anu karmānuṣṭhānānantaram bandhaṃ rāja-dūta-yama-dūta-kṛtam | kṣayaṃ dharmādi-vināśam | hiṃsāṃ prāṇi-pīḍām | pauruṣaṃ sabalaṃ cānavekṣya yat karma mohād ārabhyate tat tāmasam ||25||
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BhG 18.26
muktasaṅgonahaṃvādī dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ |
siddhyasiddhyor nirvikāraḥ kartā sāttvika ucyate ||26||
Śrīdhara: kartāraṃ trividham āha mukta-saṅga iti tribhiḥ | mukta-saṅgas tyaktābhiniveśaḥ | anahaṃvādī garvokti-rahitaḥ | dhṛtir dhairyam | utsāha udyamaḥ | tābhyāṃ samanvitaḥ saṃyuktaḥ | ārabdhasya karmaṇaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca nirvikāro harṣa-viṣāda-śūnyaḥ | evambhūtaḥ kartā sāttvika ucyate ||26||
Viśvanātha: trividhaṃ karmoktam | trividhaṃ kartāram āha mukta-saṅga iti ||26||
Baladevaḥ: atha kartṛ-traividhyam āha mukteti tribhiḥ | mukta-saṅgaḥ kartṛtvābhiniveśa-phalecchā-śūnyaḥ | anahaṃvādī garvokti- śūnyaḥ | dhṛtir ārabdha-karma-pūrti-paryantāvarjanīya-duḥkha-sahiṣṇutā | utsāhas tad-anuṣṭhānodyata-cittatā tābhyāṃ samanvitaḥ | ānuṣaṅgika-phalasya siddhāv asiddhau ca nirvikāro sukhena duḥkhena ca rahitaḥ | īdṛśaḥ kartā sāttvikaḥ ||26||
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BhG 18.27
rāgī karmaphalaprepsur lubdho hiṃsātmakośuciḥ |
harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||27||
Śrīdhara: rājasaṃ kartāram āha rāgīti | rāgī putrādiṣu prītimān | karma-phala-prepsuḥ karma-phala-kāmī | lubdhaḥ parasvābhilāṣī | hiṃsātmako māraka-svabhāvaḥ | lābhālābhayor harṣa-śokābhyām anvitaḥ saṃyuktaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||27||
Viśvanātha: rāgī karmaṇy āsaktaḥ | lubdho viṣayāsaktaḥ ||27||
Baladevaḥ: rāgī strī-putrādiṣv āsaktaḥ | karma-phala-prepsuḥ paśu-putrānna-svargādiṣv atispṛhayāluḥ | lubdhaḥ karmāpekṣita-dravya-vyayākṣamaḥ | hiṃsātmakaḥ parān prapīḍya karma kurvāṇaḥ | aśuciḥ karmāpekṣita-vihita-śuddhi-śūnyaḥ karma-phala-siddhi-tad-asiddhyor harṣa-śokābhyām anvitaḥ | īdṛśaḥ kartā rājasaḥ ||27||
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BhG 18.28
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naiṣkṛtikolasaḥ |
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate ||28||
Śrīdhara: tāmasaṃ kartāram āha ayukta iti | ayukto 'navahitaḥ | prākṛto viveka-śūnyaḥ | stabdho 'namraḥ | śaṭhaḥ śakti-gūhana-kārī | naikṛtikaḥ para-vṛtti-chedana-paraḥ | alaso 'pravṛtti-śīlaḥ [viṣādī] kartavyeṣv api sarvadā 'vasanna-svabhāvaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartavyānāṃ dīrgha-prasāraṇaḥ sarvadā manda-svabhāvaḥ | yad adya śvo vā kartavyaṃ tan māsenāpi na karoti | yaś caivambhūtaḥ sa kartā tāmasa ucyate ||28||
kartṛ-traividhyenaiva jñātur api traividhyam uktaṃ bhavati | karma-traividhyena ca jñeyasyāpi traividhyam uktaṃ jñātavyam | buddhes traividhyena karaṇasyāpi traividhyam uktaṃ bhaviṣyati ||28||
Viśvanāthaḥ - ayukto 'naucitya-kārī prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau sva-svabhāva eva vartamānaḥ, yad eva sva-manasi āyāti tad evānutiṣṭhati, na tu guror api vacaḥ pramāṇayatīty arthaḥ | naikṛtikaḥ parāpamāna-kartā |
tad evaṃ jñānibhir ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ sāttvika eva tyāgaḥ kartavyaḥ sāttvikam eva karma-niṣṭhaṃ jñānam āśrayaṇīyaṃ sāttvikam eva karma kartavyaṃ sāttvikenaiva kartrā bhavitavyaṃ | eṣa eva sannyāso jñāninām iti me jñānaṃ prakaraṇārtha-niṣkarṣaḥ | bhaktānāṃ tu triguṇātītam eva jñānaṃ triguṇātītaṃ me karma bhakti-yogākhyaṃ triguṇātītā eva kartāraḥ | yad uktaṃ bhagavataiva śrīmad-bhāgavate -
kaivalyaṃ sāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ
rajo vaikalpikaṃ tu yat |
prākṛtaṃ tāmasaṃ jñānaṃ
man-niṣṭhaṃ nirguṇaṃ smṛtam || (BhP 11.25.24) iti |
lakṣaṇaṃ bhakti-yogasya
nirguṇasya hy udāhṛtam || (BhP 3.29.11) iti |
sāttvikaḥ kārako 'saṅgī
rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ |
tāmasaḥ smṛti-vibhraṣṭo
nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ || (BhP 11.25.26) iti |
kiṃ ca na kevalam etat trikam eva bhakti-mate guṇātītam api tu bhakti-sambandhi sarvam eva guṇātītam | yad uktaṃ tatraiva -
sāttvikyādhyātmikī śraddhā
karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |
tāmasy adharme yā śraddhā
mat-sevāyāṃ tu nirguṇā || (BhP 11.25.27) iti |
vanaṃ tu sāttviko vāso
grāmo rājasa ucyate |
tāmasaṃ dyuta-sadanaṃ
man-niketaṃ tu nirguṇam || (BhP 11.25.25) iti |
sāttvikaṃ sukham ātmotthaṃ
viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam |
tāmasaṃ moha-dainyotthaṃ
nirguṇaṃ mad-apāśrayam || (BhP 11.25.29) iti |
tad evaṃ guṇātītānāṃ bhaktānāṃ bhakti-sambandhīni jñāna-karma-śraddhādau sva-sukhādīni sarvāṇy eva guṇātītāni | sāttvikānāṃ jñānināṃ jñāna-sambandhīni tāni sarvāṇi sāttvikāny eva | rājasānāṃ karmiṇāṃ tāni sarvāṇi rājasāny eva | tāmasānām ucchṛṅkhalānāṃ tāni sarvāṇi tāmasāny eveti śrī-gītā-bhāgavatārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam | jñāninām api punar antima-daśāyāṃ jñāna-sannyāsānantaram urvaritayā kevalayā bhaktyaiva guṇātītatvaṃ caturdaśādhyāya uktam ||28||
Baladevaḥ : ayukto 'naucitya-kṛt | prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau svabhāve vartamānaḥ sva-prakṛty-anusāreṇaiva, na tu śāstrānusāreṇa karma-kṛd ity arthaḥ | stabdho 'namraḥ śaṭhaḥ sva-śakti-gopana-kṛt | naikṛtikaḥ parāpamāna-kṛt | alasaḥ prārabdhe karmaṇi śithilaḥ | viṣādī śokākulaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī divasaika-kartavyaṃ varṣeṇāpi yo na karoti | īdṛśaḥ kartā tāmasa ||28||
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BhG 18.29
buddher bhedaṃ dhṛteś caiva guṇatas trividhaṃ śṛṇu |
procyamānam aśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena dhanaṃjaya ||29||
Śrīdhara: idānīṃ buddher dhṛteś ca traividhyaṃ pratijānīte buddher bhedam iti | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||29||
Viśvanātha: jñānibhiḥ sarvam api vastu sāttvikam evopādeyam iti jñāpayituṃ buddhy-ādīnām api traividhyam āha buddher iti ||29||
Baladeva: evaṃ jñāna-jñeya-parijñātṝṇāṃ traividhyam uktvā buddhi-dhṛtyos tad vaktuṃ pratijānīte buddher iti | sphuṭārtham ||29||
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BhG 18.30
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca kāryākārye bhayābhaye |
bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca yā vetti buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ||30||
Śrīdhara: atra buddhes traividhyam āha pravṛttiṃ ceti tribhiḥ | pravṛttiṃ dharme | nivṛttim adharme | yasmin deśe kāle ca yat kāryam akāryaṃ ca | bhayābhaye kāryākārya-nimittau arthānarthau | kathaṃ bandhaḥ kathaṃ vā mokṣe iti yā buddhir antaṃkaraṇaṃ vetti sā sāttvikī | yayā pumān vettīti vaktavye karaṇe kartṛtvopacāraḥ kāṣṭhāni pacantītivat ||30||
Viśvanātha: bhayābhaye saṃsārāsaṃsāra-hetuke ||30||
Baladeva: tatra buddhes traividhyam āha pravṛttiṃ ceti tribhiḥ | yā buddhir dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttiṃ ca vetti, yayā vettīti vaktavya yā vettīti karaṇe kartṛtvam upacaritam | kuṭhāraś chinattītivat | niṣkāmaṃ karma kāryaṃ sa-kāmaṃ tv akāryam iti kāryākārye yā vetti aśāstrīya-pravṛttito bhayaṃ śāstrīya-pravṛttitas tv abhayam iti bhayābhaye yā vetti, bandhaṃ saṃsāra-yāthātmyaṃ mokṣaṃ tac-cheda-yāthāmyaṃ ca yā vetti sā buddhiḥ sāttvikī ||30||
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BhG 18.31
yayā dharmam adharmaṃ ca kāryaṃ cākāryam eva ca |
ayathāvat prajānāti buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||31||
Śrīdhara: rājasīṃ buddhim āha yayeti | ayathāvat sandehāspadatvenety arthaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||31||
Viśvanātha: ayathāvat asmayaktayety arthaḥ ||31||
Baladeva: rājasīṃ buddhim āha yayeti | ayathāvad asamyatvena ||31||
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BhG 18.32
adharmaṃ dharmam iti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā |
sarvārthān viparītāñś ca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ||32||
Śrīdhara: tāmasīṃ buddhim āha adharmam iti | viparīta-grāhiṇī buddhis tāmasīty arthaḥ | buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ pūrvoktam | jñānaṃ tu tad-vṛttiḥ | dhṛtir api tad-vṛttir eva | yad vā antaḥkaraṇasya dharmiṇo buddhir apy adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā vṛttir eva | icchā-dveṣādīnāṃ tad-vṛttīnāṃ bahutve 'pi dharmādharma-bhayābhaya-sādhanatvena prādhānyād etāsāṃ traividhyam uktam | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitad anyāsām ||32||
Viśvanātha: yā manyata iti | kuṭhāraś chinattītivat yayā manyata ity arthaḥ ||32||
Baladevaḥ : tāmasīṃ buddhim āha adharmam iti | viparīta-grāhiṇī buddhis tāmasīty arthaḥ | sarvārthān viparītāni sādhum asādhum asādhuṃ ca sādhuṃ, paraṃ tattvam aparam aparaṃ ca tattvaṃ param ity evaṃ sarvān arthān viparītān manyata ity arthaḥ ||32||
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BhG 18.33
dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ |
yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ||33||
Śrīdhara: idānīṃ dhṛtes traividhyam āha dhṛtyeti tribhiḥ | yogena cittaigāgreṇa hetunā 'vyabhicāriṇyā viṣayāntaram adhārayantyā yayā dhṛtyā manasaḥ prāṇānām indriyāṇāṃ ca kriyā dhārayate niyacchati sā dhṛtiḥ sāttvikī ||33||
Viśvanātha: dhṛtes traividhyam āha dhṛtyeti ||33||
Baladevaḥ : dhṛtes traividhyam āha dhṛtyeti tribhiḥ | yayā manaḥ-prāṇendriyāṇāṃ yogopāya-bhūtāḥ kriyāḥ puruṣo dhārayate, sā dhṛtiḥ sāttvikī | kīdṛśety āha yogeneti | yogaḥ parātma-cintanaṃ tenāvyabhicāriṇyā tad anyaṃ viṣayam agṛhṇantyety arthaḥ ||33||
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BhG 18.34
yayā tu dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā dhārayaterjuna |
prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||34||
Śrīdhara: rājasīṃ dhṛtim āha yayā tv iti | yayā tu dhṛtyā dharmārtha-kāmān prādhānyena dhārayate na vimuñcati | tat-saṅgena phalākāṅkṣī ca bhavati sā rājasī dhṛtiḥ |
Viśvanātha - no comment
Baladevaḥ : sa-kāma-vidvat-prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī puruṣaḥ | yayā dharmādīn tat-sādhana-bhūtā manaḥ-prāṇendriya-kriyā dhārayatee, sā dhṛtiḥ rājasī |
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BhG 18.35
yayā svapnaṃ bhayaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ madam eva ca |
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ||35||
Śrīdhara : tāmasīṃ dhṛtim āha yayeti duṣṭāviveka-bahulā medhā yasya sa durmedhāḥ puruṣo yayā dhṛtyā svapnādīn na vimuñcati punaḥ punar āvartayati | svapno 'tra nidrā sā dhṛtis tāmasī ||35||
Viśvanātha - no comment
