Bhagavadgita 3
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
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BhG 3.1
arjuna uvāca
jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana |
tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava || 1 ||
śrīdharaḥ :
sāṅkhye yoge ca vaiṣamyaṃ matvā mugdhāya jiṣṇave |
tayor bheda-nirāsāya karma-yoge udīryate ||
evaṃ tāvad aśocyān anvaśocas tvam [Gītā 2.11] ity ādinā prathamaṃ mokṣa-sādhanatvena dehātma-viveka-buddhir uktā | tad-anantaram eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu [Gītā 2.39] ity ādinā karma coktam | na ca tayor guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvaḥ spaṣṭaṃ darśitaḥ | tatra buddhi-yuktasya sthita-prajñasya niṣkāmatva-niyatendriyatva-nirahaṅkāratvādy-abhidhānād eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsam upasaṃhārāc ca buddhi-karmaṇor madhye buddheḥ śreṣṭhatvaṃ bhagavato 'bhipretaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca jyāyasī ced iti | karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt mokṣāntaraṅgatvena buddhir jyāyasī adhikatarā śreṣṭhā cet tava saṃmatā tarhi kim arthaṃ tasmād yudhyasveti tasmād uttiṣṭeti ca vāraṃ vāraṃ vadan ghore hiṃsātmake karmaṇi māṃ niyojayasi pravartayasi
||1||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tāvat prathamenādhyāyenopodghātito dvitīyenādhyāyena kṛtsnaḥ śāstrārthaḥ sūtritaḥ | tathā hi-ādau niṣkāma-karma-niṣṭhā | tato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiḥ | tataḥ śama-damādi-sādhana-puraḥsaraḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ | tato vedānta-vākya-vicāra-sahitā bhagavad-bhakti-niṣṭhā | tatas tattva-jñāna-niṣṭhā tasyāḥ phalaṃ ca triguṇātmakāvidyā-nivṛttyā jīvan-muktiḥ prārabdha-karma-phala-bhoga-paryantaṃ tad-ante ca videha-muktiḥ | jīvan-mukti-daśāyāṃ ca parama-puruṣārthālambanena para-vairāgya-prāptir daiva-sampad-ākhyā ca śubha-vāsanā tad-upakāriṇy-ādeyā | āsura-sampadas tu rājasī tāmasī ceti heyopādeya-vibhāgena kṛtsna-śāstrārtha-parisamāptiḥ |
tatra yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi [Gītā 2.48] ityādinā sūtritā sattva-śuddhi-sādhana-bhūtā niṣkāma-karma-niṣṭhā sāmānya-viśeṣa-rūpeṇa tṛtīya-caturthābhyāṃ prapañcyate | tataḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya śama-damādi-sādhana-sampatti-puraḥsarā vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān [Gītā 2.71] ity ādinā sūtritā sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-niṣṭhā saṅkṣepa-vistara-rūpeṇa pañcama-ṣaṣṭhābhyām | etāvatā ca tvaṃ-padārtho 'pi nirūpitaḥ | tato vedānta-vākya-vicāra-sahitā yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā sūtritāneka-prakārā bhagavad-bhakti-niṣṭhādhyāya-ṣaṭkena pratipādyate | tāvatā ca tat-padārtho 'pi nirūpitaḥ | praty adhyāyaṃ cāvāntara-saṅgatim avāntara-prayojana-bhedaṃ ca tatra tatra pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | tatas tattvaṃ-padārthaikya-jñāna-rūpā vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ
[Gītā 2.21] ity ādinā sūtritā tattva-jñāna-niṣṭhā trayodaśe prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-dvārā prapañcitā | jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ ca phalaṃ traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna [Gītā 2.45] ity ādinā sūtritā traiguṇya-nivṛttiś caturdaśe saiva jīvan-muktir iti guṇātīta-lakṣaṇa-kathanena prapañcitā | tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ [Gītā 2.52] ity ādinā sūtritā para-vairāgya-niṣṭhā saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-ccheda-dvāreṇa pañca-daśe | duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ [Gītā 2.56] ity ādinā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇena sūtritā para-vairāgyopakāriṇī daivī sampad ādeyā yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ [Gītā 2.42] ity ādinā sūtritā tad-virodhiny āsurī sampac ca heyā ṣoḍaśe | daiva-sampado 'sādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ ca sāttvikī śraddhā nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho [Gītā 2.45] ity ādinā sūtritā
tad-virodhi-parihāreṇa saptadaśe | evaṃ saphalā jñāna-niṣṭhādhyāya-pañcakena pratipāditā | aṣṭādaśena ca pūrvokta-sarvopasaṃhāra iti kṛtsna-gītārtha-saṅgatiḥ |
tatra pūrvādhyāye sāṅkhya-buddhim āśritya jñāna-niṣṭhā bhagavatoktā eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiḥ [Gītā 2.39] iti | tathā yoga-buddhim āśritya karma-niṣṭhoktā yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu ity ārabhya karmaṇy evādhikāras te ... mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi [Gītā 2.47] ity antena | na cānayor niṣṭhayor adhikāri-bhedaḥ spaṣṭam upadiṣṭo bhagavatā | na caikādhikārikatvam evobhayoḥ samuccayasya vivakṣitatvād iti vācyam | dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karam buddhi-yogād dhanañjaya [Gītā 2.49] iti karma-niṣṭhāyā buddhi-niṣṭhāpekṣayā nikṛṣṭatvābhidhānāt | yāvān artha udapāne [Gītā 2.46] ity atra ca jñāna-phale sarva-karma-phalāntarbhāvasya darśitatvāt | sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇam uktvā ca eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsam jñāna-phalopasaṃhārāt | yā niśā
sarva-bhūtānāṃ [Gītā 2.69] ity ādau jñānino dvaita-darśanābhāvena karmānuṣṭhānāsambhavasya coktatvāt | avidyā-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇe mokṣa-phale jñāna-mātrasyaiva lokānusāreṇa sādhanatva-kalpanāt | tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nayanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śruteś ca |
nanu tarhi tejas-timirayor iva virodhinor jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavād bhinnādhikārikatvam evāstu | satyam | naivaṃ sambhavati ekam arjunaṃ prati tūbhayopadeśo na yuktaḥ | nahi karmādhikāriṇaṃ prati jñāna-niṣṭhopadeṣṭum ucitā na vā jñānādhikāriṇaṃ prati karma-niṣṭhā | ekam eva prati vikalpenobhayopadeśa iti cet, na | utkṛṣṭa-nikṛṣṭayor vikalpānupapatteḥ | avidyā-nivṛtty-upalakṣitātma-svarūpe mokṣe tāratamyāsambhavāc ca | tasmāj jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor bhinnādhikārikatve ekaṃ pratyupadeśāyogād ekādhikārikatve ca viruddhayoḥ samuccayāsambhavāt karmāpekṣayā jñāna-praśastyānupapatteś ca vikalpābhyupagame cotkṛṣṭam anāyāsa-sādhyaṃ jñānaṃ vihāya nikṛṣṭam anekāyāsa-bahulaṃ karmānuṣṭhātum ayogyam iti matvā paryākulībhūta-buddhir
arjuna uvāca jyāyasī ced iti |
he janārdana ! sarvair janair ardyate yācyate svābhilaṣita-siddhaya iti tvaṃ tathābhūto mayāpi śreyo 'niścayārthaṃ yācyasa iti naivānucitam iti sambodhanābhiprāyaḥ | karmaṇo niṣkāmād api buddhir ātma-tattva-viṣayā jyāyasī praśastatarā ced yadi te tava matā tat tadā kiṃ karmaṇi ghore hiṃsādy-anekāyāsa-bahule mām atibhaktaṃ niyojayasi karmaṇy evādhikāras ta ity ādinā viśeṣeṇa prerayasi | he keśava sarveśvara | sarveśvarasya sarveṣṭa-dāyinas tava māṃ bhaktaṃ śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi mām ity ādinā tvad-eka-śaraṇatayopasannaṃ prati pratāraṇā noicitety abhiprāyaḥ ||1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
niṣkāmam arpitaṃ karma tṛtīye tu prapañcyate |
kāma-krodha-jigīṣāyāṃ viveko 'pi pradarśyate ||
pūrva-vākyeṣu jñāna-yogān niṣkāma-karma-yogāc ca nistraiguṇya-prāpakasya guṇātīta-bhakti-yogasya utkarṣam ākalayya tatraiva svautsukyam abhivyañjan sva-dharme saṃgrāme pravartakaṃ bhagavantaṃ sakhya-bhāvenopālabhate | jyāyasī śreṣṭhā buddhir vyavasāyātmikā guṇātītā bhaktir ity arthaḥ | ghore yuddha-rūpe karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi pravartayasi | he janārdana janān svajanān svājñayā pīḍayasīty arthaḥ | na ca tavājñā kenāpi anyathā kartuṃ śakyata ity āha | he keśava ko brahmā īśo mahādevaḥ | tāv api vayase vaśīkaroṣi ||1||
baladevaḥ :
tṛtīye karma-niṣkāmaṃ vistareṇopavarṇitam |
kāmāder vijayopāyo durjayasyāpi darśitaḥ ||
pūrvatra kṛpāluḥ pārthasārathir ajñāna-kardama-nimagnaṃ jagat svātma-jñānopāsanopadeśena samuddidhīrṣus tad-aṅga-bhūtāṃ jīvātma-yāthātmya-buddhim upadiśya tad-upāyatayā niṣkāmakam abuddhim upadiṣṭavān | ayam evārtho viniścayāya caturbhir adhyāyair vidhāntarair varṇyate | tatra karma-buddhi-niṣpādyatvāj jīvātma-buddheḥ śreṣṭhaṃ sthitam | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati jyāyasīti | karmaṇā niṣkāmād api cet tava tat-sādhyatvāt jīvātma-buddhir jyāyasī śreṣṭhā matā | tarhi tat-siddhaye māṃ ghore hiṃsādy-anekāyāse karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi tasmād yuddhasvety ādinā kathaṃ prerayasi | ātmānubhava-hetu-bhūtā khalu sā buddhir nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-virati-sādhyā tad-arthaṃ tat-svajātīyāḥ śamādaya eva yujyeran na tu sarvendriya-vyāpāra-rūpāṇi tad-vijātīyāni karmāṇīti
bhāvaḥ | he janārdana śreyo 'rthi-jana-yācanīya, he keśava vidhi-rudra-vaśa-kārin |
ka iti brahmaṇo nāma īśo 'haṃ sarva-dehinām |
āvāṃ tavāṅga-sambhūtau tasmāt keśava-nāma-bhāg ||
iti hari-vaṃśe kṛṣṇaṃ prati rudroktiḥ | durlaṅghyājñas tvaṃ śreyo 'rthinā mayābhyarthito mama śreyo niścitya brūhīti bhāvaḥ ||1||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 3.2
vyāmiśreṇaiva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me |
tad ekaṃ vada niścitya yena śreyo 'ham āpnuyām ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyata ity ādinā karmaṇo 'pi śreṣṭhatvm uktam eva ity āśaṅkyāha vyāmiśreṇeti | kvacit karma-praśaṃsā kvacit jñāna-praśaṃsā ity evaṃ vyāmiśraṃ sandeho 'pādakam iva yad vākyaṃ tena me mama buddhiṃ matim ubhayatra dolāyitāṃ kurvan mohayasīva | ata ubhayor madhye yad bhadraṃ tad ekaṃ niścitya vadeti | yad vā, idam eva śreyaḥ-sādhanam iti niścitya yenānuṣṭhitena śreyo mokṣam aham āpnuyāṃ prāpsyāmi tad evaikaṃ niścitya vadety arthaḥ ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāhaṃ kaṃcid api pratārayāmi kiṃ punas tvām atipriyam | tvaṃ tu kiṃ me pratāraṇā-cihnaṃ paśyasīti cet tatrāha vyāmiśreṇeti | tava vacanaṃ vyāmiśraṃ na bhavaty eva mama tv ekādhikārikatva-bhinnādhikārikatva-sandehād vyāmiśraṃ saṅkīrṇārtham iva te yad vākyaṃ māṃ prati jñāna-karma-niṣṭhā-dvaya-pratipādakaṃ tvaṃ me mama manda-buddher vākya-tātparyāparijñānād buddhim antaḥkaraṇaṃ mohayasīva bhrāntyā yojayasīva | parama-kāruṇikatvāt tvaṃ na mohayasy eva mama tu svāśaya-doṣān moho bhavatītīvaśa-śabdārthaḥ | ekādhikāritve viruddhayoḥ samuccayānupapatter ekārthatvābhāvena ca vikalpānupapatteḥ prāg-ukter yady adhikāri-bhedaṃ manyase tadaikaṃ māṃ prati viruddhayor niṣṭhayor upadeśaāyogāt taj jñānaṃ vā karma vaikam evādhikāraṃ
me niścitya vada | yenādhikāra-niścaya-puraḥsaram uktena tvayā mayā cānuṣṭhitena jñānena karmaṇā vaikena śreyo mokṣam aham āpnuyāṃ prāptuṃ yogyaḥ syām |
evaṃ jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor ekādhikāritve vikalpa-samuccayayor asambhavād adhikāri-bheda-jñānāyārjunasya praśna iti sthitam |
ihetareṣāṃ kumataṃ samastaṃ
śruti-smṛti-nyāya-balān nirastam |
punaḥ punar bhāṣya-kṛtātiyatnād
ato na tat kartum ahaṃ pravṛttaḥ ||
bhāṣya-kāra-mata-sāra-darśinā
grantha-mātram iha yojyate mayā |
āśayo bhagavataḥ prakāśyate
kevalaṃ sva-vacaso viśuddhaye ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : bho vayasya arjuna ! satyaṃ guṇātītā bhaktiḥ sarvotkṛṣṭaiva | kintu sā yādṛcchika-mad-aikāntaika-mahā-bhakta-kṛpaika-labhyatvāt purusodyama-sādhyā na bhavati | ataeva nistraiguṇyo bhava guṇātītayā mad-bhaktyā tvaṃ nistraiguṇyo bhūyā ity āśīrvāda eva dattaḥ | sa ca yadā phaliṣyati tadā tādṛśa-yādṛcchikaikāntika-bhakta-kṛpayā prāptām api lapsyase | sāmprataṃ tu karmaṇy evādhikāras te iti mayoktaṃ cet, satyam | tarhi karmaiva niścitya kathaṃ na brūṣe | kim iti sandeha-sindhau māṃ kṣipasīty āha vyāmiśreṇeti | viśeṣataḥ ā samyaktayā miśraṇaṃ nānā-vidhārtha-milanaṃ yatra tena vākyena me buddhiṃ mohayasi | tathā hi karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47], siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate [Gītā 2.48],
buddhi-yukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte |
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam || [Gītā 2.50]
iti yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ jñānam api bravīṣi | yadā te moha-kalilaṃ [Gītā 2.52] ity anena jñānaṃ kevalam api bravīṣi | kiṃ cātra iva-śabdena tvad-vākyasya vastuto nāsti nānārtha-miśritatvam | nāpi kṛpālos tava man-mohanecchā | nāpi mama tat-tad-arthānabhijñatvam iti bhāvaḥ | ayaṃ gūḍho 'bhiprāyaḥ rājasāt karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt sāttvikaṃ karma śreṣṭhaṃ, tac ca sāttvikam eva | nirguṇa-bhaktiś ca tasmādn atiśreṣṭhaiva | tatra sā yadi mayi na sambhaved iti brūṣe, tadā sāttvikaṃ jñānam evaikaṃ mām upadiśa | tata eva duḥkha-mayāt saṃsāra-bandhanān mukto bhaveyam iti ||2||
baladevaḥ : vyāmiśreṇeti | sāṅkhya-buddhi-yoga-buddhyor indriya-nivṛtti-rūpayoḥ sādhya-sādhakatvāvarodhi yad vākyaṃ tad vyāmiśram ucyate | tena me buddhiṃ mohayasīva | vastutas tu sarveśvarasya mat-sakhasya ca me man-mohakatā nāsty eva | mad-buddhi-doṣād evaṃ prayemy aham atīvaśabdārthaḥ | tat tasmād ekam avyāmiśraṃ vākyaṃ vada | na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaikenāmṛtatvam ānaśur nāsty akṛtaḥ kṛtena iti śrutivat | yenāham anuṣṭheyaṃ niścityātmanaḥ śreyaḥ prāpnuyām ||2||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 3.3
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha |
jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | ayam arthaḥ | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣaṃ mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-jñāna-yoga-rūpaṃ niṣṭhā-dvayam uktaṃ syāt tarhi dvayor madhye yad bhadraṃ syāt tad ekaṃ vada iti tvadīya-praśnaḥ saṃgacchate | na tu mayā tathoktam | dvābhyām ekaiva brahma-niṣṭhā uktā | guṇa-pradhāna-bhūtayos tayoḥ svātantryānupapatteḥ ekasyā eva tu prakāra-bheda-mātram adhikāri-bhedenoktam iti | asmin śuddhāśuddhāntaḥ karaṇatayā dvividhe loke adhikāri-jane dve vidhe prakārau yasyāḥ sā | dvi-vidhā niṣṭhā mokṣa-paratā pūrvādhyāye mayā sārvajñena proktā spaṣṭam evoktā | prakāra-dvayam eva nirdiśati jñāna-yogenety ādi | sāṅkhyānāṃ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ jñāna-bhūmikām ārūḍhānāṃ jñāna-paripākārthaṃ
jñāna-yogena dhyānādinā niṣṭhā brahma-paratoktā | tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-para ity ādinā | sāṅkhya-bhūmikām ārurukṣūṇāṃ tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvārā tad-ārohaṇārthaṃ tad-upāya-bhūta-karma-yogādhikāriṇāṃ yogināṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhoktā dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyata ity ādinā | ataeva tava citta-śuddhi-rūpāvasthā-bhedena dvi-vidhāpi niṣṭhoktā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇv iti ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam adhikāri-bhede 'rjunena pṛṣṭe tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | asminn adhikāritvābhimate loke śuddhāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇa-bhedena dvividhe jane dvividhā dviprakārā niṣṭhā sthitar jñāna-paratā karma-paratā ca purā pūrvādhyāye mayā tavātyanta-hita-kāriṇā proktā prakarṣeṇa spaṣṭatva-lakṣaṇenoktā | tathā cādhikāry-aikya-śaṅkayā mā glāsīr iti bhāvaḥ | he 'naghāpāpeti sambodhayann upadeśayogyatām arjunasya sūcayati | ekaiva niṣṭhā sādhya-sādhanāvasthā-bhedena dvi-prakārā na tu dve eva svatantre niṣṭhe iti kathayituṃ niṣṭhety eka-vacanam | tathā ca vakṣyati - ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati [Gītā 5.5] iti |
tām eva niṣṭhāṃ dvaividhyena darśayati sāṅkhyeti | saṅkhyā samyag-ātma-buddhis tāṃ prāptavatāṃ brahmacaryād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānāṃ vedānta-vijñāna-suniścitārthānāṃ jñāna-bhūmim ārūḍhānāṃ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ sāṅkhyānāṃ jñāna-yogena jñānam eva yujyate brahmaṇāneneti vyutpattyā yogas tena niṣṭhoktā tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | aśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ tu jñāna-bhūmim anārūḍhānāṃ yogināṃ karmādhikāra-yogināṃ karma-yogena karmaiva yujyate 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhyāneneti vyutpattyā yogas tena niṣṭhoktāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñāna-bhūmikārohaṇārthaṃ dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā |
ataeva na jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo vikalpo vā | kintu niṣkāma-karmaṇā śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānam iti citta-śuddhy-aśuddhi-rūpāvasthā-bhedenaikam eva tvāṃ prati dvividhā niṣṭhoktā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu [Gītā 2.39] iti | ato bhūmikā-bhedenaikam eva praty ubhayopayogān nādhikāra-bhede 'py upadeśa-vaiyarthyam ity abhiprāyaḥ | etad eva darśayitum aśuddha-cittasya citta-śuddhi-paryantaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ na karmaṇām anārambhāt [Gītā 3.4] ity ādibhir moghaṃ prātha sa jīvati [Gītā 3.16] ity antais trayodaśabhir darśayati | śuddha-cittasya tu jñānino na kiṃcid api karmāpekṣitam iti darśayati yas tv ātma-ratir [Gītā 3.17] iti dvābhyām | tasmād asaktaḥ ity ārabhya tu bandha-hetor api karmaeo mokṣa-hetutvaṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa
sambhavati phalābhisandhi-rāhitya-rūpa-kauśaleneti darśayiṣyati | tataḥ paraṃ tv atha keneti praśnam utthāpya kāma-doṣeṇaiva kārya-karmaṇaḥ śuddhi-hetutvaṃ nāsti | ataḥ kāma-rāhityenaiva karmāṇi kurvann antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhyā jñānādhikārī bhaviṣyasīti yāvad-adhyāya-samāpti vadiṣyati bhagavān ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : atrottaram | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣāv eva mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-yoga-jñāna-yogāv uktau syātām | tadā tad ekaṃ vada niścityeti tvat-praśno ghaṭate | mayā tu karmānuṣṭhā-jñāna-niṣṭhāvattvena yad dvaividhyam uktam, tat khalu pūrvottara-daśā-bhedād eva, na tu vastuto mokṣaṃ praty adhikāri-dvaidham ity āha loke iti dvābhyām | dvividhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā nitarāṃ sthiti-maryādety arthaḥ | purā proktā pūrvādhyāye kathitā | tām evāha sāṅkhyānāṃ sāṅkhaṃ jñānaṃ tad-vatām | teṣāṃ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhirūḍhānāṃ jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhā tenaiva maryādā sthāpitā | atra loke tu jñānitvenaiva khyāpitā ity arthaḥ - tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | tathā śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvābhāvena
