Bhagavadgita 4
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
Unless indicated otherwise, accents have been dropped in order
to facilitate word search.
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BhG 4.1
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
imaṃ vivasvate yogaṃ proktavān aham avyayam |
vivasvān manave prāha manur ikṣvākave 'bravīt ||1||
śrīdharaḥ :
āvirbhāva-tirobhāvāv āviṣkartuṃ svayaṃ hariḥ |
tattvaṃ pada-vivekārthaṃ karma-yogaṃ praśaṃsati ||
evaṃ tāvad adhyāya-dvayena karma-yogopāyaka-jñāna-yogo mokṣa-sādhanatvenoktaḥ | tad evaṃ brahmārpaṇādi-guṇa-vidhānena tattvaṃ padārtha-vivekādinā ca prapañciṣyan prathamaṃ tāvat parasparāprāptatvena stuvan bhagavān uvāca imam iti tribhiḥ | avyaya-phalatvād avyayam | imaṃ yogaṃ purāham vivasvata ādityāya kathitavān | sa ca sva-putrāya manave śrāddha-devāya | sa ca manuḥ sva-putrāyekṣvākave 'bravīt ||1||
madhusūdanaḥ : yadyapi pūrvam upeyatvena jñāna-yogas tad-upāyatvena ca karma-yoga iti dvau yogau kathitau tathāpi ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca paśyati sa paśyati [Gītā 5.6] ity anayā diśā sādhya-sādhanayoḥ phalaikyād aikyam upacarya sādhana-bhūtaṃ karma-yogaṃ sādhya-bhūtaṃ ca jñāna-yogam aneka-vidha-guṇa-vidhānāya stauti vaṃśa-kathanena bhagavān |
imam adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ yogaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ karma-niṣṭhopāya-labhyaṃ vivasvate sarva-kṣatriya-vaṃśa-bīja-bhūtāyādityāya proktavān prakarṣeṇa sarva-sandehocchedādi-rūpeṇoktavān ahaṃ bhagavān vāsudevaḥ sarva-jagat-paripālakaḥ sargādi-kāle rājñāṃ balādhānena tad-adhīnaṃ sarvaṃ jagat pālayitum | katham anena balādhānam iti viśeṣeṇena darśayati -- avyayam avyaya-veda-mūlatvād avyaya-phalatvāc ca na vyeti sva-phalād ity avyayam avyabhicāri-phalam | tathā caitādṛśena balādhānaṃ śakyam iti bhāvaḥ |
sa ca mama śiṣyo vivasvān manave vaivasvatāya sva-putrāya prāha | sa ca manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyādi-rājāyābravīt | yadyapi prati manvantaraṃ svāyambhuvādi-sādhāraṇo 'yaṃ bhāgavad-updeśas tathāpi sāmpratika-vaivasvata-manvantarābhi-prāyeṇādityam ārabhya sampradāyo gaṇitaḥ ||1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
turye svāvirbhāva-hetor nityatvaṃ janma-karmaṇoḥ |
svasyoktiṃ brahma-yajñādi-jñānotkarṣa-prapañcam ||
adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ niṣkāma-karma-sādhyaṃ jñāna-yogaṃ stauti imam iti ||1||
baladevaḥ :
turye svābhivyakti-hetuṃ sva-līlā-
nityatvaṃ sat-karmasu jñāna-yogam |
jñānasyāpi prāy yan-māhātmyam uccaiḥ
prākhyad devo devakīnandano 'sau ||
pūrvādhyāyābhyām uktaṃ jñāna-yogaṃ karma-yogaṃ caika-phalatvād ekīkṛtya tad-vaṃśaṃ kīrtayan stauti imam iti | imaṃ tvāṃ sūryāyāhaṃ proktavān | avyayaṃ nityaṃ vedārtahtvān naveyeti sva-phalādityavyabhicāri-phalatvāc ca | sa ca mac-chiṣyo vivasvān sva-putrāya manave vaivasvatāya prāha | sa ca manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyābravīt ||1||
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BhG 4.2
evaṃ paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo viduḥ |
sa kāleneha mahatā yogo naṣṭaḥ parantapa ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : evam iti | evaṃ rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ceti | anye 'pi rājarṣayo nimi-pramukhāḥ | sva-pitrādibhir ikṣvāku-pramukhaiḥ protkam imaṃ yogam vidur jānanti sma | adyatanānām ajñāne kāraṇam āha he parantapa śatru-pātana ! sa yogaḥ kāla-vaśād iha loke naṣṭo vicchinnaḥ ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam ādityam ārabhya guru-śiṣya-paramparayā prāptam imaṃ yogaṃ rājānaś ca ta ṛṣayaś ceti rājarṣayaḥ prabhutve sati sūkṣmārtha-nirīkṣaṇa-kṣamā nimi-pramukhāḥ sva-pitrādi-proktaṃ viduḥ | tasmād anādi-veda-mūlatvenānanta-phalatvenānādi-guru-śiṣya-paramparā-prāptatvena ca kṛtrimatva-śaṅkānāspadatvān mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ yoga iti śraddhātiśayāya stūyate |
sa evaṃ mahā-prayojano 'pi yogaḥ kālena mahatā dīrgheṇa dharma-hrāsa-kareṇehedānīm āvayor vyavahāra-kāle dvāparānte durbalān ajitendriyān anadhikāriṇaḥ prāpya kāma-krodhādibhir abhibhūyamāno naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyo jātaḥ | taṃ vinā puruṣārthāprāpter aho daurbhāgyaṃ lokasyeti śocati bhagavān | he parantapa ! paraṃ kāma-krodhādi-rūpaṃ śatru-gaṇaṃ śauryeṇa balavatā vivekena tapasā ca bhānur iva tāpayatīti parantapaḥ śatru-tāpano jitendriya ity arthaḥ | urvaśy-upekṣaṇādy-adbhuta-karma-darśanāt | tasmāt tvaṃ jitendriyatvād atrādhikārīti sūcayati ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : evaṃ vivasvantam ārabhya guru-śiṣya-paramparayā prāptam iimaṃ yogaṃ rājarṣayaḥ sva-pitrādibhir ikṣvāku-prabhṛtibhir upadiṣṭaṃ viduḥ | iha loke naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyaḥ ||2||
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BhG 4.3
sa evāyaṃ mayā te 'dya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ |
bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti rahasyaṃ hy etad uttamam ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : sa evāyam iti | sa evāyaṃ yogo 'dya vicchinne sampradāye sati punaś ca te tubhyam uktaḥ | yatas tvaṃ mama bhakto 'si sakhā ca | anyasmai mayā nocyate | hi yasmād etad uttamaṃ rahasyam ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : ya evaṃ pūrvam upadiṣṭo 'py adhikārya-bhāvād vicchinna-sampradāyo 'bhūt | yaṃ vinā ca puruṣārtho na labhyate | sa evāyaṃ purātano 'nādi-guru-paramparā-gato yogo 'dya sampradāya-viccheda-kāle mayātisnigdhena te tubhyaṃ prakarṣeṇoktaḥ | na tv anyasmai kasmaicit | kasmāt ? bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti | iti-śabdo hetau | yasmāt tvaṃ mama bhaktaḥ śaraṇāgatatve saty atyanta-prītimān sakhā ca samāna-vayāḥ snigdha-sahāyo 'si sarvadā bhavasi atas tubhyam ukta ity arthaḥ anyasmai kuto nocyate tatrāha | hi yasmād etaj jñānam uttamaṃ rahasyam atigopyam ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : tvāṃ praty evāsya proktatve hetuḥ : bhakto dāsaḥ sakhā ceti bhāva-dvayam | anyas tu arvācīnaṃ praty eva avaktavyatve hetū rahasyam iti ||3||
baladevaḥ : sa eva tadānupūrvika-vacana-vācyo yogo mayā tvat-sakhenātisnigdhena te tubhyaṃ mat-sakhāyeti snigdhāya proktas tvaṃ me bhaktaḥ prapannaḥ sakhā cāsīti hetor na tv anyasmai kasmaicit | tatra hetuḥ rahasyam iti | hi yasmād uttamaṃ rahasyam iti gopyam etat ||3||
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BhG 4.4
arjuna uvāca
aparaṃ bhavato janma paraṃ janma vivasvataḥ |
katham etad vijānīyāṃ tvam ādau proktavān iti ||4||
śrīdharaḥ : bhagavato vivasvantaṃ prati yogopadeśāsambhavaṃ paśyann arjuna uvāca aparam iti | aparam arvācīnaṃ tava janma | paraṃ prāk kālīnaṃ vivasvato janma | tasmāt tavādhunātanatvāt cirantanāya vivasvate tvam ādau yogaṃ proktavān iti etat katham ahaṃ jānīyāṃ jñātuṃ śaknuyām ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : yā bhagavati vāsudeve manuṣyatvenāsarvajñatvānityatvāśaṅkā mūrkhāṇāṃ tām apanetum anuvadann arjuna āśaṅkate - aparam iti | aparam alpa-kālīnam idānantanaṃ vasudeva-gṛhe bhavato janma śarīra-grahaṇaṃ vihīnaṃ ca manuṣyatvāt | paraṃ bahu-kālīnaṃ sargādi-bhavam utkṛṣṭaṃ ca devatvāt, vivasvato janma | atrātmano janmābhāvasya prāg-vyutpāditatvād dehābhiprāyeṇaivārjunasya praśnaḥ | ataḥ katham etad vijānīyām aviruddhārthatayā | etac chabdārtham eva vivṛṇoti | tvam ādau yogaṃ proktavān iti | tvam idānīṃtano manuṣyo 'sarvajñaḥ sargādau pūrvatanāya sarvajñāyādityāya proktavān iti viruddhārtham etad iti bhāvaḥ |
atrāyaṃ nirgalito 'rthaḥ | etad dehānavacchinnasya tava dehāntarāvacchedena vādityaṃ pratyupadeṣṭṛtvam etad-dehena vā | nādyaḥ | janmāntarānubhūtasyāsarvajñena smartum aśakyatvāt | anyathā mamāpi janmāntarānubhūta-smaraṇa-prasaṅgaḥ | tava mama ca manuṣyatvenāsarvajñatvāviśeṣāt | tad uktam abhiyuktaiḥ janmāntarānubhūtaṃ ca na smaryate iti | nāpi dvitīyaḥ sargādāv idānīṃtanasya dehasyāsad-bhāvāt | tad evaṃ dehāntareṇa sargādau sad-bhāvānupappattir ity asarvajñatvānityatvābhyāṃ dvāv arjunasya pūrva-pakṣau ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam artham asambhavaṃ pṛcchati aparam idānīntanam | paraṃ purātanam ataḥ katham etat pratyemīti bhāvaḥ ||4||
baladevaḥ : kṛṣṇasya sanātanatve sārvajñe ca śaṅkamānān anabhijñān nirākartum arjuna uvāca aparam iti | aparam arvācīnaṃ paraṃ parācīnaṃ tasmād ādhunikas tvaṃ prācīnāya vivasvate yogam uktavān ity etat katham ahaṃ vijānīyāṃ pratīyām | ayam arthaḥ : na khalu sarveśvaratvena kṛṣṇam arjuno na vetti tasya narākhya-tad-avatāratvena tādrūpyāt, paraṃ dhāma paraṃ dhāma ity ādi tad-ukteś ca | na tv atat-sarvajña-viṣayām ajña-śaṅkām apākartum aparam ity ādi pṛcchati | sarveśvaraḥ sa yathā sva-tattvaṃ vetti na tathānyaḥ | tatas tan-mukhāmbujād eva tad-rūpa-taj-janmādi parkāśanīyaṃ loka-maṅgalāya | tad-arthaṃ sva-mahimānaṃ pravadan vikatthanatayā sa nākṣepyaḥ, kintu stavanīya eva kṛpālutayā | tac ca manuṣākṛti-para-brahmaṇas tava rūpaṃ janmādi ca loka-vilakṣaṇaṃ
kiṃ-vidhaṃ kim-arthakaṃ kiṃ-kālam iti vijñasyāpy ājñavat praśno 'yam ajña-śaṅkā-nirāsaka-prativacanārthaḥ ||4||
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BhG 4.5
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna |
tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa ||5||
śrīdharaḥ : rūpāntareṇopadiṣṭavān ity abhiprāyeṇottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca bahūnīti | tāny ahaṃ veda vedmi | alupta-vidyā-śaktitvāt | tvaṃ tu na vettha na vetsi avidyāvṛttatvāt ||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatra sarvajñatvena prathamasya parihāram āha bahūnīti | janmāni līlā-deha-grahaṇāni loka-dṛṣṭy-abhiprāyeṇādityasyodayavan me mama bahūni vyatītāni tava cājñāninaḥ karmārjitāni deha-grahaṇāni | tava cety upalakṣaṇam itareṣām api jīvānāṃ, jīvaikyābhiprāyeṇa vā | he 'rjuna ! ślokenārjuna-vṛkṣa-nāmnā sambodhayann āvṛta-jñānatvaṃ sūcayati | tāni janmāny ahaṃ sarvajñaḥ sarva-śaktir īśvaro veda jānāmi sarvāṇi madīyāni tvadīyāny anyadīyāni ca | na tvam ajño jīvas tirobhūta-jñāna-śaktir vettha na jānāsi svīyāny api kiṃ punaḥ parakīyāṇi | he parantapa ! paraṃ śatruṃ bheda-dṛṣṭyā parikalpya hantuṃ pravṛtto 'sīti viparīta-darśitatvād bhrānto 'sīti sūcayati | tad anena sambodhana-dvayenāvaraṇa-vikṣepau dvāv apy ajñāna-dharmau darśitau
||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : avatārāntareṇopadiṣṭavān ity abhiprāyeṇāha bahūnīti | tava ceti yadā yadaiva mamāvatāras tadā mat-pārṣadatvāt tavāpy āvirbhāvo 'bhūd evety arthaḥ | veda vedmi sarveśvaratvena sarvajñatvāt | tvaṃ na vettha mayaiva sva-līlā-siddhy-arthaṃ tvaj-jñānāvaraṇād iti bhāvaḥ | ataeva he parantapa ! sāmpratika-kuntī-putratvābhimāna-mātreṇaiva parān śatrūṃs tāpayasi ||5||
baladevaḥ : eka evāhaṃ eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti ity ādi śruty-uktāni nitya-siddhāni bahūni rūpāṇi vaidūryavad ātmani dadhānaḥ purā rūpāntareṇa taṃ pratyupadiṣṭavān iti bhāvenāha bhagavān bahūnīti | tava ceti mat-sakhatvāt tāvanti janmāni tavāpy abhūvann ity arthaḥ | na tvaṃ vettheti | idānīṃ mayaivācintya-śaktyā sva-līlā-siddhaye tvaj-jñānācchādanād iti bhāvaḥ | etena sārvajñyaṃ svasya darśitam | atra bhagavaj-janmanāṃ vāstavatvaṃ bodhyam | bahūnītyādi śrī-mukhoktes tava ceti dṛṣṭāntāc ca | na ca janmākhyo vikāras tasyāgrima-vyākhyayā pratyākhyānāt ||5||
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BhG 4.6
ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san |
prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmy ātma-māyayā ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu anādes tava kuto janma ? avināśinaś ca kathaṃ punar janma yena bahūni me vyatītānity ucyate | īśvarasya tava puṇya-pāpa-vihīnasya kathaṃ jīvavaj janmeti ? ata āha ajo 'pīti | satyam evam | tathāpi ajo 'pi janma-śūnyo 'pi sann aham | tathāvyayātmāpy anaśvara-svabhāvo 'pi san | tathā - īśvaro 'pi karma-pāratantrya-rahito 'pi san | sva-māyayā sambhavāmi samyag apracyuta-jñāna-bala-vīryādi-śaktyaiva bhavāmi |
nanu tathāpi ṣoḍaśa-kalātamka-liṅga-deha-śūnyasya ca tava kuto janmeti ? ata uktaṃ svāṃ śuddha-sattvātmikāṃ prakṛtiṃ adhiṣṭhāya svīkṛtya | viśuddhorjita-sattva-mūrtyā svecchayāvatarāmīty arthaḥ ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv atītāneka-janma-vattvam ātmanaḥ smarasi cet tarhi jāti-smaro jīvas tvaṃ para-janma-jñānam api yoginaḥ sārvātmyābhimānena śāstra-dṛṣṭyā tūpadeśo vāma-devavat [Vs 1.1.30] iti nyāyena sambhavati | tathā cāha vāmadevo jīvo 'pi ahaṃ manur abhavaṃ sūryaś cāhaṃ kakṣīvānṛpir asmi vipraḥity ādi dāśatayyām | ataeva na mukhyaḥ sarvajñas tvam | tathā ca katham ādityaṃ sarvajñam upadiṣṭavān asy anīśvaraḥ san | na hi jīvasya mukhyaṃ sārvajñyaṃ sambhavati vyaṣṭy-upādheḥ paricchinnatvena sarva-sambandhitvābhāvāt | samaṣṭy-upādher api virājaḥ sthūla-bhūtopādhitvena sūkṣma-bhūta-pariṇāma-viṣayaṃ māyā-pariṇāma-viṣayaṃ ca jñānaṃ na sambhavati | evaṃ sūkṣma-bhūtopādher api hiraṇyagarbhasya
tat-kāraṇa-māyā-pariṇāmākāśādi-sarga-kramādi-viṣaya-jñānābhāvaḥ siddha eva | tasmād īśvara eva kāraṇopāditvād atītān āgata-vartamāna-sarvārtha-viṣaya-jñānavān mukhyaḥ sarvajñaḥ | atītān āgata-vartamāna-viṣayaṃ māyā-vṛtti-trayam ekaiva vā sarva-viṣayā māyā-vṛttir ity anyat | tasya ca nityeśvarasya sarvajñasya dharmādharmādy-abhāvena janmaivānupapannam atītāneka-janmavattvaṃ tu dūrotsāritam eva | tathā ca jīvatve sārvajñyānupapattir īśvaratve ca deha-grahaṇānupapattir iti śaṅkā-dvayaṃ pariharann anityatva-pakṣasyāpi parihāram āha ajo 'pīti |
apūrva-dehendriyādi-grahaṇaṃ janma | pūrva-ghīta-dehendriyādi-viyogo vyayaḥ | yad ubhayaṃ tārkikaiḥ prety abhāva ity ucyate | tad uktaṃ jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca [Gītā 2.27] iti | tad ubhayaṃ ca dharmādharma-vaśād bhavati | dharmādharma-vaśatvaṃ cājñasya jīvasaya dehābhimāninaḥ karmādhikāritvād bhavati | tatra yad ucyate sarvajñasyeśvarasya sarva-kāraṇasyedṛg-deha-grahaṇaṃ nopapadyata iti tat tathaiva | katham ? yadi tasya śarīraṃ sthūla-bhūta-kāryaṃ syāt tadā vyaṣṭi-rūpatve jāgrad-avasthāsmad-ādi-tulyatvam | samaṣṭi-rūpatve ca virāḍ-jīvatvaṃ tasya tad-upādhitvāt | atha sūkṣma-bhūta-kāryaṃ tadā vyaṣṭi-rūpatve svapnāvasthāsmad-ādi-tulyatvam | samaṣṭi-rūpatve ca hiraṇya-garbha-jīvatvaṃ tasya tad-upādhitvāt | tathā ca bhautikaṃ śarīraṃ jīvānāviṣṭaṃ
parameśvarasya na sambhavaty eveti siddham | na ca jīvāviṣṭa eva tādṛśe śarīre tasya bhūtāveśavat praveśa iti vācyam | tac-charīrāvacchedena taj-jīvasya bhogābhyupagame 'ntaryāmi-rūpeṇa sarva-śarīra-praveśasya vidyamānatvena śarīra-viśeṣābhyupagama-vaiyarthyāt | bhogābhāve ca jīva-śarīratvānupapatteḥ | ato na bhautikaṃ śarīram īśvarasyeti pūrvārdhenāṅgīkaroti -- ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi sann iti |
ajo 'pi sann ity apūrva-deha-grahaṇam avyayātmāpi sann iti pūrva-deha-vicchedaṃ bhūtānāṃ bhagava-dharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānām īśvaro 'pi sann iti dharmādharma-vaśatvaṃ nivārayati | kathaṃ tarhi deha-grahaṇam ity uttarārdhenāha prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya sambhavāmi | prakṛtiṃ māyākhyāṃ vicitrāneka-śaktim aghaṭamāna-ghaṭanāpaṭīyasīṃ svāṃ svopādi-bhūtām adhiṣṭhāya cid-ābhāsena vaśīkṛtya sambhavāmi tat-pariṇāma-viśeṣair eva jagat-kāraṇatva-sampādikā mad-icchayaiva pravartamānā viśuddha-sattva-mayatvena mama mūrtis tad-viśiṣṭasya cājatvam avyayatvam īśvaratvaṃ copapannam | ato 'nena nityenaiva dehena vivasvantaṃ ca tvāṃ ca pratīmaṃ yogam upadiṣṭavān aham ity upapannam | tathā ca śrutiḥ - ākāśa-śarīraṃ brahma iti | ākāśo
