Bhagavadgita 12
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva

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BhG 12.1

arjuna uvāca
evaṃ satata-yuktā ye bhaktās tvāṃ paryupāsate |
ye cāpy akṣaram avyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yoga-vittamāḥ ||1||

śrīdharaḥ -
nirguṇopāsanasyaivaṃ sa-guṇopāsanasya ca |
śreyaḥ katarad ity etan nirṇetuṃ dvādaśodyamaḥ ||

pūrvādhyāyānte mat-karma-kṛn mat-parama [Gītā 11.55] ity evaṃ bhakti-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | kaunteya pratijānīhīty [Gītā 9.31] ādinā ca tatra tatra tasyaiva śreṣṭhatvaṃ nirṇītam | tathā teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yukta eka-bhaktir viśiṣyata [Gītā 7.17] ity ādinā sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi [Gītā 4.36] ity ādinā ca jñāna-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | evam ubhayoḥ śraiṣṭhye 'pi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā śrī-bhagavantaṃ praty arjuna uvāca evam iti | evaṃ sarva-karmārpaṇādinā satata-yuktās tvan-niṣṭhāḥ santo ye bhaktās tvāṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-śaktiṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cāpy akṣaraṃ brahmāvyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke 'tiśayena yoga-vido 'tiśreṣṭhā ity arthaḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ - pūrvādhyāyānte -

mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramo mad-bhaktaḥ saṅga-varjitaḥ |
nirvairaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu yaḥ sa mām eti pāṇḍava || [Gītā 11.55] ity uktam |

tatra mac-chabdārthe sandehaḥ kiṃ nirākāram eva sarva-svarūpaṃ vastu mad-chabdenoktaṃ bhagavatā kiṃ vā sākāram iti | ubhayatrāpi prayoga-darśanāt |

bahūnāṃ janmanām ante jñānavān māṃ prapadyate |
vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti sa mahātmā sudurlabhaḥ || [Gītā 7.19]

ity ādau nirākāraṃ vastu vyapadiṣṭam | viśva-rūpa-darśanānantaraṃ ca -

nāhaṃ vedair na tapasā na dānena na cejyayā |
śakya evaṃ-vidho draṣṭuṃ dṛṣṭavān asi māṃ yathā || [Gītā 11.53]

iti sākāraṃ vastu | ubhayoś ca bhagavad-upadeśayor adhikāri-bhedenaiva vyavasthayā bhavitavyam anyathā virodhāt | tatraivaṃ sati mayā mumukṣuṇā kiṃ nirākāram eva vastu cintanīyaṃ kiṃ vā sākāram iti svādhikāra-niścayāya sa-guṇa-nirguṇa-vidyayor viśeṣa-bubhutsayā arjuna uvāca evam iti |

evaṃ mat-karma-kṛd [Gītā 11.55] ity-ādy-anantarokta-prakāreṇa satata-yuktā nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau sāvadhānatayā pravṛttā bhaktāḥ sākāra-vastv-eka-śaraṇāḥ santas tvām evaṃ-vidhaṃ sākāraṃ ye paryupāsate satataṃ cintayanti | ye cāpi sarvato viraktās tyakta-sarva-karmāṇo 'kṣaraṃ na kṣaraty aśnute vety akṣaram etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam adīrgham [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruti-pratiṣiddha-sarvopādhi nirguṇaṃ brahma | ataevāvyaktaṃ sarva-karaṇāgocaraṃ nirākāraṃ tvāṃ paryupāsate teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yoga-vittamāḥ atiśayena yoga-vidaḥ | yogaṃ samādhiṃ vindanti vidantīti vā yoga-vida ubhaye 'pi | teṣāṃ madhye ke śreṣṭhā yoginaḥ keṣāṃ jñānaṃ mayānusaraṇīyam ity arthaḥ ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ ---
dvādaśe sarva-bhaktānāṃ jñānibhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyam ucyate |
bhakteṣv api praśasyante ye 'dveṣādi-guṇānvitāḥ ||

bhakti-prakaraṇasyopakrame -

yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā |
śraddhāvān bhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ || [Gītā 6.47]

iti bhakteḥ sarvotkarṣo yathā śruteḥ | tathaivopasaṃhāre 'pi tasyā evaṃ sarvotkarṣaṃ śrotu-kāmaḥ pṛcchati | evaṃ satata-yuktā mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramaḥ [Gītā 11.55] iti tvad-ukta-lakṣaṇā bhaktās tvāṃ śyāmasundarākāraṃ ye ca avyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam akṣaraṃ etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruty-uktaṃ brahma upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ yoga-vidāṃ madhye ke 'tiśayena yogavidaś ca tva-prāntau śreṣṭham upāyaṃ jānanti na labhante vā | te yoga-vittarā iti vaktavye yoga-vittamā ity uktir yoga-vittarāṇām api bahūnāṃ madhye ke yogavittamā ity arthaṃ bodhayati ||1||

baladevaḥ -
upāyeṣu samasteṣu śuddhā bhaktir mahā-balā |
prāpayet tvarayā yan mām ity āha dvādaśe hariḥ ||

jīvātmānaṃ yathāvaj jñātvā vijñāya ca tad-aṃśī harir dhyeya iti avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādibhir dvitīyādiṣv ekaḥ panthā varṇitaḥ | jīvātmānaṃ harer aṃśaṃ jñātvaiva tad-aṃśī haris tac-chravaṇādi-bhaktibhir dhyeya iti mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādibhiḥ saptamādiṣu dvitīya-panthāḥ pradarśitaḥ | teṣv eva prayāṇa-kāle [Gītā 8.10] ity ādinā yogopasṛṣṭā | jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye [Gītā 9.15] ity anena jñānopasṛṣṭā ca bhaktir uktā | bhakti-ṣaṭkāt prāk ṣaṣṭhānte kevalāṃ bhaktim upadekṣyatā yoginām api sarveṣāṃ [Gītā 6.47] ity ādi-padyena svaikāntinām yuktatamatāṃ cābhihitā | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati evam iti | evaṃ mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādi-tvad-ukta-vidhayā satata-yuktā ye tvāṃ śyāmasundaraṃ kṛṣṇaṃ paritaḥ kāyādi-vyāpārair upāsate, ye cākṣaraṃ jīva-svarūpaṃ cakṣur-ādibhir avyaktaṃ paryupāsate dhāraṇādhyāna-samādhibhiḥ sākṣāt-kartum īhante paramātma-kāmās teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye yoga-vittamāḥ śīghropāyinaḥ ke bhavanti ? ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | svānubhava-pūrvakasya hari-dhyānasya bandha-mūlatvāt tena nirvighnā tat-prāptir ity eke | nīrūpasyātisūkṣmasya jīvātmano durdhyānatvāt kiṃ tad-dhyānena ? kintu hari-bhaktir eva sarva-vighna-vimardinī hari-prāpaṇīty eke | tasyām eva niratās teṣām ubhayeṣām upāyeṣu kaḥ śreyān upāya iti taṃ bhaṇeti ||1||

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BhG 12.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
mayy āveśya mano ye māṃ nitya-yuktā upāsate |
śraddhayā parayopetās te me yuktatamā matāḥ ||2||

śrīdharaḥ - tatra prathamāḥ śreṣṭhā ity uttaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca mayīti | mayi parameśvare sarvajñādi-guṇa-viśiṣṭe | mana āveśyaikāgraṃ kṛtvā | nitya-yuktā mad-artha-karmānuṣṭhānādinā man-niṣṭhāḥ santaḥ śreṣṭhayā śraddhayā yuktā ye mām ārādhayanti te yuktatamā mamābhimatāḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ -

viśvanāthaḥ --- tatra mad-bhaktāḥ śreṣṭhā ity āha mayi śyāmasundarākāre mama āveśyāviṣṭaṃ kṛtvā nitya-yuktā man-nitya-yoga-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ parayā guṇātītayā śraddhayā | yad uktaṃ -

sāttviky ādhyātmikī śraddhā karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |
tāmasy adharme yā śraddhā mat-sevāyāṃ tu nirguṇā || [BhP 11.25.27] iti |

te me madīyā ananya-bhaktā yuktatamā yoga-vittamā ity arthaḥ | tenānanya-bhaktebhyo nyūnā anye jñāna-karmādi-miśra-bhaktimanto yoga-vittarā ity artho 'bhivyañjito bhavati | tataś ca jñānād bhaktiḥ śreṣṭhā bhaktāv apy ananya-bhaktiḥ śreṣṭhety upapāditam ||2||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ pṛṣṭho bhagavān uvāca mayīti | ye bhaktā mayi nīlotpala-śyāmalatvādi-dharmiṇi svayaṃ bhagavati devakī-sūnau mana āveśya nirataṃ kṛtvā parayā dṛḍhayā śraddhayopetāḥ santo mām ukta-lakṣaṇam upāsate | śravaṇādi-lakṣaṇām upāsanāṃ mama kurvanti | nitya-yuktā nityaṃ mad-yogam icchantas te mama matena yuktatamā matāḥ | śīghra-mat-prāpakopāyinas te ||2||

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BhG 12.3-4

ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam avyaktaṃ paryupāsate |
sarvatra-gam acintyaṃ ca kūṭastham acalaṃ dhruvam ||3||
saṃniyamyendriya-grāmaṃ sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ |
te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ ||4||