jñāna-bhūmikām adhiroḍhum asamarthānāṃ yogināṃ tad-ārohaṇārtham upāyavatāṃ karma-yogena mad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmaṇā niṣṭhā maryādā sthāpitā | te khalu karmitvenaiva khyāpitety arthaḥ - dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā | tena karmiṇaḥ jñāninaḥ iti nāma-mātreṇaiva dvaividhyam | vastgutas tu karmiṇa eva karmibhiḥ śuddha-cittā jñānino bhavanti | jñānina eva bhaktyā mucyanta iti mad-vākya-samudāyārtha iti bhāvaḥ ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : atrottaram | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣāv eva mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-yoga-jñāna-yogāv uktau syātām | tadā tad ekaṃ vada niścityeti tvat-praśno ghaṭate | mayā tu karmānuṣṭhā-jñāna-niṣṭhāvattvena yad dvaividhyam uktam, tat khalu pūrvottara-daśā-bhedād eva, na tu vastuto mokṣaṃ praty adhikāri-dvaidham ity āha loke iti dvābhyām | dvividhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā nitarāṃ sthiti-maryādety arthaḥ | purā proktā pūrvādhyāye kathitā | tām evāha sāṅkhyānāṃ sāṅkhaṃ jñānaṃ tad-vatām | teṣāṃ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhirūḍhānāṃ jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhā tenaiva maryādā sthāpitā | atra loke tu jñānitvenaiva khyāpitā ity arthaḥ - tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | tathā śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvābhāvena
jñāna-bhūmikām adhiroḍhum asamarthānāṃ yogināṃ tad-ārohaṇārtham upāyavatāṃ karma-yogena mad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmaṇā niṣṭhā maryādā sthāpitā | te khalu karmitvenaiva khyāpitety arthaḥ - dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā | tena karmiṇaḥ jñāninaḥ iti nāma-mātreṇaiva dvaividhyam | vastgutas tu karmiṇa eva karmibhiḥ śuddha-cittā jñānino bhavanti | jñānina eva bhaktyā mucyanta iti mad-vākya-samudāyārtha iti bhāvaḥ ||3||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | he anagha nirmala-buddhe pārtha jyāyasī ced iti karma-buddhi-sāṅkhya-buddhyor guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvaṃ jānann api tamas-tejasor iva viruddhayos tayoḥ katham ekādhikāritvam iti śaṅkayā preritaḥ pṛcchasīti bhāvaḥ | asmin mumukṣutayābhimate śuddhāśuddha-cittatayā dvividhe loke jane dvividhā niṣṭhā sthitir mayā sarveśvareṇa purā pūrvādhyāye proktā | niṣṭhety eka-vacanena ekātmoddeśyatvād ekaiva niṣṭhā sādhya-sādhana-daśā-dvaya-bhedena dvi-prakārā na tu dve niṣṭhe iti sūcyate | evam evāgre vakṣyati ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca [Gītā 5.5] iti | tāṃ niṣṭhāṃ dvaividhyena darśayati jñāneti | sāṅkhya-jñāna arha ādyac | tad-vatāṃ jñānināṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhā-sthitir uktā prajahāti yadā kāmān [Gītā 2.55]
ity ādinā | jñānam eva yogo yujyate ātmanāneneti-vyutpatteḥ | yogināṃ niṣkāma-karmavatāṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhā sthitir uktā karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] ity ādinā | karmaiva yogo yujyate jñāna-garbhayā citta-śuddhayāneneti vyutpatteḥ | etad uktaṃ bhavati - na khalu mumukṣur janas tadaiva śamādy-aṅgikāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ labhate | kintu sācāreṇa karma-yogena citta-mālinyaṃ nirdhūyaivety etad eva mayā prāg abhāṇi eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye [Gītā 2.39] ity ādinā |
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BhG 3.4
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati || 4 ||
śrīdharaḥ : ataḥ samyak-citta-śuddhyā jñānotpatti-paryantaṃ varṇāśramocitāni karmāṇi kartavyāni | anyathā citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñānānutpatter ity āha na karmaṇām iti | karmaṇām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānān naiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaṃ nāśnute na prāpnoti | nanu caitam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajantīti śrutyā saṃnyāsasya mokṣād aṅgatva-śruteḥ saṃnyasanād eva mokṣo bhaviṣyati | kiṃ karmabhiḥ ? ity āśaṅkyoktaṃ na ceti | citta-śuddhiṃ vinā kṛtāt saṃnyasanād eva jñāna-śūnyāt siddhiṃ mokṣaṃ na samadhigacchati na prāpnoti ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatra kāraṇābhāve kāryānupapatter āha na karmaṇām iti | karmaṇā tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śrutyātma-jñāne viniyuktānām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānāc citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñānāyogyo bahirmukhaḥ puruṣo naiṣkarmyaṃ sarva-karma-śūnyatvaṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhām iti yāvat nāśnute na prāpnoti |
nanu etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti iti śruteḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsād eva jñāna-niṣṭhopapatteḥ kṛtaṃ karmabhir ity ata āha na ca saṃnyasanād eva citta-śuddhiṃ vinā kṛtāt siddhiṃ jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇāṃ samyak-phala-paryavasāyitvenādhigacchati naiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ | karma-janyāṃ citta-śuddhim antareṇa saṃnyāsa eva na sambhavati | yathā-kathaṃcid autsukya-mātreṇa kṛto 'pi na phala-paryavasāyīti bhāvaḥ ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : citta-śuddhy-abhāve jñānānutpattim āha neti | śāstrīya-karmaṇām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānān naiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaṃ na prāpnoti na cāśuddha-cittaḥ | saṃnyasanāc chāstrīya-karma-tyāgāt ||4||
baladevaḥ : ato 'śuddha-cittena citta-śuddheḥ sva-vihitāni karmāṇy evānuṣṭheyānīty āha na karmaṇām ity ādibhis trayodaśabhiḥ | karmaṇāṃ tam etam iti vākyena jñānāṅgatayā vihitānām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānād aviśuddha-cittaḥ puruṣo naiṣkarmyaṃ nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-rūpa-karma-viratiṃ jñāna-niṣṭhām iti yāvat nāśnute na labhate | na ca sa teṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ saṃnyāsāt parityāgāt siddhiṃ muktiṃ samadhigacchati ||4||
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BhG 3.5
na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛt |
kāryate hy avaśaḥ karma sarvaḥ prakṛtijair guṇaiḥ || 5 ||
śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇāṃ ca saṃnyāsas teṣv anāsakti-mātram | na tu svarūpeṇa | aśakyatvād iti | āha na hi kaścid iti | jātu kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyāṃ kṣaṇa-mātram api kaścid api jñāny-ajñāno vā akarma-kṛt karmāṇy akurvāṇo na tiṣṭhati | atra hetuḥ -- prakṛtijair svabhāva-prabhavai rāga-dveṣādibhir guṇaiḥ sarvo 'pi janaḥ karma kāryate | karmaṇi pravartyate | avaśo 'svatantraḥ san ||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatra karma-janya-śuddhy-abhāve bahirmukhaḥ | hi yasmāt kṣaṇam api kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścid apy ajitendriyo 'karma-kṛt san na tiṣṭhati | api tu laukika-vaidikakarmānuṣṭhāna-vyagra eva tiṣṭhati tasmād aśuddha-cittasya saṃnyāso na sambhavatīty arthaḥ |
kasmāt punar avidvān karmāṇy akurvāṇo na tiṣṭhati | hi yasmāt | sarvaḥ prāṇī citta-śuddhi-rahito 'vaśo 'svatantra eva san prakṛtijaiḥ prakṛtito jātair abhivyaktaiḥ kāryākāreṇa sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ svabhāva-prabhavair vā rāga-dveṣādibhir guṇaiḥ karma laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā kāryate | ataḥ karmāṇy akurvāṇo na kaścid api tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ | yataḥ svābhāvikā guṇāś cālakā ataḥ para-vaśatayā sarvadā karmāṇi kurvato 'śuddha-buddheḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāso na sambhavatīti na saṃnyāsa-nibandhanā jñāna-niṣṭhā sambhavatīty arthaḥ ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : kintv aśuddha-cittaḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsaḥ śāstrīyaṃ karma parityajya vyavahārike karmaṇi nimajjatīty āha na hīti | nanu saṃnyāsa eva tasya vaidika-laukika-karma-pravṛttir-virodhī ? tatrāha kāryata iti | avaśo 'svatantraḥ ||5||
baladevaḥ : aviśuddha-cittaḥ kṛta-vaidika-karma-saṃnyāso laukike 'pi karmaṇi nimajjatīty āha nahīti | nanu saṃnyāsa eva tasya sarva-karma-virodhīti cet tatrāha kāryata iti | prakṛtijaiḥ svabhāvodbhavair guṇai rāga-dveṣādibhiḥ, kāryate pravartyate avaśaḥ parādhīnaḥ syāt ||5||
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BhG 3.6
karmendriyāṇi saṃyamya ya āste manasā smaran |
indriyārthān vimūḍhātmā mithyācāraḥ sa ucyate ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : ato 'jñaṃ karma-tyāginaṃ nindati karmendriyāṇīti | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni karmendriyāṇi | saṃyamya bhagavad-dhyāna-cchalena indriyārthān viṣayān smarann āste aviśuddhatayā manasā ātmani sthairyābhāvāt, sa mithyācāraḥ kapaṭācāro dāmbhika ucyata ity arthaḥ ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : yathā-kathaṃcid autsukya-mātreṇa kṛta-saṃnyāsas tv aśuddha-cittas tat-phala-bhāṅ na bhavati yataḥ | yo vimūḍhātmā rāga-dveṣādi-dūṣitāntaḥ-karaṇa autsukya-mātreṇa karmendriyāṇi vāk-pāṇy-ādīni saṃyamya nigṛhya bahir-indriyaiḥ karmāṇy akurvann iti yāvat | manasā rāgādi-preritendriyārthān śabdādīn na tv ātma-tattvaṃ smarann āste kṛta-saṃnyāso 'ham ity abhimānena karma-śūnyas tiṣṭhati sa mithyācāraḥ sattva-śuddhy-abhāvena phalāyogyatvāt pāpācāra ucyate |
tvaṃ-padārtha-vivekāya saṃnyāsaḥ sarva-karmaṇām |
śrutyeha vihito yasmāt tat-tyāgī patito bhavet ||
ity ādi-dharma-śāstreṇa | ata upapannaṃ na ca saṃnyasanād evāśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ siddhiṃ samadhigacchatīti ||6||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tādṛśo 'pi sannyāsī kaścit | kaścid indriya-vyāpāra-śūnyo mudritākṣo dṛśyate ? tatrāha karmendriyāṇi, vāk-pāṇy-ādīni nigṛhya yo manasā dhyāna-cchalena viṣayān smarann āste, sa mithyācāro dāmbhikaḥ ||6||
baladevaḥ : nanu rāga-divyāpāra-śūnyo mudrita-śrotrādiḥ kaścit kaścid yadi dṛśyate tatrāha karmendriyāṇīti | yo yatiḥ karmendriyāṇi vāg-ādīni saṃyamya manasā dhyāna-chadmanā indriyārthān śabda-sparśādīn smarann āste sa vimūḍhātmā mūrkho mithyācāraḥ kathyate | sa ca niruddha-rāgāder ajñasya niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānena manaḥ-śuddher anudayāt śrotrādy-aprasāre 'py aśuddhatvān manasā tad-viṣayāṇāṃ sma raṇāj jñānāyodyatasyāpi tasya jñāna-lābhāt mithyācāro vyartha-vāg-ādi-niyama-kriyo dāmbhika ity arthaḥ ||6||
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BhG 3.7
yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna
karmendriyaiḥ karma-yogam asaktaḥ sa viśiṣyate ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : etad-viparītaḥ karma-kartā tu śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv indriyāṇīti | yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamya īśvara-parāṇi kṛtvā karmendriyaiḥ karma-rūpaṃ yogam upāyam ārabhate 'nutiṣṭhati | asaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-rahitaḥ san | sa viśiṣyate viśiṣṭo bhavati citta-śuddhyā jñānavān bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : autsukya-mātreṇa sarva-karmāṇy asaṃnyasya citta-śuddhaye niṣkāma-karmāṇy eva yathā-śāstraṃ kuryāt | tasmāt yas tv iti | tu-śabdo 'śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇa-saṃnyāsi-vyatirekārthaḥ | indriyāṇi jñānendriyāei śrotrādīni manasā saha niyamya pāpa-hetu-śabdādi-viṣayāsakter nivartya manasā viveka-yuktena niyamyeti vā | karmendriyair vāk-pāṇy-ādibhiḥ karma-yogaṃ śuddhi-hetutayā vihitaṃ karmārabhate karoty asaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyaḥ san yo vivekī sa itarasmān mithyācārād viśiṣyate | pariśrama-sāmye 'pi phalātiśaya-bhāktvena śreṣṭho bhavati | he 'rjunāścaryam idaṃ paśya yad ekaḥ karmendriyāṇi nigṛhṇan jñānendriyāṇi vyāpārayan puruṣārtha-śūnyo 'paras tu jñānendriyāṇi nigṛhya karmendriyāṇi vyāpārayan parama-puruṣārtha-bhāg bhavatīti ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad-viparītaḥ śāstrīya-karma-kartā gṛhasthas tu śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv iti | karma-yogaṃ śāstra-vihitam | asakto 'phalākāṅkṣī viśiṣyate | asambhāvita-prasāditvena jñāna-niṣṭhād api puruṣād viśiṣṭaḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ ||7||
baladevaḥ : etad-vaiparītyena sva-vihita-karma-kartā gṛhastho 'pi śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv iti | ātmānubhava-pravṛttena manasendriyāṇi śrotrādīni niyamyāsaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyaḥ san yaḥ karmendriyaiḥ karma-rūpaṃ yogam upāyam ārabhate 'nutiṣṭhati sa viśiṣyate | sambhāvyamāna-jñānatvāt pūrvataḥ śreṣṭho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||
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BhG 3.8
niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hy akarmaṇaḥ |
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇaḥ ||8||
śrīdharaḥ : niyatam iti | yasmād evaṃ tasmān niyataṃ nityaṃ karma sandhyopāsanādi kuru | hi yasmāt | sarva-karmaṇo 'karaṇāt sakāśāt karma-karaṇaṃ jyāyo 'dhikataram | anyathākarmaṇaḥ sarva-karma-śūnyasya tava śarīra-yātrā śarīra-nirvāho 'pi na prasidhyen na bhavet ||8||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmān manasā jñānendriyāṇi nigṛhya karmendriyais tvaṃ prāg ananuṣṭhita-śuddhi-hetu-karmā niyataṃ vidhy-uddeśe phala-sambandha-śūnyatayā niyata-nimittena vihitaṃ karma śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca nityam iti prasiddhaṃ kuru | kurv iti madhyama-puruṣa-prayogeṇaiva tvam iti labdhe tvam iti padam arthāntare saṃkramitam |
kasmād aśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇena karmaiva kartavyaṃ hi yasmād akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt karmaiva jyāyaḥ praśasyataram | na kevalaṃ karmābhāve tavāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhir eva na sidhyet | kintu akarmaṇo yuddhādi-karma-rahitasya te tava śarīra-yātrā śarīra-sthitir api na prakarṣeṇa kṣātra-vṛtti-kṛtatva-lakṣaṇena sidhyet | tathā ca prāg uktam | api cety antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-samuccayārthaḥ ||8||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tvaṃ niyataṃ nityaṃ sandhyopāsanādi# akarmaṇaḥ karma-sannyāsāt sakāśāj jyāyaḥ śreṣṭham | sannyāsa-sarva-karmaṇas tava śarīra-nirvāho 'pi na sidhyet ||8||
baladevaḥ : niyatam iti tasmāt tvam aviśuddha-citto niyatam āvaśyaka-karam kuru citta-viśuddhaye niṣkāmatayā sva-vihitaṃ karmācarety arthaḥ | akarmaṇam autsukya-mātreṇa sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-sakāśāt karmaiva jyāyaḥ praśastataraṃ krama-sopāna-nyāyena jñānotpādakatvāt | autsukya-mātreṇa karma tyajator maline hṛdi jñāna-prakāśāt | kiṃ cākarmaṇaḥ saṃnyasta-sarva-karmaṇas tava śarīra-yātrā deha-nirvāho 'pi na sidhyet | yāvat sādhana-pūrti-deha-dhāraṇasyāvaśyakatvāt tad-arthaṃ jñānī bhikṣāṭanādi-karmānutiṣṭhati | tac ca kṣatriyasya tavānucitam | tasmāt sva-vihitena yuddha-prajā-pālanādi-karmaṇā śulkāni vittāny upārjya tair nirvyūha-deha-yātraḥ svātmānam anusandhehīti ||8||
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BhG 3.9
yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra loko 'yaṃ karma-bandhanaḥ |
tad-arthaṃ karma kaunteya mukta-saṅgaḥ samācara ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : sāṅkhyās tu sarvam api karma-bandhaktavān na kāryam ity āhuḥ | tannirākurvann āha yajñārthād iti | yajño 'tra viṣṇuḥ | yajño vai viṣṇur iti śruteḥ | tad-ārādhanārthāt karmaṇo |nyatra tad ekaṃ loko 'yaṃ karma-bandhanaḥ karmabhir vadhyate | na tu īśvarārādhanārthena karmaṇā | atas tad-arthaṃ viṣṇu-prīty-arthaṃ mukta-saṅgo niṣkāmaḥ san karma samyag ācara ||9||
madhusūdanaḥ : karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ [Mbh 12.241.7] iti smṛteḥ sarvaṃ karma bandhātmakatvān mumukṣuṇā na kartavyam iti matvā tasyottaram āha
yajñārthād iti | yajñaḥ parameśvaraḥ yajño vai viṣṇur [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruteḥ | tad-ārādhanārthaṃ yat kriyate karma tad-yajñārthaṃ tasmāt karmaṇo 'nyatra karmaṇi pravṛtto 'yaṃ lokaḥ karmādhikārī karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyate na tv īśvarārādhnārthena | atas tad-arthaṃ yajñārthaṃ karma he kaunteya ! tvaṃ karmaṇy adhikṛto mukta-saṅgaḥ san samācara samyak-śraddhādi-puraḥsaram ācara ||9||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhi karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ iti smṛteḥ | karmaṇi kṛte bandhaḥ syād iti cen na | parameśvarārpitaṃ karma na bandhakam ity āha yajñārthād iti | viṣṇv-arpito niṣkāmo dharma eva yajña ucyate | yad-arthaṃ yat karma tato 'nyatraivāyaṃ lokaḥ karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyamāno bhavati | tasmāt tvaṃ tad-arthaṃ tādṛśa-dharma-siddhy-arthaṃ karma samācara |
nanu viṣṇv-arpito 'pi dharmaḥ kāmanām uddiśya kṛtaś ced bandhako bhavaty evety āha mukta-saṅgaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-rahitaḥ | evam evoddhavaṃ praty api śrī-bhagavatoktam -
sva-dharma-stho yajan yajñair
anāśīḥ-kāma uddhava |
na yāti svarga-narakau
yady anyan na samācaret ||
asmin loke vartamānaḥ
sva-dharma-stho 'naghaḥ śuciḥ |
jñānaṃ viśuddham āpnoti
mad-bhaktiṃ vā yadṛcchayā || [BhP 11.20.10-1] iti ||9||