'nnāvyākṛtam | ākāśa eva tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ca [BAU 3.8.7] ity ādau tathā darśanāt | ākāśas tal-liṅgāt [Vs. 1.1.22] iti nyāyāc ca |
tarhi bhautika-vigrahābhāvāt tad-dharma-manuṣyatvādi-pratītiḥ katham iti cet tatrāha ātma-māyayeti | man-māyayaiva mayi manuṣyatvādi-pratītir lokānugrahāya na tu vastu-vṛttyeti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ mokṣa-dharme -
māyā hy eṣā mayā sṛṣṭā yan māṃ paśyasi nārada |
sarva-bhūta-guṇair yuktaṃ na tu māṃ draṣṭum arhasi || [Mbh 12.326.43] iti |
sarva-bhūta-guṇair yuktaṃ kāraṇopādhiṃ māṃ carma-cakṣuṣā draṣṭuṃ nārhasīty arthaḥ | uktaṃ ca bhagavatā bhāṣyakāreṇa - sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sadā sampannas triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtyājo 'vyayo bhūtānām īśvaro nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvo 'pi san sva-māyayā dehavān iva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate sva-prayojanābhāve 'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā iti | vyākhyātṛbhiś coktaṃ svecchā-vinirmitena māyāmayena divyena rūpeṇa sambabhūveti |
nityo yaḥ kāraṇopādhir māyākhyo 'neka-śaktimān |
sa eva bhagavad-deha iti bhāṣya-kṛtāṃ matam ||
anye tu parameśvare deha-dehi-bhāvaṃ na manyante | kiṃ yaś ca nityo vibhuḥ sac-cid-ānanda-ghano bhagavān vāsudevaḥ paripūrṇo nirguṇaḥ paramātmā sa eva tad-vigraho nānyaḥ kaścid bhautiko māyiko veti | asmin pakṣe yojanā - ākāśavat sarva-gataś ca nityaḥ, avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā ity ādi śruteḥ, asaṃbhavas tu sato 'nupaptteḥ [Vs. 2.3.8], nātmāśruter nityatvāc ca tābhyaḥ [Vs. 2.3.16] ity ādi nyāyāc ca vastu-gatyā janma-vināśa-rahitaḥ sarva-bhāsakaḥ sarva-kāraṇa-māyādhiṣṭhānatvena sarva-bhūteśvaro 'pi sann ahaṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaika-rasam |
māyāṃ vyāvartayati svām iti | nija-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | sa bhagavaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ sve mahimni [ChāU 7.24.1] iti śruteḥ | sva-svarūpam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva san sambhavāmi deha-dehi-bhāvam antareṇaiva dehivad vyavaharāmi | kathaṃ tarhy adehe sac-cid-ānanda-ghane dehatva-pratītir ata āha ātma-māyayeti | nirguṇe śuddhe sac-cid-ānanda-ghane mayi bhagavati vāsudeve deha-dehi-bhāva-śūnye tad-rūpeṇa pratītir māyā-mātram ity arthaḥ | tad uktam -
kṛṣṇam enam avehi tvam ātmānam akhilātmanām |
jagad-dhitāya so 'py atra dehīvābhāti māyayā || iti [BhP 10.14.55]
aho bhāgyam aho bhāgyaṃ nanda-gopa-vrajaukasām
yan-mitraṃ paramānandaṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma sanātanam || [BhP 11.14.32] iti ca |
kecit tu nityasya niravayavasya nirvikārasyāpi paramānandasyāvayavāya-vibhāvaṃ vāstavam evecchanti te niryuktikaṃ bruvāṇas tu nāsmābhir vinivāryate iti nyāyena nāpavādyāḥ | yadi sambhavet tathaivāstu kim atipallavitenety uparamyate ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : svasya janma-prakāram āha - ajo 'pi janma-rahito 'pi san sambhavāmi, deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādiṣu āvirbhavāmi | nanu kim atra citram ? jīvo 'pi vastuto 'ja eva sthūla-deha-nāśānantaraṃ jāyata eva ? tatrāha savyayātmānaśvara-śarīraḥ | kiṃ ca, jīvasya sva-deha-bhinna-sva-svarūpeṇājatvam eva, āvidyakena deha-sambandhenaiva tasya janmavattvam, mama tv īśvaratvāt sva-dehābhinnasyājatvaṃ janmavattvam ity ubhayam api svarūpa-siddham | tac ca durghaṭatvāt citram atarkyam eva | ataḥ puṇya-pāpādimato jīvasyeva sad-asad-yoniṣu na me janmāśaṅkety āha - bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san karma-pāratantrya-rahito 'pi bhūtvety arthaḥ |
nanu jīvo hi liṅga-śarīreṇa sva-bandhakena karma-prāpyān devādi-dehān prāpnoti | tvaṃ parameśvaro liṅga-rahitaḥ sarva-vyāpakaḥ karma-kālādi-niyantā | bahu syām iti śruteḥ sarva-jagad-rūpo bhavaty eva | tad api yad viśeṣata evambhūto 'py ahaṃ sambhavāmīti brūṣe, tan manye sarva-jagad-vilakṣaṇān deha-viśeṣān nityān eva loke prakāśayituṃ tvaj-janmety avagamyate | tat khalu katham ity ata āha prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāyeti | atra prakṛti-śabdena yadi bahiraṅgā māyā-śaktir ucyate, tadā tad-adhiṣṭhātā parameśvaras tad-dvārā jagad-rūpo bhavaty eveti na viśeṣopalabdhiḥ | tasmāt saṃsiddhi-prakṛtī tv ime svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaś ca ity abhidhānād atra prakṛti-śabdena svarūpam evocyate | na tat svarūpa-bhūtā māyā-śaktiḥ | svarūpaṃ ca tasya sac-cid-ānanda eva | ataveva tvāṃ śuddha-sattvātmikāṃ
prakṛtim iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ svam eva svabhāvam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpeṇa svecchayā sambhavāmīty arthaḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaika-rasam | māyāṃ vyāvartayati svām iti nija-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | sa bhagavaṃ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ sva-mahimni iti śruteḥ | sva-svarūpam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva sambhavāmi deha-dehi-bhāvam antareṇaiva dehivad vyavaharāmi iti śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ |
nanu yady avyayātmā anaśvara-matsya-kūrmādi-svarūpa eva bhavasi, tarhi tava prādurbhavat-svarūpaṃ pūrva-prādurbhūta-svarūpāṇi ca yugapad eva kiṃ nopalabhyanta ? tatrāha ātma-bhūtā yā māyā tayā sva-svarūpāvaraṇa-prakāśana-karma ca yayā cic-chakti-vṛttyāyoga-māyayety arthaḥ | tayā hi pūrva-kālāvatīrṇa-svarūpāṇi pūrvam evāvṛtya vartamāna-svarūpaṃ prakāśya sambhavāmi | ātma-māyayā samyag apracyuta-jñāna-bala-vīryādi-śaktyaiva bhavāmi iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | ātma-māyayātma-jñānena māyā vayunaṃ jñānam iti jñāna-paryāyo 'tra māyā-śabdaḥ | tathā cābhiyukta-prayogaḥ māyayā satataṃ vetti prācīnānāṃ śubhāśubham iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve deha-dehi-bhāva-śūnye tad-rūpeṇa pratītiḥ māyā-mātram iti śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ
||6||
baladevaḥ : loka-vilakṣaṇatayā svarūpaṃ sva-janma ca vadan sanātanatvaṃ svasyāha ajo 'pīti | atra svarūpa-svabhāva-paryāyaḥ prakṛti-śabdaḥ | svāṃ prakṛtiṃ svaṃ svarūpaṃ adhiṣṭhāyālambya sambhavāmi āvirbhavāmi | saṃsiddhi-prakṛtī tv ime | svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaś ca ity amaraḥ | svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmīti | etam arthaṃ vicarituṃ viśinaṣṭi ajo 'pīty ādinā | api avadhāraṇe | apūrva-deha-yogo janma | tad-rahita eva san | avyayātmāpi san avyayaḥ pariṇāma-śūnya ātmā buddhyādir yasya tādṛśa eva san | ātmā puṃsi ity ādy ukteḥ | bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san svetareṣāṃ jīvānāṃ niyantaiva san ity arthaḥ | ajatvādi-guṇakaṃ yad vibhu-jñāna-sukha-ghanaṃ rūpaṃ tenaivāvatarāmīti svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmīty asya vivaraṇaṃ tādṛśasya svarūpasya raver ivābhiyakti-mātram
eva janmeti tat-svarūpasya taj-janmanaś ca loka-vilakṣaṇatvaṃ tena sanātanatvaṃ ca vyaktam | karma-tantratvaṃ nirastam | śrutiś caivam āha ajāyamāno bahudhā vijāyate iti | smṛtiś ca pratyakṣaṃ ca harer janma na vikāraḥ kathaṃcana ity ādyā | ataeva sūtikā-gṛhe divyāyudha-bhūṣaṇasya divya-rūpasya ṣaḍ-aiśvarya-sampannasya tasya vīkṣaṇaṃ smaryate | prayojanam āha ātma-māyayeti | bhajaj-jīvānukampayā hetunā tad-uddhārāyety arthaḥ | māyā dambhe kṛpāyāṃ ca iti viśvaḥ | ātma-māyayā sva-sārvajñena sva-saṅkalpeneti kecit | māyā vayunaṃ jñānaṃ ca iti nirghaṇṭu-koṣāt | lokaḥ khalu rājādiḥ pūrva-dehādīni vihāyāpūrva-dehādīni bhajan niranusandhir ajño janmībhavati tad-vailakṣaṇyaṃ harer janminaḥ prasphuṭam | bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi sann ity anena labdha-siddhayo yogi-prabhṛtayo
'pi vyāvṛttāḥ | sukha-cid-ghano harir deha-dehi-bhedena guṇa-guṇi-bhedena ca śūnyo 'pi viśeṣa-balāt tat-tad-bhāvena viduṣāṃ pratītir āsīd iti ||6||
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BhG 4.7
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata |
abhyutthānam adharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy aham ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : kadā sambhavasīty apekṣāyām āha yadā yadeti | glānir hāniḥ | abhyutthānam ādhikyam ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanasya tava kadā kim-arthaṃ vā dehivad vyavahāra iti tatrocyate yadā yadeti | dharmasya veda-vihitasya prāṇinām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-sādhanasya pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇasya varṇāśrama-tad-ācāra-vyaṅgyasya yadā yadā glānir hānir bhavati he bhārata bharata-vaṃśodbhavatvena bhā jñānaṃ tatra ratatvena vā tvaṃ na dharma-hāniṃ soḍhuṃ śaknoṣīti sambodhanārthaḥ | evaṃ yadā yadābhyutthānam udbhavo 'dharmasya veda-niṣiddhasya nānā-vidha-duḥkha-sādhanasya dharma-virodhinas tadā tadātmānaṃ dehaṃ sṛjāmi nitya-siddham eva sṛṣṭam iva darśayāmi māyayā ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : kadā sambhavāmīty apekṣāyām āha yadeti | dharmasya glānir hānir adharmasyābhyutthānaṃ vṛddhis te dve soḍhum aśaknuvan tayor vaiparītyaṃ kartum iti bhāvaḥ | ātmānaṃ dehaṃ sṛjāmi nity siddham eva taṃ sṛṣṭam iva darśayāmi māyayā iti śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ ||7||
baladevaḥ : atha sambhava-kālam āha yadeti | dharmasya vedoktasya glānir vināśaḥ adharmasya tad-viruddhasyābhyutthānam abhuyudayas tadāham ātmānaṃ sṛjāmi prakaṭayāmi | na tu nirmame tasya pūrva-siddhatvād iti nāsti mat-sambhava-kāla-niyamaḥ ||7||
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BhG 4.8
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām |
dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge ||8||
śrīdharaḥ : kim-artham ? ity apekṣāyām āha paritrāṇāyeti | sādhūnāṃ sva-dharma-vartināṃ rakṣaṇāya | duṣṭaṃ karma kurvantīti duṣkṛtaḥ | teṣāṃ vadhāya ca | evaṃ dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya sādhu-rakṣaṇena duṣṭa-vadhena ca dharmaṃ sthirīkartum | yuge yuge tat-tad-avasare sambhavāmīty arthaḥ | na caivaṃ duṣṭa-nigrahaṃ kurvato 'pi nairghṛṇyaṃ śaṅkanīyam | yathāhuḥ - lālane tāḍane mātur nākāruṇyaṃ yathārbhake | tat tad eva maheśasya niyantur guṇa-doṣayoḥ ||8||
madhusūdanaḥ : tat kiṃ dharmasya hānir adharmasya ca vṛddhis tava paritoṣa-kāraṇaṃ yena tasminn eva kāla āvirbhavasīti tathā cānarthāvaha eva tavāvatāraḥ syāt ? iti nety āha paritrāṇāyeti | dharma-hānyā hīyamānānāṃ sādhūnāṃ puṇya-kāriṇāṃ veda-mārga-sthānāṃ paritrāṇāya paritaḥ sarvato rakṣaṇāya | tathādharma-vṛddhyā vardhamānānāṃ duṣkṛtāṃ pāpa-kāriṇāṃ veda-mārga-virodhināṃ vināśāya ca | tad ubhayaṃ kathaṃ syād iti tad āha dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya dharmasya samyag-adharma-nivāraṇena sthāpanaṃ veda-mārga-parirakṣaṇaṃ dharma-saṃsthāpanaṃ tad-arthaṃ sambhavāmi pūrvavat | yuge yuge pratiyugam ||8||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tvad-bhaktā rājarṣayo brahmarṣayo 'pi vā dharma-hāny-adharma-vṛddhī dūrīkartuṃ śaknuvanty eva | etāvad artham eva kiṃ tavāvatāreṇa ? iti cet, satyam | anyad api anya-duṣkaraṃ karma kartuṃ sambhavāmīty āha parīti | sādhūnāṃ paritrāṇāya mad-ekānta-bhaktānāṃ mad-darśanotkaṇṭhā-sphuṭa-cittānāṃ yad vaiyāgrya-rūpaṃ duḥkham | tasmāt trāṇāya | tathā duṣkṛtāṃ mad-bhakta-loka-duḥkha-dāyināṃ mad-anyair avadhyānāṃ rāvaṇa-kaṃsa-keśy-ādīnāṃ vināśāya | tathā dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya madīya-dhyāna-yajana-paricaryā-saṅkīrtana-lakṣaṇaṃ parama-dharmaṃ mad-anyaiḥ pravartayitum aśakyaṃ samyak prakāreṇa sthāpayitum ity arthaḥ | yuge yuge prati-yugaṃ pratikalpaṃ vā | na caivaṃ duṣṭa-nigraha-kṛto bhagavato vaiṣamyam
āśaṅkanīyam | duṣṭānām apy asurāṇāṃ sva-kartṛ-vadhena vividha-duṣkṛta-phalān naraka-saha-praṇipātāt saṃsārāc ca paritrāṇatas tasya sa khalu nigraho 'py anugraha eva nirṇītaḥ ||8||
baladevaḥ : nanu tvad-bhaktā rājarṣayo 'pi dharma-glānim adharmābhyutthānaṃ cāpanetuṃ prabhavanti tāvate 'rthāya kiṃ sambhavāmīty āha parīti | sādhūnāṃ mad-rūpa-guṇa-niratānāṃ mat-sākṣāt-kāram ākāṅkṣyatāṃ tena vinātivyagrāṇāṃ tad-vaiyagrya-rūpād duḥkhāt paritrāṇāyātimanojña-svarūpa-sākṣāt-kāreṇa | tathā duṣkṛtāṃ duṣṭa-karma-kāriṇāṃ mad-anyair avadhyānāṃ daśagrīva-kaṃsādīnāṃ tādṛg-bhakta-drohiṇāṃ vināśāya dharmasya mad-ekārcana-dhyānādi-lakṣaṇasya śuddha-bhakti-yogasya vaidikasyāpi mad-itaraiḥ pracārayitum aśakyasya saṃsthāpanārthāya sampracārāyety etat trayaṃ mat-sambhavasya kāraṇam iti | yuge yuge tat-tat-samayena ca duṣṭa-vadhena harau vaiṣamyaṃ, tena duṣṭānāṃ mokṣānanda-lābhe sati tasyānugraha-rūpatvena
pariṇāmāt ||8||
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BhG 4.9
janma karma ca me divyam evaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ |
tyaktvā dehaṃ punar janma naiti mām eti so 'rjuna ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ-vidhānām īśvara-janma-karmaṇāṃ jñāne phalam āha janmeti | svecchayā kṛtaṃ mama janma karma ca dharma-pālana-rūpaṃ divyam alaukikaṃ tattvataḥ parānugrahārtham eveti yo vetti sa dehābhimānaṃ tyaktvā punar janma saṃsāraṃ naiti na prāpnoti | kintu mām eva prāpnoti ||9||
madhusūdanaḥ : janma nitya-siddhasyaiva mama sac-cid-ānanda-ghanasya līlayā tathānukaraṇam | karma ca dharma-saṃsthāpanena jagat-paripālanaṃ me mama nitya-siddheśvarasya divyam aprākṛtam anyaiḥ kartum aśakyam īśvarasyaivāsādharaṇam | evam ajo 'pi sann ity ādinā pratipāditaṃ yo vetti tattvato bhrama-nivartanena | mūḍhair hi mauṣyatva-bhrāntyā bhagavato 'pi garbha-vāsādi-rūpam eva janma sva-bhogārtham eva karmety āropitam | paramārthataḥ śuddha-sac-cid-ānanda-rūpatva-jñānena tad-apanudyājasyāpi māyayā janmānukaraṇam akartur api parānugrahāya karmānukaraṇam iy evaṃ yo vetti sa ātmano 'pi tattva-sphuraṇāt tyaktvā deham imaṃ punar janma naiti | kintu māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam eva sac-cid-ānanda-ghanam eti saṃsārān mucyata ity arthaḥ ||9||
viśvanāthaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇasya maj-janmanas tathā janmānantaraṃ mat-karmaṇaś ca tattvato jñāna-mātreṇaiva kṛtārthaḥ syād ity āha janmeti | divyam aprākṛtaṃ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca | divyam alaukikaṃ iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | lokānāṃ prakṛti-sṛṣṭatvād alaukika-śabdasya aprākṛtatvam evārthas teṣām apy abhipretaḥ | ataevāprākṛtatvena guṇātītatvād bhagavaj-janma-karmaṇo nityatvam | tac ca bhagavat-sandarbhe na vidyate yasya ca janma karma vā [BhP 8.3.8] ity atra śloke śrī-jīva-gosvāmi-caraṇair upapāditam | yad vā yukty-anupapannam api śruti-smṛti-vākya-balād atarkam evedaṃ mantavyam | tatra pippalāda-śākhāyāṃ puruṣa-bodhinī-śrutiḥ - eko devo nitya-līlānurakto bhakta-vyāpī bhakta-hṛdayāntarātmā iti | tathā janma-karmaṇo
nityatvaṃ śrī-bhāgavatāmṛte bahuśa eva prapañcitam | evaṃ yo vetti tattvata iti ajo 'pi sann avyayatātmā ity asmiṃs tathā janma karma ca me divyam ity asmiṃś ca mad-vākya evāstikatayā maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvam eva yo jānāti, na tu tayor nityatve kāñcid yuktim apy apekṣamāṇo bhavatīty arthaḥ | yad vā tattvataḥ oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas trividhaḥ smṛtaḥ [Gītā 17.18] ity agrimoktes tac-chabdena brahmocyate tasya bhāvas tattvaṃ tena brahma-svarūpatvena yo vettīty arthaḥ | sa vartamānaṃ dehaṃ tyaktvā punar janma naiti kintu mām evaiti | atra dehaṃ tyaktvā ity asyādhikyād evaṃ vyācakṣate sma | sa dehaṃ tyaktvā punar janma naiti kintu deham atyaktvaiva mām eti | madīya-divya-janma-ceṣṭita-yāthātmya-vijñānena vidhvasta-samasta-mat-samāśrayaṇa-virodhi-pāpmāsminn eva janmani yathodita-prakāreṇa mām