Baladevaḥ : yayā svapnādīn na vimuñcati durmedhās tān dhārayaty eva, sā dhṛtis tāmasī | svapno nidrā, mado viṣaya-bhoga-jo garvaḥ | svapnādi-śabdais tad-dhetu-bhūtā manaḥ-prāṇendriya-kriyā yayā dhārayate sā tāmasī dhṛtir ity arthaḥ ||35||
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BhG 18.36-37
sukhaṃ tv idānīṃ trividhaṃ śṛṇu me bharatarṣabha |
abhyāsād ramate yatra duḥkhāntaṃ ca nigacchhati ||36||
yat tadagre viṣam iva pariṇāmemṛtopamam |
tat sukhaṃ sāttvikaṃ proktam ātmabuddhiprasādajam ||37||
Śrīdhara: idānīṃ sukhasya traividhyaṃ pratijānīte 'rdhena sukham iti | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||36|| tatra sāttvikaṃ sukham āha abhyāsād iti sārdhena | yatra yasmiṃś ca sukhe 'bhyāsād atiparicayād ramate | na tu viṣaya-sukha iva sahasā ratiṃ prāpnoti | yasmin ramamāṇaś ca duḥkhasyāntam avasānaṃ nitarāṃ gacchati prāpnoti | kīdṛśaṃ tat ? yat tat kim apy agre prathamaṃ viṣam iva manaḥ-saṃyamādhīnatvād duḥkhāvaham iva bhavati | pariṇāme tv amṛta-sadṛśam | ātma-viṣayā buddhir ātma-buddhiḥ | tasyāḥ prasādo rajas-tamo-mala-tyāgena svacchatayāvasthānam | tato jātaṃ yat sukhaṃ tat sāttvikaṃ proktaṃ yogibhiḥ ||37||
Viśvanātha - sāttvikaṃ sukham āha sārdhena abhyāsāt punar anuśīlanād eva ramate, na tu viṣayeṣv ivotpattyaiva ramata ity arthaḥ | duḥkhāntaṃ nigacchati yasmin ramamāṇaḥ saṃsāra-duḥkhaṃ taratīty arthaḥ ||36|| viṣam iveti indriya-mano-nirodho hi prathamaṃ duḥkhada eva bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||37||
Baladevaḥ : atha sukha-traividhyaṃ pratījānīte sukhaṃ tv ity ardhakena | tatra sāttvikaṃ sukham āha abhyāsād iti sārdhakena | abhyāsāt punaḥ punaḥ pariśīlanād yatra ramate, na tu viṣayeṣv ivotpattyā | yasmin ramamāṇo duḥkhāntaṃ nigacchati saṃsāraṃ tarati ||36|| yac cāgre prathamaṃ viṣam iva manaḥ-saṃyama-kleśa-sattvād viviktātma-prakāśāc cātiduḥkhāvaham iva bhavati | pariṇāme samādhi-paripāke saty amṛtopamaṃ vivikātma-prakāśāt pīyūṣa-pravāha-nipātavad bhavati | yac cātma-sambandhinyā buddheḥ prasādāj jāyate tat sāttvikaṃ sukham | tat-prasādaś ca viṣaya-sambaandha-mālinya-vinivṛttiḥ ||37||
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BhG 18.38
viṣayendriyasañyogād yat tad agremṛtopamam |
pariṇāme viṣam iva tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||38||
Śrīdhara : rājasaṃ sukham āha viṣayeti viṣayāṇām indriyāṇāṃ ca saṃyogād yat tat prasiddhaṃ strī-saṃsargādi-sukham amṛtam upamā yasya tādṛśaṃ bhavaty agre prathamam | pariṇāme tu viṣa-tulyam ihāmutra ca duḥkha-hetutvāt | tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||38||
Viśvanātha : yad amṛtopamaṃ para-strī-sambhogādikam ||38||
Baladeva : viṣayair yuvati-rūpa-sparśādibhiḥ sahendriyāṇāṃ cakṣus tv agādīnāṃ saṃyogāt sambandhāt yad agre pūrvam amṛtopamam atisvādu-pariṇāme 'vasāne tu niraya-hetutvād viṣopamam atiduḥkhāvahaṃ bhavati tad rājasaṃ sukham ||38||
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BhG 18.39
yad agre cānubandhe ca sukhaṃ mohanam ātmanaḥ |
nidrālasyapramādotthaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||39||
Śrīdhara : tāmasaṃ sukham āha yad iti | agre ca prathama-kṣaṇe 'nubandhe ca paścād api yat sukham ātmano moha-karam | tad evāha nidrā ālasyaṃ ca pramādaś ca kartavyārthāvadhāraṇa-rāhityena mano-grāhyam etebhya uttiṣṭhati yat sukhaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||39||
Viśvanātha : no comment
Baladeva : yad-agre 'nubhava-kāle anubandhe paścād vipāka-kāle cātmano mohanaṃ vastu-yāthātmyāvarakaṃ, yac ca nidrādibhya uttiṣṭhati jāyate tat tāmasaṃ sukham | ālasyam inidriya-vyāpāram āndyam | pramādaḥ kāryākāryāvadhānābhāvaḥ ||39||
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BhG 18.40
na tad asti pṛthivyāṃ vā divi deveṣu vā punaḥ |
sattvaṃ prakṛtijair muktaṃ yad ebhiḥ syāt tribhir guṇaiḥ ||40||
Śrīdhara : anuktam api saṅgṛhṇan prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharati na tad iti | ebhiḥ prakṛti-sambhavaiḥ sattvādibhis tribhir guṇair muktaṃ prāṇi-jātam | anyad vā yat syāt tat | pṛthivyāṃ manuṣya-lokādiṣudivi deveṣu ca kvāpi nāstīty arthaḥ ||40||
Viśvanātha : anuktam api saṅgṛhṇan prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharati neti tat sattvaṃ prāṇi-jātam anyac ca vastu-mātraṃ kvāpi nāsti yad ebhiḥ prakṛtijais tribhir guṇair muktaṃ rahitaṃ syād ataḥ sarvam eva vastu-jātaṃ triguṇātmakaṃ | tatra sāttvikam evopādeyaṃ rājasa-tāmase tu nopādeya iti prakaraṇa-tātparyam ||40||
Baladevaḥ : prakaraṇārtham upasaṃhann anuktam api saṅgṛhṇāti na tad iti | pṛthivyāṃ manuṣyādiṣu divi svargādau deveṣu ca prakṛtiṃ saṃsṛṣṭeṣu brahmādi-stambānteṣv ity arthaḥ | tat sattvaṃ prāṇi-jātam anyac ca vastu nāsti | yad ebhiḥ prakṛtijais tribhir guṇair muktaṃ virahitaṃ syāt | tathā ca triguṇātmakeṣu vastuṣu sāttvikasyaivopayogitvāt tad eva grāhyam anyat tu tyājyam iti prakaraṇārthaḥ ||40||
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BhG 18.41
brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca paraṃtapa |
karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāvaprabhavair guṇaiḥ ||41||
Śrīdhara : nanu ca yady evaṃ sarvam api kriyā-kāraka-phalādikaṃ prāṇi-jātaṃ ca triguṇātmakam eva tarhi katham asya mokṣa ity apekṣāyāṃ sva-svādhikāra-vihitaiḥ karmabhiḥ parameśvarārādhanāt tat-prasāda-labdha-jñānenety evaṃ sarva-gītārtha-sāraṃ saṅgṛhya pradarśayituṃ prakaraṇāntaram ārabhate | brāhmaṇety ādi yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | he parantapa he śatru-tāpana | brāhmaṇānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ viśāṃ ca śūdrāṇāṃ ca karmāṇi pravibhaktāni prakarṣeṇa vibhāgato vihitāni | śūdrāṇāṃ samāsāt pṛthak-karaṇaṃ dvijatvābhāvena vailakṣaṇyāt | vibhāgopalakṣaṇam āha svabhāvaḥ sāttvikādiḥ prabhavati prādurbhavati yebhyas tair guṇair upakakṣaṇa-bhūtaiḥ | yad vā svabhāvaḥ pūrva-janma-saṃskāraḥ | tasmāt prādurbhūtair ity arthaḥ | sattvopasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānāḥ
kṣatriyāḥ | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyāḥ | raja-upasarjana-tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrāḥ ||41||
Viśvanātha : kiṃ ca triguṇātmakam api prāṇi-jātaṃ svādhikāra-prāptena vihita-karmaṇā parameśvaram ārādhya kṛtārthībhivatītyāha brāhmaṇeti ṣaḍbhiḥ | sva-bhāvenotpattyaiva prabhavanti prādurbhavanti ye guṇāḥ sattvādayas taiḥ prakarṣeṇa vibhaktāni pṛthak-kṛtāni karmāṇi brāhmaṇādīnāṃ vihitāni santīty arthaḥ ||41||
Baladeva : yadyapi sarvāṇi vastūni triguṇātmakāni tathāpi brāhmaṇādayaś cet sva-vihitāni karmāṇi bhagavad-ārādhana-bhāvenānutiṣṭheyus tadā tāni jñāna-niṣṭhām utpādya mocakāni bhavantiīti vaktuṃ prakaraṇam ārabhate brāhmaṇeti ṣaṭkena | śūdrāṇaṃ samāsāt pṛthak-karaṇaṃ dvijatvābhāvāt | brāhmaṇādīnāṃ caturṇāṃ karmāṇi svabhāv-prabhavair guṇaiḥ saha śāstreṇa pravibhaktāni, svabhāvaḥ prāktana-saṃskāras tasmāt prabhavanti ye guṇāḥ sattvādyās taiḥ saha śāstreṇa teṣāṃ karmāṇi vibhajyoktāni | evaṃ guṇaka-brāhmaṇādayas teṣām etāni karmāṇīti tatra sattva-pradhāno brāhmaṇaḥ praśāntatvāt sattvopasarjan-rajaḥ-pradhānaḥ kṣatriya īśvara-svabhāvatvāt, tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhāno viṭ ihāpradhānatvāt rajaupasarjanatamaḥpradhānaḥ
śūdro mūḍha-svabhāvatvāt | karmāṇi tv agre vācyāni ||41||
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BhG 18.42
śamo damas tapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntir ārjavam eva ca |
jñānaṃ vijñānam āstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam ||42||
Śrīdhara : tatra brāhmaṇasya svābhāvikāni karmāṇy āha śama iti | śamaś cittoparamaḥ | damo bāhyendriyoparamaḥ | tapaḥ pūrvoktaṃ śārītādi | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantaram | kṣāntiḥ kṣamā | ārjavam ṛjutaiva ca | jñānaṃ vijñānaṃ | āstikyam āstika-bhāvaḥ śraddadhāntāgamārtheṣu | brāhmyaṃ karma brāhmaṇa-jāte karma svabhāvajam | yad uktaṃ svabhāva-prabhavair guṇaiḥ pravibhaktānīti tad evoktaṃ svabhāvajam iti ||42||
Viśvanātha : tatra sattva-pradhānānāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ svabhāvikāni karmāṇy āha śama iti | śamo 'ntarindirya-nigrahaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-nigrahas tapaḥ śarīrādi jñāna-vijñāne śāstrānubhavotthe āstikyaṃ śāstrārthe dṛḍha-viśvāsa evam ādi brahma-karma brāhmaṇasya karma svabhāvajaṃ svābhāvikam ||42||
Baladeva : brāhmaṇasya svābhāvikaṃ karmāha śama iti | śamo 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya saṃyamaḥ | damo bahiḥ-karaṇasya tapaḥ śāstrīya-kāya-kleśaḥ | śaucaṃ dvividham uktam | kṣāntiḥ sahiṣṇutā ārjavam avakratvam | jñānaṃ śāstrāt parāvara-tattvāvagamaḥ | vijñānaṃ tasmād eva tad-ekānta-dharmādhigamaḥ | āstikyaṃ sarvaveda-vedyo harir nikhilaika-karaṇaṃ sva-vvihitaiḥ karmabhir ārādhitaḥ kevalayā bhaktyā ca santoṣitaḥ sva-paryantaṃ sarvam arpayatīti śāstrādhigate 'rthe satyatva-viniścayaḥ | etat svābhāvikaṃ brahma-karma | tathāpi sattva-prādhānyād brāhmaṇasyeti bhaṇitiḥ | evam uktaṃ viṣṇunā -
kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śaucaṃ
dānam indriya-saṃyamaḥ |
ahiṃsā guru-śuśrūṣā
tīrthānusaraṇaṃ dayā ||
ārjavaṃ lobha-śūnyatvaṃ
deva-brāhmaṇa-pūjanam |
anabhyasūyā ca tathā
dharma-sāmānya ucyate || iti ||42||
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BhG 18.43
śauryaṃ tejo dhṛtir dākṣyaṃ yuddhe cāpy apalāyanam |
dānam īśvarabhāvaś ca kṣātraṃ karma svabhāvajam ||43||
Śrīdhara: kṣatriyasya svābhāvikāni karmāṇy āha śauryam iti | śauryaṃ parākramaḥ | tejaḥ prāgalbhyam | dhṛtir dhairyam | dākṣyaṃ kauśalam | yuddhe cāpy apalāyanam aparāṅmukhatā | dānam audāryam | īśvara-bhāvo niyamana-śaktiḥ | etat kṣatriyasya svābhāvikaṃ karma ||43||
Viśvanātha: sattvopasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ karmāha - śauryaṃ parākramaḥ tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ dhṛtir dhairyaṃ īśvara-bhāvo loka-niyantṛtvam ||43||
Baladevaḥ: kṣatriyasyāha śauryam iti | śauryaṃ yuddhe nirbhayā pravṛttiḥ | tejaḥ parair adhṛṣyatvam | dhṛtir mahaty api saṅkaṭe dehendriyānāvasādaḥ | dākṣyaṃ kriyā-siddh-kauśalam | yuddhe sva-mṛtyu-niścaye 'py apalāyanam tatrāvaimukhyam | dānam asaṅkocaena sva-vitta-tyāgaḥ | īśvara-bhāvaḥ prajā-pālanārtha īśitavyeṣu śāsanātigeṣu prabhutva-śakti-prakāśaḥ | etat kṣatriyasya svābhāvikaṃ karma ||43||
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BhG 18.44
kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṃ vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam |
paricaryātmakaṃ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam ||44||