baladevaḥ : nanu karmaṇi kṛte bandho bhavet | karmaṇā badhyate jantur ity ādi-smaraṇāc ceti tatrāha yajñārthād iti | yajñaḥ parameśvaraḥ yajño vai viṣṇur iti śruteḥ | tad-arthāt tat-toṣa-phalāt karmaṇo 'nyatra svasukha-phalaka-karmaṇi kriyamāṇe 'yaṃ lokaḥ prāṇī karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyate | tasmāt tad-arthaṃ viṣṇu-toṣārthaṃ karma samācara | he kaunteya mukta-saṅgas tyakta-sukhābhilāṣaḥ san nyāyopārjita-dravya-siddhena yajñādinā viṣṇur ārādhya tac-cheṣeṇa deha-yātrāṃ kurvan na badhyata ity arthaḥ ||9||
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BhG 3.10
saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā purovāca prajāpatiḥ |
anena prasaviṣyadhvam eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : prajāpati-vacanād api karma-kartaiva śreṣṭha ity āha sahayajñā iti | yañena saha vartanta iti sahayajñāḥ yajñādhikṛtā brāhmaṇādi-prajāḥ purā sargādau sṛṣṭvā idam uvāca brahmā anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo hi vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarābhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān dogdhīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado 'stu ity arthaḥ | atra ca yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham | kāmya-karma-praśaṃsā tu prakaraṇe 'saṅgatāpi sāmānyato 'karmaṇaḥ karma śreṣṭham ity etad artham ity adoṣaḥ ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : prajāpati-vacanād apy adhikṛtena karma kartavyam ity āha sahayajñā ity-ādi-caturbhiḥ | saha yajñena vihita-karma-kalāpena vartanta iti sahayajñā samādhikṛtā iti yāvat | vopasarjanasya [Pāṇ 6.3.82] iti pakṣe sādeśābhāvaḥ | prajās trīn varṇān purā kalpādau sṛṣṭvovāca prajānāṃ patiḥ sraṣṭā | kim uvācety āha -- anena yajñena svāśramocita-dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvam prasūyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarām abhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | katham anena vṛddhiḥ syād ity āha eṣa yajñākhyo dharmo vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhimatān kāmān kāmyāni phalāni dogdhi prāpayatīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado 'stv ity arthaḥ |
atra yadyapi yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham akaraṇe pratyavāyasyāgre kathanāt | kāmya-karmaṇāṃ ca prakṛte prastāvo nāsty eva mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr ity anena nirākṛtatvāt | tathāi nitya-karmaṇām ānuṣaṅgika-phala-sadbhāvāt | eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ity upapadyate | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati tad yathāmre phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāv anūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | phala-sad-bhāve 'pi tad-abhisandhy-anabhisandhibhyāṃ kāmya-nityayor viśeṣaḥ | anabhisaṃhitasyāpi vastu-svabhāvād utpattau na viśeṣaḥ | vistareṇa cāgre pratipādayiṣyate ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evāśuddha-cittau niṣkāmaṃ karmaiva kuryān na tu sannyāsam ity uktam | idānīṃ yadi ca niṣkāmo 'pi bhavituṃ na śaknuyāt tadā sakāmam api dharmaṃ viṣṇv-arpitaṃ kuryān na tu karma-tyāgam ity āha saheti saptabhiḥ | yajñena sahitāḥ saha-yajñāḥ vopasarjanasya iti sahasyādeśābhāvaḥ | purā viṣṇv-arpita-dharma-kāriṇīḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā brahmovāca anena dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir uttarottaram ativṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tāsāṃ sa-kāmatvam abhilakṣyāha eṣa yajño va iṣṭa-kāma-dhug-abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado 'stv ity arthaḥ ||10||
baladevaḥ : ayajñeśeṣeṇa deha-yātrāṃ kurvato doṣam āha saheti | prajāpatiḥ sarveśvaro viṣṇuḥ patiṃ viśvasyātmeśvaram ity ādi-śruteḥ | brahma prajānāṃ patir acyuto 'sāv ity ādi-smaraṇāc ca | purā ādi-sarge saha-yajñā yajñaiḥ sahitā deva-mānavādi-rūpāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā nāma-rūpa-vibhāga-śūnyāḥ prakṛti-śaktike svasmin vilīnāḥ puruṣārthāyogyās tās tat-sampādaka-nāma-rūpa-bhājo vidhāya yajñaṃ tan-nirūpakaṃ vedaṃ ca prakāśyety arthaḥ | tāḥ pratīdam uvāca kāruṇikaḥ | anena vedoktena mad-arpitena yajñena yūyaṃ prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ sva-vṛddhiṃ bhajadhvam ity arthaḥ | eṣa mad-arpito yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk hṛd-viśuddhy-ātma-jñāna-deha-yātrā-sampādana-dvārā vāñchita-mokṣa-prado 'stu ||10||
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BhG 3.11
devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ |
parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ param avāpsyatha ||11||
śrīdharaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-dogdhā yajño bhaved iti ? tatrāha devān iti | anena yajñena devān bhāvayata | havir bhāgaiḥ saṃvardhayata te ca devā vo yuṣmān saṃvardhayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinā annotpatti-dvāreṇa | evam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devāś ca yūyaṃ ca parasparaṃ śreyo 'bhīṣṇam artham avāpsyatha prāpsyatha ||11||
madhusūdanaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-dogdhṛtvaṃ yajñasyeti tad āha devān iti | anena yajñena yūyaṃ yajamānā devān indrādīn bhāvayata havir-bhogaiḥ saṃvardhayata tarpayatety arthaḥ | te devā yuṣmābhir bhāvitāḥ santo vo yuṣmān bhāvayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinānnotpatti-dvāreṇa saṃvardhayantu | evam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devāś ca yūyaṃ ca varaṃ śreyo 'bhimatam arthaṃ prāpsyatha devās tṛptiṃ prāpsyanti yūyaṃ ca svargākhyaṃ paraṃ śreyaḥ prāpsyathety arthaḥ ||11||
viśvanāthaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-prado yajño bhavet tatrāha devān iti | anena yajñena devān bhāvayata | bhāvavataḥ kuruta | bhāvaḥ prītis tad-yuktān kuruta prīṇayan ity arthaḥ | te devā api vaḥ prīṇayatu ||11||
baladevaḥ : idaṃ ca prajāḥ prayuktāḥ anena yajñena mad-aṅga-bhūtā-nindādīn bhāvayata tat-tad-dhavir-dānena prītān yūyaṃ kuruta | te devā vo yuṣmāṃs tad-vara-dānena bhāvayantu prītān kurvantu | itthaṃ śuddhāhāreṇa mitho bhāvatās te yūyaṃ paraṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ śreyaḥ prāpsyathaḥ tatrāhāra-śuddhir hi jñāna-nisṭhāṅgaṃ, tatrāhāra-śuddhau sattva-śuddhiḥ sattva-śuddhau dhruvā smṛtiḥ smṛti-labdhe sarva-granthīnāṃ vipramokṣaḥ iti śruteḥ ||11||
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BhG 3.12
iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ |
tair dattān apradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭīkurvan karmākaraṇe doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | yajñair bhāvitāḥ santo devā vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvāreṇa vo yuṣmabhyaṃ bhogān dāsyante hi | ato devair dattān annādīn ebhyo devebhyaḥ pañca-yajñādibhir adattvā yo bhuṅkte, sa stenaś caura eva jñeyaḥ ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalaṃ pāratrikam eva phalaṃ yajñāt, kintv aihikam apīty āha iṣṭān iti | abhilaṣitān bhogān paśv-anna-hiraṇyādīn vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante vitariṣyanti | hi yasmād yajñair bhāvitās toṣitās te | yasmāt tair ṛṇavad bhavadbhyo dattā bhogās tasmāt tair devair dattān bhogān ebhyo devebhyo 'pradāya yajñeṣu devodeśenāhutīrasampādya yo bhuṅkte dehendriyāṇy eva tarpayati stena eva taskara eva sa deva-svāpahārī devārṇapākaraṇāt ||12||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭīkurvan karmākaraṇe doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | tair dattān vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvāreṇānnādīn nādīn utpādety arthaḥ | ebhyo devebhyaḥ pañca-mahā-yajñādibhir adattvā yo bhuṅkte, sa tu caura eva ||12||
baladevaḥ : etad eva viśadayan karmānuṣṭhānena doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | pūrva-bhāvita-mad-aṅga-bhūtā devā vo yuṣmabhyam iṣṭān mumukṣu-kāmyān uttarottara-yajñāpekṣān bhogān dāsyanti vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvārā vrīhy-ādīn utpādyety arthaḥ | svārcanārthaṃ tair devair dattāṃs tān bhogān ebhyaḥ pañca-yajñādibhir apradāya kevalātma-tṛpti-karo yo bhuṅkte sa stenaś caura eva | devas tāny apahṛtya tair ātmanaḥ poṣāt | cauro bhūpād iva sa yamād daṇḍam arhati pumarthānarhaḥ ||12||
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BhG 3.13
yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ |
bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ye pacanty ātma-kāraṇāt ||13||
śrīdharaḥ : ataś ca yajanta eva śreṣṭhāḥ | netara ity āha yajña-śiṣṭāśina iti | vaiśva-devādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭaṃ ye 'śnanti te pañcasūnākṛtaiḥ sarvaiḥ kilbiṣair mucyante | pañca-sūnāś ca smṛtāv uktāḥ -
kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī |
pañca-sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati || iti ||
ye ātmano bhojanārtham eva pacanti, na tu vaiśvadevādy-arthaṃ te pāpā durācārā agham eva bhuñjate ||13||
madhusūdanaḥ : ye tu vaiśvadevādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭam amṛtaṃ ye 'śnanti te santaḥ śiṣṭā vedokta-kāritvena devādy-ṛṇāpākaraṇāt atas te mucyante sarvair vihitākaraṇa-nimittaiḥ pūrva-kṛtaiś ca pañca-sūnā-nimittaiḥ kilbiṣaiḥ | bhūta-bhāvi-pātakā-saṃsargiṇas te bhavantīty arthaḥ |
evam anvaye bhūta-bhāvi-pāpābhāvām uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha bhuñjate te vaiśvadevādy-akāriṇo 'ghaṃ pāpam eva | tu-śabdo 'vadhāraṇe | ye pāpāḥ pañca-sūnā-nimittaṃ pramāda-kṛta-hiṃsā-nimittaṃ ca kṛta-pāpāḥ santa ātma-kāraṇād eva pacanti na tu vaiśvadevādy-artham | tathā ca pāñca-sūnādi-kṛta-pāpe vidyamāna eva vaiśvadevādi-nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittam aparaṃ pāpam āpnuvantīti bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ity uktam | tathā ca smṛtiḥ -
kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī |
pañca-sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati ||iti |
pañca-sūnākṛtaṃ pāpaṃ pañca-yajñair vyapohati iti ca | śrutiś ca idam evāsya tat-sādhāraṇam annaṃ yad idam adyate | sa ya etad upāste na sa pāpnamo vyāvartate miśraṃ hy etat iti | mantra-varṇo 'pi -
mogham annaṃ vindate agra-cetāḥ
satyaṃ bravīmi vadha itsa tasya |
nāryamāṇaṃ puṣyati no sakhāyaṃ
kevalādho bhavati kevalādī ||iti |
idaṃ copalakṣaṇaṃ pañca-mahā-yajñānāṃ smārtānāṃ śrautānāṃ ca nitya-karmaṇām | adhikṛtena nityāni karmāṇy avaśyam anuṣṭheyānīti prajāpati-vacanārthaḥ ||13||
viśvanāthaḥ : vaiśvadevādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭam annaṃ ye 'śnanti te pañca-sūnākṛtaiḥ sarvaiḥ pāpair mucyante | pañca-sūnāś ca smṛty-uktāḥ -
kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī |
pañca-sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati || iti ||13||
baladevaḥ : ye indrādy-aṅgatayāvasthitaṃ yajñaṃ sarveśvaraṃ viṣṇum abhyarcya tac-cheṣam aśnanti tena tad-deha-yātrāṃ sampādayanti te santaḥ sarveśvarasya yajña-puruṣasya bhaktāḥ sarva-kilbiṣair anādi-kāla-vivṛddhair ātmānubhava-pratibandhakair nikhilaiḥ pāpair vimucyante | te tu pāpāḥ pāpa-grastāḥ agham eva bhuñjate | ye tat-tad-devatāṅgatayāvasthitena yajña-puruṣeṇa svārcanāya dattaṃ vrīhy-ādy-ātma-kāraṇāt pacanti tad vipacyātma-poṣaṇaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | pakvasya vrīhy-āder agha-rūpeṇa pariṇāmād aghatvam uktam ||13||
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BhG 3.14
annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna-saṃbhavaḥ |
yajñād bhavati parjanyo yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād api karma kartavyam ity āha annād iti tribhiḥ | annāt śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatād bhūtāny utpadyante | annasya ca sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭeḥ | sa ca parjanyo yajñād bhavati | sa ca yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ | karmaṇā yajamānādi-vyāpāreṇa samyak sampadyata ity arthaḥ |
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalaṃ prajāpati-vacanād eva karma kartavyam api tu jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād apīty āha annād iti tribhiḥ | annād bhuktād reto-lohita-rūpeṇa pariṇatād bhūtāni prāṇi-śarīrāṇi bhavanti jāyante | annasya sambhavo janmānna-sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭeḥ | pratyakṣa-siddham evaitat | atra karmopayogam āha yajñāt kārīr yāder agnihotrādeś cāpūrvākhyād dharmād bhavati parjanyaḥ | yathā cāgnihotrāhuter vṛṣṭi-janakatvaṃ tathā vyākhyātam aṣṭādhyāyī-kāṇḍe janaka-yājñavalkya-saṃvāda-rūpāyāṃ ṣaṭ-praśnyām | manunā coktam -
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
ādityāj jāyate vṛṣtir vṛṣter annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ ||[Manu 3.76] iti |
sa ca yajño dharmākhyaḥ sūkṣmaḥ karma-samudbhava ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-sādhyaḥ | yajñasya hi apūrvasya vihitaṃ karma kāraṇam ||14||
viśvanāthaḥ : jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād api yajñaṃ kuryād evety āha annād bhūtāni prāṇino bhavantīti bhūtānāṃ hetur annam | annād eva śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatāt prāṇi-śarīra-siddhes tasyānnasya hetuḥ parjanyaḥ | vṛṣṭibhir evānna-siddhes tasya parjanyasya hetur yajñaḥ | lokaiḥ kṛtena yajñenaiva samucita-vṛṣṭi-prada-megha-siddhes tasya yajñasya hetuḥ karma-ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpārātmakatvāt karmaṇa eva yajña-siddheḥ ||14||
baladevaḥ : prajāpatinā pareśena prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā tad-upajīvanāya tadaiva yajñaḥ sṛṣṭas tataḥ pareśānubartināvaśyaṃ sakārya ity āha annād iti dvābhyām | bhūtāni prāṇino 'nnād vrīhy-āder bhavanti | śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatās tasmāt tad-dehānāṃ siddheḥ | tasyānnasya sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭer bhavati | parjanyaś ca yajñād bhavati sidhyatīty arthaḥ |
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti manu-smṛteḥ ||14||
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BhG 3.15
karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi brahmākṣara-samudbhavam
tasmāt sarva-gataṃ brahma nityaṃ yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : tathā karmeti | tac ca yajamānādi-vyāpāra-rūpaṃ karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi | brahma vedaḥ | tasmāt pravṛttaṃ jānīhi | asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ iti śruteḥ | yata evam akṣarād eva yajña-pravṛtter atyantam abhipreto yajñaḥ, tasmāt sarva-gatam apy akṣaraṃ brahma nityaṃ sarvadā yajñe pratiṣṭhitam | yajñenopāya-bhūtena prāpyata iti yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ucyata iti | udyama-sthā sadā lakṣmīr itivat | yad vā, jagac-cakrasya mūlaṃ karma tasmāt sarva-gataṃ mantrārtha-vādaiḥ sarveṣu siddhārtha-pratipādakeṣu bhūtārthākhyānādiṣu gataṃ sthitam api vedākhyaṃ brahma sarvadā yajñe tātparya-rūpeṇa pratiṣṭhitam | ato yajñādi karma kartavyam ity arthaḥ ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ : tac cāpūrvotpādakam | brahmodbhavaṃ brahma vedaḥ sa evodbhavaḥ pramāṇaṃ yasya tat tathā | veda-vihitam eva karmāpūrva-sādhanaṃ jānīhi | na tv anyat-pāṣaṇḍa-pratipāditam ity arthaḥ | nanu pāṣaṇḍa-śāstrāpekṣayā vedasya kiṃ vailakṣaṇyaṃ yato veda-pratipādita eva dharmo nānya ity ata āha brahma vedākhyam akṣara-samudbhavam akṣarāt paramātmano nirdoṣāt puruṣa-niḥśvāsa-nyāyenābuddhi-pūrvaṃ samudbhava āvirbhāvo yasya tad-akṣara-samudbhavam | tathā cāpauruṣeyatvena nirasta-samasta-doṣāśaṅkaṃ veda-vākyaṃ pramiti-janakam iti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo 'thāṅgīrasa itihāsaḥ purāṇaṃ vidyā upaniṣadaḥ ślokāḥ sūtrāṇy anuvyākhānāni vyākhyānāny asyaivaitāni
niḥśvasitāni [BAU 2.4.10] iti |
tasmāt sākṣāt paramātma-samudbhavatayā sarva-gataṃ sarva-prakāśakaṃ nityam avināśi ca brahma vedākhyaṃ yajñe dharmākhye 'tīndriye pratiṣṭhitaṃ tātparyeṇa | ataḥ pāṣaṇḍa-pratipāditopadharma-parityāgena veda-bodhita eva dharmo 'nuṣṭheya ity arthaḥ ||15||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasya karmaṇo hetur brahma vedaḥ | vedokta-vidhi-vākya-śravaṇād eva yajñaṃ prati vyāpārotpattes tasya vedasya hetur akṣaraṃ brahma | brahmata eva vedotpatteḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ iti | tasmāt sarva-gataṃ brahma yajñe pratiṣṭhitam iti yajñena brahmāpi prāpyata iti bhāvaḥ | atra yadyapi kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvenānnādyā brahma-paryantāḥ padārtho uktās tad api teṣu madhye yajña eta vidheyatvena śāstreṇocyata iti | sa eva prastutaḥ -
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti smṛteḥ ||15||
baladevaḥ : tac ca ṛtvig-ādi-vyāpāra-rūpa-karma-brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi | brahma-vedas tasmāt tat pravṛttiṃ jānīhīty arthaḥ | tac ca veda-rūpaṃ brahma akṣarāt pareśāt samudbhavaṃ prakaṭaṃ viddhi | asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ ity ādi-śravaṇāt | yasmāt sva-sṛṣṭa-prajopajīvanāti-priyo yajñas tasmāt sarva-gataṃ nikhila-vyāpakam api brahma nityaṃ sarvadā yajñe pratiṣṭhitaṃ tenaiva tat prāpyata ity arthaḥ ||15||
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BhG 3.16
evaṃ pravartitaṃ cakraṃ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ |
aghāyur indriyārāmo moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ parameśvareṇaiva bhūtānāṃ puruṣārtha-siddhaye karmādi-cakraṃ pravartitaṃ tasmāt tad akurvato vṛthaiva jīvitam ity āha evam iti | parameśvara-vākya-bhūtād vedākhyād brahmaṇaḥ puruṣāṇāṃ karmaṇi pravṛttiḥ | tataḥ karma-niṣpattiḥ | tataḥ parjanyaḥ | tato 'nnam | tato bhūtāni | bhūtānāṃ punas tathaiva karma-pravṛttir iti | evaṃ pravartitaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati so 'ghāyuḥ | aghaṃ pāpa-rūpam āyur yasya saḥ | yata indriyair viṣayeṣv evāramati, na tu īśvarārādhanārthe karmaṇi | ato moghaṃ vyarthaṃ sa jīvati ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ : bhavaty evaṃ tataḥ kiṃ phalitam ity āha evam iti | parameśvarāt sarvāvabhāsaka-nitya-nirdoṣa-vedāvirbhāvaḥ | tataḥ karma-parijñānaṃ tato 'nuṣṭhānād dharmotpādaḥ | tataḥ parjanyas tato 'nnaṃ tato bhūtāni punas tathaiva bhūtānāṃ karma-pravṛttir ity evaṃ parameśvareṇa pravartitaṃ cakraṃ sarva-jagan-nirvāhakaṃ yo nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati so 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvano moghaṃ vyartham eva jīvati he pārtha tasya jīvanān maraṇam eva varaṃ janmāntare dharmānuṣṭhāna-sambhavād ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - atho ayaṃ vā ātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ lokaḥ sa yaj juhoti yad yajate tena devānāṃ loko 'tha yad anubrūte tena ṛṣīṇām atha yat-pitṛbhyo nipṛṇāti yat prajām icchate tena pitṝṇām atha yan manuṣyān vāsayate yad ebhyo 'śanaṃ dadāti tena manuṣyāṇām
atha yat paśubhyas tṛṇodakaṃ vindati tena paśūnāṃ yad asya gṛheṣu śvāpadā vayāṃsyāpipīlikābhya upajīvanti tena teṣāṃ lokaḥ [BAU 1.4.16] iti |
brahma-vidaṃ vyāvartayati indriyārāma iti | yata indriyair viṣayeṣv āramati ataḥ karmādhikārī saṃs tad-akaraṇāt pāpam evācinvan vyartham eva jīvatīty abhiprāyaḥ ||16||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad-anuṣṭhāne pratyavāyam āha evam iti | cakraṃ pūrva-paścād-bhāgena pravartitam | yajñān parjanyaḥ | parjanyād annam | annāt puruṣaḥ | puruṣāt punar yajñaḥ | yajñāt parjanya ity evaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati yajñānuṣṭhānena na parivartayati, sa aghāyuḥ pāpa-vyāptāyuḥ | ko narake na maṅkṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||16||
baladevaḥ : yajñākaraṇe doṣam āhaivam iti | parasmād brahmaṇo vedāvirbhāvas tasmād brahma-pratibodhakāt yajñas tataḥ parjanyas tato 'nnaṃ tato bhūtāni punas tathaiva bhūtānāṃ karma-pravṛttir ity evaṃ nikhila-jagan-nirvāhakaṃ pareśena prajāpatinā pravartitaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati sa janaḥ pareśa-vimukho 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvano moghaṃ vyartham eva jīvati | he pārtha yad asāv indriyair viṣayeṣv eva ramate na tu para-brahmābhimate yajñe tac-cheṣāśane ca ||16||
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BhG 3.17
yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ
ātmany eva ca saṃtuṣṭas tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate || 17 ||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ na karmaṇām ārambhād ity-ādinā ajñasya antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ karma-yogam uktvā jñāninaḥ karmānupayogam āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany eva ratiḥ prītir yasya saḥ | tataś cātmany eva tṛptaḥ svānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | ataeva ātmany eva santuṣṭo bhogāpekṣā-rahito yas tasya kartavyaṃ karma nāstīti ||17||
ṃadhusūdanaḥ: yas tv indriyārāmo na bhavati paramārtha-darśī sa evaṃ jagac-cakra-prabhṛti-hetu-bhūtaṃ karmānanutiṣṭhann api na pratyavaiti kṛtakṛtyatvād ity āha dvābhyām yas tv iti | indriyārāmo hi srak-candana-vanitādiṣu ratim anubhavati manojñānna-pānādiṣu tṛptiṃ paśu-putra-hiraṇyādi-lābhena rogādy-abhāvena ca tuṣṭim | ukta-viṣayābhāve rāgiṇām araty-atṛpty-atuṣṭi-darśanād rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭyau mano-vṛtti-viśeṣāḥ sākṣi-siddhāḥ | labdha-paramātmānanas tu dvaita-darśanābhāvād atiphalgutvāc ca viṣaya-sukhaṃ na kāmayata ity uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | ato 'nātma-viṣayaka-rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭy-abhāvād ātmānaṃ paramānandam advayaṃ sākṣātkurvann upacārād evam ucyate - ātma-ratir ātma-tṛpta ātma-santuṣṭa iti | tathā ca śrutiḥ - ātma-krīḍa
ātma-ratiḥ kriyāvān eva brahma-vidāṃ variṣṭhaḥ iti | ātma-tṛptaś ceti cakāra eva-kārānukarṣaṇārthaḥ | mānava iti yaḥ kaścid api manuṣya evambhūtaḥ sa eva kṛtakṛtyo na tu brāhmaṇatvādi-prakarṣeṇeti kathayitum | ātmany eva ca santuṣṭa ity atra ca-kāraḥ samuccayārthaḥ | ya evambhūtasyādhikāra-hetv-abhāvāt kim api kāryaṃ vaidikaṃ laukikaṃ vā na vidyate ||17||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ niṣkāmatvāsāmarthye sa-kāmo 'pi karma kuryād evety uktam | yas tu śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvāt jñāna-bhūmikām ārūḍhaḥ sa tu nityaṃ kāmyaṃ ca na karotīty āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātma-ratir ātmārāmo yata ātma-tṛptaḥ ātmānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | na svātmani nirvṛto bahir-viṣaya-bhoge 'pi kiñcin nirvṛto bhavatu | atra naivety āhaātmany eva na tu bahir-viṣaya-bhoge tasya kāryaṃ kartavyatvena karma nāsti ||17||
baladevaḥ : yas tu mad-uktena niṣkāma-karmaṇā mad-upāsanena ca vimṛṣṭe citta-darpaṇe sañjātena dharma-bhūta-jñānenātmānam adarśat tasya na kiñcit karma kartavyam ity āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany apahata-pāpmatvādi-guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭe sva-svarūpe avalokite ratir yasya saḥ | ātmanā sva-prakāśānandenāvalokitena tṛpto na tv anna-pānādinā | ātmany eva ca tādṛśe santuṣṭo na tu nṛtya-gītādau | tasyaivambhūtasya tad-avalokānāya kiñcit karma kartavyaṃ na vidyate sarvadāvalokitātma-svarūpatvāt ||17||
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BhG 3.18
naiva tasya kṛtenārtho nākṛteneha kaścana |
na cāsya sarvabhūteṣu kaś cid arthavyapāśrayaḥ || 18 ||
śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha naiveti | kṛtena karmaṇā tasya arthaḥ puṇyaṃ naivāsti | na cākṛtena kaścana ko 'pi pratyavāyo 'sti | nirahaṅkāratvena vidhi-niṣedhātītatvāt | tathāpi tasmāt tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣā vidur iti śrtuer mokṣe deva-kṛta-vighna-sambhavāt tat-parihārārthaṃ karmabhir devāḥ sevyā ity āśaṅkyoktaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ āśraya eva vyapāśrayaḥ | artho mokṣa āśrayaṇīyo 'sya nāstīty arthaḥ | vighnābhāvasya śrutyaivoktatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- tasya ha na devāś ca nābhūtyā īśate ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati iti śravaṇāt | hanety avyayam apy-arthe | devā api tasyātma-tattva-jñasya abhūtyai brahma-bhāva-pratibandhāya neśate na śaknuvantīti śruter arthaḥ | deva-kṛtās tu vighnāḥ samyag-jñānotpatteḥ
prāg eva | yad etad brahma manuṣyā vidus tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyam iti brahma-jñānasyaiva apriyatvoktyā tatraiva vighna-kartṛtvasya sūcitatvāt ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv ātmavido 'pi abhyudayārthaṃ niḥśreyasārthaṃ pratyavāya-parihārārthaṃ vā karma syād ity ata āha naiveti | tasyātma-rateḥ kṛtena karmaṇābhyudaya-lakṣaṇo niḥśreyasa-lakṣaṇo vārthaṃ prayojanaṃ naivāsti tasya svargādy-abhyudayānarthitvāt | niḥśreyasasya ca karmāsādhyatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - parīkṣya lokān karma-cittān brāhmaṇo nirvedam āyān nāsty akṛtaḥ kṛtena iti | akṛto nityo mokṣaḥ kṛtena karmaṇā nāstīty arthaḥ | jñāna-sādhyasyāpi vyāvṛttir eva-kāreṇa sūcitā | ātma-rūpasya hi niḥśreyasya nitya-prāptasyājñāna-mātram aprāptiḥ | tac ca tattva-jñāna-mātrāpanodyam | tasmiṃs tattva-jñānenāpanunne tasyātma-vido na kiṃcit karma-sādhyaṃ jñāna-sādhyaṃ vā prayojanam astīty arthaḥ |
evaṃbhūtenāpi pratyavāya-parihārārthaṃ karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāny evety ata āha nākṛteneti | bhāve niṣṭhā | nitya-karmākaraṇeneha loke garhitatva-rūpaḥ pratyavāya-prāpti-rūpo vā kaścanārtho nāsti | sarvatropapattim āhottarārdhena | co hetau | yasmād asyātma-vidaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu ko 'pi artha-vyapāśrayaḥ prayojana-sambandho nāsti | kaṃcid bhūta-viśeṣam āśritya ko 'pi kriyā-sādhyo 'rtho nāstīti vākyārthaḥ | ato 'sya kṛtākṛte niṣprayojanaṃ naiva kṛtākṛte tapataḥ iti śruteḥ | tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśata ātmā hy eṣāṃ na bhavati iti śruter devā api tasya mokṣābhavanāya na samarthā ity ukter na vighnābhāvārtham api devārādhana-rūpa-karmānuṣṭhānam ity abhiprāyaḥ |
etādṛśo brahma-vid-bhūmikā-saptaka-bhedena nirūpito vasiṣṭhena -
jñāna-bhūmiḥ śubhecchākhyā prathamā parikīrtitā |
vicāraṇā dvitīyā syāt tṛtīyā tanu-mānasā ||
sattvāpattiś caturthī syāt tato 'saṃsakti-nāsikā |
padārthābhāvanī ṣaṣṭhī saptamī turyagā smṛtā || iti |
tatra nityānitya-vastu-vivekādi-puraḥsarā phala-paryavasāyinī mokṣecchā prathamā | tato gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākya-vicāraḥ śravaṇa-mananātmako dvitīyā | tato nididhyāsanābhyāsena manasa ekāgratayā sūkṣma-vastu-grahaṇa-yogyatvaṃ tṛtīyā | etad bhūmikā-trayaṃ sādhana-rūpaṃ jāgrad-avasthocyate yogibhiḥ | bhedena jagato bhānāt | tad uktam -
bhūmikā-tritayaḥ tv etad rāma jāgrad iti sthitam |
yathāvad bheda-buddhyedaṃ jagaj jāgrati dṛśyate || iti |
tato vedānta-vākyān nirvikalpako brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāraś caturthī bhūmikā phala-rūpā sattvāpattiḥ svapnāvasthocyate | sarvasyāpi jagato mithyātvena sphuraṇāt | tad uktam -
advaite sthairyam āyāte dvaite praśamam āgate |
paśyanti svapnaval lokaṃ caturthīṃ bhūmikām itāḥ || iti |
so 'yaṃ caturtha-bhūmiṃ prāpto yogī brahmavid ity ucyate | pañcamī-ṣaṣṭhī-saptamyas tu bhūmikā jīvanmukter evāvāntara-bhedāḥ | tatra savikalpaka-samādhy-abhyāsena niruddhe manasi yā nirvikalpaka-samādhy-avasthā sāsaṃsaktir iti suṣuptir iti cocyate | tataḥ svayam eva vyutthānāt | so 'yaṃ yogī brahma-vid-varaḥ | tatas tad-abhyāsa-paripākeṇa cira-kālāvasthāyinī sā padārthābhāvanīti gāḍha-suṣuptir iti cocyate | tataḥ svayam anusthitasya yoginaḥ para-prayatnenaiva vyutthānāt | so 'yaṃ brahmavid varīyān | uktaṃ hi -
pañcamīṃ bhūmikām etya suṣupti-padanāmikām |
ṣaṣṭhīṃ gāḍha-suṣupty-ākhyāṃ kramāt patati bhūmikām || iti |
yasyās tu samādhy-avasthāyā na svato na vā parato vyutthito bhavati sarvathā bheda-darśanābhāvāt | kintu sarvadā tanmaya eva sva-prayatnam antareṇaiva parameśvara-prerita-prāṇa-vāyu-vaśād anyair nirvāhyamāṇa-daihika-vyavahāraḥ paripūrṇa-paramānanda-ghana eva sarvatas tiṣṭhati | sā saptamī turīyāvasthā | tāṃ prāpto brahmavid variṣṭha ity ucyate | uktaṃ hi -
ṣaṣṭhyāṃ bhūmām asau sthitvā saptamīṃ bhūmikām āpnuyāt |
kiṃcid evaiṣa sampannas tv athavaiṣa na kiṃcana ||
videha-muktatā tūktā saptamī yoga-bhūmikā |
agamyā vacasāṃ śāntā sā sīmā yoga-bhūmiṣu || iti |
yām adhikṛtya śrīmad-bhāgavate smaryate -
dehaṃ ca naśvaram avasthitam utthitaṃ vā
siddho na paśyati yato 'dhyagamat svarūpam |
daivād apetam atha daiva-vaśād upetaṃ
vāso yathā parikṛtaṃ madirā-madāndhaḥ ||
deho 'pi daiva-vaśa-gaḥ khalu karma yāvat
svārambhakaṃ pratisamīkṣata eva sāsuḥ |
taṃ sa-prapañcam adhirūṭha-samādhi-yogaḥ
svāpnaṃ punar na bhajate pratibuddha-vastuḥ ||[BhP 11.13.36-37]
śrutiś ca - tad yathā 'hinirlvyayanī valmīke mṛtā pratyastā śayītaivam evedaṃ śarīraṃ śete 'thāyam aśarīro 'mṛtaḥ prāṇo brahmaiva teja eva iti |
tatrāyaṃ saṅgrahaḥ -
caturthī bhūmikā jñānaṃ tisraḥ syuḥ sādhanaṃ purā |
jīvan-mukter avasthāstu parās tisraḥ prakīrtitāḥ ||
atra prathama-bhūmi-trayam ārūḍho 'jño 'pi na karmādhikārī kiṃ punas tattva-jñānī tad-viśiṣṭo jīvan-mukto vety abhiprāyaḥ ||18||
viśvanātha: kṛtenānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā nārtho na phalam | akṛtena kañcana pratavāyo 'pi na, yasmād asya sarva-bhūteṣu brahmāṇḍa-sthāvarādiṣu madhye kaścid apy arthāya sva-prayojanārthaṃ vyapāśraya āśrayaṇīyo na bhavati | purāṇādiṣu vyapāśraya-śabdena tathaivocyate, yathā -
vāsudeve bhagavati bhaktim udvahatāṃ nṛṇām |
jñāna-vairāgya-vīryāṇāṃ neha kaścid vyapāśrayaḥ || [BhP 6.17.31] iti |
tathā-yad-upāśrayāśrayāḥ śuddhyanti [BhP 2.7.46] iti | saṃsthā-hetur upāśrayaḥ ity ādāv apy apety upasargasyānadhikārthaṃ dṛṣṭam ||18||
baladevaḥ : kṛtena tad-avalokanāyānuṣṭhitena karmaṇārthaḥ phalaṃ naivāsti | akṛtena tad-avalokanāsādhanena karmaṇā kaścanānarthaś ca tad-avalokana-kṣati-lakṣaṇa iha na bhavati | svābhāvikātmāvalokanāt | na tv īdṛśo 'pi deva-kṛtād vighnād bibhyat tat-toṣāya tat-pūjātmakaṃ karma kuryāt | śrutiś ca devān jñāna-dviṣaḥ prāha-tasmāt tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣā vidur iti | tatrāha na ceti | asya labdhātmāvalokasya viduṣaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu deveṣu mānaveṣu ca madhye kaścid apy arthāyātma-ratir nairvighnāya vyapāśrayaḥ karmabhiḥ sevyo na bhavati | jñānodayāt pūrvam eva deva-kṛtā vighnāḥ tenātma-ratau satyāṃ tu na tat-kṛtās te tat-prabhāveṇa sambhavanti | tasya ha na devāś ca nābhūtyā īśate ātmā hy eṣāṃ sambhavati iti śravaṇāt | hanety
apy-arthe nipātaḥ | devā api tasyātmānubhavino |bhūtyai ātma-rati-kṣataye neśate | hi yasmād eṣāṃ sa ātmā tadvat preṣṭho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||
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BhG 3.19
tasmād asaktaḥ satataṃ kāryaṃ karma samācara
asakto hy ācaran karma param āpnoti pūruṣaḥ ||19||
śrīdharaḥ :yasmād evambhūtasya jñānina eva karmānupayogo nānyasya tasmāt tvaṃ karma kurv ity āha tasmād iti | asaktaḥ phala-saṅga-rahitaḥ san kāryam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ nityaṃ naimittikaṃ karma samyag ācara | hi yasmād asaktaḥ karmācaran puruṣaḥ paraṃ mokṣaṃ citta-śuddhi-jñāna-dvārā prāpnoti ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmān na tvam evaṃbhūto jñānī kintu karmādhikṛta eva mumukṣuḥ | asaktaḥ phala-kāmanā-rahitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā na tu kadācit kāryam avaśya-kartavyaṃ yāvaj-jīvādi-śruti-coditaṃ tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śrutyā jñāne viniyuktaṃ karma nitya-naimittika-lakṣaṇaṃ samyag ācara yathā-śāstraṃ nirvartaya | asakto hi yasmād ācarann īśvarārthaṃ karma kurvan sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa paraṃ mokṣam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eva sat-puruṣo nānya ity abhiprāyaḥ ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tava jñāna-bhūmikārohaṇe nāsti yogyatā | kāmya-karmaṇi tu sad-vivekavatas tava naivādhikāraḥ | tasmāt niṣkāma-karmaiva kurv ity āha tasmād iti | kāryam avaśya-kartavyatvena vihitaṃ paraṃ mokṣam ||19||
baladevaḥ : yasmāl labdhātmāvalokanasyaiva karmānupayogas tasmād etādṛktvaṃ kāryaṃ kartavyatvena vihitaṃ karma samācara | asaktaḥ phalecchā-śūnyaḥ san | paraṃ dehādi-bhinnam ātmānam āpnoty avalokate yāthātmyena ||19||
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BhG 3.20
karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ
loka-saṃgraham evāpi saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||20||
śrīdharaḥ : atra sadācāraṃ pramāṇayati karmaṇaiveti | karmaṇaiva śuddha-sattvāḥ santaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ samyag-jñānaṃ prāptā ity arthaḥ | yadyapi tvaṃ samyag-jñāninam evātmānaṃ manyase, tathāpi karmācaraṇaṃ bhadram evety āha loka-saṅgraham ity ādi | lokasya saṅgrahaṃ sva-dharme pravartanam | mayā karmaṇi kṛte janaḥ sarvo 'pi kariṣyati | anyathā jñāni-dṛṣṭāntenājño nija-dharmaṃ nityaṃ karma tyajan patet | ity evaṃ loka-rakṣaṇam api tāvat prayojanaṃ saṃpaśyan kathaṃ kartum evārhasi | na tyaktum ity arthaḥ ||20||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu vividiṣor api jñāna-niṣṭhā-prāpty-arthaṃ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanānuṣṭhānāya sarva-karma-tyāga-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃnyāso vihitaḥ | tathā ca na kevalaṃ jñānina eva karmānadhikāraḥ kintu jñānārthino 'pi viraktasya | tathā ca mayāpi viraktena jñānārthinā karmāṇi heyāny evety arjunāśaṅkāṃ kṣatriyasya saṃnyāsānadhikāra-pratipādanenāpanudati bhagavān karmaṇaiveti |
janakādayo janakā-jāta-śatru-prabhṛtayaḥ śruti-smṛti-prasiddhāḥ kṣatriyā vidvāṃso 'pi karmaṇaiva saha na tu karma-tyāgena sa saṃsiddhiṃ śravaṇādi-sādhyāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhām āsthitāḥ prāptāḥ | hi yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api kṣatriyo vividiṣur vidvān vā karma kartum arhasīty anuṣaṅgaḥ | brāhmaṇaḥ putraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti iti saṃnyāsa-vidhāyake vākye brāhmaṇatvasya vivakṣitatvāt | svārājya-kāmo rājā rāja-sūyena yajeta ity atra kṣatriyatvāvat | catvāra āśramā brāhmaṇasya trayo rājan yasya dvau vaiśyasya iti ca smṛteḥ | purāṇe 'pi -
mukhajānāmayaṃ dharmo yad viṣṇor liṅga-dhāraṇam |
bāhu-jātoru-jātānām nāyaṃ dharmaḥ praśasyate ||
iti kṣatriya-vaiśyayoḥ saṃnyāsābhāva uktaḥ | tasmād yuktam evoktaṃ bhagavatā karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ |
sarve rājāśritā dharmā rājā dharmasya dhārakaḥ ity ādi smṛter varṇāśrama-pravartakatvenāpi kṣatriyo 'vaśyaṃ karma kuryād ity āha loketi | lokānāṃ sve sve dharme pravartanam unmārgān nivartanaṃ ca loka-saṅgrahas taṃ paśyann api-śabdāj janakādi-śiṣṭācāram api paśyan karma kartum arhasy evety anvayaḥ | kṣatriya-janma-prāpakeṇa karmaṇārabdha-śarīras tvaṃ vidvān api janakādivat prārabdha-karma-phalena loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ karma kartuṃ yogyo bhavasi na tu tyaktuṃ brāhmaṇa-janmālābhād ity abhiprāyaḥ | etādṛśa-bhagavad-abhiprāya-vidā bhagavatā bhāṣya-kṛtā brāhmaṇasyaiva saṃnyāso nānyasyeti nirṇītam | vārtika-kṛtā tu prauḍhi-vāda-mātreṇa kṣatriya-vaiśyayor api saṃnyāso 'stīty uktam iti draṣṭavyam ||20||
viśvanāthaḥ : atra sadācāraṃ pramāṇayati karmaṇeti | yadi vā tvam ātmānaṃ jñānā̆dhikāriṇaṃ manyase, tad api loke śikṣā grahaṇārthaṃ karmaiva kurv ity āha loketi ||20||
baladevaḥ : sadācāram atra pramāṇayati karmaṇaiveti | karmaṇaivopāyena viśuddha-cittāḥ santaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ svātmāvalokana-lakṣaṇām āsthitāḥ prāpuḥ | karmaṇaiveti viśeṣaṇa-sambandha eva-kāras tasyāyogaṃ vyavacchinnatti śaṅkha-pāṇḍura evetivat | tena śravaṇāder na vyudāsaḥ | karmaṇā yajñādinā sahaiva śravaṇādineti kecit |