āśritya mad-eka-priyo mad-eka-citto mām eva prāpnoti iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ ||9||
baladevaḥ : bahulāyāsaiḥ sādhana-sahasrair api durlabho mokṣo maj-janma-carita-śravaṇena mad-ekānti-pathānuvartināṃ sulabho 'stv ity etad arthaṃ ca sambhavāmīty āśayā bhagavān āha janmeti | mama sarveśvarasya satyecchasya vaidūryavan nitya-siddha-nṛsiṃha-raghunāthādi-bahula-rūpasya tatra tatrokta-lakṣṇaṃ janma tathā karma ca tat-tad-bhakta-sambandhaṃ caritaṃ tad ubhayaṃ divyam aprākṛtaṃ nityaṃ bhavatīty evam evaitad iti yas tattvato vetti yad gataṃ bhavac ca bhaviṣyac ca eko devo nitya-līlānurakto bhakta-vyāpī bhakta-hṛdy antarātmā iti śrutyā divyam iti mad-uktyā ca dṛḍha-śraddho yukti-nirapekṣaḥ san | he arjuna ! sa vartamānaṃ dehaṃ tyaktvā punaḥ prāpañcikaṃ janma naiti | kintu mām eva tat-tat-karma-manojñam eti mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | yad vā mocakatva-liṅgena tat tvam asi iti śruteś ca me janma-karmaṇī
tattvato brahmatvena yo vettīti vyākhyeyam | itarathā tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śrutir vyākupyet | samānam anyat | janmādi-nityatāyāṃ yuktayas tv anyatra vistṛtā draṣṭavyāḥ ||9||
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BhG 4.10
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā man-mayā mām upāśritāḥ |
bahavo jñāna-tapasā pūtā mad-bhāvam āgatāḥ ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ janma-karma-jñānena tvat-prāptiḥ syād iti ? ata āha vīta-rāgeti | ahaṃ śuddha-sattvāvatāraiḥ dharma-pālanaṃ karomīti madīyaṃ parama-kāruṇikatvaṃ jñātvā | mām evopāśritāḥ santaḥ | mat-prasāda-labdhaṃ yadātma-jñānaṃ ca tapaś ca | tat-paripāka-hetuḥ sva-dharmaḥ | tayor dvandvaikavad bhāvaḥ | tena jñāna-tapasā pūtāḥ śuddhā nirastājñāna-tat-kārya-malāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mat-sāyujyaṃ prāptā bahavaḥ | na tv adhunaiva pravṛtto 'yaṃ mad-bhakti-mārga ity arthaḥ | tad evaṃ tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇīty ādinā vidyāvidyopādhibhyāṃ tat-tvaṃ-padārthāv īśvara-jīvau pradarśyeśvarasya cāvidyābhāvena nitya-śuddhatvāj jīvasya ceśvara-prasāda-labdha-jñānenājñāna-nivṛtteḥ śuddhasya sataś cid-aṃśena tadaikyam uktam iti draṣṭavyam ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : mām eti so 'rjunety uktaṃ tatra svasya sarva-mukta-prāpyatayā puruṣārthatvam asya mokṣa-mārgasyānādi-parasparāgatatvaṃ ca darśayati vīta-rāgeti | rāgas tat-tat-phala-tṛṣṇā | sarvān viṣayān parityajya jñāna-mārge kathaṃ jīvitavyam iti trāso bhayam | sarva-viṣayocchedako 'yaṃ jñāna-mārgaḥ kathaṃ hitaḥ syād iti dveṣaḥ krodhaḥ | ta ete rāga-bhaya-krodhā vītā vivekena vigatā yebhyas te vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ śuddha-sattvāḥ | man-mayā māṃ paramātmānaṃ tat-padārthatvaṃ gatāḥ | bahavo 'neke jñāna-tapasā jñānam eva tapaḥ sarva-karma-kṣaya-hetutvāt | na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate iti hi vakṣyati | tena pūtāḥ kṣīṇa-sarva-pāpāḥ santo nirastājñāna-tat-kārya-malāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatvaṃ viśuddha-sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaṃ mokṣam
āgatā ajñāna-mātrāpanayena mokṣaṃ prāptāḥ |
jñāna-tapasā pūtā jīvan-muktāḥ santo mad-bhāvaṃ mad-viṣayaṃ bhāvaṃ raty-ākhyaṃ premāṇam āgatā iti vā | teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yuktā eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate iti hi vakṣyati ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : na kevalam eka evādhunika eva, maj-janma-karma-tattva-jñāna-mātreṇaiva māṃ prāpnoty api tu prāktanā api pūrva-pūrva-kalpāvatīrṇasya mama janma-karma-tattva-jñānavanto mām āpur evety āha vīteti | jñānam ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ maj-janma-karmaṇos tattvato 'nubhava-rūpam eva tapas tena pūtāḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ |
yad vā, jñāne maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatva-niścayānubhave yan-nānā-kumata-kutarka-yukti-sarpī-viṣa-dāha-sahana-rūpaṃ tapas tena pūtāḥ | tathā ca śrī-rāmānuja-dhṛta-śrutiḥ - tasya dhīrāḥ parijānanti yoniṃ iti dhīrā dhīmanta eva tasya yoniṃ janma-prakāraṃ jānantīty arthaḥ | vītās tyaktāḥ kumata-prajalpiteṣu janeṣu rāgādyā yais te na teṣu rāgaḥ prītir nāpi tebhyo bhayaṃ nāpi teṣu krodho mad-bhaktānām ity arthaḥ | kuto man-mayā maj-janma-karmānudhyāna-manana-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-pracurāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mayi premāṇam ||10||
baladevaḥ : idānīm iva purāpi maj-janmādi-nityatā-jñānena bahūnāṃ vimuktir abhūd iti tan-nityatāṃ draḍhayitum āha vīteti | bahavo janā jñāna-tapasā pūtāḥ santaḥ purā mad-bhāvam āgatā ity anuṣaṅgaḥ | maj-janmādi-nityatva-viṣayakaṃ yaj jñānaṃ tad eva duradhigama-śruti-yukti-sampādyatvāt tapas tasmin jñāne vā yad vividha-kumata-kutarkādi-nivāraṇa-rūpaṃ tapas tena pūtā nirdhūtāvidyā ity arthaḥ | mayi bhāvaṃ premāṇaṃ vidyamānatāṃ vā mat-sākṣāt-kṛtim | kīdṛśās te ity āha vīteti | vītāḥ parityaktās tan-nityatva-virodhiṣu rāgādayo yais te, na teṣu rāgaṃ na bhayaṃ na ca krodhaṃ prakāśayantīty arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - man-mayā mad-eka-niṣṭhā upāśritāḥ saṃsevamānāḥ ||10||
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BhG 4.11
ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ||11||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu tarhi kiṃ tvayy api vaiṣamyam asti ? yad evaṃ tvad-eka-śaraṇānām evātmābhāvaṃ dadāsi nānyeṣāṃ sakāmānām iti | ata āha ya iti | yathā yena prakāreṇa sakāmatayā niṣkāmatayā vā ye māṃ bhajante tān ahaṃ tathaiva tad-apekṣita-phala-dānena bhajāmi anugṛhṇāmi, na tu sakāmā māṃ vihāyendrādīn eva ye bhajante tān aham upekṣa iti mantavyam | yataḥ sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair indrādi-sevakā api mamaiva vartma bhajana-mārgam anuvartante | indrādi-rūpeṇāpi mamaiva sevyatvāt ||11||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu ye jñāna-tapasā pūtā niṣkāmās te tvad-bhāvaṃ gacchanti, ye tv apūtāḥ sakāmās te na gacchantīti phala-dātus tava vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye syātām iti nety āha ye yatheti | ya ārtā arthārthino jijñāsavo jñāninaś ca yathā yena prakāreṇa sakāmatayā niṣkāmatayā ca mām īśvaraṃ sarva-phala-dātāraṃ prapadyante bhajanti tāṃs tathaiva tad-apekṣita-phala-dānenaiva bhajāmy anugṛhṇāmy ahaṃ na viparyayeṇa | tatrāmumukṣūn ārtān arthārthinaś cārti-haraṇenārtha-dānena cānugṛhṇāmi | jiijñāsūn vividiṣanti yajñenety ādi-śruti-vihita-niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhātṝn jñāna-dānena jñāninaś ca mumukṣūn mokṣa-dānena na tv anya-kāmāyānyad dadāmīty arthaḥ |
nanu tathāpi sva-bhaktānām eva phalaṃ dadāsi na tv anya-deva-bhaktānām iti vaiṣamyaṃ sthitam eveti nety āha mama sarvātmano vāsudevasya vartma bhajana-mārgaṃ karma-jñāna-lakṣaṇam anuvartante he pārtha sarvajñaḥ sarva-prakārair indrādīn apy anuvartamānā manuṣyā iti karmādhikāriṇaḥ | indraṃ mitraṃ varuṇam agnim āhuḥ ity ādi-mantra-varṇāt phalam ata upapatteḥ [Vs. 3.2.38] iti nyāyāc ca sarva-rūpeṇāpi phala-dātā bhagavān eka evety arthaḥ | tathā ca vakṣyati ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā [Gītā 9.23] ity ādi ||11||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tvad-ekānta-bhaktāḥ kilataj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ manyanta eva | kecit tu jñānādi-siddhy-arthaṃ tvāṃ prapannā jñāni-prabhṛtayas tvaj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ nāpi manyanta iti tatrāha ya iti | yathā yena prakāreṇa māṃ prapadyante bhajante aham api tāṃs tenaiva prakāreṇa bhajāmi | bhajana-phalaṃ dadāmi |
ayam arthaḥ - ye mat-prabhor janma-karmaṇī nitye eveti manasi kurvāṇās tat-tal-līlāyām eva kṛta-manoratha-viśeṣā māṃ bhajantaḥ sukhayanty aham apīśvaratvāt kartum akartum anyathā kartum api samarthas teṣām api janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ kartuṃ tān sva-pārṣadīkṛtya taiḥ sārdham eva yathā-samayam avatarann antar dadhānaś ca tān pratikṣaṇam anugṛhṇann eva tad-bhajana-phalaṃ premāṇam eva dadāmi | ye jñāni-prabhṛtayo maj-janma-karmaṇor naśvaratvaṃ mad-vigrahasya māyā-mayatvaṃ ca manyamānā māṃ prapadyante aham api tān punaḥ punar naśvara-janma-karmavato māyā-pāśa-patitān eva kurvāṇas tat-pratiphalaṃ janma-mṛtyu-duḥkham eva dadāmi | ye tu maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ mad-vigrahasya ca sac-cid-ānandatvaṃ manyamānā jñāninaḥ sva-jñāna-siddhy-arthaṃ māṃ
prapadyante, teṣāṃ sva-deha-dvaya-bhaṅgam evecchatāṃ mumukṣūṇām anaśvaraṃ brahmānandam eva sampādayan bhajana-phalam āvidyaka-janma-mṛtyu-dhvaṃsam eva dadāmi | tasmān na kevalaṃ mad-bhaktā eva māṃ prapadyante, api tu sarvaśaḥ sarve 'pi manuṣyā jñāninaḥ karmiṇo yoginaś ca devatāntaropāsakāś ca mama vartmānuvartante mama sarva-svarūpatvāt jñāna-karmādikaṃ sarvaṃ māmakam eva vartmeti bhāvaḥ ||11||
baladevaḥ : nanu nitya-janmādi-manojñaḥ sarveśvaras tvaṃ mayāvagata-kvacittvaṅguṣṭha-mātrādir apīśvaro janmādi-śūnyaḥ śrūyate | tat kiṃ tava tvad-upāsanasya ca vaividhyaṃ bhaved iti ced om ity āha ye yatheti | ye bhaktā mām ekaṃ vaidūryam iva bahu-rūpaṃ sarveśvaraṃ yathā yena prakāreṇa bhāveneti yāvat prapadyante bhajanti, tān ahaṃ tādṛśas tathaiva tad-bhāvānusāriṇā rūpeṇa bhāvena ca bhajāmi sākṣāt bhavann anugṛhṇāmi | nūnatām eva-kāro nivartayati | ato mamaikasyaiva bahu-rūpasya vartma-bahu-vidham upāsana-mārgam anādi-pravṛtta-tad-upāsaka-paramparānukampitā manuṣyāḥ sarve 'nuvartante anusaranti ||11||
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BhG 4.12
kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ yajanta iha devatāḥ |
kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke siddhir bhavati karmajā ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi mokṣārtham eva kim iti sarve tvāṃ na bhajantīti | ata āha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ karma-phalaṃ kāṅkṣantaḥ prāyeneha mānuṣya-loke indrādi-devatā eva yajante | na tu sākṣān mām eva | hi yasmāt karmajā siddhiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ śīghraṃ bhavati | na tu jñāna-phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ, duṣprāpyatvāj jñānasya ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tvām eva bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ kim iti sarve na prapadyanta iti tatrāha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ phala-niṣpattiṃ kāṅkṣanta iha loke devatā devān indrāgny-ādyān yajante pūjayanti ajñāna-pratihatatvān na tu niṣkāmāḥ santo māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam iti śeṣaḥ | kasmāt ? hi yasmād indrādi-devatā-yājināṃ tat-phala-kāṅkṣiṇāṃ karmajā siddhiḥ karma-janyaṃ phalaṃ kṣipraṃ śīghram eva bhavati mānuṣe loke | jñāna-phalaṃ tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-sāpekṣatvān na kṣipraṃ bhavati |
mānuṣe loke karma-phalaṃ śīghraṃ bhavatīti viśeṣaṇād anya-loke 'pi varṇāśrama-dharma-vyatirikta-karma-phala-siddhir bhagavatā sūcitā | yatas tat tat kṣudra-phala-siddhy-arthaṃ sa-kāmā mokṣa-vimukhā anyā devatā yajante 'to na mumukṣava iva māṃ vāsudevaṃ sākṣāt te prapadyanta ity arthaḥ ||12||
viśvanāthaḥ : tatrāpi manuṣyeṣu madhye kāminas tu mama sākṣād-bhūtam api bhakti-mārgaṃ parihāya śīghra-phala-sādhakaṃ karma-vartmaivānuvartanta ity āha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmajā siddhiḥ svargādimayī ||12||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ prāsaṅgikaṃ procya prakṛtasya niṣkāma-karmaṇo jñānākāratvaṃ vadiṣyaṃs tad anuṣṭhātuṃ viralatvam āha kāṅkṣanta iti | iha loke 'nādi-bhoga-vāsanā-niyantritāḥ prāṇinaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ paśuputrādi-phala-niṣpattiṃ kāṅkṣanto 'nityālpa-dān apīndrādi-devān yajante sakāmaiḥ karmabhir na tu sarva-deveśvaraṃ nityānanda-phala-pradam api māṃ niṣkāmais tair yajante | hi yasmād asmin mānuṣe loke karmajā siddhiḥ kṣipraṃ bhavati | niṣkāma-karmārādhitān matto jñānato mokṣa-lakṣaṇā siddhis tu cireṇaiva bhavatīti | sarve lokā bhoga-vāsanā-grasta-sad-asad-vivekāḥ śīghra-bhogecchavas tad-arthaṃ mad-bhṛtyān devān bhajanti | na tu kaścit sad-asad-vivekī saṃsāra-duḥkha-vitrasta-duḥkha-nivṛttaye niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ sarva-deveśaṃ māṃ
bhajatīti viralas tad-adhikārīti bhāvaḥ ||12||
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BhG 4.13
cātur-varṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ |
tasya kartāram api māṃ viddhy akartāram avyayam ||13||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu kecit sakāmatayā pravartante, kecit niṣkāmatayā iti karma-vaicitryam | tat-kartṛṇā ca brāhmaṇādīnām uttama-madhyamādi-vaicitryaṃ kurvatas tava kathaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ nāsti ? ity āśaṅkyāha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eveti cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthe ṣyañ-pratyayaḥ | ayam arthaḥ -- sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ śama-damādīni karmāṇi | sattva- rajaḥ-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ śaurya-yuddhādīni karmāṇi | rajas- tamaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣi-vāṇijyādīni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ traivarṇika-śuśrūṣādīni karmāṇi | ity evaṃ guṇānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca vibhāgaiś cāturvarṇyaṃ mayaiva sṛṣṭam iti satyam, tathāpy evaṃ tasya kartāram api phalato 'kartāram eva māṃ viddhi | tatra hetuḥ -- avyayam
āsakti-rāhityena śrama-rahitaṃ nāśādi-rahitaṃ vā ||13||
madhusūdanaḥ : śarīrārambhaka-guṇa-vaiṣamyād api na sarve samāna-svabhāvā ity āha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eva cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthe ṣyañ | mayeśvareṇa sṛṣṭam utpāditaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇa-vibhāgaśaḥ karma-vibhāgaśaś ca | tathā hi sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ ca sāttvikāni śama-damādīni karmāṇi | sattvopasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ ca tādṛśāni śaurya-tejaḥ-prabhṛtīni karmāṇi | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ ca kṛṣy-ādīni tādṛśāni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ ca tāmasāni traivarṇika-śuśrūṣādīni karmāṇīti mānuṣe loke vyavasthitāni |
evaṃ tarhi viṣama-svabhāva-cāturvarṇya-sraṣṭṛtena tava vaiṣamyaṃ durvāram ity āśaṅkya nety āha tasya viṣama-svabhāvasya cāturvarṇyasya vyavahāra-dṛṣṭyā kartāram api māṃ paramārtha-dṛṣṭyā viddhy akartāram avyayaṃ nirahaṅkāratvenākṣīṇa-mahimānam ||13||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu bhakti-jñāna-mārgau mocakau, karma-mārgas tu bandhaka iti sarva-mārga-sraṣṭari tvayi parameśvare vaiṣamyaṃ prasaktam | tatra nahi nahīty āha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eva cāturvarṇyam | svārthe ṣyañ | atra sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ śama-damādīni karmāṇi | rajaḥ-sattva-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ śaurya-yuddhādīni karmāṇi | tamo-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣi-go-rakṣādīni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ paricaryātmakaṃ karmety evaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca vibhāgaiś catvāro varṇā mayā dharma-mārgāśritatvena sṛṣṭāḥ | kintu teṣāṃ kartāraṃ sraṣṭāram api mām akartāram asraṣṭāram eva viddhi | teṣāṃ prakṛti-guṇa-sṛṣṭatvāt prakṛteś
