Bhagavadgita 17
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
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BhG 17.1
ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ |
teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ ||1||
śrīdharaḥ :
uktādhikāra-hetūnāṃ śraddhā mukhyā tu sāttvikī |
iti saptadaśe gauṇa-śraddhā-bhedas tridhocyate ||
pūrvādhyāyānte yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-cārataḥ | na sa siddhim avāpnoti [Gītā 16.24] ity anena śāstrokta-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-cāreṇa vartamānasya jñāne 'dhikāro nāstīty uktam | tatra śāstram utsṛjya kāma-cāraṃ vinā śraddayā vartamānānāṃ kim adhikāro 'sti nāsti veti bubhutsayā 'rjuna uvāca ya iti | atra ca śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajanta ity anena śāstrārthaṃ buddhyā tam ullaṅghya vartamāno na gṛhyate | teṣāṃ śraddhayā yajanānupatteḥ | āstikya-buddhir hi śraddhā | na cāsau śāstra-viruddhe 'rthe śāstra-jñānavatāṃ sambhavati | tān evādhikṛtya trividhā bhavati śraddheti | yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādy uttarānupapatteś ca | ato nātra śāstrollaṅghino gṛhyante | api tu kleśa-buddhy-ālasyād vā śāstrārtha-jñāne prayatnam akṛtvā kevalam ācāra-paramparā-vaśena śraddhayā
kvacid devatārādhanādau pravartamānā gṛhyante | ato 'yam arthaḥ ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya duḥkha-buddhyālasya-dvārā anādṛtya kevalam ācāra-prāmāṇyena śraddhayā 'nvitāḥ santo yajante teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā | kā sthitiḥ | ka āśrayaḥ | tām eva viśeṣeṇa pṛcchati kiṃ sattvam | āho kiṃ vā rajaḥ | athavā tama iti | teṣāṃ tādṛśī deva-pūjādi-pravṛttiḥ kiṃ sattva-saṃśritā | rajaḥ-saṃśritā vā | tamaḥ-saṃśritā vety arthaḥ | śraddhāyāḥ sattva-saṃśritā tarhi teṣām api sāttvikatvād yathoktātma-jñāne 'dhikāraḥ syāt | anyathā neti praśna-tātparyārthaḥ ||1||
madhusūdanaḥ : trividhāḥ karmānuṣṭhātāro bhavanti | kecic chāstra-vidhiṃ jñātvāpy aśraddhayā tam utsṛjya kāma-kāra-mātreṇa yat kiṃcid anutiṣṭhanti te sarva-puruṣārthāyogyatvād asurāḥ | kecit tu śāstra-vidhiṃ jñātvā śraddadhānatayā tad-anusāreṇaiva niṣiddhaṃ varjayanto vihitam anutiṣṭhanti te sarva-puruṣārtha-yogyatvād devā iti pūrvādhyāyānte siddham | ye tu śāstrīyaṃ vidhim ālasyādi-vaśād upekṣya śraddadhānatayaiva vṛddha-vyavahāra-mātreṇa niṣiddhaṃ varjayanto vihitam anutiṣṭhanti | te śāstrīya-vidhy-upekṣā-lakṣaṇenānsura-sādharmyeṇa śraddhā-pūrvakānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇena ca deva-sādharmyeṇānvitāḥ kim asureṣv antarbhavanti kiṃ vā deveṣv ity ubhaya-dharma-darśanād eka-koṭi-niścāyakādarśanāc ca sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca ya iti |
ye pūrvādhyāye ta nirṇītā na devavac chāstrānusāriṇaḥ kintu śāstra-vidhiṃ śruti-smṛti-codanām utsṛjyālasyādi-vaśād anādṛtya nāsuravad aśraddadhānāḥ kiṃ tu vṛddha-vyavahārānusāreṇa śraddhayānvitā yajante deva-pūjādikaṃ kurvanti teṣāṃ tu śāstra-vidhy-upekṣā-śraddhābhyāṃ pūrva-niścita-devāsura-vilakṣaṇānāṃ niṣṭhā kā kīdṛśī teṣāṃ śāstra-vidhy-anapekṣā śraddhā-pūrvikā ca sā yajanādi-kriyā-vyavasthitiḥ | he kṛṣṇa bhaktāvakarṣaṇa ! kiṃ sattvaṃ sāttvikī | tathā sati sāttvikatvāt te devāḥ | āho iti pakṣāntare | kiṃ rajas tamo rājasī tāmsī ca | tathā sati rājasa-tāmasatvād asurās te sattvam ity ekā koṭiḥ | rajas tama ity aparā koṭir iti vibhāga-jñāpanāyāho-śabdaḥ ||17.1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
atha saptadaśe vastu sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ tathā |
tāmasaṃ ca vivicyoktaṃ pārtha-praśnottaraṃ yathā ||
nanv āsura-sargam uktvā tad-upasaṃhāre -
yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāmacārataḥ |
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim ||[Gītā 16.24]
iti tvayoktam | tatrāham idaṃ jijñāsa ity āha ya iti | ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-cārato vartante kintu kāma-bhoga-rahitā eva śraddhayānvitāḥ santo yajante taop-yajña-jñāna-yajña-japa-yajñādikaṃ kurvanti | teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ kim ālambanam ity arthaḥ | tat kiṃ sattvam | āho svit rajaḥ | athavā tamas tad brūhīty arthaḥ ||1||
baladevaḥ :
sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ vastu tāmasaṃ ca vivekataḥ |
kṛṣṇaḥ saptadaśe 'vādīt pārtha-praśnānusārataḥ ||
vedam adhītya tad-vidhinā tad-arthānutiṣṭhantaḥ śāstrīya-śraddhā-yuktā devāḥ | vedam avajñāya yathecchā-cāriṇo veda-bāhyās tv āsurā iti pūrvasminn adhyāye tvayoktam | atheyaṃ me jijñāsā ye śāstreti | ye janāḥ pāṭhato 'rthataś ca durgamaṃ vedaṃ viditvālasyādinā tad-vidhim utsṛjya lokācāra-jātayā śraddhayānvitāḥ santo devādīn yajante, teṣāṃ śāstra-vidhy-upekṣā-śraddhābhyāṃ pūrva-nirṇīta-daivāsura-vilakṣaṇānāṃ kā niṣṭhā | sattvaṃ saṃśrayā teṣāṃ sthitir athavā rajas tamaḥ saṃśrayeti koṭi-dvayāvabodhāyāho-śabdo madhye niveśitaḥ ||1||
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BhG 17.2
trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāvajā |
sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śṛṇu ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca trividheti | ayam arthaḥ śāstra-tattva-jñānataḥ pravartamānānāṃ parameśvara-pūjā-viṣayā sāttvikī ekavidhaiva bhavati śraddhā | lokācāra-mātreṇa tu pravartamānānāṃ dehināṃ yā śraddhā sā tu sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī ceti trividhā bhavati | tatra hetuḥ svabhāvajā | svabhāvaḥ pūrva-karma-saṃskāraḥ | tasmāj jātā | svabhāvam anyathā kartuṃ samarthaṃ śāstrotthaṃ viveka-jñānam | tat tu teṣāṃ nāsti | ataḥ kevalaṃ pūrva-svabhāvena bhavantī śraddhā trividhā bhavati | tām imāṃ trividhāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇv iti | tad uktaṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekeha kurunandana ity ādinā ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya śraddhayā yajante te śraddhā-bhedād bhidyante | tatra ye sāttvikyā śraddhayānvitās te devāḥ śāstrokta-sādhane 'dhikriyante tat-phalena cayujyante | ye tu rājasyā tāmasyā ca śraddhayānvitās te 'surā na śāstrīya-sādhane 'dhikriyante na vā tat-phalena yujyanta iti vivekenārjunasya sandeham apaninīṣuḥ śraddhā-bhedaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca tri-vidheti | yathā śraddhayānvitāḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante sā dehināṃ svabhāvajā, janmāntara-kṛto dharmādharmādi-śubhāśubha-saṃskāra idānīntana-janmārambhakaḥ svabhāvaḥ | sa tri-vidhaḥ sāttviko rājasas tāmasaś ceti | tena janitā śraddhā tri-vidhā bhavati sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī ca | kāraṇānurūpatvāt kāryasya | yā tv ārabdhe janmani śāstra-saṃskāra-mātrajā viduṣāṃ sā kāraṇaika-rūpatvād
eka-rūpā sāttviky eva | na rājasī tāmasī ceti prathama-ca-kārārthaḥ | śāstra-nirapekṣā tu prāṇi-mātra-sādhāraṇī svabhāva-jā | saiva svabhāva-traividhyāt trividhety eva-kārārthaḥ | ukta-vidhā-traya-samuccayārthaś caramaś ca-kāraḥ | yataḥ prāg-bhavīya-vāsanākhya-svabhāvasyābhibhāvakaṃ śāstrīyaṃ viveka-vijñānam anādṛta-śāstrāṇāṃ dehināṃ nāsti atas teṣāṃ svabhāva-vaśāt tridhā bhavantīṃ tāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇu | śrutvā ca devāsura-bhāvaṃ svayam evāvadhārayety arthaḥ ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : bho arjuna prathamaṃ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajatāṃ niṣṭhāṃ śṛṇu | paścāt śāstra-vidhi-tyāgināṃ niṣṭhāṃ te vakṣyāmīty āha trividheti | svabhāvaḥ prācīna-saṃskāra-viśeṣas tasmāj jātā śraddhā | sā ca trividhā ||2||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca trividheti | ālasyāt kleśāc ca śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya ye śraddhayā devādīn yajante dehinaḥ | sā teṣāṃ svabhāvajā bodhyā prāktanaḥ śubhāśubha-saṃskāraḥ svabhāvas tasmāj jātety arthaḥ | anādi-triguṇa-prakṛti-saṃsṛṣṭānāṃ dehinām anādito 'nāvṛttasya saṃsārasya sāttvikatvādinā traividhyāt taj-jāta-śraddhāpi trividhety āha sāttvikītyādi | svabhāvam anyathayituṃ samarthā khalu sad-upadiṣṭa-śāstra-janyā viveka-saṃvit sā teṣāṃ nāsty ataḥ svabhāvajā śraddhā trividhā bhavati | tādṛk-śāstra-janyā śraddhā tv anyaiva yathā tad-ukti-vidhinaiva tad-arthānuṣṭhānam ||2||