Śrīdhara: vaiśya-śūdrayoḥ karmāṇy āha kṛṣīti | kṛṣiḥ karṣaṇam | gā rakṣatīti gau-rakṣaḥ | tasya bhāvo gaurakṣyam | pāśupālyam ity arthaḥ | vāṇijyaṃ kraya-vikrayādi | etad vaiśyasya svabhāvajaṃ karma | travarṇika-paricaryātmakaṃ śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam ||44||
Viśvanātha: tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānānāṃ karmāha kṛṣīti | gā raksatīti go-rakṣas tasya bhāvo gaurakṣyam | raja-upasarjana-tamaḥ-pradhānānāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ karmāha paricaryātmakaṃ brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśāṃ paricaryā-rūpam ||44||
Baladevaḥ: vaiśyasyāha kṛṣīti | annādy-utpattaye halādinā bhūmer vilekhanaṃ kṛṣiḥ | pāśupālyaṃ gorakṣyam | vaṇik-karma vāṇijyaṃ kraya-vikraya-laksaṇam | vṛddhau dhana-prayogaḥ kuśīdam apy atrāntargatam etat svabhāva-siddhaṃ vaiśya-karma | atha śūdrasyāha parīti | brāhmaṇādīnāṃ dvijanmanāṃ paricaryā śūdrasya svābhāvikaṃ karma | etāni cāturāśramya-karmaṇām upalakṣaṇāni ||44||
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BhG 18.45
sve sve karmaṇy abhirataḥ saṃsiddhiṃ labhate naraḥ |
svakarmanirataḥ siddhiṃ yathā vindati tac chṛṇu ||45||
Śrīdhara: evambhūtasya brāhmaṇādi-karmaṇo jñāna-hetutvam āha sve sve iti | sva-svādhikāra-vihite karmaṇy abhirataḥ pariniṣṭhito naraḥ saṃsiddhiṃ jñāna-yogyatāṃ labhate | karmaṇāṃ jñāna-prāpti-prakāram āha sva-karmeti-sārdhena | sva-karma-pariniṣṭhito yathā yena prakāreṇa tattva-jñānaṃ labhate tat prakāraṃ śṛṇu ||45||
Viśvanātha: no comment
Baladevaḥ: uktānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñāna-hetutām āha sve sve iti | sva-sva-varṇāśrama-vihite karmaṇy abhiratas tad-anuṣṭhātā naraḥ saṃsiddhiṃ viśa-tantuvat karmāntargataṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ labhate | nanu bandhakena karmaṇāṃ vimocikā jñāna-niṣṭhā katham iti ced buddhi-viśeṣād ity āha sva-karmeti ||45||
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BhG 18.46
yataḥ pravṛttir bhūtānāṃ yena sarvam idaṃ tatam |
svakarmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ ||46||
Śrīdhara: tam evāha yata iti | yato 'ntathāmiṇaḥ parameśvarād bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ pravṛttiś ceṣṭā bhavati | yena ca kāraṇātmanā sarvam idaṃ viśvaṃ tataṃ vyāptam | tam īśvaraṃ sva-karmaṇābhyarcya pūjayitvā siddhiṃ labhate manuṣyaḥ ||46||
Viśvanātha: yataḥ parameśvarāt | tam evābhyarcya ity anena karmaṇā parameśaras tuṣyatv iti manasā tad-arpaṇam eva tad-abhyarcanam ||46||
Baladevaḥ: yata iti | yataḥ parameśvarād bhūtānāṃ janmādi-lakṣaṇā pravṛttir bhavati , yena cedaṃ sarvaṃ jagat taṃ vyāptaṃ tam indrādi-devatātmanāvasthitaṃ sva-vihitena karmaṇābhyarcya etena karmaṇā sva-prabhus tuṣyatu iti manasā tasmiṃs tat samarpya mānavaḥ siddhiṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ vindati ||46||
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BhG 18.47
śreyān svadharmo viguṇaḥ paradharmot svanuṣṭhitāt |
svabhāvaniyataṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ||47||
Śrīdhara: svakarmeti viśeṣaṇasya phalam āha śreyān iti | viguṇo 'pi sva-dharmaḥ samyag-anuṣṭhitād api para-dharmāt śreyān śreṣṭhaḥ | na ca bandhu-vadhādi-muktād yuddhādeḥ svadharmād bhikṣāṭanādi para-dharmaḥ śreṣṭha iti mantavyam | yataḥ svabhāvena pūrvoktena niyataṃ niyamenoktaṃ karma kurvan kilbiṣaṃ nāpnoti ||47||
Viśvanātha: na ca kriyādibhiḥ sva-dharmaṃ rājasaṃ ca vīkṣya tatra anabhirucyā sāttvikaṃ karma kartavyam ity āha śreyān iti | para-dharmāt śreṣṭhād api svanuṣṭhitāt samyag anuṣṭhitād api svadharmo viguṇo nikṛṣṭo 'pi samyag-anuṣṭhātum aśakyo 'pi śreṣṭhaḥ | tena bandhu-vadhādi-doṣavattāt sva-dharmaṃ yuddhaṃ tyaktvā bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpa-para-dharmas tvayā nānusṭheya iti bhāvaḥ ||47||
Baladevaḥ: nanu kṣatriyādi-dharmāṇāṃ rājasāditvāt teṣu ruci-śūnyaiḥ kṣatriyādibhiḥ sāttviko brahma-dharma evānuṣṭheya iti cet tatrāha śreyān iti | sva-dharmo viguṇaḥ nikṛṣṭo 'pi samyag-anuṣṭhito 'pi vā para-dharmād utkṛṣṭāt svanuṣṭhitāc ca śreyān atipraśasto vihitatvāt |
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BhG 18.48
sahajaṃ karma kaunteya sadoṣam api na tyajet |
sarvārambhā hi doṣeṇa dhūmenāgnir ivāvṛtāḥ ||48||
Śrīdhara: yadi punaḥ sāṅkhya-dṛṣṭya sva-dharme hiṃsā-lakṣaṇaṃ doṣaṃ matvā para-dharmaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ manyase tarhi sadoṣatvaṃ para-dharme 'pi tulyam ity āśayenāha sahajam iti | sahajaṃ svabhāva-vihitaṃ karma sa-doṣam api na tyajet | hi yasmāt sarve 'py ārambhāḥ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāni sarvāṇy api karmāṇi doṣeṇa kenacid āvṛtā vyāptā eva | yathā sahajena dhūmenāgnir āvṛta itivat | ato yathāgner dhūma-rūpaṃ doṣam apākṛtya pratāpa eva tamaḥ-śītādi-nivṛttaye sevyate tathā karmaṇo 'pi doṣāṃśaṃ vihāya guṇāṃśa eva sattva-śuddhaye sevyata ity arthaḥ ||48||
Viśvanātha: na ca sva-dharme eva kevalaṃ doṣo 'stīti mantavyam, yataḥ para-dharmeṣv api doṣaḥ kaścid asty evety āha sahajam iti | sahajaṃ svabhāva-vihitaṃ hi yataḥ sarve 'py ārambhāḥ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sādhanāni karmāṇi doṣeṇāvṛtā eva | yathā dhūmena doṣeṇāvṛta eva vahnir dṛśyate | ato dhūma-rūpaṃ doṣam apākṛtya tasya tāpa eva tamaḥ-śītādi-nivṛttaye yathā sevyate tathā karmaṇo 'pi doṣāṃśaṃ vihāya guṇāṃśa eva sattva-śuddhaye sevya ity bhāvaḥ ||48||
Baladevaḥ: na khalu kṣatriyādi-dharmā eva yuddhādayaḥ sa-doṣāḥ | brahma-dharmāś ca tathety āha sahajam iti | sahajaṃ svabhāva-prāptaṃ karma sadoṣam api hiṃsādi-miśram api na tyajed api tu vihitatvāt kuryād eva | nirdoṣatva-buddhyā brahma-karmaṇā cared ity arthaḥ yataḥ sarveti | sarveṣāṃ brāhmaṇādi-varṇānām ārambhāḥ karmāṇi triguṇātmakatvād dravya-sādhyatvāc ca sāmānyataḥ kenacid doṣeṇāvṛtā vyāptā eva bhavanti | dhūmenevāgnir iti yathāgner dhūmāṃśam apākṛtya śītādi-nivṛttaye tāpaḥ sevyate | tathā karmaṇāṃ bhagavad-arpaṇena doṣāṃśaṃ nirdhūyātma-darśanāya jñāna-janakatvāṃśaḥ sevya iti bhāvaḥ ||48||
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BhG 18.49
asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ |
naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ paramāṃ saṃnyāsenādhigacchati ||49||
Śrīdhara: nanu karmaṇi kriyamāṇe kathaṃ doṣāṃśa-prahāṇena guṇāṃśa eva sampadyata ity apekṣāyām āha asakta-buddhir iti | asaktā saṅga-śūnyā buddhir yasya | jitātmā nirahaṅkāraḥ | vigata-spṛhaḥ vigatā spṛhā phala-viṣayecchā yasmāt saḥ | evambhūtena saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalaṃ caiva sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ (Gītā 18.9) | ity evaṃ pūrvoktena karmāsakti-tat-phalayos tyāga-lakṣaṇena sannyāsena naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ sarva-karma-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇāṃ sattva-śuddhim adhigacchati | yadyapi saṅga-phalayos tyāgena karmānuṣṭhānam api naiṣkarmyam eva kartṛtvābhiniveśābhāvāt ( yad uktam - naiva kiñcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit (Gītā 5.8) ity ādi śloka-catuṣṭayena ), tathāpy anenokta-lakṣaṇena sannyāsena paramāṃ naiṣkarmya-siddhiṃ sarva-karmāṇi manasā sannyasyāste
sukhaṃ vaśī (Gītā 5.13) ity evaṃ-lakṣaṇa-pāramahaṃsyāpara-paryāyām āpnoti ||49||
Viśvanātha: evaṃ sati karmaṇi doṣāṃsān kartṛtvābhiniveśa-phalābhisandhi-lakṣaṇān tyaktavataḥ prathama-sannyāsinas tasya kālena sādhana-paripākato yogārūḍhatva-daśāyāṃ karmaṇāṃ svarūpeṇāpi tyāga-rūpaṃ dvitīya-sannyāsam āha asakta-buddhiḥ sarvatrāpi prākṛta-vastuṣu na saktā āsakti-śūnyā buddhir yasya saḥ | ato jitātmā vaśīkṛta-citto vigatā brahma-loka-paryanteṣv api sukheṣu spṛhā yasya saḥ | tataś ca sannyāsena karmaṇāṃ svarūpeṇāpi tyāgena naiṣkarmyasya paramāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ siddhim adhigacchati prāpnoti | yogārūḍha-daśāyāṃ tasya naiṣkarmyam atiśayena siddhir bhavatīty arthaḥ ||49||
Baladeva: evam ārurukṣuḥ san-niṣṭho jñāna-garbhayā karma-niṣṭhayānubhūta-svarūpas tataḥ karma-niṣṭhāṃ svarūpatas tyajed ity āha asakteti | sarvatrātmātirikteṣu vastuṣv asakta-buddhir yato jitātmā svātmānandāsvādena vaśīkṛta-manā ataeva vigata-spṛha ātmātirikta-vastu-sādhyeṣu nānā-vidheṣv ānandeṣu spṛhā-śūnyaḥ | svātmānandāsvāda-vikṣepakānāṃ karmaṇāṃ sannyāsena svarūpatas tyāgena paramāṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhim adhigacchati yogārūḍhaḥ san | evam evoktaṃ tṛtīye yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād (Gītā 3.17) ity ādinā ||49||
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BhG 18.50
siddhiṃ prāpto yathā brahma tathāpnoti nibodha me |
samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ||50||
Śrīdhara: evambhūtasya paramahaṃsasya jñāna-niṣṭhāyā brahma-bhāva-prakāram āha siddhiṃ prāpta iti ṣaḍbhiḥ | naiṣkarmya-siddhiṃ prāptaḥ san yathā yena prakāreṇa brahma prāpnoti tathā taṃ prakāraṃ saṅkṣepeṇaiva me vacanān nibodha | pratiṣṭhitā yā brahma-prāptiḥ tām imāṃ tathā darśayitum āha niṣṭhā jñānasya yā pareti | niṣṭhā paryavasānaṃ parisamāptir ity arthaḥ ||50||
Viśvanātha: tataś ca yathā yena prakāreṇa brahma prāpnoti brahmānubhavatīty arthaḥ | saiva jñānasya niṣṭhā parā paramo 'nta ity arthaḥ | niṣṭhā niṣpatti-nāśāntāḥ ity amaraḥ | avidyāyām uparata-prāyāyāṃ vidyāyā apy uparamārambhe yena prakāreṇa jñāna-sannyāsaṃ kṛtvā brahmānubhavet taṃ budhyasvety arthaḥ ||50||
Baladeva: siddhim iti | vihitena karmaṇā harim ārādhya tat-prasāda-jāṃ sarva-karma-tyāgāntāṃ ātma-dhyāna-niṣṭhāṃ prāpto yathā yena prakāreṇa sthito brahma prāpnoti āvirbhāvita-guṇāṣṭakaṃ svarūpam anubhavati | tathā taṃ prakāraṃ samāsena gadato me matto nibodha | jñānasya yā parā niṣṭhā pareśa-viṣayā jñāna-niṣṭhā tvāṃ prati mayocyate tāṃ ca śṛṇu ||50||
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BhG 18.51-53
buddhyā viśuddhayā yukto dhṛtyātmānaṃ niyamya ca |
śabdādīn viṣayāṃs tyaktvā rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca ||51||
viviktasevī laghvāśī yatavākkāyamānasaḥ |
dhyānayogaparo nityaṃ vairāgyaṃ samupāśritaḥ ||52||
ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ parigraham |
vimucya nirmamaḥ śānto brahmabhūyāya kalpate ||53||
Śrīdhara: tad evam āha buddhyeti | uktena prakāreṇa viśuddhayā pūrvoktayā sāttvikyā buddhyā yukto dhṛtyā sāttvikyā ātmānaṃ tām eva buddhiṃ niyamya niścalāṃ kṛtvā śabdādīn viṣayāṃs tyaktvā tad-viṣayau rāga-dveṣau vyudasya buddhyā viśuddhayā yukta ity ādīnāṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ ||51|| kiṃ ca vivikteti | vivikta-sevī śuci-deśāvasthāyī laghvāśī mita-bhojī etair upāyair yata-vāk-kāya-mānasaḥ saṃyata-vāg-deha-citto bhūtvā nityaṃ sarvadā dhyānena yo yogo brahma-saṃsparśas tat-paraḥ san dhyānāvicchedārthaṃ punaḥ punar dṛḍhaṃ vairāgyaṃ samyag upāśrito bhūtvā ||52|| tataś cāhaṃkāram iti | virakto 'ham ity ādy ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ durāgrahaṃ darpaṃ yoga-balād unmārga-pravṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ prārabdha-vaśāt prāpyamāneṣv api