ca mac-chaktitvāt | sraṣṭāram api māṃ vastutas tv asraṣṭāram | mama prakṛti-guṇātīta-svarūpatvād iti bhāvaḥ | ataevāvyayam | sraṣṭṛtve 'pi na sāmyaṃ kiṃcid evety arthaḥ ||13||
baladevaḥ : atha niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāna-virodhi-bhoga-vāsanā-vināśa-hetum āha cāturvarṇyam iti dvābhyām | catvāro varṇāś cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthikaḥ ṣyañ | sattva-pradhānāḥ viprās teṣāṃ śamādīni karmāṇi | rajaḥ-sattva-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ yuddhādīni | tamo-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣy-ādīni | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ viprādi-trika-paricaryādīnīti guṇa-vibhāgaiḥ karma-vibhāgaiś ca vibhaktāś catvāro varṇāḥ sarveśvareṇa mayā sṛṣṭāḥ sthiti-saṃhṛtyor upalakṣaṇam etat | brahmādi-stambāntasya prapañcasyāham eva sargādi-karteti | yad āha sūtrakāraḥ - janmādy asya yataḥ [Vs 1.1.2] iti | tasya sargādeḥ kartāram api māṃ tat tat karmāntaritatvād akartāraṃ viddhīti svasmin vaiṣamyādikaṃ parihṛtam
| etat prāhāvyayaym iti sraṣṭṛtve 'pi sāmyān na vyemīty arthaḥ ||13||
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BhG 4.14
na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti na me karma-phale spṛhā |
iti māṃ yo 'bhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : tad eva darśayann āha na mām iti | karmāṇi viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādīny api māṃ na limpanty āsaktaṃ na kurvanti | nirahaṅkāratvān mama karma-phale spṛhābhāvāc ca | māṃ limpantīti kiṃ kartavyam ? yataḥ karma-lepa-rahitatvena māṃ yo 'bhijānāti so 'pi karmabhir na badhyate | mama nirlepatve kāraṇaṃ nirahaṅkāratva-niḥspṛhatvādikaṃ jānatas tasyāpy ahaṅkārādi-śaithilyāt ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ : karmāṇi viśva-sargādīni māṃ nirahaṅkāratvena kartṛtvena kartṛtvābhimāna-hīnaṃ bhagavantaṃ na limpanti dehārambhakatvena na badhnanti | evaṃ kartṛtvaṃ nirākṛtya bhoktṛtvaṃ nirākaroti na me mamāpta-kāmasya karma-phale spṛhā tṛṣṇā āpta-kāmasya kā spṛhā iti śruteḥ | kartṛtvābhimāna-phala-spṛhābhyāṃ hi karmāṇi limpanti tad-abhāvān na māṃ karmāṇi limpantīti | evaṃ yo 'nyo 'pi mām akartāram abhoktāraṃ cātmatvenābhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate 'kartrātma-jñānena mucyata ity arthaḥ ||14||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanv etat tāvad āstām, samprati tvaṃ kṣatriya-kule 'vatīrṇaḥ | kṣatriya-jāty-ucitāni karmāṇi pratyahaṃ karoṣy eva | tatra kā vārtā ity ata āha na mām iti | na limpanti jīvam iva na liptīkurvanti | nāpi jīvasyeva karma-phale svargādau spṛhā | parameśvaratvena svānanda-pūrṇatve 'pi loka-pravartanārtham eva me karmādi-karaṇam iti bhāvaḥ | iti mām iti | yas tu na jānāti sa karmabhir badhyata iti bhāvaḥ ||14||
baladevaḥ : etad viśadayati na mām iti | karmāṇi viśva-sargādīni māṃ na limpanti vaiṣamyādi-doṣeṇa jīvam iva liptaṃ na kurvanti, yat tāni sṛjya-jīva-karma-prayuktāni na ca mat-prayuktāni na ca sargādi-karma-phale mama spṛhāsty ato na limpantīti | phala-spṛhayā yaḥ karmāṇi karoti sa tat-phalair lipyate | ahaṃ tu svarūpānanda-pūrṇaḥ prakṛti-vilīna-kṣetrajña-bubhukṣābhyudita-dayaḥ | parjanyavan nimitta-mātraḥ san tat-karmāṇi pravartayāmīti | smṛtiś ca -
nimitta-mātram evāsau sṛjyānāṃ sarga-karmaṇi |
pradhāna-kāraṇībhūtā yato vai sṛjya-śaktayaḥ || ity ādyā |
sṛjyānāṃ deva-mānavādi-bhāva-bhājāṃ kṣetrajñānāṃ sarga-kriyāyām asau pareśo nimitta-mātram eva devādi-bhāva-vaicitryāṃ kāraṇībhūtās tu sṛjyānāṃ teṣāṃ prācīna-karma-śaktaya eva bhavantīti tad-arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakṛt - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇyena [Vs. 2.1.35] ity ādinā | evaṃ jñānasya phalam āha iti mām iti | itthambhūtaṃ māṃ yo 'bhijānāti, sa tad-virodhibhis tad-dhetubhiḥ prācīna-karmabhir na badhyate | tair vimucyata ity arthaḥ ||14||
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BhG 4.15
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ |
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvaṃ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : ye yathā mām ity ādi caturbhiḥ ślokaiḥ prāsaṅgikam īśvarasya vaiṣamyaṃ parihṛtya pūrvoktam eva karma-yogaṃ prapañcayitum anusmārayati evam iti | ahaṅkārādi-rāhityena kṛtaṃ karma bandhakaṃ na bhavati | ity evaṃ jñātvā pūrvair janakādibhir api mumukṣubhiḥ sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ pūrvataraṃ yugāntareṣv api kṛtam | tasmāt tvam api prathamaṃ karmaiva kuru ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ : yato nāhaṃ kartā na me karma-phala-spṛheti jñānāt karmabhir na badhyate 'ta āha evam iti | evam ātmano 'kartuḥ karmālepaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvair atikrāntair api asmin yuge yayāti-yadu-prabhṛtibhir mumukṣubhiḥ | tasmāt tvam api karmaiva kuru na tūṣṇīm āsanaṃ nāpi saṃnyāsam | yady atattvavit tadātma-śuddhy-arthaṃ tattva-vic cel loka-saṅgrahārtham | pūrvair janakādibhiḥ pūrvataram atipūrvaṃ yugāntare kṛtam | etenāsmin yuge 'nya-yuge ca pūrva-pūrvataraiḥ kṛtatvād avaśyaṃ tvayā kartavyaṃ karmeti darśayati ||15||
viśvanāthaḥ : evambhūtam eva māṃ jñātvā pūrvair janakādibhir api loka-pravartanārtham eva karma kṛtam ||15||
baladevaḥ : evam iti | mām eva jñātvā tad-anusāribhir mac-chiṣyaiḥ pūrvair vivasvad-ādibhir mumukṣubhir niṣkāmaṃ karma kṛtam | tasmāt tvam api karmaiva tat kuru | na karma-saṃnyāsam | aśuddha-cittaś cej jñāna-garbhāyai citta-śuddhyai śuddha-cittaś cel loka-saṅgrahāyety arthaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ pūrvais taiḥ kṛtaṃ ? pūrvataraṃ atiprācīnam ||15||
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BhG 4.16
kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ |
tat te karma pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : tac ca tattvavidbhiḥ saha vicārya kartavyam | na loka-paramparā-mātreṇety āha kiṃ karmeti | kiṃ karma ? kīdṛśaṃ karma-karaṇam | kim akarma ? kīdṛśaṃ karmākaraṇam | ity asminn arthe vivekino 'pi mohitāḥ | ato yaj jñātā yad-anuṣṭhāyāśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣyase mukto bhaviṣyasi tat karmākarma ca tubhyam ahaṃ pravakṣyāmi tac chṛṇu ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karma-viṣaye kiṃ kaścit saṃśayo 'py asti yena pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ity atinirbadhnāsi ? asty evety āha kiṃ karmeti | nau-sthasya niṣkriyeṣv api taṭastha-vṛkṣeṣu gamana-bhrama-darśanāt tathā dūrāc cakṣuḥ-saṃnikṛṣṭeṣu gacchatsv api puruṣeṣv agamana-bhrama-darśanāt paramārthataḥ kiṃ karma kiṃ vā paramārthato 'karmeti kavayo medhāvino 'py atrāsmin viṣaye mohitā mohaṃ nirṇayāsāmarthyaṃ prāptā atyanta-durnirūpatvād ity arthaḥ | tat tasmāt te tubhyam ahaṃ karma, a-kāra-praśleṣeṇa cchedād akarma ca pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa sandehocchedena vakṣyāmi | yat karmākarma-svarūpaṃ jñātvā mokṣyase mukto bhaviṣyasy aśubhāt saṃsārāt ||16||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca karmāpi na gatānugatika-nyāyenaiva kevalaṃ vivekinā kartavyam | kintu tasya prakāra-viśeṣaṃ jñātvaivety atas tasya prathamaṃ durjñeyatvam āha ||16||
baladevaḥ : nanu kiṃ karma-viṣayakaḥ kaścit sandeho 'py asti yataḥ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ity atinirbandhād bravīṣīti ced asty evety āha kiṃ karmeti | mumukṣubhir anuṣṭheyaṃ karma kiṃ rūpaṃ syād akarma ca karmānyat tad-antargataṃ jñānaṃ ca kiṃ rūpam ity arthaḥ | tad-anyatve enaṃ ca | atrārthe kavayo dhīmanto 'pi mohitās tad-yāthātmya-nirṇayāsāmarthyān mohaṃ prāpuḥ | ahaṃ sarveśaḥ sarvajñas te tubhyaṃ tat karma a-kāra-praśleṣād akarma ca pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvānuṣṭhāya prāpya cāśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣyase ||16||
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BhG 4.17
karmaṇo hy api boddhavyaṃ boddhavyaṃ ca vikarmaṇaḥ |
akarmaṇaś ca boddhavyaṃ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ ||17||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu loka-prasiddham eva karma dehādi-vyāpārātmakam | akarma tad-avyāpārātmakam | ataḥ katham ucyate kavayo 'py atra mohaṃ prāptā iti ? tatrāha karmaṇa iti | karmaṇo vihita-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | na tu loka-prasiddha-mātram eva | akarmaṇo 'vihita-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | vikarmaṇo niṣiddha-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | yataḥ karmaṇo gatir gahanā | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇārtham | karmākarma-vikarmaṇāṃ tattvaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarva-loka-prasiddhatvād aham evaitaj jānāmi dehendriyādi-vyāpāraḥ karma tūṣṇīm āsanam akarmeti tatra kiṃ tvayā vaktavyam iti tatrāha karmaṇa iti | hi yasmāt karmaṇaḥ śāstra-vihitasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti, vikarmaṇaś ca pratiṣiddhasya, akarmaṇaś ca tūṣṇīmbhāvasya | atra vākya-traye 'pi tattvam asīty adhyāhāraḥ | yasmād gahanā durjñānā | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇaṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇām | gatis tattvam ity arthaḥ ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ : niṣiddhācaraṇaṃ durgati-prāpakam iti tattvam | tathākarmaṇaḥ karmākaraṇasyāpi sannyāsinaḥ kīdṛśaṃ karmākaraṇaṃ śubhadam iti | anyathā niḥśreyasaṃ kathaṃ hasta-gataṃ syād iti bhāvaḥ | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇaṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇām | gatis tattvam | gahanā durgamā ||17||
baladevaḥ : nanu kavayo 'pi mohaṃ prāpur iti cet tatrāha karmaṇo hīti | karmaṇo niṣkāmasya mumukṣubhir anuṣṭhātavyasya svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | vikarmaṇo jñāna-viruddhasya kāmya-karmaṇaḥ svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | akarmaṇaś ca karma-bhinnasya jñānasya ca svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | tat-tat-svarūpavidbhiḥ sārdhaṃ vicāryam ity arthaḥ | karmaṇo 'karmaṇaś ca gatir gahanā durgamā | ataḥ kavayo 'pi tatra mohitāḥ ||17||
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BhG 4.18
karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ |
sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu sa yuktaḥ kṛtsna-karma-kṛt ||18||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ karmādīnāṃ durvijñeyatvaṃ darśayann āha karmaṇīti | parameśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇe karmaṇi karma-viṣaye akarma karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyet | tasya jñāna-hetutvena bandhakatvābhāvāt | akarmaṇi ca vihitākaraṇe karma yaḥ paśyet pratyavāyotpādakatvena bandha-hetutvāt | manuṣyeṣu karma kurvāṇeṣu sa buddhimān vyavasāyātmaka-buddhimattvāc chreṣṭhaḥ | taṃ stauti sa yukto yogī | tena karmaṇā jñāna-yogāvāpteḥ | sa eva kṛtsna-karma-kartā ca | sarvataḥ samplutodaka-sthānīye ca tasmin karmaṇi sarva-karma-phalānām antarbhāvāt tad evam ārurukṣoḥ karma-yogādhikārāvasthāyāṃ na karmaṇām anārambhād ity ādinokta eva karma-yogaḥ spaṣṭīkṛtaḥ | tat-prapañca-rūpatvāc cāsya prakaraṇasya na paunaruktya-doṣaḥ | anenaiva yogārūḍhāvasthāyāṃ
yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādinā yaḥ karmānupayoga uktas tasyāpy arthāt prapañcaḥ kṛto veditavyaḥ | yad ārurukṣor api karma bandhakaṃ na bhavati tad-ārūḍhasya kuto bandhakaṃ syāt ity atrāpi śloko yujyate |
yad vā, karmaṇi dehendriyādi-vyāpāre vartamāne 'py ātmano dehādi-vyatirekānubhavena akarma svābhāvikaṃ niaṣkarmyam eva yaḥ paśyet tathā akarmaṇi ca jñāna-rahite duḥkha-buddhyā karmaṇāṃ tyāge karma yaḥ paśyet tasya prayatna-sādhyatvena mithyācāratvāt | tad uktaṃ karmendriyāṇi saṃyamyety ādinā | ya evambhūtaḥ sa tu sarveṣu manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - yataḥ kṛtsnāni sarvāṇi yadṛcchayā prāptāny āhārādīni karmāṇi kurvann api sa yukta eva akartrātma-jñānena samādhistha evety arthaḥ | anenanaiva jñāninaḥ svabhāvād āpannaṃ kalañja-bhakṣaṇādikaṃ na doṣāya | ajñasya tu rāgataḥ kṛtaṃ doṣāya iti vikarmaṇo 'pi tattvaṃ nirūpitaṃ draṣṭavyam ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : kīdṛśaṃ tarhi karmādīnāṃ tattvam iti tad āha karmaṇīti | karmaṇi dehendriyādi-vyāpāre vihite pratiṣiddhe cāhaṃ karomīti dharmy-adhyāsenātmany āropit## | nau-sthenācalatsu taṭastha-vṛkṣādiṣu samāropite calana ivākartātma-svarūpālocanena vastutaḥ karmābhāvaṃ taṭastha-vṛkṣādiṣv iva yaḥ paśyet paśyati | tathā dehendriyādiṣu triguṇa-māyā-pariṇāmatvena sarvadā savyāpāreṣu nirvyāpāras tūṣṇīṃ sukham āsa ity abhimānena samāropite 'karmaṇi vyāpāroparame dūrastha-cakṣuḥ-saṃnikṛṣṭa-puruṣeṣu gacchatsv apy agamana iva sarvadā sa-vyāpāra-dehendriyādi-svarūpa-paryālocanena vastu-gatyā karma nivṛttyākhya-prayatna-rūpaṃ vyāpāraṃ yaḥ paśyed udāhṛta-puruṣeṣu gamanam iva | audāsīnyāvasthāyām apy udāsīno 'ham āsa ity
abhimāna eva karma | etādṛśaḥ paramārtha-darśī sa buddhimān ity ādinā buddhimattva-yoga-yuktatva-sarva-karma-kṛttvais tribhir dharmaiḥ stūyate |
atra prathama-pādena karma-vikarmaṇos tattvaṃ karma-śabdasya vihita-pratiṣiddha-paratvāt | dvitīya-pādena cākarmaṇas tattvaṃ darśitam iti draṣṭavyam | tatra yat tvaṃ manyase karmaṇo bandha-hetutvāt tūṣṇīm eva mayā sukhena sthātavyam iti tan mṛṣā | asati kartṛtvābhimāne vihitasya pratiṣiddhasya vā karmaṇo bandha-hetutvābhāvāt | tathā ca vyākhyātaṃ na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti [Gītā 4.14] ity ādinā | satica kartṛtvābhimāne tūṣṇīm aham āsa ity audāsīnyābhimānātmakaṃ yat karma tad api bandha-hetur eva vastu-tattvāparijñānāt | tasmāt karma-vikarmākarmaṇāṃ tattvam īdṛśaṃ jñātvā vikarmākarmaṇī parityajya kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-hānena vihitaṃ karmaiva kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ |
aparā vyākhyā karmaṇi jñāna-karmaṇi dṛśye jaḍe sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa cānusyūtaṃ sarva-bhramādhiṣṭhānam akarmāvedyaṃ sva-prakāśa-caitanyaṃ paramārtha-dṛṣṭyā yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca sva-prakāśe dṛg-vastuni kalpitaṃ karma dṛśyaṃ māyā-mayaṃ na paramārtha-sat | dṛg-dṛśyayoḥ sambandhānupapatteḥ -
yas tu sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmany evānupaśyati |
sarva-bhūteṣu cātmānaṃ tato na vijugupsate || [ĪśaU 6] iti śruteḥ |
evaṃ parasparādhyāse 'pi śuddhaṃ vastu yaḥ paśyati manuṣyeṣu madhye sa eva buddhimān nānyaḥ | asya paramārtha-darśitvād anyasya cāparamārtha-darśitvāt | sa ca buddhi-sādhana-yogya-yukto 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-aikāgra-cittaḥ | ataḥ sa evāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-sādhana-kṛtsna-karma-kṛd iti vāstava-dharmair eva stūyate | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api paramārtha-darśī bhava tāvataiva kṛtsna-karma-kāritvopapatter ity abhiprāyaḥ |
ato yad uktaṃ yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhād iti | yac coktaṃ karmādīnāṃ tattvaṃ boddhavyam astīti sa buddhimān ity ādi-stutiś ca | tat sarvaṃ paramārtha-darśane saṃgacchate | anya-jñānād aśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣānupapatteḥ | atattvaṃ cānyan na boddhavyaṃ na vā yaj-jñāne buddhimattvam iti yuktaiva paramārtha-darśināṃ vyākhyā |
