Bhagavadgita 16
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Visvanatha and Baladeva

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BhG 16.1

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ |
dānaṃ damaś ca yajñaś ca svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam ||1||
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ śāntir apaiśunam |
dayā bhūteṣv aloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīr acāpalam ||2||
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucam adroho nātimānitā |
bhavanti saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijātasya bhārata ||3||

śrīdharaḥ :
āsurīṃ sampadaṃ tyaktvā daivīm evāśritā narāḥ |
mucyanta iti nirṇetuṃ tad-viveko 'tha ṣoḍaśe ||

pūrvādhyāyās tu etad-buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛta-kṛtyaś ca bhāratety uktam | tatra ka etat tattvaṃ budhyate | ko vā na budhyate | ity apekṣāyāṃ tattva-jñāne 'dhikāriṇo 'nadhikāriṇaś ca vivekārthaṃ ṣoḍaśādhyāyasyārambhaḥ | nirūpite hi kāryārthe 'dhikāri-jijñāsā bhavati | tad uktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ --

bhāro yo yena voḍhavyaḥ sa prāg āndolitā yadā |
tadā kaṇḍasya voḍheti śakyaṃ kartuṃ nirūpaṇam || iti |

tatrādhikāri-viśeṣaṇa-bhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadam āha abharam iti tribhiḥ | abhayaṃ bhayābhāvaḥ | sattvasya cittasya saṃśuddhiḥ suprasannatā | jñāna-yoga ātma-jñānopāye vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyasya annāder yathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | yajño yathādhikāraṃ darśa-paurṇamāsādiḥ | svādhyāyo brahma-yajñādiḥ | japa-yajño vā | tapa uttarādhyāye vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavam avakratā ||1||

kiṃ cāhiṃseti | ahiṃsā para-pīḍāvarjanam | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-bhāṣaṇam | akrodhas tāḍitasyāpi citte kṣobhānutpattiḥ | tyāga audāryam | śāntiś cittoparatiḥ | paiśunaṃ parokṣe para-doṣa-prakāśanam | tad-varjanam apaiśunam | bhūteṣu dīneṣu dayā | alolupatam alolupatvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | avarṇa-lopa ārṣaḥ | mārdavaṃ mṛdutvam akrūratā | hrīr akārya-pravṛttau loka-lajjā | acāpalaṃ vyartha-kriyā-rāhityam ||2||

kiṃ ca teja iti | tejaḥ prāgalbhyam | kṣamā paribhavādiṣu utpadyamāneṣu krodha-pratibandhaḥ | dhṛtir duḥkhādibhir avasīdataś cittasya sthirīkaraṇam | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantara-śuddhiḥ | adroho jighāṃsā-rāhityam | ātimānitā ātmany atipūjyatvābhimānaḥ | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā | etāny abhayādīni ṣaḍ-viṃśati-prakārāṇi daivīṃ sampadam abhijātasya bhavanti | deva-yogyāṃ sāttvikīṃ sampadam abhilakṣya tad-ābhimukhyena jātasya | bhāvi-kalyāṇasya puṃso bhavantīty arthaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : anantārādhyāye adhaś ca mūlāny anusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke [Gītā 15.2] ity atra manuṣya-dehe prāg-bhavīya-karmānusāreṇa vyajyamānā vāsanāḥ saṃsārasyāvāntara-mūlatvenoktās tāś ca daivyāsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo navame 'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tatra veda-bodhita-karmātma-jñānopāyaānuṣṭhāna-pravṛtti-hetuḥ sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā daivī prakṛtir ity ucyate | evaṃ vaidika-niṣedhātikrameṇa svabhāva-siddha-rāga-dveṣānusāri-sarvānartha-hetu-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanāsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛtir ucyate | tatra ca viṣaya-bhoga-prādhānyena rāga-prābalyād āsurītvaṃ hiṃsā-prādhānyena dveṣa-prābalyād rākṣasītvam iti vivekaḥ | samprati tu śāstrānusāreṇa tad-vihita-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā daivī sampat | śāstrātikrameṇa tan-niṣiddha-viṣaya-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanā rākṣasy āsuryor ekīkaraṇenāsurī sampad iti dvairāśyenaśubhāśubha-vāsanābhedaṃ dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ śubhānām ādānāyāśubhānāṃ hānāya ca pratipādayituṃ ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatrādau śloka-trayenṇādeyāṃ daivīṃ sampadam |

śāstropadiṣṭe 'rthe sandehaṃ vinānuṣṭāna-niṣṭhatvam ekākī sarva-parigraha-śūnyaḥ kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhaya-rāhityaṃ vābhayam | sattvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya śuddhir nirmalatā tasyāḥ samyaktā bhagavat-tattva-sphūrti-yogyatā sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ para-vañcana-māyānṛtādi-parivarjanaṃ vā | parasya vyājena vaśīkaraṇaṃ para-vañcanam | hṛdaye 'nyathā kṛtvā bahir anyathā vyavaharaṇaṃ māyā, anyathādṛṣṭa-kathanam anṛtam ity ādi | jñānaṃ śāstrād ātma-tattvasyāvagamaḥ | cittaikāgratayā tasya svānubhavārūḍhatvaṃ yogaḥ | tayor vyāvasthitiḥ sarvadā tan-niṣṭhatā jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ | yadā tv abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtābhaya-dāna-saṅkalpa-pālanam | etac cānyeṣām api paramahaṃsa-dharmāṇām upalakṣaṇam | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ śravaṇādi-paripākeṇāntaḥ-karaṇasyāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanādi-mala-rāhityam | jñānam ātma-sākṣātkāraḥ | yogo mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayānukūlaḥ puruṣa-prayatnas tābhyāṃ viśiṣṭā saṃsāri-vilakṣaṇāvasthitir jīvan-muktir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitir ity evaṃ vyākhyāyate tadā phala-mūrtaiva daivī sampad iyaṃ draṣṭavyā | bhagavad-bhaktiṃ vināntaḥ-karaṇa-saṃśuddher ayogāt tayā sāpi kathitā |

mahātmānas tu māṃ pārtha daivīṃ prakṛtim āśritāḥ |
bhajanty ananya-manaso jñātvā bhūtādim avyayam ||13||

iti navame daivyāṃ sampadi bhagavad-bhakter uktatvāc ca | bhagavad-bhakter atiśreṣṭhatvād abhayādibhiḥ saha pāṭho na kṛta iti draṣṭavyam |

mahā-bhāgyānāṃ paramahaṃsānāṃ phala-bhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadam uktvā tato nyūnānāṃ gṛhasthādīnāṃ sādhana-bhūtām āha dānaṃ sva-svatvāspadānām annādīnāṃ yathā-śakti śāstroktaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyama ṛtu-kālādy-atirikta-kāle maithunādy-abhāvaḥ | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ nivṛtti-lakṣaṇa-dharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | yajñaś ca śrauto 'gnihotra-darśapaurṇamāsādiḥ | smārto deva-yajñaḥ pitṛ-yajño bhūta-yajño manuṣya-yajña iti caturvidhaḥ | brahma-yajñasya svādhyāya-padena pṛthag-ukteḥ | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇa-dharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | etat trayaṃ gṛhasthasya | svādhyāyo brahma-yajño 'dṛṣṭārtham ṛg-vedādyadhyayana-rūpaḥ | yajña-śabdena pañca-vidha-mahā-yajñokti-sambhave 'py asādhāraṇyena bramacāri-dharmatva-kathanārthaṃ pṛthag-uktiḥ | tapas tri-vidhaṃ śārīrādi saptadaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ vānaprasthasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | evaṃ caturṇām āśramāṇām asādhāraṇān dharmān uktvā caturṇāṃ varṇānām asādhāraṇa-dharmān āha ārjavam avakratvaṃ śraddadhāneṣu śrotṛṣu sva-jñātārthāsaṃgopanam ||1||

prāṇi-vṛtti-cchedo hiṃsā tad-ahetutvam ahiṃsā | satyam anarthānanubandhi yathābhūtārtha-vacanam | parair ākrośe tāḍane vā kṛte sati prāpto yaḥ krodhas tasya tat-kālam upaśamanam akrodhaḥ | dānasya prāg-uktes tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | damasya prāg-ukteḥ śāntir antaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | parasmai parokṣe para-doṣa-prakāśanaṃ paiśunam, tad-abhāvo 'paiśunam | dayā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣv anukampā | aloluptvam alolupatvam indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-saṃnidhāne 'py avikriyatvam | mārdavaṃ akrūratvam vṛthāpūrvapakṣādi-kāriṣv api śiṣyādiṣv apriya-bhāṣaṇādi-vyatirekeṇa yodhayitṛtvam | hrīr akārya-pravṛtty-ārambhe tat-pratibandhikā loka-lajjā | acāpalam prayojanaṃ vināpi vāk-pāṇy-ādi-vyāpārayitṛtvaṃ cāpalaṃ tad-abhāvaḥ | ārjavādayo 'cāpalāntā brāhmaṇasyāsādharaṇā dharmāḥ ||2||

tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ strī-bālakādibhir mūḍhair anabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā saty api sāmarthye paribhava-hetuṃ prati krodhasyānutpattiḥ | dhṛtir dehendriyeṣv avasādaṃ prāpteṣv api tad-uttambhakaḥ prayana-viśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni śarīraṃ ca nāvasīdanti | etat trayaṃ kṣatriyasyāsādhāraṇam | śaucam ābhyantaram artha-prayogādau māyānṛtādi-rāhityaṃ na tu mṛjjalādi-janitam bāhyam atra grāhyaṃ tasya śarīra-śuddhi-rūpatayā bāhyatvenāntaḥkaraṇa-vāsanātvābhāvāt | tad-vāsanānām eva sāttvikādi-bheda-bhinnānāṃ daivy-āsuryādi-sampad-rūpatvenātra pratipipādāyiṣitatvāt | svādhyāyādivat kenacid rūpeṇa vāsanā-rūpatve tad apy ādeyam eva | drohaḥ para-jighāṃsayā śastra-grahaṇādi tad-abhāvo 'drohaḥ | etad dvayaṃ vaiśyasyāsādhāraṇam | asty arthaṃ mānitātmani pūjyatvātiśaya-bhāvanātimiānitā | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā pūjyeṣu namratā | ayaṃ śūdrasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] ity ādi śrutyā vividiṣaupayikatayā viniyuktā asādhāraṇāḥ sādhāraṇāś ca varṇāśrama-dharmā ihopalakṣyante | ete dharmā bhavanti niṣpadyante daivīṃ śuddha-sattva-mayīṃ sampadaṃ vāsanā-santatiṃ śarīrārambha-kāle puṇya-karmabhir abhivyaktām abhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya taṃ vidyā-karmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrva-prajñā ca [BAU 4.4.2], puṇyaḥ puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ | he bhārateti sambhodayn śuddha-vaṃśodbhavatvena pūtatvāt tvam etādṛśa-dharma-yogyo 'sīti sūcayati ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ :