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BhG 17.3
sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata |
śraddhā-mayo 'yaṃ puruṣo yo yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu ca śraddhā sāttviky eva sattva-kāryatvena tvayaiva śrī-bhāgavate uddhavaṃ prati nirdiṣṭatvāt | yathoktaṃ -
śamo damas titikṣejyā tapaḥ satyaṃ dayā smṛtiḥ |
tuṣṭis tyāgo 'spṛhā śraddhā hrīr dayā nirvṛttir dhṛtiḥ ||[BhP 11.25.2]
ity etāḥ sattvasya vṛttayaḥ | iti |
atha kathaṃ tasyās traividhyam ucyate | satyam | tathāpi rajas-tamo-yukta-puruṣāśrayatvena rajas-tamo-miśritatvena sattvasya traividhyāc chraddhāyāpi traividhyaṃ ghaṭate ity āhasattvānurūpeti | sattvānurūpā sattva-tāratamyānusāriṇī sarvasya vivekino 'vivekino lokasya śraddhā vikriata ity arthaḥ | tad evāha yo yac chraddhaḥ yādṛśī śraddhā yasya | sa eva saḥ | tādṛśa-śraddhā-yukta eva saḥ | yaḥ pūrvaṃ sattvotkarṣeṇa sāttvika-śraddhayā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ sa punas tādṛśa-sva-saṃskāreṇa sāttvika-śraddhayāyukta eva bhavati | yas tu rajasa utkarṣeṇa rājasa-śraddhayā yuktaḥ sa punas tādṛśa eva bhavati | yas tu tamasa utkarṣeṇa tāmasa-śraddhayā yuktaḥ sa punas tādṛśa eva bhavati | lokācāra-mātreṇa pravartamāneṣv evaṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-śraddhā-vyavasthā | śāstra-janita-viveka-jñāna-yuktānāṃ
tu svabhāva-vijayena sāttvikī ekaiva śraddheti prakaraṇārthaḥ ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : prāg-bhavīyāntaḥ-karaṇa-gata-vāsanā-rūpa-nimitta-kāraṇa-vaicitryeṇa śraddhā-vaicitryam uktvā tad-upādāna-kāraṇāntaḥ-karaṇa-vaicitryeṇāpi tad-vaicitryam āha sattveti | sattvaṃ prakāśa-śīlatvāt sattva-pradhāna-triguṇāpañcīkṛta-pañca-mahā-bhūtārabdham antaḥ-karaṇam | tac ca kvacid udrikta-sattvam eva yathā devānām | kvacid rajasābhibhūta-sattvaṃ yathā yakṣādīnām | kvacit tamasābhibhūta-sattvaṃ yathā preta-bhūtādīnām | manuṣyāṇāṃ tu prāyeṇa vyāmiśram eva | tac ca śāstrīya-viveka-jñānenodbhūta-sattvaṃ rajas-tamasī abhibhūya kriyate | śāstrīya-viveka-vijñāna-śūnyasya tu sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya sattvānurūpā śraddhā sattva-vaicitryād vicitrā bhavati, sattva-pradhāne 'ntaḥ-karaṇe sāttvikī | rajaḥ-pradhāne tasmin rājasī tamaḥ-pradhāne tu tasmiṃs
tāmasīti | he bhārata mahā-kula-prasūta jñāna-nirateti vā śuddha-sāttvikatvaṃ dyotayati | yat tvayā pṛṣṭaṃ teṣāṃ niṣṭā keti tatrottaraṃ śṛṇu | ayaṃ śāstrīya-jñāna-śūnyaḥ karmādhikṛtaḥ puruṣas triguṇāntaḥ-karaṇa-sampiṇḍitaḥ śraddhā-mayaḥ prācuryeṇāsmin śraddhā prakṛteti tat-prastuta-vacane mayaṭ | ananya-mayo yajña itivat | ato yo yac-chradho yā sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī vā śraddhā yasya sa eva śraddhānurūpa eva sa sāttviko rājasas tāmaso vā | śraddhayaiva niṣṭhā vyākhyātety abhiprāyaḥ ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : sattvam antaḥkaraṇaṃ trividhaṃ sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ tāmasaṃ ca | tad-anurūpā sāttvikāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ sāttviky eva śraddhā | rājasāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ rājasy eva | tāmasāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ tāmasy evety arthaḥ | yac-chraddho yasmin yajanīye deve 'sure rākṣase vā śraddhāvān yo bhavati | sa sa eva bhavati tat tac chabdenaiva vyapadiśyata ity arthaḥ ||3||
baladevaḥ : yadyapi śraddhā sattva-guṇa-vṛttis tathāpy antaḥ-karaṇa-dharmasya svabhāvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya ca dharmiṇas traividhyāt tad-uditāyās tasyās traividhyaṃ siddhyed iti bhāvenāha sattvānurūpeti | sattvam antaḥkaraṇaṃ triguṇātmakaṃ tad-anurūpā sarvasya prāṇijātasya śraddhā bhavati | sattva-pradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya śraddhā sāttvikī | rajaḥ-pradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya tu rājasī | tamaḥpradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya tu śraddhā tāmasīti | ato 'yaṃ pūjya-pūjaka-rūpo laukikaḥ puruṣaḥ śraddhāmayas trividha-śraddhā-pracuro yaḥ puruṣo yac-chraddho yasmin pūjye devādau yakṣādau pretādau ca śraddhāvān bhavati | sa pūjako 'pi sa eva tat-tac-chabdena vyapadeśya pūjya-guṇavān pūjaka ity arthaḥ ||3||
yajante sāttvikā devān yakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ |
pretān bhūtagaṇāṃś cānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ||4||
śrīdharaḥ : sāttvikādi-bhedam eva kārya-bhedena prapañcayati yajanta iti | sāttvikā janāḥ sattva-prakṛtīn devān eva yajante pūjayanti | rājasās tu rajaḥ-prakṛtīn yakṣān rakṣasāṃś ca yajante | etebhyo 'nye vilakṣaṇās tāmasā janās tāmasān eva pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca yajante | sattvādi-prakṛtīnāṃ tat-tad-devādīnāṃ pūjā-rucibhis tat-tat-pūjakānāṃ sāttvikāditvaṃ jñātavyam ity arthaḥ ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : śraddhā jñātā satī niṣṭhāṃ jñāpayiṣyati | kenopāyena sā jñāyatām ity apekṣite deva-pūjādikārya-liṅgenānumeyety āha yajanta iti | janāḥ śāstrīya-viveka-hīnā ye svābhāvikyā śraddhayā devān vasu-rudrādīn sāttvikān yajante te 'nye sāttvikā jñeyāḥ | ye ca yakṣān kuverādīn rakṣāṃsi ca rākṣasān nirṛti-prabhṛtīn rājasān yajante te 'nye rājasā jñeyāḥ | ye ca pretān viprādayaḥ svadharmāt pracyutā deha-pātād ūrdhvaṃ vāyavīyaṃ deham āpannā ulkāmukha-kaṭa-pūtanādi-saṃjñāḥ pretā bhavantīti manūktān piśāca-viśeṣān vā bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca sapta-mātṛkādīṃś ca tāmasān yajante te 'nye tāmasā jñeyāḥ | anya iti padaṃ triṣv api vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya sambadhyate ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ spaṣṭayati sāttvikāntaḥ-karaṇāḥ sāttvikyā śraddhayā sāttvika-śāstra-vidhinā sāttvikān devān eva yajante | deveṣv eva śraddhāvattvād devā evocyante | evaṃ rājasā rājasāntaḥ-karaṇā ity ādi vivaritavyam ||4||
baladevaḥ : kārya-bhedena sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ prapañcayati yajanta iti | śāstrīya-viveka-saṃvid-vihīnā ye janāḥ svabhāva-jayā śraddhayā devān sāttvikān vasu-rudrādīn yajante te 'nye rājasāḥ | ye pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca tāmasā yajante te 'nye tāmasāḥ | dvijāḥ svadharma-vibhraṣṭā deha-pātottara-labdha-vāyavīya-dehā ulkāmukha-kaṭa-pūtanādi-saṃjñāḥ pretā manūktāḥ piśāca-viśeṣā veti vyākhyātāraś cāt sapta-mātṛkādayaḥ | evam ālasyāt tyakta-veda-vidhīnāṃ svabhāvān sāttvikādyā nirūpitāḥ | ete ca balavad vaidika-sat-prasaṅgāt svabhāvān vijitya kadācid vede 'py adhikṛto bhavantīti bodhyam ||4||
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BhG 17.5-6
aśāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ |
dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ ||5||
karśayantaḥ śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmam acetasaḥ |
māṃ caivāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ tān viddhy āsura-niścayān ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : rājasa-tāmaseṣv api punar viśeṣāntaram āha aśāstra-vihitam iti dvābhyām | śāstra-vidhim ajānanto 'pi kecit prācīna-puṇya-saṃskāreṇa uttamāḥ sāttvikā eva bhavanti | kecin madhyamā rājasā bhavanti | adhamās tu tāmasā bhavanti | ye punar atyantaṃ manda-bhāgyās te gatānugatyā pāṣaṇḍa-saṅgena ca tad-ācārānuvartinaḥ santo 'śāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ bhūta-bhayaṅkaraṃ tapas tapyante kurvanti | tatra hetavaḥ dambhāhaṅkārābhyāṃ saṃyuktāḥ | tathā kāmo 'bhilāṣaḥ | rāga āsaktiḥ | balam āgrahaḥ | etair anvitāḥ santaḥ | tān āsura-niścayān vidvīty uttareṇānvayaḥ ||5||
kiṃ ca karśayanta iti | śarīra-sthaṃ prārambhakatvena dehe sthitaṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthivy-ādīnāṃ grāmaṃ samūhaṃ karśayanto vṛthaiva upavāsādibhiḥ kṛśaṃ kurvanto 'cetaso 'vivekinaḥ | māṃ cāntaryāmitayāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ deha-madhye sthitaṃ mad-ājñā-laṅghanenaiva karśayantaḥ | evaṃ ye tapaś caranti tān āsura-niścayān | āsuro 'tikrūro niścayo yeṣāṃ tān viddhi ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam anādṛta-śāstrāṇāṃ sattvādi-niṣṭhā kāryato nirṇītā | tatra kecid rājasa-tāmasā api prāg-bhavīya-puṇya-paripākāt sāttvikā bhūtvā śāstrīya-sādhane 'dhikriyante | ye tu durāgraheṇa durdaiva-paripāka-prāpta-durjana-saṅgādi-doṣeṇa ca rājasa-tāmasatāṃ na muñcanti te śāstrīya-mārgād bhraṣṭā asan-mārgānusaraṇeneha loke paratra ca duḥkha-bhāgina evety āha dvābhyām |