śrīdharaḥ - tarhītare kiṃ na śreṣṭhā iti ? ata āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye tv akṣaram paryupāsate dhyāyanti te 'pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvayor anvayaḥ | akṣarasya lakṣaṇam anirdeśyam ity ādi | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | yato 'vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi | avyaktatvād evācintyam | kūṭasthaṃ kūṭe māyā-prapañce 'dhiṣṭhānatvenāvasthitam | acalaṃ spandana-rahitam | ataeva dhruvaṃ nityaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | spaṣṭam anyat ||3-4||

madhusūdanaḥ - nirguṇa-brahma-vid-apekṣayā saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ ko 'tiśayo yena ta eva yuktatmās tavābhimatā ity apekṣāyāṃ tam atiśayaṃ vaktuṃ tan nirūpakān nirguṇa-brahma-vidaḥ prastauti ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye 'kṣaram mām upāsate te 'pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ | pūrvebhyo vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya tu-śabdaḥ | akṣaraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ brahma vācaknavī-brāhmaṇe prasiddhaṃ tasya samarpaṇāya sapta viśeṣaṇāni | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyaṃ yato 'vyaktaṃ śabda-pravṛtter nirviśeṣe pravṛtty-ayogāt | kuto jātyādi-rāhityam ata āha sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi sarva-kāraṇam | ato jātyādi-śūnyaṃ paricchinnasya kāryasyaiva jātyādi-yoga-darśanāt | ākāśādīnām api kāryatvābhyupagamāc ca | ataevācintyaṃ śabda-vṛtter iva mano-vṛtter api na viṣayaḥ | tasyā api paricchinna-viṣayatvāt | yato vāco nivartante | aprāpya manasā saha iti śruteḥ |

tarhi kathaṃ taṃ tv aupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi iti | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā iti ca śrutiḥ | śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtraṃ ca | ucyate, avidyā-kalpita-sambandhena śabda-janyāyāṃ buddhi-vṛttau caramāyāṃ paramānanda-bodha-rūpe śuddhe vastuni pratibimbite 'vidyā-tat-kāryayoḥ kalpitayor nivṛtty-upapatter upacāreṇa viṣayatvābhidhānāt | atas tatra kalpitam aivdyā-sambandhaṃ pratipādayitum āha kūṭasthaṃ, yan mithyā-bhūtaṃ satyatayā pratīyate tat-kūṭam iti lokair ucyate | yathā kūṭa-kārṣā-paṇaḥ kūṭa-sākṣitvam ity ādau | ajñānam api māyākhyaṃ saha kārya-prapañcena mithyā-bhūtam api laukikaiḥ satyatayā pratīyamānaṃ kūṭaṃ tasminn ādhyāsikena sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā tiṣṭhatīti kūṭastham ajñāna-tat-kāryādhiṣṭhānam ity arthaḥ | etena sarvānupapatti-parihāraḥ kṛtaḥ | ataeva sarva-vikārāṇām avidyā-kalpitatvāt tad-adhiṣṭhānam sākṣi-caitanyaṃ nirvikāram ity āha acalaṃ calanaṃ vikāraḥ | acalatvād eva dhruvam apariṇāmi nityam | etādṛśaṃ śuddhaṃ brahma māṃ paryupāsate śravaṇena pramāṇa-gatām asambhāvanām apohya mananena ca prameya-gatām anantaraṃ viparīta-bhāvanā-nivṛttaye dhyāyanti vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa nididhyāsana-saṃjñakena dhyānena viṣayīkurvantity arthaḥ ||3||

kathaṃ punar viṣayendriya-saṃyoge sati vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāro 'ta āha saṃniyamya sva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtyendriya-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam | etena śama-damādi-sampattir uktā |

viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanāyāṃ satyāṃ kuta indriyāṇāṃ tato nivṛttis tatrāha sarvatra viṣaye samā tulyā harṣa-viṣādābhyāṃ rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ ca rahitā matir yeṣāṃ samyag-jñānena tat-kāraṇasyājñānasyāpanītatvād viṣayeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsena spṛhāyā nirasanāc ca te sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ | etena vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam uktam | ataeva sarvatrātma-dṛṣṭyā hiṃsā-kāraṇa-dveṣa-rahitatvāt sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo mattaḥ svahā iti mantreṇa datta-sarva-bhūtābhaya-dakṣiṇāḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsā iti yāvat abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā saṃnyāsam ācaret iti smṛteḥ | evaṃvidhāḥ sarva-sādhana-sampannāḥ santaḥ svayaṃ brahma-bhūtā nirvicikitsena sākṣātkāreṇa sarva-sādhana-phala-bhūtena mām akṣaraṃ brahmaiva te prāpnuvanti | pūrvam api mad-rūpā eva santo 'vidyā-nivṛttyā mad-rūpā eva tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati ity-ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | ihāpi ca jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam [Gītā 7.14] ity uktam ||3-4||

viśvanāthaḥ --- madīya-nirviśeṣa-brahma-svarūpopāsakās tu duḥkhitatvāt tato nyūnā ity āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | akṣaraṃ brahma anirdeśya-śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyam | yato 'vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-deśa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyam | kūṭasthaṃ sarva-kāla-vyāpi | eka-rūpatayā tu yaḥ kāla-vyāpi sa kūṭasthaḥ ity amaraḥ | acalaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | dhruvaṃ nityam | mām evety akṣarasya tasya matto bhedābhāvāt ||3-4||

baladevaḥ - ye tu sva-sākṣāt-kṛti-pūrvikāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ na kurvanti, teṣām api mat-prāptiḥ syād eva kintv atikleśenāticireṇaivāntas tebhyo 'pakṛṣṭās ta ity āha ye tv iti tribhiḥ | ye tv akṣara-svātma-caitanyam eva pūrvam upāsate | teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśa iti sambandhaḥ | akṣaraṃ viśinaṣṭi anirdeśyaṃ dehād bhinnatvena dehābhidhāyibhir deva-mānavādi-śabdair nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | avyaktaṃ cakṣur-ādy-agocaraṃ pratyak sarvatra-gaṃ dehendriya-prāṇa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyaṃ śruti-mātra-vedyam jñāna-svarūpam eva jñātṛ-svarūpam acalaṃ jñānatvād api calana-rahitam | dhruvaṃ paramātmaika-śeṣatāyāṃ sarvadā sthiram | akṣaropāsane vidhim āha saṃniyamyeti | karaṇa-grāmaṃ śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ saṃniyamya śabdādi-saṃcārebhyas tad-vyāpārebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya sarvatra suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīnādiṣu sama-buddhayas tulya-dṛṣṭayaḥ | yad vā, sarveṣu cetanācetaneṣu vastuṣu sthite same brahmaṇi buddhir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite upakāre ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ śaṃ bhūyād iti yathāyathaṃ yatamānāḥ evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-pūrvikāyāṃ mad-bhaktau mad-arpita-karma-lakṣaṇāyāṃ ye pravartante, te 'pi mām eva pāramaiśvarya-pradhānaṃ prāpunuvantīti nāsti saṃśayaḥ ||3-4||

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BhG 12.5

kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām avyaktāsakta-cetasām |
avyaktā hi gatir duḥkhaṃ dehavadbhir avāpyate ||5||

śrīdharaḥ - nanu ca te 'pi cet tvām eva prāpnuvanti tarhītareṣāṃ yuktatamatvaṃ kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ kleśākleśa-kṛtaṃ viśeṣam āha kleśa iti tribhiḥ | avyakte nirviśeṣe 'kṣara āsaktaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ teṣāṃ kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | hi yasmād avyakta-viṣayā gatir niṣṭhā dehābhimānibhir duḥkhaṃ yathā bhavaty evam avāpyate | dehābhimānināṃ nityaṃ pratyak-pravaṇatvasya durghaṭatvād iti ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīm etebhyaḥ pūrveṣām atiśayaṃ darśayann āha kleśa iti | pūrveṣām api viṣayebhya āhṛtya saguṇe mana-āveśe satataṃ tat-karma-parāyaṇatve ca para-śraddhopetatve ca kleśo 'dhiko bhavaty eva | kintu avyaktāsakta-cetasāṃ nirguṇa-brahma-cintana-parāṇāṃ teṣāṃ pūrvokta-sādhanavatāṃ kleśa āyāso 'dhikataro 'tiśayenādhikaḥ |

atra svayam eva hetum āha bhagavān -- avyaktā hi gatiḥ | hi yasmād akṣarātmakaṃ gantavyaṃ phala-bhūtaṃ brahma duḥkhaṃ yathā syāt tathā kṛcchreṇa dehavadbhir deha-mānibhir avāpyate | sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtvā gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākyānāṃ tena tena vicāreṇa tat-tad-bhrama-nirākaraṇe mahān prayāsaḥ | pratyakṣa-siddhas tataḥ kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām ity uktam | yadyapy ekam eva phalaṃ tathāpi ye duṣkareṇopāyena prāpnuvanto bhavanti śreṣṭhā ity abhiprāyaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tarhi kenāṃśena teṣām apakarṣas tatrāha kleśa iti | na kenāpi vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ brahma tatraivāsakta-cetasāṃ tad evānububhūṣūṇāṃ teṣāṃ tat-prāntau kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | hi yasmād avyaktā gatiḥ kenāpi prakāreṇa vyaktībhavatisā gatir dehavadbhir jīvair duḥkhaṃ yathā bhavaty evam avāpyate | tathā hīndriyāṇāṃ śabdādi-jñāna-viśeṣa eva śaktiḥ | na tu viśeṣatara-jñānam iti | ata indriya-nirodhas teṣāṃ nirviśeṣa-jñānam icchatām avaśya-kartavya eva | indriyāṇāṃ nirodhas tu srotasvatīnām iva sroto-nirodho duṣkara eva | yad uktaṃ sanatkumāreṇa -