ṣoḍaśe sampadaṃ daivīm āsurīm apy avarṇayat |
sargaṃ ca dvividhaṃ daivam āsuraṃ prabhur akṣayāt ||

anantarādhyāye ūrdhva-mūlam adhaḥ-śākham ity ādinā varṇitasya saṃsārāśvattha-vṛkṣasya phalāni na varṇitānīty anusmṛtyāsminn adhyāye tasya dvividhāni mokacāni bandhakāni ca phalāni varṇayiṣyan prathamṃ mokaāny āha abhayam iti tribhiḥ | tyakta-putra-kalatrādika ekākī nirjane vane kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhaya-rāhityam abhayam | sattva-saṃśuddhiś citta-prasādaḥ | jñāna-yoge jñānopāye 'mānitvādau vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyānnāder yathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | yajño deva-pūjā | svādhyāyo veda-pāṭhḥ | ādīni spaṣṭāni | tyāgaḥ putra-kalatrādiṣu yamatā-tyāgaḥ | aloluptvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | etāni ṣaḍ-viṃśatir abhayādīni daivīṃ sāttvikīṃ samapdam abhilakṣya jātasya sāttvikyāḥ sampadaḥ prāpt-vyañjake kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃso bhavanti ||1-3||

baladevaḥ :

daivīṃ tathāsurīṃ kṛṣṇaḥ sampadaṃ ṣoḍaśe 'bravīt |
pādeyatva-heyatve bodhayan kramatas tayoḥ ||

pūrvatra aśvattha-mūlāny anusantatāni ity ādinā prācīna-karma-nimittāḥ śubhāśubha-vāsanāḥ saṃsāra-taror avāntara-mūlatvenoktāḥ | etā eva navame daivy āsurī rākṣasī cetei prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo nigaditāḥ | tatra vaidikārthānuṣṭhān ahetuḥ sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā mokṣopāyoginī daivī prakṛtiḥ | saiveha daivī sampat taror upādeyaṃ phalam | svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣānusāriṇī sarvānartha-hetū rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanā āsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛti-niraya-nipātopayoginī sā | sā cāsura-sampattayor heyaṃ phalam ity etad bodhayituṃ ṣoḍaśasyārambhaḥ |

atra daivīṃ sampadaṃ bhagavān uvāca abhayam ity ādinā trikeṇa | caturṇām āśramāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ ca dharmāḥ kramād iha kathyante | sannyāsināṃ tāvad āha abhayaṃ nirudyamaḥ katham ekākī jiviṣyāmīti bhaya-śūnyatvam | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ svāśrama-dharmānuṣṭhānena mano-nairmalyam | jñāna-yoge śravaṇādau jñānopāye | vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭheti trayam ||

atha brahmacāriṇām āha svādhyāyo brahma-yajñaḥ śaktimato bhagavataḥ prati-pādako 'yam apauruṣeyo 'kṣara-rāśir ity anusandhāya vedābhyāsa-niṣṭhatety ekam |

atha vānaprasthānām āha tapa iti | tac ca śarīrādi-tribhedam ity aṣṭādaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ bodhyam ity ekam |

atha varṇeṣu viprāṇām āha ārjavaṃ sāralyam | tac ca śraddhālu-śrotṛṣu sva-jñātārthāgopanaṃ jñeyam | ahiṃsā prāṇi-jīvikānucchedakatā | satyam anrthān anubhandi-yathādṛṣṭārtha-viṣayaṃ vākyam | akrodho durjana-kṛte sva-tiraskāre 'bhyuditasya kopasya nirodhaḥ | tyāgo durukter api tatrāprakāśaḥ | śāntir manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ | apaiśunaṃ parokṣe parānartha-kāri-vākyāprakāśanam | bhūteṣu dayā tad-duḥkhāsahiṣṇutā | aloluptvaṃ nirlobhatā | pa-lopaś chāndasaḥ | mārdavaṃ komalatvam sat-pātra-saṅga-vicchedāsahanam | hrīr vikarmaṇi lajjā | acāpalaṃ vyartha-kriyā-viraha iti dvādaśa |

atha kṣatriyāṇām āha tejas tuccha-janānabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā saty api sāmarthey svāsamānaṃ paribhāvakaṃ prati kopānudayaḥ | dhṛtiḥ śarīrendriyeṣv api tad-uttambhakaḥ prayatno yena teṣāṃ nāvasādaḥ syād iti trayam |

atha vaiśyānām āha śaucaṃ vyāpāre vāṇijye māyānṭrādi-rāhityam | adrohaḥ para-jighāṃsayā khaḍgādya-grahaṇam iti dvayam |

atha śūdrānām āha nātimānitā ātmani pūjyatva-bhāvanā-śūnyatā viprādiṣu triṣu namratety ekam iti ṣaḍ-viṃśatiḥ |

ete tatra tatra pradhāna-bhūtā bodhyā anuktānām apy upalakṣaṇārthāḥ | dehārambha-kālonmukhaiḥ sukṛtair vyaktāṃ daivīṃ śubha-vāsanām abhilakṣīkṛtya jātasya puruṣasya bhavanti udayante --puṇyaḥ puṇye karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena iti śruteḥ | devāh khalu pareśānu-vṛtti-śīlās teṣām iyaṃ sampad anayā tat-prāpaka-jñāna-bhakti-sambhavāt saṃsāra-taror upādeyaṃ phalam etat ||1-3||

__________________________________________________________

BhG 16.4

dambho darpo 'timānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca |
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha saṃpadam āsurīm ||4||

śrīdharaḥ : āsurīṃ sampadam āha dambha iti | dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo dhana-vidyādi-nimittaś cittasyotsekaḥ | abhimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇaṃ cakṣuṣmān virūpaṃ rūpavān hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ ca aviveka-jñānaṃ mithyā-pratyayaḥ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha kim abhijātasyeti | āha āsurānāṃ sampad āsurī | tām abhijātasyety arthaḥ ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : ādeyatvena daivīṃ sampadam uktvedānīṃ heyatvenāsurīṃ saṃpadam ekena ślokena saṃkṣipyāha dambha iti | dambho dāarmikatayātmanaḥ khyāpanaṃ tad eva dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo dhana-svajanādi-nimitto mahad-avadhīraṇā-hetur garva-viśeṣaḥ | atimāna ātmany atyanta-pūjyatvātiśayādhyāropaḥ | devāś ca vā asurāś cobhaye prājāpatyāḥ paspṛdhire tato 'surā atimānenaiva kasmin nu vayaṃ juhuyāmeti sveṣv evāsyeṣu juhvataś cerus te 'timānenaiva parāvabhūvus tasmān nātimanyeta parābhavasya hy etan-mukhaṃ yad atimānaḥ iti śatapatha-śruty-uktaḥ | krodhaś ca sva-parāpakāra-vṛtti-hetur abhijvalanātmako 'ntaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | pāruṣyam pratyakṣa-rūkṣa-vadana-śīlatvam | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ bhāva-bhūtānāṃ cāpalādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | ajñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-vivekābhāvaḥ | ca-śabdo 'nuktānām abhāva-bhūtānām adhṛty-ādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | āsurīm asura-ramaṇa-hetu-bhūtāṃ rajas-tamo-mayīṃ sampadam aśubha-vāsanā-santatiṃ śarīrārambha-kāle pāpa-karmabhir abhivyaktām abhilakṣya jātasya kupuruṣasya dambhādyā ajñānāntā doṣā eva bhavanti na tv abhayādyā guṇā ity arthaḥ | he pārtheti sambodhayan viśuddha-mātṛkatvena tad-ayogyatvaṃ sūcayati ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : bandhakāni phalāny āha dambhaḥ svasyādharmikatve 'pi dhārmikatva-prakhyāpanam | darpo dhana-vidyādi-hetuko garvo 'bhimāno 'nya-kṛta-sammānanākāṅkṣitatvaṃ kalatra-putrādiṣv āsaktir vā | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | pāruṣyaṃ niṣṭhuratā | ajñānam avivekaḥ | āsurīm ity upalakṣaṇaṃ rākṣasīm api sampadam abhijātasya rājasyāstāmasasyaś ca sampadaḥ prāpti-sūcaka-kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃsa etāni dambhādīni bhavantīty arthaḥ ||4||

baladevaḥ : atha naraka-hetum āsurīṃ sampadam āha dambha ity ekena | dambho dhārmikatva-khyātaye dharmānuṣṭhānam | darpo vidyābhijana-janyo garvaḥ | svasminn abhyarcatva-buddhiḥ | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | pāruṣyam pratyakṣaṃ rukṣa-bhāṣitam | ca-kāraś cāpalādeḥ samuccāyakaḥ | ajñānaṃ kāryākārya-viveka-dhī-śūnyatvam | cakāro 'dhṛtyādeḥ samuccāyakaḥ | ete dehārambha-kālonmukhair duṣkṛtair vyaktām āsurīm aśubha-vāsanām abhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya bhavanti | pāpaḥ pāpena iti śrutiḥ ||4||