aśāstra-vihitaṃ śāstreṇa vedena pratyakṣeṇānumitena vā na vihitam aśāstreṇa buddhādy-āgamena bodhitaṃ vā ghoraṃ parasyātmanaḥ pīḍā-karaṃ tapas tapta-śilā-rohaṇādi tapyante kurvanti ye janāḥ | dambho dhārmikatva-khyāpanam ahaṃkāro 'ham eva śreṣṭha iti durabhimānas tābhyāṃ samyag yuktāḥ, yogasya samyaktvam anāyāsena viyoga-jananā-sāmarthyaṃ kāme kāmyamāna-viṣaye yo rātgas tan-nimittaṃ balam atygra-duḥkha-sahana-sāmarthyaṃ tenānvitāḥ | kāmo viṣaye 'bhilāṣaḥ | rāgaḥ sadā-tad-abhiniviṣṭatva-rūpo 'bhiṣvaṅgaḥ | balam avaśyam idaṃ sādhayiṣyāmīty āgrahaḥ | tair anvitā iti vā | ata eva balad-duḥkha-darśane 'py anivartamānāḥ, karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvanto vṛthopavāsādinā śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātākāreṇa
pariṇataṃ pṛthivyādi-bhūta-samudāyam acetaso viveka-śūnyā māṃ cāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ bhoktṛ-rūpeṇa sthitaṃ bhogyasya śarīrasya kṛśīkaraṇena kṛśīkurvanta eva | māma antaryāmitvena śarīrāntaḥ-sthitaṃ buddhi-tad-vṛtti-sākṣi-bhūtam īśvaram ājñā-laṅghanena karśayanta iti vā | tān aihika-sarva-bhoga-vimukhān paratra cādhama-gati-bhāginaḥ sarva-puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭān āsura-niścayān āsuro viparyāsa-rūpo vedārtha-virodhī niścayo yeṣāṃ tān manuṣyatvena pratīyamānān apy asura-kārya-kāritvād asurān viddhi jānīhi pariharaṇāya | niścayasyāsuratvāt tat-pūrvikāṇāṃ sarvāsām antaḥ-karaṇa-vṛttīnām āsuratvam | asuratva-jāti-rahitānāṃ ca manuṣyāṇāṃ karmaṇaivāsuratvāt tān asurān viddhīti sākṣān noktam iti ca draṣṭavyam ||5-6||
viśvanāthaḥ : yas tvayā pṛṣṭhaṃ ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-bhoga-rahitāḥ śraddhayā yajante teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā iti | tasyottaram adhunā śṛṇv ity āha aśāstreti dvābhyām | ghoraṃ prāṇi-bhayaṅkaraṃ tapas tapyante kurvantīty-upalakṣaṇam idaṃ japa-yāgādikam apy aśāstrīyaṃ kurvanti | kāmācaraṇa-rāhityaṃ śraddhānvitatvaṃ ca svata eva labhyate | dambhāhaṅkāra-saṃyuktā iti | dambhāhaṅkārābhyāṃ vinā śāstra-vidhy-ullaṅghanānupapatteḥ | kāmaḥ svasyājarāmaratva-rājyādy-abhilāṣo rāgas tapasy āsaktir balaṃ hiraṇyakaśipu-prabhṛtīnām iva tapaḥ-karaṇa-sāmarthyam | tair anvitāḥ śarīra-stham ayambhakatvena deha-sthitam | bhūtānāṃ pṛthivyādīnāṃ grāmaṃ samūhaṃ karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvanto māṃ ca mad-aṃśa-bhūtaṃ jīvaṃ ca duḥkhayantaḥ
| āsūya-niścayān asurāṇām eva niṣṭhāyāṃ sthitām ity arthaḥ ||5-6||
baladevaḥ : veda-bāhyānāṃ kadācid api durgater nistāro neti pūrvādhyāyoktaṃ dṛḍhayann āha aśāstreti dvābhyām | aśāstreṇa veda-viruddhena svāgamena vihitaṃ ghoraṃ para-pīḍakaṃ tapo ye tapyante kurvanti kāma-rāgo viṣaya-spṛhā balaṃ ca mayā śakyam etat siddhaiḥ kartum iti durāgrahaḥ śarīrastham ārambhakatayā śarīraṃ sthitaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ pṛthivyādi-saṅghātaṃ karṣayanto vṛthopavāsādinā kṛśaṃ kurvanto 'ntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ śarīra-madhya-gatāntaryāmiṇaṃ māṃ cāvajñayā karṣayanto 'cetasaḥ śāstrīya-viveka-saṃvid-vihīnās tān veda-bāhyān āsura-niścayān niścayenāsurān viddhīti pūrvoktānāṃ teṣāṃ durgatir avarjanīyaiveti bhāvaḥ | svabhāvajayā śraddhayā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pretādīn yajatāṃ balavad-vaidika-sad-anugrahe sati
śāstrīya-śraddhayāsura-bhāva-vināśaḥ syād eva | devān yajatāṃ tu vastutaḥ sāttvikatvāt tad-anugrahe sati śāstrīyā sulabheti sthitam ||5-6||
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BhG 17.7
āhāras tv api sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ |
yajñas tapas tathā dānaṃ teṣāṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : āhārādi-bhedād api sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ darśayitum āha āhāras tv ity ādi-trayodaśabhiḥ | sarvasyāpi janasya ya āhāro 'nnādi sa tu yathāyathaṃ trividhaḥ priyo bhavati | tathā yajña-tapo-dānāni ca trividhāni bhavanti teṣāṃ vakṣyamānaṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu | etac ca rājasa-tāmasāhāra-yajñādi-parityāgena sāttvikāhāra-yajñādi-sevayā sattva-vṛddhau yatna-kartavya ity etad arthaṃ kathyate ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : ye sāttvikās te devā ye tu rājasās tāmasāś ca te viparyastatvād asurā iti sthite sāttvikānām ādānāya rājasa-tāmasānāṃ hānāya cāhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhyam āha āhāra iti | na kevalaṃ śraddhaiva trividhā | āhāro 'pi sarvasya priyas trividha eva bhavati sarvasya triguṇātmakatvena caturthyāṃ vidhāyā asaṃbhavāt | yathā dṛṣṭārtha āhāras trividhas tathā yajña-tapo-dānānya-dṛṣṭārthāny api trividhāni | tatra yajñaṃ vyākhyāsyāmo dravya-devatā-tyāgaḥ iti kalpa-kārair devatoddeśena dravya-tyāgo yajña iti niruktaḥ | sa ca yajatinā juhotinā ca coditatvena yāgo homaś ceti dvividha uttiṣṭhad-dhomā vaṣaṭ-kāra-prayogāntā yājyāpuro 'nuvākyāvanto yajataya upaviṣṭa-homaḥ svāhā-kāra-prayogāntā yājyāpuro 'nuvākyārahitā juhotaya iti kalpa-kārair vyākhyāto yajña-śabdenoktaḥ
| tapaḥ kāyendriya-śoṣaṇaṃ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi | dānaṃ parasvatvāpatti-phalakaḥ sva-svatva-tyāgaḥ | teṣām āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-bhedaṃ mayā vyākhyāyamānam imaṃ śṛṇu ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ ye śāstra-vidhi-tyāginaḥ kāma-cāreṇa vartante pūrvādhyāyoktā ye cāsminn adhyāye āsura-śāstra-vidhinā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pretādīn yajante, ye cāśāstrīyaṃ tapa-ādikaṃ kurvanti te sarve āsura-sarga-madhya-gatā eva bhavantīti prakaraṇārthaḥ | tathāpy āhārādīnāṃ vakṣyamāṇānāṃ traividhyāt tadvatāṃ yathā-yogaṃ daivam āsuraṃ ca sargaṃ svayam eva vivicya jānīty āha āhāras tv ity ādi trayodaśabhiḥ ||7||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ sthite tad-āhārādīnām api traividhyam āha āhāras tv iti | śraddhāvat sarvasya priyo 'nnādir āhāro 'pi trividho bhavati | evaṃ yajñādīni ca trividhāni | teṣām āhārādīnāṃ caturṇām ||7||
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BhG 17.8
āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ |
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ ||8||
śrīdharaḥ : tatrāhāra-traividhyam āha āyur iti tribhiḥ | āyur jīvitam | sattvam utsāhaḥ | balaṃ śaktiḥ | ārogyaṃ roga-rāhityam | sukhaṃ citta-prasādaḥ | prītir abhiruciḥ | āyur-ādīnāṃ vivardhanāḥ viśeṣeṇa vṛddhi-karāḥ | te ca rasyā rasavantaḥ | snigdhāḥ sneha-yuktāḥ | sthirā dehe sārāṃśena cira-kālyāvasthāyinaḥ | hṛdyā dṛṣṭi-mātrād eva hṛdayaṅgamāḥ | evambhūtā āhārā bhakṣya-bhojyādayaḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ ||8||
madhusūdanaḥ : āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ bhedaḥ pañcadaśabhir vyākhyāyate | tatrāhāra-bheda āyur iti tribhiḥ | āyuś cirañjīvanaṃ sattvaṃ citta-dhairyaṃ balavati duḥkhe 'pi nirvikāratvāpādakaṃ, balaṃ śarīra-sāmarthyaṃ svocite kārye śramābhāva-prayojakam | ārogyaṃ vyādhy-abhāvaḥ | sukhaṃ bhojanānantarāhlādas tṛptiḥ | prītir bhojana-kāle 'nabhiruci-rāhityam icchautkaṭyaṃ teṣāṃ vivardhanā | viśeṣeṇa vṛddhi-hetavaḥ | rasyā āsvādyā madhura-rasa-pradhānāḥ | snigdhāḥ sahajenāgantukena vā snehena yuktāḥ | sthirā rasādy-aṃśena śarīre cira-kāla-sthāyinaḥ | hṛdyā hṛdayaṅgamā durgandhāśucitvādi-dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-doṣa-śūnyāḥ | āhārāś carvya-coṣya-lehya-peyāḥ sāttvikānāṃ priyāḥ | etair liṅgaiḥ sāttvika jñeyāḥ sāttvikatvam
abhilaṣadbhiś caita ādeyā ity arthaḥ ||8||