viṣayeṣu kāmaṃ krodhaṃ parigrahaṃ ca vimucya viśeṣeṇa tyaktvā balād āpanneṣu nirma
maḥ san śāntaḥ paramām upaśāntiṃ prāpto brahma-bhūyāya brahmāham iti naiścalyenāvasthānāya kalpate yogyaś ca bhavati ||53||
Viśvanātha: buddhyā viśuddhayā sāttvikyā dhṛtyāpi sāttvikyātmānaṃ mano niyamya | dhyānena bhagavac-cintanenaiva yaḥ paro yogas tat-parāyaṇaḥ | balaṃ kāma-rāga-yuktaṃ na tu sāmarthyam | ahaṅkārādīn vimucyety avidyoparamaḥ | śāntaḥ sattva-guṇasyāpy upaśāntimān iti kṛta-jñāna-sannyāsa ity arthaḥ | jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset (BhP 11.19.1) ity ekādaśokteḥ | ajñāna-jñānayor uparamaṃ vinā brahmānubhavānupattir iti bhāvaḥ | brahma-bhūyāya brahmānubhavāya kalpate samartho bhavati ||51-53||
Baladeva: taṃ prakāram āha buddhyeti | viśuddhayā sāttvikyā buddhyā yuktas tādṛśyā dhṛtyā cātmānaṃ mano niyamya samādhi-yogyaṃ kṛtvā śabdādīn viṣayāṃs tyaktvā tān sannihitān vidhāya rāga-dveṣau ca tad-dhetukau vyudasya dūrataḥ parihṛtya | vivikta-sevī nirjana-sthaḥ laghvāśī mita-bhuk yatāni dhyeyābhimukhīkṛtāni vāgādīni yena saḥ | nityaṃ dhyāna-yoga-paro hari-cintana-nirataḥ | vairāgyam ātmetara-vastu-mātra-viṣayakam | aham iti | ahaṃkāro dehātmābhimānaḥ | balaṃ tad-vardhakaṃ vāsanā-rūpam | darpas tad-dhetukaḥ prārabdha-śeṣa-vaśād upāgateṣu bhogyeṣu kāmo 'bhilāṣaḥ, teṣv anyair apahṛteṣu krodhaḥ | parigrahaś ca tat-karmakaḥ | tan etān ahaṅkārādīn vimucya nirmamaḥ san brahma-bhūyāya guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭa-svātma-rūpatvāya
kalpate tad anubhavati | śānto nistaraṅga-sindhur iva sthitaḥ ||51-53||
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BhG 18.54
brahmabhūtaḥ prasannātmā na śocati na kāṅkṣati |
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu madbhaktiṃ labhate parām ||54||
Śrīdhara: brahmāham iti naiścalyenāvasthānasya phalam āha brahmeti | brahma-bhūto brahmaṇy avasthitaḥ prasanna-cittaḥ naṣṭaṃ na śocati na cāprāptaṃ kāṅkṣati dehādya-abhimānābhāvāt | ataeva sarveṣv api bhūteṣu samaḥ san rāga-dveṣam ādikṛta-vikṣepābhāvāt sarva-bhūteṣu mad-bhāvanā-lakṣaṇṃṃ parāṃ bhaktiṃ labhate ||54||
Viśvanātha: tataś copādhy-apagame sati brahma-bhūto 'nāvṛtta-caitanyatvena brahma-rūpa ity arthaḥ | guṇa-mālinyāpagamāt | prasannaś cāsāv ātmā ceti saḥ | tataś ca pūrva-daśāyām iva naṣṭaṃ na śocati na cāprāptaṃ kāṅkṣati dehādy-abhimānābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhadrābhadreṣu bālaka iva samaḥ bāhyānusandhānābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ |
tataś ca nirindhanāgnāv iva jñāne śānte 'py anaśvarāṃ jñānāntarbhūtāṃ mad-bhaktiṃ śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-rūpāṃ labhate | tasyā mat-svarūpa-śakti-vṛttitvena māyā-śakti-bhinnatvād avidyāvidyayor apagame 'py anapagamāt | ataeva parāṃ jñānād anyāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ niṣkāma-karma-jñānādy-urvaritatvena kevalām ity arthaḥ | labhata iti pūrvaṃ jñāna-vairāgyādiṣu mokṣa-siddhy-arthaṃ kalayā vartamānāyā api sarva-bhūteṣv antaryāmina iva tasyāḥ spaṣṭopalabdhir nāsīd iti bhāvaḥ | ataeva kuruta ity anuktvā labhata iti prayuktam | māṣam udgādiṣu militāṃ teṣu naṣṭeṣv apy anaśvarāṃ kāñcana-maṇikām iva tebhyaḥ pṛthaktayā kevalāṃ labhata itivat | sampūrṇāyāḥ prema-bhaktes tu prāyas tadānīṃ lābha-sambhavo 'sti nāpi tasyāḥ phalaṃ sāyujyam ity ataḥ parā-śabdena
prema-lakṣaṇeti vyākhyeyam ||54||
Baladeva: tasya brahma-bhūyottara-bhāvinaṃ lābham āha brahmeti | brahma-bhūtaḥ sākṣāt-kṛtāṣṭa-guṇaka-sva-svarūpaḥ | prasannātmā kleśa-karma-vipākāśayānāṃ vigamād atisvacchaḥ - nadyaḥ prasanna-salilāḥ ity ādāv ativaimalyaṃ prasnna-śabdārthaḥ | sa evambhūto mad-anyāt kāṃścit prati na śocati na ca tān kāṅkṣati | sarveṣu mad-anyeṣūccāvaceṣu bhūteṣu samaḥ heyatvāviśeṣālloṣṭra-kāṣṭhavattvāni manyamānaḥ īdṛśaḥ san parāṃ mad-bhaktiṃ niṣṭhāṃ jñānasya yā parā ity (Gītā 18.50) uktāṃ mad-anubhava-lakṣaṇāṃ mad-vīkṣaṇa-samānākārāṃ sādhyāṃ bhaktiṃ vindatīty arthaḥ ||54||
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BhG 18.55
bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ |
tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tadanantaram ||55||
Śrīdhara: tataś ca bhaktyeti | tathā ca parayā bhaktyā tattvato mām abhijānāti | kathambhūtam, yāvān sarva-vyāpī yaś cāsmi sac-cid-ānanda-ghanas tathābhutaṃ | tataś ca mām evaṃ tattvato jñātvā tad-anantaraṃ tasya jñānasya uparame sati māṃ viśate paramānanda-rūpo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||55||
Viśvanātha: nanu tayā labdhayā bhaktyā tadānīṃ tasya kiṃ syād ity ato 'rthāntra-nyāsenāha bhaktyeti | ahaṃ yāvān yaś cāsmi taṃ māṃ tat-padārthaṃ jñānī vā nānāvidho bhakto vā bhaktyaiva tattvato 'bhijānāti | bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-ukteḥ (BhP 11.14.11) | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt prastutaḥ sa jñānī tatas tayā bhaktyaiva tad-anantaraṃ vidyoparamād uttara-kāla eva māṃ jñātvā māṃ viśati mat-sāyujya-sukham anubhavati | mama māyātītatvād avidyāyāś ca māyātvād vidyayāpy aham avagamya[*ENDNOTE] iti bhāvaḥ |
yat tu sāṅkhya-yogau ca vairāgyaṃ tapo bhaktiś ca keśave | pañca-parvaiva vidyā iti nārada-pañcarātre vidyā-vṛttitvena bhaktiḥ śrūyate | tat khalu hlādinī-śakti-vṛtter bhakter eva kalā kācid vidyā-sāphalyārthaṃ vidyāyāṃ praviṣṭā | karma-sāphalyārthaṃ karma-yoge 'pi praviśati | tayā vinā karma-jñāna-yogādīnāṃ śrama-mātratvokteḥ | yato nirguṇā bhaktiḥ sad-guṇamayyā vidyāyā vṛttir vastuto na bhavati, ato hy ajñāna-nivartakatvenaiva vidyāyāḥ kāraṇatvaṃ tat-padārtha-jñāne tu bhakter eva |
kiṃ ca - sattvāt sañjāyate jñānam iti smṛteḥ (Gītā 14.17) sattvajaṃ jñānaṃ sattvam eva | tac ca sattvaṃ vidyā-śabdenocyate yathā tathā bhakty-utthaṃ jñānaṃ bhaktir eva saiva kvacit bhakti-śabdena kvacit jñāna-śabdena cocyata iti jñānam api dvividhaṃ draṣṭavyam | tatra prathamaṃ jñānaṃ saṃnyasya dvitīyena jñānena brahma-sāyujyam āpnuyād ity ekādaśa-skandha-pañcaviṃśaty-adhyāya-dṛṣṭyāpi[*ENDNOTE] jñeyam | atra kecid bhaktyā vinaiva kevalenaiva jñānena sāyujyārthinas te jñāni-māninaḥ kleśa-mātra-phalā ativigītā eva | anye tu bhaktyā vinā kevalena jñānena na muktir iti jñātvā bhakti-miśram eva jñānam abhasyanto bhagavāṃs tu māyopādhir eveti bhagavad-vapur guṇa-mayaṃ manyamānā yogārūḍhatva-daśām api prāptās te 'pi jñānino vimukta-mānino vigītā eva | yad uktam -
mukha-bāhūru-pādebhyaḥ
puruṣasyāśramaiḥ saha |
catvāro jajñire varṇā
guṇair viprādayaḥ pṛthak || (BhP 11.5.2)
ya evaṃ puruṣaṃ sākṣād
ātma-prabhavam īśvaram |
na bhajanty avajānanti
sthānād bhraṣṭāḥ patanty adhaḥ || (BhP 11.5.3) iti |
asyārthaḥ ye na bhajanti ye ca bhajanto 'py avajānanti te sannyāsino 'pi vinaṣṭa-vidyā apy adhaḥ patanti | tathā ca hy uktam -
ye 'nye 'ravindākṣa vimukta-māninas
tvayy asta-bhāvād aviśuddha-buddhayaḥ |
āruhya kṛcchreṇa paraṃ padaṃ tataḥ
patanty adho 'nādṛta-yuṣmad-aṅghrayaḥ || (BhP 10.2.32) iti |
atra āṅghri-padaṃ bhaktyaiva prayuktaṃ vivakṣitam | anādṛta-yuṣmad-aṅghraya iti tanor guṇa-mayatva-buddhir eva tanor anādaraḥ | yad uktaṃ -
avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam | (Gītā 9.11) iti |
vastutas tu mānuṣī sā tanuḥ saccidānandam apy eva | tasyāḥ dṛśyatvaṃ tu dustarkya-tadīya-kṛpā-śakti-prabhāvād eva | yad uktam nārāyaṇādhyātma-vacanam -
nityāvyakto 'pi bhagavān
īkṣ(y)ate nija-śaktitaḥ |
tām ṛte paramānandaṃ
kaḥ paśyet tam imaṃ prabhum || iti |
evaṃ ca bhagavat-tanoḥ saccidānandamayatve k ptaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham śrī-vṛndāvana-sura-bhūruha-talāsīnam iti (GTU 1.33) | śābdaṃ brahma vapur dadhat ity ādi śrutiḥ-smṛti-para-sahasra-vacaneṣu pramāṇeṣu satsv api - māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram iti (ŚvetU 4.2) iti śruti-dṛṣṭyaiva bhagavān api māyopādhir iti manyante kintu svarūpa-bhūtayā nitya-śaktyā māyākhyayā yutaḥ | ato māya-mayaṃ viṣṇuṃ pravadanti sanātanam iti mādhva-bhāṣya-pramāṇita-śruteḥ | māyāṃ tv ity atra māyā-śabdena svarūpa-bhūtā cic-chaktir evābhidhīyate na tv asvarūpa-bhūtā triguṇa-mayy eva śaktir iti tasyāḥ śruter arthaṃ na manyante | yad vā prakṛtiṃ durgāṃ māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ śambhuṃ vidyād ity artham api naiva manyante |
ato bhagavad-aparādhena jīvan-muktva-daśāṃ prāptā api te 'dhaḥ patanti | yad uktaṃ vāsanā-bhāṣya-dhṛtaṃ pariśiṣṭa-vacanam |
jīvan-muktā api punar
yānti saṃsāra-vāsanām |
yady acintya-mahā-śaktau
bhagavaty aparādhinaḥ || iti |
te ca phala-prāptau satyām arthāt nāsti sādhanopayoga iti matvā jñāna-sannyāsa-kāle jñānaṃ tatra guṇī-bhūtāṃ bhaktim api santyajya, mithyaivāparokṣānubhavaṃ tv asya manyante | śrī-vigrahāparādhena bhaktyā api jñānena sārdham antardhānād bhaktiṃ te punar naiva labhante | bhaktyā vinā ca tat-padārthānanubhāvān mṛṣā-samādhayo jīvan-mukta-mānina eva te jñeyāḥ | yad uktam - ye 'nye 'ravindākṣa vimukta-māninaḥ iti |
ye tu bhakti-miśraṃ jñānam abhyasyanto bhagavan-mūrtiṃ sac-cid-ānandamayīm eva mānayānāḥ krameṇāvidyāvidyayor uparāme parāṃ bhaktiṃ labhante | te jīvan-muktā dvividhāḥ | eke sāyujyārthaṃ bhaktiṃ kurvantas tayaiva tat padārtham aparokṣīkṛtya tasmin sāyujyaṃ labhante te saṅgītā eva | apare bhūribhāgā yādṛcchika-śānta-mahā-bhāgavata-saṅga-prabhāvena tyakta-mumukṣāḥ śukādivad bhakti-rasa-mādhuryāsvāda eva nimajjanti, te tu parama-saṅgītā eva | yad uktam -
ātmārāmāś ca munayo
nirgranthā apy urukrame
kurvanty ahaitukīṃ bhaktim
itthambhūta-guṇo hariḥ || (BhP 1.7.10) iti |
tad evaṃ caturvidhā jñānino dvaye vigītāḥ patanti, dvaye saṅgītās taranti saṃsāram iti ||55||
Baladeva: tataḥ kiṃ tad āha bhaktyeti | svarūpato guṇataś ca yo 'haṃ vibhūtitaś ca yāvān aham asmi taṃ mām parayā mad-bhaktyā tat tv abhijānāty anubhavati | tato mat-parama-bhaktito hetor ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ māṃ tattvato yāthātmyena jñātvānubhūya tad-anantaraṃ tata eva hetor māṃ viśate mayā saha yujyate | puraṃ praviśati ity atra pura-saṃyoga eva pratīyate na tu purātmakatvam |