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BhG 16.5

daivī saṃpad vimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā |
mā śucaḥ saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'si pāṇḍava ||5||

śrīdharaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ kāryaṃ darśayann āha daivīti | daivī vā sampat tayā yukto mayopadiṣṭe tattva-jñāne 'dhikārī | āsuryā sampadā yuktas tu nityaṃ saṃsārīty arthaḥ | etac chrutvā kim aham atrādhikārī na veti sandeh-vvyākula-cittam arjunam āśvāsayati he pāṇḍava mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yatas tvaṃ daivīṃ sampad abhijāto 'si ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : anayoḥ sampadoḥ phala-vibhāgo 'bhidhīyate daivīti | yasya varṇasya yasyāśramasya ca yā vihitā sāttvikī phalābhisandhi-rahitā kriyā sā tasya daivī sampat sā sattva-śuddhi-bhagavad-bhakti-jñāna-yoga-sthiti-paryantā satī saṃsāra-bandhanād vimokṣāya kaivalyāya bhavati | ataḥ saivopādeyā śreyo 'rthibhiḥ | yā tu yasya śāstra-niṣiddhā phalābhisandhi-pūrvā sāhaṅkārā ca rājasī tāmasī kriyā tasya sā sarvāpy āsurī sampat | ato rākṣasī api tad-antar-bhūtaiva | sā nibandhāya niyatāya saṃsāra-bandhāya matā saṃmatā śāstrāṇāṃ tad-anusāriṇāṃ ca | ataḥ sā heyaiva śreyo 'rthibhir ity arthaḥ | tatraivaṃ saty ahaṃ kayā sampadā yukta iti sandihānam arjunam āśvāsayati bhagavān | mā śucaḥ | aham āsuryāṃ sampadā yukta iti śaṅkayā śokam anutāpaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | daivīṃ sampadam abhilakṣya jāto 'si prāg-arjita-kalyāṇo bhāvi-kalyāṇaś ca tvam asi he pāṇḍava pāṇḍu-putreṣv anyeṣv api daivī sampat prasiddhā kiṃ punas tvayīti bhāvaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ kāryaṃ darśayati daivīti | hanta hanta śar-prahārair bandhūn jighaṃsoḥ pāruṣya-krodhādi-mato mamaiveyam āsurī-sampat saṃsāra-bandha-prāpikā dṛśyata iti khidyantam arjunam āśvāsayati mā śucaḥ iti | pāṇḍaveti tava kṣatriya-kulotpannasya saṅgrāme pāruṣya-krodhādyā dharma-śāstre vihitā eva | tad-anyatraiva te hiṃsādyā āsurī sampad iti bhāvaḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ phala-bhedam āha daivīty ardhakena sphuṭam | bāṇa-vṛṣṭyā pūjyā droṇādīn jighaṃsoḥ krodha- pāruṣyavato mameyam āsurī sampat narakaṃ janayed iti śocayantaṃ pārtham ālakṣāha mā śuca iti | he pāṇḍaveti kṣatriyasya te yuddhe bāṇa-nikṣepa-pāruṣyādikaṃ vihitatvāt diavy eva sampat tato 'nyatra tv āsurīti mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kuru || 5||

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BhG 16.6

dvau bhūta-sargau loke 'smin daiva āsura eva ca |
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śṛṇu ||6||

śrīdharaḥ : āsurī sampat sarvātmanā varjayitavyety etad artham āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayitum āha dvāv iti | dvau dvi-prakārau bhūtānāṃ sargau me sad-vacanāt śṛṇu | āsura rākṣasa-prakṛtyor ekī-karaṇena dvāv ity uktam | ato rākṣasīm āsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritā ity ādinā navādhyāyokta-prakṛti-traividhyenāvirodhaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhavatu rākṣasī prakṛtir āsuryām antar-bhūtā śāstra-niṣiddha-kriyonmukhatvena sāmānyāt kāmopabhoga-prādhānya-prāṇi-hiṃsā-prādhānyābhyāṃ kvacid bhedena vyapadeśopapatteḥ, mānuṣī tu prakṛtis tṛtīyā pṛthag asti trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryam ūṣur devā manuṣyā asurāḥ [BAU 5.2.1] iti śruteḥ | ataḥ sāpi heya-koṭāv upādeya-koṭau vā vaktavyety atrāha dvāv iti |

asmin loke sarvasminn api saṃsāra-mārge dvau dvi-prakārāv eva bhūta-sargau manuṣya-sargau bhavataḥ | kau tau daiva āsuraś ca, na tu rākṣaso mānuṣo vādhikaḥ sargo 'stīty arthaḥ | yo yadā manuṣyaḥ śāstra-saṃskāra-prābalyena svabhāva-siddhau rāga-dveṣāv abhibhūya dharma-parāyaṇo bhavati sa tadā devaḥ | yadā tu svabhāva-siddha-rāga-dveṣa-prābalyena śāstra-saṃskāram abhibhūyādharma-parāyaṇo bhavati sa tadāsura iti dvaividhyopapatteḥ | na hi dharmādharmābhyāṃ tṛtīyā koṭir asti | tathā ca śrūyate -- dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca | tataḥ kānīyasā eva devā jyāyasā asurās ta eṣu lokeṣv aspardhanta | te ha devā ūcur hantāsurān yajña udgīthenātyayām eti [BAU 1.3.1] iti | dama-dāna-dayā-vidhi-pare tu vākye trayāḥ prājāpatyā ity ādau dama-dāna-dayā-rahitā manuṣyā asurā eva santaḥ kenacit sādharmyeṇa devā manuṣyā asurā ity upacaryanta iti nādhikyāvakāśaḥ | ekenaiva da ity akṣareṇa prajāpatinā dama-rahitān manuṣyān prati damopadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ | dāna-rahitān prati dānopadeśaḥ, dayā-rahitān prati dayopadeśaḥ, na tu vijātīyā eva devāsura-manuṣyā iha vivakṣitā mauṣyādhikāratvāc chāstrasya | tathā cānta upasaṃharati -- tad etad evaiṣā daivī vāg anuvadati stanayitnur da da da iti dāmyata datta dayadhvamiti | tad etat trayaṃ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayām [BAU 5.2.3] iti | tasmād rākṣasī mānuṣī ca prakṛtir āsuryām evāntarbhavatīti yuktam uktaṃ dvau bhūta-sargāv iti |

tatra daivo bhūta-sargo mayā tvāṃ prati visataraśo vistara-prakāraiḥ proktaḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇe dvitīye bhakta-lakṣaṇe dvādaśe jñāna-lakṣaṇe trayodaśe guṇātīta-lakṣaṇe caturdaśa iha cābhayam ity ādinā | idānīm āsuraṃ bhūta-sargaṃ me mad-vacanair vistaraśaḥ pratipādyamānaṃ tvaṃ śṛṇu hānārtham avadhāraya samyaktayā jñātasya hi parivarjanaṃ śakyate kartum iti | he pārtheti sambandha-sūcanenānupekṣaṇīyatāṃ darśayati ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad api viṣaṇṇam arjunaṃ praty āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayitum āha dvāv iti | vistaraśaḥ prokta ity abhayaḥ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādi ||6||

baladevaḥ : tathāpy anivṛtta-śokaṃ tam ālakṣya āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayati dvāv iti | asmin karmādhikāriṇi manuṣya-loke dvivdhau bhūta-sargau manuṣya-sṛṣṭī bhavataḥ | yadāyaṃ manuṣya-loke śāstrāt svābhāvikau rāga-dveṣau vinirdhūya śāstrīyārthānuṣṭhāyī tadā daivaḥ | yadā śāstram utsṛjya svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣādhīno 'śāstrīyān dharmān ācarati, tadā tv āsuraḥ | na hi dharmādharmābhyām anyā koṭi-sṛtīyāsti | śrutiś caivam āha - dvayā ha prājapatyā devāś cāsurāś ca ity [BAU 1.3.1] ādinā | tatra daivo vistaraśaḥ proktaḥ abhayam ity ādinā | athāsuraṃ śṛṇu vistaraśo vakṣyāmi ||6||

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BhG 16.7

pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidur āsurāḥ |
na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate ||7||

śrīdharaḥ : āsurīṃ vistaraśo nirūpayati pravṛttiṃ cety ādi-dvādaśabhiḥ | dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttiṃ cāsura-svabhāvā janā na jānanti | ataḥ śaucam ācāraḥ satyaṃ ca teṣu nāsty eva ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : varjanīyām āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prāṇi-viśeṣaṇatayā tān aham ity ataḥ prāktanair dvādaśabhiḥ ślokair vivṛṇoti pravṛttim iti | pravṛttiṃ pravṛtti-viṣayaṃ dharmaṃ ca-kārāt tat-pratipādakaṃ niṣedha-vākyaṃ cāsura-svabhāvā janā na jānanti | atas teṣu na śaucaṃ dvividhaṃ nāpy ācāro manv-ādibhir uktaḥ | na satyaṃ ca priya-hita-yathārtha-bhāṣaṇaṃ vidyate | śauca-satyayor ācārāntarbhāve 'pi brāhmaṇa-parivrājaka-nyāyena pṛthag-upādānam | aśaucā anācārā anṛta-vādino hy āsurā māyāvinaḥ prasiddhāḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttim ||7||

baladevaḥ : āsuraṃ sargam āha pravṛttiṃ ceti dvādaśabhiḥ | āsurā janā dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttim ca na jānanti | ca-kārābhyāṃ tayoḥ pratipādake vidhi-niṣedha-vākye ca na jānanti | vedeṣv āsthābhāvād ity uktam | teṣu śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantaraṃ tat-pravṛtty-upayogi na vidyate | nāpy ācāro manvādibhir uktaḥ | na ca satyaṃ prāṇihitānubandhi yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-viṣaya-vākyam iti gṛdhra-gomāyuvat teṣām upadeśādi ||7||

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BhG 16.8

asatyam apratiṣṭhaṃ te jagad āhur anīśvaram |
aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kim anyat kāma-haitukam ||8||