viśvanāthaḥ : sāttvikāhāravatām āyur vardhata iti prasiddhaḥ | sattvam utsāhaḥ | rasyā iti kevala guḍādīnāṃ rasyatve 'pi rūkṣatvam ata āha snigdhā iti | dugdha-phenādīnāṃ rasyatva-snigdhatve 'pi asthairyam ata āha sthirā iti | panasa-phalādīnāṃ rasyatve snigdhatva-sthiratve 'pi hṛd-udarādy-ahitatvam ata āha hṛdyā hṛd-udara-hitā iti | tena sa-gavya-śarkarā-śāli-godhūmānnādaya eva rasyatvādi-catuṣṭaya-guṇavattvāt sāttvika-loka-priyā jñeyās teṣāṃ priyatve saty eva sāttvikatvaṃ ca jñeyam | kiṃ ca guṇa-catuṣṭayavattve 'pi apāvitrye sati sāttvika-priyatādarśanād atra pavitrā ity api viśeṣaṇaṃ deyam | tāmasa-priyeṣv amedhya-pada-darśanāt ||8||
baladevaḥ : tatra sāttvikāhāram āha āyuri iti | āyuś cira-jīvitam | sattvam citta-dhairyam | balaṃ deha-sāmarthyaṃ | sukhaṃ tṛptiḥ | prītir abhiruciḥ | etāsāṃ vivardhanāḥ ramyatvādi-guṇavantaḥ sa-gavya-śarkarāḥ śāli-godhūmādayaḥ sāttvikānāṃ priyās tair upādeyā ity arthaḥ | ramyā iti nīrasānāṃ caṇakādīnāṃ | snigdhā iti rukṣāṇāṃ guḍādīnāṃ | sthirā ity asthirāṇāṃ dugdha-phenādīnāṃ | hṛdyety ahṛdyānāṃ panasa-phalādīnāṃ ca vyāvṛttiḥ | kṣud-udarādy-ahitatvam ahṛdyatvam | atra pavitrā iti jñeyam | tāmasa-priyeṣv amedhya-pada-darśanāt ||8||
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BhG 17.9
kaṭv-amla-lavaṇātyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ |
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : tathā kaṭv iti | ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | tenāti-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlo 'tilavaṇo 'tyuṣṇaś ca prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī saṛṣapādiḥ | atikaṭv-ādaya āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ priyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikaṃ hṛdaya-santāpādi | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ | etān pradadāti prayacchantīti tathā ||9||
madhusūdanaḥ : ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api yojanīyaḥ | kaṭus tiktaḥ | kaṭu-rasasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenoktatvāt | tatrātikaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlātilavaṇātyuṣṇāḥ prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ sneha-śūnyaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī santāpako rājikādiḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikīṃ pīḍām | śokaṃ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayaṃ rogaṃ ca dhātu-vaiṣamya-dvārā pradadatīti tathā-vidhā āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ | etair liṅgaiḥ rājasā jñeyāḥ sāttvikaiś caita upekṣaṇīyā ity arthaḥ ||9||
viśvanāthaḥ : ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | ati-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | aty-amlavaṇoṣṇaḥ prasiddha eva | atitīkṣṇo mūlikā-viṣādir marīcy-ādyā vā | atirūkṣo hiṅgu-kodravādiḥ | vidāhī dāhakaro bhṛṣṭa-caṇakādiḥ | ete duḥkhādi-pradāḥ | tatra duḥkhaṃ tātkāliko rasanākaṇṭhādi-santāpaḥ | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ ||9||
baladevaḥ : rājasāhāram āha kaṭv iti | saptasv ati-śabdo yojyaḥ | ati-kaṭur iti tikto nimbādir na ca maricādis tasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenokter atyamlo 'tilavaṇo 'tyuṣṇaś ca | khyāto 'titīkṣṇo marīcy-ādir atirukṣaḥ kaṅgukādir atidāhī rājikādiḥ | ete rājasasyeṣṭāḥ, sāttvikānāṃ tu heyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tātkālikaṃ jihvā kaṇṭhādi-śoṣaṇajam | śoko daurmanasyaṃ pāścātyam āmayo rudhira-kopaḥ |
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BhG 17.10
yāta-yāmaṃ gata-rasaṃ pūti paryuṣitaṃ ca yat |
ucchiṣṭam api cāmedhyaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasa-priyam ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : tathā yāta-yāmam iti | yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmam | śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gatarasaṃ niṣpīḍita-sāram | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam anya-bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalañjy-ādi | evambhūtaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasasya priyam ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : yātayāmam ardha-pakvaṃ nirvīryasya gata-rasa-padenoktatvād iti bhāṣyam | gata-rasaṃ virasatāṃ prāptaṃ śuṣkam | yāta-yāmaṃ pakvaṃ sat praharādi-vyavahita-modanādi śaityaṃ prāptam | gata-rasaṃ uddhṛta-sāram mathita-dugdhādīty anye | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritam | cena tat-kālonmāda-karaṃ dhattūrādi samuccīyate | yad atiprasiddhaṃ duṣṭatvenocchiṣṭam bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam ayajñārham aśuci māṃsādi | api ceti vaidyaka-śāstroktam apathyaṃ samuccīyate | etādṛśaṃ yad bhojanaṃ bhojyaṃ tat tāmasasya priyaṃ sāttvikair atidūrād upekṣaṇīyam ity arthaḥ | etādṛśa-bhojanasya duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradatvam atiprasiddham iti kaṇṭhato noktam |
atra ca krameṇa rasyādi-vargaḥ sāttvikaḥ | kaṭv-ādi-vargo rājasaḥ | yāta-yāmādi-vargas tāmasa ity uktam āhāra-varga-trayam | tatra sāttvika-varga-virodhitvam itara-varga-dvaye draṣṭavyam | tathā hy atikaṭutvādikaṃ rasyatva-virodhitvāt sthiratva-virodhinī | atyuṣṇatvādikaṃ hṛdyatva-virodhi | āmaya-pradatvam āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-virodhi | duḥkha-śokaa-pradatvaṃ sukha-prīti-virodhi | evaṃ sāttvika-varga-virodhitvaṃ rājasa-varge spaṣṭam | tathā tāmasa-varge 'pi gata-rasatva-yātayāmatva-paryuṣitatvāni yathā-sambhavaṃ rasyatva-snighdhatva-sthiratva-virodhīni | pūtitvocchiṣṭatvāmedhyatvāni hṛdyatva-virodhīni | āyuḥ-sattvādi-virodhitvaṃ tu spaṣṭam eva | rājasa-varge dṛṣṭa-virodha-mātraṃ tāmasa-varge tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-virodha ity atiśayaḥ ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmaṃ śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gata-rasaṃ gata-svābhāvika-rasaṃ niṣpīḍita-rasam pakvāmratva-gaṣṭy-ādikaṃ vā | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam gurvādibhyo 'nyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalajñādi | tataś caivaṃ paryālocya sva-hitaiṣibhiḥ sāttvika āhāraḥ sevya iti bhāvaḥ | vaiṣṇavais tu so 'pi bhagavad-aniveditas tyājya eva | bhagavan-niveditam annādikaṃ tu nirguṇa-bhakta-loka-priyam iti śrī-bhāgavatāj jñeyam ||10||
baladevaḥ : tāmasāhāram āha yāteti | yāto 'tikrānto yāmaḥ praharo yasya rāddhasyānnādes tad yātayāmam | gata-rasaṃ vairasyavat | pūtiḥ durgandham | paryuṣitaṃ pūrve 'hni rāddham ucchiṣṭaṃ guror anyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam amedhyam apavitraṃ kalañjādi | īdṛg-bhojanaṃ tāmasānāṃ priyaṃ sāttvikānāṃ tv atidūrato heyam ||10||
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BhG 17.11
aphalākāṅkṣibhir yajño vidhi-dṛṣṭo ya ijyate |
yaṣṭavyam eveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ ||11||
śrīdharaḥ : yajño 'pi trividhaḥ | tatra sāttvikaṃ yajñam āha aphalākāṅkṣibhir iti | phalākāṅkṣā-rahitaiḥ puruṣair vidhinādiṣṭa āvaśyakatayā vihito yo yajña ijyate 'nuṣṭhīyate sa sāttviko yajñaḥ | katham ijyate | yaṣṭavyam eveti | yajñānuṣṭhānam eva kāryam | nānyat phalaṃ sādhanīyam ity evaṃ manaḥ samādhāyaikāgraṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||11||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ krama-prāptaṃ trividhaṃ yajñam āha aphaleti tribhiḥ | agnihotra-darśapūrṇamāsa-cāturmāsya-paśu-bandha-jyotiṣṭomādir yajño dvividhaḥ kāmyo nityaś ca | phala-saṃyogena coditaḥ kāmyaḥ sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇaiva mukhya-kalpenānuṣṭheyaḥ | phala-saṃyogaṃ vinā jīvanādi-nimitta-saṃyogena coditaḥ sarvāṅgopasaṃhārāsambhave pratinidhy-ādy-upādānenāmukhya-kalpenāpy anuṣṭheyo nityaḥ | tatra sarvāṅgopasaṃhārāsambhave 'pi pratinidhim upādāyāvaśyaṃ yaṣṭavyam eva pratyavāya-parihārāyāyāvaśyaka-jīvanādi-nimittena coditatvād iti manaḥ samādhāya niścityāphalākāṅkṣibhir antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthitayā kāmya-prayoga-vimukhair vidhi-dṛṣṭo yathā-śāstraṃ niścito yo yajña ijyate 'nuṣṭhīyate sa yathā-śāstram antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-artham
anuṣṭhīyamāno nitya-prayogaḥ sāttviko jñeyaḥ ||11||
viśvanāthaḥ : atha yajñasya traividhyam āha aphalākāṅkṣibhir iti | phalākāṅkṣā-rāhitye kathaṃ yajñe pravṛttir ata āha -- yaṣṭavyam eveti | svānuṣṭheyatvena śāstroktatvād avaśya-kartavyam etad iti manaḥ samādhāya ||11||