nanu saniṣṭhasyātmāvalokane karmānuṣṭhānaṃ nāstīty uktam | mama pariniṣṭhitasyāvalokita-sva-parātmanaḥ karmopadeśaḥ kuta iti cet tatrāha loketi | satyaṃ tvam īdṛśa eva tathāpi loka-saṅgrahāya karma kurv iti arjune mayi karma kurvāṇe sarva-lokaḥ karma kariṣyati | itarathā mad-dṛṣṭāntenājño 'pi lokaḥ karma tyajan patiṣyatīti loka-saṃrakṣaṇaṃ tat phalam ||20||
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BhG 3.21
yad yad ācarati śreṣṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ |
sa yat pramāṇaṃ kurute lokas tad anuvartate ||21||
śrīdharaḥ : karma-karaṇe loka-saṅgraho yathā syāt tad āha yad iti | itaraḥ prākṛto 'pi janas tat tad evācarati | sa śreṣṭho janaḥ karma-śāstraṃ tan-nivṛtti-śāstraṃ vā yat pramāṇaṃ manyate, tad eva loko 'py anusarati ||21||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu mayā karmaṇi kriyamāṇe 'pi lokaḥ kim iti tat-saṅgṛhṇīyād ity āśaṅkya śreṣṭhācārānuvidhāyitvād ity āha yad yad iti | śreṣṭhaḥ pradhāna-bhūto rājādir yad yat karmācarati śubham aśubhaṃ vā tat tad evācaratītaraḥ prākṛtas tad-anugato janaḥ | na tv anyat svātantryeṇety arthaḥ |
nanu śāstram avalokyāśāstrīyaṃ śreṣṭhācāraṃ parityajya śāstrīyam eva kuto nācarati loka ity āśaṅkyācāravat pratipattāv api śreṣṭhānusāritām itarasya darśayati sa yad iti | sa śreṣṭho yal laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā pramāṇaṃ kurute pramāṇatvena manyate tad eva loko 'py anuvartate pramāṇaṃ kurute na tu svātantryeṇa kiṃcid ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pradhāna-bhūtena tvayā rājñā loka-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ karma kartavyam eva pradhānānuyāyino jana-vyavahārā bhavantīti nyāyād ity abhiprāyaḥ ||21||
viśvanāthaḥ : loka-saṅgraha-prakāram evāha yad yad iti ||21||
baladevaḥ : loka-saṅgraha-prakāram evāha yad yad iti | śreṣṭho mahattamo yat karma yathācarati tat karma tathaivetaraḥ kaniṣṭho 'py ācarati | sa śresṭhas tasmin karmaṇi yac chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ kurute manyate lokaḥ kaniṣṭho 'pi tad-anuyāyī tad evānuvartate 'nasarati | śāstropetaṃ śreṣṭhācaraṇaṃ kalyāṇa-lipsunā kaniṣṭhenānuṣṭheyam ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ ca tejasvinaḥ śreṣṭhasya ca yat kvacit svairācaraṇaṃ tad-vyāvṛtam | tasya śreṣṭha-kṛtatve 'pi śāstropetatvābhāvāt ||21||
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BhG 3.22
na me pārthāsti kartavyaṃ triṣu lokeṣu kiṃcana |
nānavāptam avāptavyaṃ varta eva ca karmaṇi ||22||
śrīdharaḥ : atra cāhameva dṛṣṭānta ity āha na ma iti tribhiḥ | he pārtha ! me kartavyaṃ nāsti | yatas triṣv api lokeṣu anavāptam aprāptaṃ sadāvaptavyaṃ prāpyaṃ nāsti | tathāpi karmaṇy ahaṃ varta eva karma karomy evety arthaḥ ||22||
madhusūdanaḥ : atra cāham eva dṛṣṭānta ity āha na ma iti tribhiḥ | he pārtha na me mama triṣv api lokeṣu kim api kartavyaṃ nāsti | yato 'navāptaṃ phalaṃ kiṃcin mamāvāptavyaṃ nāsti | tathāpi varta eva karmaṇy ahaṃ karma karomy evety arthaḥ | pārtheti sambodhayan viśuddha-kṣatriya-vaṃśodbhavas tvaṃ śūrāpatyāpatyatvena cātyantaṃ mat-samo 'ham iva vartitum arhasīti darśayati ||22||
viśvanāthaḥ : atrāham eva dṛṣṭānta ity āha tribhiḥ ||22||
baladevaḥ : śreṣṭhaḥ karma-phala-nirapekṣo 'pi loka-saṅgrahāya śāstroditāni karmāṇy ācared ity arthe svaṃ dṛṣṭāntam āha na me pārtheti tribhiḥ | sarveśasya satya-saṅkalpasya satya-kāmasya me kartavyaṃ nāsti | phalārthinā khalu karmānuṣṭheyam | na ca nikhila-phalāśrayasya svayaṃ parama-phalātmano me karmāpekṣyam ity arthaḥ | etad darśayati triṣv iti | yataḥ sarveṣu lokeṣu karmaṇā yat phalam avāptavyaṃ tad-anavāptam alabdhaṃ mama nāsti sarvaṃ tan madīyam evety arthaḥ | tathāpi śāstroktaṃ karmāhaṃ karomy evety āha varta iti ||22||
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BhG 3.23
yadi hy ahaṃ na varteyaṃ jātu karmaṇy atandritaḥ |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ||23||
śrīdharaḥ : akaraṇe lokasya nāśaṃ darśayati yadi hy aham iti | jātu kadācit | atandrito 'nalasaḥ san yadi karmaṇi na varteya karma nānutiṣṭheyam, tarhi mamaiva vartma mārgaṃ manuṣyā anuvartante anuverterann ity arthaḥ ||23||
madhusūdanaḥ : loka-saṅgraho 'pi na te kartavyo viphalatvād ity āśaṅkyāha yadi hy aham iti | yadi punar aham atandrito 'nalasaḥ san karmaṇi jātu kadācin na varteya nānutiṣṭheyaṃ karmāṇi tadā mama śreṣṭhasya sato vartma mārgaṃ he pārtha manuṣyāḥ karmādhikāriṇaḥ santo 'nuvartante 'nuvarteran sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||23||
viśvanāthaḥ : anuvartate 'nuvarterann ity arthaḥ ||23||
baladevaḥ : yadīti | ahaṃ sarveśvaraḥ siddha-sarvārtho 'pi yadu-kulāvatīrṇo jātu kadācit tat-kulocite śāstrokte karmaṇi na varteya tan na kuryām atandritaḥ sāvadhānaḥ san tarhi māṃ dṛṣṭāntaṃ kṛtvā manuṣyāḥ śreṣṭhasya mama vartma kula-vihitācāra-tyāga-rūpam anuvarteran tato bhraṃśerann ity arthaḥ ||23||
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BhG 3.24
utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṃ karma ced aham |
saṃkarasya ca kartā syām upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ ||24||
śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha utsīdeyur iti | utsīdeyur dharma-lopena naśyeyuḥ | tataś ca yo varṇa-saṅkaro bhavet tasyāpy aham eva kartā syāṃ bhaveyam | evam aham eva prajā upahanyāṃ malinīkuryām iti ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : śreṣṭhasya tava mārgānuvartitvaṃ manuṣyāṇām ucitam eva anuvartitve ko doṣa ity ata āha utsīdeyur iti | aham īśvaraś ced yadi karma na kuryāṃ tadā mad-anuvartināṃ manv-ādīnām api karmānupapatter loka-sthiti-hetoḥ karmaṇo lopeneme sarve lokā utsīdeyur vinaśyeyuḥ | tataś ca varṇa-saṃkarasya ca kartāham eva syām | tena cemāḥ sarvāḥ prajā aham evopahanyāṃ dharma-lopena vināśayeyam | kathaṃ ca prajānām anugrahārthaṃ pravṛtta īśvaro 'haṃ tāḥ sarvā vināśayeyam ity abhiprāyaḥ |
yad yad ācaratīty āder aparā yojanā | na kevalaṃ loka-saṃgrahaṃ sampaśyan kartum arhasy api tu śreṣṭhācāratvād apīty āha yad yad iti | tathā ca mama śreṣṭhasya yādṛśa eva ācāras tādṛśa eva mad-anuvartinā tvayānuṣṭheyo na svātantryeṇānya ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśas tavācāro yo mayānuvartanīya ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ na me pārthety ādibhis tribhiḥ ślokais tat-pradarśanam iti ||24||
viśvanāthaḥ : utsīdeyur māṃ dṛṣṭāntīkṛtya dharmam akurvāṇā bhraṃśeyuḥ | tataś ca varṇa-saṅkaro bhavet tasyāpy aham eva kartā syām evam aham eva prajā hanyām | malināḥ kuryām ||24||
baladevaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ syād ity āha utsīdeyur iti | ahaṃ sarva-śreṣṭhaś cet śāstroktaṃ karma na kuryāṃ tarhīme lokā utsīdeyur vibhraṣṭa-maryādāḥ syuḥ | tad-vibhraṃśe sati yaḥ saṅkaraḥ syāt tasyāpy aham eva kartā syām | evaṃ ca prajāpatir aham imāḥ prajāḥ sāṅkarya-doṣeṇopahanyāṃ malināḥ kuryām | tathā ca - eṣa setur vidharaṇa eṣāṃ lokānām asaṃbhedāya iti śrutyā loka-maryādā-vidhārakatvena parigītasya me tan-maryādā-bhedakatvaṃ syād iti | evaṃ upadiśato 'pi harer yat kiṃcit sva-bhakta-sukhecchoḥ svairācaritaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ, tat khalu vidhāyakena tad-vacasānupetatvād īśvarīyatvāc cāvarair naivācaraṇīyam | yad uktaṃ śrīmatā śukena -
īśvarāṇāṃ vacaḥ satyaṃ
tathaivācaritaṃ kvacit |
teṣāṃ yat sva-vaco-yuktaṃ
buddhimāṃs tat samācaret ||
naitat samācarej jātu
manasāpi hy anīśvaraḥ |
vinaśyaty ācaran mauḍhyād
yathārudro |bdhi-jaṃ viṣam || [BhP 10.33.31-2] iti ||24||
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BhG 3.25
saktāḥ karmaṇy avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata |
kuryād vidvāṃs tathāsaktaś cikīrṣur loka-saṃgraham ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : tasmād ātmavidāpi loka-saṅgrahārtha tat-kṛpayā karma kāryam evety upasaṃharati saktā iti | karmaṇi saktā abhiniviṣṭāḥ santo yathājñāḥ karmāṇi kurvanti, asaktaḥ san vidvān api kuryāt loka-saṃgraham kartum icchuḥ ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu taveśvarasya loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇasyāpi kartṛtvābhimānābhāvān na kāpi kṣatiḥ | mama tu jīvasya loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇasya kartṛtvābhimānena jñānābhibhavaḥ syād ity ata āha saktā iti | saktāḥ kartṛtvābhimānena phalābhisandhinā ca karmaṇy abhiniviṣṭā avidvāṃso 'jñā yathā kurvanti karma loka-saṃgrahaṃ kartum icchur vidvān ātmavid api tathaiva kuryāt | kintu asaktaḥ san kartṛtvābhimānaṃ phalābhisandhiṃ cākurvann ity arthaḥ | bhārateti bharata-vaṃśodbhavatvenabhā jñānaṃ tasyāṃ ratatvena vā tvaṃ yathokta-śāstrārtha-bodha-yogyo 'sīti darśayati ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt pratiṣṭhitena jñānināpi karma kartavyam ity upasaṃharati saktā iti ||25||
baladevaḥ : tasmāt pratiṣṭhite 'pi tvaṃ loka-hitāya vedoktaṃ sva-karma prakurv ity āśayenāha saktā iti | ajñā yathā karmaṇi saktāḥ phala-lipsayābhiniviṣṭās tata kurvanty evaṃ vidvān api kuryāt | kintv asaktaḥ phala-lipsā-śūnyaḥ san | sphuṭam anyat ||25||
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BhG 3.26
na buddhi-bhedaṃ janayed ajñānāṃ karma-saṅginām |
joṣayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān yuktaḥ samācaran ||26||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu kṛpayā tattva-jñānam evopadeṣṭuṃ yuktam | nety āha na buddhi-bhedam iti ajñānām ataeva karma-saṅgināṃ karmāsaktānām akartātmeopadeśena buddher bhedam anyathātvaṃ na janayet | karmaṇaḥ sakāśād buddhi-vicālanaṃ na kuryāt | api tu joṣayet sevayet | ajñān karmāṇi kārayed ity arthaḥ | katham ? yukto 'vahito bhūtvā svayam ācaran san | buddhi-vicālane kṛte sati karmasu śraddhā-nivṛtter jñānasya cānutpattes tesām ubhaya-bhraṃśaḥ syād iti bhāvaḥ ||26||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karmānuṣṭhānenaiva loka-saṃgrahaḥ kartavyo na tu tattva-jñānopadeśeneti ko hetur ata āha na buddhīti | ajñānām avivekināṃ kartṛtvābhimānena phalābhisandhinā ca karma-saṅgināṃ karmaṇy abhiniviṣṭānāṃ yā buddhir aham etat karma kariṣya etat-phalaṃ ca bhokṣya iti tasyā bhedaṃ vicālanam akartrātmopadeśena na kuryāt | kintu yukto 'vahitaḥ san vidvān loka-saṃgrahaṃ cikīrṣur avidvad-adhikārikāṇi sarva-karmaṇi samācaraṃs teṣāṃ śraddhām utpādya joṣayet prītyā sevayet | anadhikāriṇām upadeśena buddhi-vicālane kṛte karmasu śraddhā-nivṛttir jñānasya cānutpatter ubhaya-bhraṣṭatvaṃ syāt | tathā coktaṃ-
ajñasyārdha-prabuddhasya sarvaṃ brahmeti yo vadet |
mahā-niraya-jāleṣu sa tena viniyojitaḥ || iti ||26||
viśvanāthaḥ : alaṃ karma-jaḍimnā | tvaṃ karma-sannyāsaṃ kṛtvā jñānābhyāsenāham iva kṛtārthībhavaiti buddhi-bhedaṃ na janayet karma-saṅginaṃ aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvena karmasv evāsaktimatām | kintu tvaṃ kṛtārthībhaviṣyan niṣkāma-karmaiva kru iti karmāṇy eva yojayet kārayet | atra karmāṇi samācaran svayam eva dṛṣṭāntībhavet |
nanu,
svayaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ vidvān na vakty ajñāya karma hi |
na rāti rogiṇo 'pathyaṃ vāñchato 'pi bhiṣaktamaḥ || [BhP 6.9.5]
ity ajita-vākyenaitad virudhyate | satyam | tat khalu bhakty-upadeṣṭṛka-viṣayam idaṃ tu jñānopadeṣṭṛka-viṣayam ity avirodhaḥ | jñānasyāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-adhīnatvāt | tac chuddhes tu niṣkāma-karmādhīnatvāt, bhaktes tu svataḥ prābalyād antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-paryantānapekṣatvāt | yadi bhaktau śraddhām utpādayituṃ śaknuyāt, tadā karmiṇāṃ buddhi-bhedam api janayet, bhaktau śraddhāvatāṃ karmānadhikārāt -
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvan na jāyate || [BhP 11.20.9] iti |
dharmān santyajya yaḥ sarvān māṃ bhajet sa tu sattamaḥ [BhP 11.11.32]iti,
sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja [Gītā 18.66] iti,
tyaktvā sva-dharmaṃ caraṇāmbujaṃ harer
bhajann apakvo |tha patet tato yadi [BhP 1.5.17]
ity-ādi-vacanebhya iti vivecanīyam ||26||
baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca loka-hitecchur jñānī sāvahitaḥ syād ity āha na buddhīti | vidvān pariniṣṭhito 'pi karma-saṅgināṃ karma-śraddhā-jāḍya-bhājām ajñānāṃ buddhi-bhedaṃ na janayet | kiṃ karmab hir aham iva jñānenaiva kṛtārtho bhaveti karma-niṣṭhātas tad-buddhiṃ nāpanayed ity arthaḥ | kintu svayaṃ karmasu yuktaḥ sāvadhānas tāni samyak sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇācaran sarvāṇi vihitāni karmāṇi yoṣayet prītyā sevayet ajñān karmāṇi kārayed ity arthaḥ | buddhi-bhede sati karmasu śraddhā-nivṛtte jñānasya cānudayād ubhaya-vibhraṣṭās te syur iti bhāvaḥ |
svayaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ vidvān na vakty ajñāya karma hi |
na rāti rogiṇo 'pathyaṃ vāñchato 'pi bhiṣaktamaḥ || [BhP 6.9.5]
ity ajitoktis tu karma-saṅgītara-paratayā neyā ||26||
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BhG 3.27
prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ |
ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate ||27||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu viduṣo 'pi cet karma kartavyaṃ tarhi vidvad-aviduṣoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? ity āśaṅkyobhayor viśeṣaṃ darśayati prakṛter iti dvābhyām | prakṛter guṇaiḥ prakṛti-kāryair indriyaiḥ sarva-prakāreṇa kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi | tāny aham eva kartā karomīti manyate | atra hetuḥ - ahaṃkāreṇa indriyādiṣv ātmādhyāsena vimūḍha-buddhiḥ san ||27||
madhusūdanaḥ : vidvad-aviduṣoḥ karmānuṣṣṭhāna-sāmye 'pi kartṛtvābhimāna-tad-abhāvābhyāṃ viśeṣaṃ darśayan saktāḥ karmaṇīti-ślokārthaṃ vivṛṇoti dvābhyāṃ prakṛter iti | prakṛtir māyā sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-mayī mithyā-jñānātmikā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ iti śruteḥ | tasyāḥ prakṛter guṇair vikāraiḥ kārya-kāraṇa-rūpaiḥ kriyamāṇāni laukikāni vaidikāni ca karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair ahaṅkāreṇa kārya-kāraṇa-saṃghātātma-pratyayena vimūḍhaḥ svarūpa-vivekāsamartha ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya so 'haṅkāra-vimūḍhātmānātmany ātmābhimānī tāni karmāṇi kartāham iti karomy aham iti manyate kartṛtvādhyāsena | kartāham iti tṛn-pratyayaḥ | tena na lokāvyaya-niṣṭhā-khal-artha-tṛṇām
[Pāṇ 2.3.69] iti ṣaṣṭhī-pratiṣedhaḥ ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yadi vidvān api karma kuryāt, tarhi vidvad-aviduṣoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? ity āśaṅkya tayor viśeṣaṃ darśayati prakṛter iti dvābhyām | prakṛter guṇaiḥ kāryair indriyaiḥ sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāreṇa kriyamāṇāni yāni karmāṇi tāny aham eva kartā karomīty avidvān manyate ||27||
baladevaḥ : karmitva-sāmye 'pi vijñājñayor viśeṣam āha prakṛter iti dvābhyām | ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā jano 'haṃ karmāṇi karteti manyate | na lokāvyaya-niṣṭhā iti sūtrāt ṣaṣṭhī-niṣedhaḥ | karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca | tāni kīdṛśānīty āha prakṛter īśa-māyāyā guṇais tat-kāryair śarīrendriya-prāṇair īśvara-pravartitaiḥ kriyamāṇānīti | idam eva veditavyam - upakrama-vinirṇayāt saṃvid-vapur-jīvātmāsmad-arthaḥ kartā cānādi-kāla-viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanākrāntas tad-bhogārthikāṃ sva-sannihitāṃ prakṛtim āśliṣṭas tat-kāryeṇāhaṅkāreṇa vimūḍhātmā tādṛśa-sva-vijñāna-śūnyaḥ śarīrādy-ahaṃ-bhāvavān prākṛtaiḥ śarīrādibhir īśena ca siddhāni karmāṇi mayaivaikena kṛtānīti manyate | kartur ātmano yat kartṛtvaṃ tat kila dehādibhis
tribhiḥ paramātmanā ca sarva-pravartakena ca siddhyati | na tv ekena jīvenaiva | tac ca mayaiva siddhyatīti jīvo yan manyate tad ahaṅkāra-vimauḍhyād eva - adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā karthā [Gītā 18.14] ity ādikāc caramādhyāya-vākya-trayāt | kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate [Gītā 13.18] ity atra śarīrendriyādi-kartṛtvaṃ prakṛter iti yad varṇayiṣyate, tatrāpi kevalāyās tasyās tan na śakyaṃ mantum | puruṣa-saṃsargeṇaiva tat-pravṛtter aṅgīkārāt | tataś ca puruṣasya kartṛtvam avarjanīyam iti vyākhyāsyate ||27||
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BhG 3.28
tattvavit tu mahā-bāho guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ |
guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta iti matvā na sajjate ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : vidvāṃs tu na tathā manyate ity āha tattvavid iti | nāhaṃ guṇātmaka iti guṇebhya ātmano vibhāgaḥ | na me karmāṇīti karmabhyo 'py ātmano vibhāgaḥ | tayor guṇa-karma-vibhāgayor yas tattvaṃ vetti sa tu na kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ na karoti | tatra hetuḥ - guṇā iti | guṇā indriyāṇi guṇeṣu viṣayeṣu vartante nāham iti matvā ||28||
madhusūdanaḥ : vidvāṃs tu tathā na manyata ity āha tattvavid iti | tattvaṃ yāthātmyaṃ vettīti tattvavit | tu-śabdena tasyājñād vaiśiṣṭyam āha | kasya tattvam ity ata āha guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ | guṇā dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇāny ahaṅkārāspadāni karmāṇi ca teṣāṃ vyāpāra-bhūtāni mama-kārāspadānīti guṇa-karmeti dvandvaikavad bhāvaḥ | vibhajyate sarveṣāṃ jaḍānāṃ vikāriṇāṃ bhāsakatvena pṛthag bhavatīti vibhāgaḥ sva-prakāśa-jñāna-rūpo 'saṅga ātmā | guṇa-karma ca vibhāgaś ceti dvandvaḥ | tayor guṇa-karma-vibhāgayor bhāsya-bhāsakayor jaḍa-caitanyayor vikāri-nirvikārayos tattvaṃ yāthātmyaṃ yo vetti sa guṇāḥ karaṇātmakā guṇeṣu viṣayeṣu pravartante vikāritvān na tu nirvikāra ātmeti matvā na sajjate saktiṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśam atattvavid iva na karoti | he mahābāho
! iti sambodhayan sāmudrikokta-sat-puruṣa-lakṣaṇa-yogitvān na pṛthag-jana-sādhāraṇyena tvam avivekī bhavitum arhasīti sūcayati |
guṇa-vibhāgasya karma-vibhāgasya ca tattvavid iti vā | asmin pakṣe guṇa-karmaṇor ity etāvataiva nirvāhe vibhāga-padasya prayojanaṃ cintyam ||28||