śrīdharaḥ : nanu vedoktayor dharmādharmayoḥ pravṛttiṃ nivṛttiṃ ca kathaṃ na viduḥ | kuto vā dharmādharmayor anaṅgīkāre jagataḥ sukha-duḥkhādi-vyavasthā syāt | kathaṃ vā śaucācārādi-viṣayān īśvarājñān ativarteran | īśvarānaṅgīkāre ca kuto jagad-utpattiḥ syāt | ata āha asatyam iti | nāsti satyaṃ veda-purāṇādi-pramāṇaṃ yasmin tādṛśaṃ jagad āhuḥ | vedādīnāṃ prāmāṇyaṃ na manyanta ity arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ trayo vedasya kartāro bhaṇḍa-dhūrta-niśācarā ity ādi || ataeva nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhā vyavasthā-hetur yasya tat | svābhāvikaṃ jagad-vaicitryam āhur ity arthaḥ | ataeva nāsti īśvaraḥ kartā vyavasthāpakaś ca yasya tādṛśaṃ jagad āhuḥ | tarhi kuto 'sya jagata utpattiṃ vadantīti | ata āha aparaspara-sambhūtam iti | aparaś cety aparasparam | aparasparato 'nonyataḥ strī-puruṣayor mithunāt sambhūtaṃ jagat | kim anyat | kāraṇam asya nāsti anyat kiñcit | kintu kāma-haitukam eva | strī-puruṣayor ubhayoḥ kāma eva pravāha-rūpeṇa hetur asyety āhur ity arthaḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu dharmādharmayoḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-viṣayayoḥ pratipādakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇam asti nirdoṣaṃ bhagavad-ājñā-rūpaṃ sarva-loka-prasiddhaṃ tad-upajīvīni ca smṛti-purāṇetihāsādīni santi, tat kathaṃ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-tat-pramāṇādy ajñānam | jñāne vājñollaṅghināṃ śāsitari bhagavati sati kathaṃ tad-ananuṣṭhānena śaucācārādi-rahitatvaṃ duṣṭānāṃ śāsitur bhagavato 'pi loka-veda-prasiddhatvād ata āha asatyam iti | satyam abādhita-tātparya-viṣayaṃ tattvāvedakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇaṃ tad-upajīvi purāṇādi ca nāsti yatra tad asatyaṃ veda-svarūpasya pratyakṣa-siddhatve 'pi tat-prāmāṇyānabhyupagamād viśiṣṭābhāvaḥ | ata eva nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhitā vyavasthā-hetur yasya tad apratiṣṭham | tathā nāsti śubhāśubhayoḥ karmaṇoḥ phala-dāneśvaro niyantā yasya tad anīśvaraṃ ta āsurā jagad āhuḥ | balavat pāpa-pratibandhād vedasya prāmāṇyaṃ te na manyante | tataś ca tad bodhitayor dharmādharmayor īśvarasya cānaṅgīkārād yatheṣṭācaraṇena te puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭā ity arthaḥ |

śāstraika-samadhigamya-dharmādharma-sahāyena prakṛty-adhiṣṭhātrā parameśvareṇa rahitaṃ jagad iṣyate cet kāraṇābhāvāt kathaṃ tad utpattir ity āśaṅkyāha aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kāma-prayuktayoḥ strī-puruṣayor anyonya-saṃyogāt saṃbhūtam jagat kāma-haitukaṃ kāma-hetukam eva kāma-haitukaṃ kāmātiriktaa-kāraṇa-śūnyam |

nanu dharmādy apy asti kāraṇam ? nety āha kim anyat, anyad adṛṣṭaṃ kāraṇaṃ kim asti ? nāsty evety arthaḥ | adṛṣṭāṅgīkāre 'pi kvacid gatvā svabhāve paryavasānāt svābhāvikam eva jagad-vaicitryam astu dṛṣṭe sambhavaty adṛṣṭa-kalpanānavakāśāt | ataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇaṃ nānyad adṛṣṭeśvarādīty āhur iti lokāyatika-dṛṣṭir iyam ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : asurāṇāṃ matam āha asatyaṃ mithyā-bhūtaṃ bhramopalabdham eva jagat te vadnait | apratiṣṭhaṃ pratiṣṭhāśrayas tad-rahitam | na hi kha-puṣpasya kiñcid adhiṣṭhānam astīti bhāvaḥ | anīśvaraṃ mithyābhūtatvād eva īśvara-kartṛkam etan na bhavati | svedajādīnām akasmād eva jātatvāt aparaspara-sambhūtam | anyat kiṃ vaktavyam | kāma-haitukam kāmo vādinām icchaiva hetur yasya tat | mithyābhūtatvād eva ye yathā kalpayituṃ śaknuvanti tathiavaitad iti |

kecit punar evaṃ vyācakṣate asatyaṃ nāsti satyaṃ veda-purāṇādikaṃ pramāṇaṃ yatra tat | tad uktaṃ trayo vedasya kartāro bhaṇḍa-dhūrta-niśācarā ity ādi | apratiṣṭhaṃ nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhā vyavasthā yatra tat | dharmādharmāv api bhramopalabdhāv iti bhāvaḥ | anīśvaram īśvaro 'pi bhrameṇopalabhyata iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu strī-puṃsayoḥ paraspara-prayatna-viśeṣād jagad etad utpannaṃ dṛśyata ity api bhrama eva kulālasya ghaṭotpādane jñānam iva mātāpitros tādṛśa-bālotpādane kila nāsti jñānm iti bhāvaḥ | kim anyat kim anyat vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ | tasmād idaṃ jagat kāma-hetukaṃ kāmena svecchayaiva hetukā hetu-kalpakā yatra tat | yukti-balena ye yat paramāṇu-māyeśvarādikaṃ jalpayituṃ śaknuvanti te tad eva tasya hetuṃ vadantīty arthaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : teṣāṃ siddhāntān darśayati tatraika-jīva-vādinām āha asatyam iti | idaṃ jagad asatyaṃ śukti-rajatādivad bhrānti-vijṛmbhitam | apratiṣṭhaṃ kha-puṣpavan nirāśrayam | nāsty eveśvaro janmādi-hetur yasya tat | so 'pi tadvad bhrānti-racita eva | pāramārthike tasmin sthite tan nirmita-jagat tadvad dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāyaṃ na syāt | tasmād asatyaṃ jagat ta eva manyante | ekaiva nirviśeṣo sarva-pramāṇāvedyā cid-bhramād eko jīvas tato 'nyaj jaḍa-jīveśvarātmakaṃ tad-ajñānāt pratibhāṣate | ā-svarūpa-sākṣāt-kārād avisaṃvādi svāpnikam iva hasty-aśva-rathādikam ā-jāgarāt | sati ca svarūpa-sākṣātkāre tad-ajñāna-kalpitaṃ taj-jīvatvena saha nivarteta svāpnika-rathāśādīva suṣuptāv iti |

atha svabhāva-vādināṃ bauddhānām āha aparaspara-sambhūtam iti strī-puruṣa-sambhoga-janyaṃ jagan na bhavati ghaṭotpādane kulālasyeva bālotpādane pitrāder jñānābhāvāt saty apy asakṛt sambhoge santānān utpatteś ca svedajādīnām akasmād utpatteś ca | tasmāt svabhāvād evedaṃ bhavatīti |

atha lokāyatikānām āha kāma-hetukam iti | kim anyad vācym | strī-puruṣayoḥ kāma eva pravāhātmanā hetur asyeti svārthe ṭhañ | athavā jainānām āha kāmaḥ svecchayaiva hetur asyeti | yukti-balena yo yat kalpayituṃ śaknuyāt sa tad eva tasya hetuṃ vadatīty arthaḥ ||8||


etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno 'lpa-buddhayaḥ |
prabhavanty ugra-karmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato 'hitāḥ ||9||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca etām iti | etāṃ lokāyatikānāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ darśanam āśritya naṣṭātmano malīmasa-cittāḥ santo 'lpa-buddhayo duṣṭārtha-mātra-matayaḥ | ateva ugraṃ hiṃsraṃ karma yeṣāṃ te ahitā vairiṇo bhūtvā jagataḥ kṣayāya prabhavanti udbhavantīty arthaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : iyaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ śāstrīya-dṛṣṭivad iṣṭaivety āśaṅkyāha etām iti | etāṃ prāg-uktāṃ lokāyatika-dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhyālambya naṣṭatmāno bhraṣṭa-para-loka-sādhanā alpa-buddhayo dṛṣṭa-mātroddeśa-pravṛtta-mataya ugra-karmāṇo hiṃsā ahitāḥ śatravo jagataḥ prāṇi-jātasya kṣayāya vyāghra-sarpādi-rūpeṇa prabhavanti utpadyante | tasmād iyaṃ dṛṣṭir atyantādho-gati-hetutayā sarvātmanā śreyo 'rthibhir avaheyaivety arthaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ vādino 'surāḥ kecin naṣṭātmānaḥ kecid alpajñānāḥ kecid ugra-karmāṇaḥ svacchandācārā mahā-nārakino bhavantīty āha | etām ity ekādaśabhiḥ | avaṣṭabhya ālambya ||9||

baladevaḥ : sva-sva-mata-nirṇāyakāni darśanāni ca taiḥ kṛtāni yāny āsthāya jagad-vinaśyatīty āha etām iti jātyaika-vacanam | etāni darśanāny avaṣṭabhyālambyālpa-buddhayo naṣṭātmāno 'dṛṣṭa-dehādi-viviktātma-tattvā ugra-karmāṇo hiṃsā-paiśunya-pāruṣyādi-karma-niṣṭhā jagato 'hitāḥ śatravaś ca santasya kṣayāya prabhavanti parmārthāj jagad-bhraṃśayantīty arthaḥ ||9||

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BhG 16.10

kāmam āśritya duṣpūraṃ dambha-māna-madānvitāḥ |
mohād gṛhītvāsad-grāhān pravartante 'śuci-vratāḥ ||10||