baladevaḥ : atha yajña-traividhyam āha aphaleti tribhiḥ | aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalecchā-śūnyair yo yajña ijyate kriyate vidhi-dṛṣṭo vidhi-vākyāj jātaḥ sa sāttvikaḥ | nanu phalecchāṃ vinā tatra kathaṃ pravṛttis tatrāha yaṣṭavyam eveti | māṃ prati vedenoktatvāt tat yajanam eva kāryaṃ, na tu tena phalaṃ sādhyam iti manaḥ samādhāyaikāgraṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||11||
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BhG 17.12
abhisaṃdhāya tu phalaṃ dambhārtham api caiva yat |
ijyate bharata-śreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : rājasaṃ yajñam āha abhisandhāyeti | phalam abhisandhāyoddiśya tu yad ijyate yajñaḥ kriyate | dambhārthaṃ ca sva-mahattva-khyāpanārthaṃ ca | taṃ yajñaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ : phalaṃ kāmyaṃ svargādi abhisandhāyoddiśya na tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiḥ | tur nitya-prayoga-vailakṣaṇya-sūcanārthaḥ | dambho loke dhārmikatva-khyāpanaṃ tad-artham | api caiveti vikalpa-samuccayābhyāṃ traividhya-sūcanārtham | pāralaukikaṃ phalam abhisandhāyaivādambhārthatve 'pi pāralaukika-phalānabhisandhāne 'pi dambhārtham eveti vikalpena dvau pakṣau | pāralaukika-phalārtham apy aihalaukika-dambhārtham apīti samuccayenaikaḥ pakṣaḥ | evaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-phalābhisandhināntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhim anuddiśya yad ijyate yathā-śāstraṃ yo yajño 'nuṣṭhīyate taṃ yajñaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi hānāya | he bharata-śreṣṭheti yogyatva-sūcanam ||12||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing ||12||
baladevaḥ : phalaṃ svargādikam abhisandhāya yad ijyate dambhārhtaṃ vā svamahima-khyāpanāya, taṃ yajñaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi ||12||
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BhG 17.13
vidhi-hīnam asṛṣṭānnaṃ mantra-hīnam adakṣiṇam |
śraddhā-virahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate ||13||
śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ yajñam āha vidhi-hīnam iti | vidhi-hīnaṃ śāstrokta-vidhi-śūnyam asṛṣṭānnaṃ brāhmaṇādibhyo na sṛṣṭaṃ na niṣpāditam annaṃ yasmiṃs tam | mantrair hīnaṃ | yathokta-dakṣiṇā-rahitaṃ śraddhā-śūnyaṃ ca yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate kathayanti śiṣṭāḥ ||13||
madhusūdanaḥ : yathā-śāstra-bodhita-viparītam anna-dāna-hīnaṃ svarato varṇataś ca mantra-hīnaṃ yathokta-dakṣiṇā-hīnam ṛtvig-dveṣādinā śraddhā-rahitaṃ tāmasaṃ yajñaṃ paricakṣate śiṣṭāḥ | vidhi-hīnatvādy-ekaika-viśeṣaṇaḥ pañca-vidhaḥ sarva-viśeṣaṇa-samuccayena caika-vidha iti ṣaṭ | dvi-tri-catur-viśeṣaṇa-samuccayena ca bahavo bhedās tāmasa-yajñasya jñeyāḥ | rājase yajñe 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-abhāve 'pi phalotpādakam apūrvam asti yathā-śāstram anuṣṭhānāt | tāmase tv ayathā-śāstrānuṣṭhānān na kim apy apūrvam astīty atiśayaḥ ||13||
viśvanāthaḥ : asṛṣṭānnam anna-dāna-rahitam ||13||
baladevaḥ : vidhīti asṛṣṭānnam anna-dāna-rahitaṃ mantra-hīnaṃ svarato varṇataś ca hīnena mantraṇopetaṃ śraddhā-virahitaṃ ṛtvig-vidveṣāt ||13||
deva-dvija-guru-prājña-pūjanaṃ śaucam ārjavam |
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīraṃ tapa ucyate ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ darśayituṃ prathamaṃ tāvat śārīrādi-bhedena tasya traividhyam āha devety ādi tribhiḥ | tatra śārīram āha deveti | prājñā guru-vyaktiriktā anye 'pi tattva-vidaḥ | deva-brāhmaṇādi-pūjanaṃ śaucādikaṃ ca śārīraṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ tapa ucyate ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ : krama-prāptasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ kathayituṃ śārīra-vācika-mānasa-bhedena tasya travidhyam āha tribhiḥ deveti | devā brahma-viṣṇu-śiva-sūryāgni-durgādayaḥ | dvijā dvijottamā brāhmaṇāḥ | guravaḥ pitṛ-mātr-ācāryādayaḥ | prājñāḥ paṇḍitāḥ vidita-veda-tad-upakaraṇārthāḥ | teṣāṃ pūjanaṃ praṇāma-śuśrūṣādi yathā-śāstraṃ | śaucaṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ śarīra-śodhanam | ārjavam akauṭilyaṃ bhāva-saṃśuddhi-śabdena mānase tapasi vakṣyati | śārīraṃ tv ārjavaṃ vihita-pratiṣiddhayor eka-rūpa-pravṛtti-nivṛtti-śālitvam | brahmacaryaṃ niṣiddha-maithuna-nivṛttiḥ | ahiṃsā-śāstrīya-prāṇi-pīḍanābhāvaḥ | ca-kārād asteyāparigrahāv api | śārīraṃ śarīra-pradhānaiḥ kartrādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ na tu kevalena śarīreṇa
| pañcaite tasya hetava iti hi vakṣyati | itthaṃ śārīraṃ tapa ucyate ||14||
viśvanāthaḥ : tapasas traividhyaṃ vadana prathamaṃ sāttvikasya tapasas traividhyam āha devety ādi tribhiḥ ||14||
baladevaḥ : krama-prāptasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ vaktuṃ tasyādau śārīrādi-bhāvena traividhyam āha deveti tribhiḥ | devā vasu-rudrādayo dvijā brāhmaṇa-śreṣṭhā guravo mātṛ-pitṛ-deśikāḥ prājñā vidita-veda-vedāṅgāḥ pare 'tra teṣāṃ pūjanam | śaucaṃ dvividham uktam | ārjavaṃ vihita-niṣiddhayor aikya-rūpyeṇa pravṛtti-nivṛttatvam | brahmacaryaṃ vihita-maithunaṃ ca | etac chārīraṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||14||
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BhG 17.15
anudvega-karaṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priya-hitaṃ ca yat |
svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : vācikaṃ tapa āha anudvegakaram iti | udvegaṃ bhayaṃ na karotīty anudvegakaraṃ vākyam | satyaṃ śrotuḥ priyam | hitaṃ ca pariṇāme sukha-karam | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ vedābhyāsaś ca vāṅ-mayaṃ vācā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ : anudvega-karaṃ na kasyacid duḥkha-karaṃ, satyaṃ pramāṇa-mūlam abādhitārtham | priyaṃ śrotus tat-kāla-śruti-sukhaṃ hitaṃ pariṇāme sukha-karam | ca-kāro viśeṣaṇānāṃ samucchayārthaḥ | anudvega-karatvādi-viśeṣaṇa-catuṣṭayena viśiṣṭaṃ na tv ekenāpi viśeṣaṇena nyūnam | yad vākyaṃ yathā śānto bhava vatsa svādhyāyaṃ yogaṃ cānutiṣṭha tathā te śreyo bhaviṣyatīty ādi tad vāṅ-mayaṃ vācikaṃ tapaḥ śārīravat | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ ca yathā-vidhi vedābhyāsaś ca vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate | eva-kāraḥ prāg-viśeṣaṇa-samuccayāvadhāraṇe vyākhyātavyaḥ ||15||
viśvanāthaḥ : anudvega-karaṃ sambodhya-bhinnānām apy unudvejakam ||15||
baladevaḥ : anudvegakaram udvegaṃ bhayaṃ kasyāpi yan na karoti | satyaṃ pramāṇikam | śrotuḥ priyam | pariṇāme hitaṃ ca | etad-viśeṣaṇa-catuṣṭayavad-vākyaṃ tathā svādhyāyasya vedābhyasanaṃ ca vāṅ-mayaṃ vācā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||15||
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BhG 17.16
manaḥ-prasādaḥ saumyatvaṃ maunam ātma-vinigrahaḥ |
bhāva-saṃśuddhir ity etat tapo mānasam ucyate ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : mānasaṃ tapa āha manaḥ-prasāda iti | manasaḥ prasādaḥ svacchatā | saumatvam akrūratā | maunaṃ muner bhāvaḥ | mananam ity arthaḥ | ātmano manaso vinigraho viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhāraḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhir vyavahāre māyā-rāhityam | ity etan mānasaṃ tapaḥ ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ : manasaḥ prasādaḥ svacchatā viṣaya-cintā-vyākulatva-rāhityam | saumyatvaṃ saumasyaṃ sarva-loka-hitaiṣitvaṃ pratiṣiddhācintanaṃ ca | maunaṃ muni-bhāva ekāgratayātma-cintanaṃ nididhyāsanākhyaṃ vāk-saṃyama-hetur manaḥ-saṃyamo maunam iti bhāṣyam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano manaso viśeṣeṇa sarva-vṛtti-nigraho nirodha-samādhir asamprajñātaḥ | bhāvasya hṛdayasya śuddhiḥ kāma-krodha-lobhādi-mala-nivṛttiḥ | punar aśuddhy-utpāda-rāhityena samyaktvena viśiṣṭā sā bhāva-śuddhiḥ | paraiḥ saha vyavahāra-kāle māyā-rāhityaṃ seti bhāṣyam | ity etad evaṃ-prakāraṃ tapo mānasam ucyate ||16||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : manasaḥ prasādaḥ vaimalyaṃ viṣaya-smṛty-avaiyagryam | saumatvam akrauryam sarva-sukhecchrutvam | maunam ātma- mananam | ātmano manaso vinigraho viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhāraḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhir vyavahāre niṣkapaṭatā | ity etan mānasā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||16||