yat-pāda-paṅkaja-palāśa-vilāsa-bhaktyā
karmāśayaṃ grathitam udgrathayanti santaḥ |
tadvan na rikta-matayo yatayo |pi ruddha-
sroto-gaṇās tam araṇaṃ bhaja vāsudevam || [BhP 4.22.39]

kleśo mahān iha bhavārṇavam aplaveśāṃ
ṣaḍ-varga-nakram asukhena titīrṣanti |
tat tvaṃ harer bhagavato bhajanīyam aṅghriṃ
kṛtvoḍupaṃ vyasanam uttara dustarārṇam || [BhP 4.22.40] iti |

tāvatā kleśenāpi sā gatir yadyapy avāpyate | tad api bhakti-miśreṇaiva | bhagavati bhaktiṃ vinā kevala-brahmopāsakānāṃ tu kevala-kleśa eva lābho na tu brahma-prāptiḥ | yad uktaṃ brahmaṇā -

teṣām asau kleśala eva śiṣyate
nānyad yathā sthūla-tuṣāvaghātinām | [BhP 10.14.4] iti ||5||

baladevaḥ - nanu te 'pi cet tvām eva prāpnuyus tarhi pūrveṣāṃ yuktatamatvaṃ kiṃ nibandhanam ? tatrāha kleśo 'dhiketi | avyaktāsakta-cetasām atisūkṣma-nīrūpa-jīvātma-samādhi-nirata-manasāṃ teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśaḥ | yadyapi pūrveṣām api tat-tan-mad-bhakty-asaṅga-samācāro mad-anya-viṣayebhyaḥ karaṇānāṃ pratyāhāraś ca kleśo 'sty eva, tathāi tatrānanda-mūrter mama sphuraṇān na kleśatayā vibhāti | kuto 'dhikataratvaṃ sudurāpāstam ? hi yasmād avyaktā gatir avyaktākṣara-viṣayā mano-vṛttir dehavadbhir dehābhimānibhir janair duḥkhaṃ yathā syāt tathāvāpyate | dehavantaḥ khalu sthūla-deham eva sucirād ātmatvenānuśīlitavantaḥ katham aṇu-caitanyaṃ sucirojjhita-vimarśam ātmatvenānuśīlituṃ prabhaveyur iti bhāvaḥ |

yat tv atra vyācakṣate | sa-guṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ ceti dvirūpaṃ brahma | tatra saguṇopāsanam ākāravad-viṣayatvāt sukaram apramādaṃ ca | nirguṇopāsanaṃ tu tattvābhāvād duḥkha-karaṃ sa-pramādaṃ ca | tac ca nirguṇaṃ brahmākṣara-śabdenocyate | nairguṇya-pratipattaye sapta viśeṣaṇāni anirdeśyaṃ vedāgocaraṃ, yato 'vyaktaṃ jātyādi-śūnyam | sarvatra-gaṃ vyāpi | acintyaṃ manasāpy agamyam | śrutiś ca - yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha [TaittU 2.4.1] ity ādyā | kūṭasthaṃ mithā-bhūtam api satyavat pratītaṃ jagat kūṭam ucyate | yathā kūtakārṣāpaṇādi | tasminn ādhyāsika-sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā sthitam | acaram avikāram ato dhruvaṃ nityam iti | tad-vidāṃ khalu gurūpasatti-pūrvakopaniṣad-vicāra-tad-artha-manana-tan-nididhyāsanair mahān kleśaḥ |

pūrveṣāṃ tu tair vinaiva gurūkta-bhagavat-prasādāvirbhūtenājñāna-tat-kārya-vimardinā vijñānena bhagavat-svarūpa-bhūta-nirguṇākṣarātmaikya-lakṣaṇā muktir iti phalaikye 'pi kleśākleśābhyām apakarṣotkarṣāv iti | tad idaṃ mandaṃ gati-sāmānyāt iti sūtre brahmaṇo dvairūpya-nirāsāt | yathā tad akṣaram adhigamyate iti tasya veda-vedyatva-śravaṇāt | yato vācaḥ ity āde kārtsnyāgocaratvārthatvāt | pravṛtti-nimittābhāvena nirguṇasyāpramāṇatvāt taucchyāc ca lakṣyatvaṃ tu na, sarva-śabda-vācyatva-svīkārāt | sadaikāvasthasya vastunaḥ kūṭasthatvenābhidhānān na ca jagat kūṭam |

kavir manīṣī paribhūḥ svayambhur
yāthātathyato 'rthān vyadadhāc chāśvatībhyaḥ samābhyaḥ [Īśopaniṣad 8]

ity ādau tasya satyatva-śravaṇāt | yaśodā-stanandhaya-vibhu-cid-vigrahasya para-brahmatva-śravaṇena tad-anta-stha-nirguṇākṣara-kalpanasya śraddhā-jāḍya-kṛtatvāt ||5||

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Verses6-7

ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya mat-parāḥ |
ananyenaiva yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate ||6||
teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt |
bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha mayy āveśita-cetasām ||7||

śrīdharaḥ - mad-bhaktānāṃ tu mat-prasādād anāyāsenaiva siddhir bhavatīty āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye mayi parameśvare sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya samarpya mat-parā bhūtvā | māṃ dhyāyantaḥ | ananyena na vidyate 'nyo bhajanīyo yasmiṃs tenaiva | ekānta-bhakti-yogenopāsata ity arthaḥ ||6||

teṣām iti | evaṃ mayy āveśitaṃ ceto yais teṣām | mṛtyu-yuktāt saṃsāra-sāgarād ahaṃ samyag uddhartācireṇa bhavāmi ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanu phalaikye kleśālpatvādhikyābhyāsam utkarṣa-nikarṣau syātāṃ, tad eva tu nāsti nirguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ hi phalam avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā nirviśeṣa-paramānanda-bodha-brahma-rūpatā | saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ tv adhiṣṭhāna-pramāyā abhāvenāvidyā-nivṛtty-abhāvād aiśvarya-viśeṣaḥ kārya-brahma-loka-gatānāṃ phalam | ataḥ phalādhikyārtham āyāsādhikyaṃ na nyūnatām āpādayatīit cet, na suguṇopāsanayā nirasta-sarva-pratibandhānāṃ vinā gurūpadeśaṃ vinā ca śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanādy-āvṛtti-kleśaṃ svayam āvirbhūtena vedānta-vākyeneśvara-prasāda-sahakṛtena tattva-jñānodayād avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā brahma-loka evaiśvarya-bhogānte nirguṇa-brahma-vidyā-phala-parama-kaivalyopapatteḥ | sa etasmāj jīva-ghanāt parātparaṃ puriśayaṃ puruṣam īkṣate iti śruteḥ sa prāpta-hiraṇyagarbhaiśvaryo bhogānta etasmāj jīva-ghanāt sarva-jīva-samaṣṭi-rūpāt parāc chreṣṭhād dhiraṇyagarbhāt paraṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ ca puriśayaṃ sva-hṛdaya-guhā-niviṣṭaṃ puruṣaṃ pūrṇaṃ pratyag-abhinnam advitīyaṃ paramātmānam īkṣate svayam āvirbhūtena vedānta-pramāṇena sākṣātkaroti, tāvatā ca mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | tathā ca vināpi prāg-ukta-kleśena saguṇa-brahma-vidām īśvara-prasādena nirguṇa-brahma-vidyā-phala-prāptir itīmam artham āha ye tv iti dvyābhyām |

tu-śabda uktāśaṅkā-nivṛtty-arthaḥ | ye sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya saguṇe vāsudeve samarpya mat-parā ahaṃ bhagavān vāsudeva eva paraḥ prakṛṣṭaḥ prīti-viṣayo yeṣāṃ te tathā santo 'nanyenaiva yogena na vidyate māṃ bhagavantaṃ muktvānyad-ālambanaṃ yasya tādṛśenaiva yogena samādhinaikānta-bhakti-yogāpara-nāmnā māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ sakala-saundarya-sāra-nidhānam ānanda-ghana-vigrahaṃ dvibhujaṃ caturbhujaṃ vā samasta-jana-mano-mohinīṃ muralīm antimanoharaiḥ saptabhiḥ svarair āpūrayantaṃ vā dara-kamala-kaumodakī-rathāṅga-saṅgi-pāṇi-pallavaṃ vā narasiṃha-rāghavādi-rūpaṃ vā yathā-darśita-viśva-rūpaṃ vā dhyāyanta upāsate samānākāram avicchinnaṃ citta-vṛtti-pravāhaṃ saṃtanvate samīpa-vartitayā 'sate tisṭhanti vā tesāṃ mayy āveśita-cetasāṃ mayi yathokta āveśitam ekāgratayā praveśitaṃ ceto yais teṣām ahaṃ satatopāsito bhagavān mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarām mṛtyu-yukto yaḥ saṃsāro mithyā-jñāna-tat-kārya-prapañcaḥ sa eva sāgarā iva duruttaras tasmāt samuddhartā samyag anāyasenordhve sarva-bādhāv adhibhūte śuddhe brahmaṇi dhartā dhārayitā jñānāvaṣṭambha-dānena bhavāmi na cirāt kṣipram eva tasminn eva janmani | he pārtheti sambodhanam āśvāsārtham ||6-7||