yat tu vyākhyānaṃ karmaṇi nitye parameśvarārthe 'nuṣṭhīyamāne bandha-hetutvābhāvād akarmedam iti yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca nitya-karmākaraṇe pratyavāya-hetutvena karmedam iti yaḥ paśyet sa buddhimān ity ādi tad asaṅgatam eva | nitya-karmaṇy akarmedam iti jñānasyāśubha-mokṣa-hetutvābhāvāt, mithyājñānatvena tasyivāśubhatvāc ca | na caitādṛśaṃ mithyā-jñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ tattvaṃ nāpy etādṛśa-jñāne buddhimattvādi-stuty-upapattir bhrāntitvāt | nitya-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ hi svarūpato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvāropayujyate na tatrākarma-buddhiḥ kutrāpy upayujyate śāstreṇa nāmādiṣu brahma-dṛṣṭivad avihitatvāt | nāpīdam eva vākyaṃ tad-vidhāyakam upakramādi-virodhasyokteḥ | evaṃ nitya-karmākaraṇam api svarūpato nitya-karma-viruddha-karma-lakṣakatayopayujyate na tu
tatra karma-dṛṣṭiḥ kvāpy upayujyate | nāpi nitya-karmākaraṇāt pratyavāyaḥ | abhāvād bhāvotpatty-ayogāt | anyathā tad-aviśeṣeṇa sarvadā kāryotpatti-prasaṅgāt | bhāvārthāḥ karma-śabdās tebhyaḥ kriyā pratīyetaiṣa hy artho vidhīyata iti nyāyena bhāvārthasyaivāpūrva-janakatvāt | atirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ na gṛhṇāti ity ādāv api saṅkalpa-viśeṣasyaivāpūrva-janakatvābhyupagamāt | nekṣetodyantam ādityam ity ādi-prajāpati-vratavat | ato nitya-karmānuṣṭhānārhe kāle tad-viruddhatayā yad-upaveśanādi karma tad eva nitya-karmākaraṇopalakṣitaṃ pratyavāya-hetur iti vaidikānāṃ siddhāntaḥ | ataevākurvan vihitaṃ karmety atra lakṣaṇārthe śatā vyākhyātaḥ | lakṣaṇa-hetvoḥ kriyāyā ity aviśeṣa-smaraṇe 'py atra hetutvānupapatteḥ | tasmān mithyā-darśanāpanode prastute mithyā-darśana-vyākhyānaṃ
na śobhatetarām | nāpi nityānuṣṭhāna-param evaitad vākyaṃ nityāni kuryād ity arthe karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi tad-abodhakaraṃ vākyaṃ prayuñjānasya bhagavataḥ pratārakatvāpatter ity ādi bhāṣya eva vistareṇa vyākhyātam ity uparamyate ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ : tatra karmākarmaṇos tattva-bodham āha karmaṇīti | śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya jñānavattve 'pi janakāder ivākṛta-sannyāsasya karmaṇy anuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāma-karma-yoge akarma | karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyet tat-karmaṇo bandhakatvābhāvāt iti bhāvaḥ | tathāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya jñānābhāve 'pi śāstrajñatvāt jñāna-vāvadūkasya sannyāsino 'karmaṇi karmākaraṇe karma paśyet durgati-prāpakaṃ karma-bandham evopalabhate | sa eva buddhimān | sa tu kṛtsna-karmāṇy eva karoti, na tu tasya jñāna-vāvadūkasya jñāni-māninaḥ saṅgenāpi tad-vacasāpi sannyāsaṃ na karotīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca bhagavad-vākyam -
yas tv asaṃyata-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ pracaṇḍendriya-sārathiḥ |
jñāna-vairāgya-rahitas tri-daṇḍam upajīvati ||
surān ātmānam ātma-sthaṃ nihnute māṃ ca dharma-hā |
avipakva-kaṣāyo 'smād amuṣmāc ca vihīyate || [BhP 11.18.40-1] iti ||18||
baladevaḥ : karmākarmaṇor boddhavyaṃ svarūpam āha karmaṇīti | anuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāme karmaṇi yo 'karma prastutatvāt karmaṇy ātma-jñānaṃ paśyet, akarmaṇy ātma-jñāne yaḥ karma paśyet | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yo mumukṣur hṛd-viśuddhaye kriyamāṇaṃ karmātma-jñānānusandhi-garbhatvāj jñānākāraṃ, tac ca jñānaṃ karma-dvārakatvāt karmākāraṃ paśyet | ubhayor ekātmoddeśyatvād ubhayam ekaṃ vidyād ity arthaḥ | evam eva vakṣyate sāṅkhya-yogau pṛthag bālāḥ ity ādineti | evam anuṣṭhīyamāne karmaṇi ātma-yāthātmyaṃ yo 'nusandhatte sa manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | yukto mokṣa-yogyaḥ | kṛtsna-karma-kṛt sarveṣāṃ karma-phalānām ātma-jñāna-sukhāntarbhūtatvāt ||18||
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BhG 4.19
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ |
jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ tam āhuḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ ||19||
śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity anena śruty-arthārthāpattibhyāṃ yad uktam artha-dvandvaṃ tad eva spaṣṭayati yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samyag ārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ karmāṇi | kāmyata iti kāmaḥ phalam | tat-saṅkalpena varjitā yasya bhavanti taṃ paṇḍitam āhuḥ | tatra hetur yatas taiḥ samārambhaiḥ śuddhe citte sati jātena jñānāgninā dagdhāny akarmatāṃ nītāni karmāṇi yasya tam | ārūḍhāvasthāyāṃ tu kāmaḥ phala-hetu-viṣayaḥ | tad-artham idaṃ kartavyam iti kartavya-viṣayaḥ saṅkalpaḥ | tābhyāṃ varjitāḥ | śeṣaṃ spaṣṭam ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad etat paramārtha-darśinaḥ kartṛtvābhimānābhāvena karmāliptatvaṃ prapañcyate yasya sarva ity ādi brahma-karma-samādhinety antena | yasya pūrvokta-paramārtha-darśinaḥ sarve yāvanto vaidikā laukikā vā samārambhāḥ samārabhyanta iti vyutpattyā karmāṇi kāma-saṅkalpa-varjitāḥ kāmaḥ phala-tṛṣṇā saṅkalpo 'haṃ karomīti kartṛtvābhimānas tābhyāṃ varjitāḥ | loka-saṅgrahāthaṃ vā jīvana-mātrārthaṃ vā prārabdha-karma-vegād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpā bhavanti | taṃ karmādāv akarmādi-darśanaṃ jñānaṃ tad evāgnis tena dagdhāni śubhāśubha-lakṣaṇāni karmāṇi yasya tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs 4.1.13] iti nyāyāt | jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ taṃ budhā brahma-vidaḥ paramārthataḥ paṇḍitam āhuḥ
| samyag-darśī hi paṇḍita ucyate na tu bhrānta ity arthaḥ ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ vivṛṇoti yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samyag ārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ karmāṇi | kāmaḥ phalaṃ, tat-saṅkalpena varjitāḥ | jñānam evāgnis tena dagdhāni karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni vihitāni niṣiddhāni ca yasya saḥ | etena vikarmaṇaś ca boddhavyam ity api vivṛtam | etādṛśādhikāriṇi karma yathā akarma paśyet, tathaiva vikarmāpy akarmaiva paśyed iti pūrva-ślokasyaiva saṅgatiḥ | yad agre vakṣyate -
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛttamaḥ |
sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi ||
yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute 'rjuna |
jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā || [Gītā 4.36-37] iti ||19||
baladevaḥ : karmaṇo jñānākāram āha yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samārambhāḥ karmāṇi kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ phalāni tat-saṅkalpena varjitāḥ śūnyā yasya karmabhir ātmoddeśino bhavanti | taṃ budhāḥ paṇḍitam ātmajñam āhuḥ | tatra hetuḥ - jñāneti | taiḥ samārambhair hṛd-viśuddhau satyām āvirbhūtenātma-jñānāgninā dagdhāni saṃcitāni karmāṇi yasya tam ||19||
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BhG 4.20
tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ nitya-tṛpto nirāśrayaḥ |
karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ ||20||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca tyaktveti | karmaṇi tat-phale cāsaktiṃ tyaktvā nityena nijānandena tṛptaḥ | ataeva yoga-kṣemārtham āśrayaṇīya-rahitaḥ | evambhūto yaḥ svābhāvike vihite vā karmaṇy abhitaḥ pravṛtto 'pi kiṃcid eva naiva karoti | tasya karmākarmatām āpadyata ity arthaḥ ||20||
madhusūdanaḥ : bhavatu jñānāgninā prāktanānām aprārabdha-karmaṇāṃ dāha āgāmināṃ cānutpattiḥ | jñānotpatti-kāle kriyamāṇaṃ tu pūrvottarayor anantar-bhāvāt phalāya bhaved iti bhavet kasyacid āśaṅkā tām apanudaty āha tyaktveti | karmaṇi phale cāsaṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhimānaṃ bhogābhilāṣaṃ ca tyaktvākartr-abhoktr-ātma-samyag-darśanena bādhitvā nitya-tṛptaḥ paramānanda-svarūpa-lābhena sarvatra nirākāṅkṣaḥ | nirāśraya āśrayo dehendriyādir advaita-darśanena nirgato yasmāt sa nirāśrayo dehendriyādy-abhimāna-śūnyaḥ | phala-kāmanāyāḥ kartṛtvābhimānasya ca nivṛttau hetu-garbhaṃ krameṇa viśeṣaṇa-dvayam | evambhūto jīvanmukto vyutthāna-daśāyāṃ karmaṇi vaidike laukike vābhipravṛtto 'pi prārabdha-karma-vaśāl loka-dṛṣṭyābhitaḥ sāṅgopāṅgānuṣṭhānāya
pravṛtto 'pi sva-dṛṣṭyā naiva kiṃcit karoti sa niṣkriyātma-darśanena bādhitatvād ity arthaḥ ||20||
viśvanāthaḥ : nitya-tṛpto nityaṃ nijānandaena tṛptaḥ | nirāśrayaḥ svayoga-kṣemārthaṃ na kam apy āśrayate ||20||
baladevaḥ : uktam arthaṃ viśadayati tyaktveti | karma-phale saṅgaṃ tyaktvā nityenātmanānubhūtena tṛpto nirāśrayo yoga-kṣemaārtahm apy āśraya-rahita īdṛśo yo 'dhikārī sa karmaṇy abhitaḥ pravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti | karmānuṣṭhānāpadeśena jñāna-niṣṭhām eva sampādayatīty ārurukṣor daśeyam | etena vikarmaṇaḥ svarūpaṃ bandhakatvaṃ boddhavyam ity uktaṃ bhavati ||20||
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BhG 4.21
nirāśīr yata-cittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ||21||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca nirāśīr iti | nirgatā āśiṣaḥ kāmanā yasmāt | yataṃ niyataṃ cittam ātmā śarīraṃ ca yasya | tyaktāḥ sarve parigraho yena | sa śarīraṃ śarīra-mātra-nirvartyaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśa-rahitaṃ kurvann api kilbiṣam bandhanaṃ na prāpnoti | yogārūḍha-pakṣe śārīra-nirvāha-mātropayogi svābhāvikaṃ bhikṣāṭanādi kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ vihitākaraṇa-nimitta-doṣaṃ na prāpnoti ||21||
madhusūdanaḥ : yadātyanta-vikṣepa-hetor api jyotiṣṭomādeḥ samyag-jñāna-vaśān na tat-phala-janakatvaṃ tadā śarīra-sthiti-mātra-hetor avikṣepakasya bhikṣāṭanāder nāsty eva bandha-hetutvam iti kaimutya-nyāyenāha nirāśīr iti | nirāśīr gata-tṛṣṇo yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥkaraṇam ātmā bāhyendriya-sahito dehas tau saṃyatau pratyāhāreṇa nigṛhītau yena saḥ | yato jitendriyo 'to vigata-tṛṣṇatvāt tyakta-sarva-parigrahas tyaktāḥ sarve parigrahā bhogopakaraṇāni yena saḥ | etādṛśo 'pi prārabdha-karma-vaśāc chārīraṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kaupīnācchādanādi-grahaṇa-bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpaṃ yatiṃ prati śāstrābhyanujñātaṃ karma kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca, tad api kevalaṃ kartṛtvābhimāna-śūnyaṃ parādhyāropita-kartṛtvena kurvan paramārthato 'kartrātma-darśanān
nāpnoti na prāpnoti kilbiṣaṃ dharmādharma-phala-bhūtam aniṣṭaṃ saṃsāraṃ pāpavat puṇyasyāpy aniṣṭa-phalatvena kilbiṣatvam |
ye tu śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīram iti vyācakṣate tan mate kevalaṃ karma kurvann ity ato 'dhikārthālābhād avyāvartakatvena śārīra-padasya vaiyarthyam | atha vācika-mānasika-vyāvartanātham iti brūyāt tadā karma-padasya vihita-mātra-paratvena śārīraṃ vihitaṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ity aprasakta-pratiṣedho 'narthakaḥ | pratiṣiddha-sādhāraṇa-paratve 'py evam eva vyāghāta iti bhāṣya eva vistaraḥ ||21||
viśvanāthaḥ : ātmā sthūla-dehaḥ | śārīraṃ śārīra-nirvāhārthaṃ karmāsat-pratigrahādikaṃ kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ pāpaṃ nāpnotīty etad api vikarmaṇaś ca boddhavyam ity asya vivaraṇam ||21||
baladevaḥ : athārūḍhasya daśām āha nirāśīr iti tribhiḥ | nirgatā āśīḥ phalecchā yasmāt sa | yata-cittātmā vaśīkṛta-citta-dehas tyakta-sarva-parigraha ātmaikāvalokanārthatvāt prākṛteṣu vastuṣu mamatva-varjitaḥ | śārīraṃ karma śarīra-nirvāhārthaṃ karmāsat-parigrahādi kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ pāpaṃ nāpnoti ||21||
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BhG 4.22
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭo dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ |
samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate ||22||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadṛcchā-lābheti | aprārthitopasthito lābho yadṛcchā-lābhaḥ | tena santuṣṭaḥ | dvandvāni śītoṣṇādīny atīto 'tikrāntaḥ | tat-sahana-śīla ity arthaḥ | vimatsaro nirvairaḥ | yadṛcchā-lābhasyāpi siddhāv asiddhau ca samo harṣa-viṣāda-rahitaḥ | ya evambhūtaḥ sa pūrvottara-bhūmikayor yathāyathaṃ vihitaṃ svābhāvikaṃ vā karma kṛtvāpi bandhaṃ na prāpnoti ||22||
madhusūdanaḥ : tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yateḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ karmābhyanujñātaṃ tatrānnācchādanādi-vyatirekeṇa śarīra-sthiter asaṃbhavād yācñādināpi sva-prayatnenānnādikaṃ sampādyam iti prāpte niyamāyāha yadṛcchā-lābheti | śāstrānanumata-prayatna-vyatireko yadṛcchā tayaiva yo lābho 'nnācchādanādeḥ śāstrānumatasya sa yadṛcchālābhas tena santuṣṭas tad-adhika-tṛṣṇā-rahitaḥ | tathā ca śāstraṃ bhaikṣaṃ caret iti prakṛṣya ayācitam asaṃk ptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā iti yācñā-saṃkalpādi-prayatnaṃ vārayati | manur api -
na cotpāta-nimittābhyāṃ na nakṣatrāṅgavidyayā |
nānuśāsana-vādābhyāṃ bhikṣāṃ lipseta karhicit || [Manu 6.50] iti |
yatayo bhikṣārthaṃ grāmaṃ viśantīty ādi-śāstrānumatas tu prayatnaḥ kartavya eva | evaṃ labdhavyam api śāstra-niyatam eva -
kaupīna-yugalaṃ vāsaḥ kanthāṃ śīta-nivāriṇīm |
pāduke cāpi gṛhṇīyāt kuryān nānyasya saṅgraham || ity ādi |
evam anyad api vidhi-niṣedha-rūpaṃ śāstram ūhyam |
nanu sva-prayatnam antareṇālābhe śītoṣṇādi-pīḍitaḥ kathaṃ jīved ata āha dvandvātīta dvandvāni kṣut-pipāsā-śītoṣṇa-varṣādīni atīto 'tikrāntaḥ samādhi-daśāyāṃ teṣām asphuraṇāt | vyutthāna-daśāyāṃ sphuraṇe 'pi paramānandādvitīyākartr-abhoktr-ātma-pratyayena bādhāt tair dvandvair upahanyamāno 'py akṣubhita-cittaḥ | ataeva parasya lābhe svasyālābhe ca vimatsaraḥ parotkarṣāsahana-pūrvikā svotkarṣa-vāñchā matsaras tad-rahito 'dvitīyātma-darśanena nirvaira-buddhiḥ | ataeva samas tulyo yadṛcchā-lābhasya siddhāv asiddhau ca siddhau na hṛṣṭo nāpy asiddhau viṣaṇṇaḥ sa svānubhavenākartaiva parair āropita-kartṛtvaḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpaṃ karma kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate bandha-hetoḥ sa-hetukasya karmaṇo jñānāgninā dagdhatvād
iti pūrvoktānuvādaḥ ||22||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : atha śarīra-nirvāhārtham annācchādanādikaṃ sva-prayatnena na sampādyam ity āha yadṛcchayeti | yācñāṃ vinaiva lābho yadṛcchā-lābhas tena santuṣṭas tṛptaḥ | dvandvāni śītoṣṇādīny atītas tat-sahiṣṇuḥ | vimatsaro 'nyair upadruto 'pi taiḥ saha vairam akurvan yadṛcchā-lābha-siddhau harṣasya tad-asiddhau viṣādasya cābhāvāt sama evaṃbhūtaḥ śārīraṃ karma kṛtvāpi tena tena na badhyate jñāna-niṣṭhā-prabhāvān na lipyate ||22||
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BhG 4.23
gata-saṅgasya muktasya jñānāvasthita-cetasaḥ |
yajñāyācarataḥ karma samagraṃ pravilīyate ||23||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca gata-saṅgasyeti | gata-saṅgasya niṣkāmasya rāgādibhir muktasya | jñāne 'vasthitaṃ ceto yasya tasya | yajñāya parameśvarārthaṃ karmācarataḥ sataḥ samagraṃ savāsanaṃ karma pravilīyate | akarma-bhāvam āpadyate | arūḍha-yoga-pakṣe yajñāyeti | yajñāya yajña-rakṣaṇārthaṃ loka-saṃgrahārtham eva karma kurvata ity arthaḥ ||23||
madhusūdanaḥ : tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭasya yater yac-charīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpaṃ karma tat kṛtvā na nibadhyata ity ukte gṛhasthasya brahma-vido janakāder yajñādi-rūpaṃ yat karma tad-bandha-hetuḥ syād iti bhavet kasyacid āśaṅkā tām apanetuṃ tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgam ity ādinoktaṃ vivṛṇoti gata-saṅgasyeti | gata-saṅgasya phalāsaṅga-śūnyasya muktasya kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvādy-adhyāsa-śūnyasya jñānāvasthita-cetaso nirvikalpaka-brahmātmaikya-bodha eva sthitaṃ cittaṃ yasya tasya sthita-prajñasyety arthaḥ | uttarottara-viśeṣaṇasya pūrva-pūrva-hetutvenānvayo draṣṭavyaḥ | gata-saṅgatvaṃ kuto yato 'dhyāsa-hīnatvaṃ tat kuto yataḥ sthita-prajñatvam iti | īdṛśasyāpi prārabdha-karma-vaśād yajñāya yajña-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jyotiṣṭomādi-yajñe