atra tattvato 'bhijñāne praveśe ca bhaktir eva hetur ukto bodhyaḥ | bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakyaḥ ity (Gītā 11.54) ādi pūrvokteḥ | tad-anantaram iti mat-svarūpa-guṇa-vibhūti-tāttvikānubhavād uttarasmin kāle ity arthaḥ | yad vā, parayā bhaktyā māṃ tattvato jñātvā tatas tāṃ bhaktim ādāyaiva māṃ viśate | lyab-lope karmaṇi pañcamī | mokṣe 'pi bhaktir astīty āha sūtra-kṛt āprāyaṇāt tatrāpi hi dṛṣṭam iti (Vs 4.1.12) āprāyaṇād āmokṣāt tatrāpi ca mokse bhaktir anuvartate iti śrutau dṛṣṭam iti sūtrārthaḥ | bhaktyā vinaṣṭāvidyānāṃ bhaktyāḥ svādo vivardhate sitayā naṣṭa-pittānāṃ sitāsvādavad iti rahasya-vidaḥ | itthaṃ ca sa-niṣṭhānāṃ sādhana-sādhya-paddhatir uktā ||55||
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BhG 18.56
sarvakarmāṇy api sadā kurvāṇo madvyapāśrayaḥ |
matprasādād avāpnoti śāśvataṃ padam avyayam ||56||
Śrīdhara: sva-karmabhiḥ parameśvarārādhanād uktaṃ mokṣa-prakāram upasaṃharati sarva-karmāṇīti | sarvāṇi nityāni naimittikāni ca karmāṇi purvokta-krameṇa sarvadā kurvāṇaḥ mad-vyapāśrayaḥ aham eva vyāpāśrayaḥ āśrayaṇīyo na tu svargādi-phalaṃ yasya sa mat-prasādād śāśvatam anādi sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ padam prāpnoti ||56||
Viśvanātha: tad evaṃ jñānī yathā-krameṇaiva karma-phala-sannyāsa-karma-sannyāsair mat-sāyujyaṃ prāpnotīty uktam | mad-bhaktas tu māṃ yathā prāpnoti tad api śṛṇv ity āha sarveti | mad-vyapāśrayo māṃ viśeṣato 'pakarṣeṇa sakāmatayāpi ya āśrayate so 'pi kiṃ punar niṣkāma-bhakta ity arthaḥ | sarva-karmāṇy api nitya-naimittika-kāmyāni putra-kalatrādi-poṣaṇa-lakṣaṇāni vyavahārikāṇy api sarvāṇi kurvāṇaḥ kiṃ punas tyakta-karma-yoga-jñāna-devatāntaropāsanānya-kāmāny abhakta ity arthaḥ |
atrāśrayate samyag sevata iti āḍ-upasargena sevāyāḥ pradhānībhūtatvam | karmāṇy apīty api-śabdenāpakarṣa-bodhakena karmaṇāṃ guṇībhūtatvam | ato 'yaṃ karma-miśra-bhaktimān, na tu bhakti-miśra-karmavān iti prathama-ṣaṭkokte karmaṇi nātivyāptiḥ | śāśvataṃ mahat-padaṃ mad-dhāma vaikuṇṭha-mathurā-dvārakāyodhyādikam āpnoti |
nanu mahā-pralaye tat tad dhāma kathaṃ sthāsyati | tatrāha - avyayaṃ mahā-pralaye mad-dhāmnaḥ kim api na vyayati mad-atarkya-prabhāvād iti bhāvaḥ |
nanu jñānī khalv anekair janmabhir aneka-tapa-ādi-kleśaiḥ sarva-viṣayendriyoparāmeṇaiva naiṣkarmye saty eva yat sāyujyaṃ prāpnoti | tasya te nityaṃ dhāma sakarmakatve sakāmakatve 'pi tvad-āśrayaṇa-mātreṇaiva kathaṃ prāpnoti | tatrāha mat-prasādād iti mat-prasādasyātarkyam eva prabhāvatvaṃ jānīhīti bhāvaḥ ||56||
Baladeva: atha pariniṣṭhitānām āha sarveti sārdha-dvayābhyām | mad-vyapāśrayo mad-ekāntī sarvāṇi sva-vihitāni karmāṇi yathā-yogaṃ kurvāṇaḥ | api-śabdād gauṇa-kāle mad-ekāntinas tasya mukhya-kālābhāvāt | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ - sarvathāpi tatra vobhaya-liṅgāt (Vs 3.4.34) iti | īdṛśaḥ sa mat-prasādān mad-atyanugrahāt śāśvataṃ nityam avyayam apariṇāmi-jñānānandātmakaṃ padaṃ param-vyomākhyam avāpnoti labhate ||56||
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BhG 18.57
cetasā sarvakarmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya matparaḥ |
buddhiyogam upāśritya maccittaḥ satataṃ bhava ||57||
Śrīdhara: yasmād evaṃ tasmāt cetaseti | sarvāṇi karmāṇi | cetasā mayi saṃnyasya samarpya mat-paraḥ aham eva paraḥ prāpyaḥ puruṣārtho yasya sa vyavasāyātmikayā buddhyā yogam upāśritya satataṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-kāle 'pi brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma-havir iti (Gītā 4.24) nyāyena mayy eva cittaṃ yasya tathābhūto bhava ||57||
Viśvanātha: nanu tarhi māṃ prati tvaṃ niścayena kim ājñāpayasi | kim aham ananya-bhakto bhavāmi, kiṃ vānantarokta-lakṣaṇaḥ sakāma-bhakta eva | tatra sarva-prakṛṣṭo 'nanya-bhakto bhavituṃ na prabhaviṣyasi | nāpi sarva-bhakteṣv apakṛṣṭaḥ sakāma-bhakto bhava | kintu tvaṃ madhyama-bhakto bhavety āha cetaseti | sarva-karmāṇi svāśrama-dharmān vyavahārika-karmāṇi ca mayi sannyasya samarpya, mat-paro 'ham eva paraḥ prāpyaḥ puruṣārtho yasya sa niṣkāma ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ pūrvam eva
yat karoṣi yad aśnāsi
yaj juhoṣi dadāsi yat |
yat tapasyasi kaunteya
tat kuruṣva mad-arpaṇam || iti | (Gītā 9.27)
buddhi-yogaṃ vyavasāyātmikayā buddhyā yogaṃ satataṃ mac-cittaḥ karmānuṣṭhāna-kāle 'nyadāpi māṃ smaran bhava ||57||
Baladeva: tādṛśatvād eva tvaṃ sarvāṇi sva-vihitāni karmāṇi kartṛtvābhimānādi-śūnyenacetasā svāmini mayi sannyasyārpayitvā mat-paro mad-eka-puruṣārtho mām eva buddhi-yogam upāśritya satataṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-kāle mac-citto bhava | etac ca tvāṃ prati prāg apy uktaṃ yat karoṣīty ādinā arpayitvaiva karmāṇi kuru, na tu kṛtvārpayeti ||57||
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BhG 18.58
maccittaḥ sarvadurgāṇi matprasādat tariṣyasi |
atha cet tvam ahaṃkārān na śroṣyasi vinaṅkṣyasi ||58||
Śrīdhara: tato yad bhaviṣyati tac chṛṇu - mac-citta iti | mac-cittaḥ san mat-prasādāt sarvāṇy api durgāṇi dustarāṇi sāṃsārika-duḥkhāni tariṣyasi | vipakṣe doṣam āha -- atha cet yadi punas tvam ahaṃkārān jñātṛtvābhimānāt mad uktam evaṃ na śroṣyasi tarhi vinaṅkṣyasi puruṣārthād bhraṣṭo bhaviṣyasi ||58||
Viśvanātha : tataḥ kim ata āha mac-citta iti ||58||
Baladeva : evaṃ mac-cittas tvaṃ mat-prasādād eva sarvāṇi durgāṇi dustarāṇi saṃsāra-duḥkhāni tariṣyasi | tatra te na cintā | tāny ahaṃ bhakta-bandhur apaneṣyami dāsyāmi cātmānam iti pariniṣṭhitānāṃ sādhana-sādhya-paddhatir uktā | atha ced ahaṅkārāt kṛtyākṛtya-viṣayaka-jñānābhimānāt tvaṃ mad-uktaṃ na śroṣyasi tarhi vinaṅkṣyasi svārthāt vibhraṣṭo bhaviṣyasi | na hi kaścit prāṇināṃ kṛtyākṛtyor vijñātā praśāstā vā matto 'nyo vartate ||58||
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BhG 18.59
yad ahaṃkāram āśritya na yotsya iti manyase |
mithyaiṣa vyavasāyas te prakṛtis tvāṃ niyokṣyati ||59||
Śrīdhara: kāmaṃ vinaṅkṣyasi na tu bandhubhir yuddhaṃ kariṣyāmīti cet tatrāha
yad ahaṃkāram iti | mad-uktam anādṛtya kevalam ahaṅkāram avalambya yuddhaṃ na kariṣyāmīti yan manyase tvam adhyavasyasi eṣa tava vyavasāyo mithyaiva asvatantratvāt tava | tad evāha prakṛtis tvāṃ rajo-guṇa-rūpeṇa pariṇatā satī niyokṣyati pravartayiṣyatīti ||59||
Viśvanātha: nanu kṣatriyasya mama[*ENDNOTE] yuddham eva paro dharmas tatra bandhu-vadha-pāpād bhīta eva pravartituṃ necchāmīti tatra sa-tarjanam āha yad aham iti | prakṛtiḥ svabhāvaḥ | adhunā tvaṃ mad-vacanaṃ na mānayasi, yadā tu mahāvīrasya tava svābhāviko yuddhotsāho durvāra evodbhaviṣyati tadā yudhyamānaḥ svayam eva bhīṣmādīn gurūn haniṣyan mayā hasiṣyasa iti bhāvaḥ ||59||
Baladeva: yadyapi kṣatriyasya yuddham eva dharmas tathāpi guru-viprādi-vadha-hetukāt pāpād bhītasya me na tatra pravṛttir iti kṛtyākṛtya-vijñātṛtvābhimānam ahaṅkāram āśritya nāhaṃ yotsye iti yadi tvaṃ manyase, tarhi tavaiṣa vyavasāyo niścayo mithyā niṣphalo bhāvī, prakṛtir man-māyā rajo-guṇātmanā pariṇatā mad-vākyāvahelinaṃ tvāṃ gurv-ādi-vadhe nimitte yuddhe niyokṣyati pravartayiṣyaty eva ||59||
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BhG 18.60
svabhāvajena kaunteya nibaddhaḥ svena karmaṇā |
kartuṃ necchasi yan mohāt kariṣyasy avaśopi tat ||60||
Śrīdhara: kiṃ ca svabhāvajeneti | svabhāvaḥ kṣatriyatva-hetuḥ pūrva-janma-saṃskāras tasmāj jātena svīyena karmaṇā śauryādinā pūrvoktena nibaddhaḥ yantritas tvaṃ mohāt yat karma yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ kartuṃ necchasi avaśaḥ san tat karma kariṣyasy eva ||60||
Viśvanātha: uktam evārthaṃ vivṛṇoti svabhāvaḥ kṣatriyatve hetuḥ pūrva-saṃskāras tasmāj jātena svīyena karmaṇā nibaddho yantritaḥ ||60||
Baladeva: uktam upapādayati svabhāveti | yadi tvaṃ mohād ajñānān mad-uktam api yuddhaṃ kartuṃ necchasi, tadā svabhāvajena svena karmaṇā śauryeṇa man-māyodbhāsitena nibaddho 'vaśas tat kariṣyasi ||60||
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BhG 18.61
īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ hṛddeśerjuna tiṣṭhati |
bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā ||61||
[*ENDNOTE]
Śrīdhara: tad evaṃ śloka-dvayena sāṅkhyādi-mate prakṛti-pāratantryaṃ svabhāva-pāratantryaṃ coktam | idānīṃ svamatam āha īśvara iti dvābhyām | sarva-bhūtānāṃ hṛn-madhye īśvaro 'ntaryāmī tiṣṭhati | kiṃ kurvan, sarvāṇi bhūtāni māyayā nija-śaktyā bhrāmayaṃs tat-tat-karmasu pravartayan, yathā dāru-yantram ārūḍhāni kṛtrimāni bhūtāni sūtradhāro loke bhrāmayati tadvad ity arthaḥ | yad vā yantrāṇi śarīrāṇi ārūḍhāni bhūtāni dehābhimānino jīvān bhramayann ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śvetāśvatārāṇāṃ mantraḥ --
eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ
sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā |
karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ
sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaś ca || iti || (ŚvetU 6.11)
antaryāmi-brāhmaṇaṃ[*ENDNOTE] ca -- ya ātmani tiṣṭhan ātmānam antaro yamayati yam ātmā na veda yasya ātmā śarīram eva te ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ || ity ādi ||61||
Viśvanātha: śloka-dvayena svabhāva-vādināṃ matam uktvā sva-matam āha īśvaro nārāyaṇaḥ sarvāntaryāmī | yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro, yaṃ pṛthivī na veda, yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ, yaḥ pṛthivīm antaro yamayati (BAU 3.6.3) iti |
yac ca kiñcij jagaty asmin[*ENDNOTE]
dṛśyate śrūyate 'pi vā |
antar-bahiś ca tat sarvaṃ
vyāpya nārāyaṇaḥ sthitaḥ || (Mahānārāyaṇa Upaniṣad 13.5)
ity ādi śruti-pratipādita īśvaro 'ntaryāmī hṛdi tiṣṭhati | kiṃ kurvan? sarvāṇi
bhūtāni māyayā nija-śaktyā bhrāmayan bhramayan[*ENDNOTE] tat-tat-karmāṇi pravartayan, yathā sūtra-sañcārādi-yantram ārūḍhāni kṛtrimāṇi pāñcālikā-rūpāṇi sarva-bhūtāni māyā vibhramayati tadvad ity arthaḥ | yad vā yantrārūḍhāni śarīrārūḍhān sarva-jīvān ity arthaḥ ||61||
Baladeva: vijñātṛtvābhimānam ivālakṣyārjunam atyājyatvād vidhānterṇopadiśati īśvara iti dvābhyām | he arjuna tvaṃ cet svaṃ vijṇaṃ manyase, tarhy antaryāmi-brāhmaṇāt tvayā jñāto ya īśvaraḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-sthāvarāntānāṃ hṛddeśe tiṣṭhati māyayā sva-śaktyā tāni bhrāmayan san | sarva-bhūtāni viśinaṣṭi yantreti | yat karmānuguṇaṃ māyā-nirmitaṃ dehendriya-prāṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ yantraṃ tad-ārūḍhāni | rūpakeṇopamātra vyajyate - yathā sūtra-dhāro dāru-yantrārūḍhāni kṛtrimāṇi bhūtāni bhrāmayati tadvat ||61||
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BhG 18.62
tam eva śaraṇaṃ gaccha sarvabhāvena bhārata |
tatprasādāt parāṃ śāntiṃ sthānaṃ prāpsyasi śāśvatam ||62||
Śrīdhara: tam iti | yasmād evaṃ sarve jīvāḥ parameśvara-paratantrāḥ tasmād ahaṅkāraṃ parityajya sarva-bhāvena sarvātmanā tam īśvaram eva śaraṇaṃ gaccha | tataś ca tasyaiva prasādāt parāṃ uttamāṃ śāntiṃ sthānaṃ ca pārameśvaraṃ śāśvataṃ nityaṃ prāpsyasi ||62||