śrīdharaḥ : api ca kāmam āśrityeti | duṣpūraṃ purayitum aśakyaṃ kāmam āśritya dambhādibhir yuktāḥ santaḥ kṣudra-devatārādhanādau pravartante | katham | asad-grāhān gṛhītvā anena mantreṇaitāṃ devatām ārādhya mahā-nidhīn sādhayiṣyāma ity ādīn durāgrahān moha-mātreṇa svīkṛtya pravartante | aśuci-vratāḥ aśucīni madya-māṃsādi-viṣayīṇi vratāni yeṣāṃ te ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : te ca yadā kenacit karmaṇā manuṣya-yonim āpadyante, tadā kāmaṃ tat tad dṛṣṭa-viṣayābhilāṣaṃ duṣpūraṃ pūrayitum aśakyaṃ dambhenādhārmikatve 'pi dhārmikatva-khyāpanena mānenāpūjyatve 'pi pūjyatva-khyāpanena madenotkarṣa-rahitatve 'py utkarṣa-viśeṣādhyāropeṇa mahad-avadhīraṇā-hetunānvitā asad-grāhān aśubha-niścayān anena mantreṇemāṃ devatām ārādhya kāminīnām ākarṣaṇaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ, anena mantreṇemāṃ devatām ārādhya mahānidhīn sādhayiṣyāma ity ādi-durāgraha-rūpān mohād avivekād gṛhītvā na tu śāstrāt, aśuci-vratāḥ pravartante yatra kutrāpy avaidike dṛṣṭa-phale kṣudra-devatārādhanādāv iti śeṣaḥ | etādṛśāḥ patanti narake 'śucāv ity agrimeṇānvayaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : asad-grāhān pravartante kumate eva pravṛttā bhavanti | aśucīni śaucācāra-varjitāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te ||10||

baladevaḥ : atha teṣāṃ durvṛttatāṃ durācāratāṃ cāha kāmam iti | duṣpūraṃ kāmaṃ viṣaya-tṛṣṇām āśritya mohān na tu śāstrād asad-grāhān gṛhītvāśuci-vratāḥ santaḥ pravartante | asad-grāhān duṣṭa-nakravad ātma-vināśakān kalpita-devatā-tan-mantra-tad-ārādhana-nimittaka-kāminī-pārthiva-nidhy-ākarṣaṇa-rūpān durāgrahān ity arthaḥ | aśucīni śmaśāna-niṣevaṇa-madya-māṃsa-viṣayāṇi vratāni yeṣāṃ te | dambhenādhariṣṭhatve 'pi dharmiṣṭhatva-khyāpanena mānenāpūjyatve 'pi pūjyatvaṃ khyāpanena madenaānutkṛṣṭatve 'py utkṛṣṭatvāropaṇena cānvitāḥ ||10||

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BhG 16.11

cintām aparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ |
kāmopabhoga-paramā etāvad iti niścitāḥ ||11||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca cintām iti | pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyāstām aparimeyāṃ parimātum aśakyāṃ cintām āśritāḥ | nityaṃ cintāparā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga eva paramo yeṣāṃ te | etāvad iti kāmopabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho nānyad astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ | artha-sañcayān īhantu ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ - kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārtha iti | caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāmaḥ puruṣa iti ca ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : tān eva punar viśinaṣṭi cintām iti | cintām ātmīya-yoga-kṣemopāyālocanātmikām aparimeyām aparimeya-viṣayatv}at parm}atum aśakyāṃ pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyās tāṃ pralayāntāṃ yāvaj-jīvam anuvartamānām iti yāvat | na kevalam aśuci-vratāḥ pravartante kiṃ tv etādṛśīṃ cintāṃ copāśritā iti samuccayārthaś ca-kāraḥ |

sadānanta-cintā-parā api na kadācit pāralaukika-cintāyutāḥ kiṃ tu kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā dṛṣṭāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tad-upabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho na dharmādir yeṣāṃ te tathā | pāralaukikam uttamaṃ sukhaṃ kuto na kāmayante tatrāha etāvad dṛṣṭam eva sukhaṃ nānyad etac charīra-viyoge bhogyaṃ sukham asti etat kāyātiriktasya bhoktur abhāvād iti niścitā evaṃ-niścayavantaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāyaḥ puruṣaḥ, kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārthaḥ iti ca ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : pralayāntāṃ pralayo maraṇaṃ tat-paryantām | etāvad iti indriyāṇi viṣaya-sukhe majjantu nāma kā cintā ity etāvad eva śāstrārtha-tātparyam iti niścitaṃ yeṣāṃ te ||11-15||

baladevaḥ : aparimeyām aparā pralayāntāṃ ca maraṇa-kālāvadhi-sādhya-vastu-viṣayāṃ cintām upāśritaḥ kāmopabhogaḥ samyag-viṣaya-sevaiva paramaḥ pumartho yeṣāṃ te | etāvad eva kāmopabhoga-mātram evaihikam | na tvato 'nyat pāralaukikaṃ sukham astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ ||11||

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BhG 16.12

āśā-pāśa-śatair baddhāḥ kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ |
īhante kāma-bhogārtham anyāyenārtha-saṃcayān ||12||

śrīdharaḥ : ataeva āśeti | āśā eva pāśāḥ | teṣāṃ śatair baddhā itas tata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ | kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param-ayanāśrayo yeṣāṃ te | kāma-bhogārtham anyāyena cauryādinārthānāṃ sañcayān rāśīn īhanta icchanti ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : ta īdṛśā asurāḥ aśakyopāyārtha-viṣayā anavagatopāyārtha-viṣayā vā prārthanā āśāstā eva pāśā iva bandhana-hetutvāt pāśās teṣāṃ śataiḥ samūhair baddhā iva śreyasaḥ pacyāvyetas tata ākṛṣya nīyamānāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yesāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ strī-vyatikarābhilāṣa-parāniṣṭābhilāṣābhyāṃ sadā parigṛhītā iti yāvat | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ na tu dharmārtham anyāyena parasva-haraṇādinārtha-saṃcayān dhana-rāśīn | saṃcayān iti bahu-vacanena dhana-prāptāv api tat-tṛṣṇānuvṛtter viṣaya-prāpti-vardhamāna-tṛṣṇatva-rūpo lobho darśitaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : āśeti spaṣṭam | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante anyāyena kūṭa-sākṣyeṇa cauryeṇa ca ||12||

idam adya mayā labdham idaṃ prāpsye manoratham |
idam astīdam api me bhaviṣyati punar dhanam ||13||

śrīdharaḥ : teṣāṃ manorathaṃ kathayan naraka-prāptim āha idam adya mayeti caturbhiḥ | prāpsye prāpsyāmi | manorathaṃ manasaḥ priyam | spaṣṭam anyat | eteṣāṃ ca trayāṇāṃ ślokānām ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ santo narake patantīti caturthenānvayaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : teṣām īdṛśīṃ dhana-tṛṣṇānuvṛttiṃ manorājya-kathanena vivṛṇoti idam iti | idaṃ dhanam adyedānīṃ anenopāyena mayā labdham | idaṃ tad anya-manorathaṃ manas-tuṣṭi-karaṃ śīghram eva prāpsye | idaṃ puraiva saṃcitaṃ mama gṛhe 'sti | idam api bahutaraṃ bhaviṣyaty āgāmini saṃvatsare punar dhanam | evaṃ dhana-tṛṣṇākulāḥ patanti narake 'śucāv ity agrimeṇānvayaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : teṣāṃ dhanāśānuvṛttiṃ manorājyoktyā vivṛṇvan naraka-nipātam āha idam iti caturbhiḥ | idaṃ kṣetraṃ paśu-putrādi mayaivādya sva-dhī-balena labdham | imaṃ manorathaṃ manaḥ-priyam artham aham eva sva-balena prāpsyāmi, svabalenaiva labdham idaṃ dhanaṃ mama sampraty asti | idam iṣyamāṇaṃ dhanam āgāmi-varṣe mad-balenaiva me bhaviṣyati | na tv adṛṣṭa-balena īśvara-prasādena vety arthaḥ | evaṃ dhana-tṛṣṇāṃ prapañcya duṣṭaṃ bhāvaṃ prapañcayati asāv iti | yajña-dattākhyo 'sau śatrur mayātibalinā hataḥ | aparān api śatrūn aham eva haniṣyāmi | teṣāṃ dāra-dhanādi ca neṣyāmīti ca-śabdāt matto na ko 'pi jīved iti bhāvaḥ | nanv īśvarecchām adṛṣṭaṃ ca kecij jaya-hetum āhus tatrāhaaham eveśvaraḥ svatantro yad ahaṃ bhogī svato nikhila-bhoga-sampannaḥ siddho 'smīti | yadi kaścid īśvaraṃ kalpayati | tarhi sa mām eveśvaraṃ kalpayatu na tu matto 'nyam anupalabdher iti bhāvaḥ ||13||

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BhG 16.14

asau mayā hataḥ śatrur haniṣye cāparān api |
īśvaro 'ham ahaṃ bhogī siddho 'haṃ balavān sukhī ||14||

śrīdharaḥ : asāv iti | siddhaḥ kṛta-kṛtyaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ :
evaṃ lobhaṃ prapañcya tad-abhiprāya-kathanenaiva teṣāṃ krodhaṃ prapañcayati asāv iti | asau devadatta-nāmā mayā hataḥ śatrur atidurjayaḥ | ata idānīm anāyāsena haniṣye ca haniṣyāmi aparān sarvān api śatrūn | na ko 'pi mat-sakāśāj jīviṣyatīty aper arthaḥ | ca-kārān na kevalaṃ haniṣyāmi tān kiṃ tu teṣāṃ dāra-dhanādikam api grahīṣyāmīty abhiprāyaḥ | kutas tavaitādṛśaṃ sāmarthyaṃ tvat-tulyānāṃ tvad-adhikānāṃ vā śatrūṇāṃ sambhavād ity ata āha - īśvaro 'haṃ na kevalaṃ mānuṣo yena mat-tulyo 'dhiko vā kaścit syāt | kim ete kariṣyanti varākāḥ sarvathā nāsti mat-tulyaḥ kaścid ity anenābhiprāyeṇśvaratvaṃ vivṛṇoti | yasmād ahaṃ bhogī sarvair bhogopakaraṇair upetaḥ siddho 'haṃ putra-bhṛtyādibhiḥ sahāyaiḥ saṃpannaḥ svato 'pi balavān atyojasvī sukhī sarvathā nīrogaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : Nothing.