śreṣṭhācāratvena loka-pravṛtty-arthaṃ yajñāya viṣṇave tat-prīty-artham iti vā | ācarataḥ karma yajña-dānādikaṃ samagraṃ sahāgreṇa phalena vidyata iti samagraṃ pravilīyate prakarṣeṇa kāraṇocchedena tattva-darśanād vilīyate vinaśyatīty arthaḥ ||23||
viśvanāthaḥ : yajño vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇas tad-arthaṃ karmācaratas tat karma pravilīyate akarma-bhāvam āpadyata ity arthaḥ ||23||
baladevaḥ : gata-saṅgasya niṣkāmasya rāga-dveṣādibhir muktasya svātma-viṣayaka-jñāna-niviṣṭa-manaso yajñāya viṣṇuṃ prasādayituṃ tac-cintanam ācarataḥ prācīnaṃ bandhakaṃ karma samagraṃ kṛtsnaṃ pravilīyate ||23||
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BhG 4.24
brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam |
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā ||24||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ parameśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇaṃ karma jñāna-hetutvena bandhakatvābhāvād akarmaiva | āruḍhāvasthāyāṃ tu akartrātma-jñānena bādhitatvāt svābhāvikam api karma-karmaiveti karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity anenoktaḥ karma-pravilayaḥ prapañcitaḥ | idānīṃ karmaṇi tad-aṅgeṣu ca brahmaivānusyūtaṃ paśyataḥ karma-pravilayam āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ sruv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api ghṛtādikaṃ brahmaiva | brahmaivāgniḥ | tasmin brahmaṇā kartrā hutaṃ homaḥ | agniś ca kartā ca kriyā ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | evaṃ brahmaṇy eva karmātmake samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena brahmaiva gantavyaṃ prāpyam | na tu phalāntaram ity arthaḥ ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kriyamāṇaṃ karma phalam ajanayitvaiva kuto naśyati brahma-bodhe tat-kāraṇocchedād ity āha brahmārpaṇam iti | aneka-kāraka-sādhyā hi yajñādi-kriyā bhavati | devatoddeśena hi dravya-tyāgo yāgaḥ | sa eva tyajyamāna-dravyasyāgnau prakṣepād dhoma ity ucyate | tatroddeśyā devatā sampradānaṃ, tyajyamānaṃ dravyaṃ haviḥ-śabda-vācyaṃ sākṣād-dhātv-artha-karma, tat phalaṃ tu svargādi vyavahitaṃ bhāvanā-karma | evaṃ dhārakatvena haviṣo 'gnau prakṣepe sādhakatamatayā juhvādi karaṇaṃ prakāśakatayā mantrādīti karaṇam api kāraka-jñāpaka-bhedena dvividham | evaṃ tyāgo 'gnau prakṣepaś ca dve kriye | tatrādyāyāṃ yajamānaḥ kartā | prakṣepe tu yajamāna-parikrīto 'dhvaryuḥ prakṣepādhikaraṇaṃ cāgniḥ | evaṃ deśa-kālādikam apy adhikaraṇaṃ sarva-kriyā-sādhāraṇaṃ
draṣṭavyam |
tad evaṃ sarveṣāṃ kriyā-kārakādi-vyavahārāṇāṃ brahma-jñāna-kalpitānāṃ rajjv-ajñāna-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārā-daṇḍādīnāṃ rajju-tattva-jñāneneva brahma-tattva-jñānena bādhe badhitānuvṛttyā kriyākārakādi-vyavhārābhāso dṛśyamāno 'pi dagdha-paṭa-nyāyena na phalāya kalpata ity anena ślokena pratipādyate | brahma-dṛṣṭir eva ca sarva-yajñātmiketi stūyate |
tathā hi - arpyate 'neneti karaṇa-vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ juhvādi mantrādi ca | evam arpyate 'smā iti vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ devatā-rūpaṃ sampradānam | evam arpyate 'sminn iti vyutpattyārpaṇam adhikaraṇaṃ deśa-kālādi | tat sarvaṃ brahmaṇi kalpitatvād brahmaiva rajju-kalpita-bhujaṅgavad adhiṣṭhāna-vyatirekeṇāsad ity arthaḥ | evaṃ havis-tyāga-prakṣepa-kriyayoḥ sākṣāt karma kārakaṃ tad api brahmaiva | evaṃ yatra prakṣipyate 'gnau so 'pi brahmaiva | brahmāgnāv iti samastaṃ padam | tathā yena kartrā yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca tyajyate prakṣipyate ca tad ubhayam api kartṛ-kārakaṃ kartari vihitayā tṛtīyayānūdya brahmeti nidhīyae brahmaṇeti | evaṃ hutam iti havanaṃ tyāga-kriyā prakṣepa-kriyā ca tad api brahmaiva | tathā yena havanena yad gantavyaṃ svargādi vyavahitaṃ karma tad api brahmaiva | atratya eva-kāraḥ sarvatra
sambadhyate | hutam ity atrāpīta eva brahmety anuṣajyate | vyavadhānābhāvāt sākāṅkṣatvāc ca cit-patis tvā punātu ity ādāv acchidreṇetyādi-para-vākya-śeṣavat |
anena rūpeṇa karmaṇi samādhir brahma-jñānaṃ yasya sa karma-samādhis tena brahma-vidā karmānuṣṭhātrāpi brahma paramānandādvayaṃ gantavyam ity anuṣajyate | sākāṅkṣatvād avyavadhānāc ca yā te agne rajāśayety ādau tanūr varṣiṣṭheyādi-pūrva-vākya-śeṣavat |
athavārpyate 'smai phalāyeti vyutpattyārpaṇa-padenaiva svargādi-phalam api grāhyam | tathā ca brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā ity uttarārdhaṃ jñāna-phala-kathanāyaiveti samañjasam | asmin pakṣe brahma-karma-samādhinety ekaṃ vā padam | pūrvaṃ brahma-padaṃ hutam ity anena sambadhyate caramaṃ gantavya-padeneti bhinnaṃ vā padam | evaṃ ca nānuṣaṅga-dvaya-kleśa iti draṣṭavyam | brahma gantavyam ity abhedenaiva tat-prāptir upacārāt | ataeva na svargādi tuccha-phalaṃ tena gantavyaṃ vidyayāvidyaka-kāraka-vyavahārocchedāt | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kṛdbhiḥ -
kāraka-vyavahāre hi śuddhaṃ vastu na vīkṣyate |
śuddhe vastuni siddhe ca kāraka-vyāvṛttiḥ kutaḥ || iti |
arpaṇādi-kāraka-svarupānupamardenaiva tatra nāmādāv iva brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ kṣipyate sampan-mātreṇa phala-viśeṣāyeti keṣāṃcid vyākhyānaṃ bhāṣyakṛdbhir eva nirākṛtam upakramādi-virodhād brahma-vidyā-karaṇe sampan-mātrasyāprasaktatvād ity ādi yuktibhiḥ ||24||
viśvanāthaḥ :. yajñāyācarata ity uktam | sa yajña eva kīdṛśaḥ ? ity apekṣāyām āha brahmeti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ juhv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api brahmaiva | brahmaivāgnāv iti havanādhikaraṇam agnir api brahmaiva | evaṃ vivekatavatā puṃsā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ, na tu phalāntaram | kutaḥ ? brahmātmakaṃ yat karma tatraiva samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena ||24||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ vivikta-jīvātmānusandhi-garbhatayā sva-vihitasya karmaṇo jñānākāratām abhidhāya sāṅgasya tasya parātma-rūpatānusandhinā tad-ākāratām āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenātmaiveti vyutpatter arpaṇaṃ sruvaṃ mantrādhidaivataṃ cendrādi tat tac ca brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ haviś cājyādi tad api brahmaiva | tac ca havir homādhāre 'gnau brahmaṇi yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca brahmaṇā hutaṃ tyaktaṃ prakṣiptaṃ ca | agnir yajamāno 'dhvaryuś ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | brahmāgnāv ity atra ṇi-kāra-lopaś chāndasaḥ | na ca samastaṃ padam iti vācyam | agnau brahma-dṛṣṭer vidheyatvād itthaṃ ca brahma-rūpe sāṅge karmaṇi samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena mumukṣuṇā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ sva-svarūpaṃ para-svarūpaṃ ca labhyam avalokyam ity arthaḥ | vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda ity ādau
jīve brahma-śabdaḥ | vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma ity ādau paramātmani ca brahmārpaṇatvādi-guṇa-yogān nāsya prakaraṇasya paunaruktam | sruv-ādīnāṃ brahmatvaṃ tad-āyatta-vṛttikatvāt tad-vāpyatvāc ca iti vyākhyātāraḥ | tādṛśatayānusandhitaṃ karma-jñānākāraṃ sat tad avalokanāya kalpyate ||24||
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BhG 4.25
daivam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ paryupāsate |
brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṃ yajñenaivopajuhvati ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : etad eva yajñatvena sampāditaṃ sarvatra brahma-darśana-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ sarva-yajñopāya-prāpyatvāt sarva-yajñebhyaḥ śreṣṭham ity evaṃ stotum adhikāri-bhedena jñānopāya-bhūtān bahūn yajñān āha daivam ity ādibhir aṣṭabhiḥ | devā indra-varuṇādaya ijyante yasmin | eva-kāreṇendrādiṣu brahma-buddhi-rāhityaṃ darśitam | taṃ daivam eva yajñam apare karma-yoginaḥ paryupāsate śraddhayānutiṣṭhanti | apare tu jñāna-yogino brahma-rūpe 'gnau apare yajñenaivopāyena brahmārpaṇam ity ādy ukta-prakāreṇa yajñam upajuhvati | yajñādi-sarva-karmāṇi pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ | so 'yaṃ jñāna-yajñaḥ ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā samyag-darśanasya yajña-rūpatvena stāvakatayā brahmārpaṇa-mantre sthite punar api tasya stuty-artham itarāny ajñān upanyasyati daivam iti | devā indrāgny-ādaya ijyante yena sa daivas tam eva yajñaṃ darśa-pūrṇamāsa-jyotiṣṭomādi-rūpam apare yoginaḥ paryupāsate sarvadā kurvanti na jñāna-yajñam | evaṃ karma-yajñam uktvāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvāreṇa tat-phala-bhūtaṃ jñāna-yajñam āha brahmāgnau satya-jñānānantānanda-rūpaṃ nirasta-samasta-viśeṣaṃ brahma tat-padārthas tasminn agnau yajñaṃ pratyag ātmānaṃ tva-padārthaṃ yajñenaiva | yajña-śabda ātma-nāmasu yāskena paṭhitaḥ | itthambhūta-lakṣaṇe tṛtīyā | eva-kāro bhedābheda-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | tvaṃ-padārthābhedenaivopajuhvati tat-svarūpatayā paśyantīty arthaḥ | apare pūrva-vilakṣaṇās tattva-darśana-niṣṭhāḥ
saṃnyāsina ity arthaḥ |
jīva-brahmābheda-darśanaṃ yajñatvena sampādya tat-sādhana-yajña-madhye paṭhyate śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaa ity ādinā stotum ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : yajñāḥ khalu bhedenānye 'pi bahavo vartante | tāṃs tvaṃ śṛṇv ity āha daivam evety aṣṭabhiḥ | devā indra-varuṇādaya ijyante yasmin taṃ daivam iti | indrādiṣu brahma-buddhi-rāhityaṃ darśitam | sāsya devatety aṇ | yoginaḥ karma-yoginaḥ | apare jñāna-yoginas tu brahma paramātmaivāgnis tasmiṃs tat-padārthe yajñaṃ haviḥ-sthānīyaṃ tvaṃ-padārthaṃ jīvaṃ yajñena praṇava-rūpeṇa mantreṇaiva juhvati | ayam eva jñāna-yajño 'gre stoṣyate | atra yajñaṃ yajñena iti śabdau karma-karaṇa-sādhanau prathamātiśayoktyā śuddha-jīva-praṇavāvāhatuḥ ||25||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ brahmānusandhi-garbhatayā ca karmaṇo jñānākāratāṃ nirūpya karma-yoga-bhedān āha daivam iti | daivam indrādi-devārcana-rūpaṃ yajñam apare yoginaḥ paryupāsate tatraiva niṣṭhāṃ kurvanti | apare brahmārpaṇaṃ ity ādi-nyāyena brahma-bhūtāgnāv yajñena sruvādinā yajñaṃ ghṛtādi-havī-rūpaṃ juhvati homa eva niṣṭhāṃ kurvatīty arthaḥ ||25||
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BhG 4.26
śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye saṃyamāgniṣu juhvati |
śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati ||26||
śrīdharaḥ : śrotrādīnīti | anye naiṣṭhikī brahmacāriṇas tat-tad-indriya-saṃyama-rūpeṣv agniṣu śrotrādīni juhvati pravilāpayanti | indriyāṇi nirudhya saṃyama-pradhānās tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | indriyāṇy evāgnayaḥ | teṣu śabdādīn anye gṛhasthā juhvati | viṣaya-bhoga-samaye 'py anāsaktāḥ santo 'gnitvena bhāviteṣv indriyeṣu haviṣṭvena bhāvitān śabdādīn prakṣipantīty arthaḥ ||26||
madhusūdanaḥ : śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye saṃyamāgniṣu juhvati śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati ||26||
viśvanāthaḥ : anye naiṣṭhikāḥ śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi | saṃyamaḥ saṃyataṃ mana evāgnayas teṣu juhvati | śuddhe manasīndriyāṇi pravlāpayantīty arthaḥ | anye tato nyūnā brahmacāriṇaḥ śabdādīn viṣayāni indriyāgniṣv indriyāṇy evāgnayas teṣu juhvati śabdādīnīndriyeṣu pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ ||26||
baladevaḥ : śrotrādīnīty anye naiṣṭhika-brahmacāriṇaḥ saṃyamāgniṣu tat-tad-ndriya-saṃyama-rūpeṣv agniṣu śrotrādīni juhvati tāni nirudhya saṃyama-pradhānās tiṣṭhanti | anye gṛhiṇa indriyāgniṣv agnitvena bhāviteṣu śrotrādiṣu śabdādīn upajuhvati anāsaktyā tān bhuñjānās tāni tat-pravaṇāni kurvanti ||26||
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BhG 4.27
sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare |
ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite ||27||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvāṇīti | apare dhyāna-niṣṭhāḥ | buddhīndriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnāṃ karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanādīni | karmendriyāṇāṃ vāk-pāṇy-ādīnāṃ karmāṇi vacanopādānādīni | prāṇānāṃ ca daśānāṃ karmāṇi | prāṇasya bahir gamanam | apānasyādho-nayanam | vyānasya vyānayanam ākuñcana-prasāraṇādi | samānasyāśitapītādīnāṃ samunnayanam | udānasyordhva-nayanam -
udgāre nāga ākhyātaḥ kūrmas tūnmīlane smṛtaḥ |
kṛkaraḥ kṣut-karo jñeyo devadatto vijṛmbhaṇe |
na jahāti mṛte kvāpi sarvavyāpī dhanaṃjayaḥ || [Gheraṇḍa-saṃhitā 5.64|
ity evaṃ rūpāṇi juhvati | ātmani saṃyamo dhyānaikāgryam | sa eva yogaḥ | sa evāgniḥ | tasmin jñānena dhyeya-viṣayeṇa dīpite prajvalite dhyeyaṃ samyag jñātvā tasmin manaḥ saṃyamya tāni sarvāṇi karmāṇy uparamayantīty arthaḥ ||27||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad ananyatvam ārambhaṇa-śabdādibhyaḥ [Vs. 2.1.14] apare śuddha-tvaṃ-padārtha-vijñāḥ | sarvāṇīndriyāṇi tat-karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanāni sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : apare śuddha-tvaṃ-padārtha-vijñāḥ | sarvāṇīndriyāṇi tat-karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanādīni ca | prāṇa-karmāṇi daśa-prāṇās tat-karmāṇi ca | prāṇasya bahir gamanam | apānasyādho-nayanam | samānasya bhukta-pītādīnāṃ samīkaraṇam | udānasyoccair nayanam | vyānasya viṣvak-nayanam |
udgāre nāga ākhyātaḥ kūrmas tūnmīlane smṛtaḥ |
kṛkaraḥ kṣut-karo jñeyo devadatto vijṛmbhaṇe |
na jahāti mṛte kvāpi sarvavyāpī dhanaṃjayaḥ || [Gheraṇḍa-saṃhitā 5.64|
ity evaṃ daśa-prāṇās tat-karmāṇi | ātmanas tvaṃ-padārthasya saṃyamaḥ śuddhir evāgnis tasmin juhvati | mano-buddhy-ādīndriyāṇi daśa-prāṇāṃś ca pravilāpayanti | ekaḥ pratyag ātmaivāsti, nānye mana ādāya iti bhāvayantīty arthaḥ ||27||
baladevaḥ : sarvāṇīti | apare indriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau ca juhvati | ātmano manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ sa eva yogas tasminn agnitvena bhāvite juhvati | manasā indriyāṇāṃ prāṇānāṃ ca karma-pravaṇatāṃ nivārayituṃ prayatante | indriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnāṃ karmāṇi śabda-grahaṇādīni prāṇa-karmāṇi prāṇasya bahir-gamanaṃ karma, apānasyādhogamanaṃ, vyānasya nikhila-deha-vyāpanam ākuñcana-prasāraṇādi, samānasyāśita-pītādi-samīkaraṇam, udānasyordhva-nayanaṃ cety evaṃ bodhyāni sarvāṇi sāmastyena jñāna-dīpite ātmānusandhānojjvalite ||27||
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BhG 4.28
dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā yoga-yajñās tathāpare |
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : dravya-yajñā ity ādi | dravya-dānam eva yajño yeṣāṃ te dravya-yajñāḥ | kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi tapa eva yajño yeṣāṃ te eva yajño yeṣāṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yogo 'ṣṭāṅga eva yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | svādhyāyena vedena śravaṇa-mananādinā yat tad artha-jñānaṃ tad eva yajño yeṣāṃ te svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ | yad vā veda-pāṭha-yajñās tad-artha-jñāna-yajñāś ceti dvividhāḥ | yatayaḥ prayatna-śīlāḥ | samyak śitaṃ tīkṣṇīkṛtaṃ vrataṃ yeṣāṃ te ||28||
madhusūdanaḥ : dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā yoga-yajñās tathāpare svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ ||28||
viśvanāthaḥ : dravya-dānam eva yajño yeṣāṃ te dravya-yajñāḥ | tapaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādy eva yajño yeṣāṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yogo 'ṣṭāṅga eva yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | svādhyāyo vedasya pāṭhas tad-arthasya jñānaṃ ca yajño yeṣāṃ te | yatayo yatna-parāḥ | sarva ete samyak śitaṃ tīkṣṇīkṛtaṃ vrataṃ yeṣāṃ te ||28||