Viśvanātha: etaj-jñāpana-prayojanam āha tam eveti | parām avidyāvidyayor nivṛttim | tataś ca śāśvataṃ sthānaṃ vaikuṇṭham | iyam antaryāmi-śaraṇāpattiḥ antaryāmy-upāsakānām eva | bhagavad-upāsakānāṃ tu bhagavac-charaṇāpattiḥ | agre vakṣyata eveti kecid āhuḥ | anyas tu yo mad-iṣṭa-devaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ sa eva mad-gurur māṃ bhakti-yogam anukūlaṃ hitaṃ copadeśam upadiśati ca | tam ahaṃ śaraṇaṃ prapadye ity aniśaṃ bhāvayeti | yad uktam uddhavena -
naivopayanty apacitiṃ kavayas taveśa
brahmayusāpi kṛtam ṛddha-mudaḥ smarantaḥ |
yo 'ntar-bahis tanu-bhṛtām aśubhaṃ vidhunvan
ācārya-caittya-vapuṣā sva-gatiṃ vyanakti || (BhP 11.29.6) iti ||62||
Baladeva: tarhi tam eveśvaraṃ sarva-bhāvena kāyādi-vyāpāreṇa śaraṇaṃ gaccha | tataḥ kim iti cet tatrāha tad iti | parāṃ śāntiṃ nikhila-kleśa-viśleṣa-lakṣaṇāṃ | śāśvataṃ nityaṃ sthānaṃ ca, tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ity ādi śruti-gītaṃ tad dhāma prāpsyasi | sa ceśvaro 'ham eva tvat-sakhaḥ sarvasya cāhaṃ hṛdi sanniviṣṭaḥ ity (Gītā 15.15) ādi mat-pūrvokter deva-rṣy-ādi-sammati-grāhiṇā tvayāpi paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma (Gītā 10.12) ity-ādinā svīkṛtatvāc ca | viśva-rūpa-darśane pratyakṣitatvāc ca | tasmān mad-upadeśe tiṣṭheti ||62||
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BhG 18.63
iti te jñānam ākhyātaṃ guhyād guhyataraṃ mayā |
vimṛśyaitad aśeṣeṇa yathecchasi tathā kuru ||63||
Śrīdhara: sarva-gītārtham upasaṃharann āha itīti | ity anena prakāreṇa te tubhyaṃ sarvajñena parama-kāruṇikena mayā jñānam ākhyātam upadiṣṭam | kathambhūtam | guhyād gopyād rahasya-mantra-yogādi-jñānād api guhyataraṃ | etan mayopadiṣṭaṃ gītā-śāstram aśeṣato paryālocya paścād yathecchasi tathā kuru | etasmin paryālocite sati tava moho nivartiṣyata iti bhāvaḥ ||63||
Viśvanātha: sarva-gītārtham upasaṃharati itīti | karma-yogasyāṣṭāṅga-yogasya jñāna-yogasya ca jñānaṃ jñāyate 'neneti jñānaṃ jñāna-śāstraṃ guhyād guhyataram ity atirahasyatvāt kair api vaśiṣṭa-bādarāyaṇa-nāradādyair api sva-sva-kṛta-śāstreṇāprakāśitam[*ENDNOTE] | yad vā, teṣāṃ sārvajñyam āpekṣikaṃ mama tu ātyantikam ity atas te tu etad atiguhyatvān na jānanti | mayāpi atiguhyatvād eva te sarvathaiva naitad upadiṣṭā iti bhāvaḥ | etad aśeṣeṇa niḥśeṣataḥ eva vimṛśya, yathā yena prakāreṇa svābhirucitaṃ, yat[*ENDNOTE] kartum icchasi tathā tat kuru, ity antyaṃ jñāna-ṣaṭkaṃ sampūrṇam | ṣaṭka-trikam idaṃ sarva-vidyā-śiro-ratnaṃ śrī-gītā-śāstraṃ mahānarghya-rahasyatama-bhakti-sampuṭaṃ bhavati | prathamaṃ karma-ṣaṭkaṃ yasyādhāra-pidhānaṃ kānakaṃ
bhavati | antyaṃ jñāna-ṣaṭkaṃ yasyottara-pidhānaṃ maṇi-jaṭitaṃ kānakaṃ bhavati | tayor madhyavarti-ṣaṭka-gatā bhaktis trijagad-anarghyā śrī-kṛṣṇa-vaśīkāriṇī mahāmaṇi-matallikā virājate, yasyāḥ paricārikā tad-uttara-pidhānārdha-gatā man-manā bhava ity ādi padya-dvayī catuḥ-ṣaṣṭhy-akṣarā śuddhā bhavatīti budhyate ||63||
Baladeva: śāstram upasaṃharann āha itīti | iti pūrvokta-prakārakaṃ jñānaṃ gītā-śāstram jñāyante karma-bhakti-jñānāny anena iti nirukteḥ | tan-mayā te tubhyam ākhyātaṃ samproktam | guhyād rahasya-mantrādi-śāstrād guhyataram iti gopyam | etac chāstra-śeṣeṇa sāmastyena vimṛśya paścād yathecchasi tathā kuru | etasmin paryālocite tava moha-vināśo mad-vacasi sthitiś ca bhaviṣyatīti ||63||
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BhG 18.64
sarvaguhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ |
iṣṭosi me dṛḍham iti tato vakṣyāmi te hitam ||64||
Śrīdhara: ati-gambhīraṃ gītā-śāstram aśeṣataḥ paryālocayitum aśaknuvataḥ kṛpayā svayam eva tasya sāraṃ saṅgṛhya kathayati sarva-guhyatamam iti tribhiḥ | sarvebhyo 'pu guhyebhyo guhyatamaṃ me vacas tatra tatroktam api bhūyaḥ punar api vakṣyamaṇaṃ śṛṇu | punaḥ punaḥ kathane hetum āha dṛḍham atyantaṃ me mama tvam iṣṭaḥ priyo 'sīti matvā tata eva hetos te hitaṃ vakṣyāmi | yad vā tvaṃ mameṣṭo 'si mayā vakṣyamāṇaṃ ca dṛḍhaṃ sarva-pramāṇopetam iti niścitya tatas te vakṣyāmīty arthaḥ | dṛḍha-matir iti kecit paṭhanti ||64||
Viśvanātha: tataś ca atigambhīrārthaṃ gītā-śāstraṃ paryālocayitum pravartamānaṃ tuṣṇīmbhūyaiva sthitaṃ sva-priya-sakham arjunam ālakṣya kṛpā-dravac-citta-nava-nīto bhagavān bhoḥ priyavayasya arjuna sarva-śāstra-sāram aham eva ślokāṣṭakena bravīmi | alaṃ te tat-tat-paryālocana-kleśenety āha sarveti | bhūya iti rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhyādhyāyānte pūrvam uktam |
man-manā bhava mad-bhakto
mad-yājī māṃ namaskuru |
mām evaiṣyasi yuktvaivam
ātmānaṃ mat-parāyaṇaḥ || (Gītā 9.34) iti
yat tad eva paramaṃ sarva-śāstrārtha-sārasya gītā-śāstrasyāpi sāraṃ guhyatamam iti nātaḥ paraṃ kiñcana guhyam asti kvacit kutaścit katham api akhaṇḍam iti bhāvaḥ | punaḥ kathane hetum āha | iṣṭo 'si me dṛḍham atiśayena eva priyo me sakhā bhavasīti tata eva hetor hitaṃ te iti sakhāyaṃ vinātirahasyaṃ na kam api kaścid api brūta iti bhāvaḥ | dṛḍha-matir iti ca pāṭhaḥ ||64||
Baladeva: atha nirapekṣāṇāṃ sādhana-sādhya-paddhatim upadeksyann ādau tāṃ stauti sarveti | sarveṣu guhyeṣu madhye 'tiśayitaṃ guhyam iti sarva-guhyatamam | bhūya iti rāja-vidyādhyāye man-manā bhava ity ādinā pūrvam api mamātipriyatvād ante punar ucyamānaṃ śṛṇu paramaṃ sarva-sārasyāpi gītā-śāstrasya sārabhūtam | punaḥ kathanena hetuḥ iṣṭo 'sīti | tvaṃ mameṣṭaḥ priyatamo 'si | mad-vākyaṃ dṛḍhaṃ nikhila-pramāṇopetam iti niścinoṣy atas te hitaṃ vakṣyāmi | tathāpy etad evānuṣṭheyam iti bhāvaḥ ||64|| __________________________________________________________
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BhG 18.65
manmanā bhava madbhakto madyājī māṃ namaskuru |
mām evaiṣyasi satyaṃ te pratijāne priyosi me ||65||
Śrīdhara: tad evam āha man-manā iti | man-manā mac-citto bhava | mad-bhakto mad-bhajana-śīlo bhava | mad-yājī mad-yajana-śīlo bhava | mām eva namaskuru evaṃ vartamānas tvaṃ mat-prasādāt labdha-jñānena mām evaiṣyasi prāpsyasi | atra ca saṃśayaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | tvaṃ hi me priyo 'si | atha satyaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ tubhyam ahaṃ pratijāne pratijñāṃ karomi ||65||
Viśvanātha: manmanā bhava iti mad-bhaktaḥ sann eva māṃ cintaya | na tu jñānī yogī vā bhūtvā mad-dhyānaṃ kurv ity arthaḥ | yad vā man-manā bhava mahyaṃ śyāmasundarāya susnigdhākuñcita-kuntalakāya-sundara-bhrū-valli-madhura-kṛpā-kaṭākṣāmṛta-varṣi-vadana-candrāya svīyaṃ deyatvena mano yasya tathābhūto bhava | athavā śrotrādīndriyāṇi dehīty āha mad-bhakto bhava | śravaṇa-kīrtana-man-mūrti-darśana-man-mandira-mārjana-lepana-puspāharaṇa-man-mālālaṅkāra-cchatra-cāmarādibhiḥ sarvendriya-karaṇakaṃ mad-bhajanaṃ kuru | athavā mahyaṃ gandha-puṣpa-dhūpa-dīpa-naivedyāni dehīty āha mad-yājī bhava | mat-pūjanaṃ kuru | athavā mahyaṃ namaskāra-mātraṃ dehīty āha māṃ namaskuru bhūmau nipatya aṣṭāṅgaṃ vā praṇāmaṃ kuru | eṣāṃ caturṇāṃ
mac-cintana-sevana-pūjana-praṇāmāṇāṃ samuccayam ekataraṃ vā tvaṃ kuru | mām evaiṣyasi prāpsyasi manaḥ-pradānaṃ śrotrādīndriya-pradānaṃ gandha-puṣpādi-pradānaṃ vā tvaṃ kuru | tubhyam aham ātmānam eva dāsyāmīti satyaṃ | te tavaiva | nātra saṃśayiṣṭhā iti bhāvaḥ | satyaṃ śapatha-tathyayoḥ ity amaraḥ |
nanu māthura-deśodbhūtā lokāḥ prativākyam eva śapathaṃ kurvanti satyaṃ tarhi pratijāne pratijñāṃ kṛtvā bravīmi | tvaṃ me priyo 'si nahi priyaṃ ko 'pi vañcayait iti bhāvaḥ ||65||
Baladeva: etad-vacaḥ prāha manmanā bhaveti | vyākhyātaṃ prāk man-manastvād viśiṣṭo mām eva nīlotpala-śyāmalatvādi-guṇakaṃ tvad-atipriyam devakī-nandanaṃ kṛṣṇam eva manuṣya-sanniveśitam eṣyasi | na tu mama rūpāntaraṃ sahasra-śīrṣatvādi-lakṣaṇam aṅguṣṭha-mātram antaryāmiṇaṃ vā nṛsiṃha-varāhādi-lakṣaṇaṃ vety arthaḥ | tubhyam aham ātmānam eva tvat-sakhaṃ dāsyāmīti te tava satyaṃ śapathaḥ satyaṃ śapatha-tathyayoḥ iti nānārthavargaḥ | atra na saṃśayiṣṭhā iti bhāvaḥ |
nanu māthuratvāt tava śapatha-karaṇād api me na saṃśaya-vināśas tatrāha pratijāne pratijñāṃ kṛtvāham abruvam | yat tvaṃ me priyo 'si snigdha-manasā hi māthurāḥ priyaṃ na pratārayanti | kiṃ punaḥ preṣṭham iti bhāvaḥ | yasya mayy atiprītas tasmin mamāpi tathā | tad-viyogaṃ soḍhum ahaṃ na śaknomīti pūrvam eva mayoktaṃ priyo hi ityādinā | tasmān mad-vāci viśvasihi mām eva prāpsyasi ||65||
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BhG 18.66
sarvadharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja |
ahaṃ tvā sarvapāpebhyo mokṣyayiṣyāmi mā śucaḥ ||66||
Śrīdhara: tato 'pi guhyatamam āha sarveti | mad-bhaktyaiva sarvaṃ bhaviṣyatīti dṛḍha-viśvāsena vidhi-kaiṅkaryaṃ tyaktvā mad-eka-śaraṇaṃ bhava | evaṃ vartamānaḥ karma-tyāga-nimittaṃ pāpaṃ syād iti mā śucaḥ mokṣaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yatas tvaṃ mad-eka-śaraṇaṃ sarva-pāpebhyo 'haṃ mokṣayiṣyāmi ||66||
Viśvanātha: nanu tad-dhyānādikaṃ yat karomi tat kiṃ svāśrama-dharmānuṣṭhāna-pūrvakaṃ vā, kevalaṃ vā ? tatrāha sarva-dharmān varṇāśrama-dharmān sarvān eva parityajya ekaṃ mām eva śaraṇaṃ vraja | parityajya sannyasyeti na vyākhyeyam arjunasya kṣatriyatvena sannyāsādhikārāt na cārjunaṃ lakṣīkṛtyānya-jana-samudāyam evopadideśa bhagavān iti vācyam | lakṣyabhūtam arjunaṃ prati upadeśaṃ yojayitum aucitye saty evānyasyāpi upadeṣṭavyatvaṃ sambhaven na, tv anyathā na ca parityjyety asya phala-tyāga eva tātparyam iti vyākhyeyam asya vākyasya -
devarṣi-bhūtāpta-nṝṇāṃ pitṝṇāṃ
nāyaṃ kiṅkaro nāyam ṛṇī ca rājan |
sarvātmanā yaḥ śaraṇaṃ śaraṇyaṃ
gato mukundaṃ parihṛtya kartam || (BhP 11.5.41)
martyo yadā tyakta-samasta-karmā
niveditātmā vicikīrṣito me |
tadāmṛtatvaṃ pratipadyamāno
mayātma-bhūyāya ca kalpate vai || (BhP 11.29.32)
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta
na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā
śraddhā yāvan na jāyate || (BhP 11.20.9)
ājñāyaiva guṇān doṣān
mayādiṣṭān api svakān |
dharmān santyajya yaḥ sarvān
māṃ bhajet sa ca sattamaḥ || (BhP 11.11.37)
ity ādibhir bhagavad-vākyaiḥsahaikārthasyāvaśya-vyākhyeyatvāt | atra ca pari-śabda-prayogāc ca | ata ekaṃ māṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja, na tu dharma-jñāna-yoga-devatāntarādikam ity arthaḥ | pūrvaṃ hi mad-anya-bhaktau sarva-śreṣṭhāyāṃ tavādhikāro nāstīty atas tvaṃ yat karoṣi yad aśnāsītyādi-bruvāṇena mayā karma-miśrāyāṃ bhaktau tavādhikāra uktaḥ | samprati tv atikṛpayā tubhyam ananya-bhaktau evādhikāras tasyā ananya-bhakter yādṛcchika-mad-aikāntika-bhakta-kṛpaika-labhyatva-lakṣaṇaṃ niyamaṃ sva-kṛtam api bhīṣma-yuddhe sva-pratijñām ivāpanīya datta iti bhāvaḥ | na ca mad-ājñayā nitya-naimittika-karma-tyāge tava prayavāya-śaṅkā sambhavet | veda-rūpeṇa mayaiva nitya-karmānuṣṭhānam ādiṣṭam adhunā tu svarūpeṇaiva tat-tyāga ādiśyate ity ataḥ kathaṃ te nitya-karmākaraṇe