viśvanāthaḥ --- bhaktānāṃ tu jñānaṃ vinaiva kevalayā bhaktyaiva sukhena saṃsārān muktir ity āha ye tv iti | mayi yat prānty arthaṃ saṃnyasya tyaktvā saṃnyāsa-śabdasya tyāgārthatvāt | ananyenaiva jñāna-karma-tapasyādi-rahitenaiva yogena bhakti-yogena yad uktaṃ yat karmabhir yat tapasā jñāna-vairāgyataś ca yat [BhP 11.20.32] ity anantaram |

sarvaṃ mad-bhakti-yogena mad-bhakto labhate 'ñjasā |
svargāpavargaṃ mad-dhāma kathañcid yadi vāñchati || [BhP 11.20.33] iti |

nanu tad api teṣāṃ saṃsāra-taraṇe kaḥ prakāra iti cet ? satyaṃ | teṣāṃ saṃsāra-taraṇa-prakāre jijñāsā naiva jñāyate | yatas tat-prakāraṃ vinaivāham eva tāṃs tārayiṣyāmīty āha teṣām iti | tena bhagavato bhakteṣv eva vātsalyaṃ na tu jñāniṣv iti dhvaniḥ ||6-7||

baladevaḥ - tathātma-yāthātmyaṃ śrutvaivātmāṃśino mama kevalāṃ bhaktiṃ ye kurvanti, na tv ātma-sākṣātkṛtaye prayatante, teṣāṃ tu kevalayā mad-bhaktyaiva mat-prāptir acireṇaiva syād ity āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye mad-ekāntino mayi mat-prāpty-arthaṃ sarvāṇi sva-vihitāny api karmāṇi saṃnyasya bhakti-vikṣepakatva-buddhyā parityajya mat-parā mad-eka-puruṣārthāḥ santo 'nanyena kevalena mac-chravaṇādi-lakṣaṇena yogenopāyena māṃ kṛṣṇam upāsate | tal-lakṣaṇāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ kurvanti dhyāyantaḥ śravaṇādi-kāle 'pi man-niviṣṭa-manasaḥ | teṣāṃ mayy āveśita-cetasāṃ mad-ekānurakta-manasāṃ bhaktānām aham eva mṛtyu-yuktāt saṃsārāt sāgaravad dustarāt samuddhartā bhavāmi | na cirāt tvarayā tat-prāpti-vilambāsahamānas tān ahaṃ garuḍa-skandham āropya sva-dhāma prāpayāmīty arcir-ādi-nirapekṣā teṣāṃ mad-dhāma-prāptiḥ -

nayāmi paramaṃ sthānam arcir ādi-gatiṃ vinā |
garuḍa-skandham āropya yatheccham anivāritaḥ || iti vārāha-vacanāt |

karmādi-nirapekṣāpi bhaktir abhīṣṭa-sādhikā-

yā vai sādhana-sampattiḥ puruṣārtha-catuṣṭaye |
tayā vinā tad āpnoti naro nārāyaṇāśrayaḥ || iti nārāyaṇīyāt |

sarva-dharmojjhitā viṣṇor nāma-mātraika-jalpakāḥ |
sukhena yāṃ gatiṃ yānti na tāṃ sarve 'pi dhārmikāḥ || iti pādmāc ca ||6-7||

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BhG 12.8

mayy eva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya |
nivasiṣyasi mayy eva ata ūrdhvaṃ na saṃśayaḥ ||8||

śrīdharaḥ - yasmād evaṃ tasmāt mayy eveti | mayy eva saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ mana ādhatsva sthirīkuru | buddhim api vyavasāyātmikāṃ mayy eva niveśaya | evaṃ kurvan mat-prasādena labdha-jñānaḥ san ata ata ūrdhvaṃ dehānte mayy eva nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi | yad ātmanā vāsaṃ kariṣyasi | nātra saṃśayaḥ | yathā ca śrutiḥ dehānte devaḥ paraṃ brahmā tārakaṃ vyacaṣṭe iti ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evam iyatā prabandhena saguṇopāsanāṃ stutvedānīṃ vidhatte mayy eveti | mayy eva saguṇe brahmaṇi manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakam ādhatsva sthāpaya sarvā manovṛttīr mad-viṣayā eva kuru | eva-kārānuṣaṅgena mayy eva buddhim adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇāṃ niveśaya | sarvā buddhi-vṛttīr mad-viṣayā eva kuru, viṣayāntara-parityāgena sarvadā māṃ cintayety arthaḥ | tataḥ kiṃ syād ity ata āha nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi labdha-jñānaḥ san mad-ātmanā mayy eva śuddha ata ūrdhvam etad-dehānte na saṃśayo nātra pratibandha-śaṅkā kartavyety arthaḥ | eva ata ūrdhvam ity atra sandhy-abhāvaḥ śloka-pūraṇārthaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ --- yasmān mad-bhaktir eva śreṣṭhā tasmāt tvaṃ bhaktim eva kurv iti tām upadiśati mayy eveti tribhiḥ | eva-kāreṇa nirviśeṣa-vyāvṛttiḥ | mayi śyāmasundare pītāmbare vanamālini mana ādhatsva mat-smaraṇaṃ kurv ity arthaḥ | tathā buddhiṃ vivekavatīṃ niveśaya man-mananaṃ kurv ity arthaḥ | tac ca mananaṃ dhyāna-pratipādaka-śāstra-vākyānuśīlanam | tataś ca mayy eva nivasiṣyasīti chāndasam | mat-samīpa eva nivāsaṃ prāpnoṣīty arthaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ -- yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvaṃ mayy eva na tu svātmani mana ādhatsva samāhitaṃ kuru | buddhiṃ mayi niveśayārpaya | evaṃ kurvāṇas tvaṃ mayy eva mama kṛṣṇasya sannidhāv eva nivatsyasi, na tu sa-niṣṭhavat sargādikam anubhavann aiśvarya-pradhānaṃ māṃ prāpsyasīty arthaḥ ||8||


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BhG 12.9

atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram |
abhyāsa-yogena tato mām icchāptuṃ dhanaṃjaya ||9||

śrīdharaḥ - atrāśaktaṃ prati sugamopāyam āha atheti | sthiraṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ mayi cittaṃ dhārayituṃ yadi śakto na bhavasi tarhi vikṣiptaṃ cittaṃ punaḥ punaḥ pratyāhṛtya mad-anusmaraṇa-lakṣaṇo yo 'bhyāsa-yogas tena māṃ prāptum iccha | prayatnaṃ kuru ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīṃ saguṇa-brahma-dhyānāśaktānām aśakti-tāratāmyena prathamaṃ pratimādau bāhye bhagavad-dhyānābhyāsas tad-aśaktau bhāgavata-dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ tad-aśaktau sarva-karma-phala-tyāga iti trīṇi sādhanāni tribhiḥ ślokair vidhatte atheti | atha pakṣāntare sthiraṃ yathā syāt tathā cittaṃ samādhātuṃ sthāpayituṃ mayi na śaknoṣi cet tata ekasmin pratimādāv ālambane sarvataḥ samāhṛtya cetasaḥ punaḥ punaḥ sthāpanam abhyāsas tat-pūrvako yogaḥ samādhis tenābhyāsa-yogena mām āptum iccha yatasva | he dhanañjaya ! bahūn śatrūn jitvā dhanam āhṛtavān asi rājasūyādy-artham ekaṃ manaḥ-śatruṃ jitvā tatva-jñāna-dhanam āhariṣyasīti na tavāścaryam iti sambodhanārthaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ --- sākṣāt smaraṇāsamarthaṃ prati tat-prāpty-upāyam āha atheti | abhyāsa-yogenānyatrānyatra gatam api manaḥ punaḥ pratyāhṛtya mad-rūpa eva sthāpanam abhyāsaḥ | sa eva yogas tena | prākṛtatvād iti kutsita-rūpa-rasādiṣu calantyā manonadyās teṣu calanaṃ nirudhya atisubhadreṣu madīya-rūpa-rasādiṣu tac-calanaṃ śanaiḥ śanaiḥ sampādayety arthaḥ | he dhanañjayeti bahūn śatrūn jitvā dhanam āhṛtavatā tvayā mano 'pi jitvā dhyāna-dhanaṃ grahītuṃ śakyam eveti bhāvaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ - nanu gaṅgeva yeṣāṃ mano-vṛtti-rodhavatī teṣāṃ tvat-prāptis tvarayā syān mama tu tādṛśī na tad-vṛttis tataḥ kathaṃ seti cet tatrāha atheti | sthiraṃ yathā syāt tathā mayi cittaṃ samyag anāyāsenādhātum arpayituṃ na śaknoṣi cet tato 'bhyāsa-yogena mām āptum iccha yatasva | tato 'nyatra gatasya manasaḥ pratyāhṛtya śanaiḥ śanair mayi sthāpanam abhyāsas tena manasi mat-pravaṇe sati mat-prāptiḥ sulabhā syād iti bhāvaḥ ||9||