viśvanāthaḥ : guṇa-karmaṇor yau vibhāgau tayos tattvaṃ vettīti saḥ | tatra guṇa-vibhāgaḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi | karma-vibhāgaḥ sattvādi-kārya-bhedā devatendriya-viṣayāḥ | tayos tattvaṃ svarūpaṃ | taj-jñas tu tattva-vit | guṇā devatāḥ prayojyānīndriyāṇi cakṣur-ādīni guṇeṣu rūpādiṣu viṣayeṣu vartante | ahaṃ tu na guṇaḥ, nāpi guṇa-kāryaḥ ko 'pi, nāpi guṇeṣu guṇa-kāryeṣu teṣu me ko 'pi sambandha iti matvā vidvāṃs tu na sajjate ||28||
baladevaḥ : vijñas tu na tathety āha tattva-vit tv iti | guṇa-vibhāgasya karma-vibhāgasya ca tattva-vit | guṇebhya indriyebhyaḥ karmabhyaś ca tat-kṛtebhyo yaḥ svayasa vibhāgo bhedas tasya tattvaṃ svarūpaṃ tat-tad-vaidharmya-paryālocanayā yo nāhaṃ guṇa-karma-vapuḥ iti vettīty arthaḥ | sa hi guṇā indriyāṇi guṇeṣu śabdādiṣu viṣayeṣu tat-tad-devatā-preritāni pravartante tān prakāśayanti | ahaṃ tv asaṅga-vijñānānandatvāt tad-bhinno, na teṣu tādrūpyeṇa varte, na tān prakāśayāmīti matvā teṣu na sajjante | kintv ātmany eva sajjate | atrāpi matvety anena kartṛtvaṃ jīvasyoktaṃ bodhyam ||28||
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BhG 3.29
prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhāḥ sajjante guṇa-karmasu |
tān akṛtsna-vido mandān kṛtsna-vin na vicālayet ||29||
śrīdharaḥ : na buddhi-bhedam ity upasaṃharati prakṛter iti | ye prakṛter guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ saṃmūḍhāḥ santaḥ guṇeṣv indriyeṣu tat-karmasu ca sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido mandān manda-matīn kṛtsna-vit sarvajño na vicālayet ||29||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ vidvad-aviduṣoḥ karmānuṣṭhāna-sāmyena vidvān aviduṣo buddhi-bhedaṃ na kuryād ity uktam upasaṃharati | prakṛteḥ pūrvoktāyā māyāyā guṇaiḥ kāryatayā dharmair dehādibhir vikāraiḥ samyaṅ mūḍhāḥ svarūpāsphuraṇena tān evātmatvena manyamānās teṣām eva guṇānāṃ dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ karmasu vyāpāreṣu sajjante saktiṃ vayaṃ kurmas tat-phalāyeti dṛḍhatarām ātmīya-buddhiṃ kurvanti ye tān karma-saṅgino 'kṛtsna-vido 'nātmābhimānino madnān aśuddha-cittatvena jñā̆nādhikāram aprāptān kṛtsna-vit paripūrṇātmavit svayaṃ na vicālayet karma-śraddhāto na pracyāvayed ity arthaḥ | ye tv amandāḥ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇās te svayam eva vivekodayena vicalanti jñānādhikāraṃ prāptā ity abhiprāyaḥ |
kṛtsnākṛtsna-śabdāv ātmānātma-paratayā śruty-arthānusāreṇa vārtika-kṛdbhir vyākhyātau -
sad evety ādi-vākyebhyaḥ kṛtsnaṃ vastu yato 'dvayam |
sambhavas tad-viruddhasya kuto 'kṛtsnasya vastunaḥ ||
yasmin dṛṣṭe 'py adṛṣṭo 'rthaḥ sa tad anyaś ca śiṣyate |
tathādṛṣṭe 'pi dṛṣṭaḥ syād akṛtsnas tādṛg ucyate || iti |
anātmanaḥ sāvayavatvād aneka-dharmavattāc ca kenacid dharmeṇa kenacid avayavena vā viśiṣṭe tasminn ekasmin ghaṭādau jñāte 'pi dharmāntareṇa avayavāntareṇa vā viśiṣṭaḥ sa evājñāto 'vaśiṣyate | tad anyaś ca paṭādir ajñāto ' vaśiṣyata eva | tathā tasmin ghaṭādāv ajñāte 'pi paṭādir jñātaḥ syād iti taj-jñāne 'pi tasyānyasya cājñānāt tad-ajñāne æpy anya-jñānāc ca so 'kṛtsna ucyate | kṛtsnas tv advaya ātmaiva taj-jñāne kasyacid avaśeṣasyābhāvād iti śloka-dvayārthaḥ ||29||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yadi jīvā guṇebhyo guṇa-kāryebhyaś ca pṛthag-bhūtās tad-asambandhās tarhi kathaṃ te viṣayeṣu sajjanto dṛśyante ? tatrāha prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhās tad-āveśāt prāpta-saṃmohā yathā bhūtāviṣṭo manuṣya ātmānaṃ bhūtam eva manyate, tathaiva prakṛti-guṇāviṣṭā jīvāḥ svān guṇān eva manyante | tato guṇa-karmasu guṇa-kāryeṣu viṣayeṣu sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido manda-matīn kṛtsna-vit sarvajño na vicālayet | tvaṃ guṇebhyaḥ pṛthag-bhūto jīvo na tu guṇaḥ iti vicāraṃ prāpayituṃ na yatate, kintu guṇāveśa-nivartakaṃ niṣkāma-karmaiva kārayet | na hi bhūtāviṣṭo manuṣyaḥ na tvaṃ bhūtaḥ kintu manuṣya eva iti śata-kṛtve 'py upadeśena na svāsthyam āpadyate, kintu tan-nivartakauṣudha-maṇi-mantrādi-prayogenaiveti bhāvaḥ ||29||
baladevaḥ : na buddhi-bhedaṃ janayed ity etad upasaṃharati prakṛter iti | prakṛter guṇena tat-kāryeṇāhaṅkāreṇa mūḍhā bhūtāveśa-nyāyena dehādikam evātmānaṃ manyamānā janā guṇānāṃ dehendriyāṇāṃ karmasu vyāpāreṣu sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido 'lpa-jñān mandān ātma-tattva-grahaṇālasān kṛtsna-vit pūrṇātma-jñāno na vicālayet guṇa-karmānyo viśuddha-caitanyānandas tvam iti tattvaṃ grāhayituṃ necchet, kintu tad-rucim anusṛtya vaidika-karmāṇi śreṇyākramād ātma-tattva-pravaṇaṃ cikīrsed iti bhāvaḥ ||29||
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BhG 3.30
mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasyādhyātma-cetasā |
nirāśīr nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaraḥ ||30||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ tattva-vido 'pi karma kartavyam | tvaṃ tu nādyāpi tattvavit | ataḥ karmaiva kurv ity āha mayīti | sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya samarpya | adhyātma-cetasā antaryāmy-adhīno 'haṃ karma karomīti dṛṣṭyā | nirāśī niṣkāmaḥ | ataeva mat-phala-sādhanaṃ mad-artham idaṃ karmety evaṃ mamatā-śūnyaś ca bhūtvā | vigata-jvaras tyakta-śokaś ca bhūtvā ||30||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-sāmye 'py ajña-vijñeyoḥ kartṛtvābhiniveśa-tad-abhāvābhyāṃ viśeṣa uktaḥ | idānīm ajñasyāpi mumukṣor amumukṣv-apekṣayā bhagavad-arpaṇaṃ phalābhisandhy-abhāvaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ vadann ajñatayārjunasya karmādhikāraṃ draḍhayati mayīti | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve parameśvare sarvajñe sarva-niyantari sarvātmani sarvāṇi karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca sarva-prakārāṇi adhyātma-cetasāhaṃ kartāntaryāmy-adhīnas tasmā eveśvarāya rājña iva bhṛtyaḥ karmāṇi karomīty anayā buddhyā saṃnyasya samarpya nirāśīr niṣkāmo nirmamo deha-putra-bhrātrādiṣu svīyeṣu mamatā-śūnyo vigata-jvaraḥ | santāpa-hetutvāc choka eva jvara-śabdenoktaḥ | aihika-pāratrika-duryaśo-naraka-pātādi-nimitta-śoka-rahitaś ca bhūtvā tvaṃ mumukṣur yudhyasva
vihitāni karmāṇi kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra bhagavad-arpaṇaṃ niṣkāmatvaṃ ca sarva-karma-sādhāraṇaṃ mumukṣoḥ | nirmamatvaṃ tyakta-śokatvaṃ ca yuddha-mātre prakṛta iti draṣṭavyam anyatra mamatāśokayor aprasaktatvāt ||30||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tvaṃ mayy adhyātma-cetasātmanīty arthaḥ | evam adhyātmam avyayībhāva-samāsāt | tataś ca ātmani yac cetas tad-adhyātma-cetas tenātma-niṣṭhenaiva cetasā, na tu viṣaya-niṣṭhenety arthaḥ | mayi karmāṇi saṃnyasya samarpya nirāśīr niṣkāmo nirmamaḥ sarvatra mamatā-śūnyo yudhyasva ||30||
baladevaḥ : mayīti | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt pariniṣṭhitas tvam adhyātma-cetaḥ svātma-tattva-viṣayaka-jñānena sarvāṇi karmāṇi rājñi bhṛtya iva mayi pareśe saṃnyasya samarpayitvā yudhyasva | kartṛtvābhiniveśa-śūnyaḥ | yathā rāja-tantro bhṛtyas tad-ājñayā karmāṇi karoti, tathā mat-tantras tvaṃ mad-ājñayā tāni kuru lokān saṃjighṛkṣuḥ | ātmani yac cetas tad adhyātma-cetas tena | vibhakty-arthe 'vyayībhāvaḥ | nirāśīḥ svāmy-ājñayā karomīti tat-phalecchā-śūnyaḥ | ataeva mat-phala-sādhanāni mad-artham amūni karmāṇīty evaṃ mamatva-varjjitaḥ | vigata-jvaras tyakta-bandhu-vadha-nimittaka-santāpaś ca bhūtveti | arjunasya kṣatriyatvād yudhyasvety uktam | svāśrama-vihitāni karmāṇi mumukṣubhiḥ kāryāṇīti vākyārthaḥ ||30||
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BhG 3.31
ye me matam idaṃ nityam anutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ |
śraddhāvanto 'nasūyanto mucyante te 'pi karmabhiḥ ||31||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ karmānuṣṭhāne guṇam āha ye ma iti | mad-vākye śraddhāvanto |nasūyanto duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayatīti doṣa-dṛṣṭim akurvantaś ca me madīyam idaṃ matam anutiṣṭhanti te 'pi śanaiḥ karma kurvāṇāḥ samyag jñānivat karmabhir mucyante ||31||
madhusūdanaḥ : phalābhisandhi-rāhityena bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā vihita-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa mukti-phalam ity āha ye ma iti | idaṃ phalābhisandhi-rāhityena vihita-karmācaraṇa-rūpaṃ mama matam nityam nitya-veda-bodhitatvenānādi-paramparā-gatam āvaśyakam iti vā sarvadeti vā | mānavāḥ manuṣyā ye kecin manuṣyādhikāritvāt karmaṇāṃ śraddhāvantaḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭe 'rthe 'nanubhūte 'py evam evaitad iti viśvāsaḥ śraddhā tadvantaḥ | anasūyanto guṇeṣu doṣāviṣkaraṇam asūyā | sā ca duḥkhātmake karmaṇi māṃ pravartayann akāruṇiko 'yam ity evaṃrūpā prakṛte prasaktā tām asūyāṃ mayi gurau vāsudeve sarva-suhṛdy akurvanto ye 'nutiṣṭhanti te 'pi sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa samyag-jñānivan tmucyante
karmabhir dharmādharmākhyaiḥ ||31||
viśvanāthaḥ : sva-kṛtopadeśe pravartayitum āha ye ma iti ||31||
baladevaḥ : śruti-rahasye svamate 'nuvartināṃ phalaṃ vadan tasya śraiṣṭhyaṃ vyañjayati ye ma iti | nityaṃ sarvadā śruti-bodhitatvenānādi-prāptaṃ vā | śraddhāvanto dṛḍha-viśvastāḥ | anasūyanto mocakatva-guṇavati tasmin kim amunā śrama-bahulena niṣphalena karmaṇety evaṃ doṣāropa-śūnyāḥ | te 'pīty apir avadhāraṇe | yad vā, ye mamedaṃ matam anutiṣṭhanti ye cānuṣṭhātum aśaknuvanto 'pi tatra śraddhālavaḥ, ye ca śraddhālavo 'pi tan nāsūyante te 'pīty arthaḥ | sāmpratānuṣṭhānābhāve 'pi tasmin śraddhayānasūyayā ca kṣīṇa-doṣās te kiṃcit prānte tad anuṣṭhāya mucyante iti bhāvaḥ ||31||
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BhG 3.32
ye tv etad abhyasūyanto nānutiṣṭhanti me matam |
sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi naṣṭān acetasaḥ ||32||
śrīdharaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv etad iti | ye tu nānutiṣṭhanti tān acetaso viveka-śūnyān ataeva sarvasmin karmaṇi brahma-viṣaye ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vimūḍhān naṣṭān viddhi ||32||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam anvaye guṇam uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha ye tv iti | tu-śabdaḥ śraddāvad-vaidharymyam aśraddhāṃ sūcayati | tena ye nāstikyād aśraddadhānā abhyasūyanto doṣam udbhāvayanta etan mama mataṃ nānuvartante tān acetaso duṣṭa-cittān ataeva sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhān sarvatra karmaṇi brahmaṇi sa-guṇe nirguṇe ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vividhaṃ pramāṇataḥ prameyataḥ prayojanataś ca mūḍhān sarva-prakāreṇāyogyān naṣṭān sarva-puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭān viddhi jānīhi ||32||
viśvanāthaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv iti |
baladevaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv etad iti | ye tu nānutiṣṭhanti tān acetaso viveka-śūnyān ataeva sarvasmin karmaṇi brahma-viṣaye ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vimūḍhān naṣṭān viddhi ||32||
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BhG 3.33
sadṛśaṃ ceṣṭate svasyāḥ prakṛter jñānavān api |
prakṛtiṃ yānti bhūtāni nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ||33||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu tarhi mahā-phalatvād indriyāṇi nigṛhya niṣkāmāḥ santaḥ sarve 'pi svadharmam eva kiṃ nānutiṣṭhanti ? tatrāha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtiḥ prācīna-karma-saṃskārādhīnaḥ svabhāvaḥ | svasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ svabhāvasya sadṛśam anurūpam eva guṇa-doṣa-jñānavān api ceṣṭate | kiṃ punar vaktavyam ajñaś ceṣṭata iti | yasmād bhūtāni sarve 'pi prāṇinaḥ prakṛtiṃ yānty anuvartante | evaṃ ca sati indriya-nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ? prakṛter balīyastvād ity arthaḥ ||33||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu rājña iva tava śāsanātikrame bhayaṃ paśyantaḥ katham asūyantas tava mataṃ nānuvartante kathaṃ vā sarva-puruṣārtha-sādhane pratikūlā bhavantīty ata āha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtir nāma prāg-janma-kṛta-dharmādharma-jñānecchādi-saṃskāro vartamāna-janmany abhivyaktaḥ sarvato balavān taṃ vidyā-karmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrva-prajñā ca iti śruti-pramāṇakaḥ | tasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ sadṛśam anurūpam eva sarvo jantur jñānavān brahmavid api paśv-ādibhiś cāviśeṣāt iti nyāyāt | guṇa-doṣa-jñānavān vā ceṣṭate kiṃ punar mūrkhaḥ | tasmād bhūtāni sarve prāṇinaḥ prakṛtiṃ yānty anuvartante puruṣārtha-bhraṃśa-hetu-bhūtām api | tatra mama vā rājño vā nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati | rāgautkaṭyena duritān nivartayituṃ na śaknotīty
arthaḥ | mahā-naraka-sādhanatvaṃ jñātvāpi durvāsanā-prābalyāt pāpeṣu pravartamānā na mac-chvāsanātikrama-doṣād bibhyatīti bhāvaḥ ||3.33||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu rājña iva tava parameśvarasya matam ananutiṣṭhanto rāja-kṛtād iva tva-kṛtān nigrahāt kiṃ na vibhāti ? satyam | ye khalu indriyāṇi cārayanto vartante, te vivvekino 'pi rājñaḥ parameśvarasya ca śāsanaṃ mantuṃ na śaknuvanti | tathaiva teṣāṃ svabhāvo 'bhūd ity āha sadṛśam iti | jñānavān api evaṃ pāpe kṛte saty evaṃ narako bhaviṣyaty evaṃ rāja-daṇḍo bhaviṣyati | evaṃ duryaśaś ca bhaviṣyatīti vivekavān api svasyāḥ prakṛteḥ cirantana-pāpābhyāsottha-duḥkha-bhārasya sadṛśam anurūpam eva ceṣṭate | tasmāt prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ yānty anusaranti | tatra nigrahas tac-chāstra-dvārā mat-kṛto rāja-kṛto vā tenāśuddha-cittān ukta-lakṣaṇo niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ śuddha-cittān jñāna-yogaś ca saṃskartuṃ prabodhayituṃ ca śaknoti, na tv atyantāśuddha-cittān,
kintu tān api pāpiṣṭha-svabhāvān yādṛcchika-mat-kṛpottha-bhakti-yoga eva uddhartuṃ prabhavet | yad uktaṃ skānde -
aho dhanyo 'si devarṣe kṛpayā yasya te kṣaṇāt |
nīco 'py utpulako lebhe lubdhako ratim ucyate ||33||
baladevaḥ : nanu sarveśvarasya te matam atikramatāṃ daṇḍaḥ śāstreṇocyate tasmāt te kim u na bibhyati ity āha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtir anādi-kāla-pravṛttyā sva-durvāsanā tasyāḥ svīyāyāḥ sadṛśam anurūpam eva jñānavān śāstroktaṃ daṇḍaṃ jānann api janaś ceṣṭate pravartate kim utājñaḥ | tato bhūtāni sarve janāḥ prakṛtiṃ puruṣārtha-vibhraṃśa-hetu-bhūtām api tāṃ yānty anusaranti | tatra nigrahaḥ śāstra-jñāno 'pi daṇḍaḥ sat-prasaṅga-śūnyasya kiṃ kariṣyati ? durvāsanāyāḥ prābalyatāṃ nivartayituṃ na śakṣyatīty arthaḥ | sat-prasaṅga-sahitasya tu tāṃ prabalām api nihanti - santa evāsya chindanti mano-vyasanam uktibhiḥ [BhP 11.26.26] ity ādi smṛtibhyaḥ ||33||
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BhG 3.34
indriyasyendriyasyārthe rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitau |
tayor na vaśam āgacchet tau hy asya paripanthinau ||34||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ prakṛty-adhīneva cet puruṣasya pravṛttis tarhi vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrasya vaiyarthyaṃ prāptam ity āśaṅkyāha indriyasyeti | indriyasyendriyasyeti-vīpsayā sarveṣām indriyāṇāṃ praty ekam ity uktam | arthe sva-sva-viṣaye 'nukūle rāgaḥ pratikūle dveṣa ity evaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv avaśyaṃ bhāvinau | tataś ca tad-anurūpā pravṛttir iti bhūtānāṃ prakṛtiḥ | tathāpi tayor vaśavartī na bhaved iti śāstreṇa niyamyate | hi yasmād | asya mumukṣos tau parinpanthinau pratipakṣau | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - viṣaya-smaraṇādinā rāga-dveṣaāv utpādyānavahitaṃ puruṣam anarthe 'tigambhīre srotasīva prakṛtir balā pravartayati | śāstraṃ tu tataḥ prāg eva viṣayeṣu rāga-dveṣa-pratibandhake parameśvara-bhajanādau taṃ pravartayati | tataś ca gambhīra-srotaḥ-pātāt pūrvam eva nāvam
āśrita iva nānarthaṃ prāpnoti | tad evaṃ svābhāvikī paśv-ādi-sadṛśīṃ pravṛttiṃ tyaktvā dharme pravartitavyam ity uktam ||34||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarvasya prāṇi-vargasya prakṛti-vaśa-vartitve laukika-vaidika-puruṣakāra-viṣayābhāvād vidhi-niṣedhārthakyaṃ prāptaṃ, na ca prakṛti-śūnyaḥ kaścid asti yaṃ prati tad-arthavattvaṃ syād ity ata āha indriyasyendriyasyārthe iti | indriyasyendriyasyeti vīpsayā sarveṣām indriyāṇām arthe viṣaye śabde sparśe rūpe gandhe ca | evaṃ karmendriya-viṣaye 'pi vacanādāv anukūle śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi rāgaḥ pratikūle śāstra-vihite 'pi dveṣa ity evaṃ pratīndriyārthaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv ānukūlya-prātikūlya-vyavasthayā sthitau na tv aniyamena sarvatra tau bhavataḥ | tatra puruṣakārasya śāstrasya cāyaṃ viṣayo yat tayor vaśaṃ nāgacched iti | kathaṃ yā hi puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ sā balavad aniṣṭānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñāna-nibandhanaṃ rāgaṃ puraskṛtyaiva
śāstra-niṣiddhe kalañja-bhakṣaṇādau pravartayati | tathā balavad-aniṣṭānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñāna-nibandhanaṃ rāgaṃ puraskṛtyaiva śāstra-niṣiddhe kalañja-bhakṣaṇādau pravartayati | tatra śāstreṇa pratiṣiddhasya balavad aniṣṭānubandhitve jñāpite sahakārya-bhāvāt kevalaṃ dṛṣṭeṣṭa-sādhanatājñānaṃ madhu-viṣa-saṃpṛktānna-bhojana iva tatra na rāgaṃ janayituṃ śaknoti | evaṃ vihitasya śāstreṇa balavad iṣṭānubandhitve bodhite sahakārya-bhāvāt kevalam aniṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānaṃ bhojanādāv iva tatra na dveṣaṃ janayituṃ śaknoti | tataś cāpratibaddhaṃ śāstraṃ vihite puruṣaṃ pravartayati niṣiddhāc ca nivartayatīti śāstrīya-viveka-vijñāna-prābalyena svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣayoḥ kāraṇopamardenopamardān na prakṛtir viparīta-mārge
puruṣaṃ śāstra-dṛṣṭiṃ pravartayituṃ śaknotīti na śāstrasya puruṣakārasya ca vaiyarthya-porasaṅgaḥ |
tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet tad-adhīno na pravarteta nivarteta vā kintu śāstrīya-tad-vipakṣa-jñānena tat-kāraṇa-vighaṭana-dvārā tau nāśayet | hi yasmāt tau rāga-dveṣau svābhāvika-doṣa-prayuktāv asya puruṣasya śreyo 'rhtinaḥ paripanthinau śatrū śreyo-mārgasya vighna-kartārau dasyū iva pathikasya | idaṃ ca dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca tataḥ kānīyasā eva devā jyāyasā asurās ta eṣu lokeṣv aspardhanta ity ādi-śrutau svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣa-nimitta-śāstra-viparīta-pravṛttim asuratvena śāstrīya-pravṛttiṃ ca devatvena nirūpya vyākhyātam ativistareṇety uparamyate ||34||
viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād duḥsvabhāveṣu lokeṣu vidhi-niṣedha-śāstraṃ na prabhavati, tasmād yāvat pāpābhyāsottha-duḥsvabhāvo nābhūt tāvad yatheṣṭam indriyāṇi na cārayed ity āha indriyasendriyasyeti vīpsā pratyekam | sarvendriyāṇām arthe sva-sva-viṣaye para-strī-mātra-gātra-darśana-sparśana-tat-sampradānaka-dravya-dānādau śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi rāgas tathā guru-vipra-tīrthātithi-darśana-sparśana-paricaraṇa-tat-sampradānaka-dhana-vitaraṇādau śāstra-vihite 'pi dveṣa ity etau viśeṣaṇāvasthitau vartete | tayor vaśam adhīnatvaṃ na prāpnuyāt | yad vā, indriyārthe strī-darśanādau rāgas tat-pratighāte kenacit kṛte sati dveṣa ity asya puruṣārtha-sādhakasya kvacit tu mano 'nukūle 'rthe surasa-snigdhānnādau rāgo manaḥ pratikūle 'rthe virasa-rukṣānnādau dveṣas tathā sva-putrādi-darśana-śravaṇādau
rāgo vairi-putrādi-darśana-śravaṇādau dveṣaḥ | tayor vaśaṃ na gacched ity vyācakṣate ||34||
baladevaḥ : nanu prakṛty-adhīnā cet puṃsāṃ pravṛttis tarhi vidhi-niṣedha-śāstre vyartha iti cet tatrhā indriyasyendriyasyeti | vīpsayā sarveṣām ity uktam | tataś ca jñānendriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnām arthe viṣaye śabdādau, karmendriyāṇām ca vāg-ādīnām arthe vacanādau rāgaḥ, pratikūle śāstra-vihite 'pi sat-sambhāṣaṇa-sat-sevana-sat-tīrthāgamanādau dveṣa ity evaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitau cānukūlya-prātikūlye vyavasthayā sthitau bhavato na tv aniyamenety arthaḥ | yadyapi tad-anuguṇā prāṇināṃ pravṛttis tathāpi śreyo-lipsur janas tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | hi yasmāt tāv asya paripanthinau vighna-kartārau bhavataḥ pānthasyeva dasyū | etad uktaṃ bhavati - anādi-kāla-pravṛttā hi vāsanā niṣṭhānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteneṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānena niṣiddhe 'pi para-dāra-sambhāṣaṇādau
rāgam utpādya puṃsaḥ pravartayati | tatheṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛtenāniṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānena vihite 'pi sat-sambhāṣaṇādau dveṣam utpādya tatas tān nivartayati | śāstraṃ kila sat-prasaṅga-śrutam aniṣṭānubhandhitva-bodhanena niṣiddhān mano 'nukūlād api nivartayati dveṣam utpādya | iṣṭānubandhitva-bodhanena vihite manaḥ-pratikūle 'pi rāgam utpādya pravartayatīti na vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrayor vaiyarthyam iti ||34||
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BhG 3.35
śreyān sva-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt |
sva-dharme nidhanaṃ śreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ ||35||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi sva-dharmasya yuddhāder duḥkha-rūpasya yathāvat kartum aśakyatvāt para-dharmasya cāhiṃsādeḥ sukaratvād dharmatvāviśeṣāc ca tatra pravartitum icchantaḥ praty āha śreyān iti | kiṃcid aṅga-hīno 'pi sva-dharmaḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | svanuṣṭhitāt sakalāṅga-sampūrtyā kṛtād api para-dharmāt sakāśāt | tatra hetuḥ - sva-dharme yuddhādau pravartamānasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreṣṭhaṃ svargādi-prāpakatvāt | para-dharmas tu bhayāvaho niṣiddhatvena naraka-prāpakatvāt ||35||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣa-prayukta-paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇa-pravṛtti-prahāṇena śāstrīyam eva karma kartavyaṃ cet tarhi yat sukaraṃ bhikṣāśanādi tad eva kriyatāṃ kim ati-duḥkhāvahena yuddhenety ata āha śreyān iti | śreyān praśasyataraḥ sva-dharmo yaṃ varṇāśramaṃ vā prati yo vihitaḥ sa tasya sva-dharmo viguṇo 'pi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāram antareṇa kṛto 'pi para-dharmāt svaṃ praty avihitāt svanuṣṭhitāt sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇa sampāditād api | na hi vedātirikta-māna-gamyo dharmaḥ, yena para-dharme 'py anuṣṭheyo dharmatvāt sva-dharmavad ity anumānaṃ tatra mānaṃ syāt | codana-lakṣaṇo 'rtho dharmaḥ iti nyāyāt | ataḥ sva-dharme kiṃcid aṅga-hīne 'pi sthitasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ para-dharma-sthasya jīvitād api | sva-dharma-sthasya nidhanaṃ
hīha-loke kīrtyāvahaṃ para-loke ca svargādi-prāpakam | para-dharmas tu ihākīrti-karatvena paratra naraka-pradatvena ca bhayāvaho yato 'to rāga-dveṣādi-prayukta-svābhāvika-pravṛttivat para-dharmo 'pi heya evety arthaḥ |
evaṃ tāvad bhagavan-matāṅgīkāriṇāṃ śreyaḥ-prāptis tad-anaṅgīkāriṇāṃ ca śreyo-mārga-bhraṣṭatvam uktam | śreyo-mārga-bhraṃśena phalābhisandhi-pūrvaka-kāmya-karmācaraṇe ca kevala-pāpa-mātrācaraṇe ca bahūni kāraṇāni kathitāni ye tv etad abhyasūyanta ity ādinā | tatrāyaṃ saṅgraha-ślokaḥ -
śraddhā-hānis tathāsūyā duṣṭa-cittatvam ūḍhate |
prakṛter vaśa-vartitvaṃ rāga-dveṣau ca puṣkalau |
para-dharma-rucitvaṃ cety uktā durmārga-vāhakāḥ |||35||
viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca yuddha-rūpasya yathāvad rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityena kartum aśakyatvāt para-dharmasya cāhiṃsādeḥ sukaratvād dharmatvāviśeṣāc ca tatra pravartitum icchantaṃ praty āha śreyān iti | viguṇaḥ kiṃcid doṣa-viśiṣṭo 'pi samyag anuṣṭhātum aśakyo 'pi para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt sādhv evānuṣṭhātuṃ śakyād api sarva-guṇa-pūrṇād api sakāśāt śreyān | tatra hetuḥ - svadharma ity ādi |
vidharmaḥ para-dharmaś ca
ābhāsa upamā chalaḥ |
adharma-śākhāḥ pañcemā
dharma-jño 'dharmavat tyajet || [BhP 7.15.12] iti saptamokteḥ ||35||
baladevaḥ : nanu sva-prakṛti-nirmitāṃ rāga-dveṣa-mayīṃ paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇīṃ pravṛttiṃ vihāya śāstrokteṣu dharmeṣu vartitavyam ity uktam | dharma-hṛd-viśuddhau tādṛśa-pravṛttir nivartena, dharmāś ca yuddhādivad ahiṃsādayo 'pi śāstreṇoktāḥ | tasmād rāga-dveṣa-rāhityena kartum aśakyād yuddhāder ahiṃsā-śiloñcha-vṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharma uttama iti cet tatrāha śreyān iti |
yasya varṇasyāśramasya ca yo dharmo vedena vihitaḥ, sa ca viguṇaḥ kiṃcid aṅga-vikalo 'pi svanuṣṭhitā sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇācaritād api para-dharmāt śreyān | yathā brāhmaṇasyāhiṃsādiḥ sva-dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya ca yuddhādiḥ | na hi dharmo vedātiriktena pramāṇena gamyate | cakṣur bhinnendriyeṇeva rūpam | yathāha jaiminiḥ - codanā-lakṣaṇo dharmaḥ iti | tatra hetuḥ - svadharme nidhanaṃ maraṇaṃ śreyaḥ pratyavāyābhāvāt para-janmani dharmācaraṇa-sambhavāc ceṣṭa-sādhakam ity arthaḥ | para-dharmas tu bhayāvaho 'niṣṭa-janakaḥ | taṃ praty avihitatvena pratyavāya-sambhavāt | na ca paraśurāme viśvāmitre cavyabhicāraḥ | tayos tat-tat-kulotpannāv api tat tac-coru-mahimnā tat-karmodayāt | tathāpi vigānaṃ kaṣṭaṃ ca tayoḥ smaryate | ataeva droṇādeḥ kṣātra-dharmo 'sakṛd
vigītaḥ |
nanu daivarātyādeḥ kṣatriyasya pārivrājyaṃ śrūyate tataḥ katham ahiṃsādeḥ para-dharmatvam iti cet satyaṃ, pūrva-pūrvāśrama-dharmaiḥ kṣīṇa-vāsanayā pārivrājyādhikāre sati taṃ praty ahiṃsādeḥ sva-dharmatvena vihitatvāt | ataeva sva-dharme sthitasyeti yojyate ||35||
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BhG 3.36
arjuna uvāca
atha kena prayukto 'yaṃ pāpaṃ carati pūruṣaḥ |
anicchann api vārṣṇeya balād iva niyojitaḥ ||36||
śrīdharaḥ : tayor na vaśam āgacchet [Gītā 3.34] ity uktam | tad etad aśakyaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca atheti | vṛṣṇer vaṃśe avatīrṇo vārṣṇeyaḥ | he vārṣṇeya ! anartha-rūpaṃ pāpaṃ kartum icchann api kena prayuktaḥ prerito 'yaṃ puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ carati ? kāma-krodhau viveka-balena niruddhato 'pi puruṣasya punaḥ pāpe pravṛtti-darśanāt | anyo 'pi tayor mūlabhūtaḥ kaścit pravartako bhaved iti sambhāvanayā praśnaḥ ||36||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatra kāmya-pratiṣiddha-karma-pravṛtti-kāraṇam apanudya bhagavan-matam anuvartituṃ tat-kāraṇāvadhāraṇāya arjuna uvāca atheti | dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ ity ādinā pūrvam anartha-mūlam uktam | sāmprataṃ ca prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhā ity ādinā bahu-vistaraṃ kathitam | tatra kiṃ sarvāṇy api sama-prādhānyena kāraṇāni | athavaikam eva mukhyaṃ kāraṇam itarāṇi tu tat-sahakārīṇi kevalam | tatrādye sarveṣāṃ pṛthak pṛthaṅ nivāraṇe mahān prayāsaḥ syāt | antye tv ekasminn eva nirākṛte kṛta-kṛtyatā syād ity ato brūhi me kena hetunā prayuktaḥ prerito 'yaṃ tvan-matānanuvartī sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhaḥ puruṣaḥ pāpam anarthānubandhi sarvaṃ phalābhisandhi-puraḥ-saraṃ kāmyaṃ citrādi śatru-vadha-sādhanaṃ ca śyanādi pratiṣiddhaṃ ca kalañja-bhakṣaṇādi
bahu-vidhaṃ karmācarati svayaṃ kartum anicchann api na tu nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ parama-puruṣārthānubandhi tvad-upadiṣṭaṃ karmecchann api karoti | na ca pāratantryaṃ vinetthaṃ sambhavati | ato yena balād iva niyojito rājñeva bhṛtyas tvan-mata-viruddhaṃ sarvānarthānubandhitvaṃ jānann api tādṛśaṃ karmācarati tam anartha-mārga-pravartakaṃ māṃ prati brūhi jñātvā samucchedāyety arthaḥ | he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-vaṃśe man-mātāmaha-kule kṛpayāvatīrṇeti sambodhanena vārṣṇeyī-suto 'haṃ tvayā nipekṣaṇīya iti sūcayati ||36||
viśvanāthaḥ : yad uktaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv [Gītā 3.34] ity atra śāstra-niṣiddhe |pīndriyārthe para-strī-sambhāṣaṇādau rāga ity atra pṛcchati atheti | kena prayojaka-kartrānicchann api vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrārtha-jñānavattvāt pāpe pravartitum icchā-rahito 'pi balād iveti prayojaka-preraṇa-vaśāt prayojyasyāpīcchā samyag utpadyate iti bhāvaḥ ||36||
baladevaḥ : indriyasya ity ādau śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi para-dāra-sambhāṣaṇādau rāgo vyavasthita iti yad uktaṃ tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati atha keneti | he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-vaṃśodbhava ! śubhādibhyaś ceti prayuktaḥ preritaḥ pāpaṃ carati niṣedha-śāstrārtha-jñānāt tac-caritam anicchann api balād iveti | prayojakecchāpannatayā prayojye 'pīcchā prajāyate | sa kim īśvaraḥ, pūrva-saṃskāro vā ? tatrādyaḥ sākṣitvāt kāruṇikatvāc ca na pāpe prerakaḥ | na ca paro jaḍatvād iti praśnārthaḥ ||36||
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BhG 3.37
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ |
mahāśano mahā-pāpmā viddhy enam iha vairiṇam ||37||
śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca kāma eṣa krodha eṣa iti | yas tvayā pṛṣṭo hetur eva kāma eva | nanu krodho 'pi pūrvaṃ tvayoktam indriyasyendriyasyārtha ity atra | satyam | nāsau tataḥ pṛthak | kintu krodho 'py eṣaḥ | kāma eva hi kenacit pratihataḥ krodhātmanā pariṇamate | pūrvaṃ pṛthaktvenokto 'pi krodha-kāmaja evety abhiprāyeṇa ekīkṛtyocyate | rajo-guṇāt samudbhavatīti tathā | anena sattva-vṛddhyā rajasi kṣayaṃ nīte sati kāmo na jāyata iti sūcitam | enaṃ kāmam iha mokṣa-mārge vairiṇaṃ viddhi | ayaṃ ca vakṣyamāṇa-krameṇa hantavya eva | yato nāsau dānena sandhātuṃ śakya ity āha mahāśanaḥ | mahad-aśanaṃ yasya saḥ | duṣpūra ity arthaḥ | na ca sāmnā sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | yato mahā-pāpmā 'tyugraḥ ||37||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunena pṛṣṭe atho khalv āhuḥ kāma-maya evāyaṃ puruṣa iti, ātmaivedam agra āsīd eka eva so 'kāmayata jāyā me syād atha prajāyeyātha vittaṃ me syād atha karma kurvīya ity ādi-śruti-siddham uttaram śrī-bhagavān uvāca kāma iti | yas tvayā pṛṣṭo hetur balād anartha-mārge pravartakaḥ sa eṣa kāma eva mahān śatruḥ | yan-nimittā sarvānartha-prāptiḥ prāṇinām |
nanu krodho 'py abhicārādau pravartako dṛṣṭa ity ata āha krodha eṣaḥ | kāma eva kenacid dhetunā pratihataḥ krodhatvena pariṇamate 'taḥ krodho 'py eṣa kāma eva | etasminn eva mahā-vairiṇi nivārite sarva-puruṣārtha-prāptir ity arthaḥ | tan-nivāraṇopāya-jñānāya tat-kāraṇam āha rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | duḥkha-pravṛtti-balātmako rajo-guṇa eva samudbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya | ataḥ kāraṇānuvidhāyitvāt kāryasya so 'pi tathā | yadyapi tamo-guṇo 'pi tasya kāraṇaṃ tathāpi duḥkhe pravṛttau ca rajasa eva prādhānyāt tasyaiva nirdeśaḥ | etena sāttvikyā vṛttyā rajasi kṣīṇe so 'pi kṣīyata ity uktam |
athavā tasya katham anartha-mārge pravartakatvam ity ata āha rajo-guṇasya pravṛttyādi-lakṣaṇasya samudbhavo yasmāt | kāmo hi viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ svayam udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayati | tenāyam avaśyaṃ hantavya ity abhiprāyaḥ |
nanu sāma-dāna-bheda-daṇḍāś catvāra upāyās tatra prathama-trikasyāsambhave caturtho daṇḍaḥ prayoktavyo na tu haṭhād evety āśaṅkya trayāṇām asambhavaṃ vaktuṃ viśinaṣṭi mahāśano mahā-pāpmeti | mahad aśanam asyeti mahāśanaḥ |
yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |
ato na dānena sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | nāpi sāma-bhedābhyāṃ yato mahā-pāpmātyugraḥ | tena hi balāt prerito 'niṣṭa-phalam api jānan pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhi jānīhi enaṃ kāmam iha saṃsāre vairiṇam |
tad etat sarvaṃ vivṛtaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ ātmaivedam agra āsīt iti śruti-vyākhyāne -
pravṛttau ca nivṛttau ca yathoktasyādhikāriṇaḥ |
svātantrye sati saṃsāra-sṛtau kasmāt pravartate ||
na tu niḥśeṣa-vidhvasta-saṃsārānartha-vartmani |
nivṛtti-lakṣaṇe vācyaṃ kenāyaṃ preryate 'vaśaḥ ||
anartha-paripākatvam api jānan pravartate |
pāratantryam ṛte dṛṣṭā pravṛttir nedṛśī kvacit ||
tasmāc chreyorthinaḥ puṃsaḥ prerako 'niṣṭa-karmaṇi |
vaktavyas tan-nirāsārtham ity arthā syāt parā śrutiḥ ||
anāpta-puruṣārtho 'yaṃ niḥśeṣānartha-saṅkulaḥ |
ity akāmayatānāptān pumarthān sādhanair jaḍaḥ ||
jihāsati tathānarthān avidvān ātmani śritān |
avidyodbhūta-kāmaḥ sann atho khalv iti ca śrutiḥ ||
akāmataḥ kriyāḥ kāścid dṛśyante neha kasyacit |
yad yad dhi kurute jantus tat-tat-kāmasya ceṣṭitam ||
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa ity ādi-vacanaṃ smṛteḥ |
pravartako nāparo 'taḥ kāmād anyaḥ pratīyate || iti |
akāmata iti manu-vacanam | anyat spaṣṭam ||37||
viśvanāthaḥ : eṣa kāma eva viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe pravartayati tenaiva prayuktaḥ puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ caratīty arthaḥ | eṣa kāma eva pṛthaktvena dṛśyamāna eṣa pratyakṣaḥ krodho bhavati | kāma eva kenacit pratihato bhūtvā krodhākāreṇa pariṇamatīty arthaḥ | kāmo rajo-guṇa-samudbhava iti rājasāt kāmād eva tāmasaḥ krodho jāyate ity arthaḥ | kāmasya apekṣita-pūraṇena nivṛttiḥ syād iti cen nety āha mahāśano mahad aśanaṃ yasya saḥ |
yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |
kāmasyāpekṣitaṃ pūrayitum aśakyam eva | nanu dānena sandhātum aśakyaś cet sāma-bhedābhyāṃ sa sva-vaśīkartavyaḥ | tatrāha mahā-pāpmātyugraḥ ||37||
baladevaḥ : tatrāha bhagavān kāma iti | kāmaḥ prāktana-vāsanā-hetukaḥ śabdādi-viṣayako 'bhilāṣaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe prerayati tad anicchum api so 'sya preraka ity arthaḥ | nanv abhicārādau krodho 'pi prerako dṛṣṭaḥ sa cendriyasyety ādaubhavatāpi pṛthag ukta iti cet, satyam | na sa tasmāt pṛthak, kintv eṣa kāma eva kenacic cetanena pratihataḥ krodho bhavati | dugdham ivāmlena yuktaṃ dadhi | kāma-jaya eva krodha-jaya iti bhāvaḥ | kīdṛśaḥ kāma ity āha rajo-guṇeti | sattva-vṛddhyā rajasi nirjite kāmo nirjitaḥ syād ity arthaḥ | na cāpekṣita-pradānena kāmasya nivṛttir ity āha mahāśana iti |
yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smaraṇāt |
na ca sāmnā bhedena vā sa vaśībhaved ity āha mahāpāpmeti | yo 'tyugro viveka-jñāna-vilopena niṣiddhe 'pi pravartayati tasmād iha dāna-yoge enaṃ vairiṇaṃ viddhi tathā ca jñānādibhis tribhir upāyaiḥ sandhātum aśakyatvād vakṣyamāṇena daṇḍena sa hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | īśvaraḥ karmāntaritaḥ parjanyavat sarvatra prerakaḥ | kāmas tu svayam eva pāpmāgre iti tathoktam ||37||
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BhG 3.38
dhūmenāvriyate vahnir yathā-darśo malena ca |
yatholbenāvṛto garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||38||
śrīdharaḥ : kāmasya vairitvaṃ darśayati dhūmeneti | dhūmena sahajena yathā vahnir āvriyata ācchādyate | yathā cādarśo malenāgantukena | yathā colbena garbhaveṣṭana-carmaṇā garbhaḥ sarvato niruddha āvṛtaḥ | tathāprakāra-trayeṇāpi tena kāmenāvṛtam idam ||38||
madhusūdanaḥ : tasya mahā-pāpmatvena vairtvam eva dṛṣṭāntaiḥ spaṣṭayati dhūmeneti | tatra śarīrārambhāt prāg-antaḥ-karaṇa-sthālabdha-vṛttikatvāt sūkṣmaḥ kāmaḥ śarīrārambhakeṇa karmaṇā sthūla-śarīrāvacchinne labdha-vṛttike 'ntaḥkaraṇe kṛtābhivyaktiḥ san sthūlo bhavati | sa eva viṣayasya cintyamānatāvasthāyāṃ punaḥ punar udricyamānaḥ sthūlataro bhavati | sa eva punar viṣayasya bhujyamānatāvasthāyām atyantodrekaṃ prāptaḥ sthūlatamo bhavati | tatra prathamāvasthāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ -- yathā dhūmena sahajenāprakāśātmakena prakāśātmako vahnir āvriyate | dvitīyāvasthāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yathādarśo malenāsahajenādarśotpatty-anantaram udriktena | ca-kāro 'vāntara-vaidharmya-sūcanārtha āvriyata iti kriyānukarṣaṇārthaś ca | tṛtīyāvasthāyāṃ
dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yatholbena jarāyuṇā garbha-veṣṭana-carmaṇātisthūlena sarvato nirudhyāvṛtas tathā prakāra-trayeṇāpi tena kāmenedam āvṛtam |
atra dhūmenāvṛto 'pi vahnir dāhādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ karoti | malenāvṛtas tv ādarśaḥ pratibimba-grahaṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ svakāryaṃ na karoti | svacchatā-dharma-mātra-tirodhānāt svarūpatas tūpalabhyata eva | ulbenāvṛtas tu garbho na hasta-pādādi-prasāraṇa-rūpaṃ sva-kāryaṃ karoti na vā svarūpata upalabhyata iti viśeṣaḥ ||38||
viśvanāthaḥ : na ca kasyacid evāyaṃ vairy api tu sarvasyaiveti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha dhūmeneti | kāmasyāgāḍhatve gāḍhatve 'tigāḍhatve ca krameṇa dṛṣṭāntāḥ | dhūmenāvṛto 'pi malino vahnir dāhādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ tu karoti | malenāvṛto darpaṇaṃ tu svacchatā-dharma-tirodhānād bimba-grahaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ na karoti svarūpatas tūpalabhyate | ulbena jarāyūṇāvṛto garbhas tu sva-kāryaṃ kara-caraṇādi-prasāraṇaṃ na karoti, na vā svarūpata upalabhyata iti | evaṃ kāmasyāgāḍhatve paramārtha-smaraṇaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti | gāḍhatve na śaknotīti gāḍhatve tv acetanam eva syād idaṃ jagad eva ||38||
baladevaḥ : mṛdu-madhya-tīvra-bhāvena trividhasya kāmasya dhūma-malolbaneti krameṇa dṛṣṭāntān āha dhūmenet | yathā dhūmenāvṛto 'nujjvalo 'pi vahnir auṣṇādikaṃ kiṃcit karoti malenāvṛto darpaṇaḥ svacchatā-tirodhānāt pratibimbaṃ na śaknoti grahītum ulbena jarā-guṇāvṛto garbhas tu pādādi-prasārarṃ na śaknoti kartuṃ na copalabhyate | tathā mṛdunā kāmenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ kathaṃcit tattvārthaṃ grahītuṃ śaknoti madhyenāvṛtaṃ na śaknoti | tīvreṇāvṛtaṃ tu prasartum api na śaknoti, na ca pratīyata ity arthaḥ ||38||
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BhG 3.39
āvṛtaṃ jñānam etena jñānino nitya-vairiṇā |
kāma-rūpeṇa kaunteya duṣpūreṇānalena ca ||39||
śrīdharaḥ : idaṃ śabda-nirdiṣṭaṃ darśayan vairitvaṃ sphuṭayati āvṛtam iti | idaṃ viveka-jñānam etena āvṛtam | ajñasya khalu bhoga-samaye kāmaḥ sukha-hetur eva | pariṇāme tu vairitvaṃ pratipadyate | jñāninaḥ punas tat-kālam apy anarthānusandhānād duḥkha-hetur eveti nitgya-vairiṇety uktam | kiṃ ca viṣayaiḥ pūryamāṇo 'pi yo duṣpūraḥ | āpūryamāṇaṃ tu śoka-santāpa-hetutvād anala-tulyaḥ | anena sarvān prati nitya-vairitvam uktam ||39||
madhusūdanaḥ : tathā tenedam āvṛtam iti saṅgraha-vākyaṃ vivṛṇoty āvṛtam iti | jñāyate 'neneti jñānam antaḥkaraṇaṃ viveka-vijñānaṃ veda-śabda-nirdiṣṭam etena kāmenāvṛtam | tathāpy āpātataḥ sukha-hetutvād upādeyaḥ syād ity ata āha jñānino nitya-vairiṇā | ajño hi viṣaya-bhoga-kāle kāmaṃ mitram iva paśyaṃs tat-kārye duḥkhe prāpte vairitvaṃ jānāti kāmenāhaṃ duḥkhitvam āpādita iti | jñānī tu bhoga-kāle 'pi jānāty anenāham anarthe praveśita iti | ato vivekī duḥkhī bhavati bhoga-kāle ca tat-pariṇāme cāneneti jñānino 'sau nitya-vairīti sarvathā tena hantavya evety arthaḥ |
tarhi kiṃ svarūo 'sāv ity ata āha kāma-rūpeṇa | kāma icchā tṛṣṇā saiva rūpaṃ yasya tena | he kaunteyeti sambandhāviṣkāreṇa premāṇaṃ sūcayati | nanu vivekino hantavyo 'py avivekina upādeyaḥ syād ity ata āha duṣpūreṇānalena ca | ca-kāra upamārthaḥ | na vidyate 'laṃ paryāptir yasyety analo vahniḥ | sa yathā haviṣā pūrayitum aśakyas tathāyam api bhogenety arthaḥ | ato nirantaraṃ santāpa-hetutvād vivekina ivāvivekino 'pi heya evāsau | tathā ca smṛtiḥ -
na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati |
haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate || [BhP 9.19.14] iti |
athavecchāyā viṣaya-siddhi-nivartyatvād icchā-rūpaḥ kāmo viṣaya-bhogena svayam eva nivartiṣyate kiṃ tatrāti-nirbandhenety ata uktaṃ duṣpūreṇānalena ceti | viṣaya-siddhyā tat-kālam icchātirodhāne 'pi punaḥ prādurbhāvān na viṣaya-siddhir icchā-nivartikā | kintu viṣaya-doṣa-dṛṣṭir evatatheti bhāvaḥ ||39||
viśvanāthaḥ : kāma eva hi jīvasyāvidyety āha āvṛtam iti | nitya-vairiṇy ato 'sau sarva-prakāreṇa hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | kāma-rūpeṇa kāmākāreṇājñānenety arthaḥ | ca-kāra ivārthe | analo yathā haviṣā pūrayitum acakyas tathā kāmo 'pi bhogenety arthaḥ | yad uktam -
na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati |
haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate || [BhP 9.19.14] iti ||39||
baladevaḥ : uktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati āvṛtam iti | anena kāma-rūpeṇa nitya-vairiṇā jñānino jīvasya jñānam āvṛtam iti sambandhaḥ | ajñasya viṣaya-bhoga-samaye sukhatvāt suhṛd api kāmas tat-kārye duḥkhe sati vairḥ syād vijñasya tu tat-samaye 'pi duḥkhānusandhānād duḥkha-hetur eveti nitya-vairiṇety uktiḥ | tasmāt sarvathā hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | kiṃ ca duṣpūreṇeti | ca-śabda ivārthaḥ | tatrānalo yathā haviṣā pūrayitum aśakyas tathā bhogena kāma ity arthaḥ | smṛtiś caivam āha-
na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati |
haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate || [BhP 9.19.14] iti |
tasmāt sarveṣāṃ sa nitya-vairīti ||39||
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BhG 3.40
indriyāṇi mano buddhir asyādhiṣṭhānam ucyate |
etair vimohayaty eṣa jñānam āvṛtya dehinam ||40||
śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ tasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ kathayan jayopāyam āha indriyāṇīti dvābhyām | viṣaya-darśana-śravaṇādibhiḥ saṃkalpenādhyavasāyena ca kāmasya āvirbhāvād indriyāṇi ca manaś ca buddhiś cāsyādhiṣṭhānam ucyate | etair indriyādibhir darśanādi-vyāpāravadbhir āśraya-bhūtair viveka-jñānam āvṛtya dehinaṃ vimohayati ||40||
madhusūdanaḥ : jñāte hi śatror adhiṣṭhāne sukhena sa jetuṃ śakyata iti tad-adhiṣṭhānam āha indriyāṇīti | indriyāṇi śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandha-grāhakāṇi śrotrādīni vacanādāna-gamana-visargānanda-janakāni vāg-ādīni ca | manaḥ saṅkalpātmakaṃ buddhir adhyavasāyātmikā ca | asya kāmasyādhiṣṭhānam āśraya ucyate | yata etair indriyādibhiḥ sva-sva-vyāpāravadbhir āśrayair vimohayati vividhaṃ mohayati eṣa kāmo jñānam viveka-jñānam āvṛtyācchādya dehinaṃ dehābhimāninam ||40||
viśvanāthaḥ : kvāsau tiṣṭhaty ata āha indriyāṇīti | asya vairiṇaḥ kāmasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ mahā-durga-rājadhānyaḥ | śabdādayo viṣayās tu tasya rājño deśā iti bhāvaḥ | etair indriyādibhir dehinaṃ jīvam ||40||
baladevaḥ : vairiṇaḥ kāmasya durgeṣu nirjiteṣu tasya jayaḥ sukara iti tāny āha indriyāṇīti | viṣaya-śravaṇādinā saṅkalpenādhyavasāyena ca kāmasyābhivyakteḥ śrotrādīni ca manaś ca buddhiś ca tasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ mahā-durga-rājadhānī-rūpaṃ bhavati viṣayās tu tasya tasya janapadā bodhyāḥ | etair viṣaya-saṃcāribhir indriyādibhir dehinaṃ prakṛti-sṛṣṭa-dehavantaṃ jīvam ātma-jñānodyatam eṣa kāmo vimohayati ātma-jñāna-vimukhaṃ viṣaya-rasa-pravaṇaṃ ca karotīty arthaḥ ||40||
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BhG 3.41
tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau niyamya bharatarṣabha |
pāpmānaṃ prajahihy enaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanam ||41||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | tasmād ādau vimohāt pūrvam evendriyāṇi mano buddhiṃ ca niyamya pāpmānaṃ pāpa-rūpam enaṃ kāmaṃ hi sphuṭaṃ prajahi ghātaya | yad vā prajahihi parityaja | jñānam ātma-viṣayaṃ | vijñānaṃ nididhyāsanajam | tam eva dhīro vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta iti śruteḥ ||41||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evam | yasmād indriyādhiṣṭhānaḥ kāmo dehinaṃ mohayati tasmāt tvam ādau mohanāt pūrvaṃ kāma-nirodhāt pūrvam iti vā | indriyāṇi śrotrādīni niyamya vaśīkṛtya | teṣu hi vaśīkṛteṣu mano-buddhyor api vaśīkaraṇaṃ sidhyati saṅkalpādhyavasāyayor bāhyendriya-pravṛtti-dvāraivānartha-hetutvāt | ata indriyāṇi mano buddhir iti pūrvaṃ pṛthaṅ-nirdiśyāpīhendriyāṇīty etāvad uktam | indriyatvena tayor api saṅgraho vā | he bharatarṣabha mahā-vaṃśa-prabhūtatvena samartho 'si | pāpmānaṃ sarva-pāpa-mūla-bhūtam enaṃ kāmaṃ vairiṇaṃ prajahihi parityaja hi sphuṭaṃ prajahi prakarṣeṇa mārayeti vā | jahi śatrum ity upasaṃhārāc ca | jñānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśa-jaṃ parokṣaṃ vijñānam aparokṣaṃ tat-phalaṃ tayor jñāna-vijñānayoḥ śreyaḥ-prāpti-hetvor
nāśanam ||41||
viśvanāthaḥ : vairiṇaḥ khalv āśraye jite sati vairī jīyata iti nītir ataḥ kāmasyāśrayeṣv indriyādiṣu yathottaraṃ durjayatvādhikyam | ataḥ prathama-prāptānīndriyāṇi durjayāny apy uttarāpekṣayā sujayāni | prathamaṃ te jīyantām ity āha tasmād iti | indriyāṇi niyamyena yadyapi para-strī-para-dravyādy-apaharaṇe durnivāraṃ mano gacchaty eva | tad api tatra tatra netra-śrotra-kara-caraṇādīndriya-vyāpāra-stha-gaṇanād indriyāṇi na gamayety arthaḥ | pāpmānam atyugraṃ kāmaṃ jahītīndriya-vyāpārastha-gaṇanam atikālena mano 'pi kāmād vicyutaṃ bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||41||
baladevaḥ : yasmād ayaṃ kāma-rūpo vairī nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-virati-rūpāyātma-jñānāyodyatasya viṣaya-rasa-pravaṇair indriyair jñānam āvṛṇoti tasmāt prakṛti-sṛṣṭa-dehādimāṃs tvam ādāv ātma-jñānodayāyārambha-kāla evendriyāṇi sarvāṇi tad-vyāpāra-rūpe niṣkāme karma-yoge niyamya pravaṇāni kṛtvā enaṃ pāpmānaṃ kāmaṃ śatruṃ prajahi vināśaya | hi yasmāj jñānasya śāstrīyasya dehādi-viviktātma-viṣayakasya vijñānasya ca tādṛg-ātmānubhavasya nāśanam āvarakam ||41||
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BhG 3.42
indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir yo buddheḥ paratas tu saḥ ||42||
śrīdharaḥ : yatra citta-praṇidhānena indriyāṇi niyantuṃ śakyante, tad ātma-svarūpaṃ dehādibhyo vivicya darśayati indriyāṇīti | indriyāṇi dehādibhyo grāhyebhyaḥ parāṇi śreṣṭhāny āhuḥ sūkṣmatvāt prakāśakatvāc ca | ataeva tad-vyatiriktatvam apy arthād uktaṃ bhavati | indriyebhyaś ca saṅkalpātmakaṃ manaḥ param tat-pravartakatvāt | manasas tu niścayātmikā buddhiḥ parā | niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṅkalpasya | yas tu buddheḥ paratas tat-sākṣitvenāvasthitaḥ sarvāntaraḥ sa ātmā | taṃ vimohayati dehinam iti dehi-śabdokta ātmā sa iti parāmṛśyate ||42||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yathā kathaṃcid bāhyendriya-niyama-sambhave 'py āntara-tṛṣṇā-tyāgo 'tiduṣkara iti cen, na | raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate [Gītā 2.59] ity atra para-darśanasya rasābhidhānīyaka-tṛṣṇā-tyāga-sādhanasya prāg-ukteḥ | tarhi ko 'sau paro yad-darśanāt tṛṣṇā-nivṛttir ity āśaṅkya śuddham ātmānaṃ para-śabda-vācyaṃ dehādibhyo vivicya darśayati indriyāṇīti | śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi pañca sthūlaṃ jaḍaṃ paricchinnaṃ bāhyaṃ ca deham apekṣya parāṇi sūkṣmatvāt prakāśakatvād vyāpakatvād antaḥsthatvāc ca prakṛṣṭāny āhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ śrutayo vā | tathendriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ tat-pravartakatvāt | tathā manasas tu parā buddhir adhyavasāyātmikā | adhyavasāyo hi niścayas tat-pūrvaka eva saṅkalpādir mano-dharmaḥ
| yas tu buddheḥ paratas tad-bhāsakatvenāvasthito yaṃ dehinam indriyādibhir āśrayair yuktaḥ kāmo jñānāvaraṇa-dvāreṇa mohayatīty uktaṃ sa buddher draṣṭā para ātmā | sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ itivad dvyavahitasyāpi dehinas tadā parāmarśaḥ | atrārthe śrutiḥ -
indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā arthebhyaś ca paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ ||
mahataḥ parama-vyaktam avyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ |
puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ || [KaṭhU 1.3.10-11] iti |
atrātmanaḥ paratvasyaiva vākya-tātparya-viṣayatvād indriyādi-paratvasyāvivakṣitatvād indriyebhyaḥ parā arthā iti sthāne 'rthebhyaḥ parāṇīndriyāṇīti vivakṣābhedena bhagavad-uktaṃ na virudhyate | buddher asmad-ādi-vyaṣṭi-buddheḥ sakāśān mahān ātmā samaṣṭi-buddhi-rūpaḥ paraḥ mano mahān matir brahma pūr buddhiḥ khyātir īśvaraḥ iti vāyu-purāṇa-vacanāt | mahato hairaṇyagarbhyā buddheḥ param avyaktam avyākṛtaṃ sarva-jagad-bījaṃ māyākhyaṃ māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyād iti śruteḥ | tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt iti ca | avyaktāt sakāśāt sakala-jaḍa-varga-prakāśakaḥ puruṣaḥ pūrṇa ātmā paraḥ | tasmād api kaścid anyaḥ paraḥ syād ity ata āha puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcid iti | kuta evaṃ yasmāt sā kāṣṭhā samāptiḥ sarvādhiṣṭhānatvāt
| sā parā gatiḥ | so 'dhvanaḥ pāram āpnoti tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhā parā gatir api saivety arthaḥ | tad etat sarvaṃ yo buddheḥ paratas tu sa ity anenoktam ||42||
viśvanāthaḥ : na ca prathamam eva mano-buddhi-jaye yatanīyam aśakyatvād ity āha indriyāṇi parāṇīti | daśa-dig-vijayibhir api vīrair durjayatvād atibalatvena śreṣṭhānīty arthaḥ | indriyebhyaḥ sakāśād api prabalatvān manaḥ paraṃ | svapne khalv indriyeṣv api naṣṭeṣv anaśvaratvād iti bhāvaḥ | manasaḥ sakāśād api parā prabalā buddhir vijñāna-rūpā | suṣuptau manasy api naṣṭe tasyāḥ sāmānyākārāyā anaśvarātvād iti bhāvaḥ | tasya buddheḥ sakāśād api parato balādhikyena yo vartate, tawsyām api jñānābhyāsena naṣṭāyāṃ satyāṃ yo virājata ity arthaḥ | sa tu prasiddho jīvātmā kāmasya jetā | tena vastutaḥ sarvato 'py atiprabalena jīvātmanā indriyādīn vijitya kāmo vijetuṃ śakya eveti nātrāsambhāvanā kāryeti bhāvaḥ ||42||
baladevaḥ : nanu mudrita-yantrāmbu-nyāyena niṣkāma-karma-pravaṇatayendriya-niyamane kāma-kṣatir iti tvayā pradarśitam | atha daihika-karma-kāle mukta-yantrāmbu-nyāyenendriya-vṛtti-prasāre kāmasya punar ujjīvatāpattiḥ syād iti tatra raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā [Gītā 2.59] iti pūrvopadiṣṭena viviktātmānubhavena niḥśeṣā tasya kṣatiḥ syād iti darśayati indriyāṇīti dvābhyām |
pāñcabhautikād dehād indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur paṇḍitāḥ | tac cālīkatvāt tato 'tisūkṣmatvāt tad-vināśe 'vināśāc ca | indriyebhyaḥ manaḥ paraṃ jāgare teṣāṃ pravartakatvāt svapne teṣu svasmin vilīneṣu rājya-kartṛtvena sthitatvāc ca | manasas tu buddhiḥ parā, niścayātmaka-buddhi-vṛttyaiva saṅkalpātmaka-mano-vṛtteḥ prasarāt | yas tu buddher api parato 'sti, sa dehī jīvātmā cit-svarūpo dehādi-buddhy-antar-viviktayānubhūtaḥ san niḥśeṣa-kāma-kṣati-hetur bhavatīti | kaṭhāś caivaṃ paṭhanti -
indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā arthebhyaś ca paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ || ity ādi |
asyārthaḥ - indriyebhyo 'rthā viṣayās tad-ākarsiktatvāt parāḥ pradhāna-bhūtāḥ | viṣayendriya-vyavahārasya mano-mūlatvād arthebhyo manaḥ paraṃ viṣaya-bhogasya niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṃśayātmakān manaso manaḥ paraṃ viṣaya-bhogasya niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṃśayātmakān manaso niścayātmikā buddhiḥ parā buddher bhogopakaraṇatvāt tasyāḥ sakāśād bhoktātmā jīvaḥ paraḥ sa cātmā mahān dehendriyāntaḥkaraṇa-svāmīti daihikaṃ karma tu pūrvābhyāsa-vaśāc cakra-bhramitvat setsyati ||42||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 3.43
evaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā saṃstabhyātmānam ātmanā |
jahi śatruṃ mahā-bāho kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadam ||43||
śrīdharaḥ : upasaṃharati evam iti | buddher eva viṣayendriyādi-janyāḥ kāmādi-vikriyāḥ | ātmā tu nirvikāras tat-sākṣīty evaṃ buddheḥ paramātmānaṃ buddhvātmanaivaṃ tṛtayā niściyātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpiṇaṃ śatruṃ jahi māraya | durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ ||43||
sva-dharmeṇa yam ārādhya bhaktyā muktim itā budhāḥ |
tat kṛṣṇaṃ paramānandaṃ toṣayet sarva-karmabhiḥ ||
iti śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
karma-yogo nāma tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : phalitam āha evam iti | raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ity atra yaḥ para-śabdenoktas tam evambhūtaṃ pūrṇam ātmānaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā sākṣātkṛtya saṃstabhya sthirītkṛtyātmānaṃ mana ātmanaitādṛśa-niścayātmkiayā buddhyā jahi māraya śatruṃ sarva-puruṣārtha-śātanaṃ he mahābāho mahā-bāhor hi śatru-māraṇaṃ sukaram iti yogyaṃ sambodhanam | kāma-rūpaṃ tṛṣṇā-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti yatnādhikyāya viśeṣaṇam ||43||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām karma-yogo nāma
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati evam iti | buddheḥ paraṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvā sarvopādhibhyaḥ pṛthak-bhūtaṃ jñātvā ātmanā svenaivāmānaṃ svaṃ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā durāsadaṃ durjayam api kāmaṃ jahi nāśaya ||43||
adhyāye 'smin sādhanasya niṣkāmasyaiva karmaṇaḥ |
prādhānyam ūce tat-sādhya-jñānasya guṇatāṃ vadan ||
iti sārārtha-darśinyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
tṛtīyaḥ khalu gītāsu saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||
||3||
baladevaḥ : evam iti | evaṃ mad-upadeśa-vidhayā buddheś ca paraṃ dehādi-nikhila-jaḍa-varga-pravartakatvād viviktaṃ sukha-cid-ghanaṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvānubhūyety arthaḥ | ātmanā īdṛśa-niścayātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya tādṛśy ātmani sthiraṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpaṃ śatruṃ jahi nāśaya | durāsadaṃ durdharṣam api | mahā-bāho iti prāgvat ||43||
niṣkāmaṃ karma mukhyaṃ syād gauṇaṃ jñānaṃ tad-udbhavam |
jīvātma-dṛṣṭāv ity eṣa tṛtīyo 'dhyāya-nirṇayaḥ ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
||3||
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ karma-yogaḥ