pāpāni sambhavanti ? pratyuta ataḥ paraṃ nitya-karmaṇi kṛta eva pāpāni bhaviṣyanti sākṣān mad-ājñā-laṅghanād ity avadheyam |
nanu yo hi yac-charaṇo bhavati, sa hi mūlya-krītaḥ paśur iva tad-adhīnaḥ | sa taṃ yat kārayati, tad eva karoti | yatra sthāpayati tatraiva tiṣṭhati | yad bhojayati, tad eva bhuṅkte iti śaraṇāpatti-lakṣaṇasya dharmasya tattvam | yad uktaṃ vāyu-purāṇe -
ānukūlyasya saṅkalpaḥ prātikūlyasya varjanaṃ |
rakṣiṣyatīti viśvāso goptṛtve[*ENDNOTE] varaṇaṃ tathā |
niḥkṣepanam akārpaṇyaṃ[*ENDNOTE] ṣaḍ-vidhā śaraṇāgatiḥ || iti |
bhakti-śāstra-vihitā svābhīṣṭa-devāya rocamānā pravṛttir ānukūlyaṃ tad-viparītaṃ prātikūlyam | goptṛtve iti sa eva mama rakṣako nānya iti yat | rakṣiṣyatīti sva-rakṣaṇa-prātikūlya-vastuṣūpasthiteṣv api sa māṃ rakṣiṣyaty eveti draupadī-gajendrādīnām iva viśvāsaḥ | niḥkṣepanaṃ svīya-sthūla-sūkṣma-deha-sahitasya eva svasya śrī-kṛṣṇārtha eva viniyogaḥ | akārpaṇyaṃ nānyatra kvāpi sva-dainya-jñāpanam iti ṣaṇṇāṃ vastūnāṃ vidhātr-anuṣṭhānaṃ yasyāṃ sā śaraṇāgatir iti |
tad adyārabhya yady ahaṃ tvāṃ śaraṇaṃ gata eva varte tarhi tva-uktaṃ bhadram abhadraṃ vā yad bhavet tad eva mama kartavyam | tatra yadi tvaṃ māṃ dharmam eva kārayasi tadā na kācic cintā | yadi tv īśvaratvāt svairācāras tvaṃ mām adharmam eva kārayasi, tadā kā gatis tatrāha aham iti | prācīnārvācīnāni yāvanti vartante yāvanti vā ahaṃ kārayiṣyāmi tebhyaḥ sarvebhya eva pāpebhyo mokṣayiṣyāmi | nāham anya-śaraṇya iva tatrāsamartha iti bhāvaḥ |
tvām alambyaiva śāstram idaṃ loka-mātram evopadiṣṭavān asmi | mā śucaḥ svārthaṃ parārthaṃ vā śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yuṣmad-ādikaṃ sarva eva lokaḥ sva-para-dharmān sarvān eva parityajya mac-cintanādi-paro māṃ śaraṇam āpadya sukhenaiva vartatām | tasya pāpa-mocana-bhāraḥ saṃsāra-mocana-bhāro 'pi mayāṅgīkṛta eva |
ananyāś cintayanto māṃ
ye janāḥ paryupāsate |
teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ
yoga-kṣemaṃ vahāmy aham || (Gītā 9.22) iti |
hanta etāvān bhāro mayā sva-prabhau nikṣipta ity api śokaṃ mākārṣīr bhakta-vatsalasya mama na tatrāyāsa-leśo 'pīti nātaḥ param adhikam upadeṣṭavyam astīti śāstraṃ samāptīkṛtam ||66||
Baladeva: nanu yajana-praṇaty-ādis tava śuddhā bhaktiḥ prāktana-karma-rūpānanta-pāpa-malina-hṛdā puṃsā kathaḥ śakyā kartuṃ yāvat tvad-bhakti-virodhīni tāny anantāni pāpāni kṛcchrādi-prāyaścittaiḥ savihitaiś ca dharmair na vinaśyeyur iti cet tatrāha - sarveti | prāktana-pāpa-prāyaścitta-bhūtān kṛcchrādīn sa-vihitāṃś ca sarvān dharmān parityajya svarūpatas tyaktvā māṃ sarveśvaraṃ kṛṣṇaṃ nṛsiṃha-dāśarathy-ādi-rūpeṇa bahudhāvirbhūtaṃ viśuddha-bhakti-gocaraṃ santam avidyā-paryanta-sarva-kāma-vināśam ekaṃ, na tu matto 'nyaṃ śiti-kaṇṭhādiṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja prapadyasva | śaraṇyaḥ sarveśvaro 'haṃ sarva-pāpebhyo prāktana-karmabhyas tvāṃ śaraṇāgataṃ mokṣayiṣyāmīti mithaḥ-kartavyatā darśitā | tvaṃ mā śucaḥ | acirāyuṣā mayā hṛd-viśuddham
icchatāticira-sādhyā duṣkarāś ca te kṛcchrādayaḥ katham anuṣṭheyā iti śokaṃ mā kārṣīr ity arthaḥ |
atra mat-prapattur na bhaved ity uktam | śrutiś caivam āha - na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaivke 'mṛtatvam ānaśuḥ iti | śraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yogād avaitīti caivam ādyā | saniṣṭhānāṃ hṛd-viśuddhaye pariniṣṭhitānāṃ ca loka-saṅgrahāya yathāyathaṃ kāryās te dharmaḥ | tam etam ity ādibhyaḥ satyena labhyas tapasā hy eṣa ātmā ity ādibhyaś ca śrutibhyaḥ |
na ca vihita-tyāge pratyavāya-lakṣaṇaṃ pāpaṃ syād iti śokaṃ mā kurv iti vyākhyeyam | veda-nideśenāgni-hotrādi-tyāge yater iva pareśānideśena tat-tyāge tat-prapattus tad-ayogāt | pratyuta tan-nideśātikrame doṣāpattiḥ syāt | na ca svarūpato vihita-tyāge pratyavāyāpatteḥ | sarvāṇi dharma-phalānīti vyākhyeyam | phala-tyāge tad-anāpatteḥ | tasmāt prapannasya svarūpato dharma-tyāgaḥ | na ca na hi kvacit ity ādi nyāyena svadharmānuṣṭhānāpattis tad-yajanādi-niratasya tena nyāyena tad-anāpatteḥ | tathā ca sanniṣṭhasyātmānubhavāntaḥpariniṣṭhitasya ca parātmānubhavānto yathā dharmācāras tathā prapattuḥ śuddhāntaḥ sa iti evam evoktam ekādaśe -
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta
na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā
śraddhā yāvan na jāyate || (BhP 11.20.9) iti |
eṣā śaraṇāgatiḥ śabditā prapattiḥ ṣaḍ-aṅgikā --
ānukūlyasya saṅkalpaḥ prātikūlyasya varjanaṃ |
rakṣiṣyatīti viśvāso goptṛtve varaṇaṃ tathā |
ātma-nikṣepa-kārpaṇye ṣaḍ-vidhā śaraṇāgatiḥ || iti vāyu-purāṇāt |
bhakti-śāstra-vihitā haraye rocamānā pravṛttir ānukūlyam | tad-viparītaṃ tu prātikūlyam | ātma-nikṣepaḥ śaraṇye tasmin sva-bhara-nyāsaḥ | kārpaṇyam anugharṣaḥ | nikṣepaṇam akārpaṇyam iti kvacit pāṭhaḥ | tatra kārpaṇyaṃ tato 'nyasmin svadainya-prakāśaḥ | sphuṭam anyat ||66||
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BhG 18.67
idaṃ te nātapaskāya nābhaktāya kadācana |
na cāśuśrūṣave vācyaṃ na ca māṃ yobhyasūyati ||67||
Śrīdhara: evaṃ gītārtha-tattvam upadiśya tat-sampradāya-pravartane niyamam āha idam iti | idaṃ gītārtha-tattvaṃ te tvayā atapaskāya dharmānuṣṭhāna-hīnāya na vācyam | na ca abhaktāya gurāv īśvare ca bhakti-śūnyāya kadācid api na vācyaṃ na cāśuśrūṣave paricaryām akurvate vācyam | māṃ parameśvaraṃ yo 'bhyasūyati manuṣya-dṛṣṭyā doṣāropeṇa nindati tasmai na ca vācyam ||67||
Viśvanātha: evaṃ gītā-śāstram upadiśya sampradāya-pravartane niyamam āha idam iti | atapaskāya asaṃyatendriyāya manaś cendriyāṇāṃ ca aikāgryaṃ paramaṃ tapaḥ iti smṛteḥ | saṃyatendriye saty api abhaktāya na vācyam | saṃyatendriyatvādi-dharma-traya-vattve 'pi yo mām abhyasūyati mayi nirupādhi-pūrṇa-brahmaṇi māyā-sāvarṇya-doṣam āropayati tasmai sarvathaiva na vācyam ||67||
Baladeva: atha svopadiṣṭaṃ gītā-śāstraṃ pātrebhyaḥ eva na tv apātrebhyo deyam iti upadiśati idam iti | idaṃ śāstraṃ te tvayātapaskāya ajitendriyāya na vācyam | tapasvine 'py abhaktāya śāstropadeṣṭari tvayi śāstra-pratipādye mayi ca sarveśa-bhakti-śūnyāya na vācyam | tapasvine 'pi bhaktāyāśuśrūṣave śrotum anicchave na vācyam | yo māṃ sarveśvaraṃ nitya-guṇa-vigraham abhyasūyati mayi māyika-guṇa-vigrahatām āropayati, tasmai tu naiva vācyam ity ato bhinnayā vibhaktyā tasya nirdeśaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ anāviṣkurvann anvayāt iti (Vs 3.4.50) ||67||
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BhG 18.68
ya idaṃ paramaṃ guhyaṃ madbhakteṣv abhidhāsyati |
bhaktiṃ mayi parāṃ kṛtvā mām evaiṣyaty asaṃśayaḥ ||68||
Śrīdhara: etair doṣair virahitebhyo gītā-śāstropadeṣṭuḥ phalam āha ya iti | mad-bhakteṣv abhidhāsyati mad-bhaktebhyo ya vakṣyati | sa mayi parāṃ bhaktiṃ karoti tato niḥsaṃśayaḥ san mām eva prāpnotīty arthaḥ ||68||
Viśvanātha: etad upadeṣṭuḥ phalam āha ya iti dvābhyām | parāṃ bhaktiṃ kṛtveti prathamaṃ parama-bhakti-prāptiḥ | tato mat-prāptiḥ | etad upadeṣṭur bhavati ||68||
Baladeva: śāstropadeṣṭuḥ phalam āha ya iti | etad upadeṣṭur ādau mat-para-bhakti-lābhas tato mat-pada-lābho bhavati ||68||
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BhG 18.69
na ca tasmān manuṣyeṣu kaścin me priyakṛttamaḥ |
bhavitā na ca me tasmād anyaḥ priyataro bhuvi ||69||
Śrīdhara: kiṃ ca na ceti | tasmān mad-bhaktebhyo gītā-śāstra-vyākhyātuḥ sakāśād anyo manuṣyeṣu madhye kaścid api mama priya-kṛttamo 'tyantaṃ paritoṣa-kartā nāsti | na ca kālāntare bhavitā bhaviṣyati mamāpi tasmād anyaḥ priyataro 'dhunā bhuvi tāvan nāsti | na ca kālāntare 'pi bhaviṣyatīty arthaḥ ||69||
Viśvanātha: tasmād upadeṣṭuḥ sakāśāt anyo 'tipriyaṅkaro 'tipriyaś ca nāsti ||69||
Baladeva: na ceti | tasmād gītopadeṣṭuḥ sakāśād anyo manuṣyeṣu madhye mama priya-kṛttamaḥ paritoṣa-kartā pūrvaṃ nābhūn na ca bhaviṣyati | mama tasmād anyaḥ priyataro bhuvi nābhūn na ca bhaviṣyati ||69||
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BhG 18.70
adhyeṣyate ca ya imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃvādam āvayoḥ |
jñānayajñena tenāham iṣṭaḥ syām iti me matiḥ ||70||
Śrīdhara : paṭhataḥ phalam āha adhyeṣyata iti | āvayoḥ śrī-kṛṣṇārjunayor imaṃ dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ saṃvādaṃ yo 'dhyeṣyate japa-rūpeṇa paṭhiṣyati tena puṃsā sarva-yajñebhyaḥ śreṣṭhena jñāna-yajñena aham iṣṭaḥ syāṃ bhaveyam iti me matiḥ | yady apy asau gītārtham abudhyamāna eva kevalaṃ japati | tathāpi mama tac chṛṇvato mām evāsau prakāśayatīti buddhir bhavati | yathā loke yaṛcchayāpi yadā kaścit kadācit kasyacit nāma gṛhṇāti tadāsau mām evāyam āhavayatīti matvā tat-pārśvam āgacchati | tathāham apitasya sannihito bhaveyam | ataeva ajāmila-kṣatra-bandhu-pramukhānāṃ kathañcin nāmoccāraṇa-mātreṇa prasanno 'smi | tathaiva asyāpi prasanno bhaveyam iti bhāvaḥ ||70||
Viśvanātha : etad adhayana-phalam āha adhyeṣyata iti ||70||
Baladeva : atha śāstrādhyetuḥ phalam āha adhyeṣyate ceti | atra yo jñāna-yajño varṇitas tenāham etat-pāṭha-mātreṇaiveṣṭo 'bhyarcitaḥ syām iti me matirs tasyāhaṃ sulabha ity arthaḥ | __________________________________________________________
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BhG 18.71
śraddhāvān anasūyaś ca śṛṇuyād api yo naraḥ |
sopi muktaḥ śubhāṃl lokān prāpnuyāt puṇyakarmaṇām ||71||
Śrīdhara : anyasya japato yo 'nyaḥ kaścit śṛṇoti tasyāpi phalam āha śraddhāvān iti | yo naraḥ śraddhā-yuktaḥ kevalaṃ śṛṇuyād api śraddhāvān api yaḥ kaścit kim artham uccair japati abaddhaḥ vā japatīti vā doṣa-dṛṣṭiṃ karoti tad-vyāvṛtty-artham āha anasūyaś cāsūya-rahito yaḥ śṛṇuyāt so 'pi sarvaiḥ pāpair muktaḥ sann aśvamedhādi-puṇya-kṛtāṃ lokān prāpnuyāt ||71||
Viśvanātha : etac-chravaṇa-phalam āha śraddhāvān iti ||71||
Baladeva : śrotuḥ phalam āha śraddheti | yaḥ kevalaṃ śraddhayā śṛṇoti anasūyaḥ kim artham uccair aśuddhaṃ vā paṭhatīti doṣa-dṛṣṭim akurvan so 'pi nikhilaiḥ pāpair muktaḥ puṇya-karmaṇām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān prāpnuyāt | yad vā puṇya-karmaṇāṃ bhaktimatāṃ lokān dhruva-lokādīn vaikuṇṭha-bhedān ity arthaḥ ||71||
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BhG 18.72
kaccid etac chrutaṃ pārtha tvayaikāgreṇa cetasā |
kaccid ajñānasaṃmohaḥ pranaṣṭas te dhanaṃjaya ||72||
Śrīdhara : samyag bodhānupapattau punar upadekṣyāmīty āśayenāha kaccid iti | kaccid it praśnārthaḥ | kaccid ajñāna-saṃmohas tattvājñāna-kṛto viparyayaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||72 ||
Viśvanātha : samyag bodhānupapattau punar upadekṣyāmīty āśayenāha kaccid iti ||72||
Baladeva : evaṃ śāstraṃ tad-vācanādi-māhātmyaṃ coktam | atha śāstrārthāvadhāna-tad-anubhavo pṛcchati kaccid iti | praśnārthe 'vyayam | samyag-anubhavānudaye punar apy etad upadekṣyāmīti bhāvaḥ ||72||