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BhG 16.15

āḍhyo 'bhijanavān asmi ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśo mayā |
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ ||15||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca āḍhya iti | āḍhyo dhanādi-sampannaḥ | abhijanavān kulīnaḥ | yakṣye yāgādy-anuṣṭhānenāpi dīkṣitāntarebhyaḥ sakāśān mahatīṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ prāpsyāmi | dāsyāmis tāvakebhyaḥ | modiṣye harṣaṃ prāpsyāmi ity evam ajñānena vimohitā mithyābhiniveśaṃ prāpitāḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu dhanena kulena vā kaścit tat-tulyaḥ syād ity ata āha āḍhya iti | āḍhyo dhanī, abhijanavān kulīno 'py aham evāsmi | ataḥ ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśo mayā na ko 'pīty arthaḥ | yogena dānena vā kaścit tat-tulyaḥ syād ity ata āha -- yakṣye yāgenāpy anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi dhanaṃ stāvakebhyo naṭādibhyaś ca | tataś ca modiṣye harṣaṃ lapsye nartakyādibhiḥ sahety evam ajñānenāvivekena vimohitā vividhaṃ mohaṃ bhrama-paramparāṃ prāpitāḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : nanu sampadā kulena cānye tvat-samā vīkṣyante tat katham īśvaras tvam iti ced āha āḍhyaḥ sampannaḥ svato 'ham asmy abhijanavān kulīnaś ca | na tu kenacin nimittenāto mat-sadṛśo 'nyaḥ ko 'sti | na ko 'pīty aham eveśvaraḥ | ato 'haṃ tv abalenaiva yakṣye divyāṅganānāṃ saṅgatiḥ kariṣye | dāsyāmi | tāsām adharādi khaṇḍayiṣāmy eva mohiṣa ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ santo narake patantīty agrimeṇānvayaḥ | anekeṣu cira-prayāsa-sādhyeṣu vastuṣ yac cittaṃ tena vibhrāntā vikṣiptā moha-mayena jālena samāvṛtā matsyā iva tato nirgantu-kṣamāḥ | kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktā madhye mṛtāḥ santo narake patanty aśucau vaitaraṇyādau ||15-16||

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BhG 16.16

aneka-citta-vibhrāntā moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ |
prasaktāḥ kāma-bhogeṣu patanti narake 'śucau ||16||

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtā yat prāpnuvanti tac chṛṇu aneketi | anekeṣu manoratheṣu pravṛttaṃ cittam anke-cittam | tena vibhrāntā vikṣiptāḥ | tenaiva mohamayena jālena samāvṛtāḥ | matsyā iva sūtramayena jālena yantritāḥ | evaṃ kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktā abhiniviṣṭā santo 'śucau kalmaṣe narake patanti ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : ukta-prakārair anekaiś cittais tat-tad-duṣṭa-saṅkalpair vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ, yato moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ moho hitāhita-vastu-vivekāsāmarthyaṃ tad eva jālam ivāvaraṇātmakatvena bandha-hetutvāt | tena samyag-āvṛtāḥ sarvato veṣṭitā matsyā iva sūtramayena jālena para-vaśī-kṛtā ity arthaḥ | ata eva svāniṣṭa-sādhanesv api kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktāḥ sarvathā tad-eka-parāḥ pratikṣaṇam upacīyamāna-kalmaṣāḥ patanti narake vaitaraṇyādāv aśucau viṇ-mūtra-śleṣmādi-pūrṇe ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : aśucau narake vaitarṇyādau ||16||

baladevaḥ : Nothing.

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BhG 16.17

ātma-saṃbhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhana-māna-madānvitāḥ |
yajante nāma-yajñais te dambhenāvidhi-pūrvakam ||17||

śrīdharaḥ : yaksya iti ca yas teṣāṃ manoratha uktaḥ sa kevalaṃ dambhāhaṅkārādi-pradhāna eva na tu sāttvika ity abhiprāyeṇāha ātmeti dvābhyām | ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ nītāḥ | na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścit | ataeva stabdhā anamrāḥ | dhanena yo manomadaś ca tābhyāṃ samanvitāḥ santas te | nāma-mātreṇa ye yajñās te nāma-yajñāḥ | yad vā dīkṣitaḥ soma-yājīty evam ādi nāma-mātra-prasiddhaye ye yajñās tair yajante | katham | dambhena | na tu śraddhayā | avidhi-pūrvakaṃ ca yathā bhavati tathā ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu teṣām api keṣāṃcid vaidike karmaṇi yāga-dānādau pravṛtti-darśanād ayuktaṃ narake patanam iti nety āha ātma-sambhāvitā iti | sarva-guṇa-viśiṣṭatā vayam ity ātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ prāpitā na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścit | stabdhā anamrāḥ | yato dhana-māna-madānvitā dhana-nimitto yo māna ātmani pūjyatvātiśayādhyāsas tan-nimittaś ca yo madaḥ parasmin gurvādāv apy apūjyatvābhimānas tābhyām anvitās te nāma-yajñaiḥ nāma-mātrair yajñair na tāttvikair dīkṣitāḥ soma-yājīty ādinām amātra-sampādakair vā yajñair avidhi-pūrvakaṃ vihitāṅgeti-kartavyatā-rahitair dambhena dharma-dhvajitayā na tu śraddhayā yajante | atas tat-phala-bhājo na bhavantīty arthaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ nītā na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścid ity arthaḥ | ataeva stabdhā anamrāḥ | nāma-mātreṇaiva ye yajñās te nāma-yajñās taiḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ nītāḥ | na tu śāstrajñaiḥ sadbhiḥ | stabdhāḥ anamrāḥ | dhanena sampadā mānena ca paramahaṃso mahā-śramaṇaḥ śrī-pūjya-pādo mahā-pūjāvid ity evaṃ lakṣaṇena ssat-kāreṇa yo mado garvas tenānvitāḥ | nāma-yajñair nāma-mātreṇa yajñaiḥ pūjā-vidhibhiḥ sva-kalpitā devatā yajante sva-svakānāṃ gṛhiṇām abhyudayāya dambhena dharma-dhvajitvena viśiṣṭā virakta-veśāḥ santa ity arthaḥ | avidhi-pūrvakam aveda-vihitaṃ yathā bhavati tathā ||17||

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BhG 16.18

ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca saṃśritāḥ |
mām ātma-para-deheṣu pradviṣanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ ||18||

śrīdharaḥ : avidhi-pūrvakatvam eva prapañcayati ahaṅkāram iti | ahaṅkārādīn saṃśritāḥ santaḥ ātma-para-deheṣv ātma-deheṣu para-deheṣu ca cid-aṃśena sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣanto yajante | dambha-yajñeṣu śraddhāyā abhāvād ātmano vṛthaiva pīḍā bhavati | tathā paśv-ādīnām apy avidhinā hiṃsāyāṃ caitanya-droha evāvaśiṣyata iti pradviṣanta ity uktam | abhyasūyakāḥ san-mārga-vartināṃ guṇeṣu doṣāropakāḥ ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : yakṣye dāsyāmīty ādi-saṅkalpena dambhāhaṅkārādi-pradhānena pravṛttānām āsurāṇāṃ bahiraṅga-sādhanam api yāga-dānādikaṃ karma na sidhyati, antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ tu jñāna-vairāgya-bhagavad-bhajanādi teṣāṃ durāpās tam evety āha ahaṅkāram iti | aham abhimāna-rūpo yo 'haṅkāraḥ sa sarva-sādhāraṇaḥ | etais tv āropitair guṇair ātmano mahattvābhimānam ahaṅkāraṃ tathā balaṃ para-paribhava-nimittaṃ śarīra-gata-sāmarthya-viśeṣaṃ darpaṃ parāvadhīraṇā-rūpaṃ guru-nṛpādy-atikrama-kāraṇaṃ citta-doṣa-viśeṣaṃ kāmam iṣṭa-viṣayābhilāṣaṃ krodham aniṣṭa-viṣaya-dveṣam | ca-kārāt para-guṇāsahiṣṇutva-rūpaṃ mātsaryam | evam anyāṃś ca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ |

etādṛśā api patitās tava bhaktyā pūtāḥ santo narake na patiṣyantīti cen nety āha mām īśvaraṃ bhagavantam apara-deheṣu ātmanāṃ teṣām āsurāṇāṃ pareṣāṃ ca tat-putra-bhāryādīnāṃ deheṣu premāspadeṣu tat-tad-buddhi-karma-sākṣitayā santam atipremāspadam api durdaiva-paripākāt pradviṣanta īśvarasya mama śāsanaṃ śruti-smṛti-rūpaṃ tad-uktārthānuṣṭhāna-parāṅmukhatayā tad-ativartanaṃ me pradveṣas taṃ kurvantaḥ | nṛpādy-ājñā-laṅghanam eva hi tat-pradveṣa iti prasiddhaṃ loke |

nanu gurvādayaḥ kathaṃ tān nānuśāsati tatrāha abhyasūyakā gurv-ādīnāṃ vaidika-mārga-sthānāṃ kāruṇyādi-guṇeṣu pratāraṇādi-doṣāropakāḥ | atas te sarva-sādhana-śūnyā naraka eva patantīty arthaḥ |

mām ātma-para-deheṣv ity asyāparā vyākhyā sva-deheṣu para-deheṣu ca cid-aṃśena sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣantāṃ yajante dambha-yajñeṣu śraddhāyā abhāvād dīkṣādinātmano vṛtahiva pīḍā bhavati | tathā paśv-ādīnām apy avidhinā hiṃsayā caitanya-droha-mātram avaśiṣyata iti |