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BhG 12.10

abhyāse 'py asamartho 'si mat-karma-paramo bhava |
mad-artham api karmāṇi kurvan siddhim avāpsyasi ||10||

śrīdharaḥ - yadi punar naivaṃ tatrāha abhyāsa iti | yadi punar abhyāse 'py aśakto 'si tarhi mat-prīty-arthāni yāni karmāṇi ekādaśy-upavāsa-vrata-caryā-pūjā-nāma-saṅkīrtanādīni tad-anuṣṭhānam eva paramaṃ yasya tādṛśo bhava | evaṃ-bhūtāni karmāṇy api mad-arthaṃ kurvan mokṣaṃ prāpsyasi ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ - mat-prīṇanārthaṃ karma mat-karma śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhāgavata-dharmas tat-paramas tad-eka-niṣṭho bhava | abhyāsāsamarthye mad-arthaṃ bhāgavata-dharma-saṃjñakāni karmāṇy api kurvan siddhiṃ brahma-bhāva-lakṣaṇāṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇāvāpsyasi ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ --- abhyāse 'pīti yathā pitta-dūṣitā rasanā matsyaṇḍikāṃ necchati | tathaivāvidyā-dūṣitaṃ manas tad-rūpādikaṃ madhuram api na gṛhṇātīty atas tena durgraheṇa mahā-prabalena manasā saha yoddhuṃ mayā naiva śakyata iti manyase ced iti bhāvaḥ | mat-karmāṇi paramāṇi yasya saḥ | karmāṇi madīya-śravaṇa-kīrtana-vandanārcana-man-mandira-mārjanābhyukṣaṇa-puṣpāharaṇādi-paricaraṇādi kurvan vināpi mat-smaraṇaṃ siddhiṃ premavat-pārṣadatva-lakṣaṇāṃ prāpsyatīti ||10||
baladevaḥ - nanu vāyor iva manaso 'ticāpalyāt tasya pratyāhāre mama na śaktir iti cet tatrāha abhyāse 'pīti | ukta-lakṣaṇe 'bhyāse 'pi cet tvam asamarthas tarhi mat-karmāṇi paramāṇi pumartha-bhūtāni yasya tādṛśo bhava | tāni ca man-niketa-nirmāṇa-mat-puṣpa-bāṭī-secanādīni pūrvam uktāni | evaṃ sukarāṇi mad-arthāni karmāṇi kurvāṇas tvaṃ tatra tarāti-manojña-man-mūrty-uddeśa-mahimnā tādṛśe mayi nirata-manāḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mat-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇām avāpsyasīty atisugamo 'yam upāyaḥ ||10||

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BhG 12.11

athaitad apy aśakto 'si kartuṃ mad-yogam āśritaḥ |
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān ||11||

śrīdharaḥ - atyantaṃ bhagavad-dharma-pariniṣṭhāyām aśaktasya pakṣāntaram āha atheti | yady etad api kartuṃ na śaknoṣi tarhi mad-ayogaṃ mad-eka-śaraṇatvam āśritaḥ san sarveṣāṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthānām āvaśyakānāṃ cāgnihotrādi-karmaṇāṃ phalāni niyata-cittaṃ bhūs tvā parityaja | etad uktaṃ bhavati mayā tāvad īśvarājñayā yathā-śakti karmāṇi kartavyāni | phalaṃ tāvad dṛṣṭam adṛṣṭaṃ vā parameśvarādhīnam ity evaṃ mayi bhāram āropya phalāsaktiṃ parityajya vartamāno mat-prasādena kṛtārtho bhaviṣyasīti ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ - atha bahir-viṣayākṛṣṭa-cetastvād etan-mat-karma-paratvam api kartuṃ na śaknoṣi, tato mad-yogaṃ mad-eka-śaraṇatvam āśrito mayi sarva-karma-samarpaṇaṃ mad-yogas taṃ vāśritaḥ san yatātmavān yataḥ saṃyata-sarvendriya ātmavān vivekī ca san sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ kuru phalābhisandhiṃ tyajety arthaḥ ||11||
viśvanāthaḥ --- etad api kartum aśaktaś cet tarhi mad-yogam āśrito mayi sarva-karma-samarpaṇam | mad-yogas tam āśritaḥ san sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ prathama-ṣaṭkoktaṃ kuru | ayam arthaḥ -- prathama-ṣaṭke bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-yoga eva mokṣopāya uktaḥ | dvitīya-ṣaṭke 'smin bhakti-yoga eva bhagavat-prāpty-upāya uktaḥ | sa ca bhakti-yogo dvividhaḥ - bhagavan-niṣṭho 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-vyāpāro, bahiṣkaraṇa-vyāpāraś ca | tatra prathamas trividhaḥ - smaraṇātmako, mananātmakaś cākhaṇḍa-smaraṇāsāmarthye tad-anurāgināṃ tad-abhyāsa-rūpaṃ ceti trika evāyaṃ manda-dhiyāṃ durgamaḥ | sudhiyāṃ niraparādhānāṃ tu sugama eva | dvitīyaḥ śravaṇa-kīrtanātmakaṃ tu sarveṣāṃ sugama evopāyaḥ | evam ubhayopāya-vanto 'dhikāriṇaḥ sarvataḥ prakṛṣṭā dvitīya-ṣaṭke 'sminn uktāḥ | etat-kṛtya-samarthā indriyāṇāṃ bhagavan-niṣṭhīkṛtāv aśraddhālavaś ca bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmiṇaḥ prathama-ṣaṭkotādhikāriṇo 'smān nikṛṣṭā eveti ||11||

baladevaḥ - atha mahākulīnatva-loka-mukhyatvādinā pratibandhena bādhitas tvam anyo vai tan-man-niketa-vimārjanādi-mat-prītikara-mati-sukaram api karma cet kartum aśakto 'si tato mad-yogaṃ mac-charaṇatām āśritaḥ san sarveṣām anuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgaṃ kuru yatātmavān vijita-manā bhūtvā, tathā ca phalābhisandhi-śūnyair agnihotra-darśa-paurṇamāsy-ādibhir mad-ārādhana-rūpaiḥ karmabhir viṣa-tantuvad-antar-abhyuditena jñānena sva-parātmanoḥ śeṣa-śeṣi-bhāve 'bhyudite sva-śeṣiṇi sarvottamatvena vidite śanaiḥ śanaiḥ parāpi bhaktiḥ syād iti | evam eva vakṣyati yataḥ pravṛttir bhūtānāṃ ity ādinā mad-bhaktiṃ labhate parām ity anena ||11||

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BhG 12.12

śreyo hi jñānam abhyāsāj jñānād dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate |
dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgas tyāgāc chāntir anantaram ||12||

śrīdharaḥ - tam imaṃ phala-tyāgaṃ stauti śreya iti | samyag-jñāna-rahitād abhyāsāt yukti-sahitopadeśa-pūrvakaṃ jñānaṃ śreṣṭham | tasmād api tat-pūrvaṃ dhyānaṃ viśiṣṭam | tatas tu taṃ paśyati niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamāna iti śruteḥ | tasmād apy ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ karma-phala-tyāgaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ | tasmād evaṃbhūtāt karma-phala-tyāgāt karmasu tat-phaleṣu cāsakti-nivṛttyā mat-prasādena ca samanantaram eva saṃsāra-śāntir bhavati ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīm atraiva sādhana-vidhāna-prayavasānād imaṃ sarva-phala-tyāgaṃ stauti śreya iti | śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ hi eva jñānaṃ śabda-yuktibhyām ātma-niścayo 'bhyāsā jñānārtha-śravaṇābhyāsāt | jñānāc chravaṇa-manana-pariniṣpannād api dhyānaṃ nididhyāsana-saṃjñaṃ viśiṣyate 'tiśayitaṃ bhavati sākṣātkārāvyavahita-hetutvāt | tad evaṃ sarva-sādhana-śreṣṭhaṃ dhyānaṃ tato 'py atiśayitatvenājña-kṛtaḥ karma-phala-tyāgaḥ stūyate |

dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgo viśiṣyata ity anuṣajyate | tyāgān niyata-cittena puṃsā kṛtāt sarva-karma-phala-tyāgāc chāntir upaśamaḥ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasyānantaram apy avadhānena na tu kālāntaram apekṣate | atra -

yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi sthitāḥ |
atha martyo 'mṛto bhavaty atra brahma samaśnute ||