baladevaḥ : dravyeti | kecit karma-yogino dravya-yajñā annādi-dāna-parāḥ | kecit tapo-yajñāḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-vrata-parāḥ | kecit svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñā vedābhyāsa-parās tad-arthābhyāsa-parāś ca | yatayas tatra prayatna-śīlāḥ | saṃśita-vratās tīkṣṇa-tat-tad-ācaraṇāḥ ||28||
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BhG 4.29
apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare |
prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ ||29||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca apāne iti | apāne 'dho-vṛttau prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttiṃ pūrakeṇa juhvati | pūraka-kāle prāṇam apānenaikīkurvanti | tathā kumbhakena prāṇāpānayor ūrdhvādho-gatī ruddhvā recaka-kāle 'pānaṃ prāṇe juhvati | evaṃ pūraka-kumbhaka-recakaiḥ prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇā apara ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca apara iti | apare tv āhāra-saṅkocam abhyasyantaḥ svayam eva jīryamāṇeṣv indriyeṣu tat-tad-indriya-vṛtti-layaṃ bhāvayantīty arthaḥ |
yad vā - apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpara ity anena pūraka-recakayor āvartamānayor haṃsaḥ so 'ham ity anulomataḥ pratilomataś ca abhivyajyamānenājapā-mantreṇa tat-ttvaṃ-padārthaikyaṃ vyatīhāreṇa bhāvayantīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre -
sa-kāreṇa bahir yāti haṃ-kāreṇa viśet punaḥ |
prāṇas tatra sa evāhaṃ haṃsa ity anucintayet || iti |
prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvety anena tu ślokena prāṇāyāma-yajñā aparaiḥ kathyante | tatrāyam arthaḥ - dvau bhāgau pūrayed annair jalenaikaṃ prapūrayet | pracārārthaṃ caturtham avaśeṣayed iti | evam ādi-vacanokto niyata āhāro yeṣāṃ te | kumbhakena prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ santaḥ prāṇān indriyāṇi prāṇeṣu juhvati | kumbhake hi sarve prāṇā ekībhavantīti tatraiva layamāneṣv indriyeṣu homaṃ bhāvayantīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre -
yathā yathā sadābhyāsān manasaḥ sthiratā bhavet |
vāyu-vāk-kāya-dṛṣṭīnāṃ sthiratā ca tathā tathā || iti ||29||
madhusūdanaḥ : apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ ||29||
viśvanāthaḥ : apare prāṇāyāma-niṣṭhāḥ apāne 'dho-vṛttau prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttaṃ juhvati pūraka-kāle prāṇam apānenaikīkurvanti | tathā recaka-kāle 'pānaṃ prāṇe juhvati | kumbhaka-kāle prāṇāpānayor gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇā bhavanti | apare indriya-jaya-kāmāḥ | niyatāhārā alpāhārāḥ prāṇeṣv āhāra-saṅkocanenaiva jīvyamāneṣu prāṇān indriyāṇi juhvati | indriyāṇāṃ prāṇādhīna-vṛttitvāt prāṇa-daurbalye sati svayam eva sva-sva-viṣaya-grahaṇāsamarthānīndriyāṇi prāṇeṣv evālpīyanta ity arthaḥ ||29||
baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāpāne iti | tathāpare prāṇāyāma- parāyaṇās te tridhā adho-vṛttāv apāne prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttiṃ juhvati | pūrakeṇa prāṇam apānena sahaikīkurvanti | tathā prāṇe 'pānaṃ juhvati recakenāpānaṃ prāṇena sahaikīkṛtya bahir nirgamayanti | yathā prāṇāpānayor gatī śvāsa-praśvāsau kumbhakena ruddhvā vartanta iti | āntarasya vāyor nāsāsyena bahir nirgamaḥ śvāsaḥ prāṇasya gatiḥ | vinirgatasya tasyāntaḥ-praveśaḥ praśvāso 'pānasya gatiḥ | tayor nirodhaḥ kumbhakaḥ sa dvividhaḥ vāyum āpūrya śvāsa-praśvāsayor nirodho 'ntaḥ-kumbhakaḥ | vāyuṃ virecya tayor nirodho bhaiḥ kumbhakaḥ | apare nityatāhārāḥ bhojana-saṅkocaam abhyasyantaḥ prāṇān indriyāṇi prāṇeṣu juhvati | teṣv alpāhāreṇa jīryamāṇeṣu tad-āyatta-vṛttikāni tāni viṣaya-grahaṇākṣamāṇi
taptāyoniṣiktoda-binduvat teṣv eva vilīyante ||29||
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BhG 4.30
apare niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣu juhvati |
sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||30||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evam uktānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ yajña-vidāṃ phalam āha sarve 'pīti | yajñān vindanti labhanta iti yajña-vidaḥ | yajña-jñā iti vā | yajñaiḥ kṣayitaṃ nāśitaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yais te ||30||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam uktānāṃ dvādaśadhā yajña-vidāṃ phalam āha sarve 'pīti | yajñān vidanti jānanti vindanti labhante veti yajña-vido yajñānāṃ jñātāraḥ kartāraś ca | yajñaiḥ pūrvoktaiḥ kṣapitaṃ nāśitaṃ kalmaṣaṃ pāpaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ | yajñān kṛtvāvaśiṣṭe kāle 'nnam amṛta-śabda-vācyaṃ bhuñjata iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ | te sarve 'pi sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa yānti brahma sanātanaṃ nityaṃ saṃsārān mucyanta ity arthaḥ ||30||
viśvanāthaḥ : sarve 'py ete yajña-vida ukta-lakṣaṇān yajñān vindamānāḥ santo jñāna-dvārā brahma yānti | atrānanusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yajñāvaśiṣṭaṃ yad amṛtaṃ bhogaiśvarya-siddhy-ādikaṃ tad bhuñjata iti ||30||
baladevaḥ : ete khalv indirya-vijaya-kāmāḥ sarve 'pīti yajña-vidaḥ | pūrvoktān devādi-yajñān vindamānā tair eva yajñaiḥ kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||30||
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BhG 4.31
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti brahma sanātanam |
nāyaṃ loko 'sty ayajñasya kuto 'nyaḥ kurusattama ||31||
śrīdharaḥ : yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhuja iti | yajñān kṛtvā avaśiṣṭe kāle 'niṣiddham annam amṛta-rūpaṃ bhuñjata iti tathā | te sanātanaṃ nityaṃ brahma jñāna-dvāreṇa prāpnuvanti | tad-akaraṇe doṣam āha nāyam iti | ayam alpa-sukho 'pi manuṣya-loko 'yajñasya yajñānuṣṭhāna-rahitasya nāsti | kuto 'nyo bahu-sukhaḥ para-lokaḥ | ato yajñāḥ sarvathā kartavyā ity arthaḥ ||31||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam anvaye guṇam uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha yejñety ardhena | uktānāṃ yajñānāṃ madhye 'nyatamo 'pi yajño yasya nāsti so 'yajñas tasyāyam alpa-sukho 'pi manuṣya-loko nāsti sarva-nindyatvāt | kuto 'nyo viśiṣṭa-sādhana-sādhyaḥ para-loko he kuru-sattama ||31||
viśvanāthaḥ : tathānusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha brahma yāntīti | tad-akaraṇe pratyavāyam āha nāyam iti | ayam alpa-sukho manuṣa-loko 'pi nāsti | kuto 'nyo devādi-lokas tena prāptavya ity arthaḥ ||31||
baladevaḥ : ananusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yajña-śiṣṭeti | yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yad amṛtam annādi bhogaiśvarya-siddhy-ādi ca tad-bhuñjānāḥ | anusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yāntīti | tat-sādhyena jñānena brahmeti prāgvat ||30||
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BhG 4.32
evaṃ bahu-vidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe |
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase ||32||
śrīdharaḥ : jñāna-yajñaṃ stotum uktān yajñān upasaṃharati evaṃ bahu-vidhā iti | brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe vitatāḥ | vedena sākṣād-vihitā ity arthaḥ | tathāpi tān sarvān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ātma-svarūpa-saṃsparśa-rahitān viddhi jānīhi | ātmanaḥ karmāgocaratvāt | evaṃ jñātvā jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ san saṃsārād vimukto bhaviṣyasi ||32||
madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ tvayā svotprekṣā-mātreṇaivam ucyate na hi veda evātra pramāṇam ity āha evam iti | evaṃ yathoktā bahu-vidhā bahu-prakārā yajñāḥ sarva-vaidika-śreyaḥ-sādhana-rūpā vitatā vistṛtā brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe dvāre veda-dvāreṇaivaite 'vagatā ity arthaḥ | veda-vākyāni tu pratyekaṃ vistara-bhayān nodāhriyante | karmajān kāyika-vācika-mānasa-karmodbhavān viddhi jānīhi tān sarvān yajñān nātmajān | nirvyāpāro hy ātmā na tad-vyāpārā ete kintu nirvyāpāro 'ham udāsīna ity evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase 'smāt saṃsāra-bandhanād iti śeṣaḥ ||32||
viśvanāthaḥ : brahmaṇo vedasya mukhena vedena svamukhenaiva spaṣṭam uktā ity arthaḥ | karmajān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ||32||
baladevaḥ : evam iti | brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe vitatāḥ | viviktātma-prāpty-upāyatayā sva-mukhenaiva tena sphuṭam uktāḥ | karmajān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ity arthaḥ | evaṃ jñātvā tad-upāyatayā tenoktān tān avabudhyānuṣṭhāya tad-utpanna-vijñānenāvalokitātma-dvayaḥ saṃsārād vimokṣyase ||32||
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BhG 4.33
śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa |
sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate ||33||
śrīdharaḥ : karma-yajñāj jñāna-yajñas tu śreṣṭha ity āha śreyān iti | dravya-mayād anātma-vyāpāra-janyād daivādi-yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān śreṣṭhaḥ | yadyapi jñāna-yajñasyāpi mano-vyāpārādhīnatvam asty eva tathāpy ātma-svarūpasya jñānasya manaḥ-pariṇāme 'bhivyakti-mātram | na taj-janyatvam iti dravya-mayād viśeṣaḥ | śreṣṭhatve hetuḥ -- sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ phala-sahitaṃ jñāne parisamāpyate | antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃ ca prajāḥ sādhu kurvantīti śruteḥ ||33||
madhusūdanaḥ : sarveṣāṃ tulyavan nirdeśātma-karma-jñānayoḥ sāmya-prāptāv āha śreyān iti | śreyān praśasyataraḥ sākṣān mokṣa-phalatvāt | dravya-mayāt tad-upalakṣitāj jñāna-śūnyāt sarvasmād api yajñāt saṃsāra-phalāj jñāna-yajña eka eva | he parantapa ! kasmād evam ? yasmāt sarvaṃ karmeṣṭi-paśu-soma-cayana-rūpaṃ śrautam akhilaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ smārtam upāsanādi-rūpaṃ ca yat karma taj-jñāne brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāre samāpyate pratibandha-kṣaya-dvāreṇa paryavasyati | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dāne tapasānāśakena iti dharmena pāpam apanudati iti ca śruteḥ | sarvāpekṣā ca yajñādi-śruter aśvavat [Vs. 3.4.26] iti nyāyāc cety arthaḥ ||33||
viśvanāthaḥ : teṣāṃ madhye brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma-havir iti lakṣaṇād api dravya-mayād yajñād brahmāgnāv ity anenokto jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān | kutaḥ ? jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilam avyarthaṃ sat parisamāpyate samāptībhavati | jñānānantaraṃ karma na tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||33||
baladevaḥ : uktāḥ karma-yogā viviktātmānusandhi-garbhatvād araṇyād iva ubhaya-rūpās teṣu jñāna-rūpaṃ saṃstauti śreyān iti | dvirūpe karmaṇi karma-dravya-bhayād aṃśāj jñāna-mayo 'ṃśaḥ śreyān praśastaraḥ | dravya-mayād ity upalakṣaṇām indirya-saṃyamādīnāṃ teṣāṃ tad-upāyatvāt | etad vivṛṇoti - he pārtha ! jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ sāṅgaṃ parisamāpyate nivṛttim eti phale jāte sādhana-nivṛtter darśanāt ||33||
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BhG 4.34
tad viddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā |
upadekṣyanti te jñānaṃ jñāninas tattva-darśinaḥ ||34||
śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtātma-jñāne sādhanam āha tad iti | tad taj jñānaṃ viddhi jānīhi prāpnuhīty arthaḥ | jñānināṃ praṇipātena daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | tataḥ paripraśnena | kuto 'yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ vā nivarteta ? iti paripraśnena | sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā ca | jñāninaḥ śāstrajñāḥ | tattva-darśino 'parokṣānubhava-sampannāś ca | te tubhyaṃ jñānam upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti ||34||
madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-jñāna-prāptau ko 'tipratyāsanna upāya ity ucyate tad viddhīti | tat-sarva-karma-phala-bhūtaṃ jñānaṃ viddhi labhasva ācāryānabhigamya teṣāṃ praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena ko 'haṃ kathaṃ baddho 'smi kenopāyena mucyeyam ity ādi paripraśnena bahu-viṣayeṇa praśnena | sevayā sarva-bhāvena tad-anukūla-kāritayā | evaṃ bhakti-śraddhātiśaya-pūrvakeṇāvanati-viśeṣeṇābhimukhāḥ santa upadekṣyanty upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti te tubhyaṃ jñānaṃ paramātma-viṣayaṃ sākṣān mokṣa-phalaṃ jñāninaḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇās tattva-darśinaḥ kṛta-sākṣātkārāḥ | sākṣātkāravadbhir upadiṣṭam eva jñānaṃ phala-paryavasāyi na tu tad-rahitaiḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇair apīti bhagavato
matam | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruti-saṃvādi | tatrāpi śrotriyam adhīta-vedaṃ brahma-niṣṭhaṃ kṛta-brahma-sākṣātkāram iti vyākhyānāt | bahu-vacanaṃ cedam ācārya-viṣayam ekasminn api gauravātiśayārthaṃ na tu bahutva-vivakṣayā | ekasmād eva tattva-sākṣātkāravata ācāryāt tattva-jñānodaye satyācāryāntara-gamanasya tad-artham ayogād iti draṣṭavyam ||34||
viśvanāthaḥ : taj-jñāna-prāptaye prakāram āha tad iti | praṇipātena jñānopadeṣṭari gurau daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | bhagavan ! kuto 'yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ nivartiṣyate ? iti paripraśnena ca | sevayā tat-paricaryayā ca | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruteḥ ||34||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ jīva-svarūpa-jñānaṃ tat-sādhanaṃ ca sāṅgam upadiśya para-svarūpopāsana-jñānam upadśan sat-prasaṅga-labhyatvaṃ tasyāha tad iti | yad arthaṃ tad ubhayaṃ mayā tavopadiṣṭaṃ avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādinā tat parātma-sambandhi-jñānaṃ praṇipātādibhiḥ prasāditebhyo jñānibhyaḥ sadbhyas tvam avagata-sva-svarūpo viddhi prāpnuhi | tatra praṇipāto daṇḍavat-praṇatiḥ | sevā bhṛtyavat teṣāṃ paricaryā | paripraśnaḥ tat-svarūpa-tad-guṇa-tad-vibhūti-viṣayako vividhaḥ praśnaḥ |
nanūdāsīnās te na vakṣyantīti cet tatrāha upeti | te jñānino 'dhigata-svarūpātmānaḥ praṇipātādinā taj-jijñāsutām ālakṣya te tubhyaṃ tādṛśāya tat-sambandhi jñānam upadekṣyanti tattva-darśinas taj-jñāna-pracārakāḥ kāruṇikā iti yāvat |
nanv atra tad iti jīva-jñānaṃ vācyaṃ prakṛtatvād iti cen, na | na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ [Gītā 2.12], yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61], ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā [Gītā 4.6] ity ādinā parātmano 'py aprākṛtatvāt | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ - anyārthaś ca parāmarśaḥ [Vs. 1.3.20] iti | anyathā śruti-sūtrārtha-saṃvādino 'grimasya jñāna-mahimno virodhaḥ syād uktam eva suṣṭhu ||34||
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BhG 4.35
yaj jñātvā na punar moham evaṃ yāsyasi pāṇḍava |
yena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa drakṣyasy ātmany atho mayi ||35||
śrīdharaḥ : jñāna-phalam āha yaj jñātveti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā prāpya punar bandhu-vadhādi-nimittaṃ moham na prāpsyasi | tatra hetuḥ - yena jñānena bhūtāni pitāputrādīni svāvidyā-vijṛmbhitāni svātmany evābhedena drakṣyasi | atho anantaram ātmānaṃ mayi paramātmany abhedena drakṣyasīty arthaḥ ||35||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam atinirbandhena jñānotpādane kiṃsyāt ata āha yaj jñātveti | yat pūrvoktaṃ jñānam ācāryair upadiṣṭaṃ jñātvā prāpya | odana-pākaṃ pacatītivat tasyaiva dhātoḥ | sāmānya-vivakṣayā prayogaḥ | na punar moham evaṃ bandhu-vadhādi-nimittaṃ bhramaṃ yāsyasi | he parantapa !