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BhG 17.17
śraddhayā parayā taptaṃ tapas tat trividhaṃ naraiḥ |
aphalākāṅkṣibhir yuktaiḥ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate ||17||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manobhir nirvartyaṃ trividhaṃ tapo darśitam | tasya trividhasyāpi tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam āha śraddhayetyādi-tribhiḥ | tat trividham api tapaḥ parayā śreṣṭhayā śraddhayā phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narais taptaṃ sāttvikaṃ kathayanti ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ : śārīra-vācika-mānasa-bhedena trividhasyoktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam idānīṃ darśayati śraddhayeti tribhiḥ | tat-pūrvoktaṃ trividhaṃ śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapaḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayāprāmāṇya-śaṅkākalaṅka-śūnyayā phalābhisandhi-śūnyair yuktaiḥ samāhitaiḥ siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikārair narair adhikāribhis taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate śiṣṭāḥ ||17||
viśvanāthaḥ : trividham ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ kāyika-vācika-mānasam ||17||
baladevaḥ : uktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikāditayā traividhyam āha śraddhayeti-tribhiḥ | tad uktaṃ trividhaṃ tapaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narair parayā śraddhayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikam ||17||
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BhG 17.18
satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṃ tapo dambhena caiva yat |
kriyate tad iha proktaṃ rājasaṃ calam adhruvam ||18||
śrīdharaḥ : rājasam āha sat-kāreti | sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayam iti tāpaso 'yam ity ādi vāk-pūjā | mānaḥ pratutthānābhivādanādir daihikī pūjā | pūjārtha-lābhādiḥ | etad-arthaṃ dambhena ca yat tapaḥ kriyate | ataeva calam aniyatam | adhruvaṃ ca kṣaṇikam | yad evambhūtaṃ tapas tad iha rājasaṃ proktam ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : satkāraḥ sādhur ayaṃ tapasvī brāhmaṇa ity evam avivekibhiḥ kriyamāṇā stutiḥ | mānaḥ pratyutthānābhivādanādiḥ | pūjā pāda-prakṣālanārcana-dhana-dānādiḥ | tad-arthaṃ dambhenaiva ca kevalaṃ dharma-dhvajitvenaiva ca na tv āstikya-buddhyā yat tapaḥ kriyate tad rājasaṃ proktaṃ śiṣṭaiḥ | ihāsminn eva loke phaladaṃ na pāralaukikaṃ calam atyalpa-kāla-sthāyi-phalam | adhruvaṃ phala-janakatā-niyama-śūnyam ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ : sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayam ity anyaḥ kartavyā vāk-pūjā | mānaḥ pratutthānābhivādanādibhir anyaiḥ kartavyā daihikī pūjā | pūjā anyair dīyamānair dhanādibhir bhāvinī vā mānasī pūjā tad artham | dambhena ca yat kriyate tad rājasaṃ tapaḥ | calam kiñcit-kālikam | adhruvam aniyata-satkārādi-phalakam ||18||
baladevaḥ : sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayaṃ tapasvīti stutiḥ | mānaḥ pratutthānādir ādaraḥ | pūjā caraṇa-prakṣālana-dhan-dānadis tad-arthaṃ yat tapo dambhena ca kriyate tad rājasaṃ proktam | calaṃ kiñcit-kālikam | adhruvam aniyata-satkārādi-phalakam ||18||
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BhG 17.19
mūḍha-grāheṇātmano yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ |
parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||19||
śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ tapa āha mūḍheti | mūḍha-grāheṇāviveka-kṛtena durāgraheṇātmanā pīḍayā yat tapaḥ kriyate | parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā anyasya vināśārtham abhicāra-rūpaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtaṃ kathitam ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : mūḍha-grāheṇāvivekātiśaya-kṛtena durāgraheṇātmano dehendriya-saṃghātasya pīḍayā yat tapaḥ kriyate parasyotsādanārthaṃ vānyasya vināśārtham abhicāra-rūpaṃ vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtaṃ śiṣṭaiḥ ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : mūḍha-grāheṇa mauḍhya-grahaṇena | parasyotsādanārthaṃ vināśārtham ||19||
baladevaḥ : mūḍha-grāheṇāvivekajena durāgraheṇātmanā dehendriyādeḥ pīḍayā ca yat tapaḥ parasyotsādanārthaṃ vināśāya vā kriyate tat tāmasam ||19||
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BhG 17.20
dātavyam iti yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe |
deśe kāle ca pātre ca tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||20||
śrīdharaḥ : pūrvaṃ pratijñātam eva dānasya traividhyam āha dātavyam iti | dātavyam evety evaṃ niścayena yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakāra-samarthāya | deśe kurukṣetrādau kāle grahaṇādau | pātre ceti deśa-kāla-sāhacaryāt saptamī prayuktā | pātre pātra-bhūtāya tapaḥ-śrutādi-sampannāya brāhmaṇāyety arthaḥ | yad vā pātra iti tṛj-antam | rakṣakāyety arthaḥ | caturthy evaiṣā | sa hi sarvasmād āpad-gaṇād dātāraṃ pātīti pātā | tasmai yad evambhūtaṃ dānaṃ tat sāttvikam ||20||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ krama-prāptasya dānasya traividhyaṃ darśayati dātavyam iti tribhiḥ | dātavyam eva śāstra-condanā-vaśād ity evaṃ niścayena na tu phalābhisandhinā yad dānaṃ tulā-puruṣādi dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakārājanakāya | deśe puṇye kurukṣetrādau kāle ca puṇye sūryoparāgādau | pātre ceti caturthy-arthe saptamī | kīdṛśāyānupakāriṇe dīyate pātrāya ca vidyā-tapo-yuktāya | pātra rakṣakāyeti vā | vidyā-tapobhyām ātmano dātuś ca pālana-kṣama eva pratigṛhṇīyād iti śāstrāt | tad evaṃ-bhūtaṃ dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||20||
viśvanāthaḥ : dātavyam ity evaṃ niścayena | na tu phalābhisandhinā yad dānam ||20||
baladevaḥ : atha dānasya traividhyam āha dātavyam iti | niścayena yad dānam anupakāriṇe pātre vidyā-tapobhyāṃ dātū rakṣakāya brāhmaṇāya yad dīyate tad dānaṃ sāttvikam | anupakāriṇe pratyupakāram anuddiśyety arthaḥ | deśe tīrthe kāle ca saṅkrānty-ādau ||20||
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BhG 17.21
yat tu pratyupakārārthaṃ phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ |
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ tad dānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||21||
śrīdharaḥ : rājasaṃ dānam āha yad iti | kālāntare 'yaṃ māṃ pratyupakariṣyatīty evam arthaṃ phalaṃ vā svargādikam uddiśya yat punar dānaṃ dīyate parikliṣṭaṃ citta-kleśa-yuktaṃ yathā bhavati evambhūtaṃ tad dānaṃ rājasam udāhṛtam ||21||
madhusūdanaḥ : pratyupakārārthaṃ kālāntare mām ayaṃ upakariṣyatīty evam dṛṣṭārthaṃ phalaṃ vā svargādikam uddiśya yat punar dānaṃ sāttvika-vilakṣaṇaṃ dīyate parikliṣṭaṃ ca katham etāvad vyayitam iti paścāt tāpa-yuktaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ ca yad dīyate tad dānaṃ rājasam udāhṛtam ||21||
viśvanāthaḥ : para-kliṣṭaṃ katham etāvad vyayitam iti paścāt-tāpa-yuktam | yad vā ditsāyāṃ abhāve 'pi gurv-ādyājñānrodha-vaśād eva dattam | parikliṣṭam akalyāṇa-dravya-karmakam ||21||
baladevaḥ : yat tu pratupakārārthaṃ dṛṣṭa-phalārthaṃ phalaṃ vā svargādikam adṛṣṭam uddiśyānusandhāya dīyate tad dānaṃ rājasam | parikliṣṭaṃ katham etāvad vyayitavyam iti paścāt-tāpa-yuktaṃ yathā syāt tathā guru-vākyānurodhād vā yad dīyate tad rājasam ||21||
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BhG 17.22
adeśakāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate |
asatkṛtam avajñātaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||
śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ dānam āha adeśeti | adeśe 'śuci-sthāne | akāle aśaucādi-samaye | apātrebhyo viṭa-naṭa-nartakādibhyaḥ | yad dānaṃ dīyate deśa-kāla-pātra-sampattāv apy asat-kṛtaṃ pāda-prakṣālanādi-satkāra-śūnyam | avajñātaṃ pātra-tiraskāra-yuktam | evambhūtaṃ dānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||