ity ādi śrutiṣu prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān ity ādi-sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇeṣu ca sarva-kāma-tyāgasyāmṛtatva-sādhanatvam avagatam | karma-phalāni ca kāmās tat-tyāgo 'pi kāma-tyāgatva-sāmānyāt sarva-kāma-tyāga-phalena stūyate | yathāgastyena brāhmaṇena samudraḥ pīta iti, yathā vā jāmadagnyena brāhmaṇena niḥkṣatrā pṛthivī kṛteti bāhmaṇatva-sāmānyād idānīntanā api brāhmaṇā aparimeya-parākramatvena stūyante tadvat ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ --- athoktānāṃ smaraṇa-mananābhyāsānāṃ yathā-pūrvaṃ śraiṣṭhyaṃ spaṣṭīkṛyāha śreyo hīti | abhyāsāj jñānaṃ mayi buddhiṃ niveśayety uktaṃ man-mananaṃ śreyaḥ śreṣṭham | abhyāse saty āyāsata eva dhyānaṃ syāt | manane sati tv anāyāsata eva dhyānam iti viśeṣāt tasmāt jñānād api dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate śreṣṭham ity arthaḥ | kuta ity ata āha - dhyānāt karma-phalānāṃ svargādi-sukhānāṃ niṣkāma-karma-phalasya mokṣasya ca tyāgas tat-spṛhā-rāhityaṃ syāt | svataḥ prāptasyāpi tasyopekṣā | niścala-dhyānāt pūrvaṃ tu bhaktānām ajāta-ratīnāṃ mokṣa-tyāgecchaiva bhavet | niścala-dhyānavatāṃ tu mokṣopekṣā | saiva mokṣa-laghutā-kāriṇī | yad uktaṃ bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhau - kleśa-ghnī śubhadā [BRS 1.1.7] ity atra ṣaḍbhiḥ padair etan-māhātmyaṃ kīrtitam iti | yad uktaṃ -

na pārameṣṭhyaṃ na mahendra-dhiṣṇyaṃ
na sārvabhaumaṃ na rasādhipatyam |
na yoga-siddhīr apunar-bhavaṃ vā
mayy arpitātmecchati mad vinānyat || [BhP 11.14.14] iti |

mayy arpitātmā mad-dhyāna-niṣṭhaḥ | tyāgād vaitṛṣṇyād anantaram eva śāntir mad-rūpa-guṇādikaṃ vinā sarva-viṣayeṣv evendriyāṇām uparatiḥ | atra pūrvārdhe śreyaḥ iti viśiṣyate iti pada-dvayenānvayād uttarārdhe tu anantaram ity anenaivānvayād eṣaiva vyākhyā samyag upapadyate nānyety avadheyam ||12||

baladevaḥ - sukaratvād apramādatvāj jñāna-garbhatvāc cānibhisaṃhitaṃ phalaṃ karma-yogaṃ stauti śreyo hīti | abhyāsān mat-smṛti-sātatya-rūpād aniṣpannāj jñānaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-rūpaṃ śreyaḥ praśastataram | paramātmopalabdhi-dvāratvāt jñānāc ca tasmād aniṣpannāt sādhana-bhūtaṃ dhyānaṃ svātma-cintana-lakṣaṇaṃ viśiṣyate sva-hitatve śreyo bhavati | dhyānāc ca tasmād aniṣpannāt karma-phala-tyāgād anantaraṃ śāntis tyakta-phalād anuṣṭhitā karmaṇo 'nantaraṃ manaḥ-śuddhir ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śuddhe manasi dhyānaṃ niṣpadyate | niṣpanne dhyāne sva-sākṣātkṛti-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ | jñāne niṣpanne tat-phala-bhūtaṃ paramātma-jñānam | tena parā bhaktis tayiśvarya-pradhānasya mama prāptir iti durgamo 'yam upāya iti bhāvaḥ | na cāyam arjunaṃ praty upadeśas tasyaikāntitvāt | san-niṣṭhā niṣkāma-karma-ratā hari-dhyāyinaś ca svātmānam anubhūya tato 'bhyuditayā hari-viṣayakatyā pāramaiśvarya-guṇayā parayā bhaktyā hariṃ premāspadam anubhavanto vimucyanta iti gītā-śāstrārtha-paddhatiḥ | kintv ekāntitvāsaktaṃ pratīti-bodhyam ||12||

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BhG 12.13-14

adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca |
nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ kṣamī ||13||
saṃtuṣṭaḥ satataṃ yogī yatātmā dṛḍha-niścayaḥ |
mayy arpita-mano-buddhir yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||14||

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ-bhūtasya bhaktasya kṣipram eva parameśvara-prasāda-hetūn dharmān āha adveṣṭety aṣṭabhiḥ | sarva-bhūtānāṃ yathāyatham adveṣṭā maitraḥ karuṇaś ca | uttameṣu dveṣa-śūnyaḥ | sameṣu mitratayā vartata iti maitraḥ | hīneṣu kṛpālur ity arthaḥ | nirmamo nirahaṃkāraś ca kṛpālutvād eva anyaiḥ saha same duḥkha-sukhe yasya saḥ | kṣamī kṣamāśīlaḥ ||13||

saṃtuṣṭa iti | satataṃ lābhe 'lābhe ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ suprasanna-cittaḥ | yogī apramattaḥ yatātmā saṃyata-svabhāvaḥ | dṛḍho mad-viṣayo yasya | mayy arpite mano-buddhī yena | evaṃbhūto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evaṃ mandam adhikāriṇaṃ pratyatiduṣkaratvenākṣaropāsana-nindayā sukaraṃ saguṇopāsanaṃ vidhāyāśakti-tāratamyānuvādenānyāny api sādhanāni vidadhau bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma sarva-pratibandha-rahitaḥ sann uttamādhikāritayā phala-bhūtāyām akṣara-vidyāyām avatared ity abhiprāyeṇa sādhana-vidhānasya phalārthatvāt | tad uktam -

nirviśeṣaṃ paraṃ brahma sākṣātkartum anīśvarāḥ |
ye mandās te 'nukampyante saviśeṣa-nirūpaṇaiḥ ||
vaśīkṛte manasy eṣāṃ saguṇa-brahma-śīlanāt |
tad evāvirbhavet sākṣād apetopādhi-kalpanam || iti |

bhagavatā patañjalinā coktaṃ samādhi-siddhir īśvara-praṇidhānāt iti | tataḥ pratyak-cetanādhigamo 'py antarāyābhāvaś ca iti ca | tata itīśvara-praṇidhānād ity arthaḥ | tad evam akṣaropāsana-nindā saguṇopāsana-stutaye na tu heyatayā, udita-homa-vidhāvanudita-homa-nindāvat | na hi nindā nindyaṃ nindituṃ pravartate 'pi tu vidheyaṃ stotum iti nyāyāt | tasmād akṣaropāsakā eva paramārthato yoga-vittamāḥ |

priyo hi jñānino 'tyartham ahaṃ sa ca mama priyaḥ |
udārāḥ sarva evaite jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam || [Gītā 7.17-18]

ity ādinā punaḥ punaḥ praśastatamatayoktās teṣām eva jñānaṃ dharma-jātaṃ cānusaraṇīyam adhikāram āsādya tvayety arjunaṃ bubodhayiṣuḥ parama-hitaiṣī bhagavān abheda-darśinaḥ kṛta-kṛtyānakṣaropāsakān prastauti adveṣṭeti saptabhiḥ |

sarvāṇi bhūtāny ātmatvena paśyann ātmano duḥkha-hetāv api pratikūla-buddhy-abhāvān na dveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ kintu maitrī snigdhatā tadvān | yataḥ karuṇaḥ karuṇā duḥkhiteṣu dayā tadvān sarva-bhūtābhaya-dātā paramahaṃsa-parivrājaka ity arthaḥ | nirmamo dehe 'pi mameti pratyaya-rahitaḥ | nirahaṅkāro vṛtta-svādhyāyādi-kṛtāhaṅkārān niṣkrāntaḥ | dveṣa-rāgayor apravartakatvena same duḥkha-sukhe yasya saḥ | ataeva kṣamī ākrośana-tāḍanādināpi na vikriyām āpadyate ||13||

tasyaiva viśeṣaṇāntarāṇi santuṣṭa iti | satataṃ śarīra-sthiti-kāraṇasya lābhe 'lābhe ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ utpannālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | tathā guṇaval-lābhe viparyaye ca | satatam iti sarvatra sambadhyate | yogī samāhita-cittaḥ | yatātmā saṃyata-śarīrendriyādi-saṃghātaḥ | dṛḍhaḥ kutārkikair abhibhavitum aśakyatayā sthiro niścayo 'ham asmy akaartra-bhloktṛ-saccidānandādvitīyaṃ brahmety adhyavasāyo yasya sa dṛḍha-niścayaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve śuddhe brahmaṇi arpita-mano-buddhiḥ samarpitāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ | īdṛśo yo mad-bhaktaḥ śuddhākṣara-brahmavit sa me priyaḥ, mad-ātmatvāt ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ --- etādṛśyāḥ śāntyā bhaktaḥ kīdṛśo bhavatīty apekṣāyāṃ bahuvidha-bhaktānāṃ svabhāva-bhedān āha adveṣṭety aṣṭabhiḥ | adveṣṭā dviṣatsv api dveṣaṃ na karoti pratyuta mitro mitratayā vartate | karuṇa eṣām asad-gatir mā bhavatv iti buddhyā teṣu kṛpāluḥ | nanu kīdṛśena vivekena dviṣatsv api maitrī-kāruṇye syātām | tatra vivekaṃ vinaivety āha nirmamo nirahaṃkāra iti putra-kalatrādiṣu mamatvābhāvād dehe cāhaṅkārābhāvāt tasya mad-bhaktasya kvāpi dveṣa eva naiva phalati | kutaḥ punar dveṣa-janita-duḥkha-śānty-arthaṃ tena vivekaḥ svīkartavya iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tad apy anya-kṛta-pāduka-muṣṭi-prahārādibhir deha-vyathādīnaṃ duḥkhaṃ kiṃcid bhavaty eva ? tatrāha sama-duḥkha-sukham | yad uktaṃ bhagavatā candrārdha-śekhareṇa -