aparā vyākhyā ātma-dehe jīvān āviṣṭe bhagaval-līlā-vigrahe vāsudevādi-samākhye manuṣyatvādi-bhramān māṃ pradviṣantaḥ | tathā para-deheṣu bhakta-deheṣu prahlādādi-samākhyeṣu sarvadāvirbhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣanta iti yojanā | uktaṃ hi navame -

avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam |
paraṃ bhāvam ajānanto mama bhūta-maheśvaram ||
moghāśā mogha-karmāṇo mogha-jñānā vicetasaḥ |
rākṣasīm āsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritāḥ || [Gītā 9.11-12]

avyaktaṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ manyante mām abuddhayaḥ [Gītā 8.23] iti cānyatra | tathā ca bhajanīye dveṣān na bhaktyā pūtanā teṣāṃ sambhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : māṃ paramātmānam amānayanta eva pradviṣantaḥ | yad vā ātma-parāḥ paramātma-parāyaṇāḥ sādhavas teṣāṃ deheṣu sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣantaḥ sādhu-deha-dveṣād eva mad-dveṣa iti bhāvaḥ | abhyasūyakāḥ sādhūnāṃ guṇeṣu doṣāropakāḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : sarvathā veda-tat-pratipādyeśvarāvamantarāc ta ity āha ahaṅkāram iti | ahaṅkārādīn saṃśritās te ātmanaḥ pareṣāṃ ca deheṣu niyāmakatayā bhartṛtayā cāvasthitaṃ māṃ sarveśvaraṃ mad-viṣayakaṃ vedaṃ ca pradviṣanto 'vajñayākurvanto bhavanti | abhyasūyakāḥ kuṭila-yuktibhir mama vedasya ca guṇeṣu doṣān āropayantaḥ | aham eva svatantraḥ karomīty ahaṅkāraḥ | aham eva parākramīti balam | mat-tulyo na ko 'py astīti darpaḥ | mad-icchaiva sarva-sādhiketi kāmaḥ | mat-pratīpam aham eva haniṣyāmīti krodhaś ca ||18||

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BhG 16.19

tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrān saṃsāreṣu narādhamān |
kṣipāmy ajasram aśubhān āsurīṣv eva yoniṣu ||19||

śrīdharaḥ : teṣāṃ ca kadācid api āsura-svabhāva-pracyutir na bhavatīty āha tān iti dvābhyām | tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrān saṃsāreṣu janma-mṛtyu-mārgeṣu tatrāpy āsurīṣv evātikrūrāsu vyāghra-sarpādi-yoniṣu ajasram anavarataṃ kṣipāmi | teṣāṃ pāpa-karmaṇāṃ tādṛśaṃ phalaṃ dadāmīty arthaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : teṣāṃ tvat-kṛpayā kadācin nistāraḥ syād iti nety āha tān iti | tān san-mārga-pratipakṣa-bhūtān dviṣataḥ sādhūn mā ca krūrān hiṃsā-parān ato narādhamān atininidtān ajasraṃ santatam aśubhān aśubha-karma-kāriṇo 'haṃ sarva-karma-phala-dāteśvaraḥ saṃsāreṣv eva naraka-saṃsaraṇa-mārgeṣu kṣipāmi pātayāmi | naraka-gatāś cāsurīṣv evātikrūrāsu vyāghra-sarpādi-yoniṣu tat-tat-karma-vāsanānusāreṇa kṣipāmīty anuṣajyate | etādṛśeṣu drohiṣu nāsti mameśvarasya kṛpety arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - atha ya iha kapūya-caraṇā abhyāśo ha yat te kapūyāṃ yonim āpadyerañ śva-yoniṃ vā sūkara-yoniṃ vā caṇḍāla-yoniṃ vā [ChāU 5.10.7] iti | kapūya-caraṇāḥ kutsita-karmāṇo 'bhyāśo ha śīghram eva kapūyāṃ kutsitāṃyonim āpadyanta iti śruter arthaḥ | ata eva pūrva-pūrva-karmānusāritvān neśvarasya vaiṣamyaṃ nairghṛṇyaṃ vā | tathā ca pāramarṣaṃ sūtraṃ - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāt tathā hi darśayati [Vs 2.1.34] iti | evaṃ ca pāpa-karmāṇy eva teṣāṃ kārayati bhagavāṃs teṣu tad-bīja-sattvāt | kāruṇikatve 'pi tāni na nāśayati tan-nāśaka-puṇyopacayābhāvāt purṇyopacayaṃ na kārayati teṣām ayogyatvāt | na hīśvaraḥ pāṣāṇeṣu yavāṅkurān karoti | īśvaratvād ayogyasyāpi yogyatāṃ sampādayituṃ śaknotīti cet, śaknoty eva satya-saṅkalpatvāt yadi saṅkalpayet | na tu saṅkalpayati ājñā-laṅghiṣu svabhakta-drohiṣu durātma-sva-prasannatvāt | ata eva śrūyate - eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam unninīṣate, eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate iti | yeṣu prasāda-kāraṇam asty ājñā-pālanādi teṣu prasīdati | yeṣu tu tad-vaiparītyaṃ teṣu na prasīdati sati kāraṇe kāryaṃ kāraṇābhāve kāryābhāva iti kim atra vaiṣamyam | parāt tu tac chruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.39] iti nyāyāc ca | antato gatvā kiṃcid vaiṣamyāpādane mahā-māyatvād adoṣaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : eṣām āsura-svabhāvān kvacid api vimokṣo na bhavatīty āha tān iti dvābhyām | āsurīṣv eva hiṃsā-tṛṣṇādi-yuktāsu mleccha-vyādha-yoniṣu tat-tat-karmānu-guṇa-phaladaḥ sarveśvaro 'ham ajasraṃ punaḥ punaḥ kṣipāmi ||19||


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BhG 16.20

āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mūḍhā janmani janmani |
mām aprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yānty adhamāṃ gatim ||20||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca āsurīm iti | te ca mām aprāpyaiva iti eva-kāreṇa mat-prāpti-śaṅkāpi kutas teṣām | mat-prāpty-upāyaṃ san-mārgam aprāpya tato 'py adhamāṃ kṛmi-kīṭādi-yoniṃ yāntīty uktam | śeṣaṃ spaṣṭam ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu teṣām api krameṇa bahūnāṃ janmanām ante [Gītā 7.19] śreyo bhaviṣyati nety āha āsurīm iti | ye kadācid āsurīṃ yonim āpannās te janmani janmani prati janma mūḍhās tamo-bahulatvenāvivekinas tatas tasmād api yānty adhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | mām aprāpyeti na mat-prāptau kācid āśaṅkāpy asti | ato mad-upadiṣṭaṃ veda-mārgam aprāpyety arthaḥ | eva-kāras tiryak-sthāvarādiṣu veda-mārga-prāpti-svarūpāyogyatāṃ darśayati | tenātyantatamo-bahulatvena veda-mārga-prāpti-svarūpāyogyā bhūtvā pūrva-pūrva-nikṛṣṭa-yonito nikṛṣṭatamām adhamāṃ yonim uttarottaraṃ gacchantīty arthaḥ | he kaunteyeti nija-sambandha-kathanena tvam ito nistīrṇa iti sūcayati | yasmād ekadāsurīṃ yonim āpannānām uttarottaraṃ nikṛṣṭatara-nikṛṣṭatama-yoni-lābho na tu tat-pratīkāra-sāmarthyam atyanta-tamo-bahulatvāt, tasmād yāvan manuṣya-deha-lābho 'sti tāvan mahatāpi prayatnenāsuryāḥ sampadaḥ parama-kaṣṭatamāyāḥ parihārāya tvarayaiva yathā-śakti daivī sampad anuṣṭheyā śreyo 'rthibhir anyathā tiryag-ādi-deha-prāptau sādhanānuṣṭhānāyogyatvān na kadāpi nistāro 'stīti mahat saṅkaṭam āpadyeteti samudāyārthaḥ | tad uktaṃ -

ihaiva naraka-vyādheś cikitsāṃ na karoti yaḥ |
gatvā nirauṣadhaṃ sthānaṃ sa-rujaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati || iti ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : mām aprāpyaiveti na tu māṃ prāpyeti | vaivasvata-manvantararīyāṣṭāviṃśa-caturvyuga-dvāparānte 'vatīrṇaṃ māṃ kṛṣṇaṃ kaṃsādi-rūpās te prāpya pradviṣanto 'pi muktim eva prāpnuvantīti bhakti-jñāna-paripākato labhyām api muktiṃ tādṛśa-pāpibhyo 'py aham apāra-kṛpā-sindhur dadāmi | nibhṛta-marun-mano 'kṣa dṛḍha-yoga-yujo hṛdi yan munaya upāsate tad-arayo 'pi yayuḥ smaraṇāt [BhP 10.87.23] iti śrutayo 'py āhuḥ | ataḥ pūrvoktā mamaiva sarvotkarṣo varīvartīti bhāgavatāmṛta-kārikā yathā -

māṃ kṛṣṇa-rūpiṇaṃ yāvan nāpnuvanti mama dviṣaḥ |
tāvad evādhamaṃ yoniṃ prāpnuvantīti hi sphuṭam || iti | [LBhāg 1.5.83]

baladevaḥ : nanu bahu-janmānte teṣāṃ kadācit tvad-anukampayāsurayoner vimuktiḥ syād iti cet tatrāha āsurīm iti | te mūḍhā janmany āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mām aprāpyaiva tato 'py adhamām atinikṛṣṭāṃ śvādi-yoniṃ yānti | mām aprāpyaiva atra eva-kāreṇa mad-anukampāyāḥ sambhāvanāpi nāsti | tal-lābhopāya-yogyā saj-jātir api durlabheti | śrutiś caivam āha - atha kapūya-caraṇā abhyāso ha yat te kapūyāṃ yonim āpadyeran śva-yoniṃ vā śūkara-yoniṃ vā caṇḍāla-yoniṃ vā [ChāU 5.10.7] ity ādikā |

nanv īśvaraḥ satya-saṅkalpatvāday ayogyasyāpi yogyatāṃ śaknuvāt kartum iti cet, śaknuyād eva | yadi saṅkalpayet bījābhāvān na saṅkalpayatīty atas tasyā vaiṣamyam āha sūtrakāraḥ - vaiṣyamya-niarghṛṇye na [Vs 2.1.35] ity ādinā | tataś ca tān aham ity ādi-dvayaṃ sūpapannam | ete nāstikāḥ sarvadā nārakino darśitāḥ | ye tu śāpād asurās tad-anuyāyinaś ca rājanyāḥ pratyakṣe upendra-nṛhari-varāhādau viṣṇau sva-śatru-pakṣatvena vidveṣiṇo 'pi veda-vaidika-karma-parāḥ sarva-niyantāraṃ kāla-śaktikam apratyakṣaṃ sarveśvaraṃ manyante | te tūpendrādibhir nihatāḥ kramāt tyajanty āsurī-yonim | kṛṣṇena nihatās tu vimucyante ceti | na te veda bāhyāḥ ||20||