kasmād evaṃ yasmād eva jñānena bhūtāni pitṛ-putrādīni aśeṣeṇa brahmādi-stamba-paryantāni svāvidyā-vijṛmbhitāni ātmani tvayi tvaṃ-padārthe 'tho api mayi bhagavati vāsudeve tat-padārthe paramārthato bheda-rahite 'dhiṣṭhāna-bhūte drakṣyasy abhedenaiva | adhiṣṭhānātirekeṇa kalpitasyābhāvāt | māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam ātmatvena sākṣātkṛtya sarvājñāna-nāśe tat-kāryāṇi bhūtāni na sthāsyantīti bhāvaḥ ||35||
viśvanāthaḥ : jñānasya phalam āha yaj jñātveti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yaj jñānaṃ dehād atiikta evātmeti lakṣaṇaṃ jñātvaivaṃ moham antaḥ-karaṇa-dharmaṃ na prāpsyasi | yena ca moha-vigamena svābhāvika-nitya-siddhātma-jñāna-lābhād aśeṣāṇi bhūtāni manuṣya-tiryag-ādīny ātmani jīvātmany upādhitvena sthitāni pṛthag drakṣyasi | atho mayi parama-kāraṇe ca kāryatvena sthitāni drakṣyasi ||35||
baladevaḥ : ukta-jñāna-phalam āha yad iti | yaj-jīva-jñāna-pūrvakaṃ paramātma-sambandhi-jñānaṃ jñātvopalabhya punar evaṃ bandhu-vadhādi-hetukaṃ mohaṃ na yāsyasi | kathaṃ na yāsyāmītiy atrāha yeneti | yena jñānena bhūtāni deva-mānavādi-śarīrāṇi aśeṣeṇa sāmastyena sarvāṇīty arthaḥ | ātmani sva-svarūpe upādhitvena sthitāni tāni pṛthag drakṣyasi | atho mayi sarveśvare sarva-hetau kāryatvena sthitāni tāni drakṣyasīti | etad uktaṃ bhavati - deha-dvaya-viviktā jīvātmānas teṣāṃ hari-vimukhānāṃ hari-māyayaiva deheṣu daihikteṣu ca mamatvāni racitāni | hantṛ-hantavya-bhāvāvabhāsaś ca tayaiva | śuddha-svarūpāṇāṃ na tat-tat-sambaddhaḥ | paramātmā khalu sarveśvaraḥ svāśritānāṃ jīvānāṃ tat-tat-karmānuguṇatayā tat-tad-dehendriyāṇi tat-tad-deha-yātrāṃ lokāntareṣu
tat-tat-sukha-bhogāṃś ca sampādayaty upāsitas tu muktim ity eva jñānino na mohāvakāśa iti ||35||
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BhG 4.36
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛttamaḥ |
sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi ||36||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca api ced iti | sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kāribhyo yadyapy atiśayena pāpa-kārī tvam asi, tathāpi sarvaṃ pāpa-samudraṃ jñāna-plavenaiva jñāna-potenaiva samyag-anāyāsena tariṣyasi ||36||
madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca śṛṇu jñānasya māhātmyam api ced iti | api ced ity asambhāvitābhyupagama-pradarśanārthau nipātau | yadyapy ayam artho na sambhavaty eva, tathāpi jñāna-phala-kathanāyābhyupetyocyate | yadyapi tvaṃ pāpa-kāribhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'py atiśayena pāpa-kārī pāpa-kṛttamaḥ syās tathāpi sarvaṃ vṛjinaṃ pāpam atidustaratvenārṇava-sadṛśaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva nānyena jñānam eva plavaṃ potaṃ kṛtvā santariṣyasi samyag anāyāsena punar āvṛtti-varjitatvena ca tariṣyasi atikramiṣyasi | vṛjina-śabdenātra dharmādharma-rūpaṃ karma saṃsāra-phalam abhipretaṃ mumukṣoḥ pāpavat puṇyasyāpy aniṣṭatvāt ||36||
viśvanāthaḥ : jñānasya māhātmyam āha api ced iti | pāpibhyaḥ pāpa-kṛdbhyo 'pi sakāśād yadyapy atiśayena pāpakārī tvam asi, tathāpi atraitāvat pāpa-sattve katham antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiḥ ? tad-abhāve ca kathaṃ jñānotpattiḥ ? nāpy utpanna-jñānasyaitad durācāratvaṃ sambhaved ato 'tra vyākhyā śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādānām - api ced ity asambhāvitābhyupagama-pradarśanārthau nipātau | yadyapy ayam artho na sambhavaty eva, tathāpi jñāna-phala-kathanāyābhyupetyocyate ity eṣā ||36||
baladevaḥ : jñāna-prabhāvam āha api ced iti | yadyapi sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kartṛbhyas tvam atiśayena pāpa-kṛd asi, tathāpi sarvaṃ vṛjinaṃ nikhilaṃ pāpaṃ dustaratvenārṇava-tulyam ukta-lakṣaṇa-jñāna-plavena santariṣyasi ||36||
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BhG 4.37
yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute 'rjuna |
jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā ||37||
śrīdharaḥ : samudravat sthitasyaiva pāpasyātilaṅghana-mātraṃ, na tu pāpasya nāśaḥ | iti bhrāntiṃ dṛṣṭāntena vārayann āha yathaidhāṃsīti | edhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni pradīpto 'gnir yathā bhasmībhāvaṃ nayati tathātma-jñānam āpanno mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatātmani vindati labhata ity arthaḥ ||37||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu samudravat taraṇe karmaṇāṃ nāśo na syād ity āśaṅkya dṛṣṭāntaram āha yathaidhāṃsīti | yathaidhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ prajvalito 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute bhasmībhāvaṃ nayati he 'rjuna jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi pāpāni puṇyāni cāviśeṣeṇa prārabdha-phala-bhinnāni bhasmasāt kurute tathā tat-kāraṇājñāna-vināśena vināśayatīty arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
bhidyate hṛdaya-granthiś chidyante sarvasaṃśayāḥ |
kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi tasmin dṛṣṭe parāvare || [MuṇḍU 2.2.8] iti |
tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt | itarasyāpy evam asaṃśleṣaḥ pāte tu [Vs. 4.1.13-14] iti ca sūtre | anārabdhe puṇya-pāpe naśyata evety atra sūtram anārabdha-kārya eva tu pūrve tad-avadheḥ [Vs. 4.1.15] iti | jñānotpādaka-dehārambhakāṇāṃ tu tad-dehānta eva vināśaḥ | tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ yāvan na vimokṣye [ChāndU 6.14.2] iti śruteḥ | bhogena tv itare kṣapayitvā sampadyate [Vs. 4.1.19] iti sūtrāc ca | ādhikārikāṇāṃ tu yāny eva jñānotpādaka-dehārambhakāṇi tāny eva dehāntarārambhakāṇy api | yathā vasiṣṭāpāntara-tamaḥ-prabhṛtīnām | tathā ca sūtraṃ yāvad-adhikāram avasthitir ādhikārikāṇām [Vs. 3.3.32] iti | adhikāro 'neka-dehārambhakaṃ balavat-prārabdha-phalaṃ karma | tac copāsakānām eva nānyeṣāṃ | anārabdha-phalāni naśyanti ārabdha-phalāni tu
yāvad-bhoga-samāpti tiṣṭhanti | bhogaś caikena dehenānekena veti na viśeṣaḥ | vistaras tv ākara draṣṭavyaḥ ||37||
viśvanāthaḥ : śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasyotpannaṃ tu prārabdha-bhinnaṃ karma-mātraṃ vināśayatīti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | samiddhaḥ prajvalitaḥ ||37||
baladevaḥ : brahma-vidyayā pāpa-karmāṇi naśyantīty uktam | idānīṃ puṇya-karmāṇy api naśyantīty āha yatheti | edhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ prajvalito 'gnir yathā bhasmasāt kurute, tathā jñānāgniḥ sva-parātmānubhava-vahniḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi puṇyāni pāpāni ca prārabdhetarāṇi bhasmasāt kurute | tatra sañcitāni prārabdhetarāṇīpīkatulavan nirdahati kriyamāṇāni padma-patrāmbu-binduvad viśeṣayati prārabdhāni tu tat-prabhāvenātijīrṇāny api sat-patha-pracārārthayā harer icchayaivātmānubhaviny avasthāpayatīti | śrutiś ca -ubhe uhaivaiṣa ete taraty amṛtaḥ sādhvasādhunī iti | eṣa brahmānubhavī ubhe saṃcitya kriyamāṇe ete sādhvasādhunī puṇya-pāpe karmaṇī tarati krāmatīty arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt
[Vs. 4.1.13] ity ādibhiḥ ||37||
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BhG 4.38
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate |
tat svayaṃ yoga-saṃsiddhaḥ kālenātmani vindati ||38||
śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha na hīti | pavitraṃ śuddhi-karam | iha tapo-yogādiṣu madhye jñāna-tulyaṃ nāsty eva | tarhi sarve 'pi kim ity ātma-jñānam eva nābhyasanta iti ? ata āha tat svayam iti sārdhena | tad ātmani viṣaye jñānaṃ kālena mahatā karma-yogena saṃsiddho yogyatāṃ prāptaḥ san svayam evānāyāsena labhate | na tu karma-yogaṃ vinety arthaḥ ||38||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt na hīti | na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam anyad iha vede loka-vyavahāre vā vidyate, jñāna-bhinnasya ajñānānivartakatvena samūla-pāpa-nivartakatvābhāvāt kāraṇa-sad-bhāvena punaḥ pāpodayāc ca | jñānena tv ajñāna-nivṛttyā samūla-pāpa-nivṛttir iti tat-samam anyac ca vidyate |
tad ātma-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ kim iti jhaṭiti notpadyate ? tatrāha taj jñānaṃ kālena mahatā yoga-saṃsiddho yogena pūrvokta-karma-yogena saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ svayam ātmany antaḥ-karaṇe vindati labhate na tu yogayatām āpanno 'nya-dattaṃ sva-niṣṭhatayā na vā para-niṣṭhaṃ svīyatayā vindatīty arthaḥ ||38||
viśvanāthaḥ : iha tapo-yogādi-yukteṣu madhye jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ kim api nāsti | taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabham | kintu yogena niṣkāma-karma-yogena samyak siddha eva, na tv aparipakvaḥ | so 'pi kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ prāptaṃ vindati | na tu sannyāsa-grahaṇa-mātreṇaiveti bhāvaḥ ||38||
baladevaḥ : na hīti | hi yato jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ śuddhi-karaṃ tapas tīrthāṭanādikaṃ nāsti | atas tat sarva-pāpa-nāśakaṃ taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabhaṃ, kintu yogena niṣkāma-karmaṇā saṃsiddhaḥ paripakva eva kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ labdhaṃ vindati | na tu pārivrājya-grahaṇa-mātreṇeti ||38||
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BhG 4.39
śraddhāvāṃl labhate jñānaṃ tatparaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ |
jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntim acireṇādhigacchati ||39||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca śraddhāvān iti | śraddhāvān gurūpadiṣṭe 'rthe āstikya-buddhimān | tat-paras tad-eka-niṣṭhaḥ | saṃyatendriyaś ca | taj jñānaṃ labhate | nānyaḥ | ataḥ śraddhādi-sampattyā jñāna-lābhāt prāk karma-yoga eva śuddhy-artham anuṣṭheyaḥ | jñāna-lābhānantaraṃ tu na tasya kiṃcit kartavyam ity āha jñānaṃ labdhvā tu mokṣam acireṇa prāpnoti ||39||
madhusūdanaḥ : yenaikāntena jñāna-prāptir bhavati sa upāyaḥ pūrvokta-praṇipātādy-apekṣayāpy āsannatara ucyate śraddhāvān iti | guru-vedānta-vākyeṣv idam ittham veti pramā-rūpāstikya-buddhiḥ śraddhā tadvān puruṣo labhate jñānam | etādṛśo 'pi kaścid alasaḥ syāt tatrāha tat-paraḥ | gurūpāsanādau jñānopāye 'tyantābhiyuktaḥ | śraddhāvāṃs tat-paro 'pi kaścid ajitendriyaḥ syād ata āha saṃyatendriyaḥ | saṃyatāni viṣayebhyo nivartitānīndriyāṇi yena sa saṃyatendriyaḥ | ya evaṃ viśeṣaṇa-traya-yuktaḥ so 'vaśyaṃ jñānaṃ labhate | praṇipātādis tu bāhyo māyāvitvādi-sambhavād anaikāntiko 'pi | śraddhāvattvādis tv aikāntika upāya ity arthaḥ |
īdṛśenopāyena jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ caramāṃ śāntim avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛtti-rūpāṃ muktim acireṇa tad-avyavadhānenaivādhigacchati labhate | yathā hi dīpaḥ svotpatti-mātreṇaivāndhakāra-nivṛttiṃ karoti na tu kaṃcit sahakāriṇam apekṣate tathā jñānam api svotpatti-mātreṇaivājñāna-nivṛttiṃ karoti na tu kiṃcit prasaṅkhyānādikam apekṣata iti bhāvaḥ ||39||
viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi kīdṛśaḥ san kadā prāpnotīty ata āha śraddhāvān iti | śraddhā niṣkāma-karmaṇaivāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhyaiva jñānaṃ syād iti śāstrārthaṃ āstikya-buddhis tadvān eva | tat-paras tad-anuṣṭhāna-niṣṭhas tādṛśo 'pi yadā saṃyatendriyaḥ syāt tadā parāṃ śāntim saṃsāra-nāśam ||39||
baladevaḥ : kīdṛśaḥ san kadā vindatīty āha śraddhāvān iti | niṣkāmena karmaṇā hṛd-viśuddhau jñānaṃ syād iti | dṛḍha-viśvāsaḥ śraddhā tadvān | tat-paras tad-anuṣṭhāna-niṣṭhas tādṛg api yadā saṃyatendriyas tadā parāṃ śāntim muktim ||39||
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BhG 4.40
ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca saṃśayātmā vinaśyati |
nāyaṃ loko 'sti na paro na sukhaṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ ||40||
śrīdharaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇam uktvā tad-viparītam anadhikāriṇam āha ajñaś ceti | ajño gurūpadiṣṭārthānabhijñaḥ | kathaṃcij jñāne jāte 'pi tatrāśraddadhānaś ca | jātāyām api śraddhāyāṃ mamedaṃ siddhen na veti aṃśayākrānta-cittaś ca vinaśyate | svārthād bhraśyati | eteṣu triṣv api saṃśayātmā sarvathā naśyati | yatas tasyāyaṃ loko nāsti dhanārjana-vivāhādy-asiddheḥ | na ca para-loko dharmasyāniṣpatteḥ | na ca sukhaṃ saṃśayenaaiva bhogasyāpy asambhavāt ||40||
madhusūdanaḥ : atra ca saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ, kasmāt ? ajña iti | ajño 'nadhīta-śāstratvenātma-jñāna-śūnyaḥ | guru-vedānta-vākyārtha idam evaṃ na bhavaty eveti viparyaya-rūpā nāstikya-buddhir aśraddhā tadvān aśraddadhānaḥ | idam evaṃ bhavati na veti sarvatra saṃśayākrānta-cittaḥ saṃśayātmā vinaśyati svārthād bhraṣṭo bhavati | ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca vinaśyatīti saṃśayātmāpekṣayā nyūnatva-kathanārthaṃ cakārābhyāṃ tayoḥ prayogaḥ | kutaḥ ? saṃśayātmā hi sarvataḥ pāpīyān yato nāyaṃ manuṣya-loko 'sti vittārjanādy-abhāvāt, na paro lokaḥ svarga-mokṣādi-dharma-jñānādy-abhāvāt | na sukhaṃ bhojanādi-kṛtaṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ sarvatra sandehākrānta-cittasya | ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca paro loko nāsti manuṣya-loko bhojanādi-sukhaṃ ca vartate | saṃśayātmā
tu tritaya-hīnatvena sarvataḥ pāpīyān ity arthaḥ ||40||
viśvanāthaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇam uktvā tad-viparītādhikāriṇam āha ajñaś ceti | ajñaḥ paśv-ādivan mūḍhaḥ | aśraddadhānaḥ śāstra-jñānavattve 'pi nānā-vādināṃ paraspara-vipratipattiṃ dṛṣṭvā na kvāpi viśvastaḥ | śraddhāvattve 'pi saṃśayātmā mamaitat sidhyen na veti sandehākrānt-matiḥ | teṣv api madhye saṃśayātmānaṃ viśeṣato nindati nāyam iti ||40||
baladevaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇaṃ tat-phalaṃ cābhidhāya tad-viparītaṃ tat-phalaṃ cāha ajñaś ceti | ajñaḥ paśv-ādivac chāstra-jñāna-hīnaḥ | aśraddadhānaḥ śāstra-jñāne saty api vivādi-pratipattibhir na kvāpi viśvastaḥ, śraddadhānatve 'pi saṃśayātmā mamaitat siddhyen na veti sandihāna-manā vinaśyati svārthād vicyavate | teṣv api madhye saṃśayātmānaṃ vinindati nāyam iti | ayaṃ prākṛto lokaḥ paro 'prākṛtaḥ saṃśayātmanaḥ kiṃcid api sukhaṃ nāsti | śāstrīya-karma-janyaṃ hi sukhaṃ, tac ca karma viviktātma-jñāna-pūrvakam | tatra sandihānasya kutas tad ity arthaḥ ||40||
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BhG 4.41
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayam |
ātmavantaṃ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanañjaya ||41||
śrīdharaḥ : adhyāya-dvayoktāṃ pūrvāpara-bhūmikā-bhedena karma-jñāna-mayīṃ dvividhāṃ brahma-niṣṭhām upasaṃharati yogeti dvābhyām | yogena parameśvarārādhana-rūpeṇa tasmin saṃnyastāni karmāṇi yena taṃ karmāṇi sva-phalair na nibadhnanti | tataś ca jñānena ātma-bodhena kartrā saṃchinnaḥ saṃsāro dehādy-atimāna-lakṣaṇo yasya tam ātmavantam apramādinaṃ karmāṇi loka-saṅgrahārthāni svātāvikāni vā na nibadhnanti ||41||
madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśaysya sarvānartha-mūlasya saṃśayasya nirākaraṇāyātma-niścayam upāyaṃ vadann adhyāya-dvayoktāṃ pūrvāpara-bhūmikā-bhedena karma-jñāna-mayīṃ dvividhāṃ brahma-niṣṭhām upasaṃharati yogeti dvābhyām | yogena bhagavad-ārādhana-lakṣaṇa-samatva-buddhi-rūpeṇa saṃnyastāni bhagavati samarpitāni karmāṇi yena | yad vā paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇena yogena saṃnyastāni tyaktāni karmāṇi yena taṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇam | saṃśaye sati kathaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmatvam ata āha jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaṃ jñānenātma-niścaya-lakṣaṇena cchinnaḥ saṃśayo yena tam | viṣaya-para-vaśatva-svarūpa-prasāde sati kuto jñānotpattir ity ata āha ātmavantam apramādinaṃ sarvadā sāvadhānam | etādṛśam apramāditvena jñānavantaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayatvena
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ karmāṇi loka-saṅgrahārthāni vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpāṇi vā na nibadhnanti aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ vā śarīraṃ nārabhante he dhanaṃjaya ||41||
viśvanāthaḥ : naiṣkarmyaṃ tv etādṛśasya syād ity āha yogān niṣkāma-karma-yogānantaram eva saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ saṃnyāsena tyakta-karmāṇam | tataś ca jñānābhyāsānantaraṃ chinna-saṃśayam | ātmavantaṃ prāpta-pratyag-ātmānaṃ karmāṇi na nibadhnanti ||41||
baladevaḥ : īdṛśasya naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ syād ity āha yogeti | yogena yoga-sthaḥ kuru karmāṇi ity atroktena saṃnyastāni jñānākāratāpannāni karmāṇi yasya tam | mad-upadiṣṭena jñānena chinna-saṃśayo yasya tam | ātmavantam avalokitātmānaṃ karmāṇi na nibadhnanti | teṣāṃ jñānena vigamāt ||42||
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BhG 4.42
tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ |
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata ||42||
śrīdharaḥ : tasmād iti | yasmād evaṃ tasmād ātmano 'jñānena saṃbhūtaṃ hṛdi-sthitam enaṃ saṃśayaṃ śokādi-nimittaṃ dehātma-viveka-khaḍgena chittvā paramātma-jñānopāya-bhūtaṃ karma-yogam ātiṣṭhāśraya | tatra ca prathamaṃ prastutāya yuddhāyottiṣṭha | he bhārateti kṣatriyatvena yuddhasya dharmatvaṃ darśitam ||42||
pum-avasthādi-bhedena karma-jñāna-mayī dvidhā |
niṣṭhoktā yena taṃ vande śauriṃ saṃśaya-saṃchidam ||
iti śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
jñāna-yogo nāma caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata ||42||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām jñāna-yogo nāma
caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati tasmād iti | hṛt-sthaṃ hṛd-gataṃ saṃśayaṃ chittvā yogaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam ātiṣṭhāśraya | uttiṣṭha yuddhaṃ kartum iti bhāvaḥ ||42||
ukteṣu mukty-upāyeṣu jñānam atra praśasyate |
jñānopāyaṃ tu karmaivety adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-darśinyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsv ayaṃ caturtho hi saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||4||
baladevaḥ : tasmād iti | hṛt-sthaṃ hṛd-gatam ātma-viṣayakaṃ saṃśayaṃ mad-upadiṣṭena jñānāsinā chittvā yogaṃ niṣkāmaṃ karma mayopadiṣṭam ātiṣṭha | tad-artham uttiṣṭheti ||42||
dvy-aṃśakaṃ dhānyavat karma tuṣāṃśād iva taṇḍulaḥ |
śreṣṭhaṃ dravyāṃśato jñānam iti turyasya nirṇayaḥ ||4||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ
||4||
caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ - brahmārpaṇa-yogaḥ