nārāyaṇa-parāḥ sarve na kutaścana bibhyati |
svargāpavarga-narakeṣv api tulyārtha-darśinaḥ || [BhP 6.17.28] iti |

sukha-duḥkhayoḥ sāmyaṃ sama-darśitvam | tac ca mama prārabdha-phalam idam avśya-bhogyam iti bhāvanā-mayam | sāmye 'pi sahiṣṇuvaiva duḥkhaṃ sahyata ity āha kṣamī kṣamavān | kṣam sahane dhātuḥ |

nanv etādṛśasya bhaktasya jīvikā kathaṃ sidhyet ? tatrāha santuṣṭaḥ | yadṛcchopasthite kiṃcid yatnopasthite vā bhakṣya-vastuni santuṣṭaḥ |

nanu sama-duḥkha-sukham ity uktam | tat kathaṃ svabhakṣam ālakṣya santuṣṭa iti tatrāha satataṃ yogī bhakti-yoga-yukto bhakti-siddhārtham iti bhāvaḥ | yad uktaṃ-

āhārārthaṃ yatataiva yuktaṃ tat-prāṇa-dhāraṇam |
tattvaṃ vimṛśyate tena tad vijñāya paraṃ vrajet || iti |

kiṃ ca deivād aprāpta-bhaikṣyo 'pi yatātmā saṃyata-cittaḥ kṣobha-rahita ity arthaḥ | daivāc citta-kṣobhe saty api tad-upaśamārtham aṣṭāṅga-yogābhyāsādikaṃ naiva karotīty āha dṛḍha-niścayo 'nanya-bhaktir eva me kartavyeti niścayas tasya na śithilībhavatīty arthaḥ | sarvatra hetuḥ mayy arpita-mano-buddhir mat-smaraṇa-manana-parāyaṇa ity arthaḥ | īdṛśo bhaktas tu me priyo mām atiprīṇayatīty arthaḥ ||13-14||

baladevaḥ - evam ekānti-bhaktān pariniṣṭhitādīn anekānti-bhaktān saniṣṭhāṃś ca tat-tat-sādhana-bhedair upavarṇya teṣāṃ sarvoparañjakān guṇān vidadhāti adveṣṭeti saptabhiḥ | sarva-bhūtānām adveṣṭā dveṣaṃ kurvatsv api teṣu mat-prārabhdānuguṇa-pareśa-preritāny amūni mahyaṃ dviṣantīti dveṣa-śūnyaḥ | pareśādhiṣṭhānāny amūnīti teṣu maitraḥ snigdhaḥ | kenacin nimittena khinneṣu mābhūd eṣāṃ kheda iti karuṇaḥ | dehādiṣu nirmamaḥ prakṛter amī vikārā na mameti teṣu mamatā-śūnyaḥ | nirahaṅkāras teṣv ātmābhimāna-rahitaḥ | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ sukhe sati harṣeṇa duḥkhe sati udvegena cāvyākulaḥ | yataḥ kṣamī tat-tat-sahiṣṇuḥ | satataṃ santuṣṭo lābhe 'lābhe ca prasanna-cittaḥ | yato yogī gurūpadiṣṭopāya-niṣṭhaḥ | yatātmā vijitendriya-vargaḥ | dṛḍha-niścayo dṛḍhaḥ kutarkair abhibhavitum aśakyatayā sthiro niścayo hareḥ kiṅkaro 'smīti adhyavasāyo yasya saḥ | ato mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ | evaṃ-bhūto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ prīti-kartā ||13-14||

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BhG 12.15

yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ |
harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||15||

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca yasmād iti | yasmāt sakāśāl loko jano nodvijate bhaya-śaṅkayā saṃkṣobhaṃ na prāpnoti | yaś ca lokān nodvijate | yaś ca svābhāvikair harṣādibhir yuktaḥ | tatra harṣaḥ svasyeṣṭa-lābha utsāhaḥ | amarṣaḥ parasya lābhe 'sahanam | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | udvego bhayādi-nimittaś citta-kṣobhaḥ | etair vimukto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ - punas tasyaiva viśeṣaṇāni yasmād iti | yasmāt sarva-bhūtābhaya-dāyinaḥ saṃnyāsino hetor nodvijate na santapyate loko yaḥ kaścid api janaḥ | tathā lokān niraparādhodvejanaika-vratāt khala-janān nodvijate ca yaḥ | advaita-darśitvāt parama-kāruṇikatvena kṣamā-śīlatvāc ca | kiṃ ca harṣaḥ svasya priya-lābhe romāñcāśru-pātādi-hetur ānandābhivyañjakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | amarṣaḥ parotkarṣāsahana-rūpaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | bhayaṃ vyāghrādi-darśanādhīnaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣas trāsaḥ | udvega ekākī kathaṃ vijane sarva-parigraha-śūnyo jīviṣyāmīty evaṃvidho vyākulatā-rūpaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣas tair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ | advaita-darśitayā tad-ayogyatvena tair eva svayaṃ parityakto na tu teṣāṃ tyāgāya svayaṃ vyāpṛta iti yāvat | tena mad-bhakta ity anukṛṣyate | īdṛśo mad-bhakto yaḥ sa me priya iti pūrvavat ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ --- kiṃ ca yasyāsti bhaktir bhagavaty akiṃcanā sarvair guṇais tatra samāsate surāḥ [BhP 5.18.12] ity-ādy-ukter mat-prīti-janakā anye 'pi guṇā mad-bhaktyā muhur abhyastayā svata evotpadyante, tān api tvaṃ śṛṇv ity āha | yasmād iti pañcabhiḥ | harṣādibhIḥ prākṛtair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukta ity ādinoktān api kāṃścid guṇān durlabhatva-jñāpanārthaṃ punar āha yo na hṛṣyatīti ||15||

baladevaḥ - yasmāl lokaḥ ko 'pi jano nodvijate bhaya-śaṅkayā kṣobhaṃ na labhate | yaḥ kāruṇikatvāj janodvejakaṃ karma na karoti | lokāc ca yo nodvijate sarvāvirodhitva-viniścayād yad-udvejakaṃ karma loko na karoti | yaś ca harṣādibhiḥ kartṛbhir mukto, na tu teṣāṃ mocane svayaṃ vyāpārī | atigambhīrātma-rati-nimagnatvāt tat-sparśenāpi rahita ity arthaḥ | tatra sva-bhogyāgamotsāho harṣaḥ, para-bhogyāgamāsahanam amarṣaḥ | duṣṭa-sattva-darśanādhīno vitrāsaḥ bhayam | kathaṃ nirudyamasya mama jīvanam iti vikṣobhas tūdvegaḥ | etāś catasraś citta-vṛttayaḥ ||15||

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BhG 12.16

anapekṣaḥ śucir dakṣa udāsīno gata-vyathaḥ |
sarvārambha-parityāgī yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||16||

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca anapekṣa iti | anapekṣo yadṛcchayopasthite 'py arthe nispṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyābhyantara-śauca-sampannaḥ | dakṣo 'nalasaḥ | udāsīnaḥ pakṣapāta-rahitaḥ | gata-vyatha ādhi-śūnyaḥ | sarvān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthān ārambhānudyamān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ-bhūtaḥ san yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca anapekṣa iti | nirapekṣaḥ sarveṣu bhogopakaraṇeṣu yadṛcchopanīteṣv api niḥspṛhaḥ | śuci-bāhyābhyantara-śauca-sampannaḥ | dakṣa upasthiteṣu jñātavyeṣu kartavyeṣu ca sadya eva jñātuṃ kartuṃ ca samarthaḥ | udāsīno na kasyacin mitrādeḥ pakṣaṃ bhajate yaḥ | gata-vyathaḥ parais tāḍyamānasyāpi gatā notpannā vyathā pīḍā yasya saḥ | utpannāyām api vyathāyām apakarṛṣv anapakartṛtvaṃ kṣamitvam | vyathā-kāraṇeṣu satsv apy anutpanna-vyathatvaṃ gata-gata-vyathatvam iti bhedaḥ | aihikāmuṣmika-phalāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvārambhās tān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa sarvārambha-parityāgī sannyāsī yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ --- anapekṣo vyavahārika-kāryāpekṣā-rahita udāsīno vyavahārika-lokeṣv anāsaktaḥ | sarvān vyavahārikān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāṃs tathā pāramārthikān api kāṃścit śāstrādhyāpanādīn ārambhān udyamān parihartuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||16||

baladevaḥ - anapekṣaḥ svayam āgate 'pi bhogye nispṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyābhyantara-pāvitryavān | dakṣaḥ sva-śāstrārtha-vimarśa-samarthaḥ | udāsīnaṃu para-pakṣāgrāhī | gata-vyatho 'pakṛto 'py ādhi-śūnyaḥ | sarvārambha-parityāgī sva-bhakti-pratīpākhilodyama-rahitaḥ ||16||