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BhG 18.73
arjuna uvāca
naṣṭo mohaḥ smṛtir labdhā tvatprasādān mayācyuta |
sthitosmi gatasaṃdehaḥ kariṣye vacanaṃ tava ||73||
Śrīdhara : kṛtārthaḥ sann arjuna uvāca naṣṭa iti | ātma-viṣaye moho naṣṭaḥ yato 'yam aham asmīti svarūpānusandhāna-rūpā smṛtis tvat-prasādān mayā labdhā | ataḥ sthito 'smi yuddhāyotthito 'smi, gataḥ dharma-viṣayaḥ sandeho yasya so 'haṃ tava ājñāṃ kariṣye iti ||73||
Viśvanātha : kim ataḥ paraṃ pṛcchāmy ahaṃ tu sarva-dharmān parityajya tvāṃ śaraṇaṃ gato niścinta eva tvayi viśrambhavān asmīty āha naṣṭa iti | kariṣya ity ataḥ paraṃ śaraṇasya tavājñāyāṃ sthitir eva śaraṇāpannasya mama dharmaḥ | na tu svāśrama-dharmo na tu jñāna-yogādaraḥ | te tv adyārabhya tyaktvā eva | tataś ca bhoḥ priyasakha arjuna mama bhū-bhāra-haraṇe kiñcid avaśiṣṭaṃ kṛtyam asti | tat tu tad-dvāraiva cikīrṣāmīti bhagavatokte gati gāṇḍīva-pāṇir arjuno yoddhum udatiṣṭhād iti ||73||
Baladeva : evaṃ pṛṣṭaḥ pārthaḥ śāstrānubhavaṃ phala-dvāreṇāha naṣṭa iti | moho viparīta-jñāna-lakṣaṇaḥ mama naṣṭas tvat-prasādād eva smṛtiś ca yathāvasthita-vastu-niṣṭhayā mayā labdhā | ahaṃ gata-sandehaś chinna-saṃśayaḥ sthito 'dhunāsmi | tava vacanaṃ kariṣye | etad uktaṃ bhavati - deva-mānavādayo nikhilāḥ prāṇinaḥ sarve sva-sva-karmasu svatantrā dehābhimānino māna-vairarcitā devās tebhyo 'bhīṣṭa-pradāḥ | yas tv īśvaraḥ ko 'py asti | sa hi nirguṇo nirākṛtir udāsīnas tat-sannidhānāt prakṛtir jagad-dhetur ity evaṃ viparīta-jñāna-lakṣaṇo yo mohaḥ pūrvaṃ mamābhūt | sa tvad-upalabdhād upadeśād vinaṣṭaḥ | parākhya-svarūpa-śaktimān vijñānānanda-mūrtiḥ sārvajñya-sārvaiśvarya-satya-saṅkalpādi-guṇa-ratnākaro bhakta-suhṛt sarveśvaraḥ
prakṛti-jīva-kālākhya-śaktibhiḥ saṅkalpa-mātreṇa jīva-karmānuguṇo vicitra-sarga-kṛt sva-bhaktebhyaḥ sva-paryanta-sarva-prado 'kiñcana-bhakta-vittaḥ | sa ca tvam eva mat-sakho vasudeva-sūnur iti tāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ mamābhūt | ataḥ paraṃ tvām ahaṃ prapannaḥ sthito 'smi | tvaṃ māṃ kadācid api na tyakṣyasīti sandehaś ca me chinnaḥ | atha bhūbhāra-haraṇaṃ sva-prayojanaṃ cet prapannena mayā cikīrṣitaṃ tarhi tad-vacanaṃ tava kariṣyāmīty arjuno dhanuḥ-pāṇir udatiṣṭhad iti ||73|| __________________________________________________________
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BhG 18.74
sañjaya uvāca
ity ahaṃ vāsudevasya pārthasya ca mahātmanaḥ |
saṃvādam imam aśrauṣam adbhutaṃ romaharṣaṇam ||74||
Śrīdhara : tad evaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ prati śrī-kṛṣṇārjuna-saṃvādaṃ kathayitvā prastutāṃ kathām anusandadhānaḥ sañjaya uvāca itīti | lomaharṣaṇaṃ lomāñca-karaṃ saṃvādam aśrauṣaṃ śrutavān ahaṃ | spaṣṭam anyat ||74||
Viśvanātha : ataḥ paraṃ pañca-śloka-vyākhyā sarva-gītārtha-tātparya-niṣkarṣe 'ntima-ślokā yatra vartante tāṃ patra-dvayīṃ vināyakaḥ sva-vāhanenādhunā hṛtavān ity ataḥ punar nālikham | tāṃ tan-mātra-vādām | sa prasīdatu tasmai namaḥ | iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkā sārārtha-darśinī samāptī-bhūtā satāṃ prītaye 'stād iti
sārārthavarṣiṇī viśva-janīnā bhakta-cātakān |
mādhurī dhinutād asyā mādhurī bhātu me hṛdi ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsv aṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||
iti śrīla-Viśvanātha-cakravarti-ṭhakkura-kṛtā sārārthavarṣiṇī ṭīkā samāptā ||74-78||
Baladeva : samāptaḥ śāstrārthaḥ | atha kathā-sambandham anusandadhānaḥ sañjayo dhṛtarāṣṭram uvāca ity aham iti | adbhutaṃ cetaso vimaya-karaṃ lokeṣv asambhāvyamānatvāt | romaharṣaṇam dehe pulaka-janakam ||74||
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BhG 18.75
vyāsaprasādāc chrutavān etad guhyam ahaṃ param |
yogaṃ yogeśvarāt kṛṣṇāt sākṣāt kathayataḥ svayam ||75||
Śrīdhara : ātmanas tac-chravaṇe sambhāvanām āha vyāsa-prasādād iti | bhagavatā vyāsena divyaṃ cakṣuḥ śrotrādi machyaṃ dattam ato vyāsasya prasādāt etat ahaṃ śrutavān asmi | kiṃ tad ity apekṣāyām āha paraṃ yogaṃ | paratvaṃ āviṣkaroti yogeśvarāt śrī-kṛṣṇāt svayam eva sākṣāt kathayataḥ śrutavān iti ||75||
Baladeva : vyavahita-tat-saṃvāda-śravaṇe sva-yogyatām āha vyāseti | vyāsa-prasādāt tad-datta-divya-cakṣuḥ-śrotrādi-lābha-rūpād etad guhyaṃ śrutavān | kim etad ity āha param yogam iti | karma-yogaṃ jñāna-yogaṃ bhakti-yogaṃ cety arthaḥ | paratvaṃ sampādayati yogeśvarād iti | deva-mānavādi-nikhila-prāṇināṃ svabhāvya-sambandho yogaḥ | teṣām adhīśān niyantuḥ svayaṃ-rūpāt kṛṣṇāt sva-mukhenaiva, na tu paramparayā kathayataḥ | śrutavān asmīti sva-bhāgyaṃ ślāghyate ||75||
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BhG 18.76
rājan saṃsmṛtya saṃsmṛtya saṃvādam imam adbhutam |
keśavārjunayoḥ puṇyaṃ hṛṣyāmi ca muhur muhuḥ ||76||
Śrīdhara : kiṃ ca rājann iti | hṛṣyāmi romāñcito bhavāmi harṣaṃ prāpnomīti vā | spaṣṭam anyat ||76||
Baladeva : rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra puṇyaṃ śrotur avidyā-paryanta-sarva-doṣa-haram | muhur muhuḥ prati-kṣaṇaṃ hṛṣyāmi romāñcito 'smi ||76||
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BhG 18.77
tac ca saṃsmṛtya saṃsmṛtya rūpam atyadbhutaṃ hareḥ |
vismayo me mahān rājan hṛṣyāmi ca punaḥ punaḥ ||77||
Śrīdhara : kiṃ ca tac ceti | viśva-rūpaṃ niridiśati | spaṣṭam anyat ||77||
Baladeva : tac ca viśva-rūpaṃ yad arjunāyopadiṣṭam ||77||
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BhG 18.78
yatra yogeśvaraḥ kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ |
tatra śrīr vijayo bhūtir dhruvā nītir matir mama ||78||
Śrīdhara : atas tvaṃ putrāṇāṃ rājyādi-śaṅkā parityajety āśayenāha yatreti | yatra yeṣāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ pakṣe yogeśvaraḥ śrī-kṛṣṇo vartate, yatra ca pārthaḥ gāṇḍīva-dhanur-dharas tatraiva ca śrī rāja-lakṣmīs tatraiva niściteti sambadhyate iti mama matir niścayaḥ | ata idānīm api tāvat saputras tvaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ śaraṇam upetya pāṇḍavān prasādya sarvaṃ ca tebhyo nivedya putra-prāṇa-rakṣāṃ kuru iti bhāvaḥ |
bhagavad-bhakti-yuktasya
tat-prasādātma-bodhataḥ |
sukhaṃ bandha-vimuktiḥ syād
iti gītārtha-saṅgrahaḥ ||
tathā hi,
puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha
bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā | (Gītā 8.22)
bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakyas
tv aham evaṃvidho 'rjuna | (Gītā 11.54)
ity ādau bhagavad-bhakter mokṣaṃ prati sādhakatamatva-śravaṇāt tad-ekānta-bhaktir eva tat-prasādottha-jñānāvāntara-vyāpāra-mātra-yukto mokṣa-hetur iti sphuṭaṃ pratīyate | jñānasya ca bhakty-avāntara-vyāpāratvam eva yuktam -
teṣāṃ satata-yuktānāṃ
bhajatāṃ prīti-pūrvakam |
dadāmi buddhi-yogaṃ taṃ
yena mām upayānti te || (Gītā 10.10)
mad-bhakta etad vijñāya
mad-bhāvāyopapadyate |
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva
viddhy anādī ubhāv api || (Gītā 13.19)
na ca jñānam eva bhaktir iti yuktam | samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu mad-bhaktiṃ labhate parām (Gītā 18.54) | bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ || (Gītā 18.55) ity ādau bheda-darśanāt | na caivaṃ sati tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya iti śruti-virodhaḥ śaṅkanīyaḥ bhakty-avāntara-vyāpāratvāt jñānasya | na hi kāṣṭhaiḥ pacati ity ukte jvālānām asādhyanatvam uktaṃ bhavati | kiṃ ca
yasya deve parā bhaktir
yathā deve tathā gurau |
tasyaite kathitā hy arthāḥ
prakāśante mahātmanaḥ || (ŚvetU 6.23)
dehānte devaḥ paraṃ brahma
tārakaṃ vyacaṣṭe |
yam evaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhya ity ādi-śruti-smṛti-purāṇa-vacanāny evaṃ sati samañjasāni bhavanti | tasmāt bhagavad-bhaktir eva mokṣa-hetur iti siddham ||
tenaiva dattayā matyā tad-gītā-vivṛtiḥ kṛtā |
sa eva paramānandas tayā prīṇātu mādhavaḥ ||
paramānanda-pādābja-rajaḥ-śrīdhāriṇādhunā |
Śrīdhara-svāmi-yatinā kṛtā gītā-subodhinī ||
sva-prāgalbhya-balād vilobhya bhagavad-gītāṃ tad-antar-gatam
tattvaṃ prepsur upaiti kiṃ guru-kṛpā-pīyūṣa-dṛṣṭiṃ vinā |
ambu svāñjalinā nirasya jaladher āditsur antarmaṇī
nāvarteṣu na kiṃ nimajjati janaḥ sat-karṇa-dhāraṃ vinā ||
iti śrī-Śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ paramārtha-nirṇayo nāma aṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||78||
Baladeva: evaṃ ca sati sva-putra-vijayādi-spṛhāṃ parityajety āha yatreti | yatra yogeśvaraḥ pūrvaṃ vyākhyātaḥ sva-saṅkalpāyatta-svetara-sarva-prāṇi-svarūpa-sthiti-pravṛttikaḥ kṛṣṇo vasudeva-sūnuḥ sārathya-paryanta-sāhāyya-kāritayā vartate | yatra pārthas tvat-pitṛ-svasṛ-putro narāvatāraḥ kṛṣṇaikāntī dhanurdharo 'cchedya-gāṇḍīva-pāṇir vartate | tatraiva śrī-kṛṣṇārjunādhiṣṭhite yudhiṣṭhira-pakṣe śrī-rāja-lakṣmīḥ vijayaḥ śatru-paribhava-hetukaḥ paramotkarṣaḥ | bhūtir uttarottarā rāja-lakṣmī-vivṛddhiḥ | nītir nyāya-pravṛttir dhruvā sthireti sarvatra sambadhyate | yat tu yuddha-param etac chāstram iti śaṅkyate | tan na - man-manā bhava mad-bhakta ity ādeḥ, sarva-dharmān parityajya ity ādeś copadeśas tasmāc catūrṇāṃ varṇānām āśramāṇāṃ ca dharmā
hṛd-viśuddhi-hetutayā loka-saṅgrahārthatayā ceha nirūpitā ity eva suṣṭhu ||78||
upāyā bahavas teṣu prapattir dāsya-pūrvikā |
kṣipraṃ prasādanī viṣṇor ity aṣṭādaśato matam ||
pītaṃ yena yaśodā-stanyaṃ nītaṃ pārtha-sārathyam |
sphītaṃ sad-guṇa-vṛndais tad atra gītaṃ paraṃ tattvam ||
yad icchā-tariṃ prāpya gītāpayodhau
nyamajjaṃ gṛhītāti-citrārtha-ratnam |
na cottātum asmi prabhur harṣa-yogāt
sa me kautukī nanda-sūnuḥ priyastāt ||
śrīmad-gītā-bhūṣaṇaṃ nāma bhāṣyaṃ
yatnād vidyā-bhūṣaṇenopacīrṇam |
śrī-govinda-prema-mādhurya-lubdhāḥ
kāruṇyārdrāḥ sādhavaḥ śodhayadhvam ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye 'ṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
[*ENDNOTE] Text reads mā yat samaḥ.
[*ENDNOTE] Bishwas has agamya.
[*ENDNOTE] Quoted above in Viśvanātha's commentaries to
[*ENDNOTE] mama not in Bishwas edition, who also reads necchasīti.
[*ENDNOTE] BhG 18.61-66 are commented on extensively in Kṛṣṇa-sandarbha, para. 82 and Sarva-saṃvādinī.
[*ENDNOTE] This reference to the Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad. This exact text is not found there.
[*ENDNOTE] jagat sarvam in the text.
[*ENDNOTE] bhramayan not in Krishnadas edition.
[*ENDNOTE] Bishwas - śāstreṇa prakāśitam
[*ENDNOTE] Both texts read svābhirucitas tat, but this readings seems grammatically problematic.
[*ENDNOTE] Krishnadas gives bhartṛtve as an alternative reading both here and further down.
[*ENDNOTE] The usual reading is ātma-nikṣepa-kārpaṇye.
Bhagavad-gītā - chapter 18