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BhG 16.21

trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ |
kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhas tasmād etat trayaṃ tyajet ||21||

śrīdharaḥ : uktānām āsura-doṣāṇāṃ madhye sakala-doṣa-mūla-bhūtaṃ doṣa-trayaṃ sarvathā varjanīyam ity āha trividham iti | kāmaḥ krodho lobhaś ceti idaṃ trividhaṃ narakasya dvāram | ata evātmano nāśanaṃ nīcayoni-prāpakam | tasmād etat trayaṃ sarvātmanā tyajet ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv āsurī sampad ananta-bhedavatī kathaṃ puruṣāyuṣeṇāpi parihartuṃ śakyaitetvāśaṅkya tāṃ saṅkṣipyāha trividham iti | idaṃ trividhaṃ tri-prakāraṃ narakasya prāptau dvāraṃ sādhanaṃ sarvasyā āsuryāḥ sampado mūla-bhūtam ātmano nāśanaṃ sarva-puruṣārthāyogyatā-sampādanenātyantādhama-yoni-prāpakam | kiṃ tat ? ity ata āha kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobha iti | prāg vyākhyātam | yasmād etat trayam eva sarvānartha-mūlaṃ tasmād etat trayaṃ tyajet | etat-traya-tyāgenaiva sarvāpy āsurī sampat tyaktā bhavati | etat-traya-tyāgaś cotpannasya vivekena kārya-pratibandhaḥ | tataḥ paraṃ cānutpattir iti draṣṭavyam ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evam āsurīḥ samapttīr vistārya proktā itas tataḥ sādhūktam mā śucaḥ sampadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'si bhārata iti | kiṃ vāsurāṇām etat trikam eva svābhāvikam ity āha trividham iti ||21||

baladevaḥ : nanv āsurīṃ prakṛtiṃ naraka-hetuṃ śrutvā ye manuṣyās tāṃ parihartum icchanti | taiḥ kim anuṣṭheyam iti cet tatrāha trividham iti | etat-traya-parihāre tasyāḥ parihāraḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||21||

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BhG 16.22

etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tribhir naraḥ |
ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyas tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||22||

śrīdharaḥ : tyāge ca viśiṣṭaṃ phalam āha etair iti | tamaso narakasya dvāra-bhūtair etais tribhiḥ kāmādibhir vimukto nara ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ sādhanaṃ tapo-yogādikam ācarati | tataś ca mokṣaṃ prāpnoti ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : etat trayaṃ tyajataḥ kiṃ syād iti tatrāha etair iti | etaiḥ kāma-krodha-lobhais tribhir tamo-dvārair naraka-sādhanair vimukto virahitaḥ puruṣa ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyo yad dhitaṃ veda-bodhitaṃ he kaunteya pūrvaṃ hi kāmādi-pratibaddhaḥ śreyo nācarati yena puruṣārthaḥ sidhyet | aśreyaś cācarati yena nirapayātaḥ syāt | adhunā tat-pratibandha-rahitaḥ sann aśreyo nācarati śreyaś cācarati tata aihikaṃ sukham anubhūya samyag-dhī-dvārā yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam ||16.22||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : tat-tyāge phalam āha etair iti | śreyaḥ svāśrama-karmādi-śreyaḥ-sādhanam | parāṃ gatiṃ muktim ||22||


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BhG 16.23

yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-kārataḥ |
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim ||23||

śrīdharaḥ : kāmādi-tyāgaś ca sva-dharmācaraṇaṃ vinā na sambhavatīty āha ya iti | śāstra-vidhiṃ veda-vihitaṃ dharmam utsṛjya yaḥ kāma-cārato yathecchaṃ vartate sa siddhiṃ tattva-jñānaṃ na prāpnoti | na ca parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād aśreyo nācaraṇasya śreya-ācaraṇasya ca śāstram eva nimittaṃ tayoḥ śāstraika-gamyatvāt tasmāt ya iti | śiṣyate 'nuśiṣyate 'pūrvo 'rtho bodhyate 'neneti śāstraṃ vedas tad-upajīvi-smṛti-purāṇādi ca | tat-sambandhī vidhi-liṅ-ādi-śabdaḥ kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-pravartanānvartanātmakaḥ kartavyākartavya-jñāna-hetur vidhi-niṣedhākhyas taṃ śāstra-vidhim vidhi-niṣedhātiriktam api brahma-pratipādakaṃ śāstram astīti sūcayituṃ vidhi-śabdaḥ | utsṛjyāśraddhayā parityajya kāma-kārataḥ svecchā-mātreṇa vartate vihitam api nācarati niṣiddham apy ācarati yaḥ sa siddhim puruṣārtha-prāpti-yogyatām antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiṃ karmāṇi kurvann api nāpnoti, na sukham aihikaṃ, nāpi parāṃ gatim svargaṃ mokṣaṃ vā ||23||

viśvanāthaḥ : āstikyavata eva śreya ity āha ya iti kāma-cārataḥ ||23||

baladevaḥ : kāmādi-tyāgaḥ sva-dharmād vinā na bhavet | sva-dharmaś ca śāstrād vinā na sidhyed ataḥ śāstram evāstheyaṃ sudhiyety āha ya iti | kāma-cārataḥ svācchandyena yo vartate vihitam api na karoti | niṣiddham api karotīty arthaḥ | sa siddhiṃ pumarthopāya-bhūtāṃ hṛd-viśuddhiṃ naivāpnoti | sukham upaśamātmakaṃ ca parāṃ gatiṃ muktiṃ kuto vāpnuyāt ||23||

__________________________________________________________

BhG 16.24

tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te kāryākārya-vyavasthitau |
jñātvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ karma kartum ihārhasi ||24||

śrīdharaḥ : phalitam āha tasmād iti | idaṃ kāryam idam akāryam ity asyāṃ vyavasthāyāṃ te tava śāstraṃ śruti-smṛti-purāṇādikam eva pramāṇam | ataḥ śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ karma jñātvā iha karmādhikāre vartmāno yathā 'dhikāraṃ karma kartum arhasi tan-mūlatvāt sattva-śuddhi-samyag jñāna-muktīnām ity arthaḥ ||24||

deva-daiteya-sampatti-saṃvibhāgena ṣoḍaśe |
tattva-jñāne 'dhikāras tu sāttvikasyeti darśitam ||

iti śrīśrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evam tasmād iti | yasmāc chāstra-vimukhatayā kāmādhīna-pravṛttir aihika-pāratrika-sarva-puruṣārtha-yogyas tasmāt te tava śreyo 'rthinaḥ kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kiṃ kāryaṃ kim akāryam iti viṣaye śāstraṃ veda-tad-upajīvi-smṛti-purāṇādikam eva pramāṇaṃ bodhakaṃ nānyat svotprekṣā-buddha-vākyādīty abhiprāyaḥ | evaṃ ceha karmādhikāra-bhūmau śāstra-vidhānena kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-pravartanānivartanā-rūpeṇa vaidika-liṅ-ādi-padenoktaṃ karma-vihitaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca jñātvā niṣiddhaṃ varjayan vihitaṃ kṣatriyasya yuddhādi-karma tvaṃ kartum arhasi sattva-śuddhi-paryantam ity arthaḥ | tad evam asminn adhyāye sarvasyā āsuryāḥ sampado mūla-bhūtān sarvāśreyaḥ-prāpakān sarva-śreyaḥ-pratibandhakān mahā-doṣān kāma-krodha-lobhān apahāya śreyo 'rthinā śraddadhānatayā śāstra-pravaṇena tad-upadiṣṭārthānuṣṭhāna-pareṇa bhavativyam iti saṃpad-dvaya-vibhāga-pradarśana-mukhena nirdhāritam ||24||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

āstikā eva vindanti sad-gatiṃ santa eva te |
nāstikā narakaṃ yāntīty adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsu ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām |
||16|||

baladevaḥ : yasmāc chāstra-vimukhatayā kāmādy-adhīnā pravṛttiḥ pumarthād vibhraṃśayati | tasmāt tava kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kiṃ kartavyaṃ kim akartavyam ity asmin viṣaye nirdoṣam apauruṣeyaṃ veda-rūpaṃ śāstram eva pramāṇam | na tu bhramādi-doṣavatā puruṣeṇotprekṣitaṃ vākyam | ataḥ śāstra-vidhānena kuryān na kuryād iti pravartanā-nivartanātmakena liṅ-tavyādi-padenoktam | karma vihitaṃ niṣiddhaṃ ca jñātvā niṣiddhaṃ tat parityajan iha karma-bhūmau vihita-karmāgni-hotrādi yuddhādi ca kartum arhasi loka-saṅgrahāya ||24||

vedārtha-naiṣṭhikā yānti svargaṃ mokṣaṃ ca śāśvatam |
veda-bāhyās tu narakān iti ṣoḍaśa-nirṇayaḥ ||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||16||