madhusūdanaḥ : adeśe svato durjana-saṃsargād vā pāpa-hetāv aśuci-sthāne | akāle puṇya-hetutvenāprasiddhe yasmin kasmiṃścit | aśauca-kāle vā | apātrebhyaś ca vidyā-tapo-rahitebhyo naṭa-viṭādibhyo yad dānaṃ dīyate deśa-kāla-pātra-sampattāv api asat-kṛtaṃ priya-bhāṣaṇa-pāda-prakṣālana-pūjādi-satkāra-śūnyam avajñānaṃ pātra-paribhava-yuktaṃ ca tad dānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||
viśvanāthaḥ : asatkāro 'vajñāyāḥ phalam ||22||
baladevaḥ : adeśe 'śuci-sthāne | akāle 'śuci-samaye | yad apātrebhyo naṭādibhyo dīyate, deśādi-sampattāv api yad asatkṛtaṃ caraṇa-prakṣālanādi-satkāra-śūnyam avajñātaṃ tūṅkārādy-anādara-bhāṣaṇopetaṃ ca yad dānaṃ tat tāmasam ||22||
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BhG 17.23-24
oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas trividhaḥ smṛtaḥ |
brāhmaṇās tena vedāś ca yajñāś ca vihitāḥ purā ||23||
tasmād om ity udāhṛtya yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ |
pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṃ brahma-vādinām ||24||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ vicāryamāṇe sarvam api yajña-tapo-dānādi rājasa-tāmasa-prāyam eveti vyartho yajñādi-prayāsa ity āśaṅkya tathāvidhasyāpi sāttvikatvopapādanāt prakāraṃ darśayitum āha om iti | oṃ tat sad iti trividho brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano nirdeśo nāma-vyapadeśaḥ smṛtaḥ śiṣṭaiḥ | tatra tāvad om iti brahma ity ādi śruti-prasiddher om iti brahmaṇo nāma | jagat-kāraṇatvenāti-prasiddhatvād aviduṣāṃ parokṣatvāc ca tac-chabdo 'pi brahmaṇo nāma | paramārtha-sattva-sādhutva-praśastatvādibhiḥ sac-chabdo 'pi brahmaṇo nāma | sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt ity ādi śruteḥ | ayaṃ trividho 'pi nāma nirdeśena brāhmaṇāś ca vedāś ca yajñāś purā sṛṣṭy-ādau vihitā vidhātrā nirmitāḥ | saguṇī-kṛtā iti vā | yathā yasyāyaṃ trividho nirdeśas tena paramātmanā brāhmaṇādayaḥ
pavitratamāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ | tasmāt tasyāyaṃ trividho nirdeśo 'tipraśasta ity arthaḥ ||23||
idānīṃ pratyekam oṅkārādīnāṃ prāśastyaṃ darśayiṣyann oṅkārasya tad evāha tasmād iti | yasmād evaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ praśastas tasmād om ity udāhṛtya uccārya kṛtā veda-vādināṃ yajñādyāḥ śāstroktāḥ kriyāḥ satataṃ sarvadā aṅga-vaikalye 'pi prakarṣeṇa vartante | saguṇā bhavantīty arthaḥ ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhya-kathanena sāttvikāni tāny ādeyāni rājasa-tāmasāni tu parihartavyānīty uktam | tatrāhārasya dṛṣṭārthatvena nāsty aṅga-vaiguṇyena phalābhāva-śaṅkā | yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ tv adṛṣṭārthānām aṅga-vaiguṇyād apūrvānutpattau phalābhāvaḥ syād iti sāttvikānī̀am api teṣām ānarthakyaṃ prāptaṃ pramāda-bahulatvād anuṣṭhātṝṇām atas tad-vaiguṇya-parihārārya oṃ tat sad iti bhagavan-nāmoccāraṇa-rūpaṃ sāmānya-prāyaścittaṃ parama-kāruṇikatayopadiśati bhagavān om iti | oṃ tat sad ity evaṃ-rūpo brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano nirdeśo nirdiśyate 'neneti nirdeśaḥ pratipādaka-śabdo nāmeti yāvat | trividhas tisro vidhā avayavā yasya sa trividhaḥ smṛto vedānta-vidbhiḥ | eka-vacanāt try-avayavam ekaṃ nāma
praṇavavat | yasmāt pūrvair maharṣibhir ayaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ smṛtas tasmād idānīntanair api smartavya iti vidhir atra kalpyate | vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathama-bhakṣa ity ādiṣv iva vacanāni tv apūrvatvād iti nyāyāt | yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyā-saṃyogāc cāsya tad avaiguṇyam eva phalaṃ ##ṣṭāśva-dagdha-ratha-vat-parasparākāṅkṣayā kalpyate |
pramādāt kurvatāṃ karma pracyavetādhvareṣu yat |
smaraṇād eva tad viṣṇoḥ sampūrṇaṃ syād iti śrutiḥ ||
iti smṛtes tathaiva śiṣṭācārāc ca | brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ stūyate karma-vaiguṇya-parihāra-sāmarthya-kathanāya | brāhmaṇā iti traivarṇikopalakṣaṇam | brāhmaṇādyāḥ kartāro vedāḥ karaṇāni yajñāḥ karmāṇi tena brahmaṇo nirdeśena karaṇa-bhūtena purā vihitāḥ prajāpatinā | tasmād yajñādi-sṛṣṭi-hetutvena tad-vaiguṇya-parihāra-samartho mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ nirdeśa ity arthaḥ ||23||
idānīm a-kāra-u-kāra-ma-kāra-vyākhyānena tat-samudāyoṃkāra-vyākhyānavad oṃkāra-tac-chabda-sac-chabda-vyākhyānena tat-samudāya-rūpaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaṃ stuty-atiśayāya vyākhyātum ārabhate caturbhiḥ | tatra prathamam oṃkāraṃ vyācaṣṭe tasmād iti | yasmād om iti brahma ity ādiṣu śrutiṣv om iti brahmaṇo nāma prasiddhaṃ tasmād om ity udāhṛtyoṃkāroccāraṇānantaraṃ vidhānoktā vidhi-śāstra-bodhitā brahma-vādināṃ veda-vādināṃ yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ satataṃ pravartante prakṛṣṭatayā vaiguṇya-rāhityena vartante | yasyaikāvayavoccāraṇād apy avaiguṇyaṃ kiṃ punas tasya sarvasyoccāraṇād iti stuty-atiśayaḥ ||24||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ tapo-yajñādīnāṃ traividhyaṃ sāmānyato manuṣya-mātram adhikṛtyoktam | tatra ye sāttvikeṣv api madhye brahma-vādinas teṣāṃ tu brahma-nirdeśa-pūrvakā eva yajñādayo bhavantīty āha oṃ tat sad ity evaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśo nāmnā vyapadeśaḥ smṛtaḥ | śiṣṭair deśitaḥ | tatra om iti sarva-śrutiṣu prasiddham eva brahmaṇo nāma | jagat-kāraṇatvenātiprasiddher atan-nirasanena ca prasiddhes tad iti ca | sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt iti śruteḥ sad iti ca | yasmāt oṃ tat sat śabda-vācyena brahmaṇaiva brāhmaṇā vedā yajñāś ca vihitāḥ kṛtās tasmāt om iti brahmaṇo nāmodāhṛtyoccārya vartamānānāṃ brahma-vādināṃ yajñādayaḥ pravartante ||23-24||
baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ tapo-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhya-kathanena sāttvikānāṃ teṣām upadeyatvaṃ, rājasādīnāṃ heyatvaṃ ca darśitam | atha sāttvikādhikāriṇāṃ yajñādīni viṣṇu-nāma-pūrvakāṇy evabhavantīty ucyate om iti | om ity ādikas trividho brahmaṇo viṣṇor nirdeśo nāma-dheyaṃ śiṣṭaiḥ smṛtaḥ | om ity etad brahmaṇo nediṣṭaṃ nāma iti śruteḥ | om ity ekaṃ nāma | tat tvam asi iti śruteḥ tad iti dvitīyaṃ nāma | sad eva saumya iti śruteḥ sad iti tṛtīyaṃ nāma | upalakṣaṇam idam | viṣṇv-ādi-nāmnāṃ tena trividhena nirdeśena brāhmaṇā vedā yajñāś ca purā caturmukhena vihitāḥ prakaṭitās tasmān mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ nirdeśas tat-pūrvakāṇāṃ yajñādīnāṃ nāṅga-vaiguṇyam | tena phala-vaiguṇyaṃ ca neti ||23||
yasmād evaṃ tasmād om iti nirdeśam udāhṛtyoccāryānuṣṭhitā brahma-vādināṃ sāttvikānāṃ trai-varṇikānāṃ yajñādyāḥ kriyāḥ pravartante | aṅga-vaikalye 'pi sāṅgatāṃ bhajantīti ||24||
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BhG 17.25
tad ity anabhisaṃdhāya phalaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ |
dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : dvitīyaṃ nāma prastautīti tad iti tad ity udāhṛtya iti pūrvasyānuṣaṅgaḥ | tad ity udāhṛtyoccārya śuddha-cittair mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ puruṣaiḥ phalābhisandhim akṛtvā yajñādyāḥ kriyāḥ kriyante | ataś citta-śodhana-dvāreṇa phala-saṅkalpa-tyajanena mumukṣutva-sampādakatvāt tac-chabda-nirdeśaḥ praśasta ity arthaḥ ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : dvitīyaṃ tac-chabdaṃ vyācaṣṭe tad iti | tattvam asi ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ tad iti brahmaṇo nāmodāhṛtya phalam anabhisandhāyāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā dāna-kriyāś ca vividhā mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ kriyante tasmād atipraśastam etat ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad ity udāhṛtyeti pūrvasyānuṣaṅgaḥ | anabhisandhāya phalābhisandhim akṛtvā ||25||
baladevaḥ : tad iti nirdeśam udāhṛtya phalam anabhisandhāya yajñādī-kriyā mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhis taiḥ kriyante anuṣṭhīyante | niṣkāmatayā mumukṣā-sampādanān mahā-prabhāvas tac-chabdaḥ ||26||
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BhG 17.26-27
sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate |
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate ||26||
yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate |
karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ sad ity evābhidhīyate ||27||