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BhG 12.17

yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati |
śubhāśubha-parityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||17||

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca ya iti | priyaṃ prāpya yo na hṛṣyati | apriyaṃ prāpya yo na dveṣṭi | iṣṭārtha-nāśe sati yo na śocati | aprāptam arthaṃ yo na kāṅkṣati | śubhāśubhe puṇya-pāpe parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ-bhūto bhūtvā yo mad-bhaktimān sa me priyaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca ya iti | sama-duḥkha-sukha ity etad vivṛṇoti | yo na hṛṣyatīṣṭa-prāptau, na dveṣṭi aniṣṭa-prāptau na śocati prāpteṣṭa-viyoge | na kāṅkṣati aprāpteṣṭa-yoge | sarvārambha-parityāgīty etad vivṛṇoti śubhāśubhe sukha-sādhana-duḥkha-sādhane karmaṇī parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti śubhāśubha-parityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ --- Nothing.

baladevaḥ - yaḥ priyaṃ putra-śiṣyādi prāpya na hṛṣyati | apriyaṃ tat prāpya tatra na dveṣṭi | priye tasmin vinaṣṭe na śocati | aprāptam tan nākāṅkṣati | śubhaṃ puṇyam aśubhaṃ pāpaṃ tad-ubhayaṃ pratibandhakatva-sāmyāt parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||17||

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BhG 12.18-19

samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ |
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅga-vivarjitaḥ ||18||
tulya-nindā-stutir maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit |
aniketaḥ sthira-matir bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ||19||

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca sama iti | śatrau ca mitre ca sama eka-rūpaḥ | mānāpamānayor api tathā sama eva | harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya ity arthaḥ | śītoṣṇayoḥ sukha-duḥkhayoś ca samaḥ | saṅga-vivarjitaḥ kvacid apy anāsaktaḥ ||18||

kiṃ ca tulya-nindā-stutir iti | tulyā nindā-stutiś ca yasya saḥ | maunī saṃyata-vāk | yena kenacit yathā-labdhena saṃtuṣṭaḥ | aniketo niyatāvāsa-śūnyaḥ | sthira-matir vyavasthita-cittaḥ | evaṃ-bhūto bhaktimān yaḥ sa naro mama priyaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca sama iti | pūrvasyaiva prapañcaḥ | saṅga-vivarjitaś cetanācetana-sarva-viṣaya-śobhanādhyāsa-rahitaḥ | sarvadā harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya ity arthaḥ | spaṣṭam ||18||

kiṃ ca tulya-nindā-stutir iti | nindā doṣa-kathanam | stutir guṇa-kathanam | te duḥkha-sukhājanakatayā tulye yasya sa tathā | maunī saṃyata-vāk | nanu śarīra-yātrā-nirvāhāya vāg-vyāpāro 'pekṣita eva nety āha saṃtuṣṭo nivṛtta-spṛhaḥ | kiṃ ca -- aniketo niyata-nivāsa-rahitaḥ | sthirā paramārtha-vastu-viṣayā matir yasya sa sthira-matiḥ | īdṛśo yo bhaktimān sa me priyo naraḥ | atra punaḥ punar bhakter upādānaṃ bhaktir evāpavargasya puṣkalaṃ kāraṇam iti draḍhayitum ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ --- aniketaḥ prākṛta-svāspadāsakti-śūnyaḥ ||18-19||

baladevaḥ - samaḥ śatrau ceti sphuṭārthaḥ | saṅga-varjitaḥ kusaṅga-śūnyaḥ | tulyeti nindayā duḥkhaṃ stutyā sukhaṃ ca yo na vindati | maunī yata-vāk sveṣṭa-manana-śīlo vā | yena kenacid adṛṣṭākṛṣṭena rukṣeṇa snigdhena vānnādinā santuṣṭaḥ | aniketo niyata-nivāsa-rahito niketa-moha-śūnyo vā | sthira-matir niścita-jñānaḥ | eṣv adveṣṭety ādiṣu saptasu yeṣu guṇānāṃ punar apy abhidhānaṃ tat teṣām atidaurlabhya-jñāpanārtham ity adoṣaḥ | san-niṣṭhādīnāṃ tri-vidhānāṃ bhaktānāṃ sambhūya sthitā ete 'dveṣṭṛtvādayo dharmā yathā-sambhava-tāratamyenaiva sudhībhiḥ saṅgamanīyāḥ ||18-19||

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BhG 12.20

ye tu dharmyāmṛtam idaṃ yathoktaṃ paryupāsate |
śraddadhānā mat-paramā bhaktās te 'tīva me priyāḥ ||20||

śrīdharaḥ : uktaṃ dharma-jātaṃ sapahalam upasaṃharati ye tv iti | yathoktam ukta-prakāram | dharma evāmṛtam | amṛtatva-sādhanatvāt | dharmyāmṛtam iti kecit paṭhanti | ye tad upāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti śraddhāṃ kurvantaḥ | mat-parāś ca santaḥ | mad-bhaktās te 'tīva me priyā iti ||20||

duḥkham avyakta-vartmaiva tad-bahu-vighnam ato budhaḥ |
sukhaṃ kṛṣṇa-padāmbhojaṃ bhakti-sat-pathavān bhajet ||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : adveṣṭety ādinākṣaropāsakādīnāṃ jīvanmuktānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ lakṣaṇa-bhūtaṃ svabhāva-siddhaṃ dharma-jāta-muktam | yathoktaṃ vārtike -

utpannātmāvabodhasya hy adveṣṭṛtvādayo guṇāḥ |
ayatnato bhavanty eva na tu sādhana-rūpiṇaḥ || iti |

etad eva ca purā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇa-rūpeṇābhihitam | tad idaṃ dharma-jātaṃ prayatnena sampādyamānaṃ mumukṣor mokṣa-sādhanaṃ bhavatīti pratipādayann upasaṃharati ye tv iti | ye tu saṃnyāsino mumukṣavo dharmāmṛtaṃ dharma-rūpam amṛta-sādhanatvād amṛtavad āsvādyatvād vedaṃ yathoktam adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādinā pratipāditaṃ paryupāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti prayatnena śraddadhānāḥ santo mat-paramā ahaṃ bhagavān akṣarātmā vāsudeva eva paramaḥ prāptavyo niratiśayā gatir yeṣāṃ te mat-paramā bhaktā māṃ nirupādhikaṃ brahma bhajamānās te 'tīva me priyāḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'tyartham ahaṃ sa ca mama priyaḥ iti pūrva-sūcitasyāyam upasaṃhāraḥ |

yasmād dharmāmṛtam idaṃ śraddhayānutiṣṭhan bhagavato viṣṇoḥ parameśvarasyātīva priyo bhavati tasmād idaṃ jñānavataḥ svabhāva-siddhatayā lakṣaṇam api mumukṣuṇātma-tattva-jijñāsunātma-jñānopāyatvena yatnād anuṣṭheyaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ jigamiṣuṇeti vākyārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sopādhika-brahmābhidhyāna-paripākān nirupādhikaṃ brahmānusandadhānasyādveṣṭṛtvādi-dharma-viśiṣṭasya mukhyasyādhikāriṇaḥ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanāny āvartayato vedānta-vākyārtha-tattva-sākṣātkāra-sambhavāt tato mukty-upapater mukti-hetu-vedānta-mahāvākyārthānvaya-yogyas tat-padārtho 'nusandheya iti madhyamena ṣaṭkena siddham ||20||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-
śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktavān bahuvidha-svabhakta-niṣṭhān dharmān upasaṃharan kārtsnyenaital-lipsūnāṃ tac-chravaṇa-vicāraṇādi-phalam āha ye tv iti | ete bhakty-uttha-śānty-uttha-dharmā na prākṛtā guṇāḥ bhaktyā tuṣyati kṛṣṇo na guṇaiḥ ity ukta-koṭitaḥ | tu bhinnopakrame ukta-lakṣaṇā bhaktā ekaika-susvabhāva-niṣṭhāḥ | ete tu tat-tat-sarva-sal-lakṣaṇepsavaḥ sādhakā api tebhyaḥ siddhebhyo 'pi śreṣṭhāḥ | ataevāteti padam ||20||

sarva-śreṣṭhā sukha-mayī sarva-sādhya-susādhikā |
bhaktir evādbhuta-guṇety adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||
nimba-drākṣe iva jñāna-bhaktī yadyapi darśite |
ādīyete tad apy ete tat-tad-āsvāda-lobhibhiḥ ||

iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsu dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||12||

baladevaḥ : ukta-bhakti-yogam upasaṃharan tasmin niṣṭhā-phalam āha ye tv iti | ye bhaktā yathoktaṃ mayy āveśya mano ye mām ity ādibhir yathā-gatam idaṃ dharmāmṛtaṃ paryupāsate | prāpyaṃ mām iva prāpakaṃ tat samāśrayanti | śraddadhānā bhakti-śraddhā-lavo mat-paramā man-niratās te mamātīva priyā bhavanti ||20||

vaśaḥ svaika-juṣāṃ kṛṣṇaḥ sva-bhakty-eka-juṣāṃ tu saḥ |
prītyaivātivaśaḥ śrīmān iti dvādaśa-nirṇayaḥ ||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||12||