śrīdharaḥ : sac-chabdasya prāśastyam āha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve 'stitve | deva-dattasya putrādikam astīty asminn arthe | sādhu-bhāve ca sādhutve | deva-dattasya putrādi śreṣī̀oham ity asminn arthe | sad ity etat padaṃ prayujyate | praśaste māṅgalike vivāhādi-karmaṇi ca sad idaṃ karmeti sac-chabdo yujyate prayujyate | saṅgacchata iti vā ||26||
kiṃ ca yajña iti | yajñādiṣu ca yā sthitis tātparyenāvasthānaṃ tad api sad ity ucyate | yasya cedaṃ nāma-trayaṃ sa eva paramātmā arthaḥ phalaṃ yasya tat-tad-arthaṃ karma-pūjopahāra-gṛhāṅgana-parimārjanopalepana-raṅga-māṅgalikādi-kriyā tat-siddhaye yad anyat karma kriyata udyāna-śāli-kṣetra-dhanārjanādi-viṣayaṃ tat karma tad-arthīyam | tac cātivyavahitam api sad ity evābhidhīyate | yasmād evam ati-praśastam etan nāma-trayaṃ tasmād etat sarva-karma-sādguṇyārthaṃ kīrayed iti tātparyārthaḥ | atra cārthavādānupapattyā vidhiḥ kalpyate | vidheyaṃ stūyate vastv iti nyāyāt | apare tu pravartante vidhinoktāḥ kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ ity ādi vartamānopadeśaḥ samidhā yajatīty ādivad vidhitayā pariṇamanīya ity āhuḥ | tat tu sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve cety ādiṣu prāptārthatvān na saṅgacchata iti
pūrvokta-krameṇa vidhi-kalpanaiva jyāyasī ||27||
madhusūdanaḥ : tṛtīyaṃ sac-cabdaṃ vyācaṣṭe sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad eva somyedam agra āsīt ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ sad ity etad brahmaṇo nāma sad-bhāve 'vidyamānatva-śaṅkāyāṃ vidyamānatve sādhu-bhāve cāsādhutva-śaṅkāyāṃ sādhutve caprayujyate śiṣṭaiḥ | tasmād vaiguṇya-parihāreṇa yajñādeḥ sādhutvaṃ tat-phalasya ca vidyamānatvaṃ kartuṃ kṣamam etad ity arthaḥ | tathā sad-bhāva-sādhu-bhāvayor iva praśaste 'pratibandhenāśu-sukha-janake māṅgalike karmaṇi vivāhādau sac-chabdo he pārtha yujyate prayujyate | tasmād apratibandhenāśu-phala-janakatvaṃ vaiguṇya-parihāreṇa yajñādeḥ samartham etan nāmeti praśastataram etad ity arthaḥ ||26||
yajñe tapasi dāne ca yā sthitis tat-paratayāvasthitir niṣṭhā sāpi sad ity ucyate vidvadbhiḥ | karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ teṣu yajña-dāna-tapo-rūpeṣv artheṣu bhavaṃ tad-anukūlam eva ca karma tad-arthīyaṃ bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇaṃ karma vā tad-arthīyaṃ sad ity evābhidhīyate | tasmāt sad iti nāma karma-vaiguṇyāpanodana-samarthaṃ praśastataram | yasyaikaiko 'vayavo 'py etādṛśaḥ kiṃ vaktavyaṃ tat-samudāyasya oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśasya māhātmyam iti saṃpiṇḍitārthaḥ ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : brahma-vācakaḥ sac-chabdaḥ praśasteṣv api vartate | tasmāt praśasta-mātre karmaṇi prākṛte 'prākṛte 'pi sac-chabdaḥ prayoktavya ity āśayenāha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve brahmatve sādhu-bhāve brahma-vāditve prayujyate saṅgacchata ity arthaḥ | yajñādau sthitir yajñādi-tātparyeṇāvasthānam ity arthaḥ | tad-arthīyaṃ karma brahmacaryopayogi yat karma bhagavan-mandira-mārjanādikam tad api ||26-27||
baladevaḥ : sad iti nirdeśaḥ praśasteṣv arthāntareṣu vartate tasmāt praśaste karma-mātre sa prayojya iti bhāvenāha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve brahma-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca brahma-jñatve 'bhidhāyakatayā sac-chabdaḥ prayujyate sad eva saumya ity ādau | satāṃ prasaṅgāt ity ādau ca | tathā praśaste upanayana-vivāhādike ca māṅgalike karmaṇi sac-chabdo yujyate saṅgacchate | yajñādau yā teṣāṃ sthitis tātparyeṇāvasthitis tad api sad ity ucyate | yasyedaṃ nāma-trayaṃ tad-arthīyaṃ karma ca tan-mandira-nirmāṇa-tad-vimārjanādi sad ity abhidhīyate | atra trividho 'yaṃ nirdeśaḥ smartavya iti vidhiḥ kalpyate | vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathamaṃ bhakṣyaḥ ity ādāv iva vacanāni tv apūrvatvād iti nyāyād yajña-dānādi-saṃyogāc cāsya tad-vaiguṇyam eva phalam |
pramādāt kurvatāṃ karma pracyavetādhvareṣu yat |
smaraṇād eva tad viṣṇoḥ sampūrṇaṃ syād iti śrutiḥ || iti smaraṇāc ca ||26-27||
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BhG 17.28
aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapas taptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat |
asad ity ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya no iha ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-karmasu śraddhayaiva praṛtty-artham aśraddhayā kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ nindati aśraddhayeti | aśraddhayā hutaṃ havanam | dattaṃ dānam | tapas taptaṃ nirvartitam | yac cānyad api kṛtaṃ karma | tat sarvam asad ity ucyate yatas tat pretya lokāntare na phalati viguṇatvāt | no iha na ca asmin loke phalati ayaśaskatvāt |
rajas-tamo-mayīṃ tyaktvā śraddhāṃ sattva-mayīṃ śritaḥ |
tattva-jñāne 'dhikārī syād iti saptadaśe sthitam ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ : yady ālasyādinā śāstrīyaṃ vidhim utsṛjya śraddadhānatayaiva vṛddha-vyavahāra-mātreṇa yajña-tapo-dānādi kurvatāṃ pramādād vaiguṇyaṃ prāpta oṃ tat sad iti brahma-nirdeśena tat-parihāras tarhy aśraddadhānatayā śāstrīyaṃ vidhim utsṛjya kāma-kāreṇa yat kiṃcid yajñādi kurvatām asurāṇām api tenaiva vaiguṇya-parihāraḥ syād iti kṛtaṃ śraddhayā sāttvikatva-hetu-bhūtayety ata āha aśraddhayeti | aśraddhayā yad dhutaṃ havanaṃ kṛtam agnau dattaṃ yad brāhmaṇebhyo yat tapas taptaṃ yac cānyat karma kṛtaṃ stuti-namaskārādi tat sarvam aśraddhayā kṛtam asad asādhv ity ucyate | ata eva oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśena na tasya sādhu-bhāvaḥ śakyate kartuṃ sarvathā tad-ayogyatvāc chilāyā ivāṅkuraḥ |
tat kasmād asad ity ucyate śṛṇu he pārtha | co hetau | yasmāt tad-aśraddhākṛtaṃ na pretya para-loke phalati viguṇatvenāpūrvājanakatvāt | no iha nāpīha loke yaśaḥ sādhubhir ninditatvāt | ata aihikāmuṣmika-phala-vikalatvād aśraddhā-kṛtasya sāttvikyā śraddhayaiva sāttvikaṃ yajñādi kuryād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhaye | tādṛśasyaiva śraddhā-pūrvakasya sāttvikasya yajñāder daivād vaiguṇya-śaṅkāyāṃ brahmaṇo nāma-nirdeśena sādguṇyaṃ sampādanīyam iti paramārthaḥ | śraddhā-pūrvakam asāttvikam api yajñādi viguṇaṃ brahmaṇo nāma-nirdeśena sāttvikaṃ sa-guṇaṃ ca sampāditaṃ bhavatīti bhāṣyam |
tad evam asminn adhyāya ālasyādinānādṛta-śāstrāṇāṃ śraddhā-pūrvakaṃ vṛddha-vyavahāra-mātreṇa pravartamānānāṃ śāstrānādareṇāsura-sādharmyeṇa śraddhā-pūrvakānuṣṭhānena ca deva-sādharmyeṇa kim asurā amī devā vety arjuna-saṃśaya-viṣayāṇāṃ rājasa-tāmasa-śraddhā-pūrvakaṃ rājasa-tāmasa-yajñādi-kāriṇo 'surāḥ śāstrīya-jñāna-sādhanān adhikāriṇaḥ sāttvika-śraddhā-pūrvakaṃ sāttvika-yajñādi-kāriṇas tu devāḥ śāstrīya-jñāna-sādhanādhikāriṇa iti śraddhā-traividhya-pradarśana-mukhenāhārādi-traividhya-pradarśanena bhagavatā nirṇayaḥ kṛta iti siddham ||28||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||17||
viśvanāthaḥ : sat karma śrutam | tathāsat karma kim ity apekṣāyām āha aśraddayeti | hutaṃ havanam | dattaṃ dānam | tapas taptaṃ kṛtam | yad anyac cāpi karma kṛtaṃ tat sarvam asad iti hutam apy ahutam eva | dattam apy adattam eva | tapo 'py ataptam eva kṛtam apy akṛtam eva | yatas tat na pretya na para-loke phalati nāpīha-loke phalati ||28||
ukteṣu vividheṣv eva sāttvikaṃ śraddhayā kṛtam |
yat syāt tad eva mokṣārham ity adhyāyārtha īritaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsv ayaṃ saptadaśaḥ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||
||17||
baladevaḥ : atha sāttvikyā śraddhayā sarveṣu karmasu pravartitavyam | tayā vinā sarvaṃ vyartham iti nindati aśraddhayeti | hutaṃ homo | dattaṃ dānam | taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ yac cānyad api stuti-praṇaty-ādi-karma kṛtaṃ, tat sarvam asan nindyam ity ucyate | kuta ity atrāha na ceti | hetau ca-śabdo yato 'śraddhayā kṛtaṃ, tat pretya para-loke na phalati viguṇāt tasmāt pūrvānutpatter nāpīha loke kīrtiḥ sadbhir ninditatvāt ||28||
śraddhāṃ svabhāvajāṃ hitvā śāstrajāṃ tāṃ samāśritaḥ |
niḥśreyasādhikārī syād iti saptadaśī sthitiḥ